{"rule":"Occupations come in two tiers. Researched entries carry cited official entry rules; listed entries record only the work scope and the type of entry gate (statutory / scheme / government / employer) and state that official conditions have not been checked item by item. Private-sector salaries are never estimated.","tiers":{"researched":198,"listed":202},"careers":[{"slug":"lawyer","titleZh":"律師（事務律師／大律師）","titleEn":"Lawyer (solicitor / barrister)","industryZh":"法律","industryEn":"Law","sectorId":"law","ledeZh":"在香港執業，事務律師與大律師都要先取得法學專業證書（PCLL），再完成實習。本地法律學位以外，還有轉換考試一條路。","ledeEn":"Practising as a solicitor or barrister in Hong Kong requires the Postgraduate Certificate in Laws (PCLL), then a traineeship or pupillage. A conversion examination is the other main academic route besides a local law degree.","bodyZh":"要在香港做執業律師，核心關卡是 PCLL，而不是「讀完任何法律課程就可以上庭或簽約」。\n\n香港大學專業法律教育說明：有意成為事務律師或大律師的人，通常先完成香港或其他普通法司法管轄區的法學學士（LLB）或同等法律課程。完成 PCLL 後，有意做事務律師的人須再完成兩年實習律師僱用期，才合資格申請認許為事務律師。\n\n法律教育及培訓常設委員會訂明，自 2008 年 9 月起入讀 PCLL 的學生，須證明已掌握指定核心科目；非本地普通法資格持有人，可用香港法學專業證書入學轉換考試補足未覆蓋的科目，以及三科香港「補足科目」（香港憲法、香港法律制度、香港土地法）。轉換課程本身不是強制，上課也不等於已證明能力——要以考試成績為準。\n\n大律師路線在 PCLL 之後是實習（pupillage），認許規則由香港大律師公會及高等法院處理。本站未把私人律師行職銜（例如顧問、合夥人）寫成固定階梯，因為那不是法定職級。","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic registration requirements","bodyZh":"喺香港要做執業律師，無論係事務律師定大律師，都一定要先符合香港律師會或者大律師公會嘅註冊要求，最核心嘅關卡就係要取得法學專業證書（PCLL），完成指定實習期先可以正式執業。本地同非本地法律學位有唔一樣嘅入學路徑，但最終都要符合所有法定要求。","bodyEn":"To practise law in Hong Kong as either a solicitor or barrister, you must meet the registration requirements set by the Law Society of Hong Kong or the Hong Kong Bar Association. The key requirement is obtaining the Postgraduate Certificate in Laws (PCLL) and completing the mandated traineeship or pupillage before you can qualify. Local and non-local law degrees follow different admission pathways, but all must satisfy the same statutory requirements."},{"titleZh":"晉升及薪酬參考","titleEn":"Progression and Salary Reference","bodyZh":"律師冇法定薪級，薪酬完全由市場同僱主決定。實習律師（trainee solicitor）嘅待遇由律師行自訂，大型國際事務所同本地中小型行可以差幾倍，獎金、佣金同津貼安排又唔一樣；大律師係自僱人士，收入按案件逐單收費，頭一兩年建立客源期間相當唔穩定。所以本站唔列任何月薪或年薪估算，睇招聘廣告或者傾師傅安排時，要問清楚底薪、獎金計算方法、強積金同實習期條件。\n\n晉升路線：實習律師 → 事務律師 → 高級律師 → 顧問律師／合夥人；合夥人嘅收入取決於律師行嘅利潤分配，唔同規模嘅行差異極大。大律師由實習大律師（pupil）起步，累積案件同資歷之後，可以向資深大律師（Senior Counsel）嘅方向發展。","bodyEn":"There is no statutory pay scale for lawyers: pay is set by the market and by each employer. Trainee solicitor packages are decided by the firm, and can differ several times over between large international practices and small local firms, with different bonus and allowance arrangements. Barristers are self-employed and charge per case, so income while building a practice in the first year or two is unstable. This site therefore prints no monthly or annual estimate; when reading an advertisement or agreeing pupillage terms, ask about the base rate, how bonuses are calculated, MPF and the conditions of the traineeship.\n\nProgression runs: trainee solicitor → solicitor → senior associate → consultant or partner, with partner income depending on how the firm shares profits and varying hugely with firm size. A barrister starts as a pupil and, after building a caseload and seniority, may work towards appointment as Senior Counsel."},{"titleZh":"成為事務律師與大律師","titleEn":"Becoming a Solicitor and Barrister","bodyZh":"事務律師同大律師係香港法律界兩個完全獨立嘅執業類別，唔可以同時兼任，佢哋嘅工作範圍同執業模式有好大分別：\n\n事務律師（Solicitor）：主要處理客戶嘅日常法律事務，包括商業合約起草、物業買賣、公司併購、離婚承辦等，佢哋可以直接同客戶接觸，開設律師事務所。喺法庭訴訟方面，事務律師只能喺低級法院（裁判法院、區域法院、高等法院原訟庭嘅部分案件）出庭，喺上訴庭或者終審法院，一般要由大律師代表訟辯。\n\n大律師（Barrister）：係專門嘅訟辯律師，主要負責喺各級法院出庭代表客戶抗辯，同時提供法律意見書。大律師唔可以直接接受客戶委託，必須由事務律師轉介，亦唔可以成立合夥事務所，只能以個人嘅方式執業。大律師享有法庭內嘅說話特權，喺處理複雜訴訟案件方面有專業優勢。\n\n實習要求方面，事務律師要做兩年實習律師（trainee solicitor），而大律師嘅實習期（pupillage）一般係一年，頭半年係跟師學習，後半年先可以獨立處理簡單案件。","bodyEn":"Solicitors and barristers are two distinct legal professions in Hong Kong that cannot be practised simultaneously, with very different scopes of work and operating models:\n\nSolicitors handle most everyday legal matters, including drafting commercial contracts, property transactions, mergers & acquisitions, and family law cases. They can meet directly with clients and establish law firms. In litigation, solicitors can appear in lower courts (Magistrates' Court, District Court, and some High Court cases), but appeals to the Court of Appeal or Final Court of Appeal generally require representation by a barrister.\n\nBarristers are specialist advocacy lawyers who represent clients in all levels of court and provide written legal opinions. They cannot be directly instructed by members of the public — all instructions must come from a solicitor. Barristers must practise as sole practitioners, not in partnerships. They enjoy immunity from civil liability for courtroom advocacy, and their specialist expertise is crucial for complex litigation.\n\nTraining requirements differ too: solicitors complete a two-year traineeship, while barristers undergo a one-year pupillage, spending the first six months shadowing their pupil master before handling minor cases independently in the second half."}],"bodyEn":"The gate to practise law in Hong Kong is the PCLL, not merely finishing any law course.\n\nHKU Professional Legal Education states that intending solicitors and barristers typically first complete an LLB or equivalent legal studies in Hong Kong or another common-law jurisdiction. After the PCLL, an intending solicitor must complete two years as a trainee solicitor before being eligible for admission as a solicitor.\n\nThe Standing Committee on Legal Education and Training requires students entering the PCLL from September 2008 to demonstrate competence in prescribed core subjects. Holders of non-Hong Kong common-law qualifications may sit the Hong Kong Conversion Examination for PCLL Admission for missing cores and for three Hong Kong top-up subjects (Hong Kong Constitutional Law, Hong Kong Legal System, Hong Kong Land Law). Conversion courses are not mandatory, and attending a course does not itself prove competence.\n\nThe barrister path after PCLL is pupillage; admission is a matter for the Hong Kong Bar and the High Court. Private-firm titles such as consultant or partner are not written here as a fixed ladder, because they are not statutory grades.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。律師行同大律師辦事處各自定價，合夥人收入按利潤分配；本站不估算月薪、年薪或案件收費。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Each law firm or set of chambers sets its own rates and partner income follows profit sharing; this site does not estimate monthly pay, annual income or case fees.","entryZh":["本地 LLB／JD 或獲 PCLL 院校接受的同等法律資格","證明已掌握 PCLL 入學所需核心科目；缺科者應考轉換考試","非香港法律學位者通常還須證明三科香港補足科目","完成 PCLL 後：事務律師須完成兩年實習律師期；大律師須完成實習"],"entryEn":["A local LLB/JD or another legal qualification acceptable to a PCLL provider","Competence in the prescribed PCLL core subjects; sit conversion examinations where needed","Non-Hong Kong law degrees usually also need the three Hong Kong top-up subjects","After PCLL: two years as a trainee solicitor, or pupillage for the Bar"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"本地法律學位 → PCLL → 實習律師","titleEn":"Local law degree → PCLL → trainee solicitor","stepsZh":["香港中學文憑後，經 JUPAS 或其他途徑入讀本地大學 LLB 或法律雙學位／JD","在課程內修畢 PCLL 所需核心科目及香港補足科目","入讀香港大學、中文大學或城市大學等地的 PCLL","受聘為實習律師兩年，再申請認許為事務律師"],"stepsEn":["After the HKDSE, enter a local LLB, double law degree or JD","Cover the PCLL core and Hong Kong top-up subjects in that programme","Take the PCLL at a Hong Kong provider such as HKU, CUHK or CityU","Complete two years as a trainee solicitor, then apply for admission"],"sourceIds":["hkuPcll","scletPcll"]},{"titleZh":"非本地法律資格 → 轉換考試 → PCLL","titleEn":"Non-local law qualification → conversion exams → PCLL","stepsZh":["取得其他普通法司法管轄區的法律學位或獲接受的同等資格","對照 PCLL 入學科目；缺科者應考香港轉換考試（核心科及／或補足科）","轉換考試由 PCLL Conversion Examination Board 舉辦；上課不是強制，也不等於已合格","獲 PCLL 取錄、完成課程後，再走實習律師或大律師實習"],"stepsEn":["Obtain a law degree or acceptable equivalent from another common-law jurisdiction","Map it against PCLL subjects; sit Hong Kong conversion examinations for any gap","The conversion examination is run by the PCLL Conversion Examination Board; a prep course is optional and is not itself proof of competence","After the PCLL, complete a traineeship or pupillage"],"sourceIds":["scletPcll","hkuPcll"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"PCLL 學生","titleEn":"PCLL student"},{"titleZh":"實習律師（兩年）或大律師實習","titleEn":"Trainee solicitor (two years) or pupil"},{"titleZh":"認許為事務律師或大律師","titleEn":"Admitted solicitor or barrister"},{"titleZh":"其後職銜視乎律師行／大律師事務所","titleEn":"Later titles depend on the firm or chambers","noteZh":"合夥人等不是法定職級，本站不寫成固定升遷表。","noteEn":"Partnership and similar titles are not statutory grades."}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"PCLL 學生","titleEn":"PCLL student"},{"titleZh":"實習律師（兩年）或大律師實習","titleEn":"Trainee solicitor (two years) or pupil"},{"titleZh":"認許為事務律師或大律師","titleEn":"Admitted solicitor or barrister"},{"titleZh":"其後職銜視乎律師行／大律師事務所","titleEn":"Later titles depend on the firm or chambers"}],"sourceIds":["hkuPcll","scletPcll","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-05"},{"slug":"registered-nurse","titleZh":"註冊護士／登記護士","titleEn":"Registered nurse / enrolled nurse","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"在香港以護士身分執業，須持有香港護士管理局的註冊或登記證明，以及有效執業證明書。學位護士與登記護士是兩條法定路線。","ledeEn":"To practise as a nurse in Hong Kong you need registration or enrolment with the Nursing Council, plus a valid practising certificate. Registered and enrolled nursing are two statutory tracks.","bodyZh":"香港護士管理局根據《護士註冊條例》建立及執行註冊制度，並監察執業護士的專業操守。沒有管理局發出的註冊／登記及有效執業證明書，就不能以該法定身分執業。\n\n教育局生涯規劃網站把公務員及醫管局職系中的註冊護士與登記護士分開寫。註冊護士（第I部）的入職條件包括：持有護士管理局簽發的註冊證明書（第I部）、有效執業證明書，以及中英文語文能力（文憑試或會考中國語文及英國語文科第2級或以上，或同等學歷）。登記護士則以管理局簽發的登記證書（第I部）及有效執業證明書為核心，學歷門檻較註冊護士低。\n\n公營機構若屬公務員職位，由 2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登的招聘，還須在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格。非政府機構薪酬及職銜並非同一套薪級表。\n\n進修路線可以是護士管理局認可的註冊護士學士或高級文憑課程；登記護士訓練是另一條較短的法定路徑。本站不把未核對的院校名單寫成「唯一入學選擇」。","bodyEn":"The Nursing Council of Hong Kong maintains registration under the Nurses Registration Ordinance and oversees professional conduct. Practising in that statutory capacity requires the Council’s registration or enrolment and a valid practising certificate.\n\nThe Education Bureau life-planning site separates registered nurses and enrolled nurses in the civil-service and Hospital Authority grades. A registered nurse (Part I) needs a Nursing Council registration certificate (Part I), a valid practising certificate, and language proficiency of Level 2 or above in Chinese and English in the HKDSE or HKCEE, or equivalent. An enrolled nurse is built around an enrolment certificate (Part I) and a valid practising certificate, with a lower academic threshold than registered nursing.\n\nCivil-service posts advertised from 1 July 2022 also require a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Pay outside the public sector is not the same scale.\n\nStudy routes include Nursing Council-recognised registered-nurse degree or higher-diploma programmes; enrolled-nurse training is a shorter statutory path. This site does not treat an unsourced school list as the only way in.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic registration requirements","bodyZh":"喺香港要做執業護士，一定要先符合香港護士管理局嘅法定註冊要求，無論係登記護士定註冊護士，都要攞到管理局發出嘅有效註冊同執業證明書先可以合法執業。護士管理局會根據《護士註冊條例》監管所有執業護士嘅專業操守，確保醫療服務質素。","bodyEn":"To practise as a nurse in Hong Kong, you must first meet the statutory registration requirements set by the Nursing Council of Hong Kong. Whether you are an enrolled nurse or a registered nurse, you must obtain a valid registration and practising certificate issued by the Council before you can legally practise. The Council oversees the professional conduct of all practising nurses under the Nurses Registration Ordinance to ensure quality healthcare services."},{"titleZh":"薪酬參考","titleEn":"Salary Reference","bodyZh":"護士嘅薪酬取決於僱主。醫管局同政府護士職系按公務員事務局公布嘅薪級表支薪，有起薪點、每年增薪點同頂薪點，註冊護士同登記護士屬唔同薪級，註冊護士較高。私家醫院、診所同院舍就由僱主自訂薪酬架構，可以高於或低於公營體系，視乎人手同專科。夜班同輪班津貼、辛勞津貼、超時補薪同約滿酬金通常另計，唔包括在底薪之內。實際薪點同金額，要睇醫管局或公務員事務局公布嘅現行薪酬表，本站唔換算成月薪估算。\n\n晉升方面，臨床路線可以由註冊護士做到專科護士、病房經理、部門運作經理；亦可以轉往護士學校教書、公共衞生或者管理工作。","bodyEn":"Pay depends on the employer. Hospital Authority and government nursing grades are paid on the pay scale published by the Civil Service Bureau, with a starting point, annual increments and a maximum point, and registered nurses sit on a higher scale than enrolled nurses. Private hospitals, clinics and care homes set their own structures, which may be above or below the public sector depending on staffing and specialty. Night-shift, roster and hardship allowances, overtime pay and terminal gratuities usually come on top of the basic rate. Actual points and amounts are as set out in the current pay tables published by the Hospital Authority or the Civil Service Bureau, and this site does not convert them into a monthly estimate.\n\nClinically, progression runs from registered nurse to specialist nurse, ward manager and department operations manager, or across into nurse education, public health and management."},{"titleZh":"持續進修路徑","titleEn":"Continuing Education Pathways","bodyZh":"香港護士管理局要求所有註冊護士喺每個執業周期內完成指定嘅持續專業進修（CPD）學分，以維持執業資格。除咗滿足法定要求，護士仲有多條進修升呢嘅路線：\n\n1. 專科護士訓練：醫管局同本地大學聯合開辦多個專科護士課程，包括深切治療科、急症科、兒科、精神科、老人科等，完成課程並通過評核可成為專科護士（RN(S)），薪酬會相應提升。\n\n2. 學位升級：登記護士可以透過兼讀制高級文憑或學士學位課程，升級成為註冊護士。已經係註冊護士嘅，可以修讀護理碩士（MNurs）或者哲學碩士（MPhil）、博士（PhD），進入學術或者高級管理層路線。\n\n3. 管理課程：有意晉升至護士長、部門運作經理等管理崗位嘅護士，可以修讀醫療管理、服務領導等相關碩士課程，醫管局亦有內部培訓計劃培育管理人才。\n\n4. 進階執業護士（APN）：部分專科嘅護士可以接受額外訓練，成為進階執業護士，享有處方藥物同獨立處理個案嘅權限，呢是護理專業發展嘅高級路線。","bodyEn":"The Nursing Council of Hong Kong requires all registered nurses to complete a specified number of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) credits in each practising cycle to maintain their registration. Beyond meeting statutory requirements, nurses have multiple advancement pathways:\n\n1. Specialist Nurse Training: The HA and local universities jointly run specialist nurse programmes in areas like intensive care, emergency medicine, paediatrics, psychiatry and geriatrics. Graduates who pass assessments become Registered Nurses (Specialist) with corresponding salary increments.\n\n2. Academic Advancement: Enrolled nurses can upgrade to registered nurse status through part-time higher diploma or degree programmes. Registered nurses can pursue Master of Nursing (MNurs), MPhil or PhD degrees, leading to academic or senior management careers.\n\n3. Management Courses: Nurses aspiring to become nursing officers, department operations managers or similar leadership roles can take master's programmes in healthcare management or service leadership. The HA also has internal training schemes to develop management talent.\n\n4. Advanced Practice Nurse (APN): Nurses in select specialties can undergo additional training to become APNs, with privileges to prescribe medications and manage cases independently — this is an advanced career pathway in the nursing profession."}],"payBasisZh":"醫管局及政府職系按公務員事務局／醫管局公布嘅薪級表支薪；私家醫院、診所同院舍由僱主自訂薪酬架構。本站不換算月薪估算。","payBasisEn":"HA and government posts are paid on the pay scale published by the Civil Service Bureau or Hospital Authority; private hospitals, clinics and care homes set their own structures. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["註冊護士：護士管理局註冊證明書（第I部）及有效執業證明書","登記護士：護士管理局登記證書（第I部）及有效執業證明書","完成管理局認可的護士訓練課程（學位／高級文憑或登記護士課程）","公營公務員職位另須符合當時招聘廣告的語文及《基本法及香港國安法》測試要求"],"entryEn":["Registered nurse: Nursing Council registration certificate (Part I) and a valid practising certificate","Enrolled nurse: enrolment certificate (Part I) and a valid practising certificate","Complete a Council-recognised nurse training programme","Civil-service posts also follow the language and BLNST requirements in the current recruitment advertisement"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"認可註冊護士課程 → 註冊及執業證明書","titleEn":"Recognised RN programme → registration and practising certificate","stepsZh":["文憑試後報讀護士管理局認可的註冊護士學士或高級文憑","畢業後向管理局申請註冊（第I部）","持有效執業證明書，才可以註冊護士身分執業","公營機構職位另按當時醫管局或公務員招聘條件"],"stepsEn":["After the HKDSE, enter a Nursing Council-recognised RN degree or higher diploma","Apply to the Council for Part I registration after graduation","Hold a valid practising certificate before practising as a registered nurse","Public-sector posts follow the current HA or civil-service advertisement"],"sourceIds":["nchk","edbLifePlanningNursing"]},{"titleZh":"登記護士訓練 → 其後可再升讀註冊護士","titleEn":"Enrolled-nurse training, with a later RN pathway","stepsZh":["完成管理局認可的登記護士課程","取得登記證書（第I部）及執業證明書","如要轉為註冊護士，須再完成認可註冊護士課程並另行註冊","這不是自動晉升，而是另一項法定資格"],"stepsEn":["Complete a Council-recognised enrolled-nurse programme","Obtain an enrolment certificate (Part I) and practising certificate","Moving to registered-nurse status requires a recognised RN programme and a separate registration","That step is another statutory qualification, not an automatic promotion"],"sourceIds":["nchk","edbLifePlanningNursing"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"登記護士","titleEn":"Enrolled nurse","noteZh":"教育局生涯規劃網站以公務員總薪級表及醫管局一般職系薪級表作參考。","noteEn":"EDB cites the Master Pay Scale and HA pay scale as references."},{"titleZh":"註冊護士","titleEn":"Registered nurse"},{"titleZh":"護士長／管理職系（公營）","titleEn":"Nursing officer / management grades (public sector)","noteZh":"私人機構職銜並非同一套表。","noteEn":"Private employers use different titles."}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"登記護士","titleEn":"Enrolled nurse"},{"titleZh":"註冊護士","titleEn":"Registered nurse"},{"titleZh":"護士長／管理職系（公營）","titleEn":"Nursing officer / management grades (public sector)"}],"sourceIds":["nchk","edbLifePlanningNursing"],"asOf":"2026-09-05"},{"slug":"registered-teacher","titleZh":"檢定教員／准用教員","titleEn":"Registered teacher / permitted teacher","industryZh":"教育及培訓","industryEn":"Education & training","sectorId":"education","ledeZh":"在學校任教，法律上必須是檢定教員或准用教員。有師資培訓與只有學歷、未受訓，是兩條不同的註冊路徑。","ledeEn":"Anyone teaching in a school must be a registered teacher or a permitted teacher. A trained teaching qualification and an academic qualification without teacher training are different statutory routes.","bodyZh":"做老師係好多青年人嘅夢想，喺香港投身教育事業，唔單止要熱愛教學，仲要符合法定嘅教員註冊要求，先可以合法喺學校任教。教育界嘅晉升路徑清晰，由入職老師到成為校長，每一步都有明確嘅發展空間。","bodyEn":"Becoming a teacher is a dream for many young people in Hong Kong. To pursue a career in education, you not only need a passion for teaching but must also meet the statutory teacher registration requirements to legally teach in schools. The education sector has a clear promotion pathway, from a newly hired teacher to becoming a principal, with clear development opportunities at every stage.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic registration requirements","bodyZh":"《教育條例》第42條規定，任何人士如果喺學校任教，一定要係檢定教員或者准用教員。准用教員適用於只持有學歷、未接受師資培訓嘅人，要先受僱於一間學校，由校監遞交表格10申請；而檢定教員就要持有教學資格（例如本港嘅教師證書或者學位教師教育文憑），符合香港永久性居民或者非永久性居民嘅入境要求，填寫表格8申請。不論邊種途徑，教育局嘅教員註冊先係合法任教嘅關鍵。","bodyEn":"Section 42 of the Education Ordinance requires anyone teaching in a school to be either a registered teacher or a permitted teacher. Permitted-teacher status is for those with academic qualifications but no teacher training; you must first be employed by a school, which submits Form 10 on your behalf. Registered-teacher status requires a teaching qualification (such as a local teacher's certificate or PGDE), plus you must be a Hong Kong permanent resident or a non-permanent resident holding valid immigration documents, applying via Form 8. Regardless of your pathway, the Education Bureau's teacher registration is the critical legal step to teach."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升前景","titleEn":"Salary and promotion prospects","bodyZh":"資助學校教師嘅薪酬按教育局公布嘅薪級表計算，該薪級表與公務員總薪級表掛鈎，設有起薪點、每年增薪點同頂薪點；官立學校教師屬公務員職系，另享公務員福利。學校唔可以自行加薪級，所以想提高待遇，一般要靠晉升或者轉職級。實際薪點同金額以教育局同公務員事務局公布嘅現行薪級表為準，本站唔列金額。\n\n晉升方面，由教師可以升為科主任、訓導主任或者課程主任，再上係副校長、校長；資深教師亦可以透過教育局嘅專業發展途徑，轉任課程發展或者教育顧問工作。","bodyEn":"Teachers in aided schools are paid on the scale published by the Education Bureau, which is linked to the civil service Master Pay Scale and has a starting point, annual increments and a maximum point. Teachers in government schools are civil servants and enjoy civil service benefits on top. A school cannot top up the scale, so better pay normally means promotion or a change of grade. Actual points and amounts are as set out in the current pay tables published by the Education Bureau and the Civil Service Bureau, and this site prints no amounts.\n\nProgression runs from teacher to panel head, discipline head or curriculum head, then vice-principal and principal, and experienced teachers can move into curriculum development or advisory work through Education Bureau professional development programmes."}],"sourceIds":["edbTeacherReg","csbAo2025","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-05","payBasisZh":"資助學校按教育局公布嘅薪級表支薪；官立學校按公務員薪級表，學校不能自行加薪級。現行薪點及金額以教育局／公務員事務局公布為準，本站不列金額。","payBasisEn":"Aided schools follow the Education Bureau pay scale; government schools follow the civil service scale, which schools cannot top up. Current points and amounts are as published by the Education Bureau and the Civil Service Bureau; this site prints no amounts.","entryZh":["在學校任教必須是檢定教員或准用教員","准用教員：高級文憑／副學士或同等學歷（中小學／專上），並須先獲學校僱用","檢定教員：持有教學資格（例如教師證書或學位教師教育文憑／證書）","非本地學歷須經評審局或其他指定評估"],"entryEn":["Teaching in a school requires registered-teacher or permitted-teacher status","Permitted teacher: higher diploma / associate degree or equivalent for primary, secondary or post-secondary teaching, and prior employment by a school","Registered teacher: a teaching qualification such as a teacher’s certificate or PGDE/PCEd","Non-local awards need HKCAAVQ or other specified assessment"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"師資培訓 → 檢定教員","titleEn":"Teacher training → registered teacher","stepsZh":["文憑試後入讀教育學士，或先讀學位再修學位教師教育文憑／證書","取得教學資格後填表格8申請檢定教員","非永久性居民須同時符合入境證明要求"],"stepsEn":["After the HKDSE, take a Bachelor of Education, or a degree plus a PGDE/PCEd","Apply as a registered teacher on Form 8 once the teaching qualification is held","Non-permanent residents must also meet the immigration-document rules"],"sourceIds":["edbTeacherReg"]},{"titleZh":"先入職再做准用教員（未受師訓）","titleEn":"Enter as a permitted teacher without teacher training","stepsZh":["取得高級文憑、副學士或更高學歷","獲學校僱用後，由校監遞交表格10","許可證只綁定該校；轉校須表格11","日後若完成師資培訓，可另申請檢定教員"],"stepsEn":["Hold a higher diploma, associate degree or a higher award","After a school employs you, the supervisor submits Form 10","The permit is tied to that school; Form 11 is needed to move","A later teaching qualification can support a registered-teacher application"],"sourceIds":["edbTeacherReg"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"准用教員","titleEn":"Permitted teacher","noteZh":"許可證隨離職取消。","noteEn":"The permit lapses when employment ends."},{"titleZh":"檢定教員","titleEn":"Registered teacher"},{"titleZh":"學校內晉升視乎僱主（主任、校長等）","titleEn":"In-school promotion depends on the employer","noteZh":"不是教育局教員註冊制度下的法定職級表。","noteEn":"Not a statutory grade table under teacher registration."}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"准用教員","titleEn":"Permitted teacher"},{"titleZh":"檢定教員","titleEn":"Registered teacher"},{"titleZh":"學校內晉升視乎僱主","titleEn":"In-school promotion depends on the employer"}]},{"slug":"administrative-officer","titleZh":"政務主任","titleEn":"Administrative Officer","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"政務主任是政府的政策與公共管理工作。2025/26 年度招聘以一級或二級榮譽學士學位為學歷門檻，並要通過綜合招聘考試、聯合招聘考試及《基本法及香港國安法》測試。","ledeEn":"Administrative Officers work on policy and public administration. The 2025/26 exercise required a first- or second-class honours degree, the Common Recruitment Examination, a joint recruitment examination, and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test.","bodyZh":"作為香港政府嘅核心管理職系，政務主任負責政策制定、資源調配同跨部門協調，會定期輪調到唔同政策局同部門，累積廣泛嘅公共行政經驗。呢個職系被視為政府嘅「管理通才」，晉升路徑清晰，係好多青年人投身公共服務嘅首選。","bodyEn":"As a core management grade in the Hong Kong Government, Administrative Officers are responsible for policy formulation, resource allocation and inter-departmental coordination. They are regularly posted to different bureaux and departments to accumulate extensive public administration experience. This grade is regarded as the government\"s \"generalist managers\" with a clear promotion pathway, making it a top choice for many young people joining the public service.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic entry requirements","bodyZh":"喺香港要做政務主任，必須符合公務員事務局訂立嘅入職要求，最核心嘅係要持有香港任何一所大學頒授嘅一級或二級榮譽學士學位，仲要喺綜合招聘考試（CRE）、聯合招聘考試同《基本法及香港國安法》測試全部及格。非永久性居民要持有指定入境證明先可以申請，獲聘時亦必須係香港永久性居民。","bodyEn":"To join the Administrative Officer grade in Hong Kong, you must meet the entry requirements set by the Civil Service Bureau. The core requirements include holding a first- or second-class honours bachelor's degree from a Hong Kong university, and passing all the necessary exams: the Common Recruitment Examination (CRE), the Joint Recruitment Examination, and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Non-permanent residents must hold specified immigration documents to apply, and you must be a Hong Kong permanent resident at the time of appointment."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升前景","titleEn":"Salary and promotion prospects","bodyZh":"政務主任屬公務員職系，按公務員事務局公布嘅總薪級表支薪，入職薪點會喺招聘公告寫明；升到首長級之後，就轉按首長級薪級表。試用期通常三年，表現滿意先轉常額。實際薪點同金額，以公務員事務局公布嘅現行薪酬表同招聘公告為準，本站唔抄列金額。\n\n晉升路線：政務主任 → 高級政務主任（首長級第 1 級）→ 首長級更高職級，包括副秘書長、常任秘書長甚至局長級官員。呢個職系極重視輪調經驗，喺唔同政策局同部門嘅表現，係決定晉升嘅主要因素。","bodyEn":"Administrative Officers are civil servants paid on the Master Pay Scale published by the Civil Service Bureau, and the entry point is stated in the recruitment notice; on reaching the directorate the post moves to the directorate pay scale. The probationary period is normally three years, with confirmation on satisfactory performance. Actual points and amounts are as published in the current Civil Service Bureau pay tables and recruitment notices, and this site prints no amounts.\n\nProgression runs: Administrative Officer → Senior Administrative Officer (Directorate Grade 1) → more senior directorate posts including Deputy Secretary, Permanent Secretary and bureau-head level. The grade attaches great weight to experience across postings, and performance in different bureaux and departments is the main factor in promotion."}],"payBasisZh":"按公務員事務局公布嘅總薪級表及首長級薪級表支薪，入職薪點見招聘公告；本站不列金額。","payBasisEn":"Paid on the Civil Service Bureau's Master Pay Scale and directorate scales, with the entry point stated in the recruitment notice; this site prints no amounts.","entryZh":["一級或二級榮譽學士學位，或整體相若的更高學位（以當時招聘廣告為準）","綜合招聘考試能力傾向測試及格，語文試卷二級或同等","聯合招聘考試及格","《基本法及香港國安法》測試（學位／專業程度職系）及格","獲聘時須已是香港特區永久性居民"],"entryEn":["First- or second-class honours bachelor’s degree, or a comparable higher degree (check the current advertisement)","CRE Aptitude Test pass and Level 2 or equivalent in the language papers","Pass in the joint recruitment examination","Pass in the BLNST (degree/professional grades)","Must be a Hong Kong permanent resident at appointment"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"榮譽學士 → CRE／聯合招聘考試 → 政務主任","titleEn":"Honours degree → CRE / joint exam → Administrative Officer","stepsZh":["文憑試後經 JUPAS 或其他途徑完成學士學位（該年度要求一級或二級榮譽）","應考綜合招聘考試；部分文憑試語文科第5級可等同語文試卷二級","在指定聯合招聘考試取得及格","通過面試等遴選後按公務員試用條款受聘，通常試用三年"],"stepsEn":["Complete a bachelor’s degree after the HKDSE (that exercise required first- or second-class honours)","Sit the CRE; HKDSE Level 5 in Chinese or English can equate to CRE language Level 2","Pass the joint recruitment examination","After interviews, appointment is usually on a three-year civil-service probation"],"sourceIds":["csbAo2025","edbPostsec"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"政務主任（總薪級表第27至44點，2025/26廣告）","titleEn":"Administrative Officer (MPS 27–44 in the 2025/26 advertisement)"},{"titleZh":"首長級及其他主要職位（最具才幹者）","titleEn":"Directorate and other senior posts for the strongest officers","noteZh":"事務局只作定性描述，沒有在該頁列出完整職級年期表。","noteEn":"The bureau describes this qualitatively; that page does not publish a full time-in-grade table."}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"政務主任","titleEn":"Administrative Officer (MPS 27–44 in the 2025/26 advertisement)"},{"titleZh":"首長級及其他主要職位","titleEn":"Directorate and other senior posts for the strongest officers"}],"sourceIds":["csbAo2025"],"asOf":"2025-10"},{"slug":"executive-officer","titleZh":"二級行政主任","titleEn":"Executive Officer II","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"行政主任專長資源與系統管理，調派到各政策局及部門。學士學位即可投考，不一定要榮譽等級——與政務主任不是同一條路。","ledeEn":"Executive Officers specialise in resource and systems management across bureaux and departments. A bachelor’s degree is enough to apply; honours class is not required — it is not the same path as Administrative Officer.","bodyZh":"二級行政主任係香港政府入面另一條重要嘅行政職系，同政務主任唔同，呢個職系專注喺資源管理同部門行政支援，入職門檻相對較低，唔需要榮譽學位就可以申請，係好多想投身公務員行列嘅青年人另一個理想選擇。","bodyEn":"Executive Officer II is another important administrative grade in the Hong Kong Government. Unlike the Administrative Officer grade, this role focuses on resource management and departmental administrative support, with a lower entry barrier that does not require an honours degree, making it an ideal alternative for many young people looking to join the civil service.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic entry requirements","bodyZh":"喺香港要做二級行政主任，必須符合公務員事務局嘅入職資格，只需要持有任何一所香港大學嘅學士學位或者同等學歷就可以申請，唔需要一級或二級榮譽。同樣要喺綜合招聘考試（CRE）、聯合招聘考試同《基本法及香港國安法》測試全部及格，語文試卷都要取得二級或同等成績。","bodyEn":"To join the Executive Officer II grade in Hong Kong, you must meet the Civil Service Bureau's entry qualifications. You only need to hold a bachelor's degree or equivalent from any Hong Kong university - an honours classification is not required. You must also pass all the necessary exams: the Common Recruitment Examination (CRE), the Joint Recruitment Examination, and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test, with Level 2 or equivalent in the language papers."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升前景","titleEn":"Salary and promotion prospects","bodyZh":"二級行政主任屬公務員職系，按公務員事務局公布嘅總薪級表支薪，入職薪點會喺招聘公告寫明，之後按年增薪點。試用期同樣三年，表現滿意先轉常額。實際薪點同金額，以公務員事務局公布嘅現行薪酬表同招聘公告為準，本站唔列金額。\n\n晉升路線：二級行政主任 → 一級行政主任 → 高級行政主任，再上係更高嘅行政同管理職位。晉升主要睇工作表現，同埋喺唔同崗位累積嘅經驗，所以調職經驗對長遠發展好重要。","bodyEn":"Executive Officer II is a civil service grade paid on the Master Pay Scale published by the Civil Service Bureau, with the entry point stated in the recruitment notice and annual increments thereafter. The probationary period is also three years, with confirmation on satisfactory performance. Actual points and amounts are as published in the current Civil Service Bureau pay tables and recruitment notices, and this site prints no amounts.\n\nProgression runs: Executive Officer II → Executive Officer I → Senior Executive Officer, then more senior administrative and management posts. Promotion turns mainly on performance and the experience gained across different postings, which makes variety of postings important for long-term development."}],"payBasisZh":"按公務員事務局公布嘅總薪級表支薪，入職薪點見招聘公告；本站不列金額。","payBasisEn":"Paid on the Civil Service Bureau's Master Pay Scale, with the entry point stated in the recruitment notice; this site prints no amounts.","entryZh":["學士學位或同等學歷","綜合招聘考試能力傾向測試及格，語文試卷二級或同等","聯合招聘考試及格","《基本法及香港國安法》測試及格"],"entryEn":["Bachelor’s degree or equivalent","CRE Aptitude Test pass and language papers at Level 2 or equivalent","Pass in the joint recruitment examination","Pass in the BLNST"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學士學位 → CRE／聯合招聘考試 → 二級行政主任","titleEn":"Bachelor’s degree → CRE / joint exam → Executive Officer II","stepsZh":["完成學士學位（不限學科，以廣告為準）","應考綜合招聘考試及聯合招聘考試","按公務員試用條款受聘"],"stepsEn":["Complete a bachelor’s degree (any discipline unless the advertisement says otherwise)","Sit the CRE and the joint recruitment examination","Appointment is on civil-service probation terms"],"sourceIds":["csbAo2025","edbPostsec"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"二級行政主任（總薪級表第15至27點，2025/26廣告）","titleEn":"Executive Officer II (MPS 15–27 in the 2025/26 advertisement)"},{"titleZh":"較高行政主任職級","titleEn":"Higher Executive Officer grades","noteZh":"該招聘頁沒有列出完整晉升年期，本站不補估。","noteEn":"The recruitment page does not publish a full promotion timetable."}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"二級行政主任","titleEn":"Executive Officer II (MPS 15–27 in the 2025/26 advertisement)"},{"titleZh":"較高行政主任職級","titleEn":"Higher Executive Officer grades"}],"sourceIds":["csbAo2025"],"asOf":"2025-10"},{"slug":"air-traffic-control-officer","titleZh":"航空交通管制主任","titleEn":"Air Traffic Control Officer","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"見習航空交通管制主任是公務員職系。教育局生涯規劃網站列明可以用文憑試五科第3級（其中一科為數學、地理、物理、資訊及通訊科技或航空學）投考，不是非要航空學士。","ledeEn":"Student Air Traffic Control Officer is a civil-service grade. The Education Bureau life-planning site lists an HKDSE route of five subjects at Level 3, including mathematics, geography, physics, ICT or aviation, rather than requiring an aviation degree.","bodyZh":"航空交通管制主任係負責維持香港空域安全有序嘅關鍵公務員職系，每日指揮數以千計架次嘅航班，確保航空交通流暢。呢個職業非常重視精準同責任心，適合對航空業有熱誠、數理基礎好嘅青年人。","bodyEn":"Air Traffic Control Officers are critical civil servants who maintain the safety and order of Hong Kong\"s airspace, managing thousands of flights daily to ensure smooth air traffic flow. This role demands precision and strong responsibility, making it ideal for young people passionate about aviation with strong mathematical and analytical skills.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic entry requirements","bodyZh":"要投考見習航空交通管制主任，首先要符合民航處訂立嘅入職學歷要求，有兩條主要路徑：文憑試五科第3級或以上，其中一定要包數學、地理、物理、資訊及通訊科技或航空學其中一科；舊制嘅高級程度會考亦都可以申請。語文方面要達到英語第3級、中文第2級，仲要能夠有效以英語溝通。作為公務員職位，亦必須喺《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格成績。","bodyEn":"To apply for Student Air Traffic Control Officer, you must first meet the entry qualifications set by the Civil Aviation Department. There are two main academic pathways: five HKDSE subjects at Level 3 or above, which must include at least one of mathematics, geography, physics, ICT or aviation; or the older A-level route. You must also meet language requirements of Level 3 in English and Level 2 in Chinese, with effective English communication skills. As a civil service post, you must also pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升前景","titleEn":"Salary and promotion prospects","bodyZh":"航空交通管制主任屬民航處公務員職系：見習期按見習職級薪級表支薪，正式成為三級航空交通管制主任之後，就轉按總薪級表，之後隨職級逐級上。實際薪點同金額，以民航處招聘公告同公務員事務局公布嘅現行薪酬表為準，本站唔列金額。因為機場二十四小時運作，管制員一定要輪班，包括通宵更，輪班津貼同逾時工作安排按部門規定另計。\n\n晉升路線清晰：見習 → 三級 → 二級 → 一級航空交通管制主任；資深者亦可以轉往培訓、航空安全或者技術標準範疇發展。","bodyEn":"Air traffic control officers belong to a Civil Aviation Department civil service grade: the student period is paid on the Training Pay Scale, and on becoming an Air Traffic Control Officer III the post moves to the Master Pay Scale and then up the ranks. Actual points and amounts are as published in CAD recruitment notices and the current Civil Service Bureau pay tables, and this site prints no amounts. Because the airport operates around the clock, controllers must work shifts including overnight, with shift allowances and overtime arrangements laid down by the department.\n\nProgression is clear: student → ATCO III → ATCO II → ATCO I, and experienced officers can move into training, aviation safety or technical standards work."}],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanningAviation","csbAo2025"],"asOf":"2026-09-05","payBasisZh":"民航處公務員職系：見習職級薪級表 → 總薪級表，現行薪點及金額以民航處招聘公告及公務員事務局公布為準；本站只列總薪級表兩端，唔會由薪級表推一個入職薪點出嚟。","payBasisEn":"A CAD civil service grade: Training Pay Scale, then the Master Pay Scale. Current points and amounts are as published in CAD recruitment notices and by the Civil Service Bureau; this site prints only the two ends of the Master Pay Scale and never infers a post's entry point.","entryZh":["文憑試五科第3級，其中一科為數學、地理、物理、ICT 或航空學；或舊制同等學歷","英國語文第3級、中國語文第2級或同等","能有效以英語溝通","公務員職位：基本法及香港國安法測試及格"],"entryEn":["Five HKDSE subjects at Level 3 including mathematics, geography, physics, ICT or aviation; or the older equivalent","English at Level 3 and Chinese at Level 2, or equivalent","Communicate effectively in English","Civil-service posts: BLNST pass"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"文憑試指定科目 → 見習航空交通管制主任","titleEn":"HKDSE with a specified subject → Student ATCO","stepsZh":["在文憑試取得五科第3級，包括數學、地理、物理、ICT 或航空學其中一科","達到中英語文要求","投考見習航空交通管制主任，接受管制等級及飛行訓練"],"stepsEn":["Obtain five HKDSE Level 3s, including one of mathematics, geography, physics, ICT or aviation","Meet the Chinese and English requirements","Apply as Student ATCO and complete rating and flying training"],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanningAviation"]},{"titleZh":"航空相關副學位（加分進修，非唯一門檻）","titleEn":"Aviation sub-degree as additional study, not the only gate","stepsZh":["可修讀教育局列出的航空學高級文憑或機場營運副學士等","這些課程有助準備行業，但該頁的法定入職學歷仍以文憑試／舊制會考路徑為準","仍須通過政府招聘及訓練"],"stepsEn":["You may take an aviation higher diploma or airport-operations associate degree listed by EDB","Those courses help with the industry; the page’s entry academic rule remains the HKDSE / A-level route","Government recruitment and training still apply"],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanningAviation"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習航空交通管制主任","titleEn":"Student Air Traffic Control Officer"},{"titleZh":"三級航空交通管制主任","titleEn":"Air Traffic Control Officer III"},{"titleZh":"二級航空交通管制主任","titleEn":"Air Traffic Control Officer II"},{"titleZh":"一級航空交通管制主任","titleEn":"Air Traffic Control Officer I"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習","titleEn":"Student Air Traffic Control Officer"},{"titleZh":"三級","titleEn":"Air Traffic Control Officer III"},{"titleZh":"二級","titleEn":"Air Traffic Control Officer II"},{"titleZh":"一級","titleEn":"Air Traffic Control Officer I"}]},{"slug":"aircraft-maintenance","titleZh":"飛機維修（HKAR-66 執照）","titleEn":"Aircraft maintenance (HKAR-66 licence)","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"要在香港簽發適航放行，關鍵是民航處 HKAR-66 飛機維修執照，再配合 HKAR-145 維修機構的授權。學徒、認可課程或工程學位，對應不同年期的經驗要求。","ledeEn":"Certifying release to service in Hong Kong is built on a CAD HKAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence, used with a HKAR-145 organisation’s authorisation. Apprenticeship, approved courses or an engineering degree change how many years of experience you need.","bodyZh":"飛機維修係航空業入面不可或缺嘅專業技術崗位，負責確保每架航班嘅飛行安全，要考取民航處嘅HKAR-66飛機維修執照先可以獨立簽發適航放行。呢個行業對技術能力要求高，發展前景穩定，適合對工程同機械有興趣嘅青年人。","bodyEn":"Aircraft maintenance is an indispensable technical role in Hong Kong\"s aviation industry, responsible for ensuring the flight safety of every flight. You must obtain a CAD HKAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence before you can independently certify release to service. This sector demands strong technical skills, offers stable career prospects, and is ideal for young people interested in engineering and mechanics.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic entry requirements","bodyZh":"要喺香港成為合資格嘅飛機維修人員，首先要考取民航處嘅HKAR-66飛機維修執照，呢個係簽發適航放行嘅法定要求。執照分機械同航空電子兩大類，仲有A、B1、B2、B3、C唔同類別，對應唔同複雜程度嘅維修工作。以B1/B2類別為例，如果完成咗HKAR-147核准嘅基礎訓練課程，只需要累積2年相關經驗就可以申請；如果冇正規訓練，就要5年經驗。無論邊個路徑，都要通過民航處嘅模組考試，每卷一般要考到75分以上。","bodyEn":"To become a qualified aircraft maintenance technician in Hong Kong, you first need to obtain the Civil Aviation Department's (CAD) HKAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence, which is the legal requirement to certify release to service. The licence is divided into mechanical and avionic categories, with different classes (A, B1, B2, B3, C) corresponding to varying levels of maintenance complexity. For B1/B2 categories, if you've completed a HKAR-147 approved basic training course, you only need 2 years of relevant experience to apply; without formal training, you'll need 5 years. Regardless of your pathway, you must pass all CAD module exams, generally scoring at least 75% per paper."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升前景","titleEn":"Salary and promotion prospects","bodyZh":"飛機維修冇法定薪級，薪酬由航空公司同維修機構（MRO）自訂，主要睇三樣：揸住邊類 HKAR-66 執照（A 類簽證，抑或 B1／B2 類工程師）、更制（基地、外站、通宵更）、同埋有冇外派或站點津貼。同一間公司內部，由技工升到持牌工程師，待遇級數通常會明顯拉開，但實際數字各公司唔同。因此本站唔列月薪估算，睇招聘廣告時要問清楚底薪、輪班同外站津貼、超時補水同執照津貼。\n\n晉升路線：飛機維修技工 → 核准簽證技術員 → 持牌飛機維修工程師（LAME）；資深工程師可以轉做維修中心嘅管理人員，負責團隊管理同品質控制。","bodyEn":"Aircraft maintenance has no statutory pay scale. Pay is set by airlines and maintenance organisations (MROs) and depends mainly on the HKAR-66 licence held (Category A certification, or B1/B2 engineer), the working pattern (base, line station, overnight) and whether overseas or station allowances apply. Within one company the jump from mechanic to licensed engineer is usually marked, but the figures differ from employer to employer. This site therefore prints no monthly estimate; when reading an advertisement, ask about the base rate, shift and station allowances, overtime and licence allowances.\n\nProgression runs: aircraft maintenance mechanic → approved maintenance technician → licensed aircraft maintenance engineer (LAME), with experienced engineers moving into maintenance-centre management, team leadership and quality control."}],"sourceIds":["cadHkar66","edbLifePlanningAviation"],"asOf":"2026-09-05","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由航空公司或維修機構按 HKAR-66 執照類別、更制及外站津貼自訂，本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Airlines and MROs set pay by HKAR-66 licence category, working pattern and station allowances; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["向民航處應考 HKAR-66 相應模組（一般須每卷 75% 或以上）","累積該類別規定的相關實務維修經驗","在 HKAR-145 機構取得認證授權，才通常可以簽放行","機型簽署還須額外機型訓練及經驗"],"entryEn":["Pass the relevant HKAR-66 modules with CAD (generally 75% or above per paper)","Build the practical maintenance experience required for that category","A HKAR-145 certification authorisation is usually what confers release privileges","Type ratings need extra type training and experience"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"HKAR-147 核准基礎訓練 → 較短經驗年期 → B1／B2","titleEn":"HKAR-147 approved basic training → shorter experience → B1/B2","stepsZh":["報讀民航處 HKAR-147 核准的飛機維修基礎課程（例如職業訓練局相關高級文憑，須核對是否仍屬核准名單）","完成後按 HKAR-66，B1／B2 相關經驗可減至 2 年","通過模組考試後申請執照，再在 HKAR-145 機構取授權"],"stepsEn":["Take a CAD HKAR-147 approved basic aircraft-maintenance course (check whether a VTC higher diploma is still on the approved list)","B1/B2 related experience can fall to two years after that course","After module exams, apply for the licence, then obtain a HKAR-145 authorisation"],"sourceIds":["cadHkar66","edbLifePlanningAviation"]},{"titleZh":"相關工程學位 → 3 年經驗路徑","titleEn":"Relevant engineering degree → three-year experience path","stepsZh":["取得民航處接受的相關工程學位","完成民航處接受的訓練，並累積 3 年相關經驗（B1.1／B1.3／B2 所述路徑）","學位本身不等於執照；C 類另有管理維修的經驗規定"],"stepsEn":["Hold an engineering degree in a discipline acceptable to CAD","Complete acceptable training and three years’ relevant experience (the B1.1/B1.3/B2 path)","The degree is not itself the licence; Category C has separate base-maintenance experience rules"],"sourceIds":["cadHkar66"]},{"titleZh":"無核准課程：以年資應考","titleEn":"No approved course: qualify on experience","stepsZh":["A 類：無正規訓練需 3 年相關經驗","B1／B2：無正規訓練需 5 年相關經驗","仍須通過相應模組考試"],"stepsEn":["Category A: three years’ relevant experience with no formal training","Category B1/B2: five years with no formal training","The matching module examinations are still required"],"sourceIds":["cadHkar66"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"A 類：航線維修核準技工","titleEn":"Category A: line maintenance certifying mechanic"},{"titleZh":"B1／B2／B3：航線／輕型飛機核準工程師","titleEn":"Category B1/B2/B3: line or simple-light-aeroplane certifying engineer"},{"titleZh":"C 類：基地維修核準工程師","titleEn":"Category C: base maintenance certifying engineer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"A 類","titleEn":"Category A: line maintenance certifying mechanic"},{"titleZh":"B1／B2／B3","titleEn":"Category B1/B2/B3: line or simple-light-aeroplane certifying engineer"},{"titleZh":"C 類","titleEn":"Category C: base maintenance certifying engineer"}]},{"slug":"remote-pilot","titleZh":"小型無人機遙控駕駛員","titleEn":"Small unmanned aircraft remote pilot","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"這不是「買部航拍機就可以做職業」。操作較重或較高風險的小型無人機，須按《小型無人機令》註冊；進階操作還要在民航處認可機構受訓並取得進階等級。","ledeEn":"This is not “buy a camera drone and you have a career”. Higher-mass or higher-risk small unmanned aircraft operations require registration under the Small Unmanned Aircraft Order; advanced operations also need training at a CAD-approved organisation and an advanced rating.","bodyZh":"小型無人機遙控駕駛員係香港近年興起嘅新興職業，廣泛應用喺航拍、測量、基建檢查、物流配送等唔多行業。要合法操作商業用途嘅無人機，一定要符合民航處《小型無人機令》嘅所有註冊同培訓要求，先可以提供專業服務。","bodyEn":"Small unmanned aircraft remote pilots are an emerging profession in Hong Kong, widely used in industries like aerial photography, surveying, infrastructure inspection, and logistics delivery. To legally operate commercial drones, you must meet all registration and training requirements under the Civil Aviation Department\"s Small Unmanned Aircraft Order before you can provide professional services.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic registration requirements","bodyZh":"民航處將無人機操作按重量同風險分成標準操作同進階操作。基本要求係：遙控駕駛員要年滿14歲，負責人要年滿18歲，雙方都要喺SUA一站通完成註冊，無人機本身都要註冊同貼上民航處標籤。如果要做進階操作（例如超出甲1/甲2類限制、乙類/丙類操作、運載危險品、飛入限制飛行區），就先要喺民航處認可嘅培訓機構完成進階課程同考核，攞到進階等級，仲要喺飛行前申請民航處嘅操作許可。","bodyEn":"CAD divides drone operations into standard and advanced categories based on weight and risk. Basic requirements: remote pilots must be at least 14 years old, responsible persons at least 18, both must register on the SUA portal, and the drone itself must be registered and labelled with a CAD tag. For advanced operations (such as exceeding Category A1/A2 limits, Category B/C operations, carrying dangerous goods, or flying into restricted airspace), you must first complete advanced training and assessment at a CAD-approved organization, obtain an advanced rating, and apply for CAD operating permission before flight."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升前景","titleEn":"Salary and promotion prospects","bodyZh":"遙控飛機師冇法定薪級，收入模式好散：有公司僱員制、有項目計、亦有自由身逐單報價，同一個工種可以有幾種計法。項目計嘅多數按飛行時數、場地難度同後期製作工作量報價；受僱嘅就按更制同津貼計，外勤或者偏遠地區項目通常另加。因為收費差異太大，本站唔列收入估算；睇合約時要問清楚計價方式（逐單定逐日）、器材由邊一方提供、保險同第三者責任誰屬，同埋有冇飛行時數上限。\n\n發展方向：由操作員做到項目主管、安全主任（負責風險評估同許可申請），或者公司內部嘅飛行標準管理。","bodyEn":"Remote pilots have no statutory pay scale and the payment models vary widely: some are salaried employees, some are paid per project and some freelance per job. Project work is usually quoted by flight hours, site difficulty and post-production effort, while employed pilots are paid by working pattern with allowances, often higher for fieldwork or remote sites. Because rates vary so much this site prints no income estimate; when reading a contract, ask how the work is priced (per job or per day), who provides the equipment, who carries insurance and third-party liability, and whether any cap on flight hours applies.\n\nCareer direction: operator → project lead, safety officer handling risk assessment and permits, or in-house flight standards management."}],"sourceIds":["cadSua","edbLifePlanningAviation"],"asOf":"2026-09-05","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。多為項目計、逐單報價或受僱更制，由客戶或僱主逐單議定，本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Work is mostly priced per project, per job or on a salaried roster and agreed case by case; this site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["遙控駕駛員年滿 14 歲並在 SUA 一站通註冊","進階操作：認可機構進階培訓及考核，遙控駕駛員證書編配進階等級","進階操作飛行前須有民航處操作許可","按類別購買指明最低保額的第三者責任保險（以民航處當時文本為準）"],"entryEn":["Remote pilots aged 14 or over must register on the SUA portal","Advanced operations: approved advanced training and an advanced rating on the certificate","CAD operating permission before advanced flights","Third-party insurance at the stated minimum for the category (follow the current CAD text)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"註冊遙控駕駛員（標準等級）","titleEn":"Registered remote pilot (standard rating)","stepsZh":["在 SUA 一站通完成遙控駕駛員註冊，證書預設標準等級","只在適用的標準操作限制內飛行","證書有效期最長三年，續期規則見民航處安全規定文件"],"stepsEn":["Register as a remote pilot on the SUA portal; the certificate defaults to a standard rating","Stay inside the applicable standard-operation limits","Certificates last up to three years; renewal follows CAD’s safety requirements document"],"sourceIds":["cadSua"]},{"titleZh":"認可進階培訓 → 進階等級 → 可做進階操作相關工作","titleEn":"Approved advanced training → advanced rating → advanced operations work","stepsZh":["在民航處認可培訓機構完成進階課程及考核","由機構向民航處推薦，在證書上編配進階等級","按許可條件執行進階操作（測量、拍攝等視乎僱主）"],"stepsEn":["Complete advanced training and assessment at a CAD-approved organisation","The organisation recommends CAD assign an advanced rating on the certificate","Carry out advanced operations under the permission (surveying, filming and so on depend on the employer)"],"sourceIds":["cadSua","edbLifePlanningAviation"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"標準等級遙控駕駛員","titleEn":"Remote pilot, standard rating"},{"titleZh":"進階等級遙控駕駛員","titleEn":"Remote pilot, advanced rating"},{"titleZh":"其後職銜視乎僱主（測量、媒體、工程檢查等）","titleEn":"Later job titles depend on the employer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"標準等級","titleEn":"Remote pilot, standard rating"},{"titleZh":"進階等級","titleEn":"Remote pilot, advanced rating"},{"titleZh":"僱主職銜","titleEn":"Employer-defined job titles"}]},{"slug":"chinese-medicine-practitioner","titleZh":"註冊中醫","titleEn":"Registered Chinese medicine practitioner","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"要在香港作中醫執業，須完成中醫組認可的本科訓練，通過中醫執業資格試，再申請註冊證明書及執業證明書。","ledeEn":"To practise Chinese medicine in Hong Kong you must complete a Chinese Medicine Practitioners Board-recognised undergraduate programme, pass the licensing examination, then apply for a registration certificate and a practising certificate.","bodyZh":"中醫係香港獨特嘅傳統醫療行業，從事呢個專業除咗要對中醫藥理論同臨床實踐有紮實基礎，仲要嚴格符合香港中醫藥管理委員會嘅法定註冊要求，先可以合法執業，為市民提供專業嘅中醫醫療服務。","bodyEn":"Chinese medicine is a unique traditional healthcare profession in Hong Kong. To practise legally, you need a solid foundation in Chinese medicine theory and clinical practice, and must meet the statutory registration requirements set by the Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong to provide professional Chinese medicine services to the public.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic registration requirements","bodyZh":"香港中醫藥管理委員會中醫組負責監管所有中醫師嘅註冊同執業，《中醫藥條例》第61條訂明，要成為註冊中醫，一定要完成中醫組認可嘅中醫執業訓練本科學位課程（或認可嘅相當課程），跟住通過中醫執業資格試，先可以申請註冊證明書同執業證明書。考試分第I部分筆試同第II部分臨床考試，筆試合格先可以報考臨床部分，筆試合格成績保留5年。","bodyEn":"The Chinese Medicine Practitioners Board oversees all Chinese medicine practitioner registrations. Under Section 61 of the Chinese Medicine Ordinance, to become a registered practitioner, you must complete a Board-recognised undergraduate Chinese medicine programme (or equivalent), pass the licensing examination, and apply for a registration certificate and practising certificate. The exam has a written Part I and clinical Part II; you must pass the written exam first, and your written pass remains valid for five years."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升前景","titleEn":"Salary and promotion prospects","bodyZh":"註冊中醫嘅薪酬取決於僱主。公營體系（醫管局中醫診所、三方協作中醫教研中心）按政府公布嘅薪級表支薪；私人中醫診所就多數用「底薪＋拆帳」，或者按診金分帳，比例由診所自訂。自己開診所嘅，收入要扣埋租金、藥材同人手成本，差異可以好大。所以本站唔列月薪估算，傾僱傭條件時要問清楚底薪、拆帳比例、診金定價同成本分擔。\n\n發展方向：可以由受僱中醫做到診所主管、中醫部門主管；亦可以自己開診所，或者轉往中醫藥研究同教育工作。","bodyEn":"Pay depends on the employer. Practitioners in the public system (Hospital Authority Chinese medicine clinics and tripartite teaching and research centres) are paid on the government pay scale, while private clinics usually use a base rate plus a share of consultation income, with the split set by the clinic. For those running their own clinic, income has to cover rent, herbs and staff costs, so outcomes vary widely. This site therefore prints no monthly estimate; when negotiating terms, ask about the base rate, the share arrangement, how consultation fees are set and who carries the costs.\n\nCareer direction: employed practitioner → clinic manager or head of a Chinese medicine department, or self-employment in a private clinic, or a move into Chinese medicine research and teaching."}],"payBasisZh":"公營機構按政府公布嘅薪級表支薪；私家診所多為「底薪＋拆帳」，比例由診所自訂；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"Public-sector posts follow the government pay scale; private clinics mostly use a base rate plus a share of fees set by the clinic; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["完成中醫組認可的中醫執業訓練本科學位或相當課程","通過中醫執業資格試（筆試及臨床）","向中醫組申請註冊證明書及執業證明書"],"entryEn":["Complete a Board-recognised undergraduate Chinese-medicine programme or recognised equivalent","Pass the licensing examination (written and clinical)","Apply for a registration certificate and a practising certificate"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"認可中醫本科 → 執業資格試 → 註冊及執業證明書","titleEn":"Recognised CM undergraduate degree → licensing exam → registration","stepsZh":["文憑試後入讀中醫組認可的中醫本科學位","畢業後在指定申請期報考執業資格試","先合格筆試，再應考臨床考試","向中醫組申請註冊及執業證明書"],"stepsEn":["After the HKDSE, enter a Board-recognised Chinese-medicine bachelor’s degree","Apply for the licensing examination in the published window","Pass the written papers before the clinical examination","Apply to the Board for registration and a practising certificate"],"sourceIds":["cmchkExam"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"考生／畢業生","titleEn":"Candidate / graduate"},{"titleZh":"註冊中醫（持執業證明書）","titleEn":"Registered Chinese medicine practitioner with a practising certificate"},{"titleZh":"診所或機構內職銜視乎僱主","titleEn":"Clinic or institutional titles depend on the employer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"考生","titleEn":"Candidate / graduate"},{"titleZh":"註冊中醫","titleEn":"Registered Chinese medicine practitioner with a practising certificate"},{"titleZh":"僱主職銜","titleEn":"Employer-defined titles"}],"sourceIds":["cmchkExam"],"asOf":"2026-09-05"},{"slug":"registered-social-worker","titleZh":"註冊社會工作者","titleEn":"Registered social worker","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","ledeZh":"以社工職位執業，須向社會工作者註冊局註冊。主路徑是持有註冊局認可的社會工作學位或文憑。","ledeEn":"Practising in a social-work post requires registration with the Social Workers Registration Board. The main path is a Board-recognised social-work degree or diploma.","bodyZh":"社工係香港社會服務體系入面非常重要嘅一環，專門幫助有需要嘅個人、家庭同社區解決各種社會問題，要成為註冊社工一定要符合社會工作者註冊局嘅法定要求，先可以合法執業，履行呢個專業嘅社會責任。","bodyEn":"Social workers are a critical part of Hong Kong\"s social welfare system, dedicated to helping individuals, families, and communities resolve various social challenges. To practise legally, you must meet the statutory registration requirements set by the Social Workers Registration Board to uphold the professional responsibilities of this role.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic registration requirements","bodyZh":"社會工作者註冊局將註冊社工分為第1類同第2類：第1類主要係持有註冊局認可嘅社會工作學位或文憑，符合法定註冊資格直接申請；第2類適用於暫未持有第1類資格，但已經獲聘或者接納擔任社工職位嘅人士，要喺註冊局規定嘅合理時間內完成認可學歷，先可以轉為第1類註冊。無論係邊一類，都要每年續期同提交相關證明，維持有效註冊。","bodyEn":"The Social Workers Registration Board divides registered social workers into two categories: Category 1 is for holders of a Board-recognised social work degree or diploma who meet the statutory requirements for direct registration. Category 2 is for those who do not yet hold Category 1 qualifications but have been employed or accepted for a social work post; they must complete the recognised qualification within the Board's specified timeframe to upgrade to Category 1. All registrants must renew their registration annually and submit required documentation to maintain valid status."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升前景","titleEn":"Salary and promotion prospects","bodyZh":"社工嘅薪酬取決於僱主。社會福利署屬公務員職系，按公務員事務局公布嘅總薪級表支薪；非政府機構（NGO）就按機構自己嘅職級表，多數同政府薪級表掛鈎，實際水平視乎資助模式（整筆撥款抑或項目資助）同機構規模。所以同一個職銜，喺唔同機構可以有差別，本站唔列月薪估算；睇招聘時要問清楚職級對應嘅薪級、增薪安排、約滿酬金同強積金。\n\n發展方向：前線社工 → 單位主管 → 服務督導／服務經理 → 機構高層管理；亦可以轉往社會政策研究同倡議工作。","bodyEn":"Pay depends on the employer. The Social Welfare Department is a civil service grade paid on the Master Pay Scale published by the Civil Service Bureau, while NGOs follow their own grade structures, usually linked to the government scale and depending on the funding model (lump-sum grant or project funding) and the size of the organisation. The same job title can therefore be paid differently across organisations, so this site prints no monthly estimate; when reading an advertisement, ask which pay scale the grade maps to, how increments work, and about terminal gratuities and MPF.\n\nCareer direction: frontline social worker → unit supervisor → service coordinator or service manager → senior management, or a move into social policy research and advocacy."}],"payBasisZh":"社署按公務員事務局公布嘅總薪級表支薪；NGO 按機構職級表（多數與政府薪級表掛鈎，視乎資助模式）。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"The SWD follows the Civil Service Bureau's Master Pay Scale; NGOs follow their own grade structures, usually linked to the government scale and depending on the funding model. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["第1類：註冊局認可的社會工作學位或文憑","第2類：已任職或獲接納任職社工職位，並須限期內取得認可學歷","認可課程名單以註冊局公布為準"],"entryEn":["Category 1: a Board-recognised social-work degree or diploma","Category 2: already in or accepted for a social-work post, with a deadline to obtain a recognised award","Recognised programmes are whatever the Board publishes"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"認可社工學位／文憑 → 第1類註冊","titleEn":"Recognised social-work degree or diploma → Category 1","stepsZh":["文憑試後報讀註冊局認可的社會工作學士或文憑","畢業後向註冊局申請第1類註冊","受僱於社署、非政府機構或其他社工職位"],"stepsEn":["After the HKDSE, enter a Board-recognised Bachelor or diploma in social work","Apply to the Board for Category 1 registration after graduation","Work in SWD, an NGO, or another social-work post"],"sourceIds":["swrb"]},{"titleZh":"先入職第2類，再補認可學歷","titleEn":"Enter on Category 2, then complete a recognised award","stepsZh":["獲社工職位僱用或接納","以第2類註冊，並按註冊局規定提交進修計劃及報讀證明","取得認可學位或文憑後轉為第1類"],"stepsEn":["Obtain or be accepted for a social-work post","Register in Category 2 and file the study plan and enrolment proof the Board requires","Move to Category 1 after the recognised degree or diploma"],"sourceIds":["swrb"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"註冊社工（第2類）","titleEn":"Registered social worker (Category 2)"},{"titleZh":"註冊社工（第1類）","titleEn":"Registered social worker (Category 1)"},{"titleZh":"機構內主任、督導等職銜視乎僱主","titleEn":"Officer and supervisor titles depend on the employer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"第2類","titleEn":"Registered social worker (Category 2)"},{"titleZh":"第1類","titleEn":"Registered social worker (Category 1)"},{"titleZh":"僱主職銜","titleEn":"Employer-defined senior titles"}],"sourceIds":["swrb","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-05"},{"slug":"pharmacist","titleZh":"藥劑師","titleEn":"Pharmacist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"在香港以藥劑師身分執業，須先向藥劑業及毒藥管理局註冊。本地港大／中大藥劑學學位與非本地資格是兩條不同路徑。","ledeEn":"Practising as a pharmacist in Hong Kong requires registration with the Pharmacy and Poisons Board. A local HKU/CUHK pharmacy degree and a non-local qualification are different routes.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic registration requirements","bodyZh":"除《藥劑業及毒藥條例》另有規定外，擬在香港以藥劑師身分執業的人，須先向藥劑業及毒藥管理局註冊，並令管理局信納其身分及良好品格。","bodyEn":"Unless the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance provides otherwise, anyone intending to practise as a pharmacist in Hong Kong must first register with the Pharmacy and Poisons Board and satisfy the Board as to identity and good character."},{"titleZh":"學歷資格準則","titleEn":"Academic qualification criteria","bodyZh":"申請人須符合以下其中一項學歷要求：（a）在香港大學或香港中文大學修畢全日制課程後，持有該大學頒授的藥劑學學位；或（b）非本地申請人須完成不少於三個完整學年的全日制藥劑學大專教育（或同等學歷），並通常已在完成教育的國家註冊為藥劑師，或已取得註冊為藥劑師的專業資格。","bodyEn":"Qualification is either (a) a full-time pharmacy degree from the University of Hong Kong or the Chinese University of Hong Kong, or (b) for non-local applicants, at least three full academic years of full-time tertiary pharmacy education (or equivalent), usually with pharmacist registration or eligibility in the country where the education was completed."},{"titleZh":"考試豁免安排","titleEn":"Exam exemption arrangements","bodyZh":"所有申請人原則上須通過管理局三科筆試：「香港藥劑法例」、「藥劑執業」及「藥理學」，各科以英文進行。但持有港大或中大藥劑學學位的畢業生，可獲管理局酌情豁免全部考試，呢是本地畢業生的一大優勢。","bodyEn":"Applicants must pass three Board written papers in English: Hong Kong Pharmacy Legislation, Pharmacy Practice, and Pharmacology. However, holders of HKU or CUHK pharmacy degrees may be exempted from all three papers at the Board’s discretion — a key advantage for local graduates."},{"titleZh":"註冊前實習要求","titleEn":"Pre-registration training requirements","bodyZh":"唔考慮學歷來源，所有申請人都要完成認可訓練先可以正式註冊：本地港大／中藥劑學學位持有人，須在香港接受管理局認可訓練，為期通常一年（可享不多於四星期假期）。非本地申請人則須已在完成課程的國家或另一國家，接受相關註冊前訓練及／或具備註冊後經驗，合計不少於一年，當中包括合計不少於六個月直接為病人提供護理服務（社區或醫院藥房）的經驗。如果訓練或病人護理經驗不足，管理局可酌情准許先應考，但註冊前仍要補足所有認可訓練。","bodyEn":"Regardless of academic origin, all applicants must complete approved training before full registration. Local HKU/CUHK graduates must complete Board-approved training in Hong Kong, normally one year (with not more than four weeks’ leave). Non-local applicants need at least one year of relevant pre-registration training and/or post-registration experience, including at least six months of direct patient care. Shortfalls may allow sitting exams early, but all training must be completed before registration."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升前景","titleEn":"Salary and promotion prospects","bodyZh":"藥劑師嘅薪酬取決於僱主。醫管局按政府公布嘅薪級表支薪；私人連鎖藥房、跨國藥廠、批發商同社區藥房就由僱主自訂，會視乎更制、店舖營業時間、銷售或者業務指標，部分會加入佣金或獎金。同一張註冊資格，唔同僱主嘅待遇結構可以完全唔同，所以本站唔列月薪估算；睇招聘時要問清楚底薪、佣金或獎金計法、夜更同假日安排、強積金同在職進修支援。\n\n晉升路線：初級藥劑師 → 高級藥劑師 → 總藥劑師（負責整間醫院或聯網嘅藥房運作）；私營機構可以升做藥房總監或者地區業務經理；專業路線則可以成為臨床藥劑專家，專責特定科別（例如腫瘤科、兒科）嘅用藥管理。","bodyEn":"Pharmacists' pay depends on the employer. Hospital Authority posts follow the government pay scale, while private chains, multinational pharmaceutical companies, wholesalers and community pharmacies set their own, taking account of working patterns, opening hours and sales or business targets, sometimes with commission or bonus. The same registration can lead to entirely different reward structures, so this site prints no monthly estimate; when reading an advertisement, ask about the base rate, how commission or bonus is calculated, night and holiday arrangements, MPF and support for continuing education.\n\nProgression: junior pharmacist → senior pharmacist → chief pharmacist running a hospital or cluster pharmacy service; in the private sector, pharmacy director or regional business manager; on the professional track, clinical pharmacy specialist managing medicines in a specific specialty such as oncology or paediatrics."}],"payBasisZh":"醫管局按政府公布嘅薪級表支薪；私營僱主（連鎖藥房、藥廠、批發商、社區藥房）自訂，可能含佣金或獎金。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"HA posts follow the government pay scale; private employers (chains, pharmaceutical companies, wholesalers, community pharmacies) set their own terms, sometimes with commission or bonus. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["令管理局信納身分及良好品格","港大／中大全日制藥劑學學位；或合資格的非本地藥劑學學歷（通常已在當地註冊或具註冊資格）","通過管理局三科筆試，或獲酌情豁免（本地港大／中大學位通常可豁免）","完成管理局認可訓練／經驗（本地通常一年；非本地合計一年，含六個月病人護理）"],"entryEn":["Satisfy the Board as to identity and good character","A full-time HKU/CUHK pharmacy degree, or an eligible non-local pharmacy award (usually with local registration or eligibility)","Pass three Board written papers, or obtain discretionary exemption (common for local HKU/CUHK degrees)","Complete Board-approved training/experience (normally one year locally; one year total for non-local, including six months’ patient care)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"港大／中大藥劑學學位 → 認可實習 → 註冊","titleEn":"HKU/CUHK pharmacy degree → approved training → registration","stepsZh":["修畢港大或中大全日制藥劑學學位","通常獲酌情豁免管理局三科筆試","在香港完成管理局認可訓練（通常一年）","向管理局申請註冊為藥劑師"],"stepsEn":["Complete a full-time pharmacy degree at HKU or CUHK","Usually obtain discretionary exemption from the three Board papers","Complete Board-approved training in Hong Kong (normally one year)","Apply to the Board for registration as a pharmacist"],"sourceIds":["ppbQualifications"]},{"titleZh":"非本地藥劑資格 → 考試 → 補足訓練／經驗 → 註冊","titleEn":"Non-local pharmacy qualification → exams → top-up training → registration","stepsZh":["完成不少於三個完整學年的全日制藥劑學大專教育（或同等），並通常已在當地註冊或具註冊資格","證明註冊前訓練及／或註冊後經驗合計不少於一年，含六個月病人護理；不足者可能要補足","通過「香港藥劑法例」「藥劑執業」「藥理學」三科筆試","向管理局申請註冊"],"stepsEn":["Complete at least three full academic years of full-time tertiary pharmacy education (or equivalent), usually with registration or eligibility abroad","Show at least one year of pre-/post-registration training or experience, including six months’ patient care; top up if short","Pass the three Board papers in legislation, practice, and pharmacology","Apply to the Board for registration"],"sourceIds":["ppbQualifications"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"註冊藥劑師","titleEn":"Registered pharmacist"},{"titleZh":"機構內主管職銜視乎僱主","titleEn":"Senior titles depend on the employer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"註冊藥劑師","titleEn":"Registered pharmacist"},{"titleZh":"僱主職銜","titleEn":"Employer-defined senior titles"}],"sourceIds":["ppbQualifications","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-11"},{"slug":"doctor","titleZh":"註冊醫生","titleEn":"Registered doctor","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"在香港執業須向醫務委員會註冊。港大／中大醫科畢業生與其他醫科畢業生走不同關卡：後者須通過執業資格試，並完成駐院實習評核。","ledeEn":"Practising medicine in Hong Kong requires registration with the Medical Council. HKU/CUHK medical graduates and other medical graduates face different gates: the latter must pass the Licensing Examination and complete an assessed internship.","bodyZh":"香港醫務委員會說明：除香港大學及香港中文大學的醫科畢業生外，凡有意向委員會註冊以獲取執業醫生資格的醫科畢業生，必須通過委員會舉辦的執業資格試，並須於認可的醫院或醫療機構完成一段註冊前的駐院實習及評核。\n\n參加執業資格試的申請人，須繳付訂明費用，並令委員會信納已圓滿完成不少於五年、屬委員會批准類型的全時間醫學訓練，持有委員會接納的醫學資格，以及具有良好品格。該五年全時間醫學訓練必須包括一段委員會批准的駐院實習期。根據《醫生註冊條例》，如任何人曾參加執業資格試任何一部分連續五次而每次均不合格，委員會可禁止該人再參加。\n\n執業資格試每年舉辦兩次，分三部分：專業知識考試（兩卷多項選擇題）、醫學英語技能水平測驗，以及臨床考試。通過考試後，考生須在認可醫院或醫療機構擔任駐院實習醫生，接受為期十二個月的訓練及評核；成功完成後可向委員會申請註冊。\n\n港大及中大醫科畢業生不在上述「須應考執業資格試」的表述範圍內；他們仍須按委員會及醫院管理局／認可機構安排完成註冊前訓練，才能正式註冊執業。專科醫生名冊與一般註冊是另一層制度，本站此條只寫一般執業醫生註冊入口。","bodyEn":"The Medical Council of Hong Kong states that, apart from medical graduates of the University of Hong Kong and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, medical graduates who wish to register with the Council for practising privileges must pass the Council’s Licensing Examination and complete a period of pre-registration internship and assessment in an approved hospital or institution.\n\nTo sit the Licensing Examination, an applicant must pay the prescribed fee and satisfy the Council that they have satisfactorily completed at least five years of full-time medical training of a type approved by the Council, hold an acceptable medical qualification, and are of good character. That five-year training must include an approved internship period. Under the Medical Registration Ordinance, anyone who fails any part of the Licensing Examination five consecutive times may be barred from further attempts.\n\nThe examination is held twice a year in three parts: a professional knowledge exam (two MCQ papers), a medical English proficiency test, and a clinical examination. After passing, candidates must serve as interns for twelve months of training and assessment in an approved hospital or institution before applying for registration.\n\nHKU and CUHK medical graduates are outside the “must sit the Licensing Examination” wording above; they still complete pre-registration training under Council and hospital arrangements before full registration. The Specialist Register is a separate layer; this entry covers only the general registration gate.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic registration requirements","bodyZh":"喺香港要做執業醫生，一定要向香港醫務委員會申請註冊，並要證明自己有良好品格同符合所有學歷、考試同實習要求。唔同嘅學歷背景（本地港大/中大醫科，或者非本地醫科）會走唔一樣嘅註冊路徑，但最終都要符合委員會嘅所有要求先可以正式執業。","bodyEn":"To practise medicine in Hong Kong, you must apply for registration with the Medical Council of Hong Kong, prove you are of good character and meet all academic, examination and internship requirements. Different educational backgrounds (local HKU/CUHK medicine or non-local medical degrees) follow different registration pathways, but all must satisfy the Council's requirements to practise legally."},{"titleZh":"薪酬參考","titleEn":"Salary Reference","bodyZh":"醫生嘅薪酬取決於僱主。公營醫院醫生按醫管局公布嘅薪酬表支薪，駐院醫生、專科醫生同顧問醫生屬唔同職級；政府醫生職系則按公務員薪級表。私家醫院、醫療集團同私人執業由市場決定，專科種類、診所成本同病人基礎影響好大，收入可以相差幾倍。因此本站唔列月薪、年薪或者診金估算；睇公營或私營招聘時，要問清楚底薪、津貼、召喚（on-call）安排同獎金制度。\n\n培訓同晉升路線：完成實習同全科培訓之後，經專科培訓考取專科資格，可以由駐院醫生升為副顧問醫生，再到顧問醫生；私家市場則常見由受僱醫生轉為私人執業或者醫療集團嘅合伙人。","bodyEn":"Doctors' pay depends on the employer. Public hospital doctors are paid on the Hospital Authority pay tables, with resident, specialist and consultant posts on different grades, while government doctor grades follow the civil service pay scale. Private hospitals, medical groups and private practice are market-driven: specialty, clinic costs and patient base make a large difference, and earnings can vary several times over. This site therefore prints no monthly, annual or consultation-fee estimate; when considering a public or private post, ask about the base rate, allowances, on-call arrangements and bonus schemes.\n\nTraining and progression: having completed internship and general training, doctors take specialist training and examinations, then move from resident to associate consultant and consultant; in the private market, doctors commonly move from salaried posts into private practice or partnership in a medical group."},{"titleZh":"專科培訓路徑","titleEn":"Specialist Training Pathways","bodyZh":"在香港要成為專科醫生，必須在獲得正式註冊後，進入一個嚴格且漫長的畢業後培訓系統。此系統由「香港醫學專科學院」(Hong Kong Academy of Medicine) 負責監督。\n1.  進入培訓: 醫生在完成一年實習後，需受僱於醫院管理局轄下或認可的培訓醫院，並申請加入其中一個專科學院（例如：內科、外科、兒科等）開始專科培訓。\n2.  培訓期: 整個專科培訓為期至少六年。培訓分為「基礎培訓」和「高級培訓」兩個階段。\n3.  中期及終期考試: 受訓醫生需要在培訓期間通過所屬專科學院舉辦的中期考試，並在完成所有培訓要求後，通過終期考試。考試形式嚴格，通常包括筆試、臨床和口試，以確保其專業水平達到國際標準。\n4.  取得專科資格: 成功通過終期考試後，受訓醫生便可獲取香港醫學專科學院的「院士」資格 (Fellowship)，並向香港醫務委員會申請將其姓名列入「專科醫生名冊」。\n5.  持續進修: 成為專科醫生後，並非一勞永逸。他們必須遵守醫務委員會的「持續醫學教育」(CME) 要求，在每三年周期內取得足夠的學分，才能維持其專科醫生的註冊資格。","bodyEn":"Becoming a specialist in Hong Kong requires entering a rigorous and lengthy postgraduate training system after obtaining full registration. This system is overseen by the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine.\n1.  Entering Training: After completing the one-year internship, doctors must be employed by a training hospital under the Hospital Authority or another recognized institution and apply to join one of the specialist colleges (e.g., Internal Medicine, Surgery, Paediatrics) to begin their training.\n2.  Training Period: The entire specialist training lasts for a minimum of six years, divided into \"Basic Training\" and \"Higher Training\" stages.\n3.  Intermediate and Final Examinations: Trainees must pass an intermediate examination set by their respective college during their training. After fulfilling all training requirements, they must pass a final examination. These exams are rigorous, typically including written, clinical, and oral components to ensure their professional standards meet international benchmarks.\n4.  Obtaining Specialist Qualification: Upon successfully passing the final examination, the trainee is awarded Fellowship of the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine and can apply to the Medical Council of Hong Kong to have their name included in the Specialist Register.\n5.  Continuing Medical Education (CME): Being a specialist is not the end of the road. They must comply with the Medical Council's CME requirements, obtaining a sufficient number of credits within each three-year cycle to maintain their specialist registration."}],"payBasisZh":"公營醫院按醫管局公布嘅薪酬表、政府職系按公務員薪級表支薪；私家醫院及私人執業由市場決定。本站不估算月薪、年薪或診金。","payBasisEn":"Public hospitals follow the Hospital Authority pay tables and government grades the civil service pay scale; private hospitals and private practice are market-driven. This site estimates no monthly pay, annual income or consultation fees.","entryZh":["港大／中大醫科畢業，或持有委員會接納、並完成不少於五年全時間醫學訓練（含批准駐院實習）的醫學資格","非港大／中大路徑：通過執業資格試三部分","於認可醫院／機構完成註冊前駐院實習及評核（執業資格試路徑為十二個月）","向醫務委員會申請註冊；須具良好品格"],"entryEn":["An HKU/CUHK medical degree, or another Council-accepted medical qualification after at least five years’ full-time training including an approved internship","Non-HKU/CUHK path: pass all three parts of the Licensing Examination","Complete pre-registration internship and assessment in an approved hospital/institution (twelve months on the Licensing Examination path)","Apply to the Medical Council for registration; good character required"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"港大／中大醫科 → 註冊前訓練 → 註冊","titleEn":"HKU/CUHK medicine → pre-registration training → registration","stepsZh":["修畢港大或中大醫科課程","按委員會及認可機構安排完成註冊前訓練","向醫務委員會申請註冊為執業醫生"],"stepsEn":["Complete the HKU or CUHK medical programme","Finish pre-registration training under Council and approved-institution arrangements","Apply to the Medical Council for registration to practise"],"sourceIds":["mchkLicensingExam"]},{"titleZh":"其他醫科資格 → 執業資格試 → 十二個月駐院實習評核 → 註冊","titleEn":"Other medical qualification → Licensing Examination → 12-month assessed internship → registration","stepsZh":["證明不少於五年全時間醫學訓練（含批准駐院實習）及委員會接納的醫學資格","通過專業知識、醫學英語及臨床三部分考試","在認可醫院／機構完成十二個月駐院實習及評核","向委員會申請註冊"],"stepsEn":["Show at least five years’ full-time medical training (including an approved internship) and an acceptable medical qualification","Pass the knowledge, medical English, and clinical parts","Complete twelve months’ assessed internship in an approved hospital/institution","Apply to the Council for registration"],"sourceIds":["mchkLicensingExam"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"註冊醫生（一般註冊）","titleEn":"Registered doctor (general registration)"},{"titleZh":"專科醫生名冊屬另一層制度","titleEn":"Specialist Register is a separate layer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"一般註冊","titleEn":"General registration"},{"titleZh":"專科名冊","titleEn":"Specialist Register (separate)"}],"sourceIds":["mchkLicensingExam","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-11"},{"slug":"police-constable","titleZh":"警員","titleEn":"Police Constable","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"投考警員須為香港特別行政區永久性居民，並符合學歷、語文、《基本法及香港國安法》測試及體能等要求；錄取後會在警察學院接受住宿訓練。","ledeEn":"Applicants for Police Constable must be permanent residents of the HKSAR and meet academic, language, Basic Law and National Security Law test, and fitness requirements; appointees then take residential training at the Police College.","bodyZh":"警務處係香港最重要嘅紀律部隊，負責維持治安、保護市民生命財產安全，要成為警員一定要通過嚴格嘅遴選同訓練，符合所有法定要求先可以執行職務，係一份充滿使命感同責任感嘅職業。","bodyEn":"The Hong Kong Police Force is Hong Kong\"s primary disciplined service, responsible for maintaining law and order and protecting the safety of all citizens. To serve as a police constable, you must pass rigorous selection and training, meet all statutory requirements before you can perform your duties, in a role filled with mission and responsibility.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic registration requirements","bodyZh":"投考警員首先一定要係香港永久性居民，學歷要求係文憑試五科第2級或以上（或會考同等資歷），中文同英文都要達到第2級，唔夠嘅話亦都可以參加警隊自設嘅語文筆試。另外一定要通過《基本法同國安法》測試，同埋4×10米穿梭跑、掌上壓、立定跳高、800米跑呢啲體能測試，獲錄取之後仲要喺警察學院完成27星期嘅住宿訓練，通過所有考核先可以正式派駐前線。","bodyEn":"To apply for Police Constable, you must first be a permanent Hong Kong resident. Academic requirements include Level 2 in five HKDSE subjects (or HKCEE equivalent), with Level 2 in both Chinese and English; if you don't meet the language grades, you can take the Force's internal language test. You must also pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test, and fitness assessments including a 4x10m shuttle run, press-ups, standing long jump, and 800m run. If selected, you must complete 27 weeks of residential training at the Police College and pass all assessments before being posted to frontline duties."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升前景","titleEn":"Salary and promotion prospects","bodyZh":"警員屬紀律部隊職系，按公務員事務局公布嘅警務人員薪級表支薪（警務人員另有自己一張表，唔屬紀律人員員佐級薪級表），入職薪點會喺警務處招聘公告寫明，之後按年增薪點；另外有津貼同逾時工作補薪，輪班、通宵更同颱風更係工作常態。實際薪點同金額，以警務處招聘公告同公務員事務局公布嘅現行薪酬表為準，本站唔列金額。\n\n晉升方面，累積服務年資同通過晉升考試之後，可以由警員晉升為高級警員、警長、警署警長，再經遴選升為督察；亦可以選擇專門發展，成為偵緝、交通、反恐等專業部門嘅人員。","bodyEn":"Police Constable is a disciplined services grade paid on the Police Pay Scale published by the Civil Service Bureau (police have their own table, separate from the Disciplined Services rank-and-file scale), with the entry point stated in the Police recruitment notice and annual increments thereafter; allowances and overtime pay come on top, and shift work, overnight duty and typhoon call-outs are routine. Actual points and amounts are as published in Police recruitment notices and the current Civil Service Bureau pay tables, and this site prints no amounts.\n\nOn promotion, service experience and promotion examinations take you from Constable to Senior Constable, Sergeant and Station Sergeant, then by selection to Inspector; officers may also specialise in criminal investigation, traffic or counter-terrorism units."}],"payBasisZh":"公務員警務人員薪級表，入職薪點見警務處招聘公告；另設津貼及逾時工作補薪。本站只列薪級表兩端，唔會由薪級表推一個入職薪點出嚟。","payBasisEn":"Civil service Police Pay Scale, with the entry point stated in the Police recruitment notice, plus allowances and overtime pay. This site prints only the two ends of the scale and never infers a post's entry point.","entryZh":["香港特別行政區永久性居民","文憑試五科第2級或以上（或會考同等）","中、英語文科第2級或以上，或警員中英文筆試合格；能閱讀書寫中文及操流利粵語","《基本法及香港國安法》測試及格，並通過體能等遴選項目"],"entryEn":["Permanent resident of the HKSAR","Level 2 or above in five HKDSE subjects (or HKCEE equivalent)","Level 2 or above in Chinese and English, or pass the Constable language papers; read/write Chinese and speak fluent Cantonese","Pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test and fitness (and other) selection items"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"文憑試／會考達標 → 遴選 → 警察學院訓練","titleEn":"HKDSE/HKCEE standards → selection → Police College training","stepsZh":["確認永久性居民身分，並達學歷及語文要求（或準備應考警員語文筆試）","通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試、體能及其他遴選程序","獲聘後於警察學院完成約二十七星期住宿訓練","派駐巡邏分隊前線職位"],"stepsEn":["Confirm permanent-resident status and meet academic/language standards (or sit the Constable language papers)","Pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test, fitness, and other selection stages","Complete about twenty-seven weeks of residential training at the Police College after appointment","Post to a frontline patrol duties posting"],"sourceIds":["policePcEr","policeFitness"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"警員","titleEn":"Police Constable"},{"titleZh":"其後職級按警隊晉升制度","titleEn":"Later ranks follow Force promotion rules"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"警員","titleEn":"Police Constable"},{"titleZh":"警隊晉升","titleEn":"Force promotion ladder"}],"sourceIds":["policePcEr","policeFitness","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-11"},{"slug":"electrical-worker","titleZh":"註冊電業工程人員","titleEn":"Registered electrical worker","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"從事固定電力裝置相關電力工程的人，須向機電工程署註冊。證明書分 A、B、C、R、H 級，各級可用學徒、證書、文憑或學位等多條資歷路徑。","ledeEn":"Anyone doing electrical work on fixed electrical installations must register with EMSD. Certificates are graded A, B, C, R and H, each with multiple qualification paths such as apprenticeship, certificate, diploma or degree.","bodyZh":"電業工程係香港建造同維修業入面非常重要嘅專業，所有涉及固定電力裝置嘅工作都一定要由註冊電業工程人員負責，確保用電安全，要成為註冊人員一定要符合機電工程署嘅各級資格要求，先可以合法執業。","bodyEn":"Electrical engineering is a critical professional trade in Hong Kong's construction and maintenance sectors. All work on fixed electrical installations must be carried out by registered electrical workers to ensure electrical safety. To practise legally, you must meet the EMSD's qualification requirements for your registration grade.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic registration requirements","bodyZh":"機電工程署將註冊電業工程人員分為A、B、C、R、H五個級別，每個級別有唔一樣嘅資歷要求：A級適用於400安培以下嘅低壓裝置，通常要完成學徒訓練加電機技工證書同一年實際經驗；B級適用於2500安培以下，需要高級證書加兩年經驗或者由A級累積年資升級；C級適用於任何低壓裝置，需要電機工程學位加相關經驗；R級係指明類別（比如霓虹燈、冷氣），需要專門訓練同四年經驗；H級係高壓裝置，要先有B或C級資格再加高壓訓練。","bodyEn":"EMSD divides registered electrical workers into five grades, each with different qualification requirements: Grade A covers low-voltage installations up to 400A, typically requiring an apprenticeship plus electrical craft certificate and one year of experience. Grade B covers up to 2500A, requiring a higher certificate plus two years of experience or progression from Grade A. Grade C covers any low-voltage capacity, requiring an electrical engineering degree plus relevant experience. Grade R covers specified categories (neon signs, AC systems), needing special training and four years of experience. Grade H covers high-voltage installations, requiring Grade B/C eligibility plus high-voltage training."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升前景","titleEn":"Salary and promotion prospects","bodyZh":"電工冇法定薪級，薪酬由僱主自訂，主要睇註冊級別（A、B、C、H 級）、做開嘅工程類型（住宅、商業、高壓電力裝置），同埋係直接聘用抑或外判。自由身技師多數按件或者按日計，收入隨開工日數浮動。因為同一級別喺唔同公司嘅待遇可以差好遠，本站唔列月薪估算；傾條件時要問清楚日薪或月薪、加班同夜班補水、車費同工具津貼、強積金同工傷保險安排。\n\n發展方向：由技師做到科文、管工，再上可以負責整個工程項目；累積足夠經驗同客源之後，亦可以自己開設工程公司。","bodyEn":"Electrical workers have no statutory pay scale: pay is set by the employer and depends mainly on registration grade (A, B, C or H), the type of work (domestic, commercial, high-voltage installations) and whether the post is direct or subcontracted. Freelance technicians usually charge per job or per day, so income fluctuates with the number of working days. Because pay for the same grade can differ greatly between companies, this site prints no monthly estimate; when negotiating, ask about day or monthly rates, overtime and night-shift pay, transport and tool allowances, MPF and employees' compensation cover.\n\nCareer direction: technician → foreman or supervisor, then project-level responsibility, and with enough experience and clients, setting up your own engineering company."}],"payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由僱主按註冊級別、工程類型及直接／外判聘用自訂；自由身技師按件或按日計。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set pay by registration grade, type of work and direct or subcontracted hiring; freelance technicians charge per job or per day. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["工作範圍屬固定電力裝置的電力工程（可攜式電器除外）","按申請級別具備附錄所列資歷、訓練及實際經驗其中一條組合","向機電工程署遞交表格並繳費；新註冊須附照片及相關證明","續期通常每三年，並須完成持續進修"],"entryEn":["The work is electrical work on fixed installations (portable appliances excluded)","Meet one of the appendix combinations of qualifications, training and practical experience for the grade sought","File EMSD forms and fees; new registrations need a photo and supporting proofs","Renewal is usually every three years, with continuing education completed"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒／技工證書路徑（常見入 A 級）","titleEn":"Apprenticeship / craft-certificate path (common Grade A entry)","stepsZh":["完成《學徒條例》登記的電器安裝／電業工匠學徒訓練","取得香港專業教育學院電機技工證書","累積最少一年電力工作實際經驗","向機電工程署申請 A 級註冊"],"stepsEn":["Complete a registered apprenticeship in electrical installation / electrical fitting","Obtain an IVE electrical craft certificate","Accumulate at least one year of practical electrical work experience","Apply to EMSD for Grade A registration"],"sourceIds":["emsdRew"]},{"titleZh":"高級證書／文憑路徑（常見入 B 級）","titleEn":"Higher certificate / diploma path (common Grade B entry)","stepsZh":["完成相關學徒訓練並持有電機工程學高級證書，加最少兩年實際經驗；或","持有電機工程學文憑，並受僱為電業工程人員最少五年（其中最少兩年實際經驗）","亦可由 A 級持有最少五年後，再加證書／實際經驗或行業測試升級","向機電工程署申請 B 級註冊"],"stepsEn":["Finish a related apprenticeship with an electrical engineering higher certificate plus at least two years’ practical experience; or","Hold an electrical engineering diploma and at least five years’ employment as an electrical worker (including two years’ practical experience)","Or progress after at least five years at Grade A with further certificate/experience or a trade test","Apply to EMSD for Grade B registration"],"sourceIds":["emsdRew"]},{"titleZh":"電機工程學學位路徑（常見入 C 級）","titleEn":"Electrical engineering degree path (common Grade C entry)","stepsZh":["取得認可大學或專上院校電機工程學學位（或相等資格）","畢業後完成最少兩年署長認可訓練加兩年其後實際經驗；或畢業後最少六年電機工程實際經驗（含最少一年電力工作實際經驗）","亦可由 B 級持有最少六年、具六年實際經驗並通過認可考試","向機電工程署申請 C 級註冊；高壓工作另申請 H 級"],"stepsEn":["Obtain an approved university or tertiary electrical engineering degree (or equivalent)","After graduation, complete at least two years’ Director-approved training plus two further years’ practical experience; or at least six years’ post-graduation electrical engineering experience including one year of practical electrical work","Or hold Grade B for at least six years with six years’ practical experience and pass an approved examination","Apply to EMSD for Grade C; seek Grade H separately for high-voltage work"],"sourceIds":["emsdRew"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"A 級","titleEn":"Grade A"},{"titleZh":"B 級","titleEn":"Grade B"},{"titleZh":"C 級／H 級","titleEn":"Grade C / Grade H"},{"titleZh":"R 級（指明類別）","titleEn":"Grade R (specified categories)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"A 級","titleEn":"Grade A"},{"titleZh":"B 級","titleEn":"Grade B"},{"titleZh":"C／H 級","titleEn":"Grade C / H"},{"titleZh":"R 級","titleEn":"Grade R"}],"sourceIds":["emsdRew","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-11"},{"slug":"firefighter","titleZh":"消防員（行動／海務）","titleEn":"Fireman/Firewoman (Operational/Marine)","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"消防員（行動／海務）屬消防處紀律部隊職位，主要執行滅火、救援及防火職務。入職以文憑試／會考學歷為主，並須通過視力、體能、模擬實際工作及能力傾向筆試。","ledeEn":"Fireman/Firewoman (Operational/Marine) is a Fire Services Department disciplined post for fire-fighting, rescue and fire-protection duties. Entry is mainly HKDSE/HKCEE based, with eyesight, fitness, job-related performance and written aptitude tests.","bodyZh":"消防處係香港負責滅火救援同防火工作嘅主要紀律部隊，消防員（行動／海務）係前線最核心嘅崗位，每日面對唔一樣嘅挑戰，要通過嚴格嘅遴選同訓練先可以執行職務，係一份充滿使命感同榮譽感嘅職業，適合有體力、有責任心嘅青年人。","bodyEn":"The Fire Services Department is Hong Kong\"s primary disciplined service for firefighting, rescue, and fire prevention. Firefighters (Operational/Marine) are the core frontline role, facing unique challenges every day. You must pass rigorous selection and training before you can perform your duties, making it a career full of mission and honour, ideal for young people with physical fitness and strong responsibility.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊基本要求","titleEn":"Basic registration requirements","bodyZh":"消防員屬於消防處紀律部隊職位，一定要係香港永久性居民，學歷要求係文憑試五科第2級或以上（或會考同等資歷），中文同英文都要達到第2級，要通過視力測驗、體能測驗、模擬實際工作測驗同能力傾向筆試，仲要通過《基本法同國安法》測試，獲錄取之後仲要喺消防及救護學院完成26星期嘅留宿基礎訓練，先可以正式執行職務。","bodyEn":"Firefighters are disciplined service positions in the Fire Services Department. You must be a permanent Hong Kong resident, with Level 2 in five HKDSE subjects (or HKCEE equivalent), and Level 2 in both Chinese and English. You must pass eyesight, fitness, job-related performance, and aptitude tests, as well as the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. After being selected, you must complete 26 weeks of residential basic training at the Fire and Ambulance Services Academy before you can officially perform your duties."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升前景","titleEn":"Salary and promotion prospects","bodyZh":"消防員屬紀律部隊職系，按公務員事務局公布嘅紀律人員（員佐級）薪級表支薪，入職薪點會喺消防處招聘公告寫明，之後按年增薪點；另外有津貼同逾時工作補薪，輪班、通宵更同候命（on-call）係工作常態。實際薪點同金額，以消防處招聘公告同公務員事務局公布嘅現行薪酬表為準，本站唔列金額。\n\n晉升方面，累積服務年資同通過晉升考試之後，可以由消防員晉升為高級消防員、消防隊目、消防總隊目；具備所需學歷同資格者亦可投考消防隊長職系，或者專攻海務消防、高空拯救等專業範疇。","bodyEn":"Firefighters belong to a disciplined services grade paid on the Disciplined Services (Rank and File) pay scale published by the Civil Service Bureau, with the entry point stated in the Fire Services Department recruitment notice and annual increments thereafter; allowances and overtime pay come on top, and shift work, overnight duty and on-call standby are the norm. Actual points and amounts are as published in FSD recruitment notices and the current Civil Service Bureau pay tables, and this site prints no amounts.\n\nOn promotion, service experience and promotion examinations take you from Fireman to Senior Fireman, Leading Firefighter and Chief Fireman; those with the required academic qualifications may also compete for the Station Officer grade, or specialise in marine firefighting or high-angle rescue."}],"payBasisZh":"公務員紀律人員（員佐級）薪級表，入職薪點見消防處招聘公告；另設津貼及逾時工作補薪。本站只列薪級表兩端，唔會由薪級表推一個入職薪點出嚟。","payBasisEn":"Civil service Disciplined Services (Rank and File) pay scale, with the entry point stated in the FSD recruitment notice, plus allowances and overtime pay. This site prints only the two ends of the scale and never infers a post's entry point.","entryZh":["文憑試五科第2級或同等或以上（或會考同等）；五科可包括中、英語文","中、英語文科第2級或以上；能操流利粵語","通過視力、體能、模擬實際工作及能力傾向筆試","《基本法及香港國安法》測試及格；入職後二十六星期學院留宿訓練"],"entryEn":["Level 2 or equivalent or above in five HKDSE subjects (or HKCEE equivalent); Chinese and English may count among the five","Level 2 or above in Chinese and English Language; fluent Cantonese","Pass eyesight, fitness, job-related performance and written aptitude tests","Pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test; then twenty-six weeks’ residential academy training"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"文憑試／會考達標 → 遴選測驗 → 學院訓練","titleEn":"HKDSE/HKCEE standards → selection tests → academy training","stepsZh":["達到學歷及語文要求","通過視力、體能、模擬實際工作、能力傾向筆試及《基本法及香港國安法》測試","獲聘後於消防及救護學院完成二十六星期留宿基礎訓練","派駐行動／海務崗位執行滅火、救援及防火職務"],"stepsEn":["Meet the academic and language standards","Pass eyesight, fitness, job-related, aptitude and Basic Law and National Security Law tests","Complete twenty-six weeks’ residential foundation training at the Academy after appointment","Deploy to operational/marine duties for fire-fighting, rescue and fire protection"],"sourceIds":["fsdFireman","fsdFitness"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"消防員（行動／海務）","titleEn":"Fireman/Firewoman (Operational/Marine)"},{"titleZh":"其後職級按消防處晉升制度","titleEn":"Later ranks follow FSD promotion rules"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"消防員","titleEn":"Fireman/Firewoman"},{"titleZh":"消防處晉升","titleEn":"FSD promotion ladder"}],"sourceIds":["fsdFireman","fsdFitness","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-11"},{"slug":"security-guard","titleZh":"保安員","titleEn":"Security Guard","industryZh":"物業及環境服務","industryEn":"Property & environmental services","sectorId":"property","ledeZh":"保安員守住住宅、商場、寫字樓、學校同政府場地，做訪客登記、巡邏、閉路電視監察同突發事件處理。呢行入行門檻唔高，但有一個硬關卡：一定要先領到警務處發出嘅保安人員許可證，並完成認可訓練課程，否則僱主唔可以合法聘用你做保安工作。","ledeEn":"Security guards cover residential blocks, malls, offices, schools and government venues: visitor registration, patrols, CCTV monitoring and incident handling. Entry is accessible, but there is one hard gate — you must first hold a Security Personnel Permit from the Police Licensing Office and complete the recognised training course before an employer may lawfully assign you security duties.","sections":[{"titleZh":"一日做啲乜","titleEn":"What the job actually looks like","bodyZh":"工作內容好視乎場地：住宅樓多數係訪客登記、跟進住戶投訴、夜晚巡樓同睇閘；商場同寫字樓會多啲人群管理、消防通道檢查、失物處理同協助急救；貨倉、地盤就重門禁、出入車輛登記同防盜。幾乎全部崗位都要輪班，最常見係 12 小時一更（日更／夜更），亦有寫字樓行 8 小時三更制。打風、黑雨期間通常要提早返崗或者留守，呢點面試時一定要問清楚。","bodyEn":"The work depends heavily on the venue: residential blocks mean visitor registration, following up complaints, night patrols and gate control; malls and offices add crowd management, fire escape checks, lost property and first aid; warehouses and sites focus on access control, vehicle registration and theft prevention. Almost every post is shift-based, most commonly 12-hour day or night shifts, with some offices on three 8-hour shifts. During typhoons and black rainstorms you may be called in early or asked to stay, so ask about this at the interview."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：保安人員許可證","titleEn":"The gate: Security Personnel Permit","bodyZh":"要做保安工作，先要向警務處牌照課申請保安人員許可證；申請前一般要完成認可嘅保安訓練課程（業界俗稱 QAS 課程），內容涵蓋基本保安服務、人群管理、應急處理同相關法例。學歷冇硬性要求，但申請人須符合警務處公布嘅申請資格（包括年齡同背景審查）。許可證有年期，到期要續；冇證而做保安工作屬違法，僱主亦唔可以叫你「返住先、遲啲補牌」。申請文件同費用，以警務處公布為準。","bodyEn":"You start by applying to the Police Licensing Office for a Security Personnel Permit, and in practice that means completing a recognised security training course (known in the trade as the QAS course) covering basic guarding, crowd management, emergency response and the relevant legislation. There is no academic requirement, but you must meet the Police's published eligibility conditions, including age and background checks. The permit runs for a fixed term and is renewable. Working as a guard without one is an offence, and an employer cannot ask you to start while your application is pending. Documents and fees are as published by the Police."},{"titleZh":"薪酬、工時與晉升","titleEn":"Pay, hours and promotion","bodyZh":"保安員冇法定薪級，薪酬完全由僱主決定，主要睇四樣：場地類型（住宅、商場、甲級寫字樓、政府場地）、更制長短（8 或 12 小時）、日更定夜更、以及係直接聘用定外判。四項加埋，同一個「保安員」職銜嘅人工可以差好遠，所以本站唔寫月薪估算。睇招聘廣告時，要問清楚底薪、夜班同颱風津貼、超時補水嘅計法、強積金同實際更表。晉升路線通常係：保安員 → 保安主管（帶更）→ 保安主任／物業管理主任 → 物業經理或保安經理；想再上一層，多數要補物業管理或設施管理嘅課程同資歷。","bodyEn":"There is no statutory pay scale: pay is set by the employer and depends on four things — venue type, shift length (8 or 12 hours), day versus night shift, and whether you are hired directly or outsourced. These can make two jobs with the same title pay very differently, which is why this site prints no monthly estimate. When reading an ad, ask about the base rate, night and typhoon allowances, how overtime is calculated, MPF arrangements and the actual roster. Promotion usually runs: guard → supervisor → security officer / property management officer → property or security manager, with further qualifications usually needed for the last step."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。薪酬由僱主按場地類型、更制長短（8／12 小時）、日夜更同外判合約決定；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. Pay is set by the employer according to venue type, shift length (8 or 12 hours), day or night shift and whether the post is outsourced; this site does not estimate a monthly figure.","sourceIds":["policeQas","vtcEducation","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","entryZh":["年滿 18 歲並符合警務處公布嘅申請資格","通過背景審查（無嚴重犯罪紀錄）","完成認可保安訓練課程（QAS）並取得保安人員許可證","能應付輪班、長時間站立或巡樓","基本廣東話溝通；部分場地要求普通話或英語"],"entryEn":["Aged 18 or above and meeting the Police's published eligibility conditions","Passes a background check (no serious criminal record)","Completed the recognised security training course (QAS) and holds a Security Personnel Permit","Physically able to work shifts and stand or patrol for long periods","Basic Cantonese; some venues also require Putonghua or English"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"先考牌，再入職（最常見）","titleEn":"Get the permit first, then apply","stepsZh":["報讀認可保安訓練課程（QAS）並完成考核","向警務處牌照課申請保安人員許可證","持證後應徵物業管理公司、保安公司或場地直屬職位","入職後由主管帶更，熟習場地流程同應急程序"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in a recognised security training course (QAS) and pass the assessment","Apply to the Police Licensing Office for a Security Personnel Permit","Apply to property management firms, security companies or venues hiring directly","Learn the site's procedures and emergency drills on the job"],"sourceIds":["policeQas"]},{"titleZh":"先讀物業管理課程，再入行","titleEn":"Study property management first","stepsZh":["報讀職業訓練局或大專院校嘅物業管理／設施管理課程","同時完成認可保安訓練課程並領取許可證","先做物業管理助理或保安崗位，累積前線經驗","再按公司要求進修，爭取主任級或以上職位"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in a property or facilities management course at VTC or a tertiary institution","Complete the recognised security training course and obtain the permit alongside your studies","Start as a property management assistant or guard to build frontline experience","Continue studying as required and aim for officer-level posts"],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"保安員（持牌）","titleEn":"Security Guard (licensed)","noteZh":"入職起點；必須持保安人員許可證"},{"titleZh":"保安主管／帶更","titleEn":"Security Supervisor","noteZh":"多數由公司內部委任，非官方職級"},{"titleZh":"保安主任／物業管理主任","titleEn":"Security Officer / Property Management Officer"},{"titleZh":"物業經理或保安經理","titleEn":"Property Manager / Security Manager","noteZh":"職銜同要求視乎公司，通常要再補資歷"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"保安員（持牌）","titleEn":"Security Guard (licensed)","noteZh":"Entry point; a Security Personnel Permit is required"},{"titleZh":"保安主管／帶更","titleEn":"Security Supervisor","noteZh":"Usually an internal appointment, not a statutory grade"},{"titleZh":"保安主任／物業管理主任","titleEn":"Security Officer / Property Management Officer"},{"titleZh":"物業經理或保安經理","titleEn":"Property Manager / Security Manager","noteZh":"Title and requirements vary by employer; further qualifications usually needed"}]},{"slug":"waiter-restaurant","titleZh":"餐廳服務員","titleEn":"Restaurant Waiter / Waitress","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","ledeZh":"餐廳服務員係餐飲業嘅前線：擺位、落單、傳菜、應付客人要求同收場清潔。呢行唔設學歷門檻、可以兼職時薪，係好多學生同轉行者嘅第一份工；但工時長、假期最忙，想做得長遠就要睇清楚公司嘅更表同升遷安排。","ledeEn":"Waiters are the frontline of the food and beverage trade: setting tables, taking orders, serving food, handling requests and cleaning up. There is no academic threshold and part-time hourly work is common, which makes it a frequent first job for students and career switchers — but hours are long and holidays are the busiest times, so look carefully at the roster and promotion path.","sections":[{"titleZh":"一日做啲乜","titleEn":"What the job actually looks like","bodyZh":"開場前要擺位、抹枱、補餐具同睇訂枱紀錄；繁忙時間落單、傳菜、加水、跟催單同處理特別要求（走冰、少甜、食物敏感）；收場要埋數、清潔同補貨。大型連鎖多數用平板或手機落單系統，茶餐廳、酒樓就要記單、叫單，節奏同人手分工完全唔同。行內常分「直落」（一段過）同「落場」（中間休息幾小時再返夜更），兼職時薪制亦好普遍，適合學生夾上課時間。","bodyEn":"Before opening you set tables, wipe down, restock cutlery and check the reservation list; during the rush you take orders, run food, refill water, chase delayed dishes and handle special requests; at close you settle bills, clean and restock. Chains usually run tablet-based ordering systems while cha chaan tengs and Chinese restaurants still take orders by hand, so the pace and division of labour differ sharply. Shifts are either straight through or split with a long break before the evening, and hourly part-time work is very common."},{"titleZh":"入行門檻同實際要求","titleEn":"Entry requirements in practice","bodyZh":"通常唔設學歷要求（部分連鎖要求中五），最實際嘅要求係企得、記得住同捱得住繁忙時段。基本廣東話係必需；旅遊區、酒店或外資連鎖會要求普通話同英語，識日語、韓語更加有優勢。食物衞生方面，法例冇要求樓面人員持證，但唔少連鎖會要求員工完成內部或外間嘅食物安全／衞生課程，呢個係公司要求，唔係發牌條件。見工時通常會有試工或跟更，睇你手勢同反應。","bodyEn":"There is normally no academic requirement (some chains ask for Form 5). What matters is stamina, memory and the ability to hold up under a rush. Basic Cantonese is essential, and tourist-area, hotel or international chain restaurants expect Putonghua and English, with Japanese or Korean an advantage. The law does not require floor staff to hold a food hygiene certificate, but many chains still require staff to complete an internal or external food safety course — that is an employer requirement, not a licensing condition. Interviews usually include a trial shift."},{"titleZh":"薪酬、工時與出路","titleEn":"Pay, hours and where it leads","bodyZh":"呢行冇官方薪級：有啲公司出月薪，有啲按時薪，部分另有服務費或營業額分帳，加班補水、颱風日安排同休息日數每間公司都唔同，所以本站唔寫月薪估算。要留意嘅係「包唔包食、包唔包更衣時間、落場有冇錢」呢幾條細則，佢哋對實際收入影響好大。出路方面，樓面可以做部長、樓面主管、餐廳經理；亦可以轉去酒店餐飲、宴會、航空餐飲，或者讀餐飲／款待管理課程再上管理層。","bodyEn":"There is no official pay scale: some employers pay monthly, some hourly, and some add a service charge or revenue share. Overtime, typhoon arrangements and rest days differ by company, so this site prints no monthly estimate. Check the fine print — meals, changing time, and whether split shifts are paid — because they change real take-home pay. From the floor you can move up to section head, floor supervisor or restaurant manager, or across to hotel food and beverage, banqueting, airline catering, or study hospitality management to move into management."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。月薪或時薪、服務費分帳、加班補水同休息日安排均由僱主決定；本站不估算人工。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. Whether you are paid monthly or hourly, how service charge is shared, overtime and rest days are all set by the employer; this site does not estimate pay.","sourceIds":["edbLifePlanning","vtcEducation","fehdGovHK"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","entryZh":["通常無學歷要求（部分連鎖要求中五）","廣東話溝通；旅遊區、酒店或外資連鎖要求普通話／英語","能長時間站立，應付繁忙時段同輪班","無需工作經驗，多以兼職或跟更開始","部分公司要求完成食物安全或衞生課程（公司要求，非法例規定）"],"entryEn":["Normally no academic requirement (some chains ask for Form 5)","Cantonese; tourist-area, hotel and international chains also expect Putonghua and English","Able to stand for long periods and handle rush periods and shift work","No experience needed; most people start part-time or on a trial shift","Some employers require a food safety or hygiene course (an employer rule, not a legal licence)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"直接應徵（最常見）","titleEn":"Apply directly","stepsZh":["向餐廳、連鎖店或招聘平台應徵","見工時問清楚薪金計法、更表、試用期同膳食安排","以兼職或跟更開始，熟習落單系統同出品流程","表現穩定後爭取全職、帶新人或部長職位"],"stepsEn":["Apply to restaurants, chains or recruitment platforms","At the interview, clarify pay calculation, roster, probation and meals","Start part-time or on trial shifts and learn the ordering system and menu","Once reliable, ask about full-time hours, training new staff or section head roles"],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanning"]},{"titleZh":"先讀餐飲／款待課程","titleEn":"Study hospitality first","stepsZh":["報讀職業訓練局或院校嘅餐飲、廚藝或款待課程","透過實習或兼職累積樓面同出品知識","畢業後應徵連鎖餐廳、酒店餐飲或會所職位","再按公司安排轉向主管或管理培訓生路線"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in an F&B, culinary or hospitality course at VTC or another institution","Build floor and product knowledge through placement or part-time work","Apply to chain restaurants, hotel F&B or clubhouses after graduating","Move into supervisory or management trainee tracks with company support"],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習／兼職服務員","titleEn":"Trainee / part-time waiter"},{"titleZh":"服務員","titleEn":"Waiter / Waitress"},{"titleZh":"部長／帶位","titleEn":"Section Head / Host","noteZh":"職銜同分工視乎公司"},{"titleZh":"樓面主管","titleEn":"Floor Supervisor"},{"titleZh":"餐廳經理","titleEn":"Restaurant Manager","noteZh":"通常要處理訂貨、成本同人手安排"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習／兼職服務員","titleEn":"Trainee / part-time waiter"},{"titleZh":"服務員","titleEn":"Waiter / Waitress"},{"titleZh":"部長／帶位","titleEn":"Section Head / Host","noteZh":"Titles and duties vary by employer"},{"titleZh":"樓面主管","titleEn":"Floor Supervisor"},{"titleZh":"餐廳經理","titleEn":"Restaurant Manager","noteZh":"Usually responsible for ordering, cost control and rostering"}]},{"slug":"plumber-apprentice","titleZh":"水喉技工學徒","titleEn":"Plumber Apprentice","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"水喉學徒係香港水管工程嘅入行起點：跟持牌水喉匠做供水同排水工程，同時讀職專課程，累積年資後考水務署水喉匠考試。","ledeEn":"A plumbing apprenticeship is the usual way into water-pipe work: you learn on site under a licensed plumber while studying a vocational programme, then pass the Water Supplies Department plumbing examination.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"跟師傅去住宅、商廈、學校或地盤做供水同排水工程，學識睇圖則、計物料、用工具同判斷工序次序，亦要同客人同判頭講清楚需要幾多時間同物料。","bodyEn":"You work with a plumber at housing estates, commercial buildings, schools and sites on supply and drainage jobs, learning to read drawings, take off materials, use the tools and judge the order of work, as well as explaining time and materials to clients and subcontractors."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡","titleEn":"Entry requirements and licensing","bodyZh":"入行本身冇法定牌照，但一般要求中三或以上學歷（實際視僱主及訓練計劃而定），身體狀況要適合做體力同高空工作。真正嘅關卡係考牌：向水務署申請水喉匠考試並符合學歷同實務年資等條件，合格同取得牌照之後，先可以獨立承接指定水管工程。","bodyEn":"No statutory licence is needed to start, but Secondary 3 or above is the usual expectation depending on the employer and training scheme, and you must be fit for physical and height work. The real gate is the licence: you apply to the Water Supplies Department for the plumbing examination and must meet its academic and practical experience conditions; only then may you carry out specified pipe works independently."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬冇法定薪級，由僱主按日薪、月薪或件工決定，學徒期、技工期同持牌後嘅計法唔同，自承接工程就按報價扣成本，所以本站唔估算收入。路線係學徒 → 水喉技工 → 持牌水喉匠 → 管工或自行承接工程。","bodyEn":"There is no statutory pay scale: the employer sets day rates, monthly pay or piece rates, and the basis differs between apprenticeship, technician work and licensed work, while contractors deduct their own costs from the quoted price. The route runs apprentice, plumbing technician, licensed plumber, then supervisor or contractor."}],"sourceIds":["wsdGovHK","vtcEducation","cicOrgHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"香港嘅指定供水系統工程受《水務設施條例》同《水務設施規例》規管，只可以由持牌水喉匠（或在其督導下工作嘅受僱人士）進行。學徒唔會簽工程文件，主要協助安裝、維修同測試，同時學識睇圖則、認物料同記錄工序。\n\n日常工作包括安裝同更換供水及排水管道、潔具同水錶，處理爆喉、滲漏同塞渠，做水壓測試同系統沖洗。工地環境多變，要搬運重物、爬梯、入假天花，部分工序喺戶外或密閉空間進行，所以防護裝備同安全程序係日常一部分。","bodyEn":"Specified water supply works are regulated by the Waterworks Ordinance and Waterworks Regulations: they may only be carried out by a licensed plumber, or by employees working under a licensed plumber's supervision. Apprentices do not sign off works documents; they assist with installation, repair and testing while learning to read drawings, identify materials and record each stage.\n\nDaily tasks include installing and replacing supply and drainage pipes, fittings and meters, dealing with burst pipes, leaks and blockages, pressure testing and flushing systems. Site conditions vary, involving lifting, ladders, ceiling voids and sometimes outdoor or confined-space work, so protective equipment and safety procedures are part of the routine.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。學徒期待遇由僱主及學徒合約決定，出師後多為日薪或按件計；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Apprentice terms are set by the employer and contract, and qualified plumbers usually move to daily or piece rates; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中三或以上學歷（實際要求視僱主及訓練計劃而定）","報讀 VTC 職專文憑／證書課程，或經學徒訓練計劃入行","在持牌水喉匠督導下累積實務年資","通過水務署水喉匠考試並取得牌照，先可以做指定水管工程"],"entryEn":["Secondary 3 or above (actual requirement depends on the employer and training scheme)","Enrol in a VTC vocational diploma or certificate programme, or join an apprenticeship scheme","Build practical experience under a licensed plumber's supervision","Pass the Water Supplies Department plumbing examination and hold the licence before carrying out specified pipe works"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒訓練 → 持牌水喉匠","titleEn":"Apprenticeship → licensed plumber","stepsZh":["中學階段報讀 VTC 職專文憑或經學徒計劃入行","跟持牌水喉匠做供水及排水工程，累積年資","報考水務署水喉匠考試（筆試及實務）","取得牌照後獨立承接指定水管工程"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in a VTC vocational programme or apprenticeship scheme after secondary school","Work on supply and drainage under a licensed plumber to build experience","Sit the Water Supplies Department plumbing examination","Carry out specified pipe works independently once licensed"],"sourceIds":["wsdGovHK","vtcEducation","cicOrgHK"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒","titleEn":"Apprentice"},{"titleZh":"水喉技工","titleEn":"Plumbing technician"},{"titleZh":"持牌水喉匠","titleEn":"Licensed plumber"},{"titleZh":"管工／承辦商","titleEn":"Supervisor / contractor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒","titleEn":"Apprentice"},{"titleZh":"水喉技工","titleEn":"Plumbing technician"},{"titleZh":"持牌水喉匠","titleEn":"Licensed plumber"},{"titleZh":"管工／承辦商","titleEn":"Supervisor / contractor"}]},{"slug":"retail-assistant","titleZh":"零售助理／店務員","titleEn":"Retail Assistant / Sales Associate","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","ledeZh":"零售助理負責店舖日常運作：開店收店、補貨上架、陳列、收銀同招呼客人。呢行學歷門檻低、分店多、容易入行，係了解零售營運最直接嘅起點；不過收入好大程度睇佣金計法同更表安排。","ledeEn":"Retail assistants keep a shop running day to day: opening and closing, replenishing stock, display, cashiering and serving customers. The academic threshold is low, branches are everywhere and it is easy to get in, which makes it the most direct introduction to retail operations — though income depends heavily on how commission is calculated and how the roster falls.","sections":[{"titleZh":"一日做啲乜","titleEn":"What the job actually looks like","bodyZh":"開店要點貨、上架、整理陳列同開收銀機；營業時間內招呼客人、介紹產品、處理退換貨同會員優惠；收店要埋數、清潔、補貨同寫交更紀錄。連鎖店多數要按銷售目標跑數，月尾、節日同減價季最忙。部分品牌會輪調分店，或者要求員工同時處理網店訂單、門店取貨同寄貨。","bodyEn":"Opening involves stock counts, shelf filling, display and till setup; during trading hours you serve customers, explain products, handle returns and member offers; closing means reconciling takings, cleaning, restocking and writing the handover. Chains usually set sales targets, and month-end, holidays and sale seasons are the busiest. Some brands rotate staff between branches or ask them to handle online orders, in-store pick-ups and shipping too."},{"titleZh":"入行門檻同實際要求","titleEn":"Entry requirements in practice","bodyZh":"中三至中五視乎公司，冇法定註冊或牌照要求。實際最看重三樣：語言（廣東話必需，普通話同英語係加分）、企得耐同接受輪班（一般行輪休，紅日通常要返）、同埋數字要準（點貨、收銀、盤點唔可以錯）。唔少公司提供新人產品培訓同銷售技巧訓練，亦有品牌要求員工考內部認證。","bodyEn":"Form 3 to Form 5 depending on the employer, with no statutory registration or licence. In practice three things matter: languages (Cantonese essential, Putonghua and English an advantage), stamina and shift work (rest days rotate and public holidays are usually working days), and accuracy with numbers. Many employers provide product and selling-skills training, and some brands require internal certification."},{"titleZh":"薪酬、佣金同晉升","titleEn":"Pay, commission and promotion","bodyZh":"零售冇官方薪級：薪酬通常係「底薪＋佣金或店舖獎金」，佣金點計（個人數、團隊數、毛利率）、幾時出、跑唔到數會唔會扣，每間公司都唔同，所以本站唔寫月薪估算。睇招聘時要問清楚底薪、佣金公式、颱風同加班安排。晉升一般係見習店務員 → 店務員 → 資深店務員 → 店長 → 區域主管；亦有人轉去採購、陳列設計、品牌管理或網店營運。","bodyEn":"There is no official pay scale in retail: pay is usually a base plus commission or store bonus, and how commission is calculated (individual, team or margin based), when it is paid and whether missing targets is penalised all differ by employer, so no monthly figure is printed here. Ask about the base, the commission formula, typhoon and overtime arrangements. The usual ladder is trainee → sales associate → senior associate → store manager → area supervisor, with sideways moves into buying, visual merchandising, brand management or e-commerce operations."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。多為「底薪＋佣金／店舖獎金」，佣金公式同更表由僱主決定，本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. Pay is normally a base plus commission or store bonus, with the commission formula and roster set by the employer; no monthly figure is estimated here.","sourceIds":["hkretailOrgHK","edbLifePlanning","hkqf"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","entryZh":["中三至中五視乎公司，冇法定牌照要求","廣東話必需；普通話同英語屬加分","能長時間站立，接受輪班同輪休（紅日通常要開工）","點貨、收銀、盤點要準確，肯學產品知識","無需經驗，部分品牌設有新人培訓"],"entryEn":["Form 3 to Form 5 depending on the employer; no statutory licence","Cantonese essential; Putonghua and English an advantage","Able to stand for long periods and work shifts with rotating rest days","Accurate with stock counts, cash and inventory; willing to learn product knowledge","No experience needed; some brands run induction training"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"直接應徵門店職位","titleEn":"Apply directly to a store","stepsZh":["向連鎖店、百貨或品牌專門店應徵店務員／兼職","見工時問清楚底薪、佣金公式、更表同試用期","入職後熟習產品知識、收銀系統同盤點流程","爭取負責專門類別或帶新人，為升店長鋪路"],"stepsEn":["Apply to chains, department stores or brand boutiques for sales associate or part-time roles","At the interview, clarify the base, commission formula, roster and probation","Learn the products, till system and stock procedures on the job","Ask to specialise in a product category or train newcomers to prepare for store manager"],"sourceIds":["hkretailOrgHK"]},{"titleZh":"先讀零售／商業課程","titleEn":"Study retail or business first","stepsZh":["報讀職業訓練局或院校嘅零售、市場學或商業課程","利用實習或兼職累積前線銷售同陳列經驗","畢業後應徵見習管理人員或品牌培訓生","長遠轉向採購、陳列設計、品牌管理或網店營運"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in a retail, marketing or business course at VTC or another institution","Build frontline selling and display experience through placement or part-time work","Apply for management trainee or brand trainee programmes after graduating","In the longer term, move into buying, visual merchandising, brand management or e-commerce"],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習店務員／兼職","titleEn":"Trainee / part-time sales associate"},{"titleZh":"店務員（銷售助理）","titleEn":"Sales Associate","noteZh":"開始計佣金"},{"titleZh":"資深店務員／組長","titleEn":"Senior Associate / Team Leader","noteZh":"或負責單一產品類別"},{"titleZh":"店長","titleEn":"Store Manager","noteZh":"負責人手、庫存同營業目標"},{"titleZh":"區域主管／零售營運","titleEn":"Area Supervisor / Retail Operations","noteZh":"管理多間分店，職銜視乎公司"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習店務員／兼職","titleEn":"Trainee / part-time sales associate"},{"titleZh":"店務員（銷售助理）","titleEn":"Sales Associate","noteZh":"Commission starts at this level"},{"titleZh":"資深店務員／組長","titleEn":"Senior Associate / Team Leader","noteZh":"Often responsible for a product category"},{"titleZh":"店長","titleEn":"Store Manager","noteZh":"Responsible for staffing, stock and sales targets"},{"titleZh":"區域主管／零售營運","titleEn":"Area Supervisor / Retail Operations","noteZh":"Multi-store responsibility; titles vary by employer"}]},{"slug":"construction-worker","titleZh":"建築工人","titleEn":"Construction Worker","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"建築工人係地盤前線工種嘅統稱：紮鐵、釘板、落石屎、砌磚、批盪同拆卸等。入行靠訓練同工藝測試確立技能，而喺地盤工作要有建造業工人註冊證。","ledeEn":"Building worker is the umbrella term for front-line site trades such as bar fixing, formwork, concreting, bricklaying, plastering and demolition. Entry is through training and trade tests, and a registered construction worker card is required to work on site.","sections":[{"titleZh":"主要工種同日常工作","titleEn":"Main trades and daily work","bodyZh":"紮鐵工綁紮鋼筋籠同鋼筋網；釘板工做模板（木模、鋁模）支撐石屎；石屎工負責澆築、震搗同養護；砌磚工做磚牆同間隔；批盪工做牆身同天花飾面；拆卸工按程序拆結構。共通點係要識睇施工圖、聽指示、用電動同氣動工具，並嚴守高空工作、起重吊運同用電安全規定。","bodyEn":"Bar fixers tie reinforcement cages and mats; formworkers build timber or aluminium formwork to support concrete; concreters place, vibrate and cure concrete; bricklayers build walls and partitions; plasterers finish walls and ceilings; demolition workers take structures down to procedure. What they share is reading construction drawings, following instructions, using power and pneumatic tools, and strictly observing rules for work at height, lifting operations and electrical safety."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡","titleEn":"Entry requirements","bodyZh":"門檻係三件事：持有建造業工人註冊證（向建造業議會申請，按工種及技能水平註冊）；完成認可嘅建造業安全訓練課程先可以進入地盤；如要註冊為熟練技工，一般要通過該工種嘅工藝測試。電力、水務同小型工程等工序另有法定資格要求，唔可以單靠工人註冊證去做。","bodyEn":"The gate has three parts: a registered construction worker card applied for through the CIC and tied to a trade and skill level; a recognised construction safety training certificate before entering a site; and, for registered skilled worker status, passing the trade test for that trade. Electrical, plumbing and minor works items carry separate statutory qualifications that a worker card alone does not cover."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬冇法定薪級，由僱主或判頭按日薪、件工或月薪決定，同工種、技能水平同地盤進度掛鈎；跟判頭開工或自僱，收入會隨開工日數浮動，所以本站唔估算收入。路線係註冊普通工人 → 註冊半熟練技工 → 註冊熟練技工（大工）→ 管工 → 判頭／承辦商，亦可轉做安全督導、質量檢查或機械操作。","bodyEn":"There is no statutory pay scale: the employer or subcontractor sets day rates, piece rates or monthly pay according to trade, skill level and site progress, and income follows the number of days worked for those paid through subcontractors, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs registered general worker, registered semi-skilled worker, registered skilled worker, supervisor, then subcontractor, with moves into safety supervision, quality checking or plant operation."}],"sourceIds":["cicOrgHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"地盤前線工種受《建造業工人註冊條例》規管，喺地盤工作嘅人要有建造業工人註冊證；註冊分註冊熟練技工、註冊半熟練技工同註冊普通工人，等級同工種掛鈎。\n\n入行主要靠建造業議會（CIC）嘅訓練課程同工藝測試：先讀基本工藝或指定工種課程，再通過該工種嘅工藝測試，就可以按技能水平註冊。進入地盤前一般亦要完成認可嘅建造業安全訓練課程（俗稱「平安卡」），證明書有指定有效期，期滿要重溫。","bodyEn":"Front-line site trades are regulated by the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance: anyone working on site needs a registered construction worker card, and registration is split into registered skilled worker, registered semi-skilled worker and registered general worker, tied to the trade concerned.\n\nEntry is mainly through Construction Industry Council (CIC) training courses and trade tests: complete a basic or trade-specific course, pass the trade test, and register at the matching skill level. Before entering a site you normally also need a recognised construction safety training certificate, which is valid for a set period and must be renewed.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級，多為日薪制。日薪由僱主按工種、資歷及開工量決定；本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale; most site work is paid by the day, with rates set by trade, qualifications and workload. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["持有建造業工人註冊證（向建造業議會申請，按工種註冊）","完成認可建造業安全訓練課程（進入地盤前一般須持有）","註冊熟練技工一般須通過該工種的工藝測試","電力、水務、小型工程等工序另有法定資格要求"],"entryEn":["Hold a registered construction worker card applied for through the CIC and tied to a trade","Complete a recognised construction safety training course, normally required before site entry","Registered skilled worker status normally requires passing the trade test for that trade","Electrical, plumbing and minor works items carry separate statutory qualification requirements"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"訓練 → 工藝測試 → 註冊","titleEn":"Training → trade test → registration","stepsZh":["完成建造業安全訓練課程，取得平安卡","讀建造業議會基本工藝或工種課程","通過該工種工藝測試，註冊為熟練技工","累積地盤經驗後升任管工或判頭"],"stepsEn":["Complete the construction safety training course","Take a CIC basic or trade-specific craft course","Pass the trade test and register as a skilled worker","Move up to supervisor or subcontractor with site experience"],"sourceIds":["cicOrgHK","edbLifePlanning"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"註冊普通工人","titleEn":"Registered general worker"},{"titleZh":"註冊半熟練技工","titleEn":"Registered semi-skilled worker"},{"titleZh":"註冊熟練技工（大工）","titleEn":"Registered skilled worker"},{"titleZh":"管工／判頭","titleEn":"Supervisor / subcontractor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"註冊普通工人","titleEn":"Registered general worker"},{"titleZh":"註冊半熟練技工","titleEn":"Registered semi-skilled worker"},{"titleZh":"註冊熟練技工（大工）","titleEn":"Registered skilled worker"},{"titleZh":"管工／判頭","titleEn":"Supervisor / subcontractor"}]},{"slug":"electrician-apprentice","titleZh":"電工學徒","titleEn":"Electrician Apprentice","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"電工學徒跟註冊電業工程人員做電力裝置安裝同維修，一邊讀職專課程，逐步考取機電工程署嘅註冊電業工程人員資格。","ledeEn":"An electrical apprentice works under a registered electrical worker installing and maintaining installations, studies a vocational course, and works towards registration with the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"拉線佈喉、裝配電箱同終端設備、做絕緣及接地測試、跟進物業管理或客戶嘅維修單，亦可能做工程項目嘅臨時電力同驗收。部分工序要喺夜間或停電時段施工，更表同安全程序要跟足。","bodyEn":"Drawing cables, running conduits, fitting boards and accessories, insulation and earthing tests, and following up maintenance requests from property managers or clients, sometimes with temporary supplies and acceptance testing on projects. Some work is scheduled at night or during shutdowns, so rosters and safety procedures must be followed."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡","titleEn":"Entry requirements","bodyZh":"一般要求中三或以上學歷，報讀職業訓練局電力／電機課程或參加學徒訓練計劃。註冊做電業工程人員要按機電工程署規定累積指定實務年資並通過相關考試，級別唔同要求唔同，以機電工程署公布為準。","bodyEn":"Secondary 3 or above is the usual start, with a Vocational Training Council electrical course or an apprenticeship scheme. Registration as an electrical worker requires the practical experience and examination set by the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department, varying by grade and published by the department."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬冇法定薪級，由僱主按日薪或月薪決定，學徒期、技工期同註冊後嘅計法唔同；自僱承接工程按報價扣成本，本站唔估算收入。路線：學徒 → 電力技工 → 註冊電業工程人員（A 級，其後 B／C 級）→ 管工 → 承辦商。","bodyEn":"There is no statutory pay scale: the employer sets day rates or monthly pay, on a different basis for apprentices, technicians and registered workers, while contractors deduct costs from the quoted price, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs apprentice, electrical technician, registered electrical worker (Grade A, later B or C), supervisor, then contractor."}],"sourceIds":["emsdGovHK","vtcEducation","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"固定電力裝置工程受《電力條例》及相關規例規管：安裝、維修或改動固定電力裝置，必須由註冊電業工程人員（按級別及類別註冊）進行，承接工程嘅公司就要係註冊電業承辦商。\n\n學徒日常工作包括拉線、佈喉、裝配電箱、燈具、插座同接地系統，做絕緣及接地測試、追查故障，同時學識睇電路圖同遵守隔離電源程序。經常喺假天花、機房、地盤同戶外工作，帶電工作同高空工作嘅安全規定特別重要。","bodyEn":"Fixed electrical installation work is regulated by the Electricity Ordinance and related regulations: installing, maintaining or altering a fixed installation must be done by a registered electrical worker registered by grade and category, and firms taking on such work must be registered electrical contractors.\n\nApprentices draw cables, run conduits, fit distribution boards, luminaires, socket outlets and earthing systems, carry out insulation and earth continuity tests, trace faults, learn to read circuit diagrams and follow isolation procedures. Because the work is done in ceiling voids, plant rooms, sites and outdoors, live-work and work-at-height rules matter a great deal.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。學徒期待遇由僱主及學徒合約決定；註冊後按級別、工程類別及開工量計薪，本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Apprentice terms are set by the employer and contract; after registration pay follows grade, type of work and workload. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中三或以上學歷，報讀 VTC 電力／電機課程或經學徒計劃入行","在註冊電業工程人員督導下累積實務年資","通過機電工程署的註冊電業工程人員資格要求（年資及考試，按級別）","完成認可安全訓練，遵守帶電及高空工作安全規定"],"entryEn":["Secondary 3 or above, with a VTC electrical course or an apprenticeship scheme","Build practical experience under a registered electrical worker","Meet the department's registration conditions for electrical workers (experience and examination, by grade)","Complete recognised safety training and follow live-work and work-at-height rules"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒 → 技工 → 註冊電業工程人員","titleEn":"Apprentice → technician → registered worker","stepsZh":["中學階段報讀職業訓練局電力課程或經學徒計劃入行","跟註冊電業工程人員做安裝、測試同維修","累積年資後報考註冊電業工程人員（A 級）","按年資及考試逐級升 B 級、C 級"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in a VTC electrical course or apprenticeship scheme after secondary school","Work with a registered electrical worker on installation, testing and maintenance","Apply for Grade A registration once the experience requirement is met","Move up to Grades B and C with further experience and examinations"],"sourceIds":["emsdGovHK","vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒","titleEn":"Apprentice"},{"titleZh":"電力技工","titleEn":"Electrical technician"},{"titleZh":"註冊電業工程人員（A 級）","titleEn":"Registered electrical worker (Grade A)"},{"titleZh":"B／C 級或管工","titleEn":"Grade B or C / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"承辦商","titleEn":"Contractor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒","titleEn":"Apprentice"},{"titleZh":"電力技工","titleEn":"Electrical technician"},{"titleZh":"註冊電業工程人員（A 級）","titleEn":"Registered electrical worker (Grade A)"},{"titleZh":"B／C 級或管工","titleEn":"Grade B or C / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"承辦商","titleEn":"Contractor"}]},{"slug":"cleaner-public","titleZh":"公眾清潔工","titleEn":"Public Area Cleaner","industryZh":"物業及環境服務","industryEn":"Property & environmental services","sectorId":"property","ledeZh":"公眾地方清潔工負責街道、公園、街市、商場或屋苑公眾地方嘅清潔同廢物處理，入行門檻低，但更制、體力要求同安全裝備要事先問清楚。","ledeEn":"Public area cleaners keep streets, parks, markets, malls and estate common areas clean and handle waste. Entry is accessible, but hours, rostering, physical demands and protective equipment should be clarified up front.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"按清潔路線同時間表做嘢：巡回收垃圾、清潔設施、補充消耗品，發現損壞或者積水要上報；亦要按指示分類回收物。部分崗位要操作洗地機、高壓水槍或垃圾壓縮設備，要接受操作訓練。","bodyEn":"You follow a cleaning route and schedule: collecting waste on rounds, cleaning facilities, restocking supplies and reporting damage or standing water, along with sorting recyclables as instructed. Some posts operate scrubber dryers, pressure washers or compactor equipment, which requires training."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡","titleEn":"Entry requirements","bodyZh":"冇法定牌照或學歷規定，一般要求能應付體力勞動、識聽指示、準時。政府場地同大型物業嘅清潔服務多由承辦商按合約提供，招聘條件、更制同福利睇承辦商公告；部分僱主要求完成基本安全訓練。","bodyEn":"There is no statutory licence or academic requirement; the usual expectations are fitness for physical work, following instructions and punctuality. Cleaning at government venues and large properties is mostly provided by contractors under contract, so terms, rosters and benefits follow the contractor's notices, and some employers require basic safety training."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主或承辦商按月薪、日薪或時薪決定，冇法定薪級；輪班、超時同颱風值勤安排視乎合約，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：清潔員 → 清潔組長 → 管工／督導 → 場地主管或承辦商管理層，亦可以轉做機械清潔或廢物回收工作。","bodyEn":"The employer or contractor sets monthly, daily or hourly pay with no statutory scale; shift, overtime and typhoon-duty arrangements depend on the contract, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs cleaner, cleaning team leader, foreman or supervisor, then venue supervisor or contractor management, with moves into machine cleaning or recycling work."}],"sourceIds":["fehdGovHK","lcsdGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"工作內容視乎場地：街道同公園多數做掃地、清理垃圾箱、洗地同清理雜物；街市要沖洗地面、清理攤檔周邊垃圾同處理污水；商場同屋苑就做洗手間、扶手電梯、玻璃同垃圾房清潔。\n\n入行通常冇學歷或牌照要求，但要留意幾樣實務條件：更制（早更、夜更、輪休）、體力要求（推垃圾車、搬垃圾桶、長時間站立）、安全（清潔化學品稀釋同防護、斜坡同馬路邊工作、機械設備操作），以及外判公司嘅合約同津貼安排。","bodyEn":"The work depends on the venue: streets and parks mean sweeping, emptying bins, washing down and clearing debris; markets involve hosing floors, clearing waste around stalls and dealing with run-off; malls and estates cover toilets, escalators, glass and refuse rooms.\n\nNo academic or licence requirement is usual, but several practical conditions matter: the roster of early, night and rotating shifts, physical demands such as pushing bins and standing for long periods, safety in diluting and handling cleaning chemicals, working on slopes and beside roads, and operating cleaning machines, plus the terms and allowances set by the outsourced contractor.","payBasisZh":"政府直接聘用按公務員／政府合約條款；外判崗位由承辦商按合約及更制自訂。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"Direct government posts follow civil service or government contract terms; outsourced posts are set by the contractor under the contract and roster. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["冇法定牌照或學歷規定，一般要求能應付體力勞動","政府及大型物業場地多由承辦商招聘，條件以承辦商公告為準","操作清潔機械或化學品前須接受僱主提供的安全訓練","要接受輪班、夜更及戶外工作安排"],"entryEn":["No statutory licence or academic requirement; fitness for physical work is expected","Government and large property venues mostly recruit through contractors, on their published terms","Safety training from the employer is required before handling cleaning machines or chemicals","Shift, night and outdoor work is part of the job"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"直接應徵清潔職位","titleEn":"Apply directly for cleaning work","stepsZh":["向承辦商或物業管理公司應徵","見工時問清楚更制、颱風安排同工具裝備","入職後熟習路線、機械操作同化學品安全","爭取帶組或負責單一設施，為升組長鋪路"],"stepsEn":["Apply to a contractor or property management company","Clarify the roster, typhoon arrangements and equipment at the interview","Learn the routes, machine operation and chemical safety on the job","Ask to lead a small team or take charge of a facility to prepare for team leader"],"sourceIds":["fehdGovHK","lcsdGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"清潔員","titleEn":"Cleaner"},{"titleZh":"清潔組長","titleEn":"Cleaning team leader"},{"titleZh":"管工／督導","titleEn":"Foreman / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"場地主管／承辦商管理層","titleEn":"Venue supervisor / contractor management"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"清潔員","titleEn":"Cleaner"},{"titleZh":"清潔組長","titleEn":"Cleaning team leader"},{"titleZh":"管工／督導","titleEn":"Foreman / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"場地主管／承辦商管理層","titleEn":"Venue supervisor / contractor management"}]},{"slug":"hairdresser","titleZh":"美髮師","titleEn":"Hairdresser","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","ledeZh":"美髮師做剪、染、燙同造型，係一門靠手藝同名聲累積嘅行業。香港冇法定美髮師註冊，入行幾乎一定由助理（洗頭、吹頭）開始，一邊做一邊跟師傅學；之後收入好大部分睇你自己嘅客源同拆帳方式。","ledeEn":"Hairdressers cut, colour, perm and style. It is a craft trade where your hands and your reputation compound over time. Hong Kong has no statutory hairdresser registration, and entry almost always starts as an assistant (shampooing and blow-drying) learning under a stylist; after that, a large share of your income depends on your own client base and how commission is split.","sections":[{"titleZh":"一日做啲乜","titleEn":"What the job actually looks like","bodyZh":"助理階段主要係洗頭、吹頭、遞工具、清潔同準備染燙用品；升到技師之後就要獨立做剪染燙、同客人溝通髮質同效果、拍照留紀錄、跟進燙染後護理。仲有唔少時間用喺清潔工具、補貨、社交媒體出帖吸客。週末、假期前同農曆新年前係最忙；沙龍通常行輪休，唔一定放紅日。","bodyEn":"As an assistant you shampoo, blow-dry, pass tools, clean and prepare colour and perm materials; as a stylist you cut, colour and perm independently, discuss hair condition and results with clients, photograph your work and follow up on aftercare. Plenty of time also goes on cleaning tools, restocking and posting on social media to attract clients. Weekends, pre-holiday periods and the run-up to Lunar New Year are the busiest; salons usually use rotating rest days rather than public holidays."},{"titleZh":"入行途徑同要準備嘅嘢","titleEn":"How people get in","bodyZh":"最常見係直接入沙龍做學徒／助理，跟師傅學洗吹技巧，再逐步學剪染燙；另一條路係先讀職業訓練局或私人學院嘅美髮課程（例如髮型設計、沙龍營運等），有基本理論同實習經驗再去應徵。無論走邊條路，都要靠練習時數同客人累積：技術、溝通（要問清楚客人想要咩）、衛生同時間管理，四樣缺一都做唔長。行內亦有國際品牌嘅產品訓練同技術認證課程，屬自願性質，唔係執業牌照。","bodyEn":"The usual route is to join a salon as an apprentice or assistant, learn shampooing and blow-drying under a stylist, then gradually pick up cutting and colouring; the other route is a hairdressing course at VTC or a private academy (hair design, salon operations), which gives you basic theory and placement experience before you apply. Either way it comes down to hours of practice and repeat clients: technique, consultation, hygiene and time management. Brand-run product and technical certification courses also exist, but they are voluntary, not practising licences."},{"titleZh":"收入模式同晉升","titleEn":"How pay works and where it leads","bodyZh":"美髮師冇官方薪級：行內常見係「底薪＋拆帳／佣金」，亦有人以租椅方式自僱，產品成本、租椅費、拆帳比例由沙龍同你議定。因此同一個職銜，收入可以差別好大，本站唔寫月薪估算。睇合約時要問清楚：底薪幾多、拆帳幾多百分比、旺季抽成會唔會調整、產品同工具係邊個出。晉升通常係助理 → 技師（髮型師）→ 資深髮型師／技術導師 → 沙龍主管 → 自己開店；有客源同管理能力嘅人，最後多數會選擇自營或合夥開店。","bodyEn":"There is no official pay scale: the common arrangement is base pay plus a commission split, and some stylists rent a chair and work self-employed, with product costs, chair rent and split percentages negotiated with the salon. Two jobs with the same title can therefore pay very differently, so no monthly figure is given here. Read the contract for the base, the split percentage, whether peak-season rates change, and who pays for products and tools. The usual ladder is assistant → stylist → senior stylist or technical trainer → salon supervisor → your own shop, and many stylists with a solid client base eventually go self-employed or open a salon with partners."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。行內多為「底薪＋拆帳／佣金」，或租椅自僱；比例、產品成本同租椅費由沙龍同從業員議定，本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. Base pay plus a commission split is standard, or chair rental for self-employed stylists; percentages, product costs and chair rent are agreed between salon and stylist, so no monthly figure is estimated here.","sourceIds":["vtcEducation","hkqf","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","entryZh":["無學歷硬性要求；部分沙龍要求中三或以上","能長時間站立，接受輪休（週末及假期通常要開工）","廣東話溝通；旅遊區或高消費沙龍會要求普通話／英語","無需經驗，可由助理或學徒做起","願意持續練習技術，並主動累積自己的客源"],"entryEn":["No hard academic requirement; some salons ask for Form 3 or above","Able to stand for long periods and accept rotating rest days (weekends and holidays are usually working days)","Cantonese; tourist-area or upmarket salons expect Putonghua and English","No experience needed — you can start as an assistant or apprentice","Willing to keep practising technique and to build your own client base"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"沙龍學徒／助理做起（最常見）","titleEn":"Start as a salon assistant","stepsZh":["應徵沙龍助理或學徒職位，由洗頭、吹頭開始","跟師傅學剪、染、燙同客人溝通技巧","累積練習時數，逐步接手獨立客人","建立自己客源後，談拆帳比例或轉做技師"],"stepsEn":["Apply as a salon assistant or apprentice, starting with shampooing and blow-drying","Learn cutting, colouring, perming and client consultation under a stylist","Build up practice hours and gradually take your own clients","Once you have a client base, negotiate your split or move up to stylist"],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanning"]},{"titleZh":"先讀美髮課程再入行","titleEn":"Study hairdressing first","stepsZh":["報讀職業訓練局或私人學院嘅美髮／髮型設計課程","在課程實習或兼職中練習洗剪吹基本功","畢業後以技師助理身分入職，加快接客進度","再考取品牌技術認證，擴闊可以做嘅服務範圍"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in a hairdressing or hair design course at VTC or a private academy","Practise basic shampooing, cutting and blow-drying during placement or part-time work","Join a salon as a junior stylist to reach paying clients sooner","Add brand technical certifications to widen the services you can offer"],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"助理／學徒","titleEn":"Assistant / Apprentice","noteZh":"以洗吹同準備工作為主"},{"titleZh":"髮型師（技師）","titleEn":"Stylist","noteZh":"可獨立接客，開始有拆帳"},{"titleZh":"資深髮型師／技術導師","titleEn":"Senior Stylist / Technical Trainer"},{"titleZh":"沙龍主管或東主","titleEn":"Salon Supervisor / Owner","noteZh":"視乎客源同管理能力"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"助理／學徒","titleEn":"Assistant / Apprentice","noteZh":"Mainly shampooing, blow-drying and preparation"},{"titleZh":"髮型師（技師）","titleEn":"Stylist","noteZh":"Takes clients independently and starts earning commission"},{"titleZh":"資深髮型師／技術導師","titleEn":"Senior Stylist / Technical Trainer"},{"titleZh":"沙龍主管或東主","titleEn":"Salon Supervisor / Owner","noteZh":"Depends on client base and management ability"}]},{"slug":"cook-chinese","titleZh":"中廚師","titleEn":"Chinese Cuisine Chef","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","ledeZh":"中廚師負責酒樓、飯店或酒店中菜出品；由學徒做起，按砧板、炒鑊、點心等崗位分工，食物安全受法例規管。","ledeEn":"Chinese cuisine chefs produce dishes in restaurants, eateries and hotels; most start as apprentices and specialise by station such as chopping board, wok or dim sum, with food safety regulated by law.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"廚房講求分工同節奏：開市前做備料同試味，繁忙時段按單出菜，要同打荷同傳菜配合；收市後做清潔、處理剩餘食材同準備翌日貨單。食材新舊同存放溫度直接影響出品同食安。","bodyEn":"Kitchens run on division of labour and rhythm: preparation and tasting before service, cooking to order at peak with the pass and runners coordinating, then cleaning down, dealing with leftover ingredients and preparing the next day's order list. Stock rotation and storage temperature directly affect both quality and food safety."},{"titleZh":"入行與訓練","titleEn":"Entry and training","bodyZh":"一般由學徒或雜工做起，冇硬性學歷要求；可讀 VTC 中廚或餐飲課程、參加學徒訓練計劃，並按需要完成食物衞生課程。持牌食肆要符合《食物業規例》嘅衞生要求，廚房人員要遵守處理食物、清潔同儲存嘅規定。","bodyEn":"Most begin as apprentices or kitchen helpers with no fixed academic requirement; a VTC Chinese cuisine or catering course or an apprenticeship scheme helps, along with a food hygiene course where required. Licensed premises must meet the Food Business Regulation's hygiene requirements, and kitchen staff follow rules on food handling, cleaning and storage."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按崗位、經驗同酒樓規模決定，冇法定薪級；包薪、拆帳或小費安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：學徒／雜工 → 砧板或打荷 → 炒鑊中廚 → 主廚／行政總廚，亦可轉做私房菜、食品研發或自己開店。","bodyEn":"The employer sets pay by station, experience and the size of the restaurant with no statutory scale; package pay, profit sharing or tips vary by company, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs apprentice or helper, chopping board or pass, wok chef, then head chef or executive chef, with moves into private dining, product development or running your own place."}],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation","fehdGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括備料（切配、汆水、醃製）、炒鑊或蒸燉、出品檢查同擺盤、控制出菜時間、清潔爐具同處理食材儲存（溫度同標籤）；酒樓更分點心、燒味、炒鑊、砧板、打荷等專責崗位。\n\n入行一般由學徒或雜工做起，跟師傅學手勢，同時可讀職業訓練局（VTC）中廚課程或參加學徒訓練計劃；食物安全方面要遵守《食物業規例》同持牌食肆嘅衞生要求，部分僱主要求完成食物衞生課程。工作時間長、長時間站立同高溫係常態。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes preparation such as cutting, blanching and marinating, wok cooking or steaming and braising, checking and plating dishes, timing the pass, cleaning the range and storing ingredients to temperature and labelling rules; restaurants split work into stations such as dim sum, roast meats, wok, chopping board and pass.\n\nMost start as apprentices or kitchen helpers learning from a master, often alongside a Vocational Training Council Chinese cuisine course or apprenticeship scheme. Food safety follows the Food Business Regulation and licensed premises hygiene requirements, and some employers ask for a food hygiene course. Long hours, standing and heat are normal.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由僱主按職級、酒樓規模及更制自訂，可能含生意獎金或貼士分帳；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set pay by rank, venue size and shift pattern, sometimes with a business bonus or shared tips; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["一般由學徒或雜工做起，無硬性學歷要求","可讀 VTC 中廚或餐飲課程，或參加學徒訓練計劃","須遵守《食物業規例》的衞生要求，部分僱主要求食物衞生課程","能接受長時間站立、高溫及輪班工作"],"entryEn":["Most start as apprentices or kitchen helpers; no fixed academic requirement","A VTC Chinese cuisine or catering course, or an apprenticeship scheme, helps","Food Business Regulation hygiene rules apply, and some employers ask for a food hygiene course","Able to handle long hours on feet, heat and shifts"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒／雜工 → 專責崗位 → 主廚","titleEn":"Apprentice or helper → station → head chef","stepsZh":["入行做學徒或雜工，學切配同基本工序","讀 VTC 課程或跟師傅學炒鑊、點心等專項","負責一個崗位（例如砧板、炒鑊）並確保出品穩定","累積經驗後任主廚，負責菜式設計同廚房管理"],"stepsEn":["Start as an apprentice or kitchen helper learning preparation and basic technique","Take a VTC course or specialise with a master in wok work or dim sum","Own a station such as chopping board or wok and keep quality consistent","Move up to head chef, taking on menu design and kitchen management"],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation","fehdGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／雜工","titleEn":"Apprentice / kitchen helper"},{"titleZh":"砧板／打荷","titleEn":"Chopping board / pass"},{"titleZh":"中廚（炒鑊）","titleEn":"Wok chef"},{"titleZh":"主廚／行政總廚","titleEn":"Head chef / executive chef"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／雜工","titleEn":"Apprentice / kitchen helper"},{"titleZh":"砧板／打荷","titleEn":"Chopping board / pass"},{"titleZh":"中廚（炒鑊）","titleEn":"Wok chef"},{"titleZh":"主廚／行政總廚","titleEn":"Head chef / executive chef"}]},{"slug":"taxi-driver","titleZh":"的士司機","titleEn":"Taxi Driver","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"的士司機係自僱色彩最重嘅職業之一：你可以租車做，亦可以自己持有的士牌；收入直接跟接單量、工時同成本掛鈎。入行嘅法定關卡唔係學歷，而係運輸署發出嘅的士司機證，同埋你所持駕駛執照嘅年資要求。","ledeEn":"Taxi driving is one of the most self-employed roles in Hong Kong: you can rent a car or own the taxi licence yourself, and your income tracks directly onto trips worked, hours and running costs. The statutory gate is not academic — it is the taxi driver identity card issued by the Transport Department, plus the driving-experience requirement attached to your licence.","sections":[{"titleZh":"一日做啲乜","titleEn":"What the job actually looks like","bodyZh":"開工前要檢查車況、油量同清潔，之後係咪錶載客、接電話或應用程式訂單、處理電子支付同收據；亦要應付塞車、乘客要求改路、輪椅或大型行李等情況。機場、口岸同指定站頭要排隊等客，交更時間同地點要同拍檔夾好。每日收入扣咗車租、油費、隧道費、保險同維修之後先係自己嘅。","bodyEn":"Before a shift you check the car, fuel and cleanliness, then take metered fares, phone or app bookings, and handle electronic payments and receipts — while dealing with traffic, route changes, wheelchairs and bulky luggage. Airports, boundary crossings and designated stands require queuing, and handover time and place must be agreed with your partner driver. Only after rent, fuel, tunnels, insurance and repairs does the day's takings become yours."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：的士司機證同駕駛年資","titleEn":"The gate: taxi driver identity card","bodyZh":"在香港駕駛的士載客取酬，必須持有運輸署發出嘅的士司機證，並符合運輸署訂明嘅申請資格（包括所持正式駕駛執照類別同年資）。詳情、所需文件同費用一律以運輸署公布為準，因為要求會修訂。要留意：冇有效嘅士司機證而載客取酬屬違法，罰則唔輕；車輛本身亦要有有效嘅士牌照。","bodyEn":"To carry passengers for reward in a taxi you must hold a taxi driver identity card issued by the Transport Department and meet its published eligibility conditions, including the class of full driving licence you hold and how long you have held it. Details, documents and fees are as published by the Transport Department, as the requirements are revised from time to time. Carrying passengers for reward without a valid card is an offence with serious penalties, and the vehicle itself needs a valid taxi licence."},{"titleZh":"收入結構、成本同風險","titleEn":"Income structure, costs and risks","bodyZh":"的士司機冇官方薪級，收入高低完全由接單量、工時、車租同燃油成本決定：租車司機要交車租，自僱車主就要承擔牌價、維修、保險同折舊。日更同夜更嘅客源同成本結構又唔同。因此本站唔寫「月入」數字，只提醒你計清楚實收：車租、油費、隧道費、罰款風險同休息日全部係成本。長遠可以累積客源、買的士牌自營，或者轉做車隊管理、司機培訓。","bodyEn":"There is no official pay scale: earnings depend entirely on trips, hours, rent and fuel. Rented-driver arrangements carry a daily or shift rent, while owner-drivers carry licence value, repairs, insurance and depreciation. Day and night shifts also have different demand and cost patterns. This site therefore prints no monthly figure and instead flags what to subtract: rent, fuel, tunnels, fines and unpaid rest days. Over time you can build a regular customer base, buy a licence and run your own car, or move into fleet management or driver training."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。收入由接單量、工時同成本（車租、燃油、隧道、保險、維修）決定；租車制同自僱車主制差異極大，本站不估算月入。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. Earnings depend on trips, hours and costs (rent, fuel, tunnels, insurance, repairs); the rented-driver and owner-driver models differ greatly, so no monthly figure is estimated here.","sourceIds":["tdlGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","entryZh":["持有效嘅正式駕駛執照，並符合運輸署訂明嘅類別同年資要求","向運輸署申請並持有有效嘅士司機證","車輛須有有效的士牌照及有效保險","熟習香港道路、隧道收費同電子支付操作","能應付長時間駕駛、輪班同突發路面情況"],"entryEn":["A valid full driving licence meeting the Transport Department's published class and experience requirements","A valid taxi driver identity card issued by the Transport Department","A vehicle with a valid taxi licence and insurance","Familiarity with Hong Kong roads, tunnel charges and electronic payment","Able to drive long hours, work shifts and handle sudden road situations"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"先取的士司機證，再租車開工","titleEn":"Get the card, then rent a car","stepsZh":["確認自己嘅駕駛執照類別同持牌年資符合運輸署要求","向運輸署申請的士司機證","與車行或車主安排租車、交更時間同車租","熟習咪錶、電子支付、機場及口岸排隊規則"],"stepsEn":["Check that your licence class and holding period meet Transport Department requirements","Apply to the Transport Department for the taxi driver identity card","Agree a rental car, handover times and rent with a taxi company or owner","Learn the meter, electronic payments and queuing rules at the airport and boundary crossings"],"sourceIds":["tdlGovHK"]},{"titleZh":"累積本錢後自營","titleEn":"Move to owner-driver","stepsZh":["先做租車司機，累積客源同儲蓄","購入的士牌或與他人合資持有","自行承擔維修、保險同驗車安排","長遠可考慮車隊管理或司機培訓"],"stepsEn":["Drive a rented taxi first to build a customer base and savings","Buy a taxi licence, alone or with partners","Take on repairs, insurance and vehicle inspections yourself","In the longer term, consider fleet management or driver training"],"sourceIds":["tdlGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"租車司機（日更／夜更）","titleEn":"Rented taxi driver (day or night shift)","noteZh":"需付車租，成本較易預算"},{"titleZh":"熟練司機（固定客源）","titleEn":"Experienced driver with regular customers"},{"titleZh":"自僱車主司機","titleEn":"Owner-driver","noteZh":"要自行承擔牌價、維修同保險"},{"titleZh":"車隊管理／司機培訓","titleEn":"Fleet management / driver training","noteZh":"非必然路線，視乎個人發展"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"租車司機（日更／夜更）","titleEn":"Rented taxi driver (day or night shift)","noteZh":"Pays shift rent; costs are easier to budget"},{"titleZh":"熟練司機（固定客源）","titleEn":"Experienced driver with regular customers"},{"titleZh":"自僱車主司機","titleEn":"Owner-driver","noteZh":"Carries licence value, repairs and insurance"},{"titleZh":"車隊管理／司機培訓","titleEn":"Fleet management / driver training","noteZh":"Not automatic; depends on personal direction"}]},{"slug":"plumber-qualified","titleZh":"註冊水喉匠","titleEn":"Registered Plumber","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"註冊水喉匠（持牌水喉匠）係唯一可以合法承接指定供水系統工程嘅身分，牌照由水務署簽發，要先通過水喉匠考試。","ledeEn":"A registered (licensed) plumber is the only person who may lawfully carry out specified water supply works; the licence is issued by the Water Supplies Department after passing its plumbing examination.","sections":[{"titleZh":"執業範圍","titleEn":"Scope of practice","bodyZh":"指定嘅供水系統工程（例如新裝或改動水錶、改動內部供水系統、接駁街喉）必須由持牌水喉匠處理，持牌人亦要就工程向水務署申請同提交證明文件。未持牌而做呢類工程，從業員同僱主都有法律風險。","bodyEn":"Specified water supply works, such as installing or altering a meter, altering internal plumbing or making a connection to a street main, must be handled by a licensed plumber, who also applies to the department and submits certification for the works. Carrying out such works without a licence exposes both the worker and the employer to legal risk."},{"titleZh":"如何取得牌照","titleEn":"How to get licensed","bodyZh":"一般先在行內做技工，累積水管工程實務年資，其後向水務署申請水喉匠考試（筆試及實務），並符合水務署公布嘅學歷同經驗條件；考試合格先獲發牌照。牌照有指定年期，續期要符合當時嘅要求，以水務署公布為準。","bodyEn":"In practice you first work as a plumbing technician to build up practical water pipe experience, then apply to the Water Supplies Department for the plumbing examination, which has a written and a practical part, and meet the published academic and experience conditions; the licence is issued on passing. It runs for a set term and renewal is subject to the requirements published at the time."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主或工程合約決定，冇法定薪級；自行承接工程就按報價扣物料同人工成本，利潤同工程數量同工期關係大，所以本站唔估算收入。持牌後可以獨立承接指定工程，亦可做管工、開設水喉工程公司，或者兼做物業維修同驗收工作。","bodyEn":"Pay is set by the employer or the works contract, with no statutory scale; those taking on their own contracts deduct material and labour costs from the quoted price, so profit tracks the number and duration of jobs and this site prints no estimate. Once licensed you can take on specified works independently, supervise a crew, set up a plumbing contracting firm, or combine this with property maintenance and inspection work."}],"sourceIds":["wsdGovHK","cicOrgHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"水務署根據《水務設施條例》同《水務設施規例》監管供水系統同水管工程：指定工程要由持牌水喉匠進行，或喺持牌人督導下進行，完工文件亦要由持牌人簽署。\n\n日常工作包括安裝同改動樓宇供水系統、水錶、水箱、水泵同消防供水設施，處理爆喉同水壓問題，做水質測試同系統沖洗，並按法例要求向水務署提交文件同跟進驗收。","bodyEn":"The Water Supplies Department regulates water supply systems and pipe works under the Waterworks Ordinance and Waterworks Regulations: specified works must be carried out by a licensed plumber, or under a licensed plumber's supervision, and completion documents must be signed by the licence holder.\n\nDaily work covers installing and altering building water supply systems, meters, tanks, pumps and fire services water supplies, dealing with burst pipes and pressure problems, carrying out water quality testing and system flushing, and submitting documents to the department and following up acceptance inspections.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由僱主或工程合約按日薪、件工或項目計；自行承接工程者自負成本。本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers or works contracts set pay by day rates, piece rates or project sums, and those taking on their own contracts bear their own costs; this site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["通過水務署水喉匠考試（筆試及實務）","符合水務署公布的申請條件，一般包括學歷及實務年資","持有有效的持牌水喉匠牌照","持續符合水務署的牌照及續期要求"],"entryEn":["Pass the Water Supplies Department plumbing examination (written and practical)","Meet the department's published application conditions, normally covering academic background and practical experience","Hold a valid licensed plumber licence","Continue to meet the department's licence and renewal requirements"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"技工年資 → 水喉匠考試 → 牌照","titleEn":"Practical experience → examination → licence","stepsZh":["在持牌水喉匠督導下累積水管工程年資","向水務署申請並報考水喉匠考試","通過筆試及實務考核","領取牌照後獨立承接指定供水系統工程"],"stepsEn":["Build water pipe experience under a licensed plumber's supervision","Apply to the Water Supplies Department and sit the plumbing examination","Pass the written and practical assessment","Take on specified water supply works independently after licensing"],"sourceIds":["wsdGovHK","cicOrgHK"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"水喉技工","titleEn":"Plumbing technician"},{"titleZh":"持牌水喉匠","titleEn":"Licensed plumber"},{"titleZh":"高級技工／管工","titleEn":"Senior technician / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"承辦商","titleEn":"Contractor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"水喉技工","titleEn":"Plumbing technician"},{"titleZh":"持牌水喉匠","titleEn":"Licensed plumber"},{"titleZh":"高級技工／管工","titleEn":"Senior technician / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"承辦商","titleEn":"Contractor"}]},{"slug":"security-manager","titleZh":"安保經理","titleEn":"Security Manager","industryZh":"物業及環境服務","industryEn":"Property & environmental services","sectorId":"property","ledeZh":"安保經理負責一個物業或一組場地嘅保安運作：編更、監督保安員、處理突發事件同執行保安計劃，多數由保安員或主管逐級升上去。","ledeEn":"A security manager runs security operations for a property or group of venues: rostering, supervising guards, handling incidents and implementing the security plan. Most move up from guard or supervisor roles.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"每更開始前要確認人手、崗位同特別指示；當更期間處理突發事件（爭執、盜竊、水浸、電力故障），需要時報警同通知管理處；事後要寫事件報告同跟進改善，例如加裝閉路電視或調整巡邏路線。","bodyEn":"Before each shift you confirm staffing, posts and special instructions, and during the shift you handle incidents such as disputes, theft, flooding or power failures, calling the police and notifying management as needed; afterwards you write incident reports and follow up improvements such as adding CCTV coverage or changing patrol routes."},{"titleZh":"入行與牌照","titleEn":"Entry and licensing","bodyZh":"保安人員許可證係硬關卡，管理層通常仍須持證；物業管理公司同從業員另有物業管理業監管局嘅發牌制度，實際適用範圍以該局公布為準。升經理一般要有帶更同處理事故嘅實務經驗，再補物業管理或設施管理課程。","bodyEn":"The Security Personnel Permit is the hard gate and managers normally still need one; property management companies and practitioners are also subject to the Property Management Services Authority licensing regime, whose scope follows what that authority publishes. Moving into management usually takes experience running a shift and handling incidents, plus a property or facilities management course."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按更制、場地類型同職級決定，冇法定薪級；外判合約嘅管理職位薪酬結構同直屬聘用唔同，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：保安員 → 保安主管 → 保安主任 → 安保經理 → 區域或集團保安經理。","bodyEn":"The employer sets pay according to roster, venue type and grade with no statutory scale; management posts under outsourced contracts are structured differently from directly employed staff, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs guard, security supervisor, security officer, security manager, then regional or group security manager."}],"sourceIds":["policeQas","hkqf","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"香港嘅保安工作受《保安及護衛服務條例》規管：從事保安工作要有警務處牌照課發出嘅保安人員許可證（按類別發出），聘用保安員嘅公司亦要領牌。\n\n經理層日常工作包括編排同檢查更表、巡樓同核對值勤紀錄、處理住戶或租戶投訴、調查失竊同損壞事件、寫報告、協調消防同緊急疏散演習、管理閉路電視同門禁系統，以及同物業管理處、外判公司開會跟進表現。","bodyEn":"Security work in Hong Kong is regulated by the Security and Guarding Services Ordinance: working as a guard requires a Security Personnel Permit issued by the Police Licensing Office by category, and companies supplying guards must also be licensed.\n\nAt manager level the work includes drawing up and checking rosters, patrolling and verifying duty records, handling resident or tenant complaints, investigating theft and damage, writing reports, coordinating fire and evacuation drills, managing CCTV and access control systems, and meeting the property management office and contractors to review performance.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由僱主按管理規模、場地類型及聘用模式自訂；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set pay by team size, venue type and employment model; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["持有警務處牌照課發出的保安人員許可證（管理層通常仍須持證）","一般要求中五或以上學歷及多年保安或物業管理經驗","物業管理相關職位可能須符合物業管理業監管局的發牌要求","要熟悉更表管理、事故調查、消防及緊急應變程序"],"entryEn":["Hold a Security Personnel Permit from the Police Licensing Office, which managers normally still need","Secondary 5 or above is usual, with several years of security or property management experience","Property management roles may need to meet Property Management Services Authority licensing requirements","Familiarity with rostering, incident investigation and fire and emergency procedures"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"保安員 → 主管 → 經理","titleEn":"Guard → supervisor → manager","stepsZh":["考取保安人員許可證及完成認可訓練","由保安員做起，累積處理事故經驗","升任保安主管，負責帶更同巡查","補讀物業管理課程後升任保安主任／經理"],"stepsEn":["Obtain the Security Personnel Permit and complete recognised training","Start as a guard and build experience handling incidents","Move up to supervisor, running a shift and inspections","Add a property management course and step up to security officer or manager"],"sourceIds":["policeQas","hkqf"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"保安員","titleEn":"Security guard"},{"titleZh":"保安主管","titleEn":"Security supervisor"},{"titleZh":"保安主任","titleEn":"Security officer"},{"titleZh":"安保經理","titleEn":"Security manager"},{"titleZh":"區域／集團保安經理","titleEn":"Regional / group security manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"保安員","titleEn":"Security guard"},{"titleZh":"保安主管","titleEn":"Security supervisor"},{"titleZh":"保安主任","titleEn":"Security officer"},{"titleZh":"安保經理","titleEn":"Security manager"},{"titleZh":"區域／集團保安經理","titleEn":"Regional / group security manager"}]},{"slug":"nursing-assistant","titleZh":"健康服務助理","titleEn":"Health Care Assistant","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"健康服務助理（HCA）喺醫院、診所同院舍協助護士照顧病人，唔係註冊護士：可以做嘅護理程序有明確界線。","ledeEn":"Health care assistants (HCAs) support nurses with patient care in hospitals, clinics and care homes. They are not registered nurses, and the procedures they may carry out are clearly bounded.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"病房工作節奏緊密：按更表照顧指定病人，協助護士做治療前後嘅準備同護理，記錄病人情況同異常並向護士報告，亦要維持環境清潔同補充物資。院舍嘅 HCA 亦會協助長者日常起居同活動。","bodyEn":"Ward work is fast-paced: you care for assigned patients on the roster, help nurses prepare for and follow up treatments, record and report changes or abnormalities to the nurse, and keep the environment clean and stocked. In care homes, HCAs also support residents with daily living and activities."},{"titleZh":"入行與訓練","titleEn":"Entry and training","bodyZh":"一般要求中三至中五程度，能應付輪班、夜更同體力工作；無須註冊，但入職後要完成機構提供嘅在職訓練（例如病人轉移、感染控制、生命表徵量度），部分僱主要求認可嘅健康服務助理或保健員課程資歷。","bodyEn":"Secondary 3 to Secondary 5 is typical, with fitness for shifts, night duty and physical work. No registration is needed, but you must complete the employer's in-service training, such as patient handling, infection control and vital signs, and some employers ask for a recognised health care assistant or care worker qualification."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"公營機構嘅健康服務助理按醫管局公布嘅薪酬安排支薪，私家醫院、診所同院舍就由僱主自訂；夜班同輪班津貼通常另計，實際金額以僱主公布為準，本站唔列數字。路線：健康服務助理 → 專科組別（手術室、急症室支援）→ 病房支援主管，亦可進修成為登記或註冊護士。","bodyEn":"In the public sector, health care assistants are paid on the Hospital Authority's published arrangements, while private hospitals, clinics and care homes set their own; night and shift allowances usually come on top, with actual amounts as published by the employer, and this site prints no figures. The route runs health care assistant, specialist support areas such as operating theatres or emergency departments, then ward support supervisor, with the option of training as an enrolled or registered nurse."}],"sourceIds":["haGovHK","vtcEducation","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括協助病人進食、清潔、轉身同攙扶，量度體溫、脈搏、血壓等基本生命表徵，準備同清潔儀器，運送病人同標本，並協助護士做簡單程序同記錄。\n\n要留意界線：註冊護士、登記護士同健康服務助理嘅工作範圍由醫管局或僱主按職位訂明，藥物、注射同高風險程序屬護理專業範圍；HCA 要按訓練同指示工作，唔可以自行判斷處理。入行一般中三至中五程度，機構會提供在職訓練，部分要求完成認可嘅健康服務助理或保健員課程。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes helping patients eat, wash, turn and move, measuring basic vital signs such as temperature, pulse and blood pressure, preparing and cleaning equipment, moving patients and specimens, and assisting nurses with simple procedures and records.\n\nThe boundaries matter: the scope of registered nurses, enrolled nurses and health care assistants is defined by the Hospital Authority or the employer for each post, and medication, injections and high-risk procedures sit within the nursing profession. HCAs work within their training and instructions rather than deciding on their own. Entry is usually Secondary 3 to Secondary 5, with in-service training provided, and some employers require a recognised health care assistant or care worker course.","payBasisZh":"公營機構按醫管局薪酬架構；私家醫院、診所及院舍由僱主自訂。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"Public hospital posts follow the Hospital Authority pay structure; private hospitals, clinics and care homes set their own. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["一般要求中三至中五程度，能應付輪班、夜更及體力工作","無須註冊；入職後須完成機構提供的在職訓練","部分機構要求完成認可的健康服務助理或保健員課程","涉及藥物及高風險程序的護理工作屬護士專業範圍，不可自行處理"],"entryEn":["Secondary 3 to Secondary 5 is typical, with fitness for shifts, night duty and physical work","No registration required, but in-service training must be completed","Some employers ask for a recognised health care assistant or care worker course","Medication and high-risk procedures belong to nursing practice and are out of scope"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"直接應徵 → 在職訓練","titleEn":"Apply directly → in-service training","stepsZh":["向醫管局、私家醫院或院舍應徵健康服務助理","入職後完成病人護理、感染控制等在職訓練","熟悉病房或院舍運作後負責指定病人組別","進修認可課程，逐步轉做護士或其他專職"],"stepsEn":["Apply to the Hospital Authority, private hospitals or care homes","Complete in-service training in patient care and infection control","Take responsibility for an assigned patient group once familiar","Study a recognised course to move towards nursing or another specialism"],"sourceIds":["haGovHK","vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"健康服務助理","titleEn":"Health care assistant"},{"titleZh":"專科組別支援（手術室／急症室）","titleEn":"Specialist support (theatres / A&E)"},{"titleZh":"病房支援主管","titleEn":"Ward support supervisor"},{"titleZh":"登記／註冊護士（進修後）","titleEn":"Enrolled / registered nurse (after further study)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"健康服務助理","titleEn":"Health care assistant"},{"titleZh":"專科組別支援（手術室／急症室）","titleEn":"Specialist support (theatres / A&E)"},{"titleZh":"病房支援主管","titleEn":"Ward support supervisor"},{"titleZh":"登記／註冊護士（進修後）","titleEn":"Enrolled / registered nurse (after further study)"}]},{"slug":"retail-supervisor","titleZh":"零售主管","titleEn":"Retail Supervisor","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","ledeZh":"零售主管負責店舖日常運作：排班、銷售目標、陳列同員工督導，係前線同事同管理層之間嘅橋樑。","ledeEn":"Retail supervisors run the day-to-day operation of a shop: rosters, sales targets, display and staff supervision, acting as the bridge between the shop floor and management.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"主管要兼顧數字同人手：早上看銷售同庫存報表、安排補貨同陳列調整，營業期間處理客訴同突發缺貨，收市後對帳同寫更表；月尾同推廣期要跟目標進度同分配人手。","bodyEn":"Supervisors balance numbers and people: reading sales and stock reports in the morning, arranging replenishment and display changes, handling complaints and stock-outs during trade, and reconciling takings and writing the roster at close, while tracking targets and staffing around month end and promotions."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"一般要求中五或以上學歷同數年零售經驗，具備基本電腦操作、英語或普通話應對能力；部分僱主要求完成內部或外部管理培訓。有陳列、庫存或收銀系統經驗較有利。","bodyEn":"Secondary 5 or above with several years in retail is usual, along with basic computer skills and English or Putonghua; some employers ask for internal or external management training. Experience with display, stock systems or point-of-sale software helps."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬多數係底薪加店舖佣金或獎金，冇法定薪級；目標獎金同超時安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：資深店務員 → 店務主管 → 店長 → 區域主管或零售營運經理，亦可轉做採購、陳列或培訓。","bodyEn":"Pay is usually a base plus store commission or bonus with no statutory scale; target bonuses and overtime arrangements vary by company, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs senior sales associate, supervisor, store manager, then area supervisor or retail operations manager, with moves into buying, visual merchandising or training."}],"sourceIds":["hkretailOrgHK","vtcEducation","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括開店同收店程序、安排更表同分配工作、監察銷售目標同補貨、處理客人投訴同退換、檢查陳列同標價、培訓新人同處理收銀差異；旺季（例如購物節、年尾）要加班同加人手。\n\n入職要求：一般要求中五或以上學歷、數年零售前線經驗，具備基本電腦操作同英語或普通話應對能力；部分連鎖店要求完成內部管理培訓。行內重視銷售技巧、庫存管理同人事協調。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes opening and closing procedures, drawing up rosters and allocating tasks, monitoring sales targets and replenishment, handling customer complaints and returns, checking display and pricing, training newcomers and investigating till discrepancies; peak seasons such as shopping festivals and year end bring overtime and extra staff.\n\nEntry usually means Secondary 5 or above with several years of shop floor experience, basic computer skills and English or Putonghua for customers; some chains require internal management training. Sales skill, stock control and people coordination are what the trade values.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級，多為「底薪＋店舖獎金／佣金」，公式由僱主決定；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale; usually a base rate plus store bonus or commission on an employer-set formula. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中五或以上學歷，具零售前線經驗","懂基本電腦操作及英語／普通話應對","能接受輪班、假日工作及旺季加班","具備庫存管理及督導經驗者優先"],"entryEn":["Secondary 5 or above with shop floor experience","Basic computer skills and English or Putonghua for customers","Available for shifts, holidays and peak-season overtime","Stock management and supervisory experience preferred"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"店務員 → 主管 → 店長","titleEn":"Sales associate → supervisor → store manager","stepsZh":["由店務員做起，熟悉產品同收銀系統","負責陳列或庫存範疇，開始帶新人","升任主管，負責更表同日常運作","累積業績後升任店長或轉做區域管理"],"stepsEn":["Start as a sales associate learning products and the till system","Own a display or stock area and begin training newcomers","Step up to supervisor, running rosters and daily operations","Move to store manager or area management with a track record"],"sourceIds":["hkretailOrgHK","vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"資深店務員","titleEn":"Senior sales associate"},{"titleZh":"店務主管","titleEn":"Retail supervisor"},{"titleZh":"店長","titleEn":"Store manager"},{"titleZh":"區域主管／零售營運經理","titleEn":"Area supervisor / retail operations manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"資深店務員","titleEn":"Senior sales associate"},{"titleZh":"店務主管","titleEn":"Retail supervisor"},{"titleZh":"店長","titleEn":"Store manager"},{"titleZh":"區域主管／零售營運經理","titleEn":"Area supervisor / retail operations manager"}]},{"slug":"airport-ground-staff","titleZh":"機場地勤人員","titleEn":"Airport Ground Staff","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","ledeZh":"機場地勤人員（客運服務）喺客運大樓處理登機手續、行李同登機閘口服務；要輪班，並須通過背景審查申請機場禁區通行證。","ledeEn":"Airport ground staff in passenger services handle check-in, baggage and boarding gate work; the job is shift-based and requires vetting for an airport restricted area permit.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"航班起降高峰時，櫃位同閘口都排長龍：要快手核對文件、磅行李、處理超重收費，同時保持禮貌同準確；遇有航班改動要即時通知乘客同安排改簽或酒店，並同航空公司控制中心保持聯絡。","bodyEn":"At peak departure times both counters and gates are crowded: documents must be checked quickly, baggage weighed and excess charges handled, all while staying polite and accurate. When flights change, passengers must be informed and rebooked or accommodated, keeping in touch with the airline's control centre."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"以航空公司或地勤服務公司招聘公告為準：中學程度、良好中英文（部分職位要求普通話）、能接受輪班、通宵及颱風期間值勤；入職後接受系統操作、行李規則、危險品 Awareness 同客戶服務訓練，並須通過背景審查取得禁區證。","bodyEn":"As advertised by the airline or ground handler: secondary education, good Chinese and English and sometimes Putonghua, and availability for shifts, overnight and typhoon duty. Training covers systems, baggage rules, dangerous goods awareness and customer service, and vetting is needed for the restricted area permit."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由航空公司或地勤公司按職級、更制同經驗決定，另有輪班同夜班津貼，實際安排以公司公布為準，本站唔估算收入。路線：客運服務員 → 資深服務員或組長 → 值班主管 → 客運服務經理，亦可轉做航空貨運、配載或機場運作。","bodyEn":"The airline or handler sets pay by grade, roster and experience plus shift and night allowances, with details as published and no estimate printed here. The route runs passenger services agent, senior agent or team leader, duty supervisor, then passenger services manager, with moves into air cargo, load control or airport operations."}],"sourceIds":["hkairportAuth","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括辦理登機手續同寄存行李、核對旅行證件同簽證、處理超重或特殊行李、喺登機閘口安排上機、應對航班延誤或取消時嘅乘客安排，以及協助輪椅乘客同獨行兒童。\n\n入職要求以航空公司或地勤服務公司招聘公告為準：一般要求中學程度、良好中英文（部分職位要普通話）、能接受輪班同通宵工作；入職後接受航空公司系統同安全訓練，並要通過背景審查申請機場禁區通行證。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes checking passengers in and taking baggage, verifying travel documents and visas, handling overweight or special baggage, boarding flights at the gate, managing passengers when flights are delayed or cancelled, and assisting wheelchair users and unaccompanied minors.\n\nEntry follows the airline's or ground handler's recruitment notices: secondary education is usual, with good Chinese and English and sometimes Putonghua, and availability for shifts and overnight work. Training covers airline systems and safety, and an airport restricted area permit requires vetting.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由航空公司或地勤公司按職位、輪班制及津貼安排自訂；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Airlines and ground handlers set pay by role, shift pattern and allowances; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中學程度（以航空公司或地勤公司招聘公告為準）","良好中英文，部分職位要求普通話","通過背景審查並取得機場禁區通行證","能接受輪班、通宵及颱風期間值勤"],"entryEn":["Secondary education, as advertised by the airline or ground handler","Good Chinese and English, with Putonghua for some posts","Pass vetting and obtain an airport restricted area permit","Available for shifts, overnight and typhoon duty"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"應徵 → 系統訓練 → 櫃位及閘口當值","titleEn":"Apply → systems training → counter and gate duty","stepsZh":["向航空公司或地勤服務公司應徵","通過面試及語文評估、完成背景審查","接受系統操作、行李規則及安全訓練","派駐客運大樓，輪班處理登機及閘口事務"],"stepsEn":["Apply to an airline or ground handling company","Pass the interview and language assessment and complete vetting","Train in systems, baggage rules and safety","Work shifts at the terminal handling check-in and gates"],"sourceIds":["hkairportAuth"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"客運服務員","titleEn":"Passenger services agent"},{"titleZh":"資深服務員／組長","titleEn":"Senior agent / team leader"},{"titleZh":"值班主管","titleEn":"Duty supervisor"},{"titleZh":"客運服務經理","titleEn":"Passenger services manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"客運服務員","titleEn":"Passenger services agent"},{"titleZh":"資深服務員／組長","titleEn":"Senior agent / team leader"},{"titleZh":"值班主管","titleEn":"Duty supervisor"},{"titleZh":"客運服務經理","titleEn":"Passenger services manager"}]},{"slug":"primary-school-tutor","titleZh":"小學補習老師","titleEn":"Primary School Tutor","industryZh":"教育及培訓","industryEn":"Education & training","sectorId":"education","ledeZh":"補習老師喺補習社或私營教育中心教小學生；唔屬學校教師編制，一般唔需教師註冊，但學校註冊同商業營運規定仍要留意。","ledeEn":"Tutors teach primary pupils at tutorial centres or private education centres; they are outside the school teaching establishment and normally need no teacher registration, though school registration and business rules still apply.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"工作以班組為主：一班由幾位到十幾位學生，導師要按程度調整教材、控制進度同秩序，並在課後同家長交代表現；亦要做教材整理同記錄學生進度。","bodyEn":"Work is mostly class-based: groups of a few to a dozen pupils, with the tutor adjusting materials to levels, keeping pace and order, and briefing parents afterwards, along with preparing materials and recording progress."},{"titleZh":"入行與規管","titleEn":"Entry and regulation","bodyZh":"一般無需教師註冊；僱主要求大學程度或相關科目成績，並看重表達能力同課堂管理。如營運者以「學校」名義提供正規課程，須留意《教育條例》嘅學校註冊要求；補習社本身要符合公司註冊、商業登記同相關樓宇／消防要求。","bodyEn":"Teacher registration is not normally required; employers ask for university-level study or strong subject results and value communication and classroom management. Operators providing a regular curriculum under a school name must consider school registration under the Education Ordinance, and centres must meet company and business registration plus building and fire requirements."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬按時薪、班數或底薪加抽成計算，冇法定薪級；學生人數同班種（單對單、小組）影響收入，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：兼職補習老師 → 全職導師 → 資深導師或科目主管 → 分校主管或自設教育中心。","bodyEn":"Pay is hourly, per class or a base plus a share with no statutory scale; income depends on the number of pupils and format such as one-to-one or small groups, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs part-time tutor, full-time tutor, senior tutor or subject head, then centre manager or running your own education centre."}],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanning","edbPostsec","hkeaaGovHK"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括備課、按學生程度設計練習、批改同講解、控制課堂秩序、同家長報告進度、協助試堂同招生；旺季（考試前）工作量特別大，多數要輪班（下午至晚上同週末）。\n\n入職要求：一般冇法定牌照或學歷規定，僱主多要求大學程度或相關科目成績良好，並重視耐性同表達能力；如以「學校」名義營運或提供正規課程，就要留意《教育條例》下嘅學校註冊要求，商業營運亦須符合公司註冊同商業登記規定。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes preparation, setting exercises to the pupil's level, marking and explaining, keeping classroom order, reporting progress to parents and helping with trial lessons and enrolment; peak periods before examinations are intense and most work is rostered across afternoons, evenings and weekends.\n\nEntry has no statutory licence or academic requirement, and employers usually look for university-level study or strong results in the subject taught, together with patience and communication skill. Centres operating as a school or offering a regular curriculum must consider registration under the Education Ordinance, and the business itself must meet company registration and business registration requirements.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。受僱者由僱主按課節、學生人數及資歷自訂；自由身導師自行定價。本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set employed tutors' pay by lessons, class size and experience, while freelance tutors set their own rates. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["一般無法定牌照要求，僱主多要求大學程度或相關科目成績","須具備耐性、表達能力及課堂管理技巧","以學校名義營運須符合《教育條例》註冊要求","補習社須符合公司註冊、商業登記及相關樓宇規定"],"entryEn":["Usually no statutory licence; university-level study or strong subject results expected","Patience, clear communication and classroom management matter","Operating as a school requires registration under the Education Ordinance","Centres must meet company, business registration and premises requirements"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"兼職導師 → 全職 → 科目主管","titleEn":"Part-time tutor → full-time → subject head","stepsZh":["由兼職或助教做起，累積課堂經驗","設計教材並建立自己的教學方法","負責指定年級或科目，跟進學生進度","升任科目主管或分校主管，甚至自行開班"],"stepsEn":["Start part-time or as a teaching assistant to gain classroom experience","Design materials and develop your own teaching approach","Own a year group or subject and track pupil progress","Move up to subject head or centre manager, or open your own classes"],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanning","edbPostsec"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"兼職補習老師","titleEn":"Part-time tutor"},{"titleZh":"全職導師","titleEn":"Full-time tutor"},{"titleZh":"資深導師／科目主管","titleEn":"Senior tutor / subject head"},{"titleZh":"分校主管或自設中心","titleEn":"Centre manager / own centre"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"兼職補習老師","titleEn":"Part-time tutor"},{"titleZh":"全職導師","titleEn":"Full-time tutor"},{"titleZh":"資深導師／科目主管","titleEn":"Senior tutor / subject head"},{"titleZh":"分校主管或自設中心","titleEn":"Centre manager / own centre"}]},{"slug":"chef-western","titleZh":"西廚師","titleEn":"Western Cuisine Chef","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","ledeZh":"西廚師負責西餐出品，由前菜、主菜到甜品按崗位分工；廚房有食物安全要求，工作時間長同高溫。","ledeEn":"Western cuisine chefs produce dishes from starters to mains and desserts, working in stations; kitchens carry food safety duties and the work means long hours and heat.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"廚房按服務時間運作：開市前做 prep 同試味，服務期間按單出菜並同傳菜協調，收市後清潔、標籤食材同預備翌日工序。低溫慢煮同醬汁等工序要提早準備，所以時間管理好重要。","bodyEn":"Kitchens run to service times: preparation and tasting before opening, cooking to order during service in step with the pass, then cleaning, labelling ingredients and setting up the next day's tasks afterwards. Slow cooking and sauces need lead time, which makes scheduling important."},{"titleZh":"入行與訓練","titleEn":"Entry and training","bodyZh":"一般由學徒或廚房助理做起，冇硬性學歷要求；可讀職業訓練局西式餐飲課程或烹飪學院課程，並按需要完成食物衞生課程。實際烹調技巧主要靠廚房實戰同跟師傅，英文食譜同標準食譜（standard recipe）係日常工作一部分。","bodyEn":"Most start as apprentices or kitchen assistants with no fixed academic requirement, and a Vocational Training Council western catering or culinary school course helps, along with a food hygiene course where required. Technique is largely learned on the line from senior chefs, and English recipes and standard recipe cards are part of the job."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按崗位、經驗同餐廳級數決定，冇法定薪級；服務費分帳、超時同包薪安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：學徒／廚房助理 → 初級廚師（Commis）→ 部門廚師 → 主廚（Sous Chef）→ 行政總廚，亦可轉做食品研發或自己開店。","bodyEn":"The employer sets pay by station, experience and the standing of the restaurant with no statutory scale; service charge sharing, overtime and package pay vary by company, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs apprentice or kitchen assistant, commis chef, chef de partie, sous chef, then executive chef, with moves into product development or opening your own place."}],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation","fehdGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括備料（切配、醬汁、高湯）、按單烹調（煎、烤、燉、慢煮）、擺盤、控制出品時間同溫度、清潔同處理食材儲存；酒店同高級餐廳會細分冷廚房、熱廚房、甜品同肉房等崗位。\n\n入行一般由學徒或廚房助理做起，可讀職業訓練局西式餐飲課程或烹飪學院課程；食物安全要遵守《食物業規例》，部分僱主要求食物衞生課程。食譜同菜名多為英文，需要基本英語閱讀能力。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes preparation such as cutting, sauces and stocks, cooking to order by pan-frying, roasting, braising or slow cooking, plating, timing and temperature control, cleaning and storing ingredients; hotels and fine dining kitchens split work into cold kitchen, hot kitchen, pastry and butchery stations.\n\nMost start as apprentices or kitchen assistants, often with a Vocational Training Council western catering course or a culinary school programme. Food safety follows the Food Business Regulation, and some employers ask for a food hygiene course. Recipes and dish names are often in English, so basic reading ability helps.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由僱主按職級、酒店或餐廳規模及更制自訂，或含服務費分帳；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set pay by rank, size of operation and shift pattern, sometimes with a service charge share; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["一般由學徒或廚房助理做起，無硬性學歷要求","可讀 VTC 西式餐飲課程或烹飪學院課程","須遵守《食物業規例》的衞生要求，部分僱主要求食物衞生課程","需基本英語閱讀能力（食譜及菜名）"],"entryEn":["Most start as apprentices or kitchen assistants; no fixed academic requirement","A VTC western catering or culinary school course helps","Food Business Regulation hygiene rules apply, and some employers ask for a food hygiene course","Basic English reading helps for recipes and dish names"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒 → 部門廚師 → 主廚","titleEn":"Apprentice → chef de partie → head chef","stepsZh":["入行做學徒或廚房助理，學基本刀工同備料","按興趣專攻熱廚房、冷廚房或甜品","負責一個崗位並保持出品穩定","累積經驗後任主廚或行政總廚"],"stepsEn":["Start as an apprentice or kitchen assistant learning knife skills and preparation","Specialise in hot kitchen, cold kitchen or pastry","Own a station and keep quality consistent","Move up to head chef or executive chef"],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation","fehdGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／廚房助理","titleEn":"Apprentice / kitchen assistant"},{"titleZh":"初級廚師（Commis）","titleEn":"Commis chef"},{"titleZh":"部門廚師（Chef de Partie）","titleEn":"Chef de partie"},{"titleZh":"主廚（Sous Chef）","titleEn":"Sous chef"},{"titleZh":"行政總廚","titleEn":"Executive chef"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／廚房助理","titleEn":"Apprentice / kitchen assistant"},{"titleZh":"初級廚師（Commis）","titleEn":"Commis chef"},{"titleZh":"部門廚師（Chef de Partie）","titleEn":"Chef de partie"},{"titleZh":"主廚（Sous Chef）","titleEn":"Sous chef"},{"titleZh":"行政總廚","titleEn":"Executive chef"}]},{"slug":"logistics-delivery","titleZh":"速遞員","titleEn":"Delivery Courier","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"速遞員負責收件、派件同路線安排，常見於快遞公司同電商配送；多數按件或按日計酬，要應付時限、體力搬運同天氣變化。","ledeEn":"Couriers collect and deliver parcels and plan their routes, typically with express companies or e-commerce delivery; pay is often per parcel or per day and the work involves deadlines, lifting and weather.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"一日由分貨開始：按區域分件、上車、按應用程式指示逐戶派送，遇到收件人唔在場就要改時間或交自取點。旺季（購物節、年尾）件量急增，加班同超時係常態。","bodyEn":"The day starts with sorting: dividing parcels by district, loading up and delivering door to door following the app, and rescheduling or diverting to a pickup point when nobody is home. Peak seasons such as shopping festivals and year end bring a surge, and overtime is normal."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"一般冇學歷門檻；如用電單車或客貨車派送，須持相關駕駛執照同良好駕駛紀錄，並要熟悉地區同懂得用派件應用。自僱司機要自行負擔車輛、油費同保險，接單前要問清楚每件價錢同超區安排。","bodyEn":"There is usually no academic threshold; motorcycle or van delivery needs the relevant licence and a clean driving record, plus district knowledge and app skills. Self-employed drivers cover their own vehicle, fuel and insurance, and should check the per-parcel rate and out-of-area terms before taking work."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬多數按件計、按日薪或底薪加件數獎金，冇法定薪級；自僱司機扣成本後嘅淨收入波動大，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：速遞員 → 資深派送員或組長 → 站點主管 → 區域運作主管，亦可轉做倉務、調度或客戶服務。","bodyEn":"Pay is usually per parcel, a day rate or a base plus volume bonus with no statutory scale; net income for self-employed drivers swings widely after costs, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs courier, senior courier or team leader, depot supervisor, then regional operations supervisor, with moves into warehousing, dispatch or customer service."}],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括按路線提取同派送包裹、處理簽收同拒收、掃描條碼更新系統、處理特別指示（例如代收貨款或指定時間送達）、回站交件同結算；部分工種要駕駛電單車或客貨車。\n\n入職要求：一般冇學歷門檻，但如使用車輛派送就要持相關駕駛執照，並要熟悉派送區域同懂得使用手機應用；僱主會提供系統同安全訓練。自僱或按件計酬嘅速遞員要自行安排交通、保險同休息時間。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes collecting and delivering parcels on a route, obtaining signatures or handling refusals, scanning barcodes to update the system, following special instructions such as cash on delivery or time slots, then returning to the depot and settling accounts; some roles use motorcycles or vans.\n\nEntry has no academic threshold, but driving roles need the relevant licence, and you must know your delivery district and be comfortable with mobile apps. Employers provide system and safety training. Self-employed or piece-rate couriers arrange their own transport, insurance and rest.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。受僱者多為「底薪＋派件獎金」；自僱者自負車租、燃油及保險成本。本站不估算月入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employees are usually paid a base rate plus a per-parcel bonus; self-employed riders carry their own vehicle, fuel and insurance costs. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["一般無學歷門檻；需熟悉地區及使用手機應用","如使用車輛派送，須持相關駕駛執照","由僱主提供系統及安全訓練","能應付時限、體力搬運及天氣變化"],"entryEn":["Usually no academic threshold; district knowledge and app skills are needed","Driving roles require the relevant licence","Employer-provided system and safety training","Able to handle deadlines, lifting and weather"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"應徵派件 → 熟習區域 → 獨立派送","titleEn":"Apply for delivery → learn the district → deliver solo","stepsZh":["向快遞公司或電商配送商應徵","跟車學習分件、路線及應用程式操作","熟悉區域後獨立負責派送路線","累積表現後轉做組長或站點職位"],"stepsEn":["Apply to an express company or e-commerce delivery operator","Learn sorting, routing and the app alongside an experienced courier","Take charge of a delivery route once familiar","Move into team leader or depot roles with a track record"],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanning"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"速遞員","titleEn":"Courier"},{"titleZh":"資深派送員／組長","titleEn":"Senior courier / team leader"},{"titleZh":"站點主管","titleEn":"Depot supervisor"},{"titleZh":"區域運作主管","titleEn":"Regional operations supervisor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"速遞員","titleEn":"Courier"},{"titleZh":"資深派送員／組長","titleEn":"Senior courier / team leader"},{"titleZh":"站點主管","titleEn":"Depot supervisor"},{"titleZh":"區域運作主管","titleEn":"Regional operations supervisor"}]},{"slug":"aircon-technician","titleZh":"冷氣技術員","titleEn":"Air Conditioning Technician","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"冷氣技術員做空調系統嘅安裝、保養同維修，會接觸受管制雪種同電力部分，所以法定同安全要求都跟得緊。","ledeEn":"An air-conditioning technician installs, services and repairs air-conditioning systems, working with controlled refrigerants and the electrical side of the equipment, so statutory and safety requirements both apply.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"安裝階段要吊裝室外機、鋪設冷媒管同去水管、做真空抽氣同試運行；保養階段就定期清洗盤管同濾網、檢查壓縮機電流、量度出水同回風溫度、記錄數據。夏天同維修高𡶶期工作量大，常要輪班同緊急出勤。","bodyEn":"Installation involves mounting outdoor units, running refrigerant and drain pipes, pulling a vacuum and commissioning; maintenance involves cleaning coils and filters, checking compressor current, measuring supply and return temperatures and keeping records. Peak summer and breakdown periods are busy, with shift and emergency call-out work."},{"titleZh":"入行與法定要求","titleEn":"Entry and statutory requirements","bodyZh":"行內一般要求中三或以上學歷，讀職業訓練局空調製冷／屋宇裝備課程或經學徒訓練入行；地盤工作要持建造業工人註冊證同完成認可安全訓練。電力部分涉及《電力條例》下嘅註冊要求；雪種處理要符合環保署規定，實際條件以機電工程署同環保署公布為準。","bodyEn":"Secondary 3 or above is usual, with a Vocational Training Council air-conditioning, refrigeration or building services course or an apprenticeship; site work needs a registered construction worker card and recognised safety training. The electrical side engages the registration requirements under the Electricity Ordinance, and refrigerant handling must meet the Environmental Protection Department's rules, as published by both departments."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬冇法定薪級，由僱主按日薪或月薪決定；自僱或做外判保養合約就按報價扣物料同人工成本，本站唔估算收入。路線：學徒／助理 → 冷氣技工 → 高級技工或主管 → 承辦商，亦可專做調試、能源管理或冷凍設備。","bodyEn":"There is no statutory pay scale: the employer sets day rates or monthly pay, while contractors on maintenance contracts deduct materials and labour from the quoted price, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs apprentice or assistant, air-conditioning technician, senior technician or supervisor, then contractor, with scope to specialise in commissioning, energy management or refrigeration plant."}],"sourceIds":["emsdGovHK","vtcEducation","epdEr2002","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"冷氣工作大致分三類：住宅窗口機同分體機嘅安裝、清洗同加雪種；商廈、商場同機房嘅中央空調（冷水機組、風櫃、水泵、冷卻塔）保養；以及工程項目嘅風管同管道安裝。\n\n技術員要識睇圖、量度風量同冷媒壓力、用儀表判斷故障，亦要遵守兩條界線：固定電力裝置部分要由註冊電業工程人員處理；雪種屬環保署規管嘅受管制物質，回收同處理有程序要求。入行一般由學徒或助理做起，同時讀職業訓練局相關課程。","bodyEn":"Air-conditioning work falls into three groups: installing, cleaning and recharging domestic window and split units; servicing central air-conditioning in offices, malls and plant rooms, including chillers, air handling units, pumps and cooling towers; and installing ductwork and piping on projects.\n\nTechnicians read drawings, measure airflow and refrigerant pressures and diagnose faults with instruments, and they work within two boundaries: the fixed electrical installation must be handled by a registered electrical worker, and refrigerants are controlled substances regulated by the Environmental Protection Department, with recovery and handling procedures. Most people enter as apprentices or assistants while studying a Vocational Training Council course.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。受僱者由僱主按技術等級、工程類型及合約自訂；自僱師傅按件或按項目報價。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set employed technicians' pay by grade, type of work and contract; self-employed technicians quote per job or project. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中三或以上學歷，讀 VTC 空調製冷／屋宇裝備課程或經學徒計劃入行","地盤工作須持建造業工人註冊證及完成認可安全訓練","電力部分按《電力條例》由註冊電業工程人員處理","雪種屬受管制物質，處理及回收須符合環保署規定"],"entryEn":["Secondary 3 or above with a VTC air-conditioning, refrigeration or building services course, or an apprenticeship","Site work requires a registered construction worker card and recognised safety training","Electrical work on fixed installations must be handled by a registered electrical worker","Refrigerants are controlled substances; handling and recovery must meet EPD requirements"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助理 → 冷氣技工","titleEn":"Apprentice or assistant → air-conditioning technician","stepsZh":["報讀職業訓練局空調製冷或屋宇裝備課程","跟師傅做安裝、清洗同保養","累積經驗後負責故障診斷同試運行","按方向考取電業註冊或轉做主管"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in a VTC air-conditioning, refrigeration or building services course","Work with a technician on installation, cleaning and servicing","Take on fault diagnosis and commissioning with experience","Move towards electrical registration or supervisory roles"],"sourceIds":["emsdGovHK","vtcEducation","epdEr2002"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助理","titleEn":"Apprentice / assistant"},{"titleZh":"冷氣技工","titleEn":"Air-conditioning technician"},{"titleZh":"高級技工／主管","titleEn":"Senior technician / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"承辦商","titleEn":"Contractor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助理","titleEn":"Apprentice / assistant"},{"titleZh":"冷氣技工","titleEn":"Air-conditioning technician"},{"titleZh":"高級技工／主管","titleEn":"Senior technician / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"承辦商","titleEn":"Contractor"}]},{"slug":"pharmacist-assistant","titleZh":"藥房助理","titleEn":"Pharmacy Assistant","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"藥房助理喺社區藥房或醫院藥房協助配藥同店務，唔係註冊藥劑師：配藥、核對同專業判斷屬藥劑師範圍。","ledeEn":"A pharmacy assistant supports dispensing and shop operations in community or hospital pharmacies, but is not a registered pharmacist: dispensing, checking and professional judgement belong to the pharmacist.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"日常要處理處方流程、點貨同補貨、整理過期藥品，醫院藥房仲要按不同病區同時間表送藥。忙嘅時段（例如流感季節）客人查詢多，要識分清楚邊啲問題一定要轉交藥劑師。","bodyEn":"The daily rhythm covers the prescription workflow, stocktaking and replenishment and removing expired stock, and hospital pharmacies also deliver medicines to wards on a schedule. Busy periods such as flu season bring more enquiries, and you need to know which questions must be handed to the pharmacist."},{"titleZh":"入行與規管","titleEn":"Entry and regulation","bodyZh":"一般要求中五程度、識中英文同基本電腦操作，冇法定牌照要求；提供藥房服務同受管制藥物嘅地方要符合《藥劑業及毒藥條例》嘅發牌同藥劑師在場要求，實際規定以藥劑業及毒藥管理局公布為準。","bodyEn":"Secondary 5 with Chinese, English and basic computer skills is usual, with no statutory licence; premises providing pharmacy services and handling controlled medicines must meet the licensing and pharmacist-presence requirements under the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance, as published by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按店舖類型（連鎖、私家診所、醫院藥房）同更制決定，冇法定薪級；津貼同超時安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：藥房助理 → 資深助理或配藥技術員 → 藥房運作主管，亦可進修藥劑學成為註冊藥劑師。","bodyEn":"Pay is set by the employer according to the type of outlet, such as a chain, private clinic or hospital pharmacy, and the roster, with no statutory scale; allowances and overtime terms vary by company, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs pharmacy assistant, senior assistant or dispensing technician, then pharmacy operations supervisor, with the option of studying pharmacy to become a registered pharmacist."}],"sourceIds":["ppbGovHK","vtcEducation","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括接收處方、輸入藥單、按藥劑師指示取藥同分裝、整理藥品貨架同存貨紀錄、貼標籤同包裝、協助客人查詢店內成藥，亦要留意儲存條件（溫度、避光）同有效期。\n\n法定界線方面：香港嘅藥劑業受《藥劑業及毒藥條例》規管，註冊藥劑師同持牌藥房有法定責任；藥房助理唔可以獨立配藥或者做專業判斷。入行通常中五程度，冇法定牌照要求，靠僱主訓練同經驗累積；想專業化就要進修藥劑學以考取藥劑師資格。","bodyEn":"The work covers receiving prescriptions, entering them into the system, taking and packing medicines as instructed by the pharmacist, keeping shelves and stock records in order, labelling and packing, answering enquiries about over-the-counter products, and watching storage conditions such as temperature, light and expiry dates.\n\nOn the legal side, pharmacy in Hong Kong is regulated by the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance, with statutory duties falling on registered pharmacists and licensed pharmacies; a pharmacy assistant cannot dispense or exercise professional judgement independently. Entry is usually Secondary 5 with no statutory licence, relying on employer training and experience, and moving up professionally means studying pharmacy to qualify as a pharmacist.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由僱主按店舖類型、更制及銷售指標自訂，可能含銷售佣金；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set pay by shop type, roster and sales targets, sometimes with commission; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["一般要求中五程度，具中英文及基本電腦操作能力","無須法定牌照；由僱主提供配藥流程及產品知識訓練","涉及受管制藥物及配藥程序須符合《藥劑業及毒藥條例》及藥劑師指示","醫院藥房職位或要求相關工作經驗或醫療機構背景審查"],"entryEn":["Secondary 5 is usual, with Chinese, English and basic computer skills","No statutory licence; the employer provides training on dispensing workflow and products","Controlled medicines and dispensing must follow the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance and the pharmacist's instructions","Hospital pharmacy posts may require relevant experience or vetting"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"店舖／藥房應徵 → 在職訓練","titleEn":"Apply to a pharmacy → on-the-job training","stepsZh":["向連鎖藥房、私家診所或醫院藥房應徵助理","入職後學習處方流程、存貨系統及儲存要求","累積經驗後負責特定類別（例如成藥、醫療用品）","進修配藥課程或藥劑學以擴闊出路"],"stepsEn":["Apply as an assistant at a chain pharmacy, private clinic or hospital pharmacy","Learn the prescription workflow, stock systems and storage rules on the job","Take charge of a product category such as over-the-counter medicines once experienced","Study a dispensing course or pharmacy to widen options"],"sourceIds":["ppbGovHK","vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"藥房助理","titleEn":"Pharmacy assistant"},{"titleZh":"資深助理／配藥技術員","titleEn":"Senior assistant / dispensing technician"},{"titleZh":"藥房運作主管","titleEn":"Pharmacy operations supervisor"},{"titleZh":"註冊藥劑師（進修後）","titleEn":"Registered pharmacist (after further study)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"藥房助理","titleEn":"Pharmacy assistant"},{"titleZh":"資深助理／配藥技術員","titleEn":"Senior assistant / dispensing technician"},{"titleZh":"藥房運作主管","titleEn":"Pharmacy operations supervisor"},{"titleZh":"註冊藥劑師（進修後）","titleEn":"Registered pharmacist (after further study)"}]},{"slug":"event-venue-staff","titleZh":"活動場地職員","titleEn":"Event Venue Staff","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","ledeZh":"活動場地職員負責場地設置、物資同人流支援；要輪班同按活動時間表工作，大型展覽同演出前後工時特別長。","ledeEn":"Event venue staff handle set-up, equipment and crowd support; the job is shift-based and follows event schedules, with very long hours around large exhibitions and shows.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"搭建同拆卸期工作量最重：多隊人同時搬運、拉線同裝攤位，要跟時間表同安全指示；展會期間就主要維持人流、指引參展商同補充物資，遇到突發情況（例如停電或人群擠塞）要即時通報。","bodyEn":"Build-up and dismantling are the heaviest phases, with crews moving equipment, running cables and assembling booths against the schedule and safety instructions; during the show the focus shifts to crowd flow, guiding exhibitors and restocking, with incidents such as power failures or crowding reported immediately."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"以場地管理公司或主辦單位招聘公告為準：中學程度、能應付體力勞動同輪班（包括通宵）、基本英語或普通話溝通；入職後接受場地安全、消防及疏散訓練，並要熟悉場地佈局同設備位置。","bodyEn":"As advertised by the venue operator or organiser: secondary education, fitness for manual work and shifts including overnight, and basic English or Putonghua. Venue safety, fire and evacuation training follows, along with learning the layout and location of equipment."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由場地管理公司或承辦商按日薪、時薪或月薪決定，冇法定薪級；通宵同超時津貼視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：場地職員 → 場地組長 → 場地主管 → 活動運作經理，亦可轉做搭建承辦商、燈光音響或活動製作。","bodyEn":"The venue operator or contractor sets daily, hourly or monthly pay with no statutory scale; overnight and overtime allowances vary, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs venue staff, venue team leader, venue supervisor, then event operations manager, with moves into build contractors, lighting and audio or event production."}],"sourceIds":["hkcecAuth","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括按活動圖則佈置場地（攤位、展板、座椅、電力同網線）、搬運同擺放物資、協助參展商同主辦單位、維持人流同出入口秩序、活動後拆除同清點物資。\n\n入職要求以場地管理公司或主辦單位招聘公告為準：一般要求中學程度、能應付體力勞動同輪班（包括通宵搭建）、基本英語或普通話溝通；入職後接受場地安全、消防通道同疏散程序訓練，部分場地另要申請場地工作證。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes laying out venues to the event plan, covering booths, panels, seating, power and network lines, moving and placing equipment, assisting exhibitors and organisers, managing crowd flow at entrances and exits, then striking the set-up and checking equipment afterwards.\n\nEntry follows the venue operator's or organiser's recruitment notices: secondary education is usual, with fitness for manual work and shifts including overnight builds and basic English or Putonghua. Training covers venue safety, fire escape routes and evacuation procedures, and some venues require a site work permit.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由僱主按場地類型、聘用模式及更制自訂；本站不估算月薪或時薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set pay by venue type, employment model and roster; this site prints no monthly or hourly estimate.","entryZh":["中學程度（以場地管理公司或主辦單位招聘公告為準）","能應付體力勞動、輪班及通宵搭建工作","基本英語或普通話溝通能力","完成場地安全、消防及疏散程序訓練"],"entryEn":["Secondary education, as advertised by the venue operator or organiser","Fitness for manual work, shifts and overnight builds","Basic English or Putonghua","Complete venue safety, fire and evacuation training"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"應徵場地職位 → 熟悉場地 → 支援活動","titleEn":"Apply to a venue → learn the site → support events","stepsZh":["向場地管理公司或活動承辦商應徵","學習場地佈局、設備及安全規則","按活動需要做搭建、人流或後勤支援","累積經驗後帶隊負責指定場區"],"stepsEn":["Apply to a venue operator or event contractor","Learn the layout, equipment and safety rules","Support build-up, crowd flow or logistics as events require","Lead a team for a designated area with experience"],"sourceIds":["hkcecAuth"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"場地職員","titleEn":"Venue staff"},{"titleZh":"場地組長","titleEn":"Venue team leader"},{"titleZh":"場地主管","titleEn":"Venue supervisor"},{"titleZh":"活動運作經理","titleEn":"Event operations manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"場地職員","titleEn":"Venue staff"},{"titleZh":"場地組長","titleEn":"Venue team leader"},{"titleZh":"場地主管","titleEn":"Venue supervisor"},{"titleZh":"活動運作經理","titleEn":"Event operations manager"}]},{"slug":"fitness-trainer","titleZh":"健身教練","titleEn":"Fitness Trainer","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","ledeZh":"健身教練喺健身中心或私人工作室指導客人訓練；冇法定牌照，但市場重視認可教練證書、急救訓練同保險安排。","ledeEn":"Fitness trainers coach clients in gyms or private studios; there is no statutory licence, but the market expects recognised trainer certification, first aid training and insurance cover.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"一日通常由早堂或私人課開始，按客人目標調整強度同動作；課與課之間要做紀錄、跟進飲食同休息建議，亦要維持場地整潔同器材安全。旺季（年初）新客特別多，續約同收款安排要跟足公司程序。","bodyEn":"A day usually starts with an early class or personal session, with intensity and exercises adjusted to the client's goals; between sessions come records, diet and rest guidance and keeping the floor tidy and equipment safe. New Year brings a surge of new clients, and renewals and payments follow company procedures."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"一般冇法定牌照：入行靠認可教練證書（例如體適能機構認證）同急救證書，部分僱主要求相關運動科學或體育課程背景。自僱教練要自行投保，並要注意唔可以就傷患或疾病作醫療建議，必要時轉介醫生或物理治療師。","bodyEn":"There is no statutory licence: entry relies on recognised trainer certification and a first aid certificate, and some employers ask for sports science or physical education study. Self-employed trainers arrange their own cover and must not give medical advice on injuries or illness, referring clients to a doctor or physiotherapist where needed."},{"titleZh":"收入與發展","titleEn":"Income and development","bodyZh":"收入多數按堂數、時薪或底薪加佣金計算，冇法定薪級；自僱教練收入隨客量浮動，亦要扣場地或分成成本，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：見習教練或助教 → 健身教練 → 高級教練或小組主管 → 工作室負責人或自僱品牌，亦可轉做運動科學、復康訓練或教練培訓。","bodyEn":"Income is usually per session, hourly or a base plus commission with no statutory scale; freelance trainers see income move with client numbers and deduct venue or revenue-share costs, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs trainee or assistant, fitness trainer, senior trainer or group supervisor, then studio owner or freelance brand, with moves into sports science, rehabilitation training or trainer education."}],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanning","vtcEducation"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括做體能評估同目標設定、設計同指導訓練計劃（阻力、心肺、伸展）、示範正確動作同糾正姿勢、記錄進度、處理預約同續約；部分教練做小組班、企業健康計劃或線上指導。\n\n入職要求：一般冇法定牌照，但僱主同客戶普遍要求認可教練證書（本地或國際體適能機構認證），並建議持有急救同心肺復甦（AED）證書；自僱教練要自行安排專業責任同公眾責任保險，並遵守場地嘅安全守則同器材使用規定。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes fitness assessment and goal setting, designing and coaching programmes for resistance, cardio and flexibility, demonstrating technique and correcting form, recording progress and handling bookings and renewals; some trainers run group classes, corporate wellness programmes or online coaching.\n\nEntry has no statutory licence, but employers and clients generally expect recognised certification from a local or international fitness body, and first aid and CPR or AED certificates are advisable. Self-employed trainers arrange their own professional and public liability insurance and follow venue safety and equipment rules.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。受僱者多為「底薪＋私教佣金」，比例由公司設定；自由身教練自負場租成本。本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employed trainers usually earn a base rate plus personal training commission set by the company; freelance trainers carry their own venue costs. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["一般無法定牌照；市場普遍要求認可體適能教練證書","建議持有急救及心肺復甦（AED）證書","自僱教練須自行安排專業責任及公眾責任保險","須遵守健身中心的安全守則及器材使用規定"],"entryEn":["No statutory licence; recognised fitness trainer certification is generally expected","First aid and CPR or AED certificates are advisable","Self-employed trainers arrange their own professional and public liability insurance","Venue safety rules and equipment use policies apply"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"考取教練證書 → 場館實習 → 獨立帶客","titleEn":"Trainer certification → gym practice → coach clients independently","stepsZh":["考取認可體適能教練證書及急救證書","由助教或見習教練做起，累積帶課經驗","獨立負責客人，設計訓練計劃並記錄進度","建立客源後轉做高級教練或自僱"],"stepsEn":["Obtain recognised trainer certification and a first aid certificate","Start as an assistant or trainee to build coaching hours","Coach clients independently, designing programmes and tracking progress","Build a client base then move up or go freelance"],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanning","vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習教練／助教","titleEn":"Trainee / assistant trainer"},{"titleZh":"健身教練","titleEn":"Fitness trainer"},{"titleZh":"高級教練／小組主管","titleEn":"Senior trainer / group supervisor"},{"titleZh":"工作室負責人／自僱品牌","titleEn":"Studio owner / freelance brand"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習教練／助教","titleEn":"Trainee / assistant trainer"},{"titleZh":"健身教練","titleEn":"Fitness trainer"},{"titleZh":"高級教練／小組主管","titleEn":"Senior trainer / group supervisor"},{"titleZh":"工作室負責人／自僱品牌","titleEn":"Studio owner / freelance brand"}]},{"slug":"renovation-contractor","titleZh":"裝修師傅","titleEn":"Renovation Contractor","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"「裝修師傅」係行業統稱，唔係單一牌照：電力、水務同小型工程各自有法定資格要求，結構改動更加要入則批准。","ledeEn":"Renovation contractor is a trade label rather than one licence: electrical, plumbing and minor works items each carry their own statutory qualification, and structural alterations need plan submission and approval.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工序同法定分工","titleEn":"Trades and statutory division of work","bodyZh":"一個裝修項目通常涉及多個工種，業主一般只簽一份合約，所以承接者要負責統籌：泥水、木工、油漆、電力、水務、鋁窗同空調各自按工序進場，涉及法定資格嘅工序要交畀持牌人，並保留申請同完工文件。","bodyEn":"A renovation project usually involves several trades while the owner signs a single contract, so the contractor coordinates them: tiling, carpentry, painting, electrical, plumbing, window and air-conditioning work each enter in sequence, and items requiring statutory qualifications must be passed to the licence holder, with application and completion documents kept."},{"titleZh":"入行與資歷","titleEn":"Entry and qualifications","bodyZh":"入行冇單一牌照，多數由學徒或師傅助手做起，累積泥水、木工或水電經驗，再考建造業議會工藝測試或相關註冊（小型工程、電業、水務）以擴大承接範圍；亦有人先讀室內設計或建築課程再落場學工序。","bodyEn":"There is no single licence: most people start as an apprentice or a tradesman's helper, build up tiling, carpentry or electrical and plumbing experience, then take a Construction Industry Council trade test or the relevant registration (minor works, electrical, plumbing) to widen the scope of work they can take on. Others study interior design or building first and learn the trades on site."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬視乎承接模式：受僱師傅按日薪或月薪，自行承接就按工程報價扣物料、人工同保險成本，利潤同工期、變更單數量關係大，所以本站唔估算收入。路線係學徒／助手 → 師傅 → 師傅頭（管工）→ 裝修公司負責人或承辦商。","bodyEn":"Pay depends on how you work: employed tradesmen are paid day rates or a monthly wage, while those taking on their own projects deduct materials, labour and insurance from the quoted price, so profit tracks the schedule and the number of variation orders, and this site prints no estimate. The route runs apprentice or helper, tradesman, foreman, then renovation company owner or contractor."}],"sourceIds":["cicOrgHK","bd20Book","emsdGovHK","wsdGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"香港住宅同商舖裝修會觸及幾套法定制度：電力工程要由註冊電業工程人員或註冊電業承辦商處理；水管工程要由持牌水喉匠進行；屬《建築物條例》下小型工程監管制度嘅項目，要由屋宇署註冊小型工程承建商承辦並按規定呈報；涉及結構改動（例如拆主力牆、加建）就要入則，經建築事務監督批准。\n\n日常工作由接單開始：同客戶傾設計同預算、度尺、報價、訂料、安排師傅（水電、泥水、木工、油漆、鋁窗等）、監工、驗收同跟保養。所以承接者要識睇圖、計料、協調工序，並清楚邊啲工序一定要交畀持牌人做。","bodyEn":"Renovation work in flats and shops in Hong Kong touches several statutory regimes: electrical work must be handled by a registered electrical worker or contractor; plumbing work must be done by a licensed plumber; items under the minor works control regime of the Buildings Ordinance must be carried out by a registered minor works contractor and reported as required; and structural alterations, such as removing a load-bearing wall or adding to a structure, require plan submission and the Building Authority's approval.\n\nThe job starts with taking on the project: discussing design and budget with the client, measuring, quoting, ordering materials, arranging trades (electrical, plumbing, tiling, carpentry, painting, window works), supervising, handover and follow-up. The contractor therefore has to read drawings, take off materials, sequence the trades, and know which items must go to a licence holder.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。受僱者按月薪或日薪由僱主自訂；自行接案者按工程報價扣除成本，本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employees are paid monthly or daily at employer-set rates; contractors quote per job and bear their own costs. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["冇單一裝修牌照；個別工序另有法定資格要求","電力工程須由註冊電業工程人員／註冊電業承辦商處理","水管工程須由水務署持牌水喉匠進行","小型工程須由屋宇署註冊小型工程承建商承辦；結構改動須入則批准"],"entryEn":["No single renovation licence; individual items carry statutory qualification requirements","Electrical work must be handled by a registered electrical worker or contractor","Plumbing work must be carried out by a licensed plumber","Minor works need a registered minor works contractor; structural alterations require plan approval"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手 → 師傅 → 承接工程","titleEn":"Apprentice or helper → tradesman → contractor","stepsZh":["跟師傅做泥水、木工或水電，累積工序經驗","考取相關法定註冊或建造業議會工藝測試","自行或聯同持牌人承接裝修工程","按小型工程及建築條例要求呈報及驗收"],"stepsEn":["Work with a tradesman in tiling, carpentry or electrical and plumbing to gain experience","Obtain the relevant statutory registration or a CIC trade test","Take on renovation projects alone or together with licence holders","Report and hand over in line with minor works and buildings requirements"],"sourceIds":["cicOrgHK","bd20Book"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手","titleEn":"Apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"師傅","titleEn":"Tradesman"},{"titleZh":"師傅頭（管工）","titleEn":"Foreman"},{"titleZh":"裝修公司負責人／承辦商","titleEn":"Renovation company owner / contractor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手","titleEn":"Apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"師傅","titleEn":"Tradesman"},{"titleZh":"師傅頭（管工）","titleEn":"Foreman"},{"titleZh":"裝修公司負責人／承辦商","titleEn":"Renovation company owner / contractor"}]},{"slug":"travel-consultant","titleZh":"旅遊顧問","titleEn":"Travel Consultant","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","ledeZh":"旅遊顧問為客人安排行程、機票、酒店同旅行團；旅行社有法定牌照制度，涉及旅遊業賠償基金同印花等規定。","ledeEn":"Travel consultants arrange itineraries, flights, hotels and tours; travel agents operate under a statutory licensing regime involving the Travel Industry Compensation Fund and levy stamps.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"每日對住訂位系統同客人：格價、出票、改期、退款、跟進酒店同當地接待；旺季（長假期、暑假）電話同訊息不斷，遇有航班或天氣事故要短時間內為多個客人重新安排。","bodyEn":"Each day is spent in the booking system and with clients: comparing fares, issuing tickets, changing dates, processing refunds and following up hotels and local handling. In peak periods such as long holidays and summer, calls and messages never stop, and flight or weather disruptions mean rearranging travel for many clients at once."},{"titleZh":"入行與規管","titleEn":"Entry and regulation","bodyZh":"一般要求中學或以上程度、良好中英文同熟悉訂位系統（例如航空公司 GDS）；要了解《旅遊業條例》下旅行社牌照、印花（旅遊業賠償基金）同銷售流程要求，實際規定以旅遊業監管局公布為準。","bodyEn":"Secondary education or above, good Chinese and English and familiarity with booking systems such as airline GDS platforms are usual; consultants must understand agent licensing, levy stamps for the Travel Industry Compensation Fund and sales requirements under the Travel Industry Ordinance, as published by the authority."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬多數係底薪加佣金或獎金，冇法定薪級；佣金制度同加班安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：旅遊顧問 → 高級顧問或團隊主管 → 分行經理 → 產品或業務經理，亦可轉做企業差旅管理或旅遊產品設計。","bodyEn":"Pay is usually a base salary plus commission or bonus with no statutory scale; commission structures and overtime arrangements vary by company, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs travel consultant, senior consultant or team leader, branch manager, then product or business manager, with moves into corporate travel management or product design."}],"sourceIds":["tiaOrgHK","hktbGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括了解客人需要同預算、查詢同預訂機票酒店、設計自由行或團隊行程、處理簽證同保險安排、跟進改期同退款；旺季同突發事件（例如颱風、航班取消）要即時處理客人求助。\n\n規管方面：香港旅行社受《旅遊業條例》規管，須持旅行代理商牌照，並須就包辦旅遊服務收取印花（旅遊業賠償基金）；從業員嘅專業要求以旅遊業監管局公布為準。入職一般要求中學或以上程度、良好中英文同熟悉訂位系統。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes understanding clients' needs and budgets, quoting and booking flights and hotels, designing independent or group itineraries, arranging visas and insurance, and handling changes and refunds; peak periods and shocks such as typhoons or cancelled flights mean immediate help for clients.\n\nOn regulation, travel agents in Hong Kong are governed by the Travel Industry Ordinance: an agent must hold a licence and collect levy stamps on package travel for the Travel Industry Compensation Fund, with practitioner requirements published by the Travel Industry Authority. Entry usually needs secondary education or above, good Chinese and English and familiarity with booking systems.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。多為「底薪＋銷售佣金」，佣金公式由旅行社決定；本站不估算月入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Usually a base rate plus sales commission on an agency-set formula; this site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["中學或以上程度，良好中英文","熟悉訂位系統及旅遊產品者優先","了解旅行社牌照及旅遊業賠償基金規定","旺季及突發事件時須加班處理客人求助"],"entryEn":["Secondary education or above with good Chinese and English","Familiarity with booking systems and travel products preferred","Understanding of travel agent licensing and the Travel Industry Compensation Fund","Overtime to help clients during peaks and disruptions"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"分行顧問 → 高級顧問 → 分行經理","titleEn":"Branch consultant → senior consultant → branch manager","stepsZh":["由旅遊顧問或票務員做起","熟習訂位系統、票價規則及簽證要求","累積客人同供應商關係後負責專線或企業客","升任分行經理或轉做產品及業務管理"],"stepsEn":["Start as a travel consultant or ticketing clerk","Learn booking systems, fare rules and visa requirements","Take on a product line or corporate accounts","Move up to branch manager or into product and business management"],"sourceIds":["tiaOrgHK","hktbGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"旅遊顧問","titleEn":"Travel consultant"},{"titleZh":"高級顧問／團隊主管","titleEn":"Senior consultant / team leader"},{"titleZh":"分行經理","titleEn":"Branch manager"},{"titleZh":"產品或業務經理","titleEn":"Product or business manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"旅遊顧問","titleEn":"Travel consultant"},{"titleZh":"高級顧問／團隊主管","titleEn":"Senior consultant / team leader"},{"titleZh":"分行經理","titleEn":"Branch manager"},{"titleZh":"產品或業務經理","titleEn":"Product or business manager"}]},{"slug":"graphic-designer","titleZh":"平面設計師","titleEn":"Graphic Designer","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","ledeZh":"平面設計師做品牌、印刷、包裝同數碼設計；入行靠作品集多過牌照，行業重視技術、審美同交稿能力。","ledeEn":"Graphic designers work on branding, print, packaging and digital design; entry is through a portfolio rather than a licence, and the trade values craft, judgement and delivering on time.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"一日可能同時處理幾個項目：早上改稿同排版，下午同客開會或做新概念，晚上趕交稿。印刷項目要同印刷廠確認規格同打樣，數碼項目就要同市場或開發團隊對接尺寸同格式。","bodyEn":"A day may cover several projects: revisions and layout in the morning, client meetings or new concepts in the afternoon and hitting a deadline in the evening. Print projects require confirming specifications and proofs with the printer, while digital work means aligning sizes and formats with marketing or developers."},{"titleZh":"入行與技能","titleEn":"Entry and skills","bodyZh":"一般要求設計相關文憑至高級文憑或學位，但作品集往往比學歷更重要；要熟練設計軟件、了解印刷同輸出流程、具備排版同色彩基礎，並能按客戶意見修稿。溝通同時間管理係日常必備。","bodyEn":"A design diploma, higher diploma or degree is usual, but the portfolio often matters more than the qualification; you need software fluency, understanding of print and output processes, a grounding in layout and colour, and the ability to revise to client feedback. Communication and time management are essential daily."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按職級、經驗同公司類型（廣告公司、品牌內部、印刷廠）決定，冇法定薪級；自僱或按項目收費就按報價扣軟件同時間成本，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：設計助理 → 平面設計師 → 高級設計師／美術指導 → 設計總監或自僱。","bodyEn":"The employer sets pay by grade, experience and company type, whether an agency, in-house brand team or printer, with no statutory scale; freelancers price by project and deduct software and time costs from the quote, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs design assistant, graphic designer, senior designer or art director, then design director or freelance practice."}],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation","hkadcAbout","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括同客戶或客戶經理確認需求同預算、做概念同草稿、設計版面同排版、處理印刷檔（出血、色彩模式、紙張同加工）或者數碼素材（社交媒體、網頁元件），再跟進印刷或上線效果；旺季同交稿期要趕期限。\n\n入職要求：一般要求設計相關文憑、高級文憑或學位，並要有作品集；熟悉 Adobe 系列（Photoshop、Illustrator、InDesign）等軟件同印刷基本知識係基本功，懂動態設計或用戶介面設計更有利。行內可由設計助理做起。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes agreeing briefs and budgets with clients or account managers, developing concepts and drafts, laying out designs, preparing print files covering bleed, colour mode, paper and finishing or digital assets for social media and web components, then following up print or launch results; peak periods and deadlines mean tight turnarounds.\n\nEntry usually means a design diploma, higher diploma or degree plus a portfolio; fluency with Adobe software such as Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign and basic print knowledge are the foundation, with motion or UI design an advantage. Many start as design assistants.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。受僱者由僱主按年資、作品類型及公司規模自訂；自由身設計師按項目報價並自負成本。本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set employed designers' pay by experience, type of work and company size; freelance designers quote per project and bear their own costs. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["設計相關文憑／高級文憑／學位，或具同等實務能力","須提供作品集（portfolio）","熟悉 Photoshop、Illustrator、InDesign 等軟件及印刷基本知識","具備溝通能力及按時交稿的工作習慣"],"entryEn":["Design diploma, higher diploma or degree, or equivalent practical ability","A portfolio is required","Fluency with Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign plus basic print knowledge","Communication skills and a habit of meeting deadlines"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"設計課程 → 設計助理 → 設計師","titleEn":"Design course → design assistant → designer","stepsZh":["讀設計文憑或學位課程，累積作品集","由設計助理或實習做起","獨立負責項目，掌握印刷及數碼流程","按方向升任美術指導或轉做自僱"],"stepsEn":["Take a design diploma or degree and build a portfolio","Start as a design assistant or intern","Handle projects independently, learning print and digital processes","Move up to art direction or go freelance"],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation","hkadcAbout"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"設計助理","titleEn":"Design assistant"},{"titleZh":"平面設計師","titleEn":"Graphic designer"},{"titleZh":"高級設計師／美術指導","titleEn":"Senior designer / art director"},{"titleZh":"設計總監／自僱","titleEn":"Design director / freelance"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"設計助理","titleEn":"Design assistant"},{"titleZh":"平面設計師","titleEn":"Graphic designer"},{"titleZh":"高級設計師／美術指導","titleEn":"Senior designer / art director"},{"titleZh":"設計總監／自僱","titleEn":"Design director / freelance"}]},{"slug":"mtr-station-crew","titleZh":"港鐵站務員","titleEn":"MTR Station Crew","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"站務員喺車站做乘客服務同運作支援：售票同增值、維持月台秩序、處理事故同協助乘客，工作要輪班同應付人流高峰。","ledeEn":"Station crew handle customer service and operations support: ticketing and top-ups, platform order, incident handling and passenger assistance, on shifts and through peak hours.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"車站工作以人流為中心：繁忙時間要企喺月台同閘機疏導乘客，其他時間做巡查、補充物資同協助有需要乘客（例如輪椅使用者、長者同旅客）；遇有事故要即時通知控制中心同按訓練程序處理。","bodyEn":"Station work revolves around passenger flow: at peak times you stand at platforms and gates to keep people moving, while at other times you patrol, restock and help passengers who need assistance, such as wheelchair users, older people and visitors; incidents must be reported to the control centre at once and handled to trained procedure."},{"titleZh":"入行與訓練","titleEn":"Entry and training","bodyZh":"以港鐵公司招聘公告為準：中學程度、良好中英文溝通能力，能接受輪班、夜更同颱風值勤；入職後接受車站運作、緊急事故處理、票務同客戶服務訓練，並要熟習車站設備操作。","bodyEn":"As advertised by the operator: secondary education, good Chinese and English communication and availability for shifts, nights and typhoon duty, with training in station operations, emergency handling, ticketing and customer service, plus familiarity with station equipment."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由港鐵公司公布嘅薪酬架構決定，另有輪班津貼，實際安排以公司公布為準，本站唔估算收入。路線：站務員 → 高級站務員 → 站務主任／車站主管 → 車務或客戶服務管理，亦可投考車長或控制中心職位。","bodyEn":"Pay follows the operator's published structure plus shift allowances, with details as published and no estimate printed here. The route runs station crew, senior crew, station officer or station supervisor, then operations or customer service management, with options to apply for train captain or control centre posts."}],"sourceIds":["mtrCorpHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括喺站務處同售票機協助乘客、處理八達通同車票問題、月台廣播同維持上落秩序、巡查車站設施、處理乘客不適或失物，按程序應對事故（例如有人闖入路軌）同協助疏散。\n\n入職要求以港鐵公司招聘公告為準：一般要求中學程度、良好中英文溝通能力、能接受輪班、夜更同颱風值勤，入職後接受車站運作、安全同客戶服務訓練。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes helping passengers at the customer service centre and ticket machines, sorting out Octopus and ticket problems, making platform announcements and keeping boarding and alighting orderly, patrolling station facilities, handling passenger illness or lost property, and following procedures for incidents such as persons entering the track area, including assisting evacuations.\n\nEntry follows the operator's recruitment notices: secondary education is usual, with good Chinese and English communication and willingness to work shifts, nights and typhoon duties, plus training in station operations, safety and customer service.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由港鐵公司按職級、更制及津貼組合決定，另設員工乘車優惠及公積金；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. The MTR Corporation sets pay by grade, roster and allowances, with staff travel concessions and a provident fund. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中學程度（以港鐵公司招聘公告為準）","良好中英文溝通能力及服務態度","能接受輪班、夜更及颱風值勤","入職後完成車站運作、安全及客戶服務訓練"],"entryEn":["Secondary education, as advertised by the operator","Good Chinese and English communication and a service mindset","Available for shifts, night duty and typhoon duty","Complete station operations, safety and customer service training"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"應徵 → 車站訓練 → 獨立當值","titleEn":"Apply → station training → duty on your own","stepsZh":["留意港鐵招聘公告並遞交申請","通過面試及語文能力評估","接受車站運作、事故處理及票務訓練","派駐車站，輪班當值並處理突發事故"],"stepsEn":["Watch the operator's recruitment notices and apply","Pass the interview and language assessment","Train in station operations, incident handling and ticketing","Be posted to a station, working shifts and handling incidents"],"sourceIds":["mtrCorpHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"站務員","titleEn":"Station crew"},{"titleZh":"高級站務員","titleEn":"Senior station crew"},{"titleZh":"站務主任／車站主管","titleEn":"Station officer / station supervisor"},{"titleZh":"車務或客戶服務管理","titleEn":"Operations or customer service management"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"站務員","titleEn":"Station crew"},{"titleZh":"高級站務員","titleEn":"Senior station crew"},{"titleZh":"站務主任／車站主管","titleEn":"Station officer / station supervisor"},{"titleZh":"車務或客戶服務管理","titleEn":"Operations or customer service management"}]},{"slug":"event-coordinator","titleZh":"會展統籌員","titleEn":"Event Coordinator","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","ledeZh":"會展統籌員跟活動由籌備到收尾：場地、供應商、時間表同參展商安排都要協調，係活動嘅執行中樞。","ledeEn":"Event coordinators run an event from planning to wrap-up, coordinating the venue, suppliers, schedule and exhibitors as the operational hub.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"籌備期多數係開會、報價、跟進圖則同時間表，並要同多個供應商確認細節；活動當日就行場、對時間表、處理臨時改動同投訴，收尾時要清點物資同結算費用。","bodyEn":"Planning time is mostly meetings, quotations, drawings and schedules with several contractors; on the day it is floor walking, keeping to the timetable, handling last-minute changes and complaints, and at the end checking equipment and settling costs."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"以僱主招聘公告為準：一般要求大專或以上程度、良好中英文同協調能力，能接受活動前後加班同週末工作；具備項目或活動籌備經驗（例如學生會、展覽兼職）較有利，入行後主要靠項目經驗累積。","bodyEn":"As advertised by the employer: a sub-degree or degree, good Chinese and English and coordination skills, and availability for overtime and weekend work around events. Project or event experience such as student union or exhibition work helps, and the trade is largely learned through projects."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按職級同經驗決定，冇法定薪級；活動期加班同超時補償安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：活動助理 → 會展統籌員 → 項目經理 → 活動總監，亦可轉做展覽主辦、市場推廣或場地租務。","bodyEn":"The employer sets pay by grade and experience with no statutory scale; overtime and compensation around events vary by company, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs event assistant, event coordinator, project manager, then event director, with moves into exhibition organising, marketing or venue leasing."}],"sourceIds":["hkcecAuth","hktbGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括同客戶同參展商協調場地、時間同預算、跟進搭建、燈光音響、餐飲同保安等供應商、製作場刊同標示、現場協調同處理突發問題、活動後做結算同檢討。\n\n入職要求：一般要求大專或以上程度（會展、市場學、酒店或商業相關較有利），良好中英文同溝通協調能力，能接受活動前後加班同週末工作；行內亦有會展相關課程同資歷，實際要求以僱主招聘公告為準。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes agreeing venue, timing and budget with clients and exhibitors, following up contractors for build, lighting and audio, catering and security, producing catalogues and signage, coordinating on site and solving problems as they arise, then settling accounts and reviewing afterwards.\n\nEntry usually means a sub-degree or degree, with event, marketing, hospitality or business backgrounds an advantage, good Chinese and English and strong coordination skills, and availability for overtime and weekend work around events. Event-related courses and qualifications are also available in the trade, with actual requirements set by the employer.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由僱主按公司類型、項目規模及更制自訂，或設展會津貼；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set pay by company type, project size and roster, sometimes with event allowances; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["大專或以上程度（會展、市場學、酒店或商業相關較有利）","良好中英文及協調溝通能力","能接受活動前後加班及週末工作","具備項目或活動籌備經驗者優先"],"entryEn":["Sub-degree or degree, with event, marketing, hospitality or business backgrounds an advantage","Good Chinese and English and strong coordination and communication skills","Able to work overtime and weekends around events","Project or event planning experience preferred"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"活動助理 → 統籌員 → 項目經理","titleEn":"Event assistant → coordinator → project manager","stepsZh":["由活動助理或展覽兼職做起","學習報價、場地圖則、供應商跟進","獨立負責小型活動或指定項目範圍","累積客戶同供應商網絡後升任項目經理"],"stepsEn":["Start as an event assistant or exhibition part-timer","Learn quotations, floor plans and contractor follow-up","Own a small event or a workstream","Move up to project manager with client and supplier networks"],"sourceIds":["hkcecAuth","hktbGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"活動助理","titleEn":"Event assistant"},{"titleZh":"會展統籌員","titleEn":"Event coordinator"},{"titleZh":"項目經理","titleEn":"Project manager"},{"titleZh":"活動總監","titleEn":"Event director"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"活動助理","titleEn":"Event assistant"},{"titleZh":"會展統籌員","titleEn":"Event coordinator"},{"titleZh":"項目經理","titleEn":"Project manager"},{"titleZh":"活動總監","titleEn":"Event director"}]},{"slug":"barista","titleZh":"咖啡師","titleEn":"Barista","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","ledeZh":"咖啡師負責沖煮咖啡、招呼客人同維持吧檯運作；靠實操訓練同感官判斷，行業無法定牌照，但認可課程同比賽有助發展。","ledeEn":"Baristas brew coffee, serve customers and keep the bar running; the trade is built on practical training and sensory judgement, with no statutory licence but recognised courses and competitions helping careers.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"開店要做機器預熱、校準磨豆機同檢查鮮奶；營業期間按單出杯、招呼熟客同補貨，收店要做清潔、清洗沖煮頭同記錄用量。豆嘅新鮮度同濕度變化都會影響味道，所以要不停微調。","bodyEn":"Opening means warming the machine, dialling in the grinder and checking milk; through the day you make drinks to order, greet regulars and restock, and at close you clean, backflush the group heads and record usage. Bean freshness and humidity shift the flavour, so settings are adjusted constantly."},{"titleZh":"入行與訓練","titleEn":"Entry and training","bodyZh":"一般冇學歷或牌照要求，由僱主在職訓練起步；可考取行業認可嘅咖啡師課程證書，或透過比賽累積經驗。要學識萃取理論、奶泡技巧同感官判斷，並遵守食物安全同清潔標準。","bodyEn":"No academic or licence requirement: training usually starts with the employer, and recognised barista course certificates or competition experience build a track record. Baristas learn extraction theory, milk texturing and sensory judgement, and follow food safety and cleaning standards."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按時薪、月薪同經驗決定，冇法定薪級；小費、銷售獎金同加班安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：咖啡師 → 資深咖啡師或吧檯主管 → 店長 → 區域主管，亦可做烘焙、豆商或自設咖啡店。","bodyEn":"The employer sets hourly or monthly pay by experience with no statutory scale; tips, sales bonuses and overtime vary by company, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs barista, senior barista or bar supervisor, store manager, then area supervisor, with moves into roasting, coffee trading or opening your own cafe."}],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation","fehdGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括調整磨豆粗細同萃取參數、沖煮濃縮咖啡同奶泡、拉花出品、清潔咖啡機同磨豆機、管理咖啡豆同奶嘅存貨、招呼客人同收銀；繁忙時段要同時處理多張單，兼顧品質同速度。\n\n入行要求：一般冇學歷或牌照要求，多由連鎖店或獨立咖啡店嘅在職訓練起步；行業有國際認可嘅咖啡師課程同比賽，對轉職同升遷有幫助。要學識分辨豆嘅風味、萃取時間同奶溫嘅影響，亦要遵守食物安全同清潔標準。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes adjusting grind size and extraction, pulling espresso and steaming milk, pouring latte art, cleaning the machine and grinder, managing bean and milk stock, serving customers and taking payment; at peak times several orders run at once, balancing quality and speed.\n\nEntry has no academic or licence requirement, and most learn through on-the-job training at chains or independent cafes; internationally recognised barista courses and competitions help with moves and promotion. Baristas learn to judge flavour, extraction time and milk temperature, and to follow food safety and cleaning standards.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由僱主按店舖類型、更制及獎金安排自訂，或含小費／服務費分帳；本站不估算月薪或時薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set pay by shop type, roster and bonus arrangements, sometimes with tip or service charge sharing; this site prints no monthly or hourly estimate.","entryZh":["一般無學歷或牌照要求，由在職訓練起步","願學習萃取、奶泡及感官判斷等技術","可考取行業認可的咖啡師課程證書","須遵守食物安全及清潔標準"],"entryEn":["No academic or licence requirement; training starts on the job","Willingness to learn extraction, milk texturing and sensory judgement","Recognised barista course certificates are available","Food safety and cleaning standards apply"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"應徵咖啡店 → 在職訓練 → 獨立當吧","titleEn":"Apply to a cafe → on-the-job training → run the bar","stepsZh":["向連鎖店或獨立咖啡店應徵","學習磨豆、萃取、奶泡及清潔程序","通過出品標準後獨立處理繁忙時段","進修課程或參賽，轉做主管或烘焙"],"stepsEn":["Apply to a chain or independent cafe","Learn grinding, extraction, milk texturing and cleaning","Handle peak periods alone once the quality standard is met","Take courses or compete, then move into supervision or roasting"],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"咖啡師","titleEn":"Barista"},{"titleZh":"資深咖啡師／吧檯主管","titleEn":"Senior barista / bar supervisor"},{"titleZh":"店長","titleEn":"Store manager"},{"titleZh":"區域主管／自設咖啡店","titleEn":"Area supervisor / cafe owner"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"咖啡師","titleEn":"Barista"},{"titleZh":"資深咖啡師／吧檯主管","titleEn":"Senior barista / bar supervisor"},{"titleZh":"店長","titleEn":"Store manager"},{"titleZh":"區域主管／自設咖啡店","titleEn":"Area supervisor / cafe owner"}]},{"slug":"logistics-coordinator","titleZh":"物流統籌員","titleEn":"Logistics Coordinator","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"物流統籌員安排貨物出入倉、跟單同協調運輸，係倉庫、貨運代理同配送中心之間嘅樞紐角色，要同時兼顧文件、時間同客戶。","ledeEn":"Logistics coordinators schedule inbound and outbound cargo, follow up orders and move transport, acting as the hub between warehouses, freight forwarders and distribution centres, balancing documents, timing and customers.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"一天要處理多張單：確認貨量同時間窗、安排車輛或船期、通知倉庫備貨、跟進清關進度，遇到甩期或貨損要即時通知客戶同安排補救，並記錄原因以免重複出錯。","bodyEn":"A day covers several shipments: confirming volumes and time windows, arranging vehicles or sailings, alerting the warehouse to prepare, tracking customs clearance and, on delays or damage, informing the customer and arranging recovery while recording the cause so it does not repeat."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"一般要求中五或以上學歷，懂中英文（部分職位要普通話）同基本電腦操作；熟悉倉庫管理系統、出入口文件或完成危險品認知訓練者優先。行內重視反應同溝通，旺季加班同輪班係常態。","bodyEn":"Secondary 5 or above with Chinese, English, sometimes Putonghua, and basic computer skills is usual, with warehouse systems, import and export documents or dangerous goods awareness an advantage. Responsiveness and communication matter, and overtime and shifts in peak season are normal."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按職級、更制同經驗決定，冇法定薪級；輪班津貼同加班費視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：倉務員／跟單員 → 物流統籌員 → 倉務主管或運作主管 → 物流經理，亦可轉做貨運代理、採購或供應鏈分析。","bodyEn":"The employer sets pay by grade, roster and experience with no statutory scale; shift allowances and overtime pay vary by company, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs warehouse staff or order clerk, logistics coordinator, warehouse or operations supervisor, then logistics manager, with moves into freight forwarding, procurement or supply chain analysis."}],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanning","hkqf"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括接收訂單同安排出貨、同承運商及司機協調時間、處理報關同提單資料、跟進延誤同破損、更新系統庫存紀錄、回覆客戶查詢；旺季（例如購物節或年尾）工作量同加班特別多。\n\n入職要求：一般要求中五或以上學歷，懂中英文同基本電腦操作（例如倉庫管理系統同試算表）；部分職位要求熟悉出入口文件或完成危險品認知訓練。行內多由倉務員或跟單員做起，再學協調同談判。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes receiving orders and scheduling shipments, coordinating times with carriers and drivers, handling customs and bill of lading information, chasing delays and damage, updating inventory records in the system and answering customer queries; peak seasons such as shopping festivals and year end bring heavy overtime.\n\nEntry usually means Secondary 5 or above with Chinese, English and basic computer skills such as warehouse management systems and spreadsheets; some posts ask for familiarity with import and export documents or dangerous goods awareness training. Most start as warehouse staff or order clerks and learn coordination and negotiation from there.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由僱主按公司類型、客戶組合及更制自訂，外派條件另行議定；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set pay by company type, customer mix and roster, with overseas postings negotiated separately; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中五或以上學歷，懂中英文及基本電腦操作","熟悉倉庫管理系統及出入口文件者優先","部分職位要求危險品認知或相關訓練","能接受旺季加班及輪班安排"],"entryEn":["Secondary 5 or above with Chinese, English and basic computer skills","Warehouse management systems and import and export documents an advantage","Some posts require dangerous goods awareness or related training","Able to work overtime and shifts in peak season"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"倉務／跟單 → 統籌 → 主管","titleEn":"Warehouse or order clerk → coordinator → supervisor","stepsZh":["由倉務員、跟單員或客服做起","學習出貨流程、承運商安排及系統操作","獨立負責客戶或航線的物流安排","累積經驗後升任倉務或運作主管"],"stepsEn":["Start as warehouse staff, an order clerk or in customer service","Learn shipment processes, carrier arrangements and system work","Take responsibility for a customer or trade lane","Move up to warehouse or operations supervisor"],"sourceIds":["edbLifePlanning","hkqf"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"倉務員／跟單員","titleEn":"Warehouse staff / order clerk"},{"titleZh":"物流統籌員","titleEn":"Logistics coordinator"},{"titleZh":"倉務主管／運作主管","titleEn":"Warehouse / operations supervisor"},{"titleZh":"物流經理","titleEn":"Logistics manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"倉務員／跟單員","titleEn":"Warehouse staff / order clerk"},{"titleZh":"物流統籌員","titleEn":"Logistics coordinator"},{"titleZh":"倉務主管／運作主管","titleEn":"Warehouse / operations supervisor"},{"titleZh":"物流經理","titleEn":"Logistics manager"}]},{"slug":"estate-agent","titleZh":"地產代理","titleEn":"Estate Agent","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"地產代理要持牌：香港嘅地產代理個人及公司都由地產代理監管局發牌，未持牌唔可以做地產代理工作或收佣金。","ledeEn":"Estate agents must be licensed: individuals and companies are licensed by the Estate Agents Authority, and unlicensed agency work or commission-taking is not allowed.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"工作節奏由客人同盤源帶動：早上整理盤源同預約睇樓，日間帶客、議價同準備文件，晚上同業主或客人再跟進。成交涉及業權查核、按揭安排同律師樓，代理要跟到簽約同交樓。","bodyEn":"The rhythm is driven by clients and listings: preparing listings and booking viewings in the morning, showing properties, negotiating and preparing documents during the day, and following up with owners or clients in the evening. A deal runs through title checks, mortgage arrangements and solicitors to signing and handover."},{"titleZh":"入行與牌照","titleEn":"Entry and licensing","bodyZh":"須向地產代理監管局申領營業員牌照或地產代理（個人）牌照，並完成指定考試同培訓，牌照有年期並須持續進修；任職公司須持有效地產代理牌照。違規做代理工作（例如未持牌收佣金）會被檢控。","bodyEn":"You apply to the authority for a salesperson's licence or an agent's (individual) licence, complete the prescribed examination and training, and hold a licence that runs for a set term with continuing professional development; the employing company must hold a valid agency licence. Unlicensed agency work, such as taking commission without a licence, is prosecutable."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬多數以佣金為主，可能另有底薪或「包薪期」，冇法定薪級；佣金拆帳比例同團隊安排視乎公司，收入隨成交市況大幅波動，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：見習營業員 → 持牌營業員 → 地產代理（個人）→ 分行經理 → 區域主管或自設代理公司。","bodyEn":"Pay is usually commission-based, sometimes with a base or a guaranteed period, and there is no statutory scale; commission splits and team arrangements vary by company, and income swings with the market, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs trainee, licensed salesperson, estate agent (individual), branch manager, then area manager or setting up your own agency."}],"sourceIds":["eaaGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括接盤同放盤、帶客睇樓、講解物業資料（面積、樓齡、管理費、業權狀況）、協助買賣或租賃談判、準備臨時買賣合約同租約、跟進按揭同成交手續，亦要處理查詢同更新盤源。\n\n制度方面：地產代理受《地產代理條例》規管，個人須持營業員牌照或地產代理（個人）牌照，公司須持地產代理牌照；持牌人要遵守操守守則（例如如實披露重要資料、不得違規收費），並須持續進修。實際要求以地產代理監管局公布為準。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes taking listings and marketing them, showing properties, explaining facts such as area, age, management fees and title, helping negotiate sales or lettings, preparing provisional agreements and tenancy agreements and following up mortgages and completion, as well as answering enquiries and updating listings.\n\nOn regulation, estate agency is governed by the Estate Agents Ordinance: individuals need a salesperson's licence or an estate agent's (individual) licence and companies need an agency licence. Licensees must follow the practice code, for example disclosing material facts and not charging contrary to the rules, and must keep up continuing professional development. Details are as published by the authority.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級，多為「底薪＋佣金」，比例及拆帳由公司決定；收入隨市道波動，本站不估算月入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale; usually a base rate plus commission with rates and splits set by the company. Income moves with the market, so this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["向地產代理監管局申領營業員牌照或地產代理（個人）牌照","完成指定考試及培訓要求","遵守地產代理操守守則及持續進修要求","如任職公司，公司須持有效地產代理牌照"],"entryEn":["Apply to the Estate Agents Authority for a salesperson's or estate agent's (individual) licence","Complete the prescribed examination and training","Follow the practice code and continuing professional development requirements","The employing company must hold a valid estate agency licence"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"考試領牌 → 分行實習 → 獨立跟單","titleEn":"Examination and licence → branch training → run deals","stepsZh":["完成地產代理監管局要求的考試及培訓","申領營業員牌照並加入持牌代理公司","跟師傅學習盤源、睇樓及文件流程","獨立負責客人及盤源，累積成交紀錄"],"stepsEn":["Complete the authority's examination and training","Obtain a salesperson's licence and join a licensed agency","Learn listings, viewings and paperwork from experienced agents","Handle clients and listings independently and build a record"],"sourceIds":["eaaGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習營業員","titleEn":"Trainee"},{"titleZh":"持牌營業員","titleEn":"Licensed salesperson"},{"titleZh":"地產代理（個人）","titleEn":"Estate agent (individual)"},{"titleZh":"分行經理","titleEn":"Branch manager"},{"titleZh":"區域主管／自設代理公司","titleEn":"Area manager / own agency"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習營業員","titleEn":"Trainee"},{"titleZh":"持牌營業員","titleEn":"Licensed salesperson"},{"titleZh":"地產代理（個人）","titleEn":"Estate agent (individual)"},{"titleZh":"分行經理","titleEn":"Branch manager"},{"titleZh":"區域主管／自設代理公司","titleEn":"Area manager / own agency"}]},{"slug":"telecommunications-technician","titleZh":"電訊技術員","titleEn":"Telecommunications Technician","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"電訊技術員負責固網、寬頻、流動網絡同機樓設備嘅安裝、測試同維修；行業受通訊事務管理局規管，工作常涉及客戶處所同戶外設施。","ledeEn":"Telecommunications technicians install, test and repair fixed network, broadband, mobile network and exchange equipment; the industry is regulated by the Communications Authority and the work often involves customer premises and outdoor plant.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"上門安裝同維修佔唔少時間：同客戶約時間、拉線、量度訊號、設定路由器同測試速度；機樓同基站工作就講求按程序停電、做標籤同記錄，戶外工作要留意天氣同管道安全。","bodyEn":"Home installation and repair take up much of the time: booking appointments with customers, running cables, measuring signal, setting up routers and testing speeds, while exchange and base station work requires switching procedures, labelling and records, and outdoor work demands attention to weather and confined ducts."},{"titleZh":"入行與規管","titleEn":"Entry and regulation","bodyZh":"一般要求中學程度，讀職業訓練局電訊或電子課程或由學徒做起；行業整體受通訊事務管理局規管（例如電訊服務牌照同技術標準），技術員要按營運商同客戶嘅要求工作，涉及電力裝置嘅工序須由註冊電業工程人員進行。","bodyEn":"Secondary education is usual, with a Vocational Training Council telecommunications or electronics course or an apprenticeship. The industry is regulated by the Communications Authority through service licences and technical standards, technicians must follow operator and customer requirements, and electrical installation work must be done by a registered electrical worker."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按日薪或月薪決定，冇法定薪級；外勤、通宵或緊急維修津貼視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：學徒／助理 → 電訊技術員 → 高級技術員或組長 → 網絡運維或工程主管，亦可轉做數據中心或企業網絡工作。","bodyEn":"The employer sets day rates or monthly pay with no statutory scale; call-out, overnight or emergency repair allowances vary by company, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs apprentice or assistant, telecommunications technician, senior technician or team leader, then network operations or engineering supervisor, with moves into data centre or enterprise network work."}],"sourceIds":["ofcaGovHK","vtcEducation","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括安裝同接駁寬頻或電話線路、測試訊號同速度、排查客戶端故障、更換機樓或基站設備、做線纜接續同光纖熔接；亦有崗位做戶外管道、沙井同天線設施嘅維護。\n\n入職一般要求中學程度加電訊或電子相關訓練，行內多由學徒或助理做起。電訊技術員冇獨立嘅法定註冊制度，但涉及電力部分要由註冊電業工程人員處理，喺機樓、基站或客戶處所施工要遵守營運商嘅安全同私隱規定。","bodyEn":"Daily work covers installing and connecting broadband or telephone lines, testing signal and speed, tracing faults at the customer end, replacing exchange or base station equipment and splicing copper and fibre cables, with some posts maintaining ducts, manholes and antenna installations outdoors.\n\nEntry usually means secondary education plus telecommunications or electronics training, and many start as apprentices or assistants. There is no separate statutory registration for telecom technicians, but electrical work must go to a registered electrical worker, and work in exchanges, base stations or customer premises must follow the operator's safety and privacy rules.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由僱主按技術範疇、更制及外勤安排自訂，或設外勤／通宵津貼；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set pay by technical area, roster and fieldwork, sometimes with field or overnight allowances; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中學程度，讀 VTC 電訊或電子課程，或由學徒做起","熟悉線路接駁、訊號測試及光纖熔接等工序","涉及固定電力裝置的工序須由註冊電業工程人員進行","戶外及客戶處所工作須遵守安全及私隱規定"],"entryEn":["Secondary education with a VTC telecommunications or electronics course, or an apprenticeship","Familiarity with cable jointing, signal testing and fibre splicing","Work on fixed electrical installations must go to a registered electrical worker","Outdoor and customer premises work must follow safety and privacy rules"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助理 → 技術員 → 專項","titleEn":"Apprentice or assistant → technician → specialism","stepsZh":["讀職業訓練局電訊或電子課程","跟師傅做安裝、測試同故障排查","負責指定區域或技術（例如光纖、基站）","轉做網絡運維、設計或工程主管"],"stepsEn":["Take a VTC telecommunications or electronics course","Work with a technician on installation, testing and fault finding","Own a district or technology area such as fibre or base stations","Move into network operations, design or engineering supervision"],"sourceIds":["ofcaGovHK","vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助理","titleEn":"Apprentice / assistant"},{"titleZh":"電訊技術員","titleEn":"Telecommunications technician"},{"titleZh":"高級技術員／組長","titleEn":"Senior technician / team leader"},{"titleZh":"網絡運維或工程主管","titleEn":"Network operations or engineering supervisor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助理","titleEn":"Apprentice / assistant"},{"titleZh":"電訊技術員","titleEn":"Telecommunications technician"},{"titleZh":"高級技術員／組長","titleEn":"Senior technician / team leader"},{"titleZh":"網絡運維或工程主管","titleEn":"Network operations or engineering supervisor"}]},{"slug":"primary-school-teacher","titleZh":"小學教師","titleEn":"Primary School Teacher","industryZh":"教育及培訓","industryEn":"Education & training","sectorId":"education","ledeZh":"小學教師須向教育局註冊；資助學校學位教師一般須持有認可學位同教育師資培訓，語文科另有語文能力要求。","ledeEn":"Primary school teachers must be registered with the Education Bureau; aided school graduate teachers normally need a recognised degree plus teacher training, and language subjects carry additional language proficiency requirements.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"一日由早會或班主任時間開始，之後連續上課、處理班務同突發情況；放學後做備課、批改、開會同課外活動。教學以外仲有大量行政（點名、通告、評估紀錄同家長溝通）。","bodyEn":"The day starts with assembly or class-teacher time, then consecutive lessons with class matters and incidents in between; after school come preparation, marking, meetings and activities. Beyond teaching there is substantial administration, from attendance and circulars to assessment records and parent contact."},{"titleZh":"入職要求與註冊","titleEn":"Entry requirements and registration","bodyZh":"須按《教育條例》向教育局註冊；資助學校學位教師一般須持認可學位及教育師資培訓，語文科要符合語文能力要求。招聘由校方進行，通常包括面試同試教，並可能要求教學經驗或相關科目背景。","bodyEn":"Registration with the bureau under the Education Ordinance is required; aided school graduate teachers normally hold a recognised degree and teacher training, and language teachers must meet language proficiency requirements. Schools run their own recruitment, usually with interviews and a demonstration lesson, and may ask for teaching experience or a relevant subject background."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"資助學校教師按公務員總薪級表相關薪點支薪，另有津貼；私立、直資同國際學校由校方自訂，所以本站唔列金額。路線：文憑教師或助理教師 → 學位教師 → 主任教師 → 副校長 → 校長，亦可轉做教育行政、課程發展或教師培訓。","bodyEn":"Aided school teachers are paid on the relevant points of the civil service master pay scale with allowances, while private, direct subsidy and international schools set their own terms, so this site prints no amounts. The route runs certificate or assistant teacher, graduate teacher, panel head, vice-principal, then principal, with moves into education administration, curriculum development or teacher training."}],"sourceIds":["edbTeacherReg","hkeaaGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括備課同教學、設計教材同評估、批改功課、處理班務同學生紀律、同家長溝通、參與課外活動同校內委員會；小學多數實行班主任制，一位老師要兼顧多個科目。\n\n制度方面：教師須按《教育條例》向教育局註冊（分檢定教員同准用教員），資助學校常額學位教師須持有認可學位及教育師資培訓（例如教育學士，或學位加教育文憑）；語文教師另須符合語文能力要求。實際要求以教育局同校方公布為準。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes lesson preparation and teaching, designing materials and assessments, marking, class administration and discipline, talking with parents and taking part in extra-curricular activities and school committees; primary schools usually run a class-teacher system, so one teacher covers several subjects.\n\nThe framework sits under the Education Ordinance: teachers register with the Education Bureau as registered or permitted teachers, and aided school graduate posts require a recognised degree plus teacher training, such as a Bachelor of Education or a degree with a postgraduate diploma in education, with additional language proficiency requirements for language teachers. Actual requirements are as published by the bureau and schools.","payBasisZh":"資助小學按教育局薪級表；官立學校按公務員薪級表；直資及私立學校由校方自訂。現行薪點及金額以公布為準，本站不列金額。","payBasisEn":"Aided schools follow the EDB pay scale, government schools the civil service scale, and DSS or private schools set their own. Current points and amounts are as published; this site prints no amounts.","entryZh":["按《教育條例》向教育局註冊為檢定教員或准用教員","持有認可學位及教育師資培訓（教育學士或學位加教育文憑）","語文科教師須符合語文能力要求","通過校方招聘程序（包括面試及試教）"],"entryEn":["Register with the Education Bureau as a registered or permitted teacher","Hold a recognised degree plus teacher training (BEd or degree with PGDE)","Language teachers must meet language proficiency requirements","Pass the school's recruitment process, including interview and demonstration lesson"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學位＋師訓 → 註冊 → 校方招聘","titleEn":"Degree and training → registration → school recruitment","stepsZh":["完成認可學位課程及教育師資培訓","向教育局申請教師註冊","應徵學校職位並通過面試及試教","入職後接受學校的入職輔導及持續專業發展"],"stepsEn":["Complete a recognised degree and teacher training","Apply to the Education Bureau for teacher registration","Apply to schools and pass interviews and a demonstration lesson","Undergo induction and continuing professional development after joining"],"sourceIds":["edbTeacherReg","hkeaaGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"文憑教師／助理教師","titleEn":"Certificate / assistant teacher"},{"titleZh":"學位教師","titleEn":"Graduate teacher"},{"titleZh":"主任教師","titleEn":"Panel head"},{"titleZh":"副校長","titleEn":"Vice-principal"},{"titleZh":"校長","titleEn":"Principal"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"文憑教師／助理教師","titleEn":"Certificate / assistant teacher"},{"titleZh":"學位教師","titleEn":"Graduate teacher"},{"titleZh":"主任教師","titleEn":"Panel head"},{"titleZh":"副校長","titleEn":"Vice-principal"},{"titleZh":"校長","titleEn":"Principal"}]},{"slug":"customs-officer","titleZh":"海關關員","titleEn":"Customs Officer","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"海關關員屬紀律部隊員佐級，負責貨物同旅客查驗、緝私、知識產權同消費者保障執法；入職要通過體能測驗同《基本法及香港國安法》測試。","ledeEn":"Customs officers are a rank-and-file disciplined service post handling cargo and passenger examination, anti-smuggling, intellectual property and consumer protection enforcement; entry requires fitness and Basic Law and National Security Law tests.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"口岸同機場工作講求速度同準確：核對文件、檢查貨物同行李、處理違規個案同寫報告；行動組做監視、跟蹤同突擊搜查，工作時間不固定。","bodyEn":"Boundary and airport work demands speed and accuracy: checking documents and goods or baggage, handling breaches and writing reports, while operational teams carry out surveillance, follow-up and raids on irregular hours."},{"titleZh":"入職要求","titleEn":"Entry requirements","bodyZh":"以香港海關招聘公告為準：中學文憑試指定科目達標、通過體能測驗同面試、符合語文要求，2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位另須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試，入職後須入住學院受訓。","bodyEn":"As advertised by the department: specified HKDSE subject results, a fitness test, interviews and language proficiency, plus a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for posts advertised from 1 July 2022, with residential training at the Customs College."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬按紀律人員薪級表支薪，入職薪點見招聘公告，另有津貼同逾時工作補薪，實際金額以政府公布為準，本站唔列數字。員佐級可經晉升考試轉任海關督察，再升任高級督察、總督察。","bodyEn":"Pay follows the Disciplined Services pay scale with the entry point in the recruitment notice plus allowances and overtime pay; actual figures are as published and this site prints none. Rank-and-file officers may enter the inspectorate through promotion examinations and progress to senior and chief inspector."}],"sourceIds":["customsGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括喺口岸、機場同貨櫃碼頭查驗貨物同旅客行李、審核出入口報關文件、執行保護知識產權（例如冒牌貨）同保障消費者嘅法例，亦會參與打擊私煙、毒品同瀕危物種走私嘅行動。\n\n入職要求以香港海關公布嘅招聘公告為準：關員一般要求中學文憑試指定科目達標、通過體能測驗同面試、符合語文要求；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。入職後到海關學院受訓，工作須輪班。","bodyEn":"Daily work covers examining cargo and passenger baggage at boundary points, the airport and container terminals, checking import and export declarations, enforcing intellectual property and consumer protection law, and joining operations against illicit cigarettes, drugs and endangered species smuggling.\n\nEntry follows the Customs and Excise Department's recruitment notices: officers usually need specified HKDSE subject results, a fitness test, interviews and language proficiency, while civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022 also require a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Recruits train at the Customs College and work shifts.","payBasisZh":"公務員紀律人員（員佐級）薪級表，入職薪點見海關招聘公告；另設津貼及逾時工作補薪。本站不列金額。","payBasisEn":"Civil service Disciplined Services (Rank and File) pay scale, entry point stated in Customs recruitment notices, plus allowances and overtime pay. This site prints no amounts.","entryZh":["中學文憑試指定科目達標（以香港海關招聘公告為準）","通過海關入職體能測驗及面試","符合中英文語文能力要求","2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登的公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試"],"entryEn":["Specified HKDSE subject results as advertised by the department","Pass the entry fitness test and interviews","Meet Chinese and English language requirements","Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for posts advertised from 1 July 2022"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"招聘 → 海關學院 → 口岸執勤","titleEn":"Recruitment → Customs College → boundary duty","stepsZh":["留意香港海關招聘公告並遞交申請","通過體能測驗、面試及語文要求","入職後到海關學院受訓並通過考核","派駐口岸、機場或碼頭，累積年資後投考督察"],"stepsEn":["Watch the department's recruitment notices and apply","Pass the fitness test, interviews and language requirements","Train at the Customs College and pass assessments","Serve at boundary points, the airport or terminals and later apply for the inspectorate"],"sourceIds":["customsGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"海關關員","titleEn":"Customs Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級關員","titleEn":"Senior Customs Officer"},{"titleZh":"總關員","titleEn":"Chief Customs Officer"},{"titleZh":"海關督察","titleEn":"Customs Inspector","noteZh":"經晉升考試轉主任級","noteEn":"Officer grade by promotion examination"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"海關關員","titleEn":"Customs Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級關員","titleEn":"Senior Customs Officer"},{"titleZh":"總關員","titleEn":"Chief Customs Officer"},{"titleZh":"海關督察","titleEn":"Customs Inspector"}]},{"slug":"tour-guide","titleZh":"導遊","titleEn":"Tour Guide","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","ledeZh":"導遊帶旅客遊覽香港景點同處理行程安排；帶團屬受規管行業，須向旅遊業監管局申領導遊牌照並遵守行業守則。","ledeEn":"Tour guides lead visitors around Hong Kong and manage the itinerary; guiding is a regulated activity, requiring a guide licence from the Travel Industry Authority and compliance with the trade code.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"帶團一日多數由早上集合同上車開始，行程中要控制時間、講解同處理團員問題，晚上可能仲要交代翌日安排；旺季同時段多團，要熟路面情況同備用方案（例如天氣或交通改道）。","bodyEn":"A guiding day usually starts with assembling the group and boarding, then controlling timing, commentary and group queries through the itinerary, with evening briefing for the next day; in peak periods several groups run at once, so road conditions and backup plans for weather or diversions matter."},{"titleZh":"入行與牌照","titleEn":"Entry and licensing","bodyZh":"須向旅遊業監管局申領導遊牌照（按類別），完成指定培訓同考試並按規定續期；持牌人要遵守行業守則，購物安排同自費項目須符合規定。入行一般要求良好中英文或普通話，具備本地歷史文化知識同應變能力。","bodyEn":"You apply to the Travel Industry Authority for a guide licence by category, complete the required training and examination and renew as required; licence holders follow the trade code on shopping and optional items. Entry usually needs good Chinese and English or Putonghua, local history and culture knowledge and the ability to react on the spot."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬多數係底薪加服務費或按團計酬，冇法定薪級；自由身導遊收入隨團量浮動，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：導遊 → 資深導遊或領隊 → 線路主管 → 旅行社產品或運作管理，亦可轉做旅客服務、景點導賞或培訓。","bodyEn":"Pay is usually a base rate plus service fees or per-tour rates with no statutory scale; freelance guides see income move with tour volume, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs guide, senior guide or tour escort, product line supervisor, then travel agency product or operations management, with moves into visitor services, attraction interpretation or training."}],"sourceIds":["tiaOrgHK","hktbGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括按行程帶團、講解景點歷史文化、處理交通同餐飲安排、照顧團員需要同安全、應對突發事件（例如天氣變化、團員不適），亦要同司機、領隊同旅行社協調。\n\n規管方面：香港嘅導遊同領隊須按《旅遊業條例》向旅遊業監管局申領牌照，牌照有類別同年期，並要符合培訓、考試同續期要求；持牌導遊亦要遵守行業守則，購物同自費項目安排須符合規定。實際要求以旅遊業監管局公布為準。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes leading the group to the itinerary, explaining the history and culture of sites, arranging transport and meals, looking after group members' needs and safety, handling incidents such as weather changes or illness, and coordinating with the driver, tour leader and travel agent.\n\nOn regulation, guides and tour escorts must be licensed by the Travel Industry Authority under the Travel Industry Ordinance, with licence categories and terms subject to training, examination and renewal requirements; licensed guides must also follow the trade code, including rules on shopping and optional tours. Actual requirements are as published by the authority.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。受僱導遊多為「底薪＋出團費／服務費」，自僱導遊按團報價並自負成本；本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employed guides usually earn a base rate plus a per-tour or service fee, while freelance guides quote per tour and bear their own costs. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["向旅遊業監管局申領導遊牌照（按類別）","完成指定培訓及考試要求","牌照須按規定續期","遵守行業守則，購物及自費項目安排須符合規定"],"entryEn":["Apply to the Travel Industry Authority for a guide licence by category","Complete the required training and examination","Renew the licence as required","Follow the trade code on shopping and optional tours"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"培訓考試 → 領牌 → 帶團","titleEn":"Training and examination → licence → guiding","stepsZh":["完成旅遊業監管局要求的培訓課程","通過考試並申領導遊牌照","由短線團或半日團開始累積經驗","承接長線或主題團，或轉做領隊及產品設計"],"stepsEn":["Complete the training the authority requires","Pass the examination and apply for the guide licence","Build experience on short or half-day tours","Take on long-haul or themed tours, or move into tour leading and product design"],"sourceIds":["tiaOrgHK","hktbGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"導遊","titleEn":"Tour guide"},{"titleZh":"資深導遊／領隊","titleEn":"Senior guide / tour escort"},{"titleZh":"線路主管","titleEn":"Product line supervisor"},{"titleZh":"旅行社產品或運作管理","titleEn":"Travel agency product or operations management"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"導遊","titleEn":"Tour guide"},{"titleZh":"資深導遊／領隊","titleEn":"Senior guide / tour escort"},{"titleZh":"線路主管","titleEn":"Product line supervisor"},{"titleZh":"旅行社產品或運作管理","titleEn":"Travel agency product or operations management"}]},{"slug":"veterinary-nurse","titleZh":"獸醫護士","titleEn":"Veterinary Nurse","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","ledeZh":"獸醫護士喺獸醫診所或動物醫院協助診症、手術同住院護理；香港冇獸醫護士法定註冊制度，業界靠僱主培訓同相關課程資歷。","ledeEn":"Veterinary nurses assist with consultations, surgery and inpatient care in clinics and animal hospitals. Hong Kong has no statutory registration for veterinary nurses; the trade relies on employer training and course qualifications.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"診所節奏快：早上多數係門診同手術準備，下午做覆診、住院護理同清潔消毒，晚上或急症時段要支援獸醫處理危急個案。要習慣被動物咬抓，亦要應付主人嘅情緒同查詢。","bodyEn":"Clinics run at a fast pace: mornings often cover consultations and surgical preparation, afternoons follow-up visits, inpatient care and disinfection, and evenings or emergency periods mean supporting the vet with critical cases. You get used to bites and scratches and to handling owners' anxiety and questions."},{"titleZh":"入行與規管","titleEn":"Entry and regulation","bodyZh":"入行一般要求中學程度同對動物護理有興趣，冇法定牌照；多數由診所助理做起，邊做邊學，或先讀動物護理相關課程、海外獸醫護理課程。實際訓練內容同職銜由僱主決定，涉及藥物同麻醉嘅工作要在獸醫指示下進行。","bodyEn":"Entry usually means secondary education and an interest in animal care, with no statutory licence; most start as clinic assistants and learn on the job, or take an animal care or overseas veterinary nursing course first. Training and job titles are set by the employer, and medicine and anaesthesia work follows the vet's instructions."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按診所規模、更制同經驗決定，冇法定薪級；急症或夜診津貼視乎診所安排，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：診所助理 → 獸醫護士 → 高級護士或手術室主管 → 診所運作主管，亦可進修獸醫相關學位。","bodyEn":"Pay is set by the employer according to clinic size, roster and experience with no statutory scale, and emergency or night allowances depend on the clinic, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs clinic assistant, veterinary nurse, senior nurse or theatre supervisor, then clinic operations lead, with the option of further veterinary study."}],"sourceIds":["vbhkOrgHK","vtcEducation","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括接待同安撫動物、量度體重同體溫、協助抽血同影像檢查、準備同消毒手術器械、監察麻醉、照顧住院動物嘅餵食同清潔、配藥同向主人解釋用藥方法，亦要處理預約同病歷紀錄。\n\n制度方面：香港目前冇獸醫護士或動物護士嘅法定註冊，唔似護士、物理治療師有管理局發牌；業界主要靠僱主在職培訓、海外認證課程或本地動物護理課程累積能力，部分診所用「獸醫技術員」職銜並要求特定資歷。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes greeting and handling animals, weighing them and taking temperatures, assisting with blood sampling and imaging, preparing and sterilising surgical instruments, monitoring anaesthesia, feeding and cleaning hospitalised animals, dispensing medicines and explaining them to owners, as well as appointments and records.\n\nOn regulation, Hong Kong has no statutory registration for veterinary or animal nurses, unlike nursing or physiotherapy which have boards; the trade builds skills through employer training, overseas qualifications or local animal care courses, and some clinics use the title veterinary technician with specific requirements.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由診所或動物醫院按規模、更制及資歷自訂，或設急症／通宵津貼；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Clinics and animal hospitals set pay by size, shift pattern and experience, sometimes with emergency or overnight allowances; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中學程度；香港無獸醫護士法定註冊制度","一般由診所助理做起，接受僱主在職培訓","可先讀動物護理相關課程或海外獸醫護理課程","藥物及麻醉相關工作須在獸醫指示下進行"],"entryEn":["Secondary education; there is no statutory registration for veterinary nurses in Hong Kong","Most start as clinic assistants with employer training","An animal care course or an overseas veterinary nursing course helps","Medicine and anaesthesia work is carried out on the vet's instructions"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"診所助理 → 獸醫護士","titleEn":"Clinic assistant → veterinary nurse","stepsZh":["向獸醫診所或動物醫院應徵助理","學基本動物保定、清潔消毒同器械處理","在獸醫指導下協助手術及住院護理","進修動物護理課程並負責專科崗位"],"stepsEn":["Apply as an assistant at a veterinary clinic or animal hospital","Learn animal handling, disinfection and instrument care","Assist with surgery and inpatient care under the vet's guidance","Study animal care further and take on a specialist role"],"sourceIds":["vbhkOrgHK","vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"診所助理","titleEn":"Clinic assistant"},{"titleZh":"獸醫護士","titleEn":"Veterinary nurse"},{"titleZh":"高級護士／手術室主管","titleEn":"Senior nurse / theatre supervisor"},{"titleZh":"診所運作主管","titleEn":"Clinic operations lead"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"診所助理","titleEn":"Clinic assistant"},{"titleZh":"獸醫護士","titleEn":"Veterinary nurse"},{"titleZh":"高級護士／手術室主管","titleEn":"Senior nurse / theatre supervisor"},{"titleZh":"診所運作主管","titleEn":"Clinic operations lead"}]},{"slug":"it-support-technician","titleZh":"資訊科技支援技術員","titleEn":"IT Support Technician","industryZh":"資訊科技","industryEn":"Information technology","sectorId":"it","ledeZh":"IT 支援技術員負責電腦、網絡同系統嘅日常支援：安裝、設定、排錯同用戶協助，係企業內部最前線嘅技術崗位。","ledeEn":"IT support technicians provide day-to-day support for computers, networks and systems: installation, configuration, troubleshooting and user help, as the front line of in-house technology.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"一日由工單開始：先處理影響多人嘅事故（例如網絡或系統故障），再逐個處理用戶問題（軟件、打印、帳戶、登入）；亦要做定期保養、更新同庫存記錄，並將重複問題整理成指引減少查詢。","bodyEn":"The day starts with the ticket queue: incidents affecting many users such as network or system outages come first, then individual issues with software, printing, accounts and logins; scheduled maintenance, patching and asset records are also part of the job, along with turning repeat issues into guides to cut future tickets."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"一般要求中專或大專程度（資訊科技相關），熟悉電腦操作、網絡基礎同基本伺服器知識；持有行業認可證書者優先。入職後須遵守資料私隱、資訊保安同內部變更程序，部分職位要輪班或候命。","bodyEn":"A diploma or sub-degree in IT is usual, with computer skills, networking basics and some server knowledge, and vendor certifications an advantage. Staff must follow data privacy, information security and change control procedures, and some posts involve shifts or standby."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按職級同經驗決定，另有輪班或候命津貼，實際安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：支援技術員 → 高級技術員或系統管理員 → 網絡、系統或雲端工程師 → IT 運維主管，亦可轉做資訊保安或項目管理。","bodyEn":"The employer sets pay by grade and experience, often with shift or standby allowances, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs support technician, senior technician or system administrator, network, system or cloud engineer, then IT operations lead, with moves into information security or project management."}],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation","giaOgcio2004","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括安裝同設定電腦、周邊設備同軟件、處理帳戶同權限、排查網絡或系統問題、記錄同跟進支援工單、協助備份同還原資料、跟進行動裝置同視像會議設備；緊急事故要即時通報同上報，部分職位要輪班或候命。\n\n入職要求：一般要求中專或大專程度（資訊科技相關較有利），具備 Windows／macOS、網絡基礎同基本伺服器知識；行業認可證書（例如微軟、思科或 CompTIA 等）對求職有幫助。入職後要學識內部程序、資料私隱同網絡安全要求。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes installing and configuring computers, peripherals and software, managing accounts and permissions, troubleshooting network or system problems, logging and following up support tickets, helping with backup and restore, and supporting mobile devices and video conferencing equipment; incidents must be escalated promptly, and some posts involve shifts or standby.\n\nEntry usually means a diploma or sub-degree in IT, with Windows and macOS knowledge, networking basics and some server familiarity; vendor certifications such as Microsoft, Cisco or CompTIA help. On the job you learn internal procedures, data privacy and cybersecurity requirements.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由僱主按公司類型、支援範圍及候召安排自訂；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set pay by company type, scope of support and on-call arrangements; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中專或大專程度（資訊科技相關較有利）","熟悉電腦操作、網絡基礎及基本伺服器知識","持有行業認可證書者優先（如微軟、思科、CompTIA 等）","須遵守資料私隱及資訊保安要求，部分職位需輪班或候命"],"entryEn":["Diploma or sub-degree, with IT-related study an advantage","Computer skills, networking basics and some server knowledge","Vendor certifications such as Microsoft, Cisco or CompTIA preferred","Data privacy and information security rules apply, with shifts or standby in some posts"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"支援技術員 → 系統管理員 → 工程師","titleEn":"Support technician → system administrator → engineer","stepsZh":["讀資訊科技文憑或高級文憑課程","由服務台或支援技術員做起","考取行業認可證書，專攻網絡、系統或雲端","升任系統管理員或工程師，負責項目"],"stepsEn":["Take an IT diploma or higher diploma","Start on the service desk or as a support technician","Gain vendor certifications and specialise in network, systems or cloud","Move up to system administrator or engineer with project ownership"],"sourceIds":["vtcEducation","giaOgcio2004"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"支援技術員","titleEn":"IT support technician"},{"titleZh":"高級技術員／系統管理員","titleEn":"Senior technician / system administrator"},{"titleZh":"網絡／系統／雲端工程師","titleEn":"Network / system / cloud engineer"},{"titleZh":"IT 運維主管","titleEn":"IT operations lead"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"支援技術員","titleEn":"IT support technician"},{"titleZh":"高級技術員／系統管理員","titleEn":"Senior technician / system administrator"},{"titleZh":"網絡／系統／雲端工程師","titleEn":"Network / system / cloud engineer"},{"titleZh":"IT 運維主管","titleEn":"IT operations lead"}]},{"slug":"insurance-agent","titleZh":"保險代理","titleEn":"Insurance Agent","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"保險代理要持牌：個人須獲保險業監管局發出牌照並由持牌保險代理機構委任，先可以進行受規管活動。","ledeEn":"Insurance agents must be licensed: an individual needs a licence from the Insurance Authority and must be appointed by a licensed insurance agency before carrying out regulated activities.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"工作以人際網絡為主：約客、講解、跟進核保同理賠，亦要做客戶服務（例如保單更改、受益人變更）。新人多數由親友同轉介開始建立客源，之後靠續保同轉介維持收入。","bodyEn":"The job runs on relationships: meeting clients, explaining cover, following up underwriting and claims, and servicing policies such as changes and beneficiary updates. New agents often build a client base from family, friends and referrals, then sustain income through renewals and referrals."},{"titleZh":"入行與牌照","titleEn":"Entry and licensing","bodyZh":"須向保險業監管局申領個人牌照，並由持牌保險代理機構委任；要符合學歷、指定培訓同考試要求，持牌後須持續進修。銷售投資相連產品須另具相關資格，違規銷售會被紀律處分。","bodyEn":"You apply to the Insurance Authority for an individual licence and must be appointed by a licensed agency; academic, prescribed training and examination requirements apply, with continuing professional development afterwards. Selling investment-linked products needs additional qualifications, and misconduct leads to disciplinary action."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬主要係佣金同獎金，可能另有新人津貼或底薪期，冇法定薪級；佣金率同團隊分帳視乎公司同產品，收入隨客戶量波動，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：見習代理 → 保險代理 → 高級代理或團隊主管 → 分行或區域經理，亦可轉做核保、理賠或培訓。","bodyEn":"Pay is mainly commission and bonuses, sometimes with a newcomer allowance or base period and no statutory scale; commission rates and team splits vary by company and product, so income swings with the client base and this site prints no estimate. The route runs trainee, insurance agent, senior agent or unit manager, then branch or area manager, with moves into underwriting, claims or training."}],"sourceIds":["iaGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括約見客戶講解產品（例如人壽、醫療、意外、旅遊保）、協助填寫投保文件同核實資料、跟進核保結果同索償、處理續保同客戶服務；亦要遵守銷售流程，例如財務需要分析、風險披露同冷靜期安排。\n\n制度方面：保險業受《保險業條例》規管，個人牌照由保險業監管局發出（分代理同經紀），須符合學歷、培訓同考試要求並持續進修；銷售投資相連產品另要符合相關資格要求。實際要求以保監局公布為準。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes meeting clients to explain products such as life, medical, accident and travel cover, helping complete applications and verify information, following up underwriting outcomes and claims, and handling renewals and servicing, all within the sales process covering financial needs analysis, risk disclosure and the cooling-off period.\n\nOn regulation, insurance is governed by the Insurance Ordinance, with individual licences issued by the Insurance Authority for agents and brokers; licensees must meet academic, training and examination requirements and keep up continuing professional development, and selling investment-linked products needs additional qualifications. Details are as published by the authority.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。多為代理合約或自僱，收入按保險公司設定嘅佣金及花紅制度計算；本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Most work under an agency agreement or as self-employed, earning commission and bonuses set by the insurer; this site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["向保險業監管局申領個人牌照並由持牌保險代理機構委任","符合學歷、培訓及考試要求","持續進修並遵守銷售流程及披露要求","銷售投資相連產品須另具相關資格"],"entryEn":["Apply to the Insurance Authority for an individual licence and be appointed by a licensed agency","Meet academic, training and examination requirements","Keep up continuing professional development and follow sales and disclosure rules","Selling investment-linked products needs additional qualifications"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"培訓考試 → 領牌委任 → 建立客源","titleEn":"Training and examination → licence and appointment → build a client base","stepsZh":["完成保險中介人資格考試及培訓","申領個人牌照並獲代理機構委任","由親友及轉介開始建立客戶基礎","持續進修，擴闊產品類別及團隊"],"stepsEn":["Complete the insurance intermediary examinations and training","Obtain the individual licence and an agency appointment","Build a client base from contacts and referrals","Keep studying to widen product lines and build a team"],"sourceIds":["iaGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習代理","titleEn":"Trainee agent"},{"titleZh":"保險代理","titleEn":"Insurance agent"},{"titleZh":"高級代理／團隊主管","titleEn":"Senior agent / unit manager"},{"titleZh":"分行或區域經理","titleEn":"Branch or area manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習代理","titleEn":"Trainee agent"},{"titleZh":"保險代理","titleEn":"Insurance agent"},{"titleZh":"高級代理／團隊主管","titleEn":"Senior agent / unit manager"},{"titleZh":"分行或區域經理","titleEn":"Branch or area manager"}]},{"slug":"air-hostess","titleZh":"空中服務員","titleEn":"Flight Attendant","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","ledeZh":"空中服務員負責機上乘客安全同服務；入職要通過航空公司遴選、體檢同安全訓練，並符合語言、身高可及範圍及客戶服務要求。","ledeEn":"Flight attendants are responsible for passenger safety and cabin service; entry requires the airline's selection process, a medical check and safety training, plus language, reach and customer service requirements.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"航班之間時間緊湊：落機後要整理客艙、補給同做簡報，再上下一班；時差同通宵航班係常態。服務之外，安全職責包括檢查緊急設備、示範安全程序同準備撤離，所以體能同反應都好重要。","bodyEn":"Turnarounds are tight: after landing comes cabin tidying, restocking and briefing before the next sector, and jet lag and night flights are routine. Beyond service, safety duties include checking emergency equipment, demonstrating procedures and preparing for evacuation, so fitness and quick reactions matter."},{"titleZh":"入行與訓練","titleEn":"Entry and training","bodyZh":"以航空公司招聘公告為準：中學或以上程度、良好中英文（其他語言有利）、通過體檢及可及範圍要求、能接受輪班飛行；入職後接受數星期安全同服務訓練，包括緊急撤離、急救同機型課程，並須通過考核。","bodyEn":"As advertised by the airline: secondary education or above, good Chinese and English with other languages an advantage, a medical check and reach requirements, and availability for rotational flying. Training lasts several weeks and covers emergency evacuation, first aid and aircraft types, with assessments to pass."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由航空公司按職級、飛行時數同外站津貼決定，冇法定薪級；實際結構以公司公布為準，本站唔估算收入。路線：機艙服務員 → 高級機艙服務員 → 客艙主管 → 客艙服務經理或訓練導師，亦可轉做地面服務、航空安全或培訓工作。","bodyEn":"The airline sets pay by rank, flying hours and layover allowances with no statutory scale; the structure follows the company's published terms and this site prints no estimate. The route runs flight attendant, senior attendant, cabin supervisor, then cabin services manager or instructor, with moves into ground services, aviation safety or training."}],"sourceIds":["hkairportAuth","edbLifePlanningAviation","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括登機前簡報同安全檢查、起飛同降落階段檢查客艙、派餐同免稅品、處理乘客需要同突發情況（例如乘客不適或機艙事故），亦要做安全示範同執行機長指示。\n\n入職要求以各航空公司招聘公告為準：一般要求中學或以上程度、良好中英文（懂得其他語言有利）、通過體檢同可及範圍要求、能接受長時間站立同輪班飛行；入職後接受數星期安全同服務訓練（包括緊急撤離、急救同機型訓練）並通過考核先可以執勤。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes pre-flight briefings and safety checks, cabin checks for take-off and landing, meal and duty-free service, dealing with passenger needs and incidents such as illness or cabin events, plus the safety demonstration and carrying out the captain's instructions.\n\nEntry follows each airline's recruitment notices: secondary education or above, good Chinese and English with other languages an advantage, a medical check and reach requirements, and willingness to stand for long periods and work rotational flying. Training runs several weeks, covering emergency evacuation, first aid and aircraft types, and must be passed before flying.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由航空公司按底薪、飛行時數及外站津貼組合決定；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Airlines set pay as a base rate plus flying-hour and layover allowances; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中學或以上程度（以航空公司招聘公告為準）","良好中英文，懂得其他語言有利","通過體檢及可及範圍要求","完成安全及服務訓練並通過考核"],"entryEn":["Secondary education or above, as advertised by the airline","Good Chinese and English, with other languages an advantage","Pass the medical check and reach requirements","Complete safety and service training and pass assessments"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"航空公司遴選 → 安全訓練 → 執勤","titleEn":"Airline selection → safety training → flying duty","stepsZh":["留意航空公司招聘並遞交申請","通過面試、語文評估及體檢","接受緊急撤離、急救及機型訓練","通過考核後派飛，按航班表輪班"],"stepsEn":["Watch airline recruitment and apply","Pass the interview, language assessment and medical check","Train in emergency evacuation, first aid and aircraft types","Fly on rotation after passing assessments"],"sourceIds":["hkairportAuth","edbLifePlanningAviation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"機艙服務員","titleEn":"Flight attendant"},{"titleZh":"高級機艙服務員","titleEn":"Senior flight attendant"},{"titleZh":"客艙主管","titleEn":"Cabin supervisor"},{"titleZh":"客艙服務經理／訓練導師","titleEn":"Cabin services manager / instructor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"機艙服務員","titleEn":"Flight attendant"},{"titleZh":"高級機艙服務員","titleEn":"Senior flight attendant"},{"titleZh":"客艙主管","titleEn":"Cabin supervisor"},{"titleZh":"客艙服務經理／訓練導師","titleEn":"Cabin services manager / instructor"}]},{"slug":"licensed-hawker","titleZh":"持牌小販","titleEn":"Licensed Hawker","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","ledeZh":"持牌小販憑食環署發出嘅小販牌照擺檔；牌照類別（固定攤位、流動小販）同擺賣地點、時間、貨品都有規定，唔可以無牌擺賣。","ledeEn":"Licensed hawkers trade under a hawker licence issued by the FEHD; the licence category, location, hours and goods are all specified, and unlicensed hawking is not permitted.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"開檔前要入貨、清洗同處理食材（如適用），開檔後長時間企街招呼客人；收檔要清潔同處理剩貨。生意受天氣、位置同人流影響，所以要因應季節同周邊活動調整貨品。","bodyEn":"Before opening you buy stock and, where food is involved, wash and prepare it, then stand and serve customers for long hours; closing means cleaning and dealing with leftovers. Trade depends on weather, location and footfall, so the line-up changes with seasons and nearby events."},{"titleZh":"牌照與規管","titleEn":"Licensing and regulation","bodyZh":"須持食環署發出嘅小販牌照，並遵守牌照條件：指定地點、時間同貨品類別，牌照不得轉讓或擅自擴張擺賣範圍；售賣食物要符合食物衞生規定，並按需要領取相關許可。實際政策同牌照安排以食環署公布為準。","bodyEn":"A hawker licence from the FEHD is required, with conditions on location, hours and goods; licences cannot be transferred and stalls cannot be expanded without approval. Selling food must meet hygiene requirements and any related permits. Current policy and licence arrangements follow the department's announcements."},{"titleZh":"收入與前景","titleEn":"Income and prospects","bodyZh":"小販冇固定薪級，收入係貨品成本同售價之差，扣牌照費、租金（如固定攤位）同雜費，隨人流同天氣大幅波動，所以本站唔列收入數字。發展方向係由流動小販轉做固定攤位，或者累積客源後入舖經營（需要另行申請食物業牌照或零售相關牌照）。","bodyEn":"Hawkers have no pay scale: income is the margin between cost and selling price after licence fees, pitch rent where applicable and other expenses, and it swings with footfall and weather, so this site prints no figures. The path runs from itinerant hawking to a fixed pitch, or, once a customer base is built, into a shop, which requires separate food business or retail licensing."}],"sourceIds":["fehdGovHK","fehdFacts","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括備貨同運送、按指定位置同時間開檔收檔、招呼客人同收錢、保持攤位及周邊清潔；售賣食物嘅要遵守食物衞生規定。落雨、炎熱同颱風前後都會影響生意，貨尾同存放安排要自己處理。\n\n制度方面：小販活動受《小販規例》同相關法例規管，牌照由食物環境衞生署發出，並按類別限制擺賣貨品、地點同時間；持牌人要遵守牌照條件（例如不得轉讓、不得擅自擴張範圍），違規會被檢控。近年政府唔再簽發新嘅流動小販牌照，實際安排以食環署公布為準。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes buying and transporting stock, setting up and closing down at the designated place and time, serving customers and taking payment, and keeping the stall and its surroundings clean; food sold must meet hygiene requirements. Rain, heat and typhoons affect trade, and unsold stock and storage are the hawker's own problem.\n\nOn regulation, hawking is governed by the Hawker Regulations and related law, with licences issued by the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department restricting goods, location and hours by category; licence conditions such as no transfer and no unauthorised expansion must be observed, and breaches are prosecuted. In recent years no new itinerant hawker licences have been issued, so details follow the department's announcements.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級，屬自僱。收入按營業額扣除貨源、牌照費及攤檔成本計算；本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale; hawking is self-employed. Income is turnover less stock, licence fees and stall costs; this site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["須持食環署發出的小販牌照（按類別）","遵守牌照條件：指定地點、時間及貨品類別","售賣食物須符合食物衞生規定","牌照不得轉讓或擅自擴張擺賣範圍"],"entryEn":["Hold a hawker licence from the FEHD by category","Observe licence conditions on location, hours and goods","Food sold must meet hygiene requirements","Licences cannot be transferred and stalls cannot be expanded without approval"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"牌照申請 → 開檔 → 轉固定攤位或入舖","titleEn":"Licence → start trading → fixed pitch or shop","stepsZh":["了解食環署現行小販牌照政策及申請安排","按牌照類別選定擺賣地點、時間及貨品","開檔後累積客源，保持攤位衛生及整潔","長遠轉做固定攤位或入舖經營"],"stepsEn":["Check the department's current hawker licensing policy and applications","Choose location, hours and goods in line with the licence category","Build a customer base while keeping the stall clean and hygienic","Move to a fixed pitch or into a shop in the longer term"],"sourceIds":["fehdGovHK","fehdFacts"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"持牌小販（流動）","titleEn":"Licensed hawker (itinerant)"},{"titleZh":"固定攤位持牌人","titleEn":"Fixed pitch licensee"},{"titleZh":"入舖經營（零售）","titleEn":"Shop operation (retail)"},{"titleZh":"店舖負責人／餐飲牌照申請人","titleEn":"Shop owner / food business licensee"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"持牌小販（流動）","titleEn":"Licensed hawker (itinerant)"},{"titleZh":"固定攤位持牌人","titleEn":"Fixed pitch licensee"},{"titleZh":"入舖經營（零售）","titleEn":"Shop operation (retail)"},{"titleZh":"店舖負責人／餐飲牌照申請人","titleEn":"Shop owner / food business licensee"}]},{"slug":"library-assistant","titleZh":"圖書館助理","titleEn":"Library Assistant","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","ledeZh":"圖書館助理喺公共、學校或機構圖書館處理借還、書架管理同讀者服務；公共圖書館職位多屬政府或合約職位，須輪班。","ledeEn":"Library assistants handle lending, shelving and reader services in public, school or institutional libraries; public library posts are mostly government or contract roles and involve shifts.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"圖書館運作有固定流程：開館前整理書架同登記還書，開館後處理借還、讀者查詢同預約，閉館前做統計；亦要按館藏政策處理損壞、逾期同註銷，並支援講故事、書展等活動。","bodyEn":"The library runs to a routine: tidying shelves and processing returns before opening, then lending, enquiries and reservations through the day, with statistics at close; damaged, overdue and withdrawn items are handled under collection policy, and staff support activities such as story sessions and book displays."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"以僱主招聘公告為準：一般要求中學或以上程度、良好中英文同基本電腦操作，具圖書館學或資訊管理相關資歷或經驗者優先；公共圖書館職位須輪班（包括晚間同週末），部分職位要接受體力工作（搬書同整理書架）。","bodyEn":"As advertised: secondary education or above, good Chinese and English and basic computer skills, with library or information management study or experience preferred; public library posts are rostered including evenings and weekends, and some involve physical work moving and shelving books."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬按僱主嘅薪酬架構或合約條件決定，公共圖書館非公務員合約職位同外判合約各有條款，所以本站唔列金額。路線：圖書館助理 → 助理主管 → 館藏或讀者服務專責崗位 → 圖書館主任（進修圖書館及資訊管理學位後）。","bodyEn":"Pay follows the employer's structure or contract terms, with non-civil-service contract posts and outsourced contracts carrying different conditions, so this site prints no amounts. The route runs library assistant, assistant supervisor, collection or reader services specialist, then librarian after further study in library and information management."}],"sourceIds":["lcsdGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括櫃檯借還同續借、處理讀者證同罰款、圖書分類同排架、新書加工（貼標籤、包書）、協助館藏盤點同註銷、支援閱讀推廣活動，以及協助讀者使用電腦同電子資源。\n\n入職要求以僱主招聘公告為準（例如康文署公共圖書館嘅非公務員合約職位或外判合約）：一般要求中學或以上程度、良好中英文、基本電腦操作；具備圖書館學或資訊管理文憑及相關經驗者優先。公共圖書館職位須輪班，包括晚間同週末。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes lending and renewing at the counter, issuing reader cards and handling fines, classifying and shelving stock, processing new books with labels and covers, helping with stocktaking and withdrawals, supporting reading promotion activities and helping readers use computers and electronic resources.\n\nEntry follows the employer's notices, such as non-civil-service contract posts or outsourced contracts at LCSD public libraries: secondary education or above, good Chinese and English and basic computer skills are usual, with a library or information management diploma and relevant experience preferred. Public library posts involve shifts including evenings and weekends.","payBasisZh":"政府編制職位按公務員薪級／政府合約條款；其他圖書館由僱主自訂聘用條件。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"Government posts follow civil service scales or contract terms; other libraries set their own terms. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中學或以上程度，良好中英文及基本電腦操作","具圖書館學／資訊管理文憑或相關經驗者優先","公共圖書館職位須輪班，包括晚間及週末","部分職位須通過招聘面試及技能測試"],"entryEn":["Secondary education or above with good Chinese and English and basic computer skills","A library or information management diploma or relevant experience preferred","Public library posts involve shifts including evenings and weekends","Some posts require an interview and skills test"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"應徵圖書館職位 → 在職訓練 → 專責崗位","titleEn":"Apply for a library post → on-the-job training → specialist duties","stepsZh":["向公共圖書館、學校或機構圖書館應徵","學習分類、排架、借還系統及讀者服務","負責指定館藏範圍或推廣活動","進修圖書館及資訊管理課程，爭取主任職位"],"stepsEn":["Apply to a public, school or institutional library","Learn classification, shelving, the lending system and reader services","Take charge of a collection area or promotion activity","Study library and information management to aim for librarian posts"],"sourceIds":["lcsdGovHK","edbLifePlanning"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"圖書館助理","titleEn":"Library assistant"},{"titleZh":"圖書館助理主管","titleEn":"Assistant library supervisor"},{"titleZh":"館藏／讀者服務專責崗位","titleEn":"Collection or reader services specialist"},{"titleZh":"圖書館主任（進修後）","titleEn":"Librarian (after further study)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"圖書館助理","titleEn":"Library assistant"},{"titleZh":"圖書館助理主管","titleEn":"Assistant library supervisor"},{"titleZh":"館藏／讀者服務專責崗位","titleEn":"Collection or reader services specialist"},{"titleZh":"圖書館主任（進修後）","titleEn":"Librarian (after further study)"}]},{"slug":"pharmaceutical-sales","titleZh":"藥劑銷售代表","titleEn":"Pharmaceutical Sales Representative","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"藥劑銷售代表向醫生、藥房同醫院介紹藥品同跟進供應；工作涉及《藥劑業及毒藥條例》下嘅推廣限制，唔可以代替醫生做醫療建議。","ledeEn":"Pharmaceutical sales representatives present medicines to doctors, pharmacies and hospitals and follow up supply; the work is subject to promotion restrictions under the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance and cannot replace medical advice.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"工作以行程為主：每日按計劃拜訪診所、醫院或藥房，講解產品資料同處理查詢，之後寫報告同跟進訂單；亦要支援展覽、醫學會議同培訓活動，工作量同推廣周期掛鈎。","bodyEn":"The job runs on a schedule: visiting clinics, hospitals or pharmacies as planned, presenting product information, handling enquiries, then writing reports and following up orders. You also support exhibitions, medical conferences and training events, with workload tied to promotion cycles."},{"titleZh":"入行與規管","titleEn":"Entry and regulation","bodyZh":"一般要求大專或大學程度，科學、藥劑、生物醫學等背景較有利；入職後由僱主提供產品同合規訓練。推廣處方藥要遵守《藥劑業及毒藥條例》及相關守則，唔可以向公眾宣傳處方藥或作醫療建議。","bodyEn":"A sub-degree or degree is usual, with science, pharmacy or biomedical backgrounds an advantage, and employers provide product and compliance training. Promoting prescription medicines must follow the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance and related codes, and representatives may not advertise prescription medicines to the public or give medical advice."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬多數係底薪加銷售獎金或目標獎金，冇法定薪級；車費、應酬同佣金安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：銷售代表 → 高級代表 → 產品專員／產品經理 → 市場或業務總監，亦可轉做醫學事務或法規事務。","bodyEn":"Pay is usually a base salary plus sales or target bonus with no statutory scale; travel, entertainment and commission arrangements vary by company, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs representative, senior representative, product specialist or product manager, then marketing or commercial director, with moves into medical or regulatory affairs."}],"sourceIds":["ppbGovHK","haGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括安排同醫生或藥房會面、介紹產品嘅適應症同臨床資料、跟進訂單同庫存、協助安排學術講座同展覽，亦要記錄拜訪同市場反應。\n\n規管方面：處方藥物嘅推廣受《藥劑業及毒藥條例》同相關守則限制，代表唔可以向公眾宣傳處方藥或提供醫療建議；僱主一般會提供產品知識同合規訓練，實際守則要求以藥劑業及毒藥管理局同相關專業守則為準。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes arranging meetings with doctors or pharmacies, presenting a product's indications and clinical information, following up orders and stock, helping arrange scientific meetings and exhibitions, and recording visits and market feedback.\n\nOn regulation, promotion of prescription medicines is restricted by the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance and related codes: representatives may not advertise prescription medicines to the public or give medical advice. Employers normally provide product and compliance training, with the detailed requirements as published by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board and in professional codes.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級，多為「底薪＋銷售獎金」，公式及目標由藥廠或代理公司設定；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale; usually a base rate plus a sales bonus with the formula and targets set by the company. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["一般要求大專或大學程度（科學、藥劑、生物醫學等背景較有利）","由僱主提供產品知識及推廣合規訓練","推廣處方藥物須遵守《藥劑業及毒藥條例》及相關守則","不可向公眾作醫療建議或宣傳處方藥"],"entryEn":["Sub-degree or degree level, with science, pharmacy or biomedical backgrounds an advantage","Employer-provided product knowledge and compliance training","Promotion of prescription medicines must follow the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance and related codes","Medical advice to the public and public advertising of prescription medicines are not permitted"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"應徵代表 → 產品訓練 → 分區負責","titleEn":"Apply as a representative → product training → own a territory","stepsZh":["向藥廠或代理公司應徵銷售代表","完成產品知識及合規訓練","負責指定區域或專科的拜訪同跟進","累積表現後轉做產品管理或市場推廣"],"stepsEn":["Apply to a pharmaceutical company or distributor","Complete product knowledge and compliance training","Cover visits and follow-up in a territory or specialty","Move into product management or marketing with a track record"],"sourceIds":["ppbGovHK","haGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"藥劑銷售代表","titleEn":"Pharmaceutical sales representative"},{"titleZh":"高級代表","titleEn":"Senior representative"},{"titleZh":"產品專員／產品經理","titleEn":"Product specialist / product manager"},{"titleZh":"市場或業務總監","titleEn":"Marketing or commercial director"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"藥劑銷售代表","titleEn":"Pharmaceutical sales representative"},{"titleZh":"高級代表","titleEn":"Senior representative"},{"titleZh":"產品專員／產品經理","titleEn":"Product specialist / product manager"},{"titleZh":"市場或業務總監","titleEn":"Marketing or commercial director"}]},{"slug":"electrician","titleZh":"電器維修技師","titleEn":"Electrical Technician","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"電器維修技師負責檢查同修理家用及商用電器，唔一定涉及固定電力裝置；但一旦要改動插座、線路或配電箱，就要由註冊電業工程人員做。","ledeEn":"An electrical appliance repair technician inspects and repairs household and commercial appliances, which does not always touch fixed installations. Any change to socket outlets, circuits or distribution boards must go to a registered electrical worker.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"先問客戶故障情況，再用儀表量度電壓、電流同電阻，判斷係零件、線路定控制板問題；換件後要做運作測試同講解保養。旺季（夏天冷氣、潮濕季節抽濕機）工作密度高，上門服務要按地區路線安排。","bodyEn":"You start by asking the customer what happens, then measure voltage, current and resistance to decide whether the fault is a part, the wiring or a control board; after replacing parts you test the appliance and explain care. Peak seasons, such as air conditioners in summer and dehumidifiers in the damp months, are intense, and on-site visits are routed by district."},{"titleZh":"入行與法定界線","titleEn":"Entry and statutory boundaries","bodyZh":"入行一般要求中三或以上學歷，可讀職業訓練局電機／電子或電器維修課程，或由學徒做起。要獨立處理固定電力裝置，就要按機電工程署規定註冊為電業工程人員；未註冊而做相關工程，從業員同僱主都有法律風險。","bodyEn":"Secondary 3 or above is usual, with a Vocational Training Council electrical, electronic or appliance servicing course, or an apprenticeship. To work independently on fixed installations you must be registered as an electrical worker under the department's rules; carrying out such work without registration puts both the worker and the employer at legal risk."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按日薪或月薪決定，冇法定薪級；外勤津貼、零件佣金同加班補水安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：學徒／維修助理 → 維修技師 → 高級技師或主管 → 服務中心經理，亦可轉做註冊電業工程人員或自僱。","bodyEn":"The employer sets day rates or monthly pay with no statutory scale; call-out allowances, parts commission and overtime arrangements vary by company, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs apprentice or repair assistant, technician, senior technician or supervisor, then service centre manager, with moves into registered electrical work or self-employment."}],"sourceIds":["emsdGovHK","vtcEducation","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括診斷洗衣機、雪櫃、冷氣機、抽濕機等故障，換零件、檢查電路板同摩打，做保養同安全測試，可能上門服務或喺維修中心處理寄修。\n\n最重要係認清界線：換電器零件通常唔屬「固定電力裝置工程」，但如果涉及插座、固定線路或者配電箱改動，就屬《電力條例》下要由註冊電業工程人員或承辦商處理嘅工程。入行多由學徒或維修助理做起，讀職業訓練局電機／電子課程，逐步考取註冊資格。","bodyEn":"The work covers diagnosing faults in washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners and dehumidifiers, replacing parts, checking circuit boards and motors, servicing and safety testing, either on site or at a repair centre for drop-in units.\n\nThe key is the boundary: swapping appliance parts is usually not fixed installation work, but anything touching socket outlets, fixed wiring or a distribution board falls under the Electricity Ordinance and must be handled by a registered electrical worker or contractor. Most people start as apprentices or repair assistants, study a Vocational Training Council electrical or electronic course and work towards registration.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。受僱者由僱主按註冊級別、工程類型及合約自訂；自僱技師按件或按項目報價。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employers set employed workers' pay by registration grade, type of work and contract; self-employed technicians quote per job or project. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中三或以上學歷，可讀 VTC 電機／電子或電器維修課程","涉及固定電力裝置的工程，須由註冊電業工程人員進行","熟悉安全測試及電器保養程序","部分工種或僱主要求持有平安卡等安全訓練證明"],"entryEn":["Secondary 3 or above, with a VTC electrical, electronic or appliance servicing course","Work on fixed installations must be carried out by a registered electrical worker","Safety testing and appliance servicing procedures are part of the job","Some employers or sites also require safety training such as the construction safety card"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"維修助理 → 技師 → 註冊","titleEn":"Repair assistant → technician → registration","stepsZh":["讀職業訓練局電機或電子課程","由維修助理做起，學診斷同換件","累積經驗後獨立處理保養及維修單","按需要報考註冊電業工程人員資格"],"stepsEn":["Take a VTC electrical or electronic course","Start as a repair assistant learning diagnosis and part replacement","Handle servicing and repair jobs independently with experience","Apply for electrical worker registration where needed"],"sourceIds":["emsdGovHK","vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／維修助理","titleEn":"Apprentice / repair assistant"},{"titleZh":"維修技師","titleEn":"Appliance technician"},{"titleZh":"高級技師／主管","titleEn":"Senior technician / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"服務中心經理／自僱","titleEn":"Service centre manager / self-employed"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／維修助理","titleEn":"Apprentice / repair assistant"},{"titleZh":"維修技師","titleEn":"Appliance technician"},{"titleZh":"高級技師／主管","titleEn":"Senior technician / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"服務中心經理／自僱","titleEn":"Service centre manager / self-employed"}]},{"slug":"bank-teller","titleZh":"銀行櫃檯員","titleEn":"Bank Teller","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"銀行櫃檯員處理現金、轉帳、票據同客戶查詢；要嚴格遵守銀行內部程序同反洗錢要求，每日收市要對帳。","ledeEn":"Bank tellers handle cash, transfers, cheques and customer enquiries; they follow strict internal procedures and anti-money-laundering rules and balance the till at close of business.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"櫃位工作講求準確同速度：核對簽名同身份、點算現金（機器同人手覆核）、按程序處理大額交易同可疑情況並上報；繁忙時段要排隊分流，同時兼顧銷售轉介目標。","bodyEn":"Counter work demands accuracy and speed: verifying signatures and identity, counting cash by machine and by hand, and following procedures for large transactions and suspicious cases with escalation; at peak times queues must be managed while meeting referral targets."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"一般要求中學或以上程度（部分銀行要求大專程度）、良好中英文同基本電腦操作；入職後接受現金處理、反洗錢、KYC 及產品知識訓練，並要通過內部考核同背景審查。","bodyEn":"Secondary education or above is usual, with some banks asking for a sub-degree, good Chinese and English and basic computer skills; training covers cash handling, anti-money laundering, KYC and products, with internal assessments and vetting."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由銀行按職級同經驗決定，另有表現獎金同輪班安排，實際結構以銀行公布為準，本站唔估算收入。路線：櫃檯員 → 高級櫃檯員 → 客戶服務主任 → 個人理財顧問或分行主管，亦可轉做營運、合規或後勤支援。","bodyEn":"The bank sets pay by grade and experience, often with performance bonuses and shift arrangements; the structure follows the bank's terms and this site prints no estimate. The route runs teller, senior teller, customer service officer, then personal banking adviser or branch supervisor, with moves into operations, compliance or back office support."}],"sourceIds":["hkmaGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括收付現金、處理存款提款同轉帳、兌換外幣、處理支票同匯款指示、協助客戶開戶同更新資料、轉介銀行產品（例如信用卡同保險）；每日收市要對帳同處理差異。\n\n入職要求：一般要求中學或以上程度（部分銀行要求大專程度），具備基本電腦操作同良好中英文；入職後接受現金處理、反洗錢（AML）同客戶身份識別（KYC）訓練，並會定期考核。部分分行星期六營業，要輪班。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes receiving and paying cash, handling deposits, withdrawals and transfers, exchanging foreign currency, processing cheques and remittance instructions, helping customers open accounts and update details, and referring bank products such as cards and insurance; each day ends with balancing the till and resolving discrepancies.\n\nEntry usually needs secondary education or above, with some banks asking for a sub-degree, plus basic computer skills and good Chinese and English. Training covers cash handling, anti-money laundering and know-your-customer requirements, with periodic assessments, and some branches open on Saturday, so shifts apply.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由銀行按職級、分行業務及銷售指標自訂，花紅計法由銀行決定；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Banks set pay by grade, branch business and sales targets, with the bonus formula set by the bank; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中學或以上程度（部分銀行要求大專程度）","良好中英文及基本電腦操作","入職後接受現金處理、反洗錢及 KYC 訓練","能接受輪班及星期六分行營業安排"],"entryEn":["Secondary education or above, with some banks asking for a sub-degree","Good Chinese and English and basic computer skills","Training in cash handling, anti-money laundering and KYC","Available for shifts and Saturday branch opening"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"分行應徵 → 培訓 → 櫃位當值","titleEn":"Apply to a branch → training → counter duty","stepsZh":["向銀行分行或招聘部門應徵櫃檯職位","完成現金處理、AML 及 KYC 培訓","通過內部考核後獨立當櫃","累積經驗後轉做客戶服務或理財崗位"],"stepsEn":["Apply to a bank branch or central recruitment","Complete cash handling, AML and KYC training","Work the counter independently after internal assessment","Move into customer service or wealth roles with experience"],"sourceIds":["hkmaGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"櫃檯員","titleEn":"Bank teller"},{"titleZh":"高級櫃檯員","titleEn":"Senior teller"},{"titleZh":"客戶服務主任","titleEn":"Customer service officer"},{"titleZh":"個人理財顧問／分行主管","titleEn":"Personal banking adviser / branch supervisor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"櫃檯員","titleEn":"Bank teller"},{"titleZh":"高級櫃檯員","titleEn":"Senior teller"},{"titleZh":"客戶服務主任","titleEn":"Customer service officer"},{"titleZh":"個人理財顧問／分行主管","titleEn":"Personal banking adviser / branch supervisor"}]},{"slug":"seafarers","titleZh":"海員","titleEn":"Seafarer","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","ledeZh":"海員喺遠洋或本地船舶工作，分甲板、輪機同管事部門；資歷由海事處按國際公約發證，行內按海上服務年資逐級晉升。","ledeEn":"Seafarers work on ocean-going or local vessels in deck, engine and catering departments; qualifications are issued by the Marine Department under international conventions, and promotion follows sea service.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"船上係輪更制：值班時間做航行、機艙或巡邏工作，非值班時間做保養、清潔同訓練、演習；貨船靠泊時裝卸作業密集，郵輪或客船就要兼顧乘客服務。衞生、消防同應急演習係固定日程一部分。","bodyEn":"Shipboard life runs on watches: on watch you navigate, work in the engine room or patrol, and off watch you carry out maintenance, cleaning, training and drills; cargo ships have intense port calls while cruise or passenger vessels add customer service. Hygiene, fire and emergency drills are part of the routine."},{"titleZh":"資歷與規管","titleEn":"Qualifications and regulation","bodyZh":"須完成海事處認可嘅培訓同海上服務年資，按職級考取適任證書（例如值班船員、大副、船長或輪機職級），並持有效海員證件同體格證明；實際要求以海事處同國際公約規定為準。","bodyEn":"You complete Marine Department-recognised training and sea service and obtain certificates of competency for your rank, such as watchkeeping officer, chief officer, master or engineer grades, along with valid seafarer documents and a medical certificate; requirements follow the department and international conventions."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由船東或船公司按職級、船型同合約期決定，另有海上津貼同完成合約獎金；實際安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：見習或水手 → 高級船員（三副、二副、大副）→ 船長或輪機長，亦可轉做岸上船舶管理、檢驗或租船業務。","bodyEn":"The owner or shipping company sets pay by rank, vessel type and contract length, with sea allowances and contract completion bonuses on terms that vary, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs cadet or able seaman, senior officer such as third, second and chief officer, then master or chief engineer, with moves into shore-based ship management, inspection or chartering."}],"sourceIds":["mdGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"甲板部門做航行值班、瞭望、纜索同甲板保養；輪機部門做機械、電力同泵房維護；管事部門負責膳食同起居。工作一般以合約為單位，可能幾個月至一年，長期離家、輪更，工作環境受天氣影響。\n\n制度方面：海員資歷受海事處監管，須按國際公約完成指定培訓同取得適任證書，並持有有效嘅海員身份文件同體格證明；上船前要符合船東同船旗國要求，亦要完成基本安全訓練等指定課程。","bodyEn":"The deck department covers watchkeeping, lookout, ropes and deck maintenance; the engine department maintains machinery, electrical systems and pumps; the catering department runs food and accommodation. Contracts usually run for months, work is rotational, time away from home is long and conditions depend on the weather.\n\nOn regulation, seafarer qualifications are overseen by the Marine Department, requiring convention-based training and certificates of competency, valid seafarer identity documents and medical certificates. Before joining a ship you must meet the owner's and flag state's requirements and complete courses such as basic safety training.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由船公司按船種、航線、職級及合約期自訂；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Shipping companies set pay by vessel type, route, rank and contract period; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["完成海事處認可的基本安全訓練及專業培訓","累積海上服務年資並按職級考取適任證書","持有有效海員身份文件及體格證明","上船前符合船東及船旗國要求"],"entryEn":["Complete Marine Department-recognised basic safety and professional training","Build sea service and obtain certificates of competency by rank","Hold valid seafarer identity documents and a medical certificate","Meet the owner's and flag state's requirements before joining a ship"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"見習／水手 → 高級船員 → 船長或輪機長","titleEn":"Cadet or seaman → senior officer → master or chief engineer","stepsZh":["完成基本安全訓練，由見習生或水手起步","累積海上服務年資並考取值班船員證書","按年資同考試升任二副、大副","考取船長或輪機長資格，或轉往岸上管理"],"stepsEn":["Complete basic safety training and start as a cadet or seaman","Build sea service and obtain a watchkeeping certificate","Progress to second and chief officer through service and examinations","Qualify as master or chief engineer, or move into shore management"],"sourceIds":["mdGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習／水手","titleEn":"Cadet / seaman"},{"titleZh":"高級船員（三副、二副、大副）","titleEn":"Senior officer (third, second, chief)"},{"titleZh":"船長／輪機長","titleEn":"Master / chief engineer"},{"titleZh":"岸上船舶管理","titleEn":"Shore-based ship management"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習／水手","titleEn":"Cadet / seaman"},{"titleZh":"高級船員（三副、二副、大副）","titleEn":"Senior officer (third, second, chief)"},{"titleZh":"船長／輪機長","titleEn":"Master / chief engineer"},{"titleZh":"岸上船舶管理","titleEn":"Shore-based ship management"}]},{"slug":"bus-captain","titleZh":"巴士車長","titleEn":"Bus Captain","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"巴士車長負責載客路線嘅駕駛同乘客安全；要持有效嘅商用車輛駕駛執照並通過營運商培訓，工作要輪班同長時間專注。","ledeEn":"Bus captains drive passenger routes and are responsible for passenger safety; they need a valid commercial vehicle driving licence and operator training, and the job means shifts and long periods of concentration.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"一日通常行幾轉同一路線，要準時開車、安全埋站同留意乘客動態；遇有乘客爭執、身體不適或道路事故要按程序通知控制中心同報警，並填寫報告。更表多數包括早更、夜更同輪休。","bodyEn":"A day usually means several trips on the same route, departing on time, pulling in safely and watching passengers; incidents such as disputes, illness or road accidents must be reported to the control centre and police to procedure, with written reports. Rosters normally include early, night and rotating rest days."},{"titleZh":"入行與牌照","titleEn":"Entry and licensing","bodyZh":"須持有效嘅公共巴士或相關商用車輛駕駛執照，並通過體檢、駕駛考核同背景審查；部分營運商提供「先受訓、後考牌」計劃，報名前要問清楚受訓期間薪酬同考牌安排。","bodyEn":"A valid public bus or related commercial vehicle licence is required, along with a medical check, driving assessment and vetting; some operators run train-then-qualify schemes, so ask about pay during training and how licensing is arranged before applying."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由營運商按更制、路線同服務年期決定，冇法定薪級；夜更、颱風同超時安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：車長 → 資深車長或駕駛導師 → 站長／調度員 → 車務主管。","bodyEn":"The operator sets pay according to roster, route and length of service with no statutory scale; night, typhoon and overtime arrangements vary, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs bus captain, senior captain or driving instructor, then station master or dispatcher, then operations supervisor."}],"sourceIds":["tdlGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括出車前檢查車輛（輪胎、燈號、車門、緊急設備）、按路線同時間表載客、處理乘客上落同票務、報告故障同事故、收車後清潔同交更，亦要應對路面擠塞、天氣同乘客事故。\n\n入職要求：須持有效嘅公共巴士或相關商用車輛駕駛執照（按營運商要求，部分公司提供考牌計劃培訓新人），通過體檢、駕駛考核同背景審查；專營巴士、非專營巴士同小巴嘅要求唔同，實際條件以營運商招聘公告為準。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes checking the bus before departure, covering tyres, lights, doors and emergency equipment, carrying passengers on route and to timetable, handling boarding, alighting and fares, reporting faults and incidents, cleaning up at the end of a shift and handing over, all while dealing with congestion, weather and passenger incidents.\n\nEntry requires a valid public bus or related commercial vehicle driving licence, depending on the operator, with some companies running licensing schemes for new drivers, plus a medical check, driving assessment and vetting. Franchised bus, non-franchised bus and minibus requirements differ, so actual conditions follow the operator's recruitment notices.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由巴士公司按路線、更制及獎金政策自訂；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Bus companies set pay by route, roster and bonus policy; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["持有效公共巴士或相關商用車輛駕駛執照（按營運商要求）","通過體檢、駕駛考核及背景審查","部分營運商提供考牌計劃，先受訓後取牌","能接受輪班、夜更及長時間專注駕駛"],"entryEn":["Valid public bus or related commercial vehicle driving licence, as the operator requires","Pass the medical check, driving assessment and vetting","Some operators run a train-then-qualify licensing scheme","Able to work shifts, night duty and long periods of concentrated driving"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"考牌 → 營運商培訓 → 獨立行車","titleEn":"Licensing → operator training → solo driving","stepsZh":["取得相關商用車輛駕駛執照","應徵營運商並通過體檢及駕駛考核","接受路線、安全及票務訓練","通過跟車評估後獨立駕駛"],"stepsEn":["Obtain the relevant commercial driving licence","Apply to an operator and pass the medical and driving assessment","Train on routes, safety and fares","Drive solo after passing assessment"],"sourceIds":["tdlGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"巴士車長","titleEn":"Bus captain"},{"titleZh":"資深車長／駕駛導師","titleEn":"Senior captain / driving instructor"},{"titleZh":"站長／調度員","titleEn":"Station master / dispatcher"},{"titleZh":"車務主管","titleEn":"Operations supervisor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"巴士車長","titleEn":"Bus captain"},{"titleZh":"資深車長／駕駛導師","titleEn":"Senior captain / driving instructor"},{"titleZh":"站長／調度員","titleEn":"Station master / dispatcher"},{"titleZh":"車務主管","titleEn":"Operations supervisor"}]},{"slug":"postman","titleZh":"郵差","titleEn":"Postman","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"郵差負責派遞信件、小包同包裹，處理掛號同簽收郵件；入職要通過體能測驗，實際條件以郵政署招聘公告為準。","ledeEn":"Postmen deliver letters, small packets and parcels and handle registered and signed-for mail; entry requires a fitness test, with actual conditions as advertised by Hongkong Post.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"出班前先分信同整理路線，出班後按樓宇同街道派遞；遇上無人收件或地址有疑問要記錄同交回局方跟進，天雨、炎熱同颱風前後都要完成派遞。","bodyEn":"Before going out you sort the mail and prepare the route, then deliver building by building and street by street; items that cannot be delivered or have unclear addresses are recorded and returned for follow-up, and rounds still have to be completed in rain, heat and around typhoons."},{"titleZh":"入職要求","titleEn":"Entry requirements","bodyZh":"以郵政署招聘公告為準：中學程度、通過體能測驗、具備基本中英文讀寫能力，2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位另須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試；入職後接受派遞程序同安全訓練。","bodyEn":"As advertised by Hongkong Post: secondary education, a fitness test and basic Chinese and English literacy, plus a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test for civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022, with delivery procedure and safety training after joining."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬按公務員薪級支薪，入職薪點見招聘公告，另有津貼，實際金額以政府公布為準，本站唔列數字。路線：郵差 → 高級郵差或郵務員 → 郵務主任 → 高級郵務主任，亦可投考其他政府職系或轉做物流派送。","bodyEn":"Pay follows the civil service pay scale with the entry point in the recruitment notice plus allowances; actual figures are as published and this site prints none. The route runs postman, senior postman or postal officer, then postal supervisor and senior postal supervisor, with options to apply for other government grades or move into logistics delivery."}],"sourceIds":["hkpostGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括按路線派遞郵件、處理掛號同簽收、記錄派遞結果、用手推車或電單車運送郵袋；部分崗位喺分揀中心分信同編排路線，旺季（例如聖誕）工作量特別大。\n\n入職要求以郵政署公布嘅招聘廣告為準：一般要求中學程度、通過涉及搬運郵袋嘅體能測驗、具備基本中英文讀寫能力；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。工作要戶外走動、長時間站立同按路線獨立處理。","bodyEn":"Daily work covers delivering mail on a route, handling registered and signed-for items, recording delivery results and moving mail bags by trolley or motorcycle, with some posts sorting and sequencing at a sorting centre. Peak seasons such as Christmas bring much heavier volumes.\n\nEntry follows Hongkong Post's recruitment advertisements: secondary education, a fitness test covering bag handling and basic Chinese and English literacy, with a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test for civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022. The job involves walking outdoors, standing for long periods and working a route independently.","payBasisZh":"郵政署職系：編制職位按公務員薪級，合約職位按政府合約條款，另設戶外及逾時工作津貼；本站不列金額。","payBasisEn":"A Post Office grade: civil service scale for established posts and government contract terms for contract posts, with outdoor and overtime allowances. This site prints no amounts.","entryZh":["中學程度（以郵政署招聘公告為準）","通過涉及搬運的入職體能測驗","具備基本中英文讀寫能力","2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登的公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試"],"entryEn":["Secondary education, as advertised by Hongkong Post","Pass the entry fitness test covering lifting and carrying","Basic Chinese and English literacy","Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for posts advertised from 1 July 2022"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"應徵 → 派遞訓練 → 出班","titleEn":"Apply → delivery training → round work","stepsZh":["留意郵政署招聘公告並遞交申請","通過體能測驗及面試","受訓學習分信、路線編排及派遞程序","正式負責指定區域的派遞路線"],"stepsEn":["Watch Hongkong Post's recruitment notices and apply","Pass the fitness test and interview","Train in sorting, route sequencing and delivery procedures","Take charge of a delivery route in an assigned district"],"sourceIds":["hkpostGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"郵差","titleEn":"Postman"},{"titleZh":"高級郵差／郵務員","titleEn":"Senior postman / postal officer"},{"titleZh":"郵務主任","titleEn":"Postal supervisor"},{"titleZh":"高級郵務主任","titleEn":"Senior postal supervisor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"郵差","titleEn":"Postman"},{"titleZh":"高級郵差／郵務員","titleEn":"Senior postman / postal officer"},{"titleZh":"郵務主任","titleEn":"Postal supervisor"},{"titleZh":"高級郵務主任","titleEn":"Senior postal supervisor"}]},{"slug":"dentist","titleZh":"牙醫","titleEn":"Dentist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"喺香港做牙醫要註冊：註冊由牙醫管理委員會負責，未註冊唔可以執業；本地培訓以外，非本地資格另有評核安排。","ledeEn":"Dentists must be registered in Hong Kong: registration is handled by the Dental Council of Hong Kong and you may only practise once registered, with separate assessment arrangements for non-local qualifications.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"Scope of practice","bodyZh":"診所日常係接診、照 X 光、講解治療方案同收費、做治療同跟進；公立牙科服務就集中在學童牙科保健、緊急止痛同特殊需要病人。牙醫亦要控制感染、管理器材同記錄病歷，並判斷邊啲個案要轉介專科。","bodyEn":"Clinic routine covers seeing patients, taking radiographs, explaining treatment options and fees, carrying out treatment and follow-up; public dental services focus on school dental care, emergency pain relief and patients with special needs. Dentists also control infection, manage instruments and records, and decide which cases need specialist referral."},{"titleZh":"註冊要求","titleEn":"Registration requirements","bodyZh":"本地路徑係完成認可牙醫學位（連臨床實習）再向牙醫管理委員會註冊；非本地資格要符合委員會嘅評核、考試或有限度註冊安排。取得註冊後，執業仍受守則、持續專業發展同紀律機制約束，詳情以委員會公布為準。","bodyEn":"The local route is a recognised dental degree with clinical training followed by registration with the Dental Council; non-local qualifications follow the Council's assessment, examination or limited registration arrangements. After registration, practice remains subject to the code, continuing professional development and the disciplinary framework, as the Council publishes."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬視乎執業模式：公營牙科服務按政府或醫管局公布嘅安排支薪；私家診所受僱牙醫多數有底薪加佣金或分成；自僱開診所就扣除租金、器材同助理成本，本站唔估算收入。路線：註冊牙醫 → 專科培訓（例如修復齒科、口腔頜面外科）→ 專科牙醫或自設診所。","bodyEn":"Pay depends on the practice model: public dental services pay on published government or Hospital Authority arrangements; salaried dentists in private clinics usually have a base plus commission or a share; those running their own clinic deduct rent, equipment and staff costs, and this site prints no estimate. The route runs registered dentist, specialist training in areas such as prosthodontics or oral and maxillofacial surgery, then specialist or clinic owner."}],"sourceIds":["dchkOrgHK","haGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"牙醫嘅工作範圍包括檢查同診斷、洗牙、補牙、根管治療、脫牙、假牙同矯正等；部分程序（例如口腔手術、鎮靜麻醉）需要額外訓練或轉介專科。\n\n法定架構方面：《牙醫註冊條例》下由牙醫管理委員會處理註冊、專業操守同紀律事宜；本地路徑通常係完成認可牙醫學位同實習要求，非本地畢業生要經委員會嘅評核或考試安排。註冊後仍要維持執業資格，例如完成持續專業發展同遵守專業守則。","bodyEn":"The scope of practice includes examination and diagnosis, scaling, fillings, root canal treatment, extractions, dentures and orthodontics; some procedures, such as oral surgery or sedation, require further training or referral to a specialist.\n\nThe statutory framework sits under the Dentists Registration Ordinance, with the Dental Council handling registration, professional conduct and discipline; the local route is a recognised dental degree plus the required internship, while non-local graduates go through the Council's assessment or examination arrangements. After registration, dentists must maintain their practising status, for example through continuing professional development, and observe the professional code.","payBasisZh":"公營機構按政府薪級表或機構薪酬架構；私家診所及醫療集團由僱主自訂，多為底薪加分成；自設診所自負成本。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"Public bodies follow government scales or institutional structures; private clinics and groups set their own terms, usually a base rate plus a fee share, while practice owners bear their own costs. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["完成認可牙醫學位課程及臨床實習要求","向牙醫管理委員會註冊後方可執業","非本地資格須符合委員會的評核、考試或有限度註冊安排","持續專業發展及遵守專業守則"],"entryEn":["Complete a recognised dental degree and the clinical training requirements","Register with the Dental Council before practising","Non-local qualifications must meet the Council's assessment, examination or limited registration arrangements","Continuing professional development and the professional code apply"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"牙醫學位 → 實習 → 註冊","titleEn":"Dental degree → internship → registration","stepsZh":["完成認可牙醫學位課程","完成所需臨床訓練或實習","向牙醫管理委員會申請註冊","按興趣接受專科培訓或轉往私家執業"],"stepsEn":["Complete a recognised dental degree","Complete the required clinical training or internship","Apply for registration with the Dental Council","Take specialist training or move into private practice"],"sourceIds":["dchkOrgHK"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"牙科畢業生／實習","titleEn":"Dental graduate / intern"},{"titleZh":"註冊牙醫","titleEn":"Registered dentist"},{"titleZh":"專科培訓","titleEn":"Specialist training"},{"titleZh":"專科牙醫／診所負責人","titleEn":"Specialist / clinic principal"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"牙科畢業生／實習","titleEn":"Dental graduate / intern"},{"titleZh":"註冊牙醫","titleEn":"Registered dentist"},{"titleZh":"專科培訓","titleEn":"Specialist training"},{"titleZh":"專科牙醫／診所負責人","titleEn":"Specialist / clinic principal"}]},{"slug":"mtr-driver","titleZh":"港鐵司機","titleEn":"MTR Driver","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"港鐵列車車長負責列車安全運行；入職要通過營運商嘅遴選、體檢同專業訓練，並取得操作資格先可以獨立駕駛。","ledeEn":"MTR train captains operate trains safely; entry involves the operator's selection, a medical check and professional training, with operating qualifications required before driving solo.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"開車前要做功能測試，行車期間要留意信號、月台情況同車廂乘客，埋站要對準月台幕門；交更同事故後要寫紀錄。長時間專注同跟足程序係呢份工嘅核心要求。","bodyEn":"Before service you run functional checks; while driving you watch signals, platform conditions and passengers, and stop accurately at platform screen doors; after handovers or incidents you write records. Sustained concentration and strict procedure are the core of the job."},{"titleZh":"入行與訓練","titleEn":"Entry and training","bodyZh":"以港鐵公司招聘公告為準：中學程度、體檢合格（視力同聽覺）、通過筆試同面試，入職後接受數月訓練同跟車實習，通過考核先可以獨立執勤；入職後仍要定期複訓同考核。","bodyEn":"As advertised by the company: secondary education, a medical check covering vision and hearing, written tests and interviews, then months of training and supervised driving, with assessment before solo duty and periodic refresher training afterwards."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由港鐵公司公布嘅薪酬架構決定，另有輪班同夜班津貼，實際安排以公司公布為準，本站唔估算收入。路線：列車車長 → 高級車長 → 駕駛導師 → 運作主管，亦可轉往車務控制或工程部門。","bodyEn":"Pay follows the company's published structure plus shift and night allowances, with details as published by the operator and no estimate printed here. The route runs train captain, senior captain, driving instructor, then operations supervisor, with moves into traffic control or engineering."}],"sourceIds":["mtrCorpHK","tdlGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括出車前檢查列車、按信號同時刻表駕駛、處理車門同乘客事故、做車廂廣播同與控制中心通訊、遇有事故按程序處理同協助乘客疏散；部分路線要輪班同通宵工作。\n\n入職要求以港鐵公司招聘公告為準：一般要求中學程度、通過體檢（包括視力同聽覺）、筆試同面試，入職後接受為期數月嘅訓練同跟車實習並通過考核先可以獨立駕駛。工作要嚴格遵守鐵路安全規則同標準程序。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes checking the train before service, driving to signals and timetable, dealing with door and passenger incidents, making announcements, communicating with the control centre, and following procedures and helping passengers evacuate if there is an incident; some routes involve shifts and overnight work.\n\nEntry follows MTR's recruitment notices: secondary education is usual, with a medical check covering vision and hearing, written tests and interviews, followed by several months of training and supervised driving before assessment for solo operation. Railway safety rules and standard procedures are strictly enforced.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由港鐵公司按職級、更制及津貼組合決定，另設員工乘車優惠及公積金；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. The MTR Corporation sets pay by grade, roster and allowances, with staff travel concessions and a provident fund. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中學程度（以港鐵公司招聘公告為準）","通過體檢（包括視力及聽覺）及遴選筆試、面試","入職後完成數月專業訓練及跟車實習並通過考核","能接受輪班、通宵及高度依從程序的工作模式"],"entryEn":["Secondary education, as advertised by the operator","Pass the medical check covering vision and hearing, written tests and interviews","Complete months of training and supervised driving, then pass assessment","Able to work shifts and overnight and to follow procedures closely"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"應徵 → 專業訓練 → 跟車實習 → 考核","titleEn":"Apply → training → supervised driving → assessment","stepsZh":["留意港鐵招聘公告並遞交申請","通過體檢、筆試及面試","接受列車操作、信號及事故處理訓練","跟車實習後通過考核獨立執勤"],"stepsEn":["Watch the operator's recruitment notices and apply","Pass the medical check, written tests and interviews","Train in train operation, signalling and incident handling","Drive solo after supervised practice and assessment"],"sourceIds":["mtrCorpHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"列車車長","titleEn":"Train captain"},{"titleZh":"高級列車車長","titleEn":"Senior train captain"},{"titleZh":"駕駛導師","titleEn":"Driving instructor"},{"titleZh":"運作主管","titleEn":"Operations supervisor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"列車車長","titleEn":"Train captain"},{"titleZh":"高級列車車長","titleEn":"Senior train captain"},{"titleZh":"駕駛導師","titleEn":"Driving instructor"},{"titleZh":"運作主管","titleEn":"Operations supervisor"}]},{"slug":"hotel-housekeeper","titleZh":"酒店房務員","titleEn":"Hotel Housekeeper","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","ledeZh":"酒店房務員負責客房清潔、布草同補充用品；工作講求標準同速度，要輪班同應付退房高峰。","ledeEn":"Hotel housekeepers clean guest rooms and handle linen and supplies; the work demands standards and speed, on shifts and through check-out peaks.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"房務工作有明確標準同時間要求：一間房由入房、開窗、換布草、清潔浴室到擺位都有次序，退房高峰時段要連續做多間房，亦要同前台同工程部通報房間狀況（例如需要維修）。","bodyEn":"Housekeeping runs on clear standards and timing: each room follows a sequence from entry and opening windows through linen changes, bathroom cleaning and setting out amenities, and during check-out peaks several rooms are done back to back, with room status reported to front office and engineering."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"一般冇學歷門檻，重視整潔標準、體力（推車、搬布草）同服務態度；部分酒店要求基本英語或普通話溝通，入職後接受清潔標準、化學品安全同私隱訓練，並要接受輪班及假日工作。","bodyEn":"There is usually no academic threshold, with cleaning standards, stamina for trolleys and linen, and service attitude the priorities; some hotels ask for basic English or Putonghua, and training covers standards, chemical safety and privacy, with shifts and holiday work expected."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由酒店按職級、更制同經驗決定，另有超房獎金或輪班津貼，實際安排以僱主公布為準，本站唔估算收入。路線：房務員 → 資深房務員或樓層組長 → 房務主管 → 房務部經理，亦可轉做公共區域清潔、布草管理或培訓。","bodyEn":"The hotel sets pay by grade, roster and experience, often with extra-room bonuses or shift allowances; details follow the employer and this site prints no estimate. The route runs room attendant, senior attendant or floor team leader, housekeeping supervisor, then housekeeping manager, with moves into public area cleaning, linen management or training."}],"sourceIds":["hktbGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括按清潔標準整理客房（換床單、清潔浴室、吸塵、補充用品）、回應客人用品要求、報告房間損壞或失物、協助推車同布草運送；亦要按酒店標準做日常整理同大掃除。\n\n入職要求：一般冇學歷門檻，僱主重視整潔標準、體力同服務態度；部分酒店要求基本英語或普通話應對客人。入職後接受清潔標準、化學品安全同客人私隱訓練，亦要學識用酒店嘅房務系統申報房間狀況。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes cleaning rooms to standard, changing linen, cleaning bathrooms, vacuuming and restocking, responding to guest requests for supplies, reporting damage or lost property and helping with trolleys and linen runs, alongside daily tidy-ups and periodic deep cleans.\n\nEntry has no academic threshold: employers look for cleaning standards, stamina and service attitude, and some hotels ask for basic English or Putonghua with guests. Training covers cleaning standards, chemical safety and guest privacy, plus using the housekeeping system to update room status.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由酒店按級別、更制及職級自訂，或設服務費分帳；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Hotels set pay by grade, roster and rank, sometimes with a service charge share; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["一般無學歷門檻，重視整潔標準及體力","部分酒店要求基本英語或普通話","入職後接受清潔標準、化學品安全及私隱訓練","能接受輪班及假日工作"],"entryEn":["Usually no academic threshold; cleaning standards and stamina matter most","Some hotels ask for basic English or Putonghua","Training covers cleaning standards, chemical safety and privacy","Available for shifts and holiday work"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"應徵房務 → 標準訓練 → 獨立整理房間","titleEn":"Apply to housekeeping → standards training → clean rooms solo","stepsZh":["向酒店房務部應徵","跟資深房務員學習清潔次序同標準","通過檢查後獨立負責指定樓層房間","累積經驗後帶新人或升任組長"],"stepsEn":["Apply to a hotel housekeeping department","Learn the cleaning sequence and standards alongside experienced staff","Take charge of rooms on an assigned floor after checks","Train newcomers or move up to team leader"],"sourceIds":["hktbGovHK","edbLifePlanning"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"房務員","titleEn":"Room attendant"},{"titleZh":"資深房務員／樓層組長","titleEn":"Senior attendant / floor team leader"},{"titleZh":"房務主管","titleEn":"Housekeeping supervisor"},{"titleZh":"房務部經理","titleEn":"Housekeeping manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"房務員","titleEn":"Room attendant"},{"titleZh":"資深房務員／樓層組長","titleEn":"Senior attendant / floor team leader"},{"titleZh":"房務主管","titleEn":"Housekeeping supervisor"},{"titleZh":"房務部經理","titleEn":"Housekeeping manager"}]},{"slug":"physiotherapist","titleZh":"物理治療師","titleEn":"Physiotherapist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"物理治療師要註冊：香港嘅註冊由物理治療師管理委員會負責，未註冊唔可以執業或者使用該職銜。","ledeEn":"Physiotherapists must register: registration in Hong Kong is handled by the Physiotherapists Board, and practising or using the title without registration is not allowed.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"醫院、診所、社區復康同院舍都有物理治療師：病房做早期活動同呼吸治療，門診做痛症同運動創傷復康，社區就上門或到中心做長者訓練。工作要同醫生、護士、職業治療師同社工協作，亦要寫評估同進度報告。","bodyEn":"Physiotherapists work in hospitals, clinics, community rehabilitation and care homes: wards cover early mobilisation and respiratory care, outpatient clinics handle pain and sports injury rehabilitation, and community work involves home visits or centre-based training for older adults. The job requires collaboration with doctors, nurses, occupational therapists and social workers, plus assessment and progress reports."},{"titleZh":"註冊要求","titleEn":"Registration requirements","bodyZh":"須完成認可物理治療學位課程並符合臨床實習要求，再向物理治療師管理委員會註冊同領取執業證明書；執業證明書有年期，續期要符合委員會要求。非本地資格另有評核安排，以委員會公布為準。","bodyEn":"You must complete a recognised physiotherapy degree and the clinical placement requirements, then register with the Physiotherapists Board and obtain a practising certificate, which runs for a set term and is renewed on the Board's terms. Non-local qualifications follow separate assessment arrangements as the Board publishes."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"公營機構按政府或醫管局公布嘅薪級表支薪；私家醫院、診所同體育機構由僱主自訂，自僱或上門服務就按服務收費扣成本，本站唔估算收入。路線：物理治療師 → 高級物理治療師 → 專科或部門主管 → 臨床專家、教學或私人執業。","bodyEn":"Public sector posts are paid on published government or Hospital Authority pay scales, private hospitals, clinics and sports organisations set their own terms, and self-employed or home-visit work deducts costs from service fees, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs physiotherapist, senior physiotherapist, specialist or department head, then clinical specialist, teaching or private practice."}],"sourceIds":["pchkOrgHK","haGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"工作包括評估病人嘅活動能力同痛症、設計同指導運動治療、用手法治療同物理因子治療，記錄進度同教病人自我管理；服務對象由住院病人、運動員到長者同兒童。\n\n法定架構方面：《輔助醫療業條例》下由物理治療師管理委員會處理註冊同紀律，執業須持有效執業證明書。入行路徑係完成認可物理治療學位並符合臨床實習要求，再向委員會註冊；持續專業發展亦係維持資格嘅要求。","bodyEn":"The work covers assessing patients' mobility and pain, designing and teaching exercise programmes, manual therapy and physical modalities, recording progress and teaching self-management, serving everyone from inpatients and athletes to older adults and children.\n\nThe statutory framework sits under the Supplementary Medical Professions Ordinance, with the Physiotherapists Board handling registration and discipline, and a valid practising certificate required to work. The route is a recognised physiotherapy degree plus the clinical placement requirements, then registration with the Board, and continuing professional development is needed to keep the qualification.","payBasisZh":"公營機構按政府薪級表或機構薪酬架構；私家醫院、診所及運動中心由僱主自訂，多為底薪加分成；自設診所自負成本。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"Public bodies follow government scales or institutional structures; private hospitals, clinics and sports centres set their own, often a base rate plus a treatment share, while practice owners bear their own costs. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["完成認可物理治療學位課程及臨床實習要求","向物理治療師管理委員會註冊並持有效執業證明書","執業證明書須按期續期，並符合持續專業發展要求","非本地資格須符合委員會的評核安排"],"entryEn":["Complete a recognised physiotherapy degree and clinical placement requirements","Register with the Physiotherapists Board and hold a valid practising certificate","Renew the practising certificate on schedule and meet continuing professional development requirements","Non-local qualifications must meet the Board's assessment arrangements"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學位 → 實習 → 註冊","titleEn":"Degree → placements → registration","stepsZh":["完成認可物理治療學位課程","完成指定臨床實習","向物理治療師管理委員會註冊並領取執業證明書","按興趣選專科（例如運動、神經或兒科）發展"],"stepsEn":["Complete a recognised physiotherapy degree","Finish the required clinical placements","Register with the Physiotherapists Board and obtain a practising certificate","Choose a specialty such as sports, neurology or paediatrics"],"sourceIds":["pchkOrgHK"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"物理治療師","titleEn":"Physiotherapist"},{"titleZh":"高級物理治療師","titleEn":"Senior physiotherapist"},{"titleZh":"專科／部門主管","titleEn":"Specialist / department head"},{"titleZh":"臨床專家／私人執業","titleEn":"Clinical specialist / private practice"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"物理治療師","titleEn":"Physiotherapist"},{"titleZh":"高級物理治療師","titleEn":"Senior physiotherapist"},{"titleZh":"專科／部門主管","titleEn":"Specialist / department head"},{"titleZh":"臨床專家／私人執業","titleEn":"Clinical specialist / private practice"}]},{"slug":"minibus-driver","titleZh":"小巴司機","titleEn":"Minibus Driver","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"小巴司機駕駛公共小型巴士載客；綠 van（專線）按指定路線同收費運作，紅 van（非專線）彈性較大，兩者都受運輸署規管。","ledeEn":"Minibus drivers carry passengers on public light buses; green minibuses run fixed routes and fares while red minibuses are more flexible, and both are regulated by the Transport Department.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"一天要行多轉路線：起步、埋站、開門落客同再開車，中間要留意乘客上落同收費；下雨或夜間駕駛視線差，要加倍小心。遇有乘客爭執或事故要按程序求助同報告。","bodyEn":"A day means many trips: moving off, stopping, opening the doors and setting off again, while watching boarding, alighting and fares; rain and night driving reduce visibility and demand extra care. Disputes or incidents must be handled by calling for help and reporting."},{"titleZh":"入行與規管","titleEn":"Entry and regulation","bodyZh":"須持有效嘅公共小型巴士駕駛執照，通過體檢及駕駛紀錄審查；公共小型巴士受運輸署規管，包括車輛數目、客運營業證同專線路線安排。自僱或車主司機要自行負擔車輛維修、油費同保險。","bodyEn":"A valid public light bus licence, a medical check and a driving record review are required; public light buses are regulated by the Transport Department on vehicle numbers, passenger service licences and green minibus route arrangements. Self-employed or owner-drivers carry their own maintenance, fuel and insurance costs."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬按班次、日薪、月薪或「包車」計法決定，冇法定薪級；車主司機收入要扣油費同維修，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：小巴司機 → 資深司機／班次主管 → 車主或營運者，亦可轉做巴士或貨運駕駛。","bodyEn":"Pay is calculated per shift, by day rate, monthly wage or a vehicle-based arrangement with no statutory scale, and owner-drivers deduct fuel and maintenance, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs minibus driver, senior driver or shift supervisor, then owner or operator, with moves into bus or freight driving."}],"sourceIds":["tdlGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括檢查車輛（輪胎、燈號、車門、滅火器）、按路線或按乘客需要載客、收費同找續、報告故障同事故；小巴車廂空間細、上落頻繁，駕駛要特別留意乘客安全同路面情況。\n\n制度方面：公共小型巴士有車輛數目上限同客運營業證制度，專線小巴按指定路線、班次同收費運作；司機要考取相關駕駛執照並符合運輸署要求。受僱、租車同車主司機嘅條件唔同，實際安排以僱主或營運者為準。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes checking the vehicle, covering tyres, lights, doors and fire extinguishers, carrying passengers on the route or as needed, collecting fares and giving change, and reporting faults and incidents. Because the cabin is small and stops are frequent, drivers must watch passenger safety and traffic closely.\n\nOn regulation, public light buses are subject to a vehicle cap and a passenger service licence regime, with green minibuses running fixed routes, frequencies and fares; drivers must hold the relevant licence and meet the department's requirements. Terms differ between employed drivers, those renting a vehicle and owner-drivers, as arranged with the operator.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。受僱司機由公司或車主按班次或營業額計；自僱或租車司機自負車租、燃油及保險成本。本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employed drivers are paid by shift or revenue by the company or vehicle owner; self-employed or renting drivers carry their own rent, fuel and insurance costs. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["持有效公共小型巴士駕駛執照（由運輸署規管）","通過體檢及駕駛紀錄審查","熟悉路線、收費及客運營業證相關規定","能接受長工時及頻繁上落客的工作節奏"],"entryEn":["Valid public light bus driving licence, regulated by the Transport Department","Pass a medical check and driving record review","Familiarity with routes, fares and passenger service licence rules","Able to handle long hours and frequent boarding and alighting"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"考取小型巴士牌照 → 隨車學習 → 獨立行車","titleEn":"Obtain the licence → learn on the road → drive solo","stepsZh":["考取公共小型巴士駕駛執照","應徵營運者或接受車主安排","熟習路線、收費及客運營業證要求","獨立行車並處理日常乘客事務"],"stepsEn":["Obtain a public light bus driving licence","Apply to an operator or arrange work with a vehicle owner","Learn the route, fares and passenger service licence requirements","Drive solo and handle day-to-day passenger matters"],"sourceIds":["tdlGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"小巴司機","titleEn":"Minibus driver"},{"titleZh":"資深司機／班次主管","titleEn":"Senior driver / shift supervisor"},{"titleZh":"車主／營運者","titleEn":"Owner / operator"},{"titleZh":"巴士或貨運駕駛","titleEn":"Bus or freight driving"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"小巴司機","titleEn":"Minibus driver"},{"titleZh":"資深司機／班次主管","titleEn":"Senior driver / shift supervisor"},{"titleZh":"車主／營運者","titleEn":"Owner / operator"},{"titleZh":"巴士或貨運駕駛","titleEn":"Bus or freight driving"}]},{"slug":"immigration-officer","titleZh":"入境事務主任","titleEn":"Immigration Officer","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"入境事務主任屬紀律部隊主任級職系，負責出入境管制、簽證同身份證事宜；入職要通過體能、語文同《基本法及香港國安法》測試，實際條件以入境處招聘公告為準。","ledeEn":"Immigration officers are an officer-grade disciplined service post handling immigration control, visas and identity documents; entry requires fitness, language and Basic Law and National Security Law tests, as advertised by the department.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"管制站工作節奏快：檢查證件、核實身份、處理旅客查詢同異常個案，遇有可疑個案要即時請示同記錄。調查組就做跟蹤、搜集證據同協助檢控，工作時間不固定，亦要輪夜更同處理突發事件。","bodyEn":"Control point work is fast-paced: checking documents, verifying identity, handling traveller enquiries and anomalies, and escalating and recording suspicious cases. Investigation teams carry out surveillance, gather evidence and support prosecutions, with irregular hours, night shifts and incident response."},{"titleZh":"入職要求","titleEn":"Entry requirements","bodyZh":"以入境事務處招聘公告為準：一般要求學位或副學位、通過體能測驗同面試、符合語文要求，2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位另須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。入職後要入住學院受訓，並通過考核先可以正式執勤。","bodyEn":"As advertised by the department: usually a degree or sub-degree, a fitness test, interviews and language proficiency, plus a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test for civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022. Recruits live in during training at the institute and must pass assessments before taking up duty."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬按公務員事務局公布嘅紀律人員薪級表支薪，入職薪點見招聘公告，另有津貼同逾時工作補薪，實際金額以政府公布為準，本站唔列數字。晉升靠年資、考核同晉升考試，由入境事務主任逐步升至總入境事務主任、首席入境事務主任，亦可走專業路線做調查或檢控工作。","bodyEn":"Pay follows the Disciplined Services pay scale published by the Civil Service Bureau, with the entry point stated in the recruitment notice plus allowances and overtime pay; actual figures are as published, and this site prints none. Promotion depends on service, appraisal and promotion examinations, moving from immigration officer through chief immigration officer to principal immigration officer, with specialist routes in investigation or prosecution."}],"sourceIds":["immdGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括喺機場、口岸同碼頭做旅客檢查、審核簽證同延期申請、調查偽造證件同逾期居留個案、執行遣送行動，亦可能調派到情報、檢控或政策支援組別。\n\n入職要求以入境事務處公布嘅招聘廣告為準：一般要求學位或副學位程度、通過體能測驗同面試、符合中英文語文要求；由 2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位，亦須在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格。入職後到入境事務學院受訓，工作須輪班同喺管制站執勤。","bodyEn":"Daily work covers passenger clearance at the airport, land boundary and ferry terminals, assessing visa and extension applications, investigating forged documents and overstayers, carrying out removal operations, and postings in intelligence, prosecution or policy support.\n\nEntry requirements are those in the Immigration Department's recruitment advertisements: usually a degree or sub-degree, a fitness test, interviews and Chinese and English language proficiency, while civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022 also require a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Recruits train at the Immigration Service Institute and work shifts at control points.","payBasisZh":"公務員紀律人員薪級表，入職薪點見入境處招聘公告；另設津貼及逾時工作補薪。本站不列金額。","payBasisEn":"Civil service Disciplined Services pay scale, entry point stated in Immigration Department recruitment notices, plus allowances and overtime pay. This site prints no amounts.","entryZh":["學位或副學位程度（以入境事務處招聘公告為準）","通過入境事務處入職體能測驗及面試","符合中英文語文能力要求","2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登的公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試"],"entryEn":["Degree or sub-degree level, as advertised by the Immigration Department","Pass the department's entry fitness test and interviews","Meet the Chinese and English language requirements","Civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022 require a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"招聘 → 學院訓練 → 管制站執勤","titleEn":"Recruitment → institute training → control point duty","stepsZh":["留意入境事務處招聘公告並遞交申請","通過體能測驗、面試及語文要求","入職後到入境事務學院受訓並通過考核","派駐管制站或調查組別，逐步累積年資"],"stepsEn":["Watch the department's recruitment notices and apply","Pass the fitness test, interviews and language requirements","Train at the Immigration Service Institute and pass assessments","Be posted to a control point or investigation team and build service"],"sourceIds":["immdGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"入境事務主任","titleEn":"Immigration Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級入境事務主任","titleEn":"Senior Immigration Officer"},{"titleZh":"總入境事務主任","titleEn":"Chief Immigration Officer"},{"titleZh":"首席入境事務主任","titleEn":"Principal Immigration Officer"},{"titleZh":"助理處長／處長","titleEn":"Assistant Director / Director"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"入境事務主任","titleEn":"Immigration Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級入境事務主任","titleEn":"Senior Immigration Officer"},{"titleZh":"總入境事務主任","titleEn":"Chief Immigration Officer"},{"titleZh":"首席入境事務主任","titleEn":"Principal Immigration Officer"},{"titleZh":"助理處長／處長","titleEn":"Assistant Director / Director"}]},{"slug":"truck-driver","titleZh":"貨櫃車司機","titleEn":"Container Truck Driver","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"貨櫃車司機拖運貨櫃往來碼頭、貨倉同工地；要持相關重型或掛接式車輛駕駛執照，部分貨物另有法例要求。","ledeEn":"Container truck drivers haul containers between terminals, warehouses and sites; they need the relevant heavy goods or articulated vehicle licence, and some cargoes carry extra legal requirements.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"工時長同節奏受碼頭同客戶時間表影響：排隊入閘、等待裝卸、核對櫃號同封條，出閘後按指示送貨，遇到延誤要即時通知調度。安全重點係貨櫃固定、重心同盲點，開車前一定要檢查鎖具。","bodyEn":"Hours are long and the rhythm is set by terminal and customer schedules: queueing at the gate, waiting for loading or unloading, checking container numbers and seals, then delivering as directed and reporting delays to dispatch. Safety centres on twist locks, load distribution and blind spots, so checks before moving off are essential."},{"titleZh":"入行與牌照","titleEn":"Entry and licensing","bodyZh":"須持有效嘅重型貨車或掛接式車輛駕駛執照，部分僱主要求相關經驗同良好駕駛紀錄並須通過體檢；運載危險品或超限貨物另有法例要求（例如許可證）。自僱司機要自己負擔車輛維修、油費同保險。","bodyEn":"A valid heavy goods or articulated vehicle licence is required, with some employers asking for experience, a clean record and a medical check; dangerous goods and abnormal loads carry extra legal requirements such as permits. Self-employed drivers carry their own vehicle maintenance, fuel and insurance costs."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬按趟數、件工或月薪計算，冇法定薪級；車主司機收入要扣油費、維修同保險，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：貨車司機 → 貨櫃車司機 → 車隊調度或主管 → 承運公司負責人。","bodyEn":"Pay is calculated per trip, by piece rate or as a monthly wage with no statutory scale, and owner-drivers deduct fuel, maintenance and insurance, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs goods vehicle driver, container truck driver, fleet dispatcher or supervisor, then transport company owner."}],"sourceIds":["tdlGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括出車前檢查（車頭、拖架、輪胎、制動）、按指示到碼頭或貨倉提取同交收貨櫃、處理交收文件同封條、按路線送貨同記錄里程；亦要應對碼頭排隊、天氣同交通情況。\n\n入職要求：須持有效嘅重型貨車或掛接式車輛駕駛執照（視車型而定），部分僱主要求相關經驗、良好駕駛紀錄同體檢；運載危險品或特殊貨物另受法例規管。實際條件以僱主招聘公告為準，好多司機係自僱或跟車主合作。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes pre-trip checks on the tractor, trailer, tyres and brakes, collecting and delivering containers at terminals or warehouses as directed, handling documents and seals, following the route and logging mileage, all while dealing with terminal queues, weather and traffic.\n\nEntry requires a valid heavy goods or articulated vehicle licence depending on the vehicle, and some employers ask for relevant experience, a clean driving record and a medical check; dangerous goods and special cargoes bring further legal requirements. Actual conditions follow the employer's notices, and many drivers are self-employed or work with a vehicle owner.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。受僱司機多為「底薪＋趟數獎金」；自僱車主自負車租或供車、燃油及保險成本。本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Employed drivers usually earn a base rate plus a per-trip bonus; owner-drivers carry their own vehicle, fuel and insurance costs. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["持有效重型貨車或掛接式車輛駕駛執照（視車型而定）","部分僱主要求相關經驗、良好駕駛紀錄及體檢","運載危險品或超限貨物另須符合法例要求","自僱司機須自行負擔車輛維修、油費及保險"],"entryEn":["Valid heavy goods or articulated vehicle licence, depending on the vehicle","Some employers ask for experience, a clean driving record and a medical check","Dangerous goods or abnormal loads bring extra legal requirements","Self-employed drivers cover their own maintenance, fuel and insurance"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"考取重型車牌 → 累積經驗 → 拖運貨櫃","titleEn":"Heavy vehicle licence → experience → container haulage","stepsZh":["考取重型貨車或掛接式車輛駕駛執照","先做中型貨車送貨，累積路面經驗","轉做貨櫃拖運，熟習碼頭流程及文件","累積客戶後轉做調度或自僱車主"],"stepsEn":["Obtain a heavy goods or articulated vehicle licence","Start on medium goods delivery to build road experience","Move into container haulage and learn terminal procedures and documents","Build customers then move into dispatch or owner-driver work"],"sourceIds":["tdlGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"貨車司機","titleEn":"Goods vehicle driver"},{"titleZh":"貨櫃車司機","titleEn":"Container truck driver"},{"titleZh":"車隊調度／主管","titleEn":"Fleet dispatcher / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"承運公司負責人","titleEn":"Transport company owner"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"貨車司機","titleEn":"Goods vehicle driver"},{"titleZh":"貨櫃車司機","titleEn":"Container truck driver"},{"titleZh":"車隊調度／主管","titleEn":"Fleet dispatcher / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"承運公司負責人","titleEn":"Transport company owner"}]},{"slug":"renovation-carpenter","titleZh":"裝修木工","titleEn":"Renovation Carpenter","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"裝修木工負責天花、地板、木門、傢俬同間隔，講求手工同現場判斷；冇法定牌照，但建造業議會工藝測試係行內公認嘅技能憑證。","ledeEn":"A renovation carpenter builds ceilings, floors, doors, furniture and partitions, which calls for hand skill and on-the-spot judgement. There is no statutory licence, but a Construction Industry Council trade test is the recognised credential in the trade.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"睇圖同度尺係第一步：確認尺寸、門向、櫃內間隔同收口方法，再開料、做底層（例如英泥砂漿或木方）、安裝同收口。完工後要檢查平整、開關順暢同飾面無花，並按需要同設計師或業主即場調整。","bodyEn":"Reading drawings and measuring come first: confirming dimensions, door swings, cabinet layouts and how joints will be finished, then cutting, preparing the substrate, installing and finishing. At handover the carpenter checks that surfaces are level, that doors and drawers run smoothly and that finishes are unmarked, adjusting on the spot with the designer or owner as needed."},{"titleZh":"入行與技能認證","titleEn":"Entry and skill certification","bodyZh":"入行冇法定牌照，多數由學徒或木工助手做起，邊做邊學；亦可先讀職業訓練局木工／室內裝修相關課程，再考建造業議會工藝測試（木工）確立技能水平。喺地盤工作同其他工種一樣，要持有建造業工人註冊證同完成認可安全訓練。","bodyEn":"No statutory licence is required; most carpenters start as apprentices or helpers and learn on the job. Another route is a Vocational Training Council carpentry or interior fitting-out course followed by the Construction Industry Council trade test for carpentry, which establishes the skill level. As with other site trades, a registered construction worker card and recognised safety training are required on site."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按日薪、件工或月薪決定，冇統一薪級；自僱接單就按報價扣物料同人工成本，收入同開工日數同工程數量掛鈎，所以本站唔估算收入。路線係學徒／助手 → 木工 → 師傅 → 裝修工程負責人，亦可以專做訂造傢俬、展覽佈景或文物修復木工。","bodyEn":"The employer sets day rates, piece rates or monthly pay, with no single scale; those working for themselves deduct materials and labour from the quoted price, so income follows the number of working days and jobs, and this site prints no estimate. The route runs apprentice or helper, carpenter, tradesman, then renovation project lead, with scope to specialise in custom furniture, exhibition set building or heritage joinery."}],"sourceIds":["cicOrgHK","vtcEducation","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"木工工序包括做假天花同燈槽、鋪木地板或複合地板、安裝木門同門框、砌櫃同訂造傢俬、做間隔同飾面。現場要按圖則同實際尺寸調整，量度誤差以毫米計，所以工具（電鋸、電鑽、修邊機）操作同安全防護係基本要求。\n\n木工亦要同其他工序協調：牆身同地板嘅水平、燈位同插蘇位置、門鉸同地腳線收口，通常要等泥水同水電做完先可以埋位，所以時間安排同行業默契好重要。","bodyEn":"Carpentry covers suspended ceilings and light troughs, timber or composite flooring, doors and frames, built-in cabinets and custom furniture, partitions and finishing. Site work has to be adjusted to the drawings and the actual dimensions, with tolerances measured in millimetres, so operating power tools such as saws, drills and routers safely is a basic requirement.\n\nCarpenters also coordinate with other trades: wall and floor levels, lighting and socket positions, door hinges and skirting joints usually have to wait until tiling and electrical work are done, which makes scheduling and trade etiquette important.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級，多為日薪制。日薪由僱主或判頭按工種、手工要求及開工日數決定；自行接案者按報價扣成本。本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale; most work is paid by the day, with rates set by the employer or subcontractor by trade, standard of finish and days worked; contractors quote per job and bear their own costs. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["冇法定牌照；僱主一般要求相關經驗或工藝測試證明","建造業議會工藝測試（木工）為業界認可資歷","可先讀 VTC 木工／室內裝修相關課程","地盤工作須持建造業工人註冊證及完成認可安全訓練"],"entryEn":["No statutory licence; employers normally ask for relevant experience or trade test evidence","The Construction Industry Council carpentry trade test is a recognised credential","A VTC carpentry or interior fitting-out course is a common way in","On site, a registered construction worker card and recognised safety training are required"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手 → 工藝測試","titleEn":"Apprentice or helper → trade test","stepsZh":["跟師傅做假天花、地板同傢俬安裝","讀 VTC 木工或室內裝修課程","通過建造業議會木工工藝測試","累積經驗後自行接單或升任管工"],"stepsEn":["Work with a tradesman on ceilings, flooring and furniture installation","Take a VTC carpentry or interior fitting-out course","Pass the CIC carpentry trade test","Take on jobs independently or move up to foreman with experience"],"sourceIds":["cicOrgHK","vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手","titleEn":"Apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"木工","titleEn":"Carpenter"},{"titleZh":"師傅","titleEn":"Tradesman"},{"titleZh":"裝修工程負責人","titleEn":"Renovation project lead"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手","titleEn":"Apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"木工","titleEn":"Carpenter"},{"titleZh":"師傅","titleEn":"Tradesman"},{"titleZh":"裝修工程負責人","titleEn":"Renovation project lead"}]},{"slug":"correctional-officer","titleZh":"懲教署職員","titleEn":"Correctional Services Officer","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"懲教署職員負責羈押、院所秩序同更生工作，屬紀律部隊；入職一般由二級懲教助理起步，要通過體能測驗、面試同背景審查。","ledeEn":"Correctional Services officers are a disciplined service responsible for custody, order in institutions and rehabilitation; entry usually starts at Correctional Services Assistant II, with fitness tests, interviews and vetting.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"院所工作講求紀律同程序：按時間表點名、巡查、搜查同押解，記錄事件同寫報告，亦要處理在囚人士之間嘅衝突同情緒。更生方面會協助教育、職業訓練同戒毒計劃嘅推行。","bodyEn":"Institutional work runs on discipline and procedure: roll calls, patrols, searches and escorts to a schedule, recording incidents and writing reports, and handling conflict or distress among prisoners. On the rehabilitation side, officers support education, vocational training and drug treatment programmes."},{"titleZh":"入職要求","titleEn":"Entry requirements","bodyZh":"以懲教署招聘公告為準：中學程度、通過體能測驗同視力要求、面試及背景審查；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。入職後要入住訓練院受訓並通過考核。","bodyEn":"As advertised by the department: secondary education, a fitness test, a vision requirement, interviews and vetting, plus a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for posts advertised from 1 July 2022. Recruits live in during training and must pass assessments."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬按紀律人員薪級表支薪，入職薪點見招聘公告，另有輪班津貼，實際金額以政府公布為準，本站唔列數字。員佐級可經年資同晉升考試轉任懲教主任，再逐步升任高級懲教主任、總懲教主任。","bodyEn":"Pay follows the Disciplined Services pay scale with the entry point in the recruitment notice plus shift allowances; actual figures are as published and this site prints none. Rank-and-file staff may move into the officer grade through service and promotion examinations, then progress to senior and chief officer ranks."}],"sourceIds":["csdGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括看守在囚人士、點名、巡查院所同搜查物品、維持秩序、押解在囚人士出庭或到醫院，以及執行院所規則同協助更生計劃；部分崗位喺青少年院所、教導所、戒毒所或精神健康設施工作。\n\n入職要求以懲教署公布嘅招聘公告為準：二級懲教助理一般要求中學程度（文憑試指定科目達標）、通過體能測驗同視力要求、面試同背景審查；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。入職後到懲教署職員訓練院受訓，工作須輪班、夜更同候命。","bodyEn":"Daily work covers guarding persons in custody, roll calls, searching institutions and property, maintaining order, escorting prisoners to court or hospital, enforcing institutional rules and supporting rehabilitation programmes, with some posts in youth institutions, training centres, drug rehabilitation centres or mental health facilities.\n\nEntry follows the Correctional Services Department's recruitment notices: Assistant II usually needs secondary education with specified HKDSE results, a fitness test, a vision requirement, interviews and vetting, plus a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022. Recruits train at the Correctional Services Department Staff Training Institute and work shifts, nights and standby duties.","payBasisZh":"公務員紀律人員薪級表，入職薪點見懲教署招聘公告；另設津貼及逾時工作補薪。本站不列金額。","payBasisEn":"Civil service Disciplined Services pay scale, entry point stated in CSD recruitment notices, plus allowances and overtime pay. This site prints no amounts.","entryZh":["中學程度，文憑試指定科目達標（以懲教署招聘公告為準）","通過入職體能測驗及視力要求","面試及背景審查合格","2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登的公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試"],"entryEn":["Secondary education with specified HKDSE results, as advertised by the department","Pass the entry fitness test and vision requirement","Pass the interview and vetting","Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for posts advertised from 1 July 2022"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"招聘 → 職員訓練院 → 院所執勤","titleEn":"Recruitment → staff training institute → institutional duty","stepsZh":["留意懲教署招聘公告並遞交申請","通過體能測驗、面試及背景審查","入職後到職員訓練院受訓並通過考核","派駐院所值勤，累積年資後投考懲教主任"],"stepsEn":["Watch the department's recruitment notices and apply","Pass the fitness test, interview and vetting","Train at the staff training institute and pass assessments","Take up institutional duty and later apply for the officer grade"],"sourceIds":["csdGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"二級懲教助理","titleEn":"Correctional Services Assistant II"},{"titleZh":"一級懲教助理","titleEn":"Correctional Services Assistant I"},{"titleZh":"懲教主任","titleEn":"Correctional Services Officer","noteZh":"經晉升考試轉主任級","noteEn":"Officer grade by promotion examination"},{"titleZh":"高級／總懲教主任","titleEn":"Senior / Chief Correctional Services Officer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"二級懲教助理","titleEn":"Correctional Services Assistant II"},{"titleZh":"一級懲教助理","titleEn":"Correctional Services Assistant I"},{"titleZh":"懲教主任","titleEn":"Correctional Services Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級／總懲教主任","titleEn":"Senior / Chief Correctional Services Officer"}]},{"slug":"veterinarian","titleZh":"獸醫","titleEn":"Veterinarian","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","ledeZh":"香港嘅獸醫要註冊先可以執業：註冊由香港獸醫管理局負責，未註冊唔可以用「獸醫」職銜或者行醫。","ledeEn":"Veterinarians must be registered in Hong Kong: registration is handled by the Veterinary Surgeons Board of Hong Kong, and no one may use the title or practise without it.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"Scope of practice","bodyZh":"診所日常係接診、問病歷、做身體檢查、抽血或影像診斷，再決定治療方案同收費；亦要做手術同住院觀察，跟進覆診。急症同夜診係常態，獸醫要有處理動物應激同主人情緒嘅技巧。","bodyEn":"Clinic routine means seeing cases, taking histories, examining animals, running blood tests or imaging and agreeing a treatment plan and fees, plus surgery, hospital observation and follow-up visits. Emergency and night work is common, and veterinarians need skills in handling stressed animals and worried owners."},{"titleZh":"註冊要求","titleEn":"Registration requirements","bodyZh":"須完成認可獸醫學位（本地冇相關課程，多數在海外升學），再向香港獸醫管理局申請註冊；管理局會審核學歷、語文及實習等要求，詳情以其公布為準。註冊後仍要遵守專業守則同持續進修要求。","bodyEn":"You must complete a recognised veterinary degree, which in practice means studying abroad since no local programme is offered, then apply to the Board for registration; the Board checks academic, language and practical requirements as it publishes. After registration, the professional code and continuing education expectations continue to apply."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬視乎執業模式：私人診所受僱獸醫多數有固定薪酬加佣金或分成；政府獸醫職位按公務員薪級支薪；自設診所就扣租金、器材同助理成本，本站唔估算收入。路線：獸醫 → 資深獸醫 → 專科（外科、內科、影像、急症）→ 診所主管、醫療總監或自設診所。","bodyEn":"Pay depends on the practice model: employed veterinarians in private clinics usually have a fixed salary plus commission or a share; government veterinary posts follow civil service pay scales; running your own clinic means deducting rent, equipment and staff costs, and this site prints no estimate. The route runs veterinarian, senior veterinarian, specialist in surgery, medicine, imaging or emergency care, then clinic head, medical director or clinic owner."}],"sourceIds":["vbhkOrgHK","afcdTrails","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"工作包括診斷同治療動物疾病、做手術、疫苗同驅蟲、絕育、牙科同影像檢查；亦有獸醫專做農場動物、賽馬醫療、漁農自然護理署嘅檢疫同公共衞生工作。\n\n法定架構方面：受《獸醫註冊條例》規管，獸醫管理局處理註冊同紀律。本地冇獸醫學位課程，入行多數到海外升學，畢業後向管理局註冊；如從事動物售賣、診所營運或使用受管制藥物，另要符合相關法例。","bodyEn":"The work covers diagnosing and treating animal diseases, surgery, vaccination and parasite control, neutering, dentistry and imaging; some veterinarians specialise in farm animals, racehorse medicine, or the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department's quarantine and public health work.\n\nThe statutory framework sits under the Veterinary Surgeons Registration Ordinance, with the Board handling registration and discipline. There is no local veterinary degree, so most study abroad and then register with the Board; running a pet shop, operating a clinic or using controlled medicines brings in other legislation as well.","payBasisZh":"公職按政府薪級表；私家動物醫院及連鎖集團由僱主自訂，多為底薪加分成；自設診所自負成本。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"Public posts follow the government pay scale; private hospitals and groups set their own terms, often a base rate plus a fee share, while practice owners bear their own costs. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["完成認可獸醫學位（本地無相關課程，一般須往海外升學）","向香港獸醫管理局註冊後方可執業","遵守專業守則及持續進修要求","如經營寵物店或診所等業務，另須符合相關牌照規定"],"entryEn":["Complete a recognised veterinary degree, normally abroad as no local programme exists","Register with the Veterinary Surgeons Board before practising","Observe the professional code and continuing education expectations","Running a pet business or clinic also requires the relevant licences"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"海外獸醫學位 → 註冊","titleEn":"Overseas veterinary degree → registration","stepsZh":["中學畢業後報讀海外獸醫學位課程","完成課程要求的臨床實習","向香港獸醫管理局申請註冊","按興趣接受專科訓練或轉往公營部門"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in an overseas veterinary degree after secondary school","Complete the clinical training the programme requires","Apply for registration with the Veterinary Surgeons Board of Hong Kong","Take specialist training or move into the public sector"],"sourceIds":["vbhkOrgHK"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"獸醫","titleEn":"Veterinarian"},{"titleZh":"資深獸醫","titleEn":"Senior veterinarian"},{"titleZh":"專科獸醫","titleEn":"Specialist veterinarian"},{"titleZh":"診所主管／醫療總監","titleEn":"Clinic head / medical director"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"獸醫","titleEn":"Veterinarian"},{"titleZh":"資深獸醫","titleEn":"Senior veterinarian"},{"titleZh":"專科獸醫","titleEn":"Specialist veterinarian"},{"titleZh":"診所主管／醫療總監","titleEn":"Clinic head / medical director"}]},{"slug":"aluminium-window-technician","titleZh":"鋁窗師傅","titleEn":"Aluminium Window Technician","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"鋁窗師傅負責檢查、維修同更換鋁窗；由於有墮窗風險，強制驗窗計劃同小型工程制度對相關工序有法定要求。","ledeEn":"Aluminium window technicians inspect, repair and replace windows. Because of the risk of windows falling, the mandatory window inspection scheme and the minor works regime impose statutory requirements on the work.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"上門檢查時要逐隻窗試開關、睇窗鉸同拉釘有冇鬆脫或銹蝕、檢查膠邊老化同窗框變形；維修就要喺安全情況下拆窗、換件、重新封膠同試水。高層單位工作涉及高空安全，要按程序用安全帶同工作平台。","bodyEn":"On site you open and close each window, check hinges and rivets for looseness or corrosion, and look at gasket ageing and frame distortion; repairs mean removing the sash safely, replacing parts, re-sealing and water testing. Work in high-rise units involves height safety, using harnesses and platforms to procedure."},{"titleZh":"法定要求","titleEn":"Statutory requirements","bodyZh":"強制驗窗計劃下，收到法定通知嘅業主須委任合資格人士檢驗，並由註冊小型工程承建商進行所需修葺；部分窗類工程屬小型工程項目，須按《建築物條例》呈報。行內亦可考建造業議會工藝測試以證明技能。","bodyEn":"Under the mandatory window inspection scheme, owners who receive a statutory notice must appoint a qualified person to inspect, and any required repairs must be done by a registered minor works contractor; some window items are minor works that must be reported under the Buildings Ordinance. A Construction Industry Council trade test is also used to demonstrate skill."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按日薪、件工或月薪決定，冇法定薪級；自僱接單就按報價扣物料成本，收入同開工日數同工程數量掛鈎，本站唔估算收入。路線：學徒／助手 → 鋁窗技工 → 師傅 → 管工或承辦商，亦可專做驗窗檢驗或幕牆維修。","bodyEn":"The employer sets day rates, piece rates or monthly pay with no statutory scale; self-employed technicians deduct material costs from the quoted price, so income follows working days and job volume, and this site prints no estimate. The route runs apprentice or helper, window technician, tradesman, then supervisor or contractor, with scope to specialise in window inspection or curtain wall maintenance."}],"sourceIds":["bd20Book","cicOrgHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括檢查窗鉸、螺絲、拉釘同膠邊，收緊或更換鬆脫組件，換玻璃同防水膠，處理窗邊滲水；亦會按訂單安裝鋁窗、趟門同欄河。\n\n法定要求要分清楚：業主收到強制驗窗計劃嘅法定通知後，要委任合資格人士檢驗，需要修葺就由註冊小型工程承建商進行；若干涉及窗嘅工程屬《建築物條例》下嘅小型工程項目，要按規定呈報。所以師傅要識分辨工程類別，唔可以「見鬆就換」。","bodyEn":"The work covers checking hinges, screws, rivets and gaskets, tightening or replacing loose components, replacing glass and sealant and dealing with water seepage, as well as fitting aluminium windows, sliding doors and railings to order.\n\nThe statutory side has to be sorted out: once an owner receives a statutory notice under the mandatory window inspection scheme, a qualified person must inspect and any repair work must be carried out by a registered minor works contractor; several window-related items fall within the minor works regime under the Buildings Ordinance and must be reported. Technicians therefore have to classify the works correctly rather than simply replacing anything loose.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級，多為日薪或按件計。由僱主或判頭按工程類型、手工要求及開工日數決定；自行接案者按報價扣成本。本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale; mostly daily or piece rates set by the employer or subcontractor by type of work, standard of finish and days worked; contractors deduct their costs from the price. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["一般要求中三或以上學歷及體力適合高空工作","窗類小型工程須由屋宇署註冊小型工程承建商進行","強制驗窗計劃下的檢驗須由合資格人士處理","建造業議會工藝測試可作為技能證明"],"entryEn":["Secondary 3 or above is usual, with fitness for work at height","Window-related minor works must be carried out by a registered minor works contractor","Inspections under the mandatory window inspection scheme must be handled by a qualified person","A Construction Industry Council trade test can serve as proof of skill"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手 → 鋁窗技工","titleEn":"Apprentice or helper → window technician","stepsZh":["跟師傅學拆窗、換鉸、換玻璃同封膠","了解強制驗窗及小型工程的分類要求","考建造業議會工藝測試或配合註冊承建商工作","累積經驗後升任管工或自行承接"],"stepsEn":["Learn sash removal, hinge and glass replacement and sealing with a tradesman","Learn how mandatory window inspection and minor works items are classified","Take a CIC trade test or work alongside a registered contractor","Move up to supervisor or self-employment with experience"],"sourceIds":["bd20Book","cicOrgHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手","titleEn":"Apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"鋁窗技工","titleEn":"Window technician"},{"titleZh":"師傅","titleEn":"Tradesman"},{"titleZh":"管工／承辦商","titleEn":"Supervisor / contractor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手","titleEn":"Apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"鋁窗技工","titleEn":"Window technician"},{"titleZh":"師傅","titleEn":"Tradesman"},{"titleZh":"管工／承辦商","titleEn":"Supervisor / contractor"}]},{"slug":"hotel-receptionist","titleZh":"酒店前台接待員","titleEn":"Hotel Receptionist","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","ledeZh":"前台接待員負責入住登記、退房、訂房同客人查詢；係酒店嘅門面，要輪班同通宵。","ledeEn":"Front desk receptionists handle check-in and check-out, bookings and guest enquiries; they are the face of the hotel and work shifts including overnight.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"前台要同時處理櫃位客人、電話同電郵：入住高峰要快手核對證件同分房，退房時要核對消費同開發票；夜更仲要兼顧巡樓、夜審（day-end）程序同處理突發求助。","bodyEn":"The desk juggles guests at the counter, phone calls and emails: at check-in peaks documents must be checked and rooms allocated quickly, and at check-out charges are verified and invoices issued; night shifts add patrols, the day-end audit and handling late emergencies."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"以酒店招聘公告為準：中學或以上程度、良好中英文（其他語言有利）、懂酒店管理系統者優先；入職後接受系統、服務標準及安全訓練，並要能接受輪班、通宵及假日工作。","bodyEn":"As advertised by the hotel: secondary education or above, good Chinese and English with other languages an advantage, and property management system familiarity preferred; training covers systems, service standards and safety, with shifts, overnight and holiday work part of the job."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由酒店按職級、更制同經驗決定，另有通宵同輪班津貼，實際安排以僱主公布為準，本站唔估算收入。路線：前台接待員 → 資深接待員或前台組長 → 前台主管 → 房務或營運經理，亦可轉做訂房、收益管理或客戶關係。","bodyEn":"The hotel sets pay by grade, roster and experience, usually with overnight and shift allowances; details follow the employer and this site prints no estimate. The route runs receptionist, senior receptionist or front desk team leader, front office supervisor, then rooms or operations manager, with moves into reservations, revenue management or guest relations."}],"sourceIds":["hktbGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括辦理入住同退房、處理訂房同更改、收費同結帳、回應客人查詢同投訴、安排行李同交通、記錄特別要求（例如無障礙房或相連房）；亦可能要處理超額訂房或緊急事故（例如火警疏散通知）。\n\n入職要求：一般要求中學或以上程度、良好中英文（懂得其他語言有利）、懂酒店管理系統者優先；入職後接受系統操作、服務標準同安全訓練，並要能接受輪班、通宵同假日工作。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes check-in and check-out, handling and amending bookings, charging and settling accounts, answering enquiries and complaints, arranging luggage and transport and recording special requests such as accessible or connecting rooms, and sometimes dealing with overbooking or emergencies such as fire evacuation notices.\n\nEntry usually needs secondary education or above, good Chinese and English with other languages an advantage, and familiarity with property management systems preferred. Training covers systems, service standards and safety, and the role requires shifts, overnight and holiday work.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由酒店按級別、職級及更制自訂，或設服務費分帳及語言津貼；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Hotels set pay by grade, rank and roster, sometimes with a service charge share or language allowance; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中學或以上程度，良好中英文（其他語言有利）","懂酒店管理系統者優先","能接受輪班、通宵及假日工作","入職後接受服務標準及安全訓練"],"entryEn":["Secondary education or above with good Chinese and English, other languages an advantage","Property management system experience preferred","Available for shifts, overnight and holiday work","Complete service standards and safety training"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"應徵前台 → 系統訓練 → 獨立當值","titleEn":"Apply to the front desk → systems training → duty on your own","stepsZh":["向酒店前台部應徵","學習系統操作、入住流程及收費規則","跟師傅當值，處理客人查詢及突發情況","通過評估後獨立當更並處理夜審程序"],"stepsEn":["Apply to a hotel front office","Learn the systems, check-in process and charging rules","Work shifts alongside experienced staff handling enquiries and incidents","Take charge of a shift and the day-end audit after assessment"],"sourceIds":["hktbGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"前台接待員","titleEn":"Front desk receptionist"},{"titleZh":"資深接待員／前台組長","titleEn":"Senior receptionist / team leader"},{"titleZh":"前台主管","titleEn":"Front office supervisor"},{"titleZh":"房務或營運經理","titleEn":"Rooms or operations manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"前台接待員","titleEn":"Front desk receptionist"},{"titleZh":"資深接待員／前台組長","titleEn":"Senior receptionist / team leader"},{"titleZh":"前台主管","titleEn":"Front office supervisor"},{"titleZh":"房務或營運經理","titleEn":"Rooms or operations manager"}]},{"slug":"highways-engineer","titleZh":"路政署維修工程師","titleEn":"Highways Department Maintenance Engineer","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"路政署維修工程師屬政府工程師職系，負責道路同道路設施嘅保養、維修合約同緊急維修；入職一般要求相關學位及專業工程師資格。","ledeEn":"Highways Department maintenance engineers belong to the government engineer grade and handle road and roadside asset upkeep, maintenance contracts and emergency repairs; entry normally requires a relevant degree and professional engineer status.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"工程師要同時處理合約同現場事務：巡查記錄設施狀況、審核承辦商方法同進度、跟進緊急維修嘅調配，亦要同其他部門（例如運輸署、警務處）協調封路同改道安排。","bodyEn":"Engineers juggle contract and site matters: inspecting and recording asset condition, vetting contractors' methods and progress, mobilising emergency repairs, and coordinating road closures and diversions with other departments such as the Transport Department and the Police."},{"titleZh":"入職與專業資格","titleEn":"Entry and professional qualification","bodyZh":"一般要求相關工程學位，完成見習訓練後取得香港工程師學會正式會員或註冊專業工程師資格（或同等）；政府職位要通過招聘程序，2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅職位另須《基本法及香港國安法》測試及格。","bodyEn":"A relevant engineering degree is usual, followed by practical training and corporate membership of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers or registered professional engineer status, or equivalent; government posts go through the recruitment process, with a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for posts advertised from 1 July 2022."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"政府工程師職系按公務員薪級支薪，入職薪點見招聘公告，另有津貼，實際金額以政府公布為準，本站唔列數字。路線：助理工程師 → 工程師 → 高級工程師 → 總工程師 → 首席政府工程師，亦可轉往顧問公司或承辦商做項目管理。","bodyEn":"The government engineer grade is paid on the civil service pay scale with the entry point in the recruitment notice plus allowances; actual figures are as published and this site prints none. The route runs assistant engineer, engineer, senior engineer, chief engineer, then principal government engineer, with moves into consultancy or contracting and project management."}],"sourceIds":["hydGovHK","hkieOrgHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括巡視道路同道路設施（橋樑、隧道入口、行人天橋、相關斜坡設施）、審核承辦商嘅維修工程、處理路面破損同交通意外後嘅緊急維修、跟進投訴（例如路面不平、積水），亦要協調臨時交通安排。\n\n入職要求以政府職位招聘公告為準：工程師職位一般要求相關工程學位同見習訓練，並取得香港工程師學會正式會員或註冊專業工程師資格（或同等資歷）；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。","bodyEn":"Daily work covers inspecting roads and roadside assets such as bridges, tunnel approaches, footbridges and associated slopes, vetting contractors' maintenance work, handling emergency repairs after surface failures and traffic accidents, following up complaints about uneven surfaces or standing water, and coordinating temporary traffic arrangements.\n\nEntry follows government recruitment notices: engineer posts normally require a relevant engineering degree with practical training, plus corporate membership of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers or registered professional engineer status, or equivalent, and civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022 require a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass.","payBasisZh":"政府職系按公務員薪級表支薪，入職薪點見招聘公告；顧問公司及承建商由僱主自訂。本站不列金額。","payBasisEn":"Government posts follow the civil service pay scale with the entry point stated in recruitment notices; consultancies and contractors set their own terms. This site prints no amounts.","entryZh":["相關工程學位及見習訓練","取得香港工程師學會正式會員／註冊專業工程師資格（或同等）","通過政府招聘程序；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試","熟悉道路維修合約管理及工地安全要求"],"entryEn":["Relevant engineering degree and practical training","Corporate membership of the HKIE or registered professional engineer status, or equivalent","Government recruitment process, with a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for posts advertised from 1 July 2022","Familiarity with maintenance contract administration and site safety"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"工程學位 → 見習 → 專業資格 → 政府職位","titleEn":"Engineering degree → training → professional status → government post","stepsZh":["完成相關工程學位","完成見習訓練並累積現場經驗","取得香港工程師學會正式會員或註冊專業工程師資格","投考政府工程師職位，負責維修合約或項目"],"stepsEn":["Complete a relevant engineering degree","Finish practical training and build site experience","Obtain HKIE corporate membership or registered professional engineer status","Apply for a government engineer post covering maintenance contracts or projects"],"sourceIds":["hydGovHK","hkieOrgHK"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"助理工程師","titleEn":"Assistant Engineer"},{"titleZh":"工程師","titleEn":"Engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior Engineer"},{"titleZh":"總工程師","titleEn":"Chief Engineer"},{"titleZh":"首席政府工程師","titleEn":"Principal Government Engineer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"助理工程師","titleEn":"Assistant Engineer"},{"titleZh":"工程師","titleEn":"Engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior Engineer"},{"titleZh":"總工程師","titleEn":"Chief Engineer"},{"titleZh":"首席政府工程師","titleEn":"Principal Government Engineer"}]},{"slug":"ferry-captain","titleZh":"渡輪船長","titleEn":"Ferry Captain","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"渡輪船長負責船隻航行同乘客安全；要持海事處發出嘅船長適任證書，級別視船隻大小、馬力同航區而定。","ledeEn":"Ferry captains are responsible for navigation and passenger safety; they hold a certificate of competency issued by the Marine Department, at a level set by vessel size, power and trading area.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"渡輪班次密：開航、靠泊、上落客循環進行，船長要兼顧航行安全、人手安排同乘客秩序；大霧、颱風同大浪時要判斷係咪停航或改道，並通報控制中心同乘客。","bodyEn":"Ferry schedules are dense, with departure, berthing and boarding repeated through the day, so captains juggle navigation safety, crewing and passenger order; in fog, typhoons or heavy seas they decide whether to suspend or divert sailings and inform the control centre and passengers."},{"titleZh":"資歷與發證","titleEn":"Qualifications and certification","bodyZh":"要累積海事處認可嘅海上服務年資同完成培訓，通過考試同體格檢查後取得相應適任證書；證書級別同可操作的船隻類型、馬力及航區掛鈎，實際要求以海事處公布為準。","bodyEn":"You build Marine Department-recognised sea service and complete training, then pass examinations and a medical check to obtain the relevant certificate of competency; the level is tied to the vessel type, power and trading area you may operate, as the department publishes."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由船公司按職級、船型同更表決定，冇法定薪級；津貼同值夜安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：甲板船員 → 水手或副船長 → 船長 → 船隊主管或海事管理，亦可轉做船舶檢驗、碼頭運作或海事教育。","bodyEn":"The shipping company sets pay by rank, vessel type and roster with no statutory scale; allowances and night duty arrangements vary, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs deck crew, able seaman or first officer, captain, then fleet superintendent or marine management, with moves into vessel inspection, terminal operations or maritime training."}],"sourceIds":["mdGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括開航前檢查主機、舵機、救生同消防設備，按航線同時間表航行、埋泊碼頭，上下客時維持秩序同安全，與船員分工並記錄航海日誌，遇有惡劣天氣或事故要按程序處理。\n\n制度方面：香港船員資歷由海事處按國際公約同本地法例監管，船長要考取相應嘅適任證書，並符合體格、海上服務年資同培訓要求；持證後仍要按規定更新同維持資格。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes pre-departure checks on the main engine, steering gear and life-saving and fire-fighting equipment, navigating to route and timetable, berthing, keeping order and safety while passengers board and alight, dividing duties among the crew, keeping the log, and following procedures in bad weather or incidents.\n\nOn regulation, seafarer qualifications in Hong Kong are overseen by the Marine Department under international conventions and local law: captains must obtain the relevant certificate of competency and meet medical, sea service and training requirements, and renew and maintain their certificates afterwards.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級。由船公司按航線、船種、職級及更制自訂；船長須持海事處適任證書。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale. Operators set pay by route, vessel type, rank and roster; captains must hold a Marine Department certificate of competency. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["完成海事處認可的海上服務年資及培訓","通過海事處考試及體格檢查，取得相應適任證書","證書級別與船隻類型、馬力及航區掛鈎","持證後須按規定更新及維持資格"],"entryEn":["Complete Marine Department-recognised sea service and training","Pass the department's examinations and a medical check to obtain the certificate of competency","The certificate level is tied to vessel type, power and trading area","Certificates must be renewed and maintained"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"甲板船員 → 副船長 → 船長","titleEn":"Deck crew → first officer → captain","stepsZh":["由甲板船員或見習生起步，累積海上服務年資","完成海事處要求的培訓及安全課程","通過考試及體格檢查取得適任證書","按年資及證書級別升任船長"],"stepsEn":["Start as deck crew or a cadet and build sea service","Complete the department's training and safety courses","Pass examinations and a medical check for the certificate","Progress to captain with service and certificate level"],"sourceIds":["mdGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"甲板船員","titleEn":"Deck crew"},{"titleZh":"水手／副船長","titleEn":"Able seaman / first officer"},{"titleZh":"船長","titleEn":"Captain"},{"titleZh":"船隊主管／海事管理","titleEn":"Fleet superintendent / marine management"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"甲板船員","titleEn":"Deck crew"},{"titleZh":"水手／副船長","titleEn":"Able seaman / first officer"},{"titleZh":"船長","titleEn":"Captain"},{"titleZh":"船隊主管／海事管理","titleEn":"Fleet superintendent / marine management"}]},{"slug":"painter","titleZh":"裝修油漆工","titleEn":"Renovation Painter","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"裝修油漆工做內外牆、木器同金屬嘅油漆同飾面，工序係鏟底、批灰、打磨、上底漆同面漆；冇法定牌照，靠手工同行內認證。","ledeEn":"A renovation painter applies paint and finishes to walls, timber and metal through scraping, filling, sanding, priming and top coats. There is no statutory licence; the trade runs on hand skill and recognised credentials.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工序同日常工作","titleEn":"Process and daily work","bodyZh":"室內多數做牆身、天花、木門同傢俬飾面；外牆就要配合棚架同天氣，用滾筒、油掃或噴塗。師傅要識睇色板、調色，判斷用幾多層同邊種塗料，例如防霉、防火、防水塗料。","bodyEn":"Indoor work covers walls, ceilings, timber doors and furniture, while exterior work depends on scaffolding and weather and uses rollers, brushes or spraying. Painters read colour charts, mix colours, and judge how many coats and which coating is needed, such as anti-mould, fire-retardant or waterproof products."},{"titleZh":"入行與技能認證","titleEn":"Entry and certification","bodyZh":"冇法定牌照：多由學徒或助手做起，或先讀職業訓練局相關課程，再考建造業議會工藝測試（油漆）確立技能。地盤工作要持建造業工人註冊證同完成認可安全訓練，處理溶劑亦要按指引。","bodyEn":"No statutory licence: most start as apprentices or helpers, or take a Vocational Training Council course and then the Construction Industry Council painting trade test. Site work requires a registered construction worker card and recognised safety training, and solvent handling must follow guidance."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按日薪或件工決定，冇統一薪級；自僱接單按報價扣物料同人工成本，收入同開工日數掛鈎，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：學徒／助手 → 油漆工 → 師傅 → 管工或自僱承接工程，亦可專做外牆、防火塗料或藝術漆。","bodyEn":"The employer sets day rates or piece rates with no single scale; self-employed painters deduct materials and labour from the quoted price, so income follows the days worked and this site prints no estimate. The route runs apprentice or helper, painter, tradesman, then supervisor or self-employed contractor, with scope to specialise in exterior work, fire-retardant coatings or decorative finishes."}],"sourceIds":["cicOrgHK","vtcEducation","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"油漆睇落簡單，實際講求底層處理：鏟走舊漆、補裂縫、批灰、打磨、上底漆（封固）再上面漆，每層要乾透先做得下一層，所以工期同天氣、濕度關係好大。\n\n風險要管理嘅有幾樣：溶劑同油漆嘅通風同防護、高空工作（棚架、梯、吊船）同粉塵，呼吸器、手套同安全工作程序係必要裝備。入行多由學徒或油漆助手做起，跟師傅學鏟底批灰同噴塗。","bodyEn":"Painting looks simple but depends on preparation: stripping old paint, filling cracks, skimming, sanding, sealing and then top coats, with each layer dried before the next, so schedules are tied to weather and humidity.\n\nSeveral hazards need managing: ventilation and protection when using paint and thinners, work at height on scaffolds, ladders or gondolas, and dust, which makes respirators, gloves and safe procedures essential. Most people start as an apprentice or painter's helper, learning preparation, filling and spraying on the job.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級，多為日薪或按件計。由僱主或判頭按工程類型、手工要求及開工日數決定；自行接案者按報價扣成本。本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale; mostly daily or piece rates set by the employer or subcontractor by type of work, standard of finish and days worked; contractors deduct their costs from the price. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["冇法定牌照；靠經驗及／或工藝測試證明","建造業議會工藝測試（油漆）為業界認可資歷","要熟悉溶劑、粉塵及高空工作安全要求","地盤工作須持建造業工人註冊證及完成認可安全訓練"],"entryEn":["No statutory licence; experience and/or a trade test provide the credential","The Construction Industry Council painting trade test is a recognised credential","Solvent, dust and work-at-height safety requirements apply","On site, a registered construction worker card and recognised safety training are required"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手 → 工藝測試","titleEn":"Apprentice or helper → trade test","stepsZh":["跟師傅學鏟底、批灰、打磨同噴塗","讀職業訓練局油漆或裝修相關課程","報考建造業議會油漆工藝測試","累積經驗後自僱接單或升任管工"],"stepsEn":["Learn stripping, filling, sanding and spraying with a tradesman","Take a VTC painting or renovation course","Sit the CIC painting trade test","Work for yourself or move up to supervisor with experience"],"sourceIds":["cicOrgHK","vtcEducation"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手","titleEn":"Apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"油漆工","titleEn":"Painter"},{"titleZh":"師傅","titleEn":"Tradesman"},{"titleZh":"管工／自僱承接工程","titleEn":"Supervisor / self-employed contractor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手","titleEn":"Apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"油漆工","titleEn":"Painter"},{"titleZh":"師傅","titleEn":"Tradesman"},{"titleZh":"管工／自僱承接工程","titleEn":"Supervisor / self-employed contractor"}]},{"slug":"jewelry-sales-associate","titleZh":"珠寶銷售員","titleEn":"Jewelry Sales Associate","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","ledeZh":"珠寶銷售員喺珠寶店或品牌專門店銷售首飾；要認識黃金成色、鑽石分級同售後條款，旺季工時較長。","ledeEn":"Jewellery sales associates sell in jewellery shops or brand boutiques; they must know gold fineness, diamond grading and after-sales terms, and peak seasons bring long hours.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"門市工作以客為本：了解客人送禮或自用、預算同款式偏好，再按貨品特性介紹；成交後要跟進改圈、刻字或維修，並記錄保養同保用條款。收店時要點算貴重貨品同鎖好飾櫃。","bodyEn":"Shop work is customer-led: understanding whether a purchase is a gift or for the buyer, the budget and style preference, then presenting items accordingly; after a sale come resizing, engraving or repairs, with care and warranty terms recorded. Closing involves counting valuables and locking showcases."},{"titleZh":"入行與專業知識","titleEn":"Entry and product knowledge","bodyZh":"一般要求中學或以上程度，重視服務態度同語言能力（英語或普通話）；產品知識（成色、寶石、證書）多由公司培訓或行業課程提供。銷售員要準確講解證書內容同售後安排，唔可以誇大保值或投資回報。","bodyEn":"Secondary education or above is usual, with service attitude and language skills, English or Putonghua, valued highly; product knowledge on fineness, gemstones and certificates comes from company training or trade courses. Staff must describe certificates and after-sales terms accurately and must not exaggerate value retention or investment returns."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬多數係底薪加佣金或獎金，冇法定薪級；佣金率同銷售目標視乎公司，旺季收入佔比特別高，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：珠寶銷售員 → 資深銷售員 → 店務主管 → 店長或區域主管，亦可轉做採購、珠寶鑑定或品牌培訓。","bodyEn":"Pay is usually a base plus commission or bonus with no statutory scale; commission rates and targets vary by company, and peak-season sales weigh heavily, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs jewellery sales associate, senior associate, shop supervisor, then store or area manager, with moves into buying, gemmology or brand training."}],"sourceIds":["hkretailOrgHK","hkqf","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括接待客人同了解需求（預算、用途、款式）、介紹產品同解釋材質（黃金成色、K金、鑽石 4C：克拉、淨度、顏色、切工）、處理付款同售後（改圈、清洗、維修）、點貨同盤點、維持陳列同保安；婚嫁同節日期間特別忙。\n\n入行要求：一般要求中學或以上程度，具備良好服務態度同基本英語或普通話（旅客客源多）；行內重視產品知識，部分公司安排內部培訓，亦有專業機構提供珠寶首飾課程。銷售員要清楚講解產品證書、成色同退換條款，避免誤導。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes greeting customers and understanding their needs in budget, purpose and style, presenting products and explaining materials such as gold fineness, karat gold and the four Cs of diamonds, handling payment and after-sales services like resizing, cleaning and repair, stocktaking, display upkeep and security; wedding and festive seasons are the busiest.\n\nEntry usually needs secondary education or above with a service mindset and basic English or Putonghua, since many customers are visitors. Product knowledge is central: some companies train in house and professional bodies offer jewellery courses. Sales staff must explain certificates, fineness and return terms clearly to avoid misleading customers.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級，多為「底薪＋銷售佣金」，比例及目標由僱主設定；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale; usually a base rate plus sales commission with rates and targets set by the employer. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中學或以上程度，良好服務態度及英語／普通話","具珠寶、鐘錶或零售經驗者優先","公司提供產品知識及珠寶鑑定基礎訓練","須清楚講解產品證書、成色及售後條款"],"entryEn":["Secondary education or above with a service mindset and English or Putonghua","Jewellery, watch or retail experience preferred","Company training covers products and basic gemmology","Must explain certificates, fineness and after-sales terms clearly"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"門市應徵 → 產品訓練 → 獨立銷售","titleEn":"Apply to a shop → product training → sell independently","stepsZh":["向珠寶店或品牌應徵銷售職位","學習成色、寶石分類及證書基礎知識","熟習售後流程（改圈、清洗、維修）及保養條款","累積客源後負責高價貨品或轉做主管"],"stepsEn":["Apply to a jewellery shop or brand","Learn fineness, gemstone categories and certificate basics","Master after-sales processes such as resizing, cleaning and repair","Take on higher-value stock or supervisory duties once a client base is built"],"sourceIds":["hkretailOrgHK","hkqf"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"珠寶銷售員","titleEn":"Jewellery sales associate"},{"titleZh":"資深銷售員","titleEn":"Senior sales associate"},{"titleZh":"店務主管","titleEn":"Shop supervisor"},{"titleZh":"店長／區域主管","titleEn":"Store manager / area manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"珠寶銷售員","titleEn":"Jewellery sales associate"},{"titleZh":"資深銷售員","titleEn":"Senior sales associate"},{"titleZh":"店務主管","titleEn":"Shop supervisor"},{"titleZh":"店長／區域主管","titleEn":"Store manager / area manager"}]},{"slug":"fire-department-ambulanceman","titleZh":"消防處救護員","titleEn":"Fire Services Department Ambulanceman","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"救護員屬消防處員佐級，負責院前急救同送院服務；入職要通過體能測驗、視力要求同《基本法及香港國安法》測試，條件以消防處招聘公告為準。","ledeEn":"Ambulancemen are a rank-and-file Fire Services Department post providing pre-hospital care and transport to hospital; entry requires fitness and vision tests and a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass, as advertised.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"當更期間要檢查救護車同器材、熟習急救程序；出車後按調派到現場，評估傷病者情況決定送院先後，並在車上持續監察。交接後要寫記錄同補充耗材，接更時再交班。","bodyEn":"On shift you check the ambulance and equipment and keep your skills current; when called out you proceed as directed, assess patients, decide priorities and keep monitoring en route. After handover you write records, restock consumables and pass information on at shift change."},{"titleZh":"入職要求","titleEn":"Entry requirements","bodyZh":"以消防處招聘公告為準：中學程度、通過體能測驗同視力要求、面試同背景審查；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。入職後須入住學院受訓並通過專業考核。","bodyEn":"As advertised by the department: secondary education, fitness and vision tests, interviews and vetting, plus a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for posts advertised from 1 July 2022. Training is residential at the academy and includes professional assessments."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬按紀律人員薪級表支薪，入職薪點見招聘公告，另有輪班同逾時工作補薪，實際金額以政府公布為準，本站唔列數字。員佐級可經晉升考試轉任救護主任，亦可按年資同考核升任隊目、總隊目等職級，名稱以消防處公布為準。","bodyEn":"Pay follows the Disciplined Services pay scale with the entry point in the recruitment notice plus shift and overtime pay; actual figures are as published and this site prints none. Rank-and-file staff may move into the ambulance officer grade through promotion examinations, or rise through team leader ranks by service and appraisal, with titles as the department publishes."}],"sourceIds":["fsdGovHK","fsdFireman","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括接獲召喚後出車、現場評估傷病者、施行心肺復甦同止血包紮等院前急救、將病人送院並向醫院交接；部分崗位做通訊調派、救護車保養或急救訓練，亦可能參與大型事故同化生輻核事故應變。\n\n入職要求以消防處公布嘅招聘公告為準：一般要求中學程度、通過體能測驗同視力要求、面試同背景審查；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。入職後到消防及救護學院受訓，工作須輪班同應付夜更。","bodyEn":"Daily work covers turning out on calls, assessing patients on scene, giving pre-hospital care such as resuscitation and bleeding control, taking patients to hospital and handing over; some posts cover communications and dispatch, vehicle upkeep or first aid training, and staff may respond to major incidents and chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear events.\n\nEntry follows the department's recruitment notices: secondary education is usual, with fitness and vision tests, interviews and vetting, plus a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022. Recruits train at the Fire and Ambulance Services Academy and work shifts including nights.","payBasisZh":"公務員紀律人員薪級表，入職薪點見消防處招聘公告；另設津貼及逾時工作補薪。本站不列金額。","payBasisEn":"Civil service Disciplined Services pay scale, entry point stated in FSD recruitment notices, plus allowances and overtime pay. This site prints no amounts.","entryZh":["中學程度（以消防處招聘公告為準）","通過入職體能測驗及視力要求","面試及背景審查合格","2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登的公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試"],"entryEn":["Secondary education, as advertised by the department","Pass the entry fitness test and vision requirement","Pass the interview and vetting","Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for posts advertised from 1 July 2022"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"招聘 → 消防及救護學院 → 救護車執勤","titleEn":"Recruitment → academy → ambulance duty","stepsZh":["留意消防處招聘公告並遞交申請","通過體能測驗、面試及背景審查","入職後到消防及救護學院受訓","派駐救護站，按更表出車執勤"],"stepsEn":["Watch the department's recruitment notices and apply","Pass the fitness test, interview and vetting","Train at the Fire and Ambulance Services Academy","Be posted to an ambulance depot and turn out on the roster"],"sourceIds":["fsdGovHK","fsdFireman"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"救護員","titleEn":"Ambulanceman"},{"titleZh":"高級救護員","titleEn":"Senior Ambulanceman"},{"titleZh":"救護隊目","titleEn":"Ambulance Team Leader","noteZh":"職級名稱以消防處公布為準","noteEn":"Titles as published by the department"},{"titleZh":"救護主任","titleEn":"Ambulance Officer","noteZh":"經晉升考試轉主任級","noteEn":"Officer grade by promotion examination"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"救護員","titleEn":"Ambulanceman"},{"titleZh":"高級救護員","titleEn":"Senior Ambulanceman"},{"titleZh":"救護隊目","titleEn":"Ambulance Team Leader"},{"titleZh":"救護主任","titleEn":"Ambulance Officer"}]},{"slug":"registered-chinese-medicine-pharmacist","titleZh":"註冊中藥師","titleEn":"Registered Chinese Medicine Pharmacist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"中藥師（配劑）喺中藥房、中醫診所或藥廠負責中藥材鑑別、配劑同管理。香港冇單一「註冊中藥師」牌照，但中藥經營受《中醫藥條例》規管，中藥商須領牌、中成藥須註冊。","ledeEn":"Chinese medicine dispensers identify and dispense herbs in dispensaries, clinics and manufacturers. Hong Kong has no single registered Chinese medicine pharmacist licence, but Chinese medicine trading is regulated by the Chinese Medicine Ordinance: traders must be licensed and proprietary medicines registered.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"早上多數先整理藥格同補貨，日中按處方配藥、包裝同標籤，亦要處理顧客查詢同訂單。藥材要定期檢查有冇發霉或蟲蛀，發現問題要即刻隔離同報告，唔可以照賣。","bodyEn":"Mornings usually start with tidying herb drawers and restocking, while the day goes into dispensing, packing and labelling to prescriptions and handling customer enquiries and orders. Herbs are checked regularly for mould or insect damage, and anything affected must be isolated and reported rather than sold."},{"titleZh":"入行與規管","titleEn":"Entry and regulation","bodyZh":"入行一般要求中學程度，冇法定牌照；行業資歷可以透過中藥相關課程同資歷架構認可課程累積，部分僱主要求懂得辨認常用中藥材。要開設中藥零售或批發業務，就要按《中醫藥條例》向中藥組申請牌照，負責人及處所須符合規定。","bodyEn":"Entry is usually secondary education with no statutory licence; trade qualifications are built through Chinese medicine courses and Qualifications Framework programmes, and some employers expect familiarity with common herbs. To run a retail or wholesale business, a licence must be obtained from the Chinese Medicines Board under the Ordinance, with the responsible person and premises meeting its requirements."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按店舖類型（老字號中藥房、連鎖店、診所、藥廠）同經驗決定，冇法定薪級；佣金或獎金安排視乎公司，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：配劑員 → 資深配劑／店務主管 → 藥房或診所運作主管，亦可進修中醫藥課程或成為註冊中醫。","bodyEn":"Pay is set by the employer according to the type of business, such as a traditional dispensary, chain, clinic or manufacturer, and experience, with no statutory scale; commission or bonus arrangements vary, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs dispenser, senior dispenser or shop supervisor, then dispensary or clinic operations lead, with the option of further Chinese medicine study or qualifying as a registered practitioner."}],"sourceIds":["cmchOrgHK","hkqf","haGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括按處方配劑（秤藥、分包）、辨認同檢查中藥材品質、管理中藥庫存同儲存條件（防潮、防蟲、溫度）、記錄進出貨，亦要向顧客講解煎藥同服用方法。\n\n規管方面：《中醫藥條例》下，中藥材零售商、批發商同中成藥製造商須向中醫藥管理委員會中藥組領牌，中成藥要註冊，某些毒性或烈性中藥材嘅銷售有限制。診所嘅中醫藥服務由註冊中醫提供，配劑工作按中醫指示進行。","bodyEn":"Daily work covers dispensing to prescriptions by weighing and packing, identifying and checking herb quality, managing stock and storage conditions against damp, insects and heat, keeping stock records, and explaining decoction and dosage to customers.\n\nOn regulation, the Chinese Medicine Ordinance requires retailers, wholesalers and proprietary medicine manufacturers to be licensed by the Chinese Medicines Board of the Chinese Medicine Council, proprietary medicines must be registered, and the sale of certain toxic or potent herbs is restricted. Clinical Chinese medicine is provided by registered Chinese medicine practitioners, with dispensing carried out on their instructions.","payBasisZh":"公營機構按政府薪級表或機構薪酬架構；連鎖中藥房、藥廠及診所由僱主自訂；自設藥房自負成本。本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"Public institutions follow government scales or institutional structures; chains, manufacturers and clinics set their own terms, while shop owners bear their own costs. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["一般要求中學程度；並非法定註冊職銜","中藥零售、批發及中成藥製造須按《中醫藥條例》向中藥組領牌或註冊","部分毒性或烈性中藥材的銷售受條例限制","診所配劑須按註冊中醫指示進行"],"entryEn":["Secondary education is usual; the title is not a statutory registration","Retail, wholesale and proprietary medicine manufacture require a licence or registration from the Chinese Medicines Board","Sale of certain toxic or potent herbs is restricted by the Ordinance","Dispensing in clinics follows the instructions of a registered practitioner"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"配劑員 → 進修 → 專業化","titleEn":"Dispenser → further study → specialisation","stepsZh":["由中藥房或診所配劑員做起","讀中藥相關課程或資歷架構認可課程","負責藥材採購、儲存及品質檢查","進修中醫藥課程或按興趣轉做中藥商管理"],"stepsEn":["Start as a dispenser in a herbal shop or clinic","Take Chinese medicine courses or Qualifications Framework programmes","Take charge of herb purchasing, storage and quality checks","Study further or move into Chinese medicine business management"],"sourceIds":["cmchOrgHK","hkqf"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"配劑員","titleEn":"Dispenser"},{"titleZh":"資深配劑／店務主管","titleEn":"Senior dispenser / shop supervisor"},{"titleZh":"藥房或診所運作主管","titleEn":"Dispensary or clinic operations lead"},{"titleZh":"中藥商管理／註冊中醫（進修後）","titleEn":"Chinese medicine business management / registered practitioner (after study)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"配劑員","titleEn":"Dispenser"},{"titleZh":"資深配劑／店務主管","titleEn":"Senior dispenser / shop supervisor"},{"titleZh":"藥房或診所運作主管","titleEn":"Dispensary or clinic operations lead"},{"titleZh":"中藥商管理／註冊中醫（進修後）","titleEn":"Chinese medicine business management / registered practitioner (after study)"}]},{"slug":"plumber-electrician","titleZh":"水電維修師傅","titleEn":"Plumber & Electrician","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"物業維修常見嘅「水電師傅」其實橫跨兩個法定資格：水務工程要有持牌水喉匠，電力工程要有註冊電業工程人員，兩者唔可以互相代替。","ledeEn":"The plumber-electrician role in property maintenance actually spans two statutory qualifications: water works need a licensed plumber, electrical work needs a registered electrical worker, and neither substitutes for the other.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"物業技工多數輪班或待命，處理住戶報修同突發事件（爆喉、跳掣、水泵故障）；亦要做定期檢查，例如水泵保養、檢查水泵控制箱同記錄讀數，以及配合承辦商做年度檢查。","bodyEn":"Property technicians usually work shifts or standby cover, handling resident repair requests and incidents such as burst pipes, tripped circuits or pump failures, alongside scheduled checks on pumps, control panels and meter readings, and supporting contractors during annual inspections."},{"titleZh":"兩種法定資格嘅界線","titleEn":"Boundaries between the two qualifications","bodyZh":"水務方面：指定供水系統工程須由水務署持牌水喉匠進行或在其督導下進行。電力方面：固定電力裝置工程須由註冊電業工程人員進行。實務上要識停手同轉介，並保留承辦商嘅文件；跨界做咗，出事要負法律責任。","bodyEn":"On water: specified water supply works must be carried out by a Water Supplies Department licensed plumber or under that plumber's supervision. On electricity: fixed installation work must be done by a registered electrical worker. In practice you must know when to stop and refer, keep the contractor's documents, and understand that crossing the line carries legal liability."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬由僱主按日薪或月薪決定，物業管理公司多數另有輪班同待命津貼，安排視乎公司，本站唔估算收入。路線：維修技工 → 水或電註冊技術員 → 物業維修主管 → 設施管理，亦有人考齊兩邊資格做小型工程負責人。","bodyEn":"The employer sets day rates or monthly pay, and property management firms usually add shift and standby allowances on terms that vary, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs maintenance technician, registered water or electrical technician, property maintenance supervisor, then facilities management, and some obtain both qualifications to lead small works."}],"sourceIds":["wsdGovHK","emsdGovHK","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"住宅同物業維修嘅日常工作係：換水龍頭同軟管、通渠、檢查同維修水泵水箱、換燈具、檢查插座同電掣、處理跳掣同滲漏，亦要做簡單紀錄同向管理處匯報。\n\n關鍵係清楚邊啲工序可以自己做、邊啲一定要交畀持牌人：指定供水系統工程要由持牌水喉匠進行；固定電力裝置嘅安裝、維修或改動要由註冊電業工程人員進行。實務上物業管理公司會安排持牌人處理法定工序，一般技工做檢查、清潔、換件同匯報。","bodyEn":"Day-to-day property maintenance covers replacing taps and flexibles, clearing blockages, checking and repairing pumps and tanks, changing light fittings, checking socket outlets and switches, dealing with tripped circuits and leaks, plus simple records and reporting to the management office.\n\nThe key is knowing which items you may handle yourself and which must go to a licence holder: specified water supply works need a licensed plumber, and installing, maintaining or altering fixed electrical installations needs a registered electrical worker. In practice property managers assign statutory items to licence holders while general technicians inspect, clean, replace parts and report.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級，多為日薪或按件計。由僱主或判頭按工程類型、註冊資歷及開工日數決定；自行接案者按報價扣成本。本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale; mostly daily or piece rates set by the employer or subcontractor by type of work, registration held and days worked; contractors deduct their costs from the price. This site prints no income estimate.","entryZh":["物業維修一般要求中三或以上學歷及相關經驗","水務工序：指定供水系統工程須由持牌水喉匠進行","電力工序：固定電力裝置工程須由註冊電業工程人員進行","通常要求持有平安卡等安全訓練證明"],"entryEn":["Property maintenance usually asks for Secondary 3 or above and relevant experience","Water works: specified supply works must be carried out by a licensed plumber","Electrical works: fixed installation work must be done by a registered electrical worker","Safety training such as the construction safety card is normally required"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"維修技工 → 考取法定資格","titleEn":"Maintenance technician → statutory qualification","stepsZh":["由物業維修學徒或技工做起","工作中分辨法定工序並轉介持牌人","按方向考取水喉匠牌照或電業註冊","升任物業維修主管或設施管理"],"stepsEn":["Start as a property maintenance apprentice or technician","Identify statutory items at work and refer them to licence holders","Obtain the plumber licence or electrical registration depending on direction","Move up to property maintenance supervisor or facilities management"],"sourceIds":["wsdGovHK","emsdGovHK"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"維修技工","titleEn":"Maintenance technician"},{"titleZh":"水／電註冊技術員","titleEn":"Registered water or electrical technician"},{"titleZh":"物業維修主管","titleEn":"Property maintenance supervisor"},{"titleZh":"設施管理","titleEn":"Facilities management"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"維修技工","titleEn":"Maintenance technician"},{"titleZh":"水／電註冊技術員","titleEn":"Registered water or electrical technician"},{"titleZh":"物業維修主管","titleEn":"Property maintenance supervisor"},{"titleZh":"設施管理","titleEn":"Facilities management"}]},{"slug":"cosmetics-sales-associate","titleZh":"化妝品銷售員","titleEn":"Cosmetics Sales Associate","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","ledeZh":"化妝品銷售員喺專門店或百貨櫃檯銷售護膚同彩妝產品，兼任試妝同皮膚建議；工作重視產品知識、銷售技巧同服務態度。","ledeEn":"Cosmetics sales associates sell skincare and make-up in boutiques or department store counters, offering testers and skin advice; product knowledge, selling skill and service matter most.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"櫃檯工作以銷售同服務為主：主動接觸客人、了解膚質同過敏情況、示範用法、解釋成分同使用方法；亦要管理存貨同贈品、記錄銷售數據、維持試用裝衛生，符合公司標準。","bodyEn":"Counter work is about selling and service: approaching customers, understanding skin type and sensitivities, demonstrating use and explaining ingredients and application, while managing stock and gift sets, recording sales figures and keeping testers hygienic to company standards."},{"titleZh":"入行與要求","titleEn":"Entry and requirements","bodyZh":"一般要求中學程度、良好服務態度同基本英語或普通話；由僱主提供產品、皮膚知識同銷售訓練。要遵守法例同宣傳守則：唔可以聲稱產品有醫療功效，成分同標籤聲稱須符合規定，遇到皮膚問題應建議客人求醫。","bodyEn":"Secondary education with a service mindset and basic English or Putonghua is usual, with employer training in products, skin knowledge and selling. Legal and advertising codes apply: no medical efficacy claims, compliant ingredient and labelling claims, and customers with skin conditions should be advised to see a doctor."},{"titleZh":"薪酬與晉升","titleEn":"Pay and progression","bodyZh":"薪酬多數係底薪加個人或團隊佣金，冇法定薪級；佣金同達標獎金安排視乎品牌，旺季收入佔比較高，所以本站唔估算收入。路線：化妝品銷售員 → 資深銷售員或櫃長 → 店務主管 → 店長或區域培訓師，亦可轉做美容顧問、產品代表或品牌管理。","bodyEn":"Pay is usually a base plus personal or team commission with no statutory scale; commission and target bonuses vary by brand, and peak seasons weigh heavily, so this site prints no estimate. The route runs cosmetics sales associate, senior associate or counter supervisor, shop supervisor, then store manager or regional trainer, with moves into beauty advising, product representation or brand management."}],"sourceIds":["hkretailOrgHK","hkqf","edbLifePlanning"],"asOf":"2026-09-14","bodyZh":"日常工作包括接待客人同了解需要（膚質、預算、用途）、介紹同試用產品、提供護膚或化妝建議、處理付款同會員登記、補貨同整理陳列、維持櫃檯衛生同試用裝管理；節日促銷同旅遊旺季要配合推廣活動同加班。\n\n入行要求：一般要求中學程度，具備良好服務態度同基本英語或普通話（旅客客源多），僱主會提供產品同品牌訓練；要留意唔可以作醫療或療效宣稱，產品標籤同成分聲稱須符合相關法例同守則。行內亦有美容相關課程同資歷架構認可課程。","bodyEn":"Daily work includes greeting customers and understanding needs in skin type, budget and purpose, presenting and testing products, giving skincare or make-up advice, handling payment and membership sign-up, restocking and tidying displays, and keeping the counter hygienic with testers properly managed; festive promotions and tourist peaks mean campaign work and overtime.\n\nEntry usually needs secondary education with a service mindset and basic English or Putonghua, since many customers are visitors, and employers provide product and brand training. Staff must avoid medical or efficacy claims, and product labelling and ingredient claims must follow the relevant law and codes. Beauty-related and Qualifications Framework courses are also available in the trade.","payBasisZh":"無法定薪級，多為「底薪＋銷售佣金」，比例及達標獎金由僱主設定；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No statutory pay scale; usually a base rate plus sales commission with rates and target bonuses set by the employer. This site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["中學程度，良好服務態度及英語／普通話","由僱主提供產品及品牌訓練","不可作醫療或療效宣稱，須遵守相關法例及守則","能接受輪班、假日及旺季加班"],"entryEn":["Secondary education with a service mindset and English or Putonghua","Employer-provided product and brand training","No medical or efficacy claims; advertising and labelling rules apply","Available for shifts, holidays and peak-season overtime"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"櫃檯應徵 → 產品訓練 → 獨立銷售","titleEn":"Apply to a counter → product training → sell independently","stepsZh":["向品牌專門店或百貨櫃檯應徵","接受產品成分、皮膚知識及銷售技巧訓練","獨立負責客人諮詢、試妝及售後跟進","達成銷售目標後升任櫃長或主管"],"stepsEn":["Apply to a brand boutique or department store counter","Train in ingredients, skin knowledge and selling skills","Handle consultations, makeovers and after-sales follow-up independently","Move up to counter supervisor after meeting sales targets"],"sourceIds":["hkretailOrgHK","hkqf"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"化妝品銷售員","titleEn":"Cosmetics sales associate"},{"titleZh":"資深銷售員／櫃長","titleEn":"Senior associate / counter supervisor"},{"titleZh":"店務主管","titleEn":"Shop supervisor"},{"titleZh":"店長／區域培訓師","titleEn":"Store manager / regional trainer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"化妝品銷售員","titleEn":"Cosmetics sales associate"},{"titleZh":"資深銷售員／櫃長","titleEn":"Senior associate / counter supervisor"},{"titleZh":"店務主管","titleEn":"Shop supervisor"},{"titleZh":"店長／區域培訓師","titleEn":"Store manager / regional trainer"}]},{"slug":"accountant","titleZh":"會計師","titleEn":"Accountant","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"會計師負責記帳、月結年結、編製財務報表同處理稅務申報，亦會做預算、成本分析同內部控制。要正式以會計師身分執業，須完成香港會計師公會嘅專業資格課程、累積認可實務經驗，再註冊成為公會會員。","ledeEn":"Accountants keep the books, run month-end and year-end closing, prepare financial statements and file tax returns, and also handle budgeting, cost analysis and internal controls. To practise formally they must complete the Institute's Qualification Programme, gain approved practical experience and register as a member of the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants.","bodyZh":"會計師嘅日常圍繞數字同制度：處理日常記帳、應收應付、月結同年結，編製財務報表，計算稅款同準備報稅，同時做預算、成本分析同內部控制。喺會計師樓做，會按客戶行業查核帳目；喺企業內部做，就會埋數、向管理層解釋業績，並配合審計同合規要求。工作節奏跟住結帳周期走，年結同報稅季節最忙。\n\n入行嘅硬關卡係註冊。想成為香港會計師公會（HKICPA）會員，要先註冊做專業資格課程（QP）學生，再完成課程、考試同認可實務經驗。QP入學要求係年滿十六歲、品格良好，並持有公會認可院校頒授、達資歷架構第四級或以上嘅高級文憑／副學士學位或同等學歷；非會計主修一樣可以報讀。\n\nQP分成三個階段、共十四個單元加一個Capstone：副學位程度嘅Associate Level（十個單元）、Professional Level（四個單元）同Capstone。實務經驗方面，公會要求最少三年、累計至少五百個工作日嘅相關經驗，每年至少一百三十個工作日，並須在四個選定技術元素各累積最少七十五個工作日；經驗要在公會認可僱主或主管監督下取得，並符合十年追溯期規定。\n\n攞到會員資格後，如要簽發法定審計報告，仲要另外申請執業證書。公會嘅會員條件包括：持認可學位或同等學歷、通過QP、取得符合框架嘅實務經驗、品格良好並適合擔任CPA，以及年滿二十一歲。","bodyEn":"An accountant's day centres on numbers and systems: bookkeeping, receivables and payables, month-end and year-end closing, preparing financial statements, computing tax and preparing filings, alongside budgeting, cost analysis and internal controls. In an accounting firm you examine client accounts by industry; inside a company you close the books, explain results to management and support audit and compliance work. The rhythm follows the reporting cycle, with the year-end and tax season the busiest.\n\nThe hard gate is registration. To become a member of the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (HKICPA) you first register as a Qualification Programme (QP) student, then complete the programme, its examinations and approved practical experience. QP entry requires being aged 16 or above, of good character, and holding a higher diploma or associate degree at QF Level 4 or above (or equivalent) from an institution recognised by the Institute. Non-accounting majors may also apply.\n\nThe QP has three progressive levels with 14 modules plus a Capstone: the Associate Level (10 modules), the Professional Level (four modules) and the Capstone. On experience, the Institute requires a minimum of three years and at least 500 Working Days of relevant experience, at least 130 Working Days a year, and a minimum of 75 Working Days in each of four selected technical elements. The experience must be gained under an authorised employer or supervisor and observed within a 10-year recency rule.\n\nAfter qualifying, signing statutory audit reports requires a separate practising certificate. Membership conditions include holding a recognised degree or equivalent, passing the QP, gaining experience under the framework, being of good character and a fit and proper person to carry the CPA title, and being at least 21 years old.","sections":[{"titleZh":"會計師做啲乜","titleEn":"What accountants do","bodyZh":"會計師嘅工作分兩大方向。喺會計師樓，佢哋按客戶行業查核帳目、計稅同提供諮詢；喺企業或機構內部，就負責日常記帳、月結年結、編製財務報表、做預算同成本分析，同維持內部控制。兩邊都要向管理層或客戶解釋數字，並配合審計同合規要求。工作節奏跟住結帳周期，年結同報稅季節最忙。帳目一般按香港財務報告準則（HKFRS）編製，會員亦須遵守公會嘅《專業會計師道德守則》。","bodyEn":"Accountants work in two broad directions. In a firm they examine client accounts by industry, handle tax and advise; inside a company or institution they keep the books, run month-end and year-end closing, prepare financial statements, budget, analyse costs and maintain internal controls. Either way they explain the numbers to management or clients and support audit and compliance. The rhythm follows the reporting cycle, with year-end and tax season the busiest. Financial statements are generally prepared under Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards (HKFRS), and members must follow the Institute's Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：專業資格課程","titleEn":"The gate: the Qualification Programme","bodyZh":"成為香港會計師公會會員嘅必經之路係專業資格課程（QP）。入學要求為年滿十六歲、品格良好，並持公會認可院校頒授、達資歷架構第四級或以上嘅高級文憑／副學士或同等學歷。QP分Associate Level（十個單元）、Professional Level（四個單元）同Capstone三個階段，共十四個單元加一個Capstone；非會計主修一樣可以報讀。QP由教育、考試同經驗三部分組成，學員須完成工作坊同考試；公會會員亦可透過Global Accounting Alliance同海外會計團體互認。","bodyEn":"The route to HKICPA membership runs through the Qualification Programme (QP). Entry requires being aged 16 or above, of good character, and holding a higher diploma or associate degree at QF Level 4 or above (or equivalent) from an Institute-recognised institution. The QP has three levels, the Associate Level (10 modules), the Professional Level (four modules) and the Capstone — 14 modules plus a Capstone in all. Non-accounting majors may apply. The QP covers education, examination and experience, with students attending workshops and sitting examinations, and members can reach reciprocal membership with overseas accountancy bodies through the Global Accounting Alliance."},{"titleZh":"實務經驗、會員註冊同執業證書","titleEn":"Practical experience, membership and practising certificate","bodyZh":"實務經驗要求最少三年、累計至少五百個工作日，每年至少一百三十個工作日，並須在四個選定技術元素各累積最少七十五個工作日。會員條件包括持認可學歷、通過QP、取得符合框架嘅經驗、品格良好、年滿二十一歲。如要簽發法定審計報告，須另外申請執業證書，並符合《會計及財務匯報局條例》嘅會計經驗要求。","bodyEn":"Practical experience requires a minimum of three years and at least 500 Working Days, at least 130 Working Days a year, and at least 75 Working Days in each of four selected technical elements. Membership conditions include a recognised qualification, passing the QP, experience under the framework, good character and being at least 21. To sign statutory audit reports you must separately apply for a practising certificate and meet the accounting-experience requirements under the AFRC Ordinance. The Institute is the statutory standard-setter for Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards, Hong Kong Standards on Auditing and the Code of Ethics, with independent oversight by the AFRC."}],"payBasisZh":"會計師嘅薪酬由僱主自訂，並無統一嘅法定薪級；實際水平視乎任職機構（會計師樓、企業或公營機構）、年資同職級而定。取得執業證書、自行執業嘅CPA，其收費由市場同客戶協議決定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Accountants' pay is set by employers; there is no unified statutory scale. Actual levels depend on the employing organisation (accounting firm, company or public body), years of service and grade. For CPAs holding a practising certificate and practising on their own account, fees are set by the market and client agreements. No specific figures are listed here.","entryZh":["年滿十六歲、品格良好，持資歷架構第四級或以上（高級文憑／副學士或同等）學歷，方可註冊為QP學生","完成公會專業資格課程（QP）十四個單元連Capstone","取得不少於三年、累計至少五百個工作日嘅認可實務經驗，涵蓋指定技術元素","品格良好、適合擔任CPA，並年滿二十一歲","（如要簽發法定審計報告）另行申請執業證書（Practising Certificate）"],"entryEn":["Aged 16 or above and of good character, holding a qualification at QF Level 4 or above (higher diploma/associate degree or equivalent) to register as a QP student","Complete the Institute's Qualification Programme (QP): 14 modules plus a Capstone","Gain at least three years and a minimum of 500 Working Days of approved practical experience covering the selected technical elements","Be of good character, a fit and proper person to carry the CPA title, and at least 21 years old","(To sign statutory audit reports) apply separately for a Practising Certificate"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"經公會專業資格課程（QP）入行","titleEn":"Enter through the Qualification Programme (QP)","stepsZh":["以資歷架構第四級或以上學歷註冊為QP學生","完成Associate Level、Professional Level同Capstone三階段","在認可僱主或主管監督下累積最少三年實務經驗","通過QP後申請成為公會會員，再按需要申請執業證書"],"stepsEn":["Register as a QP student with a qualification at QF Level 4 or above","Complete the Associate Level, the Professional Level and the Capstone","Build at least three years of practical experience under an authorised employer or supervisor","After passing the QP, apply for membership and, if required, a practising certificate"],"sourceIds":["careers-accountant-1","careers-accountant-2","careers-accountant-3"]},{"titleZh":"以認可會計學位加速","titleEn":"Accelerate with a recognised accounting degree","stepsZh":["入讀公會認可嘅會計或相關學位課程","按課程內容申請副學位程度嘅單元豁免","畢業後完成餘下QP單元並累積實務經驗","成為會員後申請執業證書以簽發審計報告"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in an Institute-accredited accounting or related degree programme","Claim module exemptions at the Associate Level based on the curriculum","After graduation, complete the remaining QP modules and build practical experience","Once a member, apply for a practising certificate to sign audit reports"],"sourceIds":["careers-accountant-1","careers-accountant-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"會計文員／會計助理","titleEn":"Accounting clerk / assistant"},{"titleZh":"會計師（CPA）","titleEn":"Accountant (CPA)"},{"titleZh":"高級會計師","titleEn":"Senior accountant"},{"titleZh":"財務經理","titleEn":"Finance manager"},{"titleZh":"財務總監","titleEn":"Finance director"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"會計文員／會計助理","titleEn":"Accounting clerk / assistant"},{"titleZh":"會計師（CPA）","titleEn":"Accountant (CPA)"},{"titleZh":"高級會計師","titleEn":"Senior accountant"},{"titleZh":"財務經理","titleEn":"Finance manager"},{"titleZh":"財務總監","titleEn":"Finance director"}],"sourceIds":["careers-accountant-1","careers-accountant-2","careers-accountant-3","careers-accountant-4","careers-accountant-5"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"actuary","titleZh":"精算師","titleEn":"Actuary","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"精算師用統計同財務模型評估長期風險，例如保險產品定價、退休金供款同償付能力。入行要通過一連串專業考試，一般需時數年，香港嘅委任精算師亦要符合《保險業（精算師資格）規例》嘅資歷要求。","ledeEn":"Actuaries use statistical and financial models to assess long-term risk such as insurance pricing, pension funding and solvency. Entry runs through a series of professional examinations that usually take several years, and Hong Kong's appointed actuaries must also meet the qualifications set by the Insurance (Actuaries' Qualifications) Regulation.","bodyZh":"精算師嘅工作係把不確定性量化。佢哋用統計同財務模型評估長期風險：為保險產品定價、計算準備金、評估退休金供款同基金償付能力，亦會分析投資回報同死亡率、疾病率等假設。做嘅時候要寫清楚模型假設，向管理層同監管機構解釋結果，並隨住數據更新而修訂模型。\n\n入行嘅硬關卡係專業考試，唔係單靠大學學位。讀完精算學課程唔等於已取得專業資格；畢業生或者可以憑校內成績豁免部分考試科目，但仍要喺在職期間完成餘下嘅專業考試，先成為合資格精算師。業界資料指出，由起步到考獲資格通常需時四至七年。\n\n香港方面，香港精算學會（ASHK）設有本地考試，成為該會院士須取得ASHK考試核心卷同一份選修卷嘅及格，同時持有至少一個指定海外專業資格嘅院士身分，以及該會理事會認可嘅實務經驗；ASHK本地證書係新院士嘅必備條件。要出任保險公司嘅委任精算師，法例要求須為ASHK院士，或持有《保險業（精算師資格）規例》附表所列嘅海外院士資歷，並事先取得保險業監管局嘅認可。","bodyEn":"An actuary's job is to quantify uncertainty. Actuaries use statistical and financial models to assess long-term risk: pricing insurance products, calculating reserves, assessing pension funding and fund solvency, and analysing investment returns alongside assumptions such as mortality and morbidity. The work requires setting out model assumptions clearly, explaining results to management and regulators, and revising models as data changes.\n\nThe hard gate is professional examination, not a university degree alone. Graduating from an actuarial science programme does not make you qualified; a graduate may be granted exemptions from some examination subjects on the strength of university results, but must still complete the remaining professional examinations while working. Industry material notes it usually takes four to seven years to qualify.\n\nIn Hong Kong the Actuarial Society of Hong Kong (ASHK) runs a local examination. Becoming an ASHK Fellow requires passes in the ASHK examination's Core paper and one Elective paper, Fellowship of at least one recognised overseas professional qualification, and practical experience approved by the ASHK Council; the ASHK Certificate is a prerequisite for new Fellows. To be an appointed actuary of an insurer, the law requires being an ASHK Fellow, or holding the overseas fellowships listed in the Schedule to the Insurance (Actuaries' Qualifications) Regulation, with prior approval from the Insurance Authority.","sections":[{"titleZh":"精算師做啲乜","titleEn":"What actuaries do","bodyZh":"精算師用統計同財務模型評估長期風險。常見工作包括為保險產品定價、計算準備金、評估退休金供款同基金償付能力，同分析投資回報、死亡率同疾病率等假設。佢哋要清楚寫出模型假設，向管理層同監管機構解釋結果，並按新數據修訂模型。工作成果直接影響定價、資本同風險管理決策。保險公司嘅委任精算師更須定期就保險負債估值同財務狀況向董事會同保險業監管局提交精算報告。","bodyEn":"Actuaries use statistical and financial models to assess long-term risk. Typical work includes pricing insurance products, calculating reserves, assessing pension funding and fund solvency, and analysing assumptions such as investment returns, mortality and morbidity. They must set out model assumptions clearly, explain results to management and regulators, and revise models as new data arrives. The output directly shapes pricing, capital and risk-management decisions. An insurer's appointed actuary must also report regularly to the board and the Insurance Authority on the valuation of insurance liabilities and the insurer's financial condition."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：專業考試","titleEn":"The gate: professional examinations","bodyZh":"入行嘅硬關卡係專業考試，大學學位並非充分條件。讀完精算學課程唔代表已合資格；畢業生或可憑校內成績豁免部分考試科目，但仍要喺在職期間完成餘下考試。業界資料指出，由起步到考獲資格通常需時四至七年，期間僱主一般會提供課程資助、考試假同導師支援。以香港精算學會（ASHK）嘅本地考試為例，考試以英文進行、採用開卷多項選擇題，每年兩次且不設豁免。","bodyEn":"The hard gate is professional examination; a university degree is not sufficient. Finishing an actuarial science programme does not make you qualified; a graduate may gain exemptions from some subjects on university results, but must still complete the remaining examinations while working. Industry material notes it usually takes four to seven years to qualify, during which employers commonly provide course funding, study leave and mentoring. Taking the Actuarial Society of Hong Kong (ASHK) local examination as an example, it is held in English, uses open-book multiple-choice questions, runs twice a year and offers no exemptions."},{"titleZh":"香港嘅本地資格同委任精算師","titleEn":"Local qualification and appointed actuary in Hong Kong","bodyZh":"香港精算學會（ASHK）設有本地考試。成為ASHK院士須取得核心卷同一份選修卷及格，同時持至少一個指定海外院士資格，並具學會理事會認可嘅實務經驗；ASHK本地證書係新院士嘅必備條件。要出任保險公司委任精算師，須為ASHK院士或持《保險業（精算師資格）規例》附表所列海外資歷，並事先獲保險業監管局認可。","bodyEn":"The Actuarial Society of Hong Kong (ASHK) runs a local examination. Becoming an ASHK Fellow requires passes in the Core paper and one Elective paper, Fellowship of at least one designated overseas qualification, and practical experience approved by the Council; the ASHK Certificate is a prerequisite for new Fellows. To be an insurer's appointed actuary you must be an ASHK Fellow or hold the overseas fellowships listed in the Schedule to the Insurance (Actuaries' Qualifications) Regulation, with the Insurance Authority's prior approval."}],"payBasisZh":"精算師薪酬由僱主自訂，並無法定薪級。水平視乎任職機構（保險公司、再保險公司、顧問公司或公營機構）、專業資歷同職級而定；由合資格院士出任嘅委任精算師，其報酬由聘用條款決定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Actuaries' pay is set by employers; there is no statutory scale. Levels depend on the employing organisation (insurers, reinsurers, consultancies or public bodies), professional qualifications and grade. For a qualified Fellow acting as appointed actuary, remuneration follows the terms of engagement. No specific figures are listed here.","entryZh":["一般須持大學精算、數學、統計或相關學位（屬行業常見起點，並非唯一法定條件）","在職期間通過一連串專業考試（業界資料指通常需時四至七年）","成為香港精算學會院士：通過ASHK考試核心卷及一份選修卷，並持指定海外院士資格","取得該會理事會認可嘅實務經驗","（出任委任精算師）符合《保險業（精算師資格）規例》資歷並獲保險業監管局事先認可"],"entryEn":["Typically a university degree in actuarial science, mathematics, statistics or a related field (a common starting point, not the only legal requirement)","Pass a series of professional examinations while working (industry material indicates four to seven years)","Become an ASHK Fellow: pass the ASHK examination's Core paper and one Elective paper, and hold a designated overseas fellowship","Gain practical experience approved by the ASHK Council","(As appointed actuary) meet the qualifications in the Insurance (Actuaries' Qualifications) Regulation and obtain the Insurance Authority's prior approval"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"大學精算課程加上在職專業考試","titleEn":"University actuarial programme plus professional examinations","stepsZh":["入讀大學精算、數學或相關學位課程","憑校內成績申請豁免部分專業考試科目","入職後在僱主支援下完成餘下專業考試","累積實務經驗並取得院士資格"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in a university actuarial, mathematics or related degree programme","Claim exemptions from some professional examination subjects on university results","Complete the remaining examinations at work with employer support","Build practical experience and obtain fellowship"],"sourceIds":["careers-actuary-1","careers-actuary-2"]},{"titleZh":"考取ASHK本地資格及委任精算師","titleEn":"Obtain the ASHK local qualification and appointed-actuary status","stepsZh":["先成為ASHK會員（院士、特許、準會員或學生會員）","報考ASHK考試核心卷及一份選修卷","同時持指定海外院士資格並累積認可實務經驗","取得ASHK院士身分，按需要申請獲保險業監管局認可出任委任精算師"],"stepsEn":["First become an ASHK member (Fellow, Chartered, Associate or Student Member)","Sit the ASHK examination's Core paper and one Elective paper","Hold a designated overseas fellowship and build approved practical experience","Attain ASHK Fellowship and, if required, seek Insurance Authority approval as appointed actuary"],"sourceIds":["careers-actuary-1","careers-actuary-3","careers-actuary-4"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"精算分析員","titleEn":"Actuarial analyst"},{"titleZh":"精算師（合資格）","titleEn":"Qualified actuary"},{"titleZh":"高級精算師","titleEn":"Senior actuary"},{"titleZh":"精算經理／委任精算師","titleEn":"Actuarial manager / appointed actuary"},{"titleZh":"總精算師","titleEn":"Chief actuary"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"精算分析員","titleEn":"Actuarial analyst"},{"titleZh":"精算師（合資格）","titleEn":"Qualified actuary"},{"titleZh":"高級精算師","titleEn":"Senior actuary"},{"titleZh":"精算經理／委任精算師","titleEn":"Actuarial manager / appointed actuary"},{"titleZh":"總精算師","titleEn":"Chief actuary"}],"sourceIds":["careers-actuary-1","careers-actuary-2","careers-actuary-3","careers-actuary-4","careers-actuary-5"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"aircraft-maintenance-apprentice","titleZh":"飛機維修學徒","titleEn":"Aircraft maintenance apprentice","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","ledeZh":"飛機維修學徒喺認可維修機構跟師傅學習，協助檢查、拆裝零件、清潔同做記錄，同時累積考取HKAR-66飛機維修執照所需嘅經驗。入行一般靠僱主嘅見習計劃，中學文憑畢業即可申請，邊做邊讀兼讀課程。","ledeEn":"Aircraft maintenance apprentices learn under supervision at an approved maintenance organisation, helping with inspections, part removal and refitting, cleaning and records while building the experience needed for their HKAR-66 licence. Entry is usually through an employer's trainee scheme, open to HKDSE graduates who study a part-time course while working.","bodyZh":"飛機維修學徒係維修機構嘅前線培訓職位。日常協助做例行檢查、拆裝同裝配零件、清潔、加油同記錄維修工作，跟住持牌技師完成任務，逐步認識飛機結構、系統同維修程序。工作要輪班，喺機庫或停機坪進行，安全同紀錄要求極高。\n\n入行嘅關卡係見習／學徒計劃同之後嘅執照。以香港飛機工程有限公司（HAECO）嘅飛機維修機械員見習計劃為例，課程為期十二個月，公司會全額資助合資格學員報讀相關兼讀制高級文憑，該課程喺學徒事務專員辦事處註冊。加入註冊學徒計劃嘅學員，須完成香港中學文憑試，並喺五科（包括英文、中文同數學）考獲第二級或以上。\n\n長遠嘅專業資格係民航處發出嘅HKAR-66飛機維修執照。執照分機械同航空電子兩大範疇，並有A、B1、B2、B3、C等類別。以Category A為例，完全冇經驗或正式訓練者須累積三年相關經驗；完成認可技術工種訓練者兩年；完成HKAR-147認可基礎訓練者一年。Category B要求更長經驗，例如B1.1／B1.3／B2喺無經驗情況下需五年。申請人要通過民航處舉辦嘅單元筆試（每個單元最少七十五分及格）同英文論述卷，先可以攞到執照。","bodyEn":"An aircraft maintenance apprentice is a frontline trainee post at a maintenance organisation. Day to day they help with routine inspections, removing and refitting parts, cleaning, lubrication and recording maintenance work, following licensed technicians and gradually learning aircraft structures, systems and procedures. The work is shift-based, in hangars or on the apron, with very high safety and record-keeping standards.\n\nThe gate is the trainee/apprenticeship scheme and, later, the licence. Take HAECO's Aircraft Maintenance Mechanic Trainee (AMMT) Programme: it is a 12-month structured programme, and the company fully subsidises trainees who meet the requirements to pursue a part-time Higher Diploma registered under the Office of the Director of Apprenticeship. Trainees joining the Registered Apprenticeship Scheme must have completed the HKDSE with Level 2 or above in five subjects, including English, Chinese and Mathematics.\n\nThe long-term professional qualification is the Civil Aviation Department's HKAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence. It splits into mechanical and avionic disciplines, with categories A, B1, B2, B3 and C. For Category A, three years of relevant experience is required with no prior experience or formal training; two years with relevant skilled-trade training; and one year after an approved HKAR-147 basic course. Category B requires longer experience — for example B1.1/B1.3/B2 require five years with no prior experience. Applicants must pass the CAD's modular written examinations (a minimum of 75% per examination) and an essay paper before a licence is issued.","sections":[{"titleZh":"學徒日常做啲乜","titleEn":"What apprentices do day to day","bodyZh":"飛機維修學徒喺持牌技師指導下做前線工作：例行檢查、拆裝同裝配零件、清潔、加油同填寫維修記錄，逐步認識飛機結構、系統同維修程序。工作多數要輪班，喺機庫或停機坪進行，安全、程序同紀錄要求極高。學徒會邊做邊學，同時為日後考取HKAR-66執照累積所需經驗。維修工作一般分航線維修同機庫（基地）維修，學徒多數先由航線例行任務做起，再接觸機庫內嘅大型檢查。","bodyEn":"Aircraft maintenance apprentices work on the frontline under licensed technicians: routine inspections, removing and refitting parts, cleaning, lubrication and completing maintenance records, gradually learning aircraft structures, systems and procedures. Much of the work is shift-based in hangars or on the apron, with very high standards of safety, procedure and record-keeping. Apprentices learn on the job while building the experience needed for the HKAR-66 licence. Maintenance work is broadly divided between line maintenance and base (hangar) maintenance, so apprentices usually begin with routine line tasks before moving on to heavier checks in the hangar."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：見習／學徒計劃","titleEn":"The gate: trainee and apprenticeship schemes","bodyZh":"入行主要靠僱主嘅見習計劃。以HAECO嘅飛機維修機械員見習計劃為例，課程為期十二個月，公司全額資助合資格學員報讀相關兼讀制高級文憑，該課程喺學徒事務專員辦事處註冊。加入註冊學徒計劃嘅學員，須完成香港中學文憑試，並喺五科（包括英文、中文同數學）考獲第二級或以上；非學徒見習生則一般只須完成文憑試或同等學歷。","bodyEn":"Entry is mainly through an employer's trainee scheme. Take HAECO's AMMT Programme: a 12-month structured programme under which the company fully subsidises trainees who meet the requirements to pursue a part-time Higher Diploma registered under the Office of the Director of Apprenticeship. Trainees joining the Registered Apprenticeship Scheme must have completed the HKDSE with Level 2 or above in five subjects, including English, Chinese and Mathematics; other trainees generally need only completion of the HKDSE or equivalent. The scheme combines structured on-the-job training with assessment and off-the-job study."},{"titleZh":"HKAR-66執照同經驗要求","titleEn":"The HKAR-66 licence and experience requirements","bodyZh":"長遠嘅專業資格係民航處HKAR-66飛機維修執照，分機械同航空電子範疇，並有A、B1、B2、B3、C等類別。以Category A為例：無經驗或正式訓練者三年、完成認可技術工種訓練者兩年、完成HKAR-147認可基礎訓練者一年。Category B要求更長，例如B1.1／B1.3／B2無經驗時需五年。申請人須通過民航處單元筆試（每單元最少七十五分）同英文論述卷。單元筆試涵蓋數學、物理、電學、材料、維修實務、航空法規、氣動同發動機等，考試及格後成績一般保留十年。","bodyEn":"The long-term professional qualification is the CAD's HKAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence, split into mechanical and avionic disciplines with categories A, B1, B2, B3 and C. For Category A: three years with no prior experience or formal training, two years with recognised skilled-trade training, one year after an approved HKAR-147 basic course. Category B requires longer, e.g. five years for B1.1/B1.3/B2 with no prior experience. Applicants must pass the CAD's modular written examinations (a minimum of 75% per module) and an essay paper."}],"payBasisZh":"學徒同見習生嘅薪酬及訓練津貼由僱主自訂，並無法定薪級；取得HKAR-66執照後，薪酬由維修機構按職級同類別釐定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Apprentice and trainee pay and training allowances are set by the employer, with no statutory scale. Once an HKAR-66 licence is held, pay is determined by the maintenance organisation according to grade and licence category. No specific figures are listed here.","entryZh":["完成香港中學文憑試（或同等學歷）","（註冊學徒計劃）文憑試五科第二級或以上，包括英文、中文同數學","通過僱主嘅見習／學徒計劃遴選","按HKAR-66要求累積相關維修經驗，並通過民航處考試"],"entryEn":["Complete the HKDSE (or equivalent)","(Registered Apprenticeship Scheme) Level 2 or above in five HKDSE subjects, including English, Chinese and Mathematics","Pass the employer's trainee/apprenticeship selection","Build relevant maintenance experience to HKAR-66 requirements and pass the CAD examinations"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"經HAECO見習計劃起步","titleEn":"Start through HAECO's trainee programme","stepsZh":["以中學文憑學歷申請飛機維修機械員見習計劃","完成十二個月結構化訓練同在職培訓","由公司資助報讀兼讀制高級文憑","累積經驗並按HKAR-66要求通過民航處考試"],"stepsEn":["Apply for the Aircraft Maintenance Mechanic Trainee Programme with HKDSE qualifications","Complete the 12-month structured and on-the-job training","Study a company-subsidised part-time Higher Diploma","Build experience and pass the CAD examinations to HKAR-66 requirements"],"sourceIds":["careers-aircraft-maintenance-apprentice-3","careers-aircraft-maintenance-apprentice-1"]},{"titleZh":"學位途徑（AELT）","titleEn":"The degree route (AELT)","stepsZh":["持認可工程學位申請飛機工程執照見習生計劃（AELT）","完成三十六或四十二個月結構化訓練","取得HKAR-66執照相關類別","向持牌飛機維修工程師方向發展"],"stepsEn":["Apply for the Aircraft Engineering Licence Trainee (AELT) Programme with a recognised engineering degree","Complete the structured 36- or 42-month programme","Obtain the relevant HKAR-66 licence category","Progress towards licensed aircraft engineer"],"sourceIds":["careers-aircraft-maintenance-apprentice-3","careers-aircraft-maintenance-apprentice-1"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"飛機維修學徒","titleEn":"Aircraft maintenance apprentice"},{"titleZh":"飛機維修機械員","titleEn":"Aircraft maintenance mechanic"},{"titleZh":"持牌維修技師（Category A）","titleEn":"Licensed technician (Category A)"},{"titleZh":"維修工程師（Category B1／B2）","titleEn":"Certifying engineer (Category B1/B2)"},{"titleZh":"基地維修認證工程師（Category C）","titleEn":"Base maintenance certifying engineer (Category C)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"飛機維修學徒","titleEn":"Aircraft maintenance apprentice"},{"titleZh":"飛機維修機械員","titleEn":"Aircraft maintenance mechanic"},{"titleZh":"持牌維修技師（Category A）","titleEn":"Licensed technician (Category A)"},{"titleZh":"維修工程師（Category B1／B2）","titleEn":"Certifying engineer (Category B1/B2)"},{"titleZh":"基地維修認證工程師（Category C）","titleEn":"Base maintenance certifying engineer (Category C)"}],"sourceIds":["careers-aircraft-maintenance-apprentice-1","careers-aircraft-maintenance-apprentice-2","careers-aircraft-maintenance-apprentice-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"airline-pilot","titleZh":"民航機師","titleEn":"Airline pilot","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","ledeZh":"民航機師按航班計劃飛行，負責起飛、巡航、降落，並應對天氣或機械異常，起飛前要做簡報、計算燃油同檢查飛機。入行嘅關卡係民航處簽發嘅專業機師執照、一級體檢合格證，同埋航空公司嘅招聘同訓練。","ledeEn":"Airline pilots fly to schedule, taking charge of take-off, cruise and landing and handling weather or mechanical irregularities, with pre-flight briefing, fuel calculation and aircraft checks. The gate is a Civil Aviation Department professional pilot licence, a Class 1 medical certificate, and an airline's recruitment and training.","bodyZh":"民航機師嘅核心工作係安全操作航班。起飛前要簡報、計算燃油、檢查飛機同核對飛行計劃；飛行期間操縱飛機、監控系統、通訊同導航，遇到天氣或機械異常要即時判斷同按程序處理。長途航班通常由多人機組輪替。\n\n入行關卡由民航處把關。專業機師牌照分商用機師執照（CPL）、多人制機組機師執照（MPL）同民航運輸機師執照（ATPL）。CPL申請人最少十八歲，ATPL最少二十一歲；三者都要持有效嘅香港一級體檢合格證。飛行經驗方面，CPL（飛機）最少二百五十小時、CPL（直升機）最少一百八十五小時；ATPL（飛機）最少一千五百小時、ATPL（直升機）最少一千二百小時；儀器飛行等級（IR）亦要另計經驗。申請人亦要通過一系列理論筆試，同由民航處授權考官主持嘅一般飛行測試。\n\n多數人嘅實際路線係先加入航空公司嘅見習機師計劃，喺獲批嘅飛行訓練機構完成CPL同IR訓練，再逐步累積時數考取ATPL。航空公司亦會要求應徵者符合其入職條件同通過面試、體檢。業界嘅實務要求（例如時數同證書）以民航處同航空公司公布為準。","bodyEn":"An airline pilot's core job is to operate flights safely. Before departure there is briefing, fuel calculation, aircraft checks and flight-plan verification; in the air the pilot flies the aircraft, monitors systems, and handles communications and navigation, making prompt, procedure-based decisions when weather or mechanical problems arise. Long-haul flights usually rotate among a multi-crew complement.\n\nThe gate is set by the Civil Aviation Department. Professional licences are the Commercial Pilot's Licence (CPL), the Multi-Crew Pilot's Licence (MPL) and the Airline Transport Pilot's Licence (ATPL). A CPL applicant must be at least 18 and an ATPL applicant at least 21; all three require a valid Hong Kong Class 1 medical certificate. On experience, CPL (Aeroplane) needs a minimum of 250 hours and CPL (Helicopter) 185 hours; ATPL (Aeroplane) 1,500 hours and ATPL (Helicopter) 1,200 hours; an Instrument Rating also needs its own experience. Applicants must pass a series of theory examinations and a General Flight Test conducted by a CAD authorised examiner.\n\nMost people's practical route is to join an airline cadet programme, complete CPL and IR training with an approved flying training organisation, then build hours towards an ATPL. Airlines also require candidates to meet their own entry conditions and to pass interviews and medicals. Practical requirements such as hours and certificates are as published by the CAD and the airline.","sections":[{"titleZh":"機師日常做啲乜","titleEn":"What pilots do day to day","bodyZh":"機師起飛前要簡報、計算燃油、檢查飛機同核對飛行計劃；飛行期間操縱飛機、監控系統、通訊同導航。遇到天氣或機械異常，要即時判斷同按程序處理，有時要改航或轉降。長途航班通常由多人機組輪替，機組之間要清晰交接。工作涉及跨時區同不定時輪班，體能同專注力同樣重要。機師亦須持有效嘅考試證明書（C of T）或經驗證明書（C of E）先可以行使執照權利。","bodyEn":"Before departure pilots brief, calculate fuel, check the aircraft and verify the flight plan; in the air they fly the aircraft, monitor systems and handle communications and navigation. When weather or mechanical problems arise they must judge quickly and follow procedures, sometimes diverting or planning an alternate. Long-haul flights usually rotate among a multi-crew complement with clear handovers. The work spans time zones and irregular shifts, so fitness and focus matter as much as technical skill. Pilots must also hold a valid Certificate of Test (C of T) or Certificate of Experience (C of E) to exercise their licence privileges."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：民航處牌照同體檢","titleEn":"The gate: CAD licences and medicals","bodyZh":"專業機師牌照由民航處簽發，分CPL、MPL同ATPL。CPL申請人最少十八歲、ATPL最少二十一歲，全部須持有效香港一級體檢合格證。飛行經驗要求：CPL（飛機）最少二百五十小時、CPL（直升機）最少一百八十五小時；ATPL（飛機）最少一千五百小時、ATPL（直升機）最少一千二百小時。申請人亦要通過理論筆試同一般飛行測試。理論筆試分導航組（航空法、飛行計劃、導航、氣象、無線電）同技術組（飛行原理、機身系統、發動機等）。","bodyEn":"Professional pilot licences are issued by the CAD as CPL, MPL and ATPL. A CPL applicant must be at least 18 and an ATPL applicant at least 21, and all must hold a valid Hong Kong Class 1 medical certificate. Experience requirements: CPL (Aeroplane) a minimum of 250 hours and CPL (Helicopter) 185 hours; ATPL (Aeroplane) 1,500 hours and ATPL (Helicopter) 1,200 hours. Applicants must also pass theory examinations and a General Flight Test. The theory examinations cover a navigation group (aviation law, flight planning, navigation, meteorology, radio aids) and a technical group (principles of flight, airframe systems, engines and more)."},{"titleZh":"由見習機師到ATPL","titleEn":"From cadet to ATPL","bodyZh":"常見路線係先加入航空公司見習機師計劃，喺獲批飛行訓練機構完成CPL同儀器飛行等級（IR）訓練，再逐步累積時數考取ATPL。航空公司亦要求應徵者通過面試同體檢。由見習到機長要按航空公司嘅訓練同考核安排逐步晉升，實際時數同證書要求以民航處同航空公司公布為準。儀器飛行等級（IR）本身要求最少二百五十小時（飛機）或二百小時（直升機）飛行經驗。","bodyEn":"A common route is to join an airline cadet programme, complete CPL and Instrument Rating (IR) training at an approved flying training organisation, then build hours towards an ATPL. Airlines also require candidates to pass interviews and medicals. Progress from cadet to captain follows the airline's training and assessment arrangements, and the actual hour and certificate requirements are as published by the CAD and the airline. An Instrument Rating (IR) itself requires a minimum of 250 flying hours (aeroplanes) or 200 hours (helicopters)."}],"payBasisZh":"民航機師薪酬由航空公司自訂，並無法定薪級；水平視乎航空公司、機型、職級同飛行時數而定，一般按職級同資歷分級。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Airline pilots' pay is set by the airline; there is no statutory scale. Levels depend on the airline, aircraft type, rank and flying hours, and are typically banded by rank and seniority. No specific figures are listed here.","entryZh":["持民航處簽發嘅專業機師執照（CPL／MPL／ATPL）","持有效嘅香港一級體檢合格證","達到對應飛行經驗要求（例如CPL（飛機）最少二百五十小時、ATPL（飛機）最少一千五百小時）","通過民航處理論筆試同一般飛行測試","通過航空公司招聘、面試同訓練"],"entryEn":["Hold a CAD-issued professional pilot licence (CPL/MPL/ATPL)","Hold a valid Hong Kong Class 1 medical certificate","Meet the corresponding flying-experience requirements (e.g. CPL (Aeroplane) a minimum of 250 hours; ATPL (Aeroplane) 1,500 hours)","Pass the CAD theory examinations and the General Flight Test","Pass the airline's recruitment, interviews and training"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"航空公司見習機師計劃","titleEn":"Airline cadet pilot programme","stepsZh":["通過航空公司見習機師遴選同面試","喺獲批飛行訓練機構完成CPL同IR訓練","取得民航處CPL、IR及一級體檢合格證","入職後累積時數並考取ATPL"],"stepsEn":["Pass the airline's cadet selection and interview","Complete CPL and IR training at an approved flying training organisation","Obtain the CAD CPL, IR and Class 1 medical certificate","Build hours on the line and progress towards an ATPL"],"sourceIds":["careers-airline-pilot-1","careers-airline-pilot-2"]},{"titleZh":"自費飛行訓練再累積時數","titleEn":"Self-funded flight training then build hours","stepsZh":["自費入讀獲批飛行訓練機構嘅CPL課程","通過理論筆試同一般飛行測試取得CPL","累積飛行時數並考取儀器飛行等級","達到時數要求後申請ATPL並投考航空公司"],"stepsEn":["Self-fund a CPL course at an approved flying training organisation","Pass the theory examinations and General Flight Test to obtain a CPL","Build flying hours and obtain an Instrument Rating","Once the hours are met, apply for an ATPL and seek airline employment"],"sourceIds":["careers-airline-pilot-1","careers-airline-pilot-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習機師","titleEn":"Cadet pilot"},{"titleZh":"副機師（First Officer）","titleEn":"First Officer"},{"titleZh":"機長（Captain）","titleEn":"Captain"},{"titleZh":"教練機長／檢查機長","titleEn":"Training or check captain"},{"titleZh":"飛行管理層","titleEn":"Flight operations management"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習機師","titleEn":"Cadet pilot"},{"titleZh":"副機師（First Officer）","titleEn":"First Officer"},{"titleZh":"機長（Captain）","titleEn":"Captain"},{"titleZh":"教練機長／檢查機長","titleEn":"Training or check captain"},{"titleZh":"飛行管理層","titleEn":"Flight operations management"}],"sourceIds":["careers-airline-pilot-1","careers-airline-pilot-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"airport-security-officer","titleZh":"機場保安員","titleEn":"Airport security officer","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","ledeZh":"機場保安員喺客運大樓同禁區做旅客同行李安檢、證件查驗、禁區巡邏同處理違規物品。入行嘅法定關卡係《保安及護衛服務條例》下嘅保安人員許可證，須由警務處處長發出，並且每五年續期。","ledeEn":"Airport security officers screen passengers and baggage, check documents, patrol restricted areas and handle prohibited items in the terminal and airside. The legal gate is a Security Personnel Permit under the Security and Guarding Services Ordinance, issued by the Commissioner of Police and renewed every five years.","bodyZh":"機場保安員由機場保安有限公司（AVSECO）等機構聘用，喺香港國際機場範圍提供航空保安服務。工作包括旅客同機組人員保安檢查、行李同貨物X光檢查、登機閘口保安管制、機場禁區出入管制、禁區巡邏同證件查驗，以及各項設施嘅護衛工作。大部分崗位要輪班，喺客運大樓或停機坪執勤，須遵守嚴格程序同紀錄要求。\n\n入行嘅法定關卡係保安人員許可證。根據《保安及護衛服務條例》（第460章），任何人為他人做保安工作以換取報酬，都必須向警務處處長申請許可證；處長會按「適當人選」準則審批，有刑事紀錄唔一定自動被拒，但會逐案考慮。許可證有效期一般為五年，可續期，續期須於期滿前三至六個月內申請。機場保安工作一般屬乙類（一般護衛工作）；申請人須年滿十八歲。\n\n除許可證外，僱主亦會安排入職培訓同在職訓練，內容涵蓋安檢程序、設備操作同應變。實際招聘條件（例如學歷同輪班要求）由僱主公布為準，部分職位要求中五程度。機場保安學院設有航空保安證書（資歷架構第三級）、X射線檢查員同爆炸物痕量探測設備操作員等課程。","bodyEn":"Airport security officers are employed by organisations such as the Aviation Security Company Limited (AVSECO) to provide aviation security across Hong Kong International Airport. The work includes screening passengers and crew, X-ray screening of baggage, cargo and mail, boarding-gate security control, airside access control, restricted-area patrols and document checks, as well as guarding airport facilities. Most posts are shift-based, performed in the terminal or on the apron under strict procedures and record-keeping requirements.\n\nThe legal gate is the Security Personnel Permit. Under the Security and Guarding Services Ordinance (Cap. 460), anyone who does security work for another person for reward must apply to the Commissioner of Police for a permit; the Commissioner assesses whether the applicant is a fit and proper person, and a criminal record does not automatically debar an applicant but is considered case by case. A permit is normally valid for five years and is renewable, with renewal applied for not earlier than six months and not later than three months before expiry. Airport security work generally falls within Category B (general guarding work), and applicants must be at least 18 years old.\n\nBeyond the permit, employers provide induction and on-the-job training covering screening procedures, equipment operation and emergency response. The actual recruitment conditions — such as education and shift requirements — are as published by the employer, with some posts requiring Secondary 5 level.","sections":[{"titleZh":"機場保安員做啲乜","titleEn":"What airport security officers do","bodyZh":"機場保安員喺香港國際機場提供航空保安服務，工作包括旅客同機組人員保安檢查、行李同貨物X光檢查、登機閘口保安管制、機場禁區出入管制、禁區巡邏同證件查驗，以及各項設施嘅護衛工作。大部分崗位要輪班，喺客運大樓或停機坪執勤，須嚴格遵守程序同做好紀錄，遇到違規物品要按指引處理。","bodyEn":"Airport security officers provide aviation security across Hong Kong International Airport, covering passenger and crew screening, X-ray screening of baggage, cargo and mail, boarding-gate security control, airside access control, restricted-area patrols and document checks, as well as guarding facilities. Most posts are shift-based in the terminal or on the apron, requiring strict adherence to procedures and record-keeping, and prohibited items must be handled according to guidelines. Airport security officers must complete employer training, and courses at the AVSECO academy follow the Hong Kong Aviation Security Programme (HKASP) and the Security and Guarding Services Ordinance."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：保安人員許可證","titleEn":"The gate: the Security Personnel Permit","bodyZh":"根據《保安及護衛服務條例》（第460章），任何人為他人做保安工作以換取報酬，必須向警務處處長申請保安人員許可證。處長按「適當人選」準則審批，有刑事紀錄唔一定自動被拒，但會逐案考慮；必要時會轉交保安及護衛業管理委員會處理。許可證一般有效五年，可續期，續期須於期滿前三至六個月內申請。申請人須年滿十八歲。","bodyEn":"Under the Security and Guarding Services Ordinance (Cap. 460), anyone who does security work for another person for reward must apply to the Commissioner of Police for a Security Personnel Permit. The Commissioner assesses whether the applicant is a fit and proper person; a criminal record does not automatically debar an applicant but is considered case by case, and the application may be referred to the Security and Guarding Services Industry Authority. A permit is normally valid for five years and renewable, with renewal applied for not earlier than six months and not later than three months before expiry. Applicants must be at least 18."},{"titleZh":"許可證類別同續期","titleEn":"Permit categories and renewal","bodyZh":"保安工作按許可證分四類：甲類（單一私人住宅樓宇嘅護衛工作）、乙類（一般護衛工作，不包括甲類）、丙類（須攜帶槍械彈藥嘅護衛工作）同丁類（裝置、保養、維修保安裝置或設計含保安裝置嘅系統）。機場保安工作一般屬乙類。除類別外，申請人亦要符合處長指定嘅條件；許可證須按規定續期，並在轉換僱主時按程序通知。","bodyEn":"Security work is licensed in four categories: Category A (guarding a single private residential building), Category B (general guarding work not falling within Category A), Category C (guarding requiring the carrying of arms and ammunition) and Category D (installing, maintaining or repairing a security device, or designing a system incorporating one). Airport security work generally falls within Category B. Applicants must also meet conditions specified by the Commissioner; permits must be renewed as required and employers/employees must notify changes of employment under the procedure."}],"payBasisZh":"機場保安員薪酬由僱主（例如機場保安有限公司）自訂，並無法定薪級；實際水平視乎職級、更份同經驗而定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Airport security officers' pay is set by the employer (for example AVSECO); there is no statutory scale. Actual levels depend on grade, shift pattern and experience. No specific figures are listed here.","entryZh":["持有效嘅保安人員許可證（由警務處處長發出）","年滿十八歲","通過警務處處長嘅「適當人選」審查","機場保安工作一般屬乙類許可證（一般護衛工作）","通過僱主嘅招聘同入職培訓"],"entryEn":["Hold a valid Security Personnel Permit issued by the Commissioner of Police","Be at least 18 years old","Pass the Commissioner of Police's fit-and-proper assessment","Airport security work generally falls within a Category B permit (general guarding work)","Pass the employer's recruitment and induction training"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"先取許可證再入職","titleEn":"Obtain the permit, then join an employer","stepsZh":["向警務處牌照課申請保安人員許可證","通過「適當人選」審查（並按需要完成培訓）","應徵機場保安有限公司等機構嘅保安員職位","完成入職同在職培訓後正式執勤"],"stepsEn":["Apply to the Police Licensing Office for a Security Personnel Permit","Pass the fit-and-proper assessment (and complete training as required)","Apply to organisations such as AVSECO for a security officer post","Complete induction and on-the-job training before going on duty"],"sourceIds":["careers-airport-security-officer-1","careers-airport-security-officer-2"]},{"titleZh":"由前線晉升督導","titleEn":"Progress from the frontline to supervision","stepsZh":["入職為機場保安員並累積前線經驗","掌握各類安檢設備同程序","按表現同空缺晉升為督導／主管","續期許可證並持續接受在職訓練"],"stepsEn":["Join as an airport security officer and build frontline experience","Master the various screening equipment and procedures","Progress to supervisor/manager subject to performance and vacancies","Renew the permit and continue on-the-job training"],"sourceIds":["careers-airport-security-officer-3","careers-airport-security-officer-1"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"保安員","titleEn":"Security officer"},{"titleZh":"高級保安員","titleEn":"Senior security officer"},{"titleZh":"航空安檢督導","titleEn":"Aviation security supervisor"},{"titleZh":"保安主管","titleEn":"Security supervisor"},{"titleZh":"保安經理","titleEn":"Security manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"保安員","titleEn":"Security officer"},{"titleZh":"高級保安員","titleEn":"Senior security officer"},{"titleZh":"航空安檢督導","titleEn":"Aviation security supervisor"},{"titleZh":"保安主管","titleEn":"Security supervisor"},{"titleZh":"保安經理","titleEn":"Security manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-airport-security-officer-1","careers-airport-security-officer-2","careers-airport-security-officer-3","careers-airport-security-officer-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"arbitrator","titleZh":"仲裁員","titleEn":"Arbitrator","industryZh":"法律","industryEn":"Law","sectorId":"law","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"按仲裁協議審理商業爭議、主持聆訊並作出有約束力嘅裁決。香港並無訂立仲裁員嘅法定資格門檻，資格一般由當事方約定，或交由仲裁機構按經驗評審。","ledeEn":"Hears commercial disputes under an arbitration agreement, runs hearings and issues a binding award. Hong Kong sets no statutory eligibility criteria for arbitrators; qualification is agreed by the parties or assessed by an institution on experience.","bodyZh":"仲裁員按雙方嘅仲裁協議解決爭議：審閱文件同證據、主持聆訊、聽取雙方陳詞，再作出對雙方有約束力嘅裁決，並處理程序同裁決執行等事宜。仲裁強調獨立、公正同效率，仲裁員須披露任何可能影響公正嘅情況，並遵守機構嘅行為守則。\n\n香港嘅特點係《仲裁條例》（第609章）並無就仲裁員訂立法定資格要求。條例第24條訂明，除非雙方另有協議，否則任何人唔會單憑國籍而被排除出任仲裁員。換言之，資格係由雙方自行約定，例如要求特定專業背景、行業經驗或語言能力，或者交由指定嘅仲裁機構決定。\n\n實務上，好多仲裁員透過機構名冊取得委任。香港國際仲裁中心（HKIAC）設有仲裁員名冊（Panel）同仲裁員名單（List）。列入名冊者須展示豐富嘅仲裁員經驗、曾以獨任或仲裁庭成員身分草擬多份國際仲裁裁決，同具備顯著嘅裁決書撰寫經驗；名單就適合喺仲裁領域有相當經驗、但未必有好多委任嘅人士。名冊任期五年、名單任期三年，均於最後一年嘅十二月三十一日屆滿，須續期，申請由HKIAC嘅委任委員會評審。","bodyEn":"An arbitrator resolves disputes under the parties' arbitration agreement: reviewing documents and evidence, running hearings, hearing submissions, and issuing an award binding on both sides, while handling procedure and enforcement. Arbitration stresses independence, impartiality and efficiency, and arbitrators must disclose anything that might affect their impartiality and observe the institution's code of conduct.\n\nHong Kong's defining feature is that the Arbitration Ordinance (Cap. 609) sets no statutory eligibility criteria for arbitrators. Section 24 provides that, unless the parties agree otherwise, no person is precluded from acting as an arbitrator by reason of nationality. Qualification is therefore agreed by the parties themselves, for example a particular professional background, industry experience or language, or left to a named arbitration institution.\n\nIn practice, many arbitrators obtain appointments through institutional panels. The Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) maintains both a Panel of Arbitrators and a List of Arbitrators. Panel members are senior figures in the arbitration community who have been appointed in multiple disputes and have significant experience in award drafting; the List suits those with significant experience in arbitration who may not yet have had many appointments. Panel membership runs for five years and List membership for three, both ending on 31 December of the final year, and must be renewed. Applications are assessed by HKIAC's Appointments Committee.","sections":[{"titleZh":"仲裁員做啲乜","titleEn":"What arbitrators do","bodyZh":"仲裁員按雙方仲裁協議審理爭議：審閱文件同證據、主持聆訊、聽取雙方陳詞，再作出對雙方有約束力嘅裁決，並處理程序同裁決執行等事宜。仲裁強調獨立、公正同效率，裁決一般不可上訴，除非涉及有限度嘅法律問題。聆訊可以用文件方式進行，亦可以傳召證人，視乎程序安排。仲裁員亦要披露可能影響公正嘅情況，並遵守機構嘅行為守則。","bodyEn":"Arbitrators hear disputes under the parties' arbitration agreement: reviewing documents and evidence, running hearings, hearing submissions, and issuing an award binding on both sides, while handling procedure and enforcement. Arbitration emphasises independence, impartiality and efficiency, and awards are generally not subject to appeal save on limited questions of law. Hearings may proceed on documents only or with witnesses, depending on the procedure adopted. Arbitrators must also disclose circumstances that might affect their impartiality and follow the institution's code of conduct."},{"titleZh":"香港仲裁嘅法定框架","titleEn":"The statutory framework in Hong Kong","bodyZh":"《仲裁條例》（第609章）並無就仲裁員訂立法定資格要求。條例第24條訂明，除非雙方另有協議，否則任何人唔會單憑國籍而被排除出任仲裁員。呢個設計體現咗仲裁嘅契約性質：資格由當事方按爭議嘅需要自行約定，例如要求特定專業背景、行業經驗或語言能力；當事方亦可交由常設機構嘅規則去決定委任。同法院法官唔同，仲裁員係由當事方揀選，佢哋亦可以決定由幾多位仲裁員審理案件。","bodyEn":"The Arbitration Ordinance (Cap. 609) imposes no statutory eligibility criteria on arbitrators. Section 24 provides that, unless the parties agree otherwise, no person is precluded from acting as an arbitrator by reason of nationality. This reflects the contractual nature of arbitration: qualification is agreed by the parties to suit the dispute, for example a particular professional background, industry experience or language, and the parties may leave appointment to the rules of an institution. Unlike court judges, arbitrators are chosen by the parties, and the parties may decide how many arbitrators will hear the case."},{"titleZh":"點樣加入機構名冊","titleEn":"Joining an institutional panel","bodyZh":"香港國際仲裁中心（HKIAC）設有仲裁員名冊（Panel）同仲裁員名單（List）。申請列入名冊者，須展示豐富嘅仲裁員經驗、曾以獨任或仲裁庭成員身分草擬多份國際仲裁裁決，同具備顯著嘅裁決書撰寫經驗；名單就適合喺仲裁領域有相當經驗、但未必有好多委任嘅人士。名冊任期五年、名單任期三年，同樣要提交推薦同確認沒有失當行為；申請由HKIAC委任委員會評審，委員會亦有權將仲裁員從名冊或名單中移除。","bodyEn":"The Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) maintains both a Panel and a List of Arbitrators. Panel membership is for those who have demonstrated particular experience acting as arbitrator, been appointed in multiple disputes and have significant experience in award drafting; the List suits people with significant experience in arbitration who may not yet have had many appointments. Membership runs for five years (Panel) or three years (List), ending on 31 December of the final year, and applicants must provide references and confirm no misconduct. Applications are assessed by HKIAC's Appointments Committee, which may also remove an arbitrator from the Panel or List."}],"payBasisZh":"仲裁員唔係受僱職位，收費由當事方同仲裁員協定，或依所屬機構（例如香港國際仲裁中心）嘅仲裁規則釐定，並無統一嘅法定薪級表。實際水平由市場同機構規則決定，本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Arbitrators are not employees. Their fees are agreed between the parties and the arbitrator, or set under the rules of the administering institution, such as the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre. There is no single statutory pay scale; the level follows market practice and institutional rules, and no figures are listed here.","entryZh":["香港法例並無就仲裁員訂立法定資格門檻（第609章第24條）","資格一般由當事方喺仲裁協議中約定，或交由指定嘅仲裁機構決定","獲機構委任者通常須具備豐富仲裁經驗同裁決書撰寫經驗","（HKIAC名冊）展示豐富仲裁員經驗，並曾草擬多份國際仲裁裁決（提交兩份經匿名處理版本）","（HKIAC名單）具備至少五年全職仲裁經驗（或同等），並草擬過兩份裁決","提供兩封推薦信同確認沒有失當行為"],"entryEn":["No statutory eligibility criteria for arbitrators under Hong Kong law (Cap. 609, section 24)","Qualification is generally agreed by the parties in the arbitration agreement, or left to a designated arbitration institution","Those appointed through institutions usually need substantial arbitration experience and award-drafting experience","(HKIAC Panel) substantial experience as arbitrator and multiple international awards drafted (two sanitised copies submitted)","(HKIAC List) at least five years of full-time arbitration experience (or equivalent) and two awards drafted","Two written references and confirmation of no misconduct"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由專業背景轉入仲裁","titleEn":"Move into arbitration from a professional background","stepsZh":["累積相關專業或法律背景（例如律師、工程師、會計師或其他行業專才）","以仲裁庭成員或獨任仲裁員身分參與仲裁，累積經驗","草擬裁決書並整理具代表性嘅案例","向仲裁機構申請列入名冊或名單"],"stepsEn":["Build a relevant professional or legal background (for example as a lawyer, engineer, accountant or industry specialist)","Gain experience sitting on tribunals or as sole arbitrator","Draft awards and compile representative cases","Apply to an arbitration institution for inclusion on its Panel or List"],"sourceIds":["careers-arbitrator-1","careers-arbitrator-2"]},{"titleZh":"經機構規則由當事方委任","titleEn":"Appointment by the parties under institutional rules","stepsZh":["當事方喺仲裁協議約定仲裁員嘅資格","由雙方直接委任，或由HKIAC等機構代為委任","如由機構委任，機構會考慮當事方約定嘅資格同案件需要","獲委任後簽署獨立公正聲明，並披露利益衝突"],"stepsEn":["The parties agree the arbitrator's qualifications in the arbitration agreement","Appointment is made directly by the parties, or by an institution such as HKIAC","Where an institution appoints, it considers the parties' agreed qualifications and the needs of the case","On appointment the arbitrator signs a declaration of independence and impartiality and discloses conflicts"],"sourceIds":["careers-arbitrator-1","careers-arbitrator-3"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"仲裁員（個案委任）","titleEn":"Arbitrator (case appointment)"},{"titleZh":"仲裁庭主席","titleEn":"Presiding arbitrator"},{"titleZh":"仲裁機構名單成員","titleEn":"Member of an institution's List of Arbitrators"},{"titleZh":"仲裁機構名冊成員","titleEn":"Member of an institution's Panel of Arbitrators"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"仲裁員（個案委任）","titleEn":"Arbitrator (case appointment)"},{"titleZh":"仲裁庭主席","titleEn":"Presiding arbitrator"},{"titleZh":"仲裁機構名單成員","titleEn":"Member of an institution's List of Arbitrators"},{"titleZh":"仲裁機構名冊成員","titleEn":"Member of an institution's Panel of Arbitrators"}],"sourceIds":["careers-arbitrator-1","careers-arbitrator-2","careers-arbitrator-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"arborist","titleZh":"樹藝師","titleEn":"Arborist","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","ledeZh":"評估樹木健康同結構風險、建議修剪或移除、監督樹木工程同撰寫報告，風季前加強巡查。入行按學歷、專業資歷、培訓同工作經驗，向發展局嘅自願性註冊制度申請。","ledeEn":"Assesses tree health and structural risk, recommends pruning or removal, supervises tree works and writes reports, with extra surveys before the typhoon season. Entry runs through the Development Bureau's voluntary registration scheme, based on academic, professional, training and work-experience criteria.","bodyZh":"樹藝師負責評估樹木嘅健康同結構風險，建議修剪、支撐或移除方案，監督樹木工程，並撰寫檢查同風險評估報告。喺風季前，佢哋要為樹木做風險巡查，辨認有潛在危險嘅樹木，減低塌樹風險。工作經常要戶外進行，亦要同物業管理、承建商同政府部門協調。\n\n香港嘅執業門檻唔係法定牌照，而係發展局嘅自願性「樹木管理人員註冊制度」。制度由綠化、園境及樹木管理組管理，涵蓋樹藝師、樹木風險評估員、樹木工作監督、攀樹員同鏈鋸操作員五類人員，鼓勵合資格嘅在職從業員登記。\n\n以樹藝師為例，註冊要求分四方面：學歷資歷（樹藝學、樹木管理、樹木風險評估或園境管理嘅專業證書、高級文憑或以上，達資歷架構第四級或以上）、專業資歷（例如國際樹木學會嘅註冊樹藝師、英國樹木學會嘅技術／專業／院士會員等認可資歷）、培訓資歷（完成並通過樹木管理辦事處嘅樹木風險評估及管理課程或認可課程），同職安健訓練資歷；再加上指定年數嘅樹木護養工作經驗。申請人須年滿18歲同為香港居民。","bodyEn":"An arborist assesses the health and structural risk of trees, recommends pruning, support or removal, supervises tree works and writes inspection and risk-assessment reports. Before the typhoon season, arborists carry out risk surveys, identify potentially hazardous trees and help reduce the risk of tree failure. The work is largely outdoors and involves coordinating with property managers, contractors and government departments.\n\nIn Hong Kong the gate is not a statutory licence but the Development Bureau's voluntary Registration Scheme for Tree Management Personnel, administered by the Greening, Landscape and Tree Management Section. It covers five categories: arborists, tree risk assessors, tree work supervisors, climbers and chainsaw operators, and encourages qualified serving practitioners to register.\n\nFor an arborist, registration has four strands: academic qualification (a professional certificate, higher diploma or above in arboriculture, tree management, tree risk assessment or landscape management at QF Level 4 or above); professional qualification (such as the International Society of Arboriculture's Certified Arborist, or the Arboricultural Association's Technician, Professional or Fellow membership); training (completing and passing the Tree Management Office's tree risk assessment and management course, or a recognised equivalent); and occupational safety and health training, plus the specified years of tree-care work experience. Applicants must be aged 18 or above and be a Hong Kong resident.","sections":[{"titleZh":"樹藝師做啲乜","titleEn":"What an arborist does","bodyZh":"樹藝師評估樹木嘅健康同結構風險，建議修剪、支撐或移除，監督樹木工程，並撰寫檢查同風險評估報告。風季前要為樹木做風險巡查，辨認有潛在危險嘅樹木。工作大部分時間喺戶外，須同物業管理、承建商同政府部門協調，亦要熟悉攀樹、鏈鋸等相關工序以了解現場風險。報告往往係業主同管理人員決定保留、修剪或移除一棵樹嘅依據。","bodyEn":"An arborist assesses tree health and structural risk, recommends pruning, support or removal, supervises tree works and writes inspection and risk-assessment reports. Before the typhoon season, arborists conduct risk surveys and identify potentially hazardous trees. Much of the work is outdoors and involves coordinating with property managers, contractors and government departments; an arborist also needs to understand related operations such as climbing and chainsaw work in order to judge on-site risk. Reports often underpin an owner's or manager's decision on whether to retain, prune or remove a tree."},{"titleZh":"註冊要求","titleEn":"Registration requirements","bodyZh":"樹藝師註冊要求分四方面：一，學歷資歷——樹藝學、樹木管理、樹木風險評估或園境管理嘅專業證書、高級文憑或以上，達資歷架構第四級或以上；二，專業資歷——例如國際樹木學會嘅註冊樹藝師、英國樹木學會嘅技術／專業／院士會員等；三，培訓資歷——完成並通過樹木管理辦事處嘅樹木風險評估及管理訓練課程，或認可課程；四，職安健訓練資歷。另加指定年數嘅樹木護養工作經驗，並須年滿18歲同為香港居民。","bodyEn":"Arborist registration has four strands. Academic qualification means a professional certificate, higher diploma or above in arboriculture, tree management, tree risk assessment or landscape management at QF Level 4 or above. Professional qualification includes, for example, the International Society of Arboriculture's Certified Arborist or the Arboricultural Association's Technician, Professional or Fellow membership. Training means completing and passing the Tree Management Office's tree risk assessment and management course or a recognised equivalent. And there is occupational safety and health training. On top of these, the applicant needs the specified years of tree-care work experience, must be aged 18 or above and must be a Hong Kong resident."},{"titleZh":"續期同持續進修","titleEn":"Renewal and continuing development","bodyZh":"每次註冊同續期嘅有效期係三年。想續期嘅註冊樹木管理人員，須出示現時註冊有效期屆滿前三年內、為期至少一年半嘅在職記錄，同喺同一時段符合相關持續進修樹藝學要求嘅記錄。續期可於有效期屆滿前至少十個星期提出申請。註冊人亦要喺註冊期內保持專業資歷有效，並遵守行為守則；表現監察機制確保佢哋維持應有水平。","bodyEn":"Each registration and renewal is valid for three years. To renew, a registered tree management person must show at least 18 months of in-job records within the three years before expiry, together with records of meeting the relevant arboricultural continuing-development requirements over the same period. Renewal may be applied for at least 10 weeks before expiry. Registered persons must also keep their professional qualification valid during the registration period and follow the code of conduct; a performance-monitoring mechanism helps maintain the required standard."}],"payBasisZh":"樹藝師唔係公務員統一薪級嘅職位，收入由僱主（私人公司、物業管理、承建商或政府部門）按市場同資歷釐定；政府並無就私營樹藝師訂立公開薪酬表。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Arborists are not on a single civil-service pay scale; pay is set by the employer (a private firm, property manager, contractor or government department) according to the market and the person's qualifications. The Government does not publish a pay scale for private-sector arborists, and no figures are listed here.","entryZh":["年滿18歲同為香港居民","持有樹藝學、樹木管理、樹木風險評估或園境管理嘅專業證書、高級文憑或以上（資歷架構第四級或以上）","持有認可專業資歷（例如國際樹木學會註冊樹藝師、英國樹木學會技術／專業／院士會員等）","完成並通過樹木管理辦事處嘅樹木風險評估及管理訓練課程或認可課程","具備與樹木作業相關嘅職安健訓練","具備指定年數嘅樹木護養相關工作經驗（按資歷級別由三至六年不等）"],"entryEn":["Aged 18 or above and a Hong Kong resident","A professional certificate, higher diploma or above in arboriculture, tree management, tree risk assessment or landscape management (QF Level 4 or above)","A recognised professional qualification (e.g. ISA Certified Arborist; Arboricultural Association Technician, Professional or Fellow membership)","Completion of and a pass in the Tree Management Office's tree risk assessment and management course or a recognised equivalent","Occupational safety and health training related to tree work","The specified years of tree-care work experience (three to six years depending on qualification level)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由認可課程同見習計劃起步","titleEn":"Start from a recognised course and a trainee scheme","stepsZh":["修讀樹藝、樹木管理或園境相關嘅認可課程（資歷架構第四級或以上）","累積樹木護養相關工作經驗，或參加城市林務發展基金嘅樹藝師見習生培訓計劃","考取國際樹木學會或英國樹木學會等認可專業資歷","完成樹木管理辦事處嘅樹木風險評估課程同職安健訓練","向綠化、園境及樹木管理組申請註冊為樹藝師"],"stepsEn":["Complete a recognised course in arboriculture, tree management or landscape (QF Level 4 or above)","Build tree-care work experience, or join the Urban Forestry Support Fund's arborist trainee scheme","Obtain a recognised professional qualification such as ISA Certified Arborist or Arboricultural Association membership","Complete the Tree Management Office's tree risk assessment course and OSH training","Apply to the Greening, Landscape and Tree Management Section to register as an arborist"],"sourceIds":["careers-arborist-1","careers-arborist-2"]},{"titleZh":"由樹木工作崗位晉升","titleEn":"Progress from a tree work role","stepsZh":["由攀樹員、樹木工作監督或鏈鋸操作員等崗位入行","熟習樹木檢查、風險評估同樹木工程監督","補足學歷、專業資歷同培訓要求","申請註冊為樹藝師"],"stepsEn":["Enter through a role such as climber, tree work supervisor or chainsaw operator","Gain familiarity with tree inspection, risk assessment and supervising tree works","Complete the required academic, professional and training qualifications","Apply to register as an arborist"],"sourceIds":["careers-arborist-1"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"樹木工作監督／攀樹員","titleEn":"Tree work supervisor / climber"},{"titleZh":"樹木風險評估員","titleEn":"Tree risk assessor"},{"titleZh":"樹藝師","titleEn":"Arborist"},{"titleZh":"高級／顧問樹藝師","titleEn":"Senior / consulting arborist"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"樹木工作監督／攀樹員","titleEn":"Tree work supervisor / climber"},{"titleZh":"樹木風險評估員","titleEn":"Tree risk assessor"},{"titleZh":"樹藝師","titleEn":"Arborist"},{"titleZh":"高級／顧問樹藝師","titleEn":"Senior / consulting arborist"}],"sourceIds":["careers-arborist-1","careers-arborist-2","careers-arborist-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"architect","titleZh":"建築師","titleEn":"Architect","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"設計樓宇同空間，統籌則師圖、處理入則同審批，協調結構、機電同承建商，並喺施工期間監督設計落實。喺香港用「建築師」名銜，須向建築師註冊管理局註冊。","ledeEn":"Designs buildings and spaces, coordinates the drawing set, handles submissions and approvals, works with structural, services and construction teams, and supervises design during construction. Using the title 'architect' in Hong Kong requires registration with the Architects Registration Board.","bodyZh":"建築師負責設計樓宇同空間，統籌則師圖，處理入則同審批程序，協調結構、機電同承建商，並喺施工期間監督設計落實。工作唔止畫圖，仲包括研究法規、平衡可持續設計、成本同工期，同向客戶解釋方案。\n\n喺香港，「建築師」係受法定規管嘅名銜。《建築師註冊條例》（第408章）第13(1)條列明，註冊管理局唔會把某人註冊為註冊建築師，除非佢係香港建築師學會會員（或管理局接納、水準不低於學會會員嘅其他建築團體會員），並喺申請前已喺香港取得一年有關專業經驗、通常居於香港、唔受第IV部研訊或紀律制裁命令限制、以書面聲明佢有能力執業，同屬適當人選。註冊後先可以用「建築師」或「註冊建築師」名銜。\n\n要成為學會會員，主流路徑係完成獲認可嘅建築專業課程，再通過香港建築師學會／建築師註冊管理局嘅專業評審（Professional Assessment）。評審設有多份試卷，考生必須累積認可實務經驗先可以報考：Papers 3、4、5須至少12個月，Papers 1、2、6、7、8則須至少24個月，當中包括最少12個月喺香港嘅A類實務經驗。此外，註冊建築師亦可根據《建築物條例》註冊為認可人士，代業主向屋宇署呈交建築圖則。","bodyEn":"An architect designs buildings and spaces, coordinates the drawing set, handles submissions and approval procedures, works with structural, building-services and construction teams, and supervises design during construction. The job is more than drawing: it involves studying regulations, balancing sustainability with cost and programme, and explaining options to clients.\n\nIn Hong Kong, 'architect' is a statutorily regulated title. Section 13(1) of the Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408) provides that the Board shall not register a person as a registered architect unless the person is a member of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects (or of another architectural body accepted by the Board as being of a standard not less than that of a member of the Institute); has had one year's relevant professional experience in Hong Kong before the date of application; is ordinarily resident in Hong Kong; is not the subject of an inquiry committee or a disciplinary order under Part IV that precludes registration; satisfies the Board by written declaration that the person is competent to practise as an architect; and is a fit and proper person. Only after registration may a person use the title 'architect' or 'registered architect'.\n\nTo become a member of the Institute, the mainstream route is to complete an accredited professional architectural programme and then pass the HKIA/ARB Professional Assessment. The assessment comprises several papers, and candidates must accumulate recognised practical experience before sitting them: at least 12 months for Papers 3, 4 and 5, and at least 24 months for Papers 1, 2, 6, 7 and 8, including at least 12 months of mandatory 'Category A' local practical experience.","sections":[{"titleZh":"建築師做啲乜","titleEn":"What architects do","bodyZh":"建築師負責設計樓宇同空間，統籌則師圖，處理入則同審批程序，協調結構、機電同承建商，並喺施工期間監督設計落實。工作唔止畫圖，仲包括研究法規同規劃要求、平衡可持續設計、成本同工期，同向客戶解釋方案。建築師亦要同測量師、工程師同其他專業協調，確保設計符合法例同安全要求。同遵守專業操守。","bodyEn":"An architect designs buildings and spaces, coordinates the drawing set, handles submissions and approvals, works with structural, building-services and construction teams, and supervises design during construction. The job goes beyond drawing: it involves studying statutory and planning requirements, balancing sustainability with cost and programme, and explaining options to clients. Architects also coordinate with surveyors, engineers and other professionals to ensure the design complies with the law and meets safety requirements. Registered architects must also observe professional conduct requirements set by the Board."},{"titleZh":"註冊同法定名銜","titleEn":"Registration and the statutory title","bodyZh":"喺香港，「建築師」係受法定規管嘅名銜。根據《建築師註冊條例》（第408章）第13(1)條，註冊管理局唔會把某人註冊為註冊建築師，除非佢係香港建築師學會會員（或管理局接納、水準不低於學會會員嘅其他建築團體會員）、喺申請前已喺香港取得一年有關專業經驗、通常居於香港、唔受第IV部研訊或紀律制裁命令限制、以書面聲明有能力執業，同屬適當人選。註冊後先可以用「建築師」或「註冊建築師」名銜，名字亦會載入公開名冊。","bodyEn":"In Hong Kong, 'architect' is a statutorily regulated title. Under section 13(1) of the Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 408), the Board shall not register a person as a registered architect unless the person is a member of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects (or another architectural body accepted by the Board as being of not less than that standard); has had one year's relevant professional experience in Hong Kong before applying; is ordinarily resident in Hong Kong; is not precluded by an inquiry committee or disciplinary order under Part IV; has declared in writing that the person is competent to practise; and is a fit and proper person. Only after registration may the title 'architect' or 'registered architect' be used, and the name is entered in the public register."},{"titleZh":"專業評審同實務經驗","titleEn":"Professional Assessment and practical experience","bodyZh":"要成為學會會員，主流路徑係完成獲認可嘅建築專業課程，再通過香港建築師學會／建築師註冊管理局嘅專業評審。評審設有多份試卷，考生必須累積認可實務經驗先可以報考：Papers 3、4、5須至少12個月，Papers 1、2、6、7、8則須至少24個月，當中包括最少12個月喺香港嘅A類實務經驗。實務經驗一般要喺註冊建築師直接監督下嘅建築師事務所累積。","bodyEn":"To become a member of the Institute, the mainstream route is to complete an accredited professional architectural programme and then pass the HKIA/ARB Professional Assessment. The assessment comprises several papers, and candidates must accumulate recognised practical experience before sitting them: at least 12 months for Papers 3, 4 and 5, and at least 24 months for Papers 1, 2, 6, 7 and 8, including at least 12 months of mandatory 'Category A' local practical experience. Practical experience is normally gained in an architectural practice under the direct supervision of a registered architect."}],"payBasisZh":"建築師唔係公務員統一薪級嘅工種，收入由僱主（建築師事務所、發展商或政府部門）同市場釐定；政府並無就私營建築師訂立公開薪酬表。政府建築師職位則按公務員薪級安排。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Architects are not on a single civil-service pay scale; pay is set by the employer (an architectural practice, developer or government department) and the market. The Government does not publish a pay scale for private-sector architects. Government architect posts follow the civil-service pay structure. No figures are listed here.","entryZh":["完成獲香港建築師學會／建築師註冊管理局認可嘅建築專業課程","累積認可實務經驗（Papers 3、4、5須至少12個月；Papers 1、2、6、7、8須至少24個月，含最少12個月香港A類經驗）","通過香港建築師學會／建築師註冊管理局專業評審","成為香港建築師學會會員（或管理局接納嘅同等資歷）","申請註冊前喺香港取得一年有關專業經驗","通常居於香港、屬適當人選，並以書面聲明有能力執業"],"entryEn":["Complete an architectural professional programme accredited or recognised by the HKIA/ARB","Accumulate recognised practical experience (at least 12 months for Papers 3, 4 and 5; at least 24 months for Papers 1, 2, 6, 7 and 8, including at least 12 months of Category A local experience)","Pass the HKIA/ARB Professional Assessment","Become a member of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects (or hold equivalent qualification accepted by the Board)","Gain one year's relevant professional experience in Hong Kong before applying for registration","Be ordinarily resident in Hong Kong, a fit and proper person, and declare competence to practise in writing"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由認可學位到註冊","titleEn":"From an accredited degree to registration","stepsZh":["完成獲HKIA/ARB認可嘅建築專業課程（一般為五年制或同等）","累積認可實務經驗並通過HKIA/ARB專業評審","成為香港建築師學會會員","喺香港取得一年有關專業經驗後，向建築師註冊管理局申請註冊"],"stepsEn":["Complete an architectural professional programme accredited or recognised by the HKIA/ARB (typically five years or equivalent)","Accumulate recognised practical experience and pass the HKIA/ARB Professional Assessment","Become a member of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects","After one year's relevant professional experience in Hong Kong, apply to the Architects Registration Board for registration"],"sourceIds":["careers-architect-1","careers-architect-2"]},{"titleZh":"非本地建築專業人士","titleEn":"Non-local architectural professionals","stepsZh":["持有非本地建築資歷","查核資歷是否獲HKIA/ARB承認","按專業評審手冊嘅非本地申請人安排應考或補足經驗","成為學會會員並向建築師註冊管理局註冊"],"stepsEn":["Hold a non-local architectural qualification","Check whether the qualification is recognised by the HKIA/ARB","Sit the assessment or make up experience as set out for non-local applicants in the Professional Assessment Handbook","Become a member of the Institute and register with the Architects Registration Board"],"sourceIds":["careers-architect-2","careers-architect-1"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"助理建築師","titleEn":"Assistant architect"},{"titleZh":"建築師","titleEn":"Architect"},{"titleZh":"高級建築師","titleEn":"Senior architect"},{"titleZh":"首席／總建築師","titleEn":"Principal / chief architect"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"助理建築師","titleEn":"Assistant architect"},{"titleZh":"建築師","titleEn":"Architect"},{"titleZh":"高級建築師","titleEn":"Senior architect"},{"titleZh":"首席／總建築師","titleEn":"Principal / chief architect"}],"sourceIds":["careers-architect-1","careers-architect-2","careers-architect-3","careers-architect-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"auditor","titleZh":"審計師","titleEn":"Auditor","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"查核客戶帳目同內部控制，設計審計程序、抽樣測試、評估風險同撰寫審計報告，旺季集中喺年結前後。要簽發法定審計報告，須持有執業證書。","ledeEn":"Examines clients' accounts and internal controls, designs audit procedures, tests samples, assesses risk and writes audit reports, with a busy season around year-end. Signing statutory audit reports requires a practising certificate.","bodyZh":"審計師查核客戶嘅帳目同內部控制，設計審計程序、抽樣測試、評估風險，並撰寫審計報告，就財務報表是否真實而公平噉反映畀出意見。工作有明顯旺季，通常集中喺年結前後，需要經常出差同加班。\n\n入行要先成為香港會計師公會（HKICPA）會員：一般須持獲認可學位，通過專業資格課程（QP），喺認可框架下累積實務經驗，並符合良好品格等要求。QP分三個漸進級別：基礎級別（十個單元）、專業級別（四個單元）同最高級別（Capstone）；實務經驗方面，認可學位持有人最少須三年，期間相關經驗唔少於500個工作日，其中每年至少130個工作日，並喺四個選定技術範疇各至少75個工作日。\n\n想簽發法定審計報告，就要另外取得執業證書（Practising Certificate）。根據《會計及財務匯報局條例》第20AAL條，申請人須喺香港執業會計師（或公會認可嘅會計師行）嘅辦事處，累積至少四年全職獲批准會計經驗（若全部屬取得資格後經驗，可減至30個月），其中75%須為外聘審計經驗，並須至少一年屬取得資格後經驗、至少一年喺香港取得。自2022年10月起，執業證書由會計及財務匯報局（AFRC）發出。","bodyEn":"An auditor examines a client's accounts and internal controls, designs audit procedures, tests samples, assesses risk and writes an audit report giving an opinion on whether the financial statements give a true and fair view. The work has a pronounced busy season, usually around the year-end, and involves frequent travel and overtime.\n\nEntry begins with HKICPA membership: generally a recognised degree, passing the Qualification Programme (QP), completing practical experience under an approved framework, and meeting good-character requirements. The QP has three progressive levels: Associate Level (10 modules), Professional Level (four modules) and Capstone Level. On practical experience, an approved degree holder needs a minimum of three years, during which relevant experience is not less than 500 Working Days, with at least 130 Working Days each year and at least 75 Working Days in each of four selected technical elements.\n\nTo sign statutory audit reports, an auditor must separately obtain a practising certificate. Under section 20AAL of the Accounting and Financial Reporting Council Ordinance, an applicant must have at least four years of full-time approved accounting experience in the office of a practising CPA in Hong Kong (or a recognised firm); this can be reduced to 30 months if all the experience is post-qualifying. At least 75% must be external auditing experience, at least one year must be post-qualifying, and at least one year must have been gained in Hong Kong. Since October 2022, practising certificates have been issued by the Accounting and Financial Reporting Council (AFRC).","sections":[{"titleZh":"審計師做啲乜","titleEn":"What auditors do","bodyZh":"審計師查核客戶嘅帳目同內部控制，設計審計程序、抽樣測試、評估風險，並撰寫審計報告，就財務報表是否真實而公平噉反映畀出意見。工作有明顯旺季，通常集中喺年結前後，需要經常出差同加班。審計團隊亦要同客戶管理層溝通審計發現，並就內部控制提出改善建議。審計一般按香港審計準則（HKSA）進行，並須保持獨立性。","bodyEn":"An auditor examines a client's accounts and internal controls, designs audit procedures, tests samples, assesses risk and writes an audit report giving an opinion on whether the financial statements give a true and fair view. The work has a pronounced busy season, usually around the year-end, and involves frequent travel and overtime. Audit teams also discuss findings with client management and recommend improvements to internal controls. Audits are generally conducted under the Hong Kong Standards on Auditing (HKSA), and auditors must maintain independence."},{"titleZh":"入行：由QP到會員","titleEn":"Getting in: from the QP to membership","bodyZh":"入行要先成為香港會計師公會（HKICPA）會員：一般須持獲認可學位，通過專業資格課程（QP），喺認可框架下累積實務經驗，並符合良好品格等要求。QP分三個漸進級別：基礎級別（十個單元）、專業級別（四個單元）同最高級別（Capstone）。實務經驗方面，認可學位持有人最少須三年，期間相關經驗唔少於500個工作日，其中每年至少130個工作日，並喺四個選定技術範疇各至少75個工作日。","bodyEn":"Entry begins with HKICPA membership: generally a recognised degree, passing the Qualification Programme (QP), completing practical experience under an approved framework, and meeting good-character requirements. The QP has three progressive levels: Associate Level (10 modules), Professional Level (four modules) and Capstone Level. On practical experience, an approved degree holder needs a minimum of three years, during which relevant experience is not less than 500 Working Days, with at least 130 Working Days each year and at least 75 Working Days in each of four selected technical elements."},{"titleZh":"執業證書同監管","titleEn":"Practising certificate and oversight","bodyZh":"想簽發法定審計報告，就要另外取得執業證書。根據《會計及財務匯報局條例》第20AAL條，申請人須喺香港執業會計師（或公會認可嘅會計師行）嘅辦事處，累積至少四年全職獲批准會計經驗（若全部屬取得資格後經驗，可減至30個月），其中75%須為外聘審計經驗，並須至少一年屬取得資格後經驗、至少一年喺香港取得。自2022年10月起，執業證書由會計及財務匯報局（AFRC）發出，AFRC亦負責註冊執業單位同上市實體核數師，並監察行業。","bodyEn":"To sign statutory audit reports, an auditor must separately obtain a practising certificate. Under section 20AAL of the Accounting and Financial Reporting Council Ordinance, an applicant must have at least four years of full-time approved accounting experience in the office of a practising CPA in Hong Kong (or a recognised firm); this can be reduced to 30 months if all the experience is post-qualifying. At least 75% must be external auditing experience, at least one year must be post-qualifying, and at least one year must have been gained in Hong Kong. Since October 2022, practising certificates have been issued by the AFRC, which also registers practice units and PIE auditors and oversees the profession."}],"payBasisZh":"審計師唔係公務員職位，收入由僱主（會計師行、企業內部審計部門等）按市場、職級同資歷釐定；政府或監管機構並無就私人執業審計師訂立公開薪酬表。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Auditors are not civil-service posts; pay is set by the employer (an accountancy firm, a company's internal audit department, and so on) according to the market, the grade and the person's qualifications. Neither the Government nor the regulator publishes a pay scale for auditors in private practice. No figures are listed here.","entryZh":["成為香港會計師公會會員（認可學位＋通過專業資格課程＋認可實務經驗）","通過專業資格課程（QP）三個級別：基礎、專業同Capstone","累積最少三年、唔少於500個工作日嘅認可實務經驗（每年至少130日）","（簽發法定審計報告）取得執業證書：至少四年全職獲批准會計經驗，其中75%屬外聘審計","符合良好品格同適當人選要求"],"entryEn":["Become a member of the Hong Kong Institute of CPAs (recognised degree, QP pass and approved practical experience)","Pass the three levels of the Qualification Programme (QP): Associate, Professional and Capstone","Accumulate at least three years and not less than 500 Working Days of approved practical experience (at least 130 days a year)","(To sign statutory audit reports) obtain a practising certificate: at least four years of full-time approved accounting experience, 75% of it external auditing","Meet the good-character and fit-and-proper requirements"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由會計學位到審計師","titleEn":"From an accounting degree to auditor","stepsZh":["完成獲認可會計學位或完成QP基礎級別","通過專業資格課程（QP）嘅專業級別同Capstone","喺認可僱主／主管監督下累積實務經驗並成為HKICPA會員","加入會計師行做審計，逐步累積經驗"],"stepsEn":["Complete a recognised accounting degree or complete the QP Associate Level","Pass the Professional Level and Capstone of the Qualification Programme (QP)","Accumulate practical experience under an Authorized Employer or Supervisor and become a HKICPA member","Join an accountancy firm in audit and build up experience"],"sourceIds":["careers-auditor-1","careers-auditor-2"]},{"titleZh":"取得執業證書以簽發法定審計報告","titleEn":"Obtain a practising certificate to sign statutory audits","stepsZh":["以HKICPA會員身分喺香港執業會計師辦事處任職","累積至少四年全職獲批准會計經驗（至少75%屬外聘審計）","滿足取得資格後同香港本地經驗要求","向會計及財務匯報局申請執業證書"],"stepsEn":["Work in the office of a practising CPA in Hong Kong as a HKICPA member","Accumulate at least four years of full-time approved accounting experience (at least 75% external auditing)","Meet the post-qualifying and local Hong Kong experience requirements","Apply to the Accounting and Financial Reporting Council for a practising certificate"],"sourceIds":["careers-auditor-1","careers-auditor-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習審計員","titleEn":"Audit trainee"},{"titleZh":"高級審計員","titleEn":"Senior auditor"},{"titleZh":"審計經理","titleEn":"Audit manager"},{"titleZh":"合夥人／執業董事","titleEn":"Partner / practising director"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習審計員","titleEn":"Audit trainee"},{"titleZh":"高級審計員","titleEn":"Senior auditor"},{"titleZh":"審計經理","titleEn":"Audit manager"},{"titleZh":"合夥人／執業董事","titleEn":"Partner / practising director"}],"sourceIds":["careers-auditor-1","careers-auditor-2","careers-auditor-3","careers-auditor-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"auxiliary-medical-service-member","titleZh":"醫療輔助隊隊員","titleEn":"Auxiliary Medical Service member","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"醫療輔助隊隊員係保安局轄下嘅志願制服隊伍，平時喺單車徑、郊野公園同大型活動設急救站，疫症或災難時奉召出動；入隊關卡係體檢、體能測試同約一百小時入職訓練，唔靠專業牌照。","ledeEn":"AMS members are volunteer uniformed personnel under the Security Bureau who run first aid posts at cycle tracks, country parks and major events and are mobilised during outbreaks or disasters. Joining turns on a medical check, a fitness test and about 100 hours of induction training, not on a professional licence.","bodyZh":"醫療輔助隊（AMS）係保安局轄下嘅志願制服隊伍，同民眾安全服務隊一樣喺 1950 年成立，回歸前另立《醫療輔助隊條例》（第 517 章）規管。隊員以兼職、志願身分服務，唔屬於全職公務員，而係一支可以喺突發事故時迅速動員嘅輔助醫療力量。日常任務包括喺單車徑、郊野公園、大型公眾活動、消防處救護站同美沙酮診所設急救站，亦會為醫院同非緊急救護車服務提供輔助支援；一旦發生水浸、山泥傾瀉、樓宇倒塌或傳染病爆發，隊員會奉召到現場做急救。\n\n入隊主要關卡係體檢同訓練，唔係專業牌照。申請一級隊員要符合四項：體格良好；中三程度或以上並能閱讀及書寫中文；年滿 16 歲至未滿 60 歲（16 至 18 歲須家長或監護人書面同意）；以及香港特區永久性居民。申請人可帶齊文件直接出席即場面試（指定月份第三個星期六），未能出示中國語文能力證明的話要即場應考中文筆試；獲選後須接受政府委託診所或醫療機構嘅體檢。入職訓練約一百小時、為期約五至六個月，分平日夜間同周末兩種模式進行，內容涵蓋部隊架構、國家安全教育、急救、紀律、小隊步操、傷者處理、感染控制同個人資料及病人私隱保障，結業前要通過職業及體能測試，以及急救、中式步操同救護輔助等評核。\n\n結業後隊員會被派駐各區單位，每月要繼續出席約兩次、合共約六小時嘅恆常訓練（一次周日早上約四小時、一次平日晚上約兩小時），亦可以按自己時間參加駕駛、領導、管理、救生同美沙酮診所管理等中央訓練課程。服務條件方面，隊員每年要完成六十小時或全年恆常訓練總時數六成嘅出席率，並每年參加一次熟練測驗（獲豁免者除外）；連續兩年唔合格或無故缺席可能被辭退，而完成入職訓練後一年內無合理理由退出，須按要求向部隊償還入職訓練嘅合理費用。薪酬方面，隊員出席訓練、緊急出勤或按總監要求志願當值可獲薪酬，當值滿八小時而無免費膳食或口糧則可獲膳食津貼；實際金額由官方釐定，本站唔列數字。","bodyEn":"The Auxiliary Medical Service (AMS) is a volunteer uniformed service under the Security Bureau. Established in 1950 alongside the Civil Aid Service, it was placed under its own Auxiliary Medical Service Ordinance (Cap. 517) before the handover. Members serve part-time and voluntarily rather than as full-time civil servants, forming a medical auxiliary that can be mobilised quickly in emergencies. Day-to-day work includes manning first aid posts at cycle tracks, country parks, major public events, Fire Services ambulance depots and methadone clinics, and giving paramedical support to hospitals and the non-emergency ambulance service. When floods, landslides, building collapses or infectious disease outbreaks occur, members are called out to give first aid on scene.\n\nThe main gate is a medical examination and training, not a professional licence. A Grade I Officer applicant must meet four criteria: be physically fit; have Secondary 3 education or above and be able to read and write Chinese; be aged 16 to below 60, with written parental or guardian consent for ages 16 to 18; and be a permanent resident of the HKSAR. Applicants may attend a walk-in interview (third Saturday of specified months) with the required documents, and sit a Chinese written test on the spot if they cannot show proof of Chinese proficiency; those selected then undergo a medical examination by a commissioned clinic or institution. Induction training runs about 100 hours over roughly five to six months in dual mode, covering the organisation, national security education, first aid, discipline, squad drill, casualty handling, infection control and personal data and patient privacy. Before graduating, trainees must pass an occupational and physical fitness test and assessments in first aid, Chinese-style foot drill and ambulance aid.\n\nAfter graduation members are posted to units and must keep attending about two regular sessions a month, around six hours in total (one Sunday morning of about four hours and one weekday evening of about two hours), and may join centralised courses in driving, leadership, management, life-saving and methadone clinic management. On terms of service, members must complete 60 hours or 60% of the year's regular training hours and sit a Proficiency Examination each year unless exempted; failing the examination for two consecutive years or being absent without good reason may lead to discharge, and a member who leaves within one year of finishing induction training without reasonable excuse may be required to repay its reasonable costs. On pay, members receive pay for attending training, emergency duty or duty performed at the Commissioner's request, and a ration allowance for duty of eight hours or more without provided meals or rations; the amounts are set officially and no figures are printed here.","sections":[{"titleZh":"部隊定位同法定基礎","titleEn":"Position and legal basis","bodyZh":"醫療輔助隊係保安局轄下嘅志願制服隊伍，1950 年成立，1997 年前另立《醫療輔助隊條例》（第 517 章）規管，條例訂明部隊嘅編制由行政長官決定，各級職級同委任、晉升權力都寫在條例同附表之內。隊員以志願、兼職身分服務，唔係全職公務員，但喺緊急事故時可以奉召動員。佢哋嘅日常工作包括喺單車徑、郊野公園、大型公眾活動、消防處救護站同美沙酮診所提供急救服務，亦為醫院同非緊急救護車服務提供輔助支援。","bodyEn":"The AMS is a volunteer uniformed service under the Security Bureau, established in 1950 and placed under its own Auxiliary Medical Service Ordinance (Cap. 517) before 1997. The Ordinance provides that the Service's establishment is determined by the Chief Executive, and its ranks, powers of appointment and promotion are set out in the Ordinance and its Schedules. Members serve voluntarily and part-time rather than as full-time civil servants, but can be mobilised in emergencies. Their routine work covers first aid at cycle tracks, country parks, major public events, Fire Services ambulance depots and methadone clinics, as well as paramedical support for hospitals and non-emergency ambulance transfers."},{"titleZh":"入隊關卡同入職訓練","titleEn":"Entry gate and induction training","bodyZh":"申請一級隊員要符合四項條件：體格良好；中三程度或以上並能閱讀及書寫中文；年滿 16 歲至未滿 60 歲（16 至 18 歲須家長或監護人書面同意）；以及香港特區永久性居民。申請人可帶齊所需文件直接出席即場面試，未能出示中國語文能力證明者要即場應考中文筆試，獲選後須接受政府委託診所或醫療機構嘅體檢。入職訓練約一百小時、為期約五至六個月，分平日夜間同周末模式，涵蓋部隊架構、國家安全教育、急救、紀律、小隊步操、傷者處理、感染控制同病人私隱保障，結業前要通過職業及體能測試（一分鐘掌上壓、負重一百米、一分鐘仰臥起坐、三十秒蹲撐、六分鐘八百米）同急救、中式步操、救護輔助等評核。","bodyEn":"A Grade I Officer applicant must meet four criteria: be physically fit; hold Secondary 3 education or above and be able to read and write Chinese; be aged 16 to below 60, with written parental or guardian consent for ages 16 to 18; and be an HKSAR permanent resident. Applicants may attend a walk-in interview with the required documents, sit a Chinese written test on the spot if they cannot show proof of Chinese proficiency, and, once selected, undergo a medical examination by a commissioned clinic or institution. Induction training runs about 100 hours over roughly five to six months in weekday-evening and weekend modes, covering the organisation, national security education, first aid, discipline, squad drill, casualty handling, infection control and patient privacy. Before graduating, trainees must pass an occupational and physical fitness test (one-minute push-ups, 100-metre run or walk with a first aid rucksack, one-minute sit-ups, 30-second squat thrusts and an 800-metre run or walk in six minutes) plus assessments in first aid, Chinese-style foot drill and ambulance aid."},{"titleZh":"持續訓練同服務條件","titleEn":"Continuing training and terms of service","bodyZh":"結業隊員會被派駐各區單位，每月要繼續出席約兩次、合共約六小時嘅恆常訓練，一次喺周日早上、一次喺平日晚上，訓練中心遍佈全港包括離島，方便就近參加；隊員亦可按自己時間參加駕駛、領導、管理、救生同美沙酮診所管理等中央課程。服務要求方面，隊員每年要完成六十小時或全年恆常訓練總時數六成嘅出席率，並每年參加一次熟練測驗（獲豁免者除外），連續兩年唔合格或無故缺席可能被辭退；完成入職訓練後一年內無合理理由退出者，須按要求償還入職訓練嘅合理費用。薪酬方面，隊員出席訓練、緊急出勤或按總監要求志願當值可獲薪酬，當值滿八小時而無免費膳食或口糧可獲膳食津貼；金額由官方釐定，本站唔列數字。","bodyEn":"Graduated members are posted to units and must keep attending about two regular sessions a month, around six hours in total, one on a Sunday morning and one on a weekday evening, with training centres across the territory including the outlying islands so members can train near home; they may also join centralised courses in driving, leadership, management, life-saving and methadone clinic management at their own pace. On service requirements, members must complete 60 hours or 60% of the year's regular training hours and sit a Proficiency Examination each year unless exempted, and failing the examination for two consecutive years or being absent without good reason may lead to discharge; a member who leaves within one year of finishing induction training without reasonable excuse may be required to repay its reasonable costs. On pay, members receive pay for attending training, emergency duty or duty performed at the Commissioner's request, and a ration allowance for duty of eight hours or more without provided meals or rations; the amounts are set officially and no figures are printed here."}],"payBasisZh":"隊員出席訓練、緊急出勤或按總監要求志願當值可獲薪酬，當值滿八小時而無免費膳食或口糧另設膳食津貼；金額由官方釐定，本站不列具體數字。","payBasisEn":"Members receive pay for attending training, emergency duty or duty performed at the Commissioner's request, plus a ration allowance for duty of eight hours or more without provided meals or rations. The amounts are set officially and no figures are printed here.","entryZh":["體格良好，並通過政府委託診所或醫療機構嘅體檢","中三程度或以上，能閱讀及書寫中文（未能出示證明者須通過中文筆試）","年滿 16 歲至未滿 60 歲；16 至 18 歲須家長或監護人書面同意","香港特別行政區永久性居民","完成約一百小時入職訓練，並通過職業及體能測試同急救等評核"],"entryEn":["Be physically fit and pass a medical examination by a commissioned clinic or institution","Secondary 3 education or above and able to read and write Chinese (a Chinese written test applies if proof is not available)","Aged 16 to below 60; written parental or guardian consent required for ages 16 to 18","A permanent resident of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","Complete about 100 hours of induction training and pass the occupational and physical fitness test and first aid assessments"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"直接申請一級隊員（志願隊員）","titleEn":"Apply directly as a Grade I Officer (volunteer member)","stepsZh":["帶齊所需文件出席即場面試（指定月份第三個星期六），未能出示中國語文能力證明者即場應考中文筆試","通過遴選後接受政府委託診所或醫療機構嘅體檢","完成約一百小時入職訓練，並通過職業及體能測試同急救、中式步操、救護輔助等評核","結業後成為正式隊員，按居住地區同單位空缺派駐"],"stepsEn":["Attend a walk-in interview with the required documents (third Saturday of specified months); sit a Chinese written test on the spot if proof of Chinese proficiency is not available","After selection, undergo a medical examination by a commissioned clinic or institution","Complete about 100 hours of induction training and pass the occupational and physical fitness test and assessments in first aid, Chinese-style foot drill and ambulance aid","Become a full member on graduation and be posted according to residence and unit vacancies"],"sourceIds":["careers-auxiliary-medical-service-member-1","careers-auxiliary-medical-service-member-2"]},{"titleZh":"經潛質人員計劃升任四級隊員","titleEn":"Progress to Grade IV Officer via the Potential Officer Programme","stepsZh":["先以一級隊員身分服務，並留意部隊公布嘅潛質人員計劃（按空缺不定期開辦）","完成計劃第一年嘅訓練同評核，表現滿意者獲委任為四級隊員","完成第二年嘅訓練同評核，表現滿意者獲委任為高級四級隊員"],"stepsEn":["Serve first as a Grade I Officer and watch for the Potential Officer Programme, which is run occasionally subject to vacancies","Complete the first year of the programme and, on satisfactory performance, be appointed as a Grade IV Officer","Complete the second year and, on satisfactory performance, be appointed as a Senior Grade IV Officer"],"sourceIds":["careers-auxiliary-medical-service-member-4"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"一級隊員","titleEn":"Grade I Member"},{"titleZh":"二級隊員","titleEn":"Grade II Member"},{"titleZh":"三級隊員","titleEn":"Grade III Member"},{"titleZh":"四級隊員／高級四級隊員","titleEn":"Grade IV Officer / Senior Grade IV Officer"},{"titleZh":"五級／高級五級隊員","titleEn":"Grade V Officer / Senior Grade V Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級職級（六級至七級，至總監級）","titleEn":"Senior grades (VI to VII, up to Commissioner)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"一級隊員","titleEn":"Grade I Member"},{"titleZh":"二級隊員","titleEn":"Grade II Member"},{"titleZh":"三級隊員","titleEn":"Grade III Member"},{"titleZh":"四級隊員／高級四級隊員","titleEn":"Grade IV Officer / Senior Grade IV Officer"},{"titleZh":"五級／高級五級隊員","titleEn":"Grade V Officer / Senior Grade V Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級職級（六級至七級，至總監級）","titleEn":"Senior grades (VI to VII, up to Commissioner)"}],"sourceIds":["careers-auxiliary-medical-service-member-1","careers-auxiliary-medical-service-member-2","careers-auxiliary-medical-service-member-3","careers-auxiliary-medical-service-member-4","careers-auxiliary-medical-service-member-5"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"bailiff","titleZh":"執達主任","titleEn":"Bailiff","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"執達主任隸屬司法機構，按法庭命令送達法律文件、扣押財物、收回物業同執行拘押令；入職唔靠專業牌照，而係睇中學文憑成績、五年法律或司法相關工作經驗，同《基本法及香港國安法》測試。","ledeEn":"Bailiffs serve legal documents, seize property, recover premises and execute warrants for the Judiciary on court orders. Entry is not a professional licence: it turns on secondary-school results, five years of legal or judicial experience and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test.","bodyZh":"執達主任隸屬司法機構嘅執達事務組，日常按法庭判決同命令行事：送達傳票同法律文件、執行財物扣押令、收回物業、執行拘押令，並會同香港以外嘅司法機構合作，提供司法同司法以外嘅服務。官方特別指出，執達主任只按申請人嘅指示執行命令，冇責任替申請人追尋債務人下落，亦唔保證一定追回債項。\n\n入職關卡唔係專業牌照，而係公務員招聘條件。執達主任申請人須符合四項：一，喺香港中學文憑試五科考獲第2級或以上（或會考五科第2級／E級）或同等學歷；二，喺法律、司法、盤存或財物估價其中一個或多個範疇，具備五年工作經驗；三，中國語文同英國語文科考獲第3級或以上；四，喺《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格。想早啲入行，可以由執達主任助理起步：完成中四、擅長戶外工作、中英文達中四程度，同樣要通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。\n\n職系由執達主任助理一路排到總執達主任：執達主任助理、執達主任、高級執達主任、助理總執達主任同總執達主任。工作要配合法庭運作，有機會不定時當值，亦要喺現場應付對方反應同準確記錄每個步驟，所以紀律、體能同應變同樣重要。","bodyEn":"Bailiffs work in the Judiciary's Bailiff Section and act on court judgments and orders: serving writs and legal documents, executing writs of seizure, recovering premises and executing warrants of arrest, as well as working with judicial authorities outside Hong Kong. The Judiciary stresses that bailiffs act only on the applicant's instructions; they are not required to trace the debtor or guarantee recovery of a debt.\n\nThe gate is not a professional licence but civil-service recruitment. A Bailiff applicant must meet four conditions: Level 2 or above in five HKDSEE subjects (or Level 2/E in five HKCEE subjects) or equivalent; five years' work experience in one or more of legal, judicial, inventory-taking or property-valuation fields; Level 3 in Chinese and English; and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. A lower entry point is Bailiff's Assistant, which requires Secondary 4 education, an aptitude for outdoor work and Chinese and English at Secondary 4 level.\n\nThe grade runs from Bailiff's Assistant up to Chief Bailiff, through Bailiff, Senior Bailiff and Assistant Chief Bailiff. The work must fit court operations and may involve irregular hours, on-site judgement and accurate record-keeping, so discipline and composure matter as much as academic results.","sections":[{"titleZh":"執達事務組做啲乜","titleEn":"What the Bailiff Section does","bodyZh":"執達事務組有兩大類工作。第一類係送達傳票同法律文件，按規定把文件交到對方手上並留下紀錄。第二類係執行法庭命令同判決，例如扣押同拍賣債務人財物、收回物業、執行拘押令等。申請人要留意，執達主任只會按你嘅指示執行命令，佢哋冇責任替你查債務人下落，亦唔保證收回債項。工作經常要出外，去到現場亦要應付對方反應，同時準確記錄每個步驟。","bodyEn":"The Bailiff Section handles two broad jobs. The first is service of writs and legal documents, delivering them to the other party as required and keeping a record. The second is execution of court orders and judgments, such as seizing and auctioning a debtor's property, recovering premises and executing warrants of arrest. Applicants should note that bailiffs act only on your instructions; they are not obliged to trace the debtor or guarantee recovery. Much of the work is outdoors, and at the scene you must handle the other party's response while recording every step accurately."},{"titleZh":"入職條件逐項睇","titleEn":"Entry conditions, item by item","bodyZh":"執達主任入職條件有四項：中學文憑五科第2級（或會考五科第2級／E級）或同等學歷；喺法律、司法、盤存或財物估價其中一個或多個範疇具備五年工作經驗；中英文考獲第3級或以上；同《基本法及香港國安法》測試及格。執達主任助理門檻低啲：完成中四、擅長戶外工作、中英文達中四程度，並通過同一測試即可申請。兩者嘅招聘詳情同最新要求，一律以司法機構同公務員事務局公布為準。","bodyEn":"A Bailiff must meet four conditions: Level 2 in five HKDSEE subjects (or Level 2/E in five HKCEE subjects) or equivalent; five years' work experience in one or more of legal, judicial, inventory-taking or property-valuation fields; Level 3 or above in Chinese and English; and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. The Bailiff's Assistant threshold is lower: completion of Secondary 4, an aptitude for outdoor work, Chinese and English at Secondary 4 level, and the same test. Recruitment details and the latest requirements are as published by the Judiciary and the Civil Service Bureau."},{"titleZh":"職系架構同晉升","titleEn":"Grade structure and progression","bodyZh":"執達主任職系隸屬司法機構，職級由低到高包括執達主任助理、執達主任、高級執達主任、助理總執達主任同總執達主任。司法機構指出，執達主任同執達主任助理，同司法書記、法庭傳譯主任一樣，都係專責支援法官同司法人員、維持法院日常運作嘅職系人員。由於要支援法庭日常運作，工作時間需要配合法庭，或需不定時當值。薪酬按公務員總薪級表訂定，實際薪點視職級而定；職系晉升相對穩定，但亦要視乎表現同部門安排。","bodyEn":"The bailiff grade sits within the Judiciary. From the bottom up the ranks are Bailiff's Assistant, Bailiff, Senior Bailiff, Assistant Chief Bailiff and Chief Bailiff. The Judiciary notes that, like Judicial Clerks and Court Interpreters, the Bailiff and Bailiff's Assistant grades are dedicated to supporting judges and judicial officers and the daily running of the courts. Because the grade supports the daily operation of the courts, hours follow the courts and may involve irregular duty. Pay follows the civil-service Master Pay Scale and depends on the rank held; progression within the grade is relatively stable, subject to performance and departmental arrangements."}],"payBasisZh":"公務員職位。薪酬按公務員總薪級表（MPS）同所屬職級訂定，以公務員事務局公布嘅薪級資料為準；本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"A civil-service post. Pay follows the civil-service Master Pay Scale (MPS) and the grade held, as published by the Civil Service Bureau; no specific figures are listed here.","entryZh":["中學文憑試五科第2級（或會考五科第2級／E級）或同等學歷","喺法律、司法、盤存或財物估價其中一項或多項範疇具備五年工作經驗","中國語文同英國語文科考獲第3級或以上（或同等成績）","《基本法及香港國安法》測試及格","（執達主任助理）完成中四、中英文達中四程度、擅長戶外工作"],"entryEn":["Level 2 in five HKDSEE subjects (or Level 2/E in five HKCEE subjects) or equivalent","Five years' work experience in one or more of legal, judicial, inventory-taking or property-valuation fields","Level 3 or above in Chinese Language and English Language (or equivalent)","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","(Bailiff's Assistant) Secondary 4 education, Chinese and English at Secondary 4 level, and an aptitude for outdoor work"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由執達主任助理起步","titleEn":"Start as a Bailiff's Assistant","stepsZh":["應徵執達主任助理，須完成中四並通過相關招聘程序","入職後熟習送達文件、扣押財物等執行程序","累積前線執行經驗並通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試","日後按年資同表現申請執達主任職位"],"stepsEn":["Apply as a Bailiff's Assistant with Secondary 4 education and pass the recruitment process","Learn service of documents, seizure of property and other execution procedures on the job","Build frontline execution experience and pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Apply for the Bailiff rank later, subject to experience and performance"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"具備相關經驗直接申請執達主任","titleEn":"Apply directly with relevant experience","stepsZh":["喺法律、司法、盤存或財物估價界別累積五年工作經驗","確認中學文憑五科第2級及中英文第3級成績達標","通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試","經公務員事務局招聘程序申請執達主任職位"],"stepsEn":["Build five years' work experience in legal, judicial, inventory-taking or property-valuation fields","Check that five HKDSEE subjects at Level 2 and Chinese and English at Level 3 are met","Pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Apply for the Bailiff post through the Civil Service Bureau recruitment process"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"執達主任助理","titleEn":"Bailiff's Assistant"},{"titleZh":"執達主任","titleEn":"Bailiff"},{"titleZh":"高級執達主任","titleEn":"Senior Bailiff"},{"titleZh":"助理總執達主任","titleEn":"Assistant Chief Bailiff"},{"titleZh":"總執達主任","titleEn":"Chief Bailiff"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"執達主任助理","titleEn":"Bailiff's Assistant"},{"titleZh":"執達主任","titleEn":"Bailiff"},{"titleZh":"高級執達主任","titleEn":"Senior Bailiff"},{"titleZh":"助理總執達主任","titleEn":"Assistant Chief Bailiff"},{"titleZh":"總執達主任","titleEn":"Chief Bailiff"}],"sourceIds":["careers-bailiff-1","careers-bailiff-2","careers-bailiff-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"bar-bender","titleZh":"紮鐵工","titleEn":"Bar bender and fixer","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"紮鐵工按圖則切割同屈曲鋼筋、綁紮成樑柱樓板嘅鋼筋籠。香港規定喺地盤親身做建築工程一律要註冊，而獨立做鋼筋屈紮呢類指定工種，仲要係註冊熟練技工或半熟練技工，入行靠嘅係工藝測試同建造業安全訓練。","ledeEn":"Bar benders and fixers cut and bend reinforcement steel and tie it into beam, column and slab cages. Anyone carrying out construction work on site must be registered, and to work independently in a designated trade such as steel reinforcement you must be a registered skilled or semi-skilled worker, reached through trade tests and safety training.","bodyZh":"紮鐵工嘅日常係睇圖則開料、用機器或人手屈曲鋼筋、綁紮成樑柱同樓板嘅鋼筋籠，控制保護層厚度同鋼筋位置，並配合落石屎嘅工序。工作幾乎都在露天同高空進行，體力需求大，亦要同其他工種協調時間。\n\n入行嘅硬關卡係《建造業工人註冊條例》。任何人喺地盤親身進行建築工程，都必須註冊為建造業工人；由二零一七年四月起，「指定工種指定技能」嘅規定生效，除指定情況外，只有指定工類嘅註冊熟練技工或半熟練技工，先可以獨立進行相關工種嘅工程。換句話講，想做紮鐵，唔可以只係「跟開工」，而要拎到對應嘅註冊同資歷。\n\n註冊分三類：註冊熟練技工（持建造業議會、前建造業訓練局或職業訓練局嘅工藝測試證書等）、註冊半熟練技工（持中級工藝測試證書等）同註冊普通工人（持有效嘅建造業安全訓練證明書，即俗稱「綠卡」）。無論做邊一類，都要先有綠卡。晉升方面，通常由普通工人或半熟練起步，考到大工（熟練）資歷後可獨立承擔指定工種，再向管工或判頭方向發展。","bodyEn":"A bar bender and fixer reads drawings, cuts and bends bar, ties it into beam, column and slab cages, keeps cover thickness and bar position correct, and works to the concrete-pour sequence. The work is mostly outdoors and at height, physically demanding, and has to be coordinated with other trades.\n\nThe hard gate is the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance. Anyone personally carrying out construction work on a site must be a registered construction worker, and since April 2017 the 'designated workers for designated skills' provision means that, except in specified circumstances, only registered skilled or semi-skilled workers of a designated trade division may independently carry out work of that trade. In practice you cannot simply 'learn on the job' as a fixer; you need the matching registration and qualifications.\n\nRegistration has three categories: registered skilled worker (holding a trade test certificate from the CIC, the former CITA or the VTC, or equivalent), registered semi-skilled worker (holding an intermediate trade test certificate), and registered general worker (holding a valid Construction Industry Safety Training Certificate, the 'Green Card'). Every category requires the Green Card first. People commonly start as general or semi-skilled workers, then take the advanced (skilled) trade test to work independently, before moving towards supervising or sub-contracting.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作內容","titleEn":"What the work involves","bodyZh":"紮鐵工按結構圖則開料同屈曲鋼筋，再綁紮成樑、柱、樓板同牆嘅鋼筋籠，確保鋼筋位置、間距同保護層厚度符合要求，之後配合落石屎。大部分工序喺露天同高空進行，要搬抬鋼筋、長時間蹲紮，並同模板、石屎等工種夾好時間。由於鋼筋一旦紮錯就要拆開重做，睇圖同尺寸準確度直接影響質素同安全。","bodyEn":"Bar benders and fixers cut and bend steel to structural drawings, then tie it into cages for beams, columns, slabs and walls, keeping bar position, spacing and cover correct before the concrete pour. Most of the work is outdoors and at height, involving lifting bar, long spells of tying and close coordination with formwork and concreting trades. Because a mistake means the cage must be taken apart and redone, accuracy to drawings and dimensions directly affects quality and safety. Steel reinforcement is a designated trade division, so independent work in it requires the matching registered worker status."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：建造業工人註冊","titleEn":"The gate: construction workers registration","bodyZh":"根據《建造業工人註冊條例》，喺地盤親身進行建築工程嘅人，必須註冊為建造業工人。二零一七年四月起，「指定工種指定技能」規定生效：除指定情況外，只有指定工類嘅註冊熟練技工或半熟練技工，先可以獨立進行相關工種嘅工程。所有註冊者都要先持有效嘅建造業安全訓練證明書（綠卡）；工人註冊證一般有效期五年，可續期。","bodyEn":"Under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance, anyone who personally carries out construction work on a site must be registered as a construction worker. Since April 2017 the 'designated workers for designated skills' provision has applied: except in specified circumstances, only registered skilled or semi-skilled workers of a designated trade division may independently carry out that trade's work. Every registrant must first hold a valid Construction Industry Safety Training Certificate (Green Card); a registration card is normally valid for five years and is renewable."},{"titleZh":"工藝測試同註冊類別","titleEn":"Trade tests and registration categories","bodyZh":"註冊分三類：註冊熟練技工須持建造業議會、前建造業訓練局或職業訓練局嘅工藝測試證書等；註冊半熟練技工須持中級工藝測試證書等；註冊普通工人只須持有效綠卡。建造業議會嘅工藝測試分中級（中工，對應半熟練）同熟練（大工）兩個級別，用嚟確立技能水平。常見入行方法係先讀香港建造學院或建造業議會嘅課程，再報考工藝測試。","bodyEn":"There are three registration categories: registered skilled worker, requiring a trade test certificate issued by the CIC, the former CITA or the VTC or equivalent; registered semi-skilled worker, requiring an intermediate trade test certificate; and registered general worker, requiring only a valid Green Card. The CIC's trade tests come in two levels — intermediate (semi-skilled) and skilled — that set the standard of competence. A common way in is to first take a Hong Kong Institute of Construction or CIC course, then sit the trade test."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。紮鐵工薪酬由僱主或承建商／判頭按工種、技能級別、經驗同計薪方式（日薪或月薪）決定；本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. Pay is set by the employer or contractor/sub-contractor according to trade, skill level, experience and the pay basis (daily or monthly); no income figures are estimated here.","entryZh":["喺地盤親身進行建築工程，必須註冊為建造業工人","持有效建造業安全訓練證明書（綠卡）","申請註冊熟練技工須持建造業議會或其他認可機構嘅工藝測試證書","申請註冊半熟練技工須持中級工藝測試證書","獨立做指定工種（如鋼筋屈紮）須為該工類嘅註冊熟練或半熟練技工","能應付體力勞動、戶外同高空工作"],"entryEn":["Must be a registered construction worker to carry out construction work on site","Must hold a valid Construction Industry Safety Training Certificate (Green Card)","Registered skilled worker requires a trade test certificate from the CIC or another recognised body","Registered semi-skilled worker requires an intermediate trade test certificate","Working independently in a designated trade such as steel reinforcement requires the matching registered skilled or semi-skilled status","Able to cope with physical labour and outdoor and work-at-height conditions"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由建造業培訓入行","titleEn":"Enter through construction training","stepsZh":["報讀香港建造學院或建造業議會嘅鋼筋屈紮或相關課程","完成建造業安全訓練，取得綠卡","應考建造業議會工藝測試，先取中級（中工）資歷","累積經驗後投考熟練級（大工）測試，註冊為熟練技工"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in a steel reinforcement or related course at the Hong Kong Institute of Construction or the CIC","Complete construction safety training and obtain the Green Card","Sit the CIC trade test and first earn the intermediate (semi-skilled) qualification","With experience, take the skilled-level test and register as a skilled worker"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"邊做邊考","titleEn":"Learn and qualify on the job","stepsZh":["先以註冊普通工人身分入地盤，跟師傅學睇圖同綁紮","取得綠卡並完成建造業工人註冊","在職期間應考中級工藝測試","逐步升級至註冊熟練技工，可獨立承擔指定工種"],"stepsEn":["Start on site as a registered general worker, learning drawing reading and fixing from a master","Obtain the Green Card and complete construction workers registration","Sit the intermediate trade test while working","Progress to registered skilled worker to independently handle the designated trade"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"註冊普通工人","titleEn":"Registered General Worker"},{"titleZh":"註冊半熟練技工（中工）","titleEn":"Registered Semi-skilled Worker (intermediate trade test)"},{"titleZh":"註冊熟練技工（大工）","titleEn":"Registered Skilled Worker (skilled trade test)"},{"titleZh":"紮鐵管工／判頭","titleEn":"Reinforcement supervisor / sub-contractor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"註冊普通工人","titleEn":"Registered General Worker"},{"titleZh":"註冊半熟練技工（中工）","titleEn":"Registered Semi-skilled Worker (intermediate trade test)"},{"titleZh":"註冊熟練技工（大工）","titleEn":"Registered Skilled Worker (skilled trade test)"},{"titleZh":"紮鐵管工／判頭","titleEn":"Reinforcement supervisor / sub-contractor"}],"sourceIds":["careers-bar-bender-1","careers-bar-bender-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"bone-setter","titleZh":"跌打師傅","titleEn":"Bone-setting practitioner","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"喺香港，跌打、復位、推拿同外敷都屬中醫執業範圍；未註冊而自稱中醫或作中醫執業屬違法。要合法做跌打，正路係完成獲認可嘅中醫本科學位，再考中醫執業資格試，註冊為可加上「跌打」名銜嘅註冊中醫。","ledeEn":"In Hong Kong, bone-setting, manipulation and topical treatment fall within the practice of Chinese medicine; an unregistered person may not call themselves a Chinese medicine practitioner or practise as one. The lawful route is an approved Chinese medicine degree, then the licensing examination, then registration, which allows 'bone-setting' to be added to the title.","bodyZh":"《中醫藥條例》把「中醫執業」定義為：以中醫為基礎進行診斷、治療、預防或緩解疾病，處方中藥，或者調理人體功能狀態，而跌打正正係條例列明嘅執業基礎之一。所以一個人若以推拿、復位、外敷手法處理扭傷同關節痛，法律上已屬中醫執業，唔可以未註冊就用「中醫」身分行事。\n\n要做註冊中醫，關卡係先完成中醫藥管理委員會中醫組認可嘅中醫本科學位課程（一般不少於五年，並以中醫為本），再通過中醫執業資格試。該試分第I部分筆試同第II部分臨床考試，由中醫組舉辦，報名同考試安排每年由中醫藥管理委員會公布。\n\n註冊之後，可按《中醫藥條例》第74條，喺「註冊中醫」名銜後加上「跌打」等字眼，顯示自己嘅執業範圍。要注意，呢啲名銜只係標示執業範圍，並唔等於專科註冊——目前香港並無跌打專科嘅培訓同資格認證制度。另外，根據《中醫藥條例》第76同82條，註冊中醫須符合中醫組訂明嘅持續進修（CME）要求，先可以續領執業證明書；每個進修周期通常為三年，期間須至少取得六十個進修分數。薪酬方面，受僱者由診所或機構僱主決定，自僱應診者就按診金自負盈虧。","bodyEn":"The Chinese Medicine Ordinance defines 'practising Chinese medicine' as diagnosing, treating, preventing or alleviating disease on the basis of Chinese medicine, prescribing Chinese medicines, or regulating the functional states of the body — and bone-setting is one of the bases the Ordinance names. So someone using manipulation, reduction and topical remedies for sprains and joint pain is, in law, practising Chinese medicine and may not act as a Chinese medicine practitioner while unregistered.\n\nTo become a registered Chinese medicine practitioner (CMP), the gate is first to complete an undergraduate degree in Chinese medicine practice approved by the Practitioners Board of the Chinese Medicine Council (generally not less than five years and primarily in Chinese medicine), then to pass the Chinese Medicine Practitioners Licensing Examination. The examination has Part I (written) and Part II (clinical), is conducted by the Practitioners Board, and its application and scheduling are announced annually by the Council.\n\nAfter registration, section 74 of the Ordinance allows the words 'bone-setting' (among others) to be added after the title 'registered Chinese medicine practitioner' to indicate one's stream of practice. These descriptions only indicate a stream, not a specialist registration — Hong Kong currently has no specialist training or accreditation system for bone-setting. On pay, employed practitioners depend on the clinic or employer, while self-employed practitioners rely on consultation fees.","sections":[{"titleZh":"跌打喺法律上屬中醫執業","titleEn":"Bone-setting is Chinese medicine practice in law","bodyZh":"《中醫藥條例》界定「中醫執業」包括以中醫為基礎診斷、治療、預防或緩解疾病、處方中藥，以及按中醫、針灸或跌打調理人體功能。呢個定義意味住：以跌打手法應診嘅人，其實已經喺中醫執業範圍之內。未註冊而自稱中醫、或明知而作中醫執業，都屬違法，所以「無牌跌打」唔係灰色地帶咁簡單。呢類行為屬刑事罪行，一經定罪可被判處罰款同監禁。","bodyEn":"The Chinese Medicine Ordinance defines 'practising Chinese medicine' to include diagnosing, treating, preventing or alleviating disease on the basis of Chinese medicine, prescribing Chinese medicines, and regulating the body's functional states on the basis of Chinese medicine, acupuncture or bone-setting. That definition means a practitioner who treats by bone-setting is already within the scope of Chinese medicine practice. Claiming to be a CMP, or knowingly practising as one, while unregistered is an offence — so unlicensed bone-setting is not a simple grey area."},{"titleZh":"註冊關卡：學位加執業資格試","titleEn":"The gate: a degree plus the licensing examination","bodyZh":"註冊中醫須完成中醫組認可嘅中醫本科學位課程（一般不少於五年）或同等學歷，再通過中醫執業資格試，先至可以向中醫組申請註冊。考試分第I部分筆試同第II部分臨床考試，考生手冊、報名表同考試日期由中醫藥管理委員會公布。除表列中醫等特定情況外，唔通過執業資格試就唔符合註冊資格。","bodyEn":"To register, a person must complete an undergraduate degree in Chinese medicine practice approved by the Practitioners Board (generally not less than five years) or its equivalent, then pass the licensing examination before applying to the Board for registration. The examination has Part I (written) and Part II (clinical); the candidates' handbook, application forms and examination dates are published by the Chinese Medicine Council. Apart from specific cases such as listed Chinese medicine practitioners, failing the licensing examination means you do not qualify for registration."},{"titleZh":"名銜、範圍同實況","titleEn":"Title, stream and the reality","bodyZh":"註冊後，可按條例喺名銜後加上「跌打」「針灸」或「中醫全科」等字眼，顯示執業範圍，但呢啲只係範圍標示，唔等於專科資格；現時香港冇跌打專科嘅培訓同認證制度。執業者有機會受僱於診所、中醫機構或醫療集團，亦有人自營診所。薪酬由僱主決定或按診金自負盈虧，並無統一官方薪級。另外，註冊中醫須按周期完成持續進修（CME），先可續領執業證明書。","bodyEn":"After registration, the Ordinance allows terms such as 'bone-setting', 'acupuncture' or 'general practice' to be added to the title to indicate the stream, but these are stream descriptions, not specialist qualifications; there is currently no specialist training or accreditation for bone-setting in Hong Kong. Practitioners may be employed by clinics, Chinese medicine institutions or medical groups, or run their own clinic. Pay is set by the employer or, for the self-employed, depends on consultation fees, with no uniform official scale."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。受僱於診所或機構嘅中醫薪酬由僱主決定；自僱應診者按診金自負盈虧；本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. Pay for practitioners employed by clinics or institutions is set by the employer, while the self-employed rely on consultation fees; no income figures are estimated here.","entryZh":["完成中醫組認可嘅中醫本科學位課程（一般不少於五年）或同等學歷","通過中醫執業資格試（第I部分筆試同第II部分臨床考試）","向中醫藥管理委員會中醫組申請註冊為註冊中醫","註冊後方可自稱中醫或作中醫執業","可按條例喺名銜加入「跌打」等執業範圍標示（非專科資格）"],"entryEn":["Completed an undergraduate degree in Chinese medicine practice approved by the Practitioners Board (generally not less than five years) or equivalent","Passed the Chinese Medicine Practitioners Licensing Examination (Part I written and Part II clinical)","Applied to the Practitioners Board of the Chinese Medicine Council for registration","Only after registration may one call oneself a CMP or practise as one","May add stream descriptions such as 'bone-setting' to the title under the Ordinance (not a specialist qualification)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學位加考試路線","titleEn":"Degree then licensing examination","stepsZh":["入讀獲中醫組認可嘅中醫本科學位課程","完成課程並取得學位","報考中醫執業資格試第I部分筆試及第II部分臨床考試","通過後向中醫組申請註冊為註冊中醫","註冊後可加入「跌打」等執業範圍標示"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in an undergraduate Chinese medicine degree approved by the Practitioners Board","Complete the course and obtain the degree","Sit the licensing examination Part I (written) and Part II (clinical)","After passing, apply to the Board for registration as a CMP","After registration, add stream descriptions such as 'bone-setting' to the title"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"表列中醫應考過渡","titleEn":"Listed practitioners sitting the examination","stepsZh":["屬條例下表列中醫者，按中醫組要求應考中醫執業資格試","通過第I部分筆試及第II部分臨床考試","申請註冊為註冊中醫"],"stepsEn":["A listed Chinese medicine practitioner sits the licensing examination as required by the Board","Pass Part I (written) and Part II (clinical)","Apply for registration as a registered CMP"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"註冊中醫（一般執業）","titleEn":"Registered CMP (general practice)"},{"titleZh":"註明執業範圍嘅註冊中醫（如跌打）","titleEn":"Registered CMP with stream noted (e.g. bone-setting)"},{"titleZh":"資深中醫／診所主管","titleEn":"Senior practitioner / clinic supervisor"},{"titleZh":"自營或合夥中醫診所","titleEn":"Owner or partner of a Chinese medicine clinic"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"註冊中醫（一般執業）","titleEn":"Registered CMP (general practice)"},{"titleZh":"註明執業範圍嘅註冊中醫（如跌打）","titleEn":"Registered CMP with stream noted (e.g. bone-setting)"},{"titleZh":"資深中醫／診所主管","titleEn":"Senior practitioner / clinic supervisor"},{"titleZh":"自營或合夥中醫診所","titleEn":"Owner or partner of a Chinese medicine clinic"}],"sourceIds":["careers-bone-setter-1","careers-bone-setter-2","careers-bone-setter-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"building-attendant","titleZh":"大廈管理員","titleEn":"Building attendant","industryZh":"物業及環境服務","industryEn":"Property & environmental services","sectorId":"property","ledeZh":"大廈管理員喺大堂同出入口值勤：登記訪客、巡樓、睇閉路電視同處理事故。呢個職位本身唔一定要持牌，但工作只要涉及保安，就受《保安及護衞服務條例》規管，須持有警務處發出嘅保安人員許可證。","ledeEn":"Building attendants stand duty in lobbies and at entrances: registering visitors, patrolling, watching CCTV and handling incidents. The post itself is not licensed, but any security work falls under the Security and Guarding Services Ordinance and requires a Security Personnel Permit issued by the Police.","bodyZh":"大廈管理員嘅工作好視乎場地：住宅樓多數係訪客登記、跟進住戶投訴、巡樓同睇閘；商場同寫字樓會多啲人群管理、消防通道檢查同協助急救；貨倉、車場就重出入登記同防盜。大部分崗位要輪班，日更、夜更交替，打風落雨期間通常要提早返崗或留守。\n\n法律上嘅關卡係《保安及護衞服務條例》（第460章）：任何人以個人身分為他人有報酬地擔任保安工作，都必須持有有效嘅保安人員許可證；冇證而做，屬違法。許可證按保安工作類別分級（甲、乙、丙、丁類），前線大廈管理員做嘅訪客登記、巡樓、控制出入，通常屬其中一類，須持相應許可證。另外，受僱或終止僱用保安人員，僱主要喺十四日內通知警務處。\n\n至於物業管理方面，《物業管理服務條例》（第626章）自二零二零年八月一日實施發牌制度；只有獲持牌物業管理公司委任、擔任管理或監督角色嘅人，先須持物業管理人牌照。前線、唔擔任管理或監督角色嘅大廈管理員，就唔需要物業管理人牌照，但仍可能要拎保安人員許可證。薪酬由僱主按場地同更制決定。","bodyEn":"The job depends heavily on the venue: residential blocks mean visitor registration, following up complaints, patrols and gate control; malls and offices add crowd management, fire-escape checks and first aid; warehouses and car parks focus on access control and theft prevention. Most posts are shift-based, alternating day and night, and during typhoons or heavy rain you may be called in early or asked to stay.\n\nThe legal gate is the Security and Guarding Services Ordinance (Cap. 460): anyone who, as an individual, performs security work for another for reward must hold a valid Security Personnel Permit, and working without one is an offence. Permits are graded by the type of security work (Types A, B, C and D); the visitor registration, patrols and access control a frontline building attendant performs normally fall within one of these, requiring the matching permit. Employers must also notify the Police within 14 days of employing or ceasing to employ a security person.\n\nOn the property management side, the licensing regime under the Property Management Services Ordinance (Cap. 626) has applied since 1 August 2020: only those appointed by a licensed property management company to a managerial or supervisory role need a Property Management Practitioner licence. A frontline building attendant who is not in a managerial or supervisory role does not need a PMP licence, but may still need a Security Personnel Permit. Pay is set by the employer according to venue and shift pattern.","sections":[{"titleZh":"一日做啲乜","titleEn":"What a shift looks like","bodyZh":"大堂同出入口係主要崗位：登記訪客、核對住戶同送貨人員、監察閉路電視、按時巡樓、記錄異常，並喺突發事故（火警、水浸、有人受傷）時按程序通報同協助。唔同場地重點唔同——商場多人流管理，停車場重出入車輛登記，住宅就多住戶查詢同投訴。由於要輪班同通宵值勤，作息要有心理準備。服務單一私人住宅樓宇嘅守望工作屬甲類許可證，其他處所嘅一般守望工作多屬乙類，兩者都要持相應許可證。","bodyEn":"The lobby and entrances are the main posts: registering visitors, checking residents and delivery staff, watching CCTV, doing timed patrols, logging anything unusual, and reporting and assisting by procedure in incidents such as fire, flooding or injury. Different venues stress different things — malls focus on crowd management, car parks on registering vehicles, and residential blocks on residents' enquiries and complaints. With shift work and overnight duty, you should be prepared for the routine. Guarding a single private residential building falls under Category A, while general guarding of other premises is normally Category B, and each requires the matching permit."},{"titleZh":"保安人員許可證：真正嘅硬關卡","titleEn":"The real gate: the Security Personnel Permit","bodyZh":"只要以個人身分為他人有報酬地擔任保安工作，就必須持有效嘅保安人員許可證，違者可被罰款同監禁。許可證按工作類別分甲、乙、丙、丁四類；年屆六十五歲或以上嘅甲／乙類申請人，須提交醫生證明書，並喺其後每兩年再交。屬丁類工作嘅申請人要證明具備相關技巧，首次申請須出示未來僱主嘅聘用信。","bodyEn":"Anyone performing security work for another for reward as an individual must hold a valid Security Personnel Permit; working without one carries fines and imprisonment. Permits are divided into Types A, B, C and D by the type of work. Applicants aged 65 or above for Type A or B must provide a medical certificate and resubmit one every two years afterwards. Type D applicants must show the relevant skills, and first-time applicants must produce an offer letter from their prospective employer."},{"titleZh":"物業管理發牌制度關唔關你事","titleEn":"Whether the property management regime applies","bodyZh":"二零二零年八月一日起，《物業管理服務條例》下嘅發牌制度實施，過渡期於二零二三年七月三十一日結束。物業管理人若獲須持牌嘅物業管理公司委任，就物業管理服務擔任管理或監督角色，須持物業管理人牌照（分第1級同第2級）；其餘唔擔任管理或監督角色嘅前線員工就唔需要。換句話講，一般大廈管理員唔受物業管理人發牌規管，但做保安部分就要許可證。","bodyEn":"Since 1 August 2020 the licensing regime under the Property Management Services Ordinance has applied, with the transitional period ending on 31 July 2023. A property management practitioner appointed by a licensed property management company to a managerial or supervisory role needs a PMP licence (Tier 1 or Tier 2); other frontline staff not in such a role do not. In short, an ordinary building attendant is not caught by the PMP licensing regime, but the security part of the job still requires a permit."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。薪酬由僱主按場地類型、更制長短（例如 8 或 12 小時）、日夜更同外判安排決定；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. Pay is set by the employer according to venue type, shift length (for example 8 or 12 hours), day or night shift and outsourcing arrangements; no monthly figure is estimated here.","entryZh":["如工作涉及保安（訪客登記、巡樓、控制出入），須持有警務處發出嘅保安人員許可證","年屆65歲或以上申請甲／乙類許可證，須提交醫生證明書","申請丁類許可證須具備相關技巧證明，首次申請須出示未來僱主聘用信","通常唔設學歷要求，但需能操粵語，個別場地要求普通話或英語","擔任管理或監督角色者，另須持物業管理人牌照"],"entryEn":["If the job involves security work (visitor registration, patrols, access control), a Security Personnel Permit from the Police is required","Applicants aged 65 or above for Type A or B permits must submit a medical certificate","Type D applicants must show relevant skills and, on first application, produce an offer letter from the prospective employer","There is normally no academic requirement, but Cantonese is needed and some venues require Putonghua or English","Those in a managerial or supervisory role also need a Property Management Practitioner licence"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"先考保安人員許可證","titleEn":"Get the Security Personnel Permit first","stepsZh":["向警務處牌照課申請保安人員許可證，選擇合適類別","按需要提交訓練證明、醫生證明書或聘用信等文件","持證後應徵物業管理公司或大廈嘅管理員職位","入職後由主管帶更，熟習場地流程同應急程序"],"stepsEn":["Apply to the Police Licensing Office for a Security Personnel Permit in the appropriate type","Submit supporting documents such as training proof, a medical certificate or an offer letter as required","With the permit, apply for attendant posts at property management firms or buildings","Learn the site's procedures and emergency drills on the job"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"想升管理層，先讀物管課程","titleEn":"To move up, study property management first","stepsZh":["修讀物業管理業監管局認可嘅物業管理學歷課程","累積物業管理工作經驗","符合持牌準則後申請物業管理人牌照","由前線轉做管理或監督崗位"],"stepsEn":["Take a property management course recognised by the Property Management Services Authority","Build up relevant property management work experience","Apply for a Property Management Practitioner licence once the licensing criteria are met","Move from the frontline into a managerial or supervisory role"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"大廈管理員（持保安人員許可證）","titleEn":"Building attendant (with Security Personnel Permit)"},{"titleZh":"保安主管／帶更","titleEn":"Security supervisor"},{"titleZh":"物業管理主任（須物業管理人牌照）","titleEn":"Property management officer (PMP licence required)"},{"titleZh":"物業經理（須物業管理人牌照）","titleEn":"Property manager (PMP licence required)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"大廈管理員（持保安人員許可證）","titleEn":"Building attendant (with Security Personnel Permit)"},{"titleZh":"保安主管／帶更","titleEn":"Security supervisor"},{"titleZh":"物業管理主任（須物業管理人牌照）","titleEn":"Property management officer (PMP licence required)"},{"titleZh":"物業經理（須物業管理人牌照）","titleEn":"Property manager (PMP licence required)"}],"sourceIds":["careers-building-attendant-1","careers-building-attendant-2","careers-building-attendant-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"building-services-engineer","titleZh":"屋宇裝備工程師","titleEn":"Building services engineer","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"屋宇裝備工程師統籌樓宇嘅機電裝備：冷氣通風、消防、給排水、電力同升降機，做設計、協調圖則同系統測試。想用「工程師」身分簽署法定文件，須註冊為工程師註冊管理局嘅註冊專業工程師（RPE）。","ledeEn":"Building services engineers coordinate a building's mechanical and electrical services: air conditioning and ventilation, fire services, plumbing and drainage, power and lifts, covering design, drawing coordination and system testing. To sign statutory documents as an engineer, one must register as a Registered Professional Engineer (RPE) with the Engineers Registration Board.","bodyZh":"屋宇裝備工程師喺設計階段要為樓宇揀系統同設備、計負荷、畫圖則；施工階段要協調唔同工種、審批物料同監督安裝；完工階段就要做測試同驗收，確保系統符合法例同設計要求。由於機電系統關乎消防、電力同供水安全，呢個專業同樓宇安全直接掛鈎。\n\n入行要行兩重關卡。第一重係香港工程師學會（HKIE）會員：須持認可榮譽學位或同等學歷、接受足夠訓練（例如Scheme A畢業生培訓）、累積足夠責任經驗，並通過專業評核。第二重係向工程師註冊管理局（ERB）註冊為註冊專業工程師（RPE）：申請人須持可接受嘅資格、喺申請前具備一年相關嘅畢業後專業經驗，並通常居於香港。呢個制度源自《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）。以Scheme A為例，屋宇裝備等大部分界別嘅培訓期一般為兩年（土木、環境、岩土同結構界別為三年），完成後再累積責任經驗；專業評核由面試同筆試兩大部分組成。\n\n屋宇裝備係HKIE其中一個界別，受規管嘅工程須由合資格嘅RPE簽署。政府嘅工程師職位薪酬按公務員薪級表；私人市場就由僱主按公司規模同項目決定。","bodyEn":"At design stage a building services engineer selects systems and equipment, calculates loads and draws plans; at construction stage the role is to coordinate trades, approve materials and supervise installation; at completion it is testing and commissioning to meet statutory and design requirements. Because M&E systems govern fire, electrical and water safety, the profession is tied directly to building safety.\n\nEntry runs through two gates. The first is corporate membership of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (HKIE): an accredited honours degree or equivalent, adequate training (for example the Scheme A graduate training), sufficient responsible experience, and a pass in the Professional Assessment. The second is registration with the Engineers Registration Board (ERB) as a Registered Professional Engineer (RPE): the applicant must hold an acceptable qualification, have one year of relevant post-qualification professional experience before applying, and be ordinarily resident in Hong Kong. This system derives from the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409).\n\nBuilding services is one of the HKIE's disciplines, and regulated engineering work must be signed by a qualified RPE. Government engineer posts follow the civil-service pay scales, while private-sector pay is set by the employer according to firm size and projects.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the role covers","bodyZh":"屋宇裝備工程師嘅工作橫跨設計、施工同調試：為樓宇設計冷氣通風、消防、給排水、電力同升降機系統，計負荷同做設備選型，畫同協調圖則，審批物料樣本，監督安裝，最後做系統測試同驗收。由於機電系統一旦出錯，可能影響消防、電力同供水安全，所以同結構、建築等專業要緊密配合。整個過程都要跟足相關法例同標準。","bodyEn":"The role spans design, construction and commissioning: designing air conditioning and ventilation, fire services, plumbing and drainage, power and lift systems; calculating loads and selecting equipment; drawing and coordinating plans; approving material samples; supervising installation; and finally testing and commissioning. Because an M&E error can affect fire, electrical and water safety, the discipline must work closely with structural and architectural professionals. Throughout, the work must comply with the relevant statutory requirements and codes of practice so that services fit together without clashing."},{"titleZh":"兩重關卡：HKIE會員加RPE註冊","titleEn":"Two gates: HKIE membership then RPE registration","bodyZh":"第一重係香港工程師學會會員：須持認可榮譽學位、接受足夠訓練（如Scheme A）、累積足夠責任經驗並通過專業評核。第二重係向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師：須持可接受嘅資格、申請前具一年相關畢業後專業經驗，並通常居於香港。香港工程師學會同ERB各有角色——學會負責專業評核，ERB負責法定註冊。","bodyEn":"The first gate is HKIE membership: an accredited honours degree, adequate training (such as Scheme A), sufficient responsible experience and a pass in the Professional Assessment. The second is registration with the ERB as an RPE: an acceptable qualification, one year of relevant post-qualification professional experience before applying, and ordinary residence in Hong Kong. The HKIE and the ERB have distinct roles — the Institution assesses professional competence, while the Board handles statutory registration. Scheme A training normally lasts two years for most disciplines, and the Professional Assessment has both an interview and a writing component."},{"titleZh":"界別、實況同薪酬依據","titleEn":"Discipline, reality and pay basis","bodyZh":"屋宇裝備係香港工程師學會嘅其中一個界別，註冊專業工程師須喺指定界別註冊，先可以喺受規管工程中簽署文件。行業需求同大型基建、樓宇維修同更新息息相關。薪酬方面，私人市場並無統一官方薪級，由僱主決定；政府嘅工程師職位則按公務員總薪級表訂定。另外，學會要求會員持續參與專業進修（CPD），以維持專業水平。","bodyEn":"Building services is one of the HKIE's engineering disciplines, and an RPE must be registered in a designated discipline to sign documents on regulated works. Demand tracks major infrastructure and building repair and upgrading. On pay, there is no uniform official scale in the private sector — the employer decides — while government engineer posts follow the civil-service Master Pay Scale. The Institution also expects its members to undertake continuing professional development annually so as to maintain their professional standing and technical competence."}],"payBasisZh":"私人市場無官方薪級，薪酬由僱主決定；政府工程師職位按公務員總薪級表（MPS）訂定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"There is no official pay scale in the private sector; pay is set by the employer. Government engineer posts follow the civil-service Master Pay Scale (MPS). No specific figures are listed here.","entryZh":["取得香港工程師學會認可嘅工程學位或同等學歷","完成HKIE Scheme A或認可嘅正式訓練，並累積足夠責任經驗","通過HKIE專業評核，成為會員（MHKIE）","符合ERB規定：可接受資格、申請前一年相關畢業後專業經驗、通常居於香港","向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師（RPE）"],"entryEn":["Hold an engineering degree accredited by the HKIE or an acceptable equivalent","Complete HKIE Scheme A or another recognised formal training and build sufficient responsible experience","Pass the HKIE Professional Assessment and become a Member (MHKIE)","Meet ERB conditions: an acceptable qualification, one year of relevant post-qualification professional experience, and ordinary residence in Hong Kong","Register with the Engineers Registration Board as a Registered Professional Engineer (RPE)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"大學、Scheme A、專業評核","titleEn":"Degree, Scheme A, Professional Assessment","stepsZh":["入讀HKIE認可嘅工程學位課程","畢業後加入Scheme A培訓計劃，接受在職訓練","累積經驗並通過HKIE專業評核，成為會員","向ERB申請註冊為RPE（屋宇裝備界別）"],"stepsEn":["Enter an engineering degree accredited by the HKIE","Join a Scheme A training programme after graduation","Build experience and pass the HKIE Professional Assessment to become a Member","Apply to the ERB for RPE registration (Building Services discipline)"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"一般經驗路線","titleEn":"General experience route","stepsZh":["持認可學歷並累積相關工程經驗（非Scheme A）","補足持續專業發展要求","通過HKIE專業評核","向ERB申請RPE註冊"],"stepsEn":["Hold an acceptable qualification and build relevant engineering experience without Scheme A","Meet the continuing professional development requirements","Pass the HKIE Professional Assessment","Apply to the ERB for RPE registration"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習工程師（Scheme A受訓）","titleEn":"Graduate engineer (Scheme A trainee)"},{"titleZh":"助理工程師","titleEn":"Assistant engineer"},{"titleZh":"工程師（HKIE會員／RPE）","titleEn":"Engineer (MHKIE / RPE)"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior engineer"},{"titleZh":"總工程師／部門主管","titleEn":"Chief engineer / department head"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習工程師（Scheme A受訓）","titleEn":"Graduate engineer (Scheme A trainee)"},{"titleZh":"助理工程師","titleEn":"Assistant engineer"},{"titleZh":"工程師（HKIE會員／RPE）","titleEn":"Engineer (MHKIE / RPE)"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior engineer"},{"titleZh":"總工程師／部門主管","titleEn":"Chief engineer / department head"}],"sourceIds":["careers-building-services-engineer-1","careers-building-services-engineer-2","careers-building-services-engineer-3","careers-building-services-engineer-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"building-surveyor","titleZh":"建築測量師","titleEn":"Building surveyor","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"建築測量師做樓宇狀況調查、維修同改建計劃、樓宇安全檢驗同遵例審查，並處理滲水、僭建同維修爭議。專業資歷經香港測量師學會嘅專業評核試取得；要成為註冊專業測量師，就要向測量師註冊管理局註冊。","ledeEn":"Building surveyors carry out condition surveys, repair and alteration plans, safety inspections and compliance reviews, and handle water seepage, unauthorised works and repair disputes. Professional status comes through the HKIS assessment; to be a Registered Professional Surveyor you must register with the Surveyors Registration Board.","bodyZh":"建築測量師專注現有樓宇嘅健康同安全：做樓宇狀況調查、設計維修同改建方案、檢驗樓宇安全同審查有否遵從法例，並處理滲水、僭建同維修責任爭議。呢個組別同《建築物條例》、強制驗樓同驗窗等法定制度關係密切，所以專業判斷同紀錄相當重要。\n\n專業資歷嘅關卡係香港測量師學會（HKIS）。學會按專業分六個組別，建築測量係其中之一；一般而言，申請人要持有獲認可嘅學歷，加入學會成為見習測量師，並視乎組別要求，通過最少二十四個月嘅訓練同專業評核試，先至成為專業會員（MHKIS）。建築測量嘅專業評核（APC）要求見習測量師將認可嘅實務訓練記錄喺工作日誌，並每年完成最少二十小時嘅職前結構化學習，實務訓練日誌要記錄同分析實際做過嘅項目。\n\n要正式以「測量師」身分執業、簽署相關文件，就要註冊。根據《測量師註冊條例》（第417章），測量師註冊管理局負責註冊專業測量師（RPS）；申請人須通常居於香港、喺所屬專業組別有能力執業，並屬適當人選等。政府嘅屋宇測量師職位按薪級表，私人市場薪酬就由僱主決定。","bodyEn":"Building surveyors focus on the health and safety of existing buildings: condition surveys, repair and alteration design, safety inspection and compliance review, and handling disputes over water seepage, unauthorised building works and repair responsibility. The division is closely tied to the Buildings Ordinance and statutory schemes such as mandatory building and window inspection, so professional judgement and records matter greatly.\n\nThe professional gate is the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors (HKIS). The Institute divides members by profession into six divisions, of which building surveying is one; generally, an applicant holds an approved academic qualification, joins as a probationer, and — depending on the division — completes a minimum of 24 months' training and the professional assessment to become a Member (MHKIS).\n\nTo practise and sign documents formally as a surveyor, registration is required. Under the Surveyors Registration Ordinance (Cap. 417), the Surveyors Registration Board registers Registered Professional Surveyors (RPS); applicants must be ordinarily resident in Hong Kong, competent to practise in the relevant division, and a fit and proper person. Government building surveyor posts follow the pay scale, while private-sector pay is set by the employer.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the role covers","bodyZh":"建築測量師唔係起新樓，而係照顧現有樓宇：做樓宇狀況調查，評估結構同設施狀況；擬備維修、改建同加建方案；進行樓宇安全檢驗同遵例審查；處理滲水、僭建同維修責任等爭議，並喺強制驗樓、驗窗等法定制度下提供專業意見。工作涉及實地勘察、撰寫報告同同多個部門同專業協調。工作亦要同業主、業主立案法團同政府部門打交道。","bodyEn":"Building surveyors do not build new towers; they look after existing buildings: condition surveys assessing structure and installations; preparing repair, alteration and addition plans; safety inspection and compliance review; and handling disputes over water seepage, unauthorised works and repair responsibility, as well as advising under statutory schemes such as mandatory building and window inspection. The work involves site inspection, report writing and coordination with multiple bodies and professions. The role also involves dealing with owners, owners' corporations and government departments on compliance matters."},{"titleZh":"HKIS會籍同專業評核","titleEn":"HKIS membership and assessment","bodyZh":"香港測量師學會嘅會籍分級，專業會員（MHKIS）同資深專業會員（FHKIS）屬正式會員，並按專業分為六個組別，包括建築測量。一般而言，申請人須取得認可學歷，加入學會成為見習測量師，視乎組別通過最少二十四個月嘅訓練，並符合有關評估，入會申請先會獲考慮；另設互認協議路線。建築測量嘅專業評核（APC）包括實務訓練日誌同每年最少二十小時嘅結構化學習。","bodyEn":"HKIS membership is graded; Member (MHKIS) and Fellow (FHKIS) are the corporate classes, and the Institute is divided by profession into six divisions, including building surveying. Generally, an applicant obtains an approved qualification, joins as a probationer, completes a minimum of 24 months' training depending on the division, and satisfies the relevant assessments before election is considered; there is also a reciprocal-recognition route. The building surveying APC requires a documented log book of approved practical training and at least 20 hours a year of pre-qualification structured learning."},{"titleZh":"註冊專業測量師（RPS）同實況","titleEn":"Registered Professional Surveyor and the reality","bodyZh":"想以註冊身分執業，須按《測量師註冊條例》（第417章）向測量師註冊管理局申請成為註冊專業測量師，條件包括通常居於香港、喺所屬專業組別有能力執業、非受相關紀律程序限制，並屬適當人選等。業界需求同樓宇老化、維修同安全規管息息相關。政府屋宇測量師按公務員薪級表，私人市場由僱主決定。","bodyEn":"To practise in a registered capacity, you apply under the Surveyors Registration Ordinance (Cap. 417) to the Surveyors Registration Board to become a Registered Professional Surveyor, meeting conditions such as being ordinarily resident in Hong Kong, competent to practise in the relevant division, not subject to a disqualifying disciplinary order, and being a fit and proper person. Demand is tied to ageing buildings, repair and safety regulation. Government building surveyor pay follows the civil-service scale, while private-sector pay is set by the employer."}],"payBasisZh":"私人市場無官方薪級，薪酬由僱主決定；政府測量師職位按公務員薪級表訂定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"There is no official pay scale in the private sector; pay is set by the employer. Government surveyor posts follow the civil-service pay scales. No specific figures are listed here.","entryZh":["取得HKIS認可嘅測量學學位或同等學歷","加入HKIS成為見習測量師","在專業測量師指導下完成最少24個月訓練（視組別而定）","通過建築測量組嘅專業評核試，成為專業會員（MHKIS）","向測量師註冊管理局申請註冊為註冊專業測量師（RPS）"],"entryEn":["Hold a surveying degree approved by the HKIS or an acceptable equivalent","Join the HKIS as a probationer","Complete a minimum of 24 months' training under a professional surveyor (depending on the division)","Pass the Building Surveying Division assessment to become a Member (MHKIS)","Apply to the Surveyors Registration Board to register as a Registered Professional Surveyor (RPS)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學位路線","titleEn":"Degree route","stepsZh":["入讀HKIS認可嘅測量學位課程","加入HKIS成為見習測量師","接受最少24個月嘅在職專業訓練","通過專業評核試成為MHKIS","向測量師註冊管理局註冊為RPS"],"stepsEn":["Enter a surveying degree accredited by the HKIS","Join the HKIS as a probationer","Complete at least 24 months of supervised professional training","Pass the professional assessment to become MHKIS","Register with the Surveyors Registration Board as an RPS"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"互認協議路線","titleEn":"Reciprocal recognition route","stepsZh":["持互認協議認可嘅海外專業測量學會會籍","向HKIS申請會籍","再向測量師註冊管理局申請RPS註冊"],"stepsEn":["Hold membership of an overseas professional surveying body covered by a reciprocal-recognition agreement","Apply for HKIS membership","Then apply to the Surveyors Registration Board for RPS registration"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習測量師","titleEn":"Probationer"},{"titleZh":"專業會員（測量師）MHKIS","titleEn":"Corporate Member (MHKIS)"},{"titleZh":"資深專業會員 FHKIS","titleEn":"Fellow (FHKIS)"},{"titleZh":"組別主管／合夥人","titleEn":"Division head / partner"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習測量師","titleEn":"Probationer"},{"titleZh":"專業會員（測量師）MHKIS","titleEn":"Corporate Member (MHKIS)"},{"titleZh":"資深專業會員 FHKIS","titleEn":"Fellow (FHKIS)"},{"titleZh":"組別主管／合夥人","titleEn":"Division head / partner"}],"sourceIds":["careers-building-surveyor-1","careers-building-surveyor-2","careers-building-surveyor-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"canoe-instructor","titleZh":"獨木舟教練","titleEn":"Canoe instructor","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","ledeZh":"獨木舟教練教划艇技術、覆艇處理同救援程序，並規劃海上路線、留意風浪水流。香港嘅獨木舟教練資歷由中國香港獨木舟總會分級簽發，要逐級考取證書，並要有救生同急救資歷。","ledeEn":"Canoe instructors teach paddling, capsize recovery and rescue, plan sea routes and watch wind, waves and current. In Hong Kong, coaching qualifications are graded and issued by the Hong Kong China Canoe Union, earned level by level, with life-saving and first-aid credentials required.","bodyZh":"獨木舟教練嘅日常包括教授星章同各級技術課程、示範覆艇後嘅處理、講解安全同救援程序、帶隊進行海上旅程，以及留意天氣、潮汐同水流變化。教練唔止要划得好，仲要識教、識睇風險、識應變，因為一旦喺海上出事，第一個要處理嘅就係教練。\n\n關卡係教練證書，由中國香港獨木舟總會分級簽發，並按艇種分門別類（例如獨木舟、競賽、海洋等），資歷由一級、二級到三級遞進。以二級競賽教練課程為例，參加資格包括：年滿二十一歲嘅總會會員、持一級競賽教練證書、持高級競賽員證書、持總會有效獨木舟救生員證書同認可機構嘅有效急救證書、具備教授初級競賽員課程嘅經驗、持海事處簽發嘅遊樂船隻操作人合格證明或相關資歷，以及冇紀律或性罪行相關紀錄等。\n\n呢啲資歷係行業同康文署水上活動中心認可嘅訓練憑證，並唔係政府發牌。總會每年按報名人數開辦唔同等級嘅課程，並非恆常收生，所以有心考某一級就要留意公布。教練可以受僱於水上活動中心、會所或學校，亦有人自僱接班；收入由僱主或按班別收費決定。","bodyEn":"A canoe instructor's day includes teaching star-award and graded technique courses, demonstrating capsize recovery, explaining safety and rescue procedures, leading sea journeys, and watching weather, tides and currents. The instructor must not only paddle well but also teach, read risk and respond, because if something goes wrong at sea the instructor is the first responder.\n\nThe gate is the coaching certificate, graded and issued by the Hong Kong China Canoe Union and divided by craft type (such as canoeing, racing and sea). Qualifications progress from Level 1 to Level 2 to Level 3. For the Level 2 racing coach course, for example, the entry conditions include: being a Union member aged 21 or above; holding a Level 1 racing coach certificate; holding a senior competitor certificate; holding a valid Union canoe life-saving certificate and a valid first-aid certificate from a recognised body; having experience teaching the junior competitor course; holding a Marine Department pleasure-vessel operator certificate or recognised equivalent; and having no disciplinary or sexual-offence-related records.\n\nThese qualifications are the credentials recognised by the trade and by LCSD water sports centres; they are not a government licence. The Union runs courses at different levels each year depending on enrolment, so there is no constant intake, and anyone targeting a specific level must watch the announcements. Instructors may be employed by water sports centres, clubs or schools, or work freelance; pay is set by the employer or per class.","sections":[{"titleZh":"一日做啲乜","titleEn":"What the job looks like","bodyZh":"教練要為學員做安全簡介、檢查裝備同救生衣，然後教基本划舟技術、覆艇後嘅處理同救援方法；帶旅程時要規劃路線、判讀天氣同水流，並喺途中照顧不同程度嘅學員。課後仲要檢視裝備同記錄進度，部分教練會兼做裁判或協助總會培訓。工作多數喺週末同假期，旺季相當繁忙。帶隊前亦要確認參加者嘅資歷同人手比例。","bodyEn":"Instructors give a safety briefing, check equipment and life jackets, then teach basic paddling, capsize recovery and rescue methods; on journeys they plan the route, read the weather and current, and look after paddlers of different abilities. After class they inspect kit and record progress, and some also act as officials or help with Union training. Most work is at weekends and on holidays, and peak season is busy. Before a journey, an instructor also checks participants' qualifications and the required staff-to-paddler ratio."},{"titleZh":"教練資歷點分級同要求","titleEn":"How coaching qualifications are graded","bodyZh":"教練證書由中國香港獨木舟總會分級簽發，按艇種分類，並由一級逐級升至二級、三級。以二級競賽教練課程為例，要求包括：年滿二十一歲嘅總會會員、持一級競賽教練證書、持高級競賽員證書、持有效獨木舟救生員同急救證書、具教授初級課程嘅經驗、持海事處遊樂船隻操作人合格證明，以及冇紀律同性罪行相關紀錄。","bodyEn":"Coaching certificates are graded and issued by the Hong Kong China Canoe Union, divided by craft type, and progress from Level 1 upwards through Levels 2 and 3. The Level 2 racing coach course, for example, requires a Union member aged 21 or above, a Level 1 racing coach certificate, a senior competitor certificate, valid canoe life-saving and first-aid certificates, experience teaching a junior course, a Marine Department pleasure-vessel operator certificate, and no disciplinary or sexual-offence-related records. The Level 3 sea canoe course raises the minimum age to 25 and requires a Level 2 sea canoe coach certificate."},{"titleZh":"開班實況同出路","titleEn":"Course reality and what it leads to","bodyZh":"總會每年按報名人數開辦唔同等級嘅課程，例如三級競賽、三級龍舟（傳統艇）同二級競賽教練課程，並非長期收生；部分課程仲會因報名人數不足而未能開辦。教練出路包括受僱於康文署水上活動中心、私人會所、學校或度假營，亦可自僱接辦訓練班。收入由僱主或按班別收費決定。部分較高級嘅課程仲有年齡同裁判資歷嘅附加要求。","bodyEn":"The Union runs courses at different levels each year depending on enrolment — for example Level 3 racing, Level 3 dragon boat (traditional) and Level 2 racing coach courses — so intake is not continuous, and some courses may not open if there are too few applicants. Instructors may work at LCSD water sports centres, private clubs, schools or holiday camps, or freelance on training courses. Pay is set by the employer or per class. Some higher-level courses set extra age and officiating-qualification conditions."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。受僱於中心、會所或學校嘅教練薪酬由僱主決定，自僱教練按班別或時數收費；本站不估算收入。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. Pay for instructors employed by centres, clubs or schools is set by the employer, while freelance instructors charge per class or per hour; no income figures are estimated here.","entryZh":["先成為中國香港獨木舟總會會員","由低級教練證書考起，逐級考取（如一級、二級、三級）","持有總會有效嘅獨木舟救生員證書同認可機構嘅有效急救證書","部分級別要求持有高級競賽員證書、海事處遊樂船隻操作人合格證明","具備教授指定訓練課程嘅經驗，並通過筆試同實習考核"],"entryEn":["First become a member of the Hong Kong China Canoe Union","Start from the lower coaching certificate and work up level by level (for example Levels 1, 2 and 3)","Hold a valid Union canoe life-saving certificate and a valid first-aid certificate from a recognised body","Some levels require a senior competitor certificate and a Marine Department pleasure-vessel operator certificate","Have experience teaching the specified training course and pass the written and practical assessments"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由會員逐級考教練證","titleEn":"From member to graded coach","stepsZh":["加入中國香港獨木舟總會成為會員","考取各級獨木舟技術證書（星章、中級、高級）","取得獨木舟救生員證書同急救證書","報考一級教練課程，再按年資逐級考二、三級"],"stepsEn":["Join the Hong Kong China Canoe Union as a member","Earn the graded canoeing technique certificates (star awards, intermediate, advanced)","Obtain the canoe life-saving certificate and a first-aid certificate","Take the Level 1 coaching course, then progress to Levels 2 and 3 with experience"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"由運動員轉教練","titleEn":"From competitor to coach","stepsZh":["以運動員身分考取高級競賽員證書","持一級競賽教練證書","累積教授初級課程嘅日數","符合年齡、救生同急救等要求後報讀二級競賽教練課程"],"stepsEn":["Earn a senior competitor certificate as an athlete","Hold a Level 1 racing coach certificate","Build up days of teaching junior courses","Once age, life-saving and first-aid requirements are met, enrol in the Level 2 racing coach course"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"一級教練（KL1／RK1）","titleEn":"Level 1 coach (KL1 / RK1)"},{"titleZh":"二級教練（KL2／RK2）","titleEn":"Level 2 coach (KL2 / RK2)"},{"titleZh":"三級教練（KL3／RK3）","titleEn":"Level 3 coach (KL3 / RK3)"},{"titleZh":"資深／總會培訓導師","titleEn":"Senior / Union training instructor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"一級教練（KL1／RK1）","titleEn":"Level 1 coach (KL1 / RK1)"},{"titleZh":"二級教練（KL2／RK2）","titleEn":"Level 2 coach (KL2 / RK2)"},{"titleZh":"三級教練（KL3／RK3）","titleEn":"Level 3 coach (KL3 / RK3)"},{"titleZh":"資深／總會培訓導師","titleEn":"Senior / Union training instructor"}],"sourceIds":["careers-canoe-instructor-1","careers-canoe-instructor-2","careers-canoe-instructor-3","careers-canoe-instructor-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"chemical-engineer","titleZh":"化學工程師","titleEn":"Chemical engineer","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"化學工程師把實驗室流程放大到生產線：設計反應同分離程序、控制品質同安全、計算物料同能量平衡。要簽署法定文件，同樣要走香港工程師學會會員加工程師註冊管理局RPE註冊呢兩步。","ledeEn":"Chemical engineers scale laboratory processes up to production: designing reaction and separation steps, controlling quality and safety, and calculating material and energy balances. To sign statutory documents, they too must pass through HKIE membership and RPE registration with the Engineers Registration Board.","bodyZh":"化學工程師嘅重點唔係發現新物質，而係把可行嘅化學流程變成一條安全、穩定、合乎成本嘅生產線。日常工作包括設計反應器同分離程序、計算物料同能量平衡、選材同控制腐蝕、設計安全同排放系統，以及監控品質。佢哋活躍喺石化、製藥、食品、能源、環保同材料等行業。\n\n專業關卡同其他工程界別一樣，分兩重。第一重係香港工程師學會（HKIE）會員：須持認可榮譽學位、接受足夠訓練（如Scheme A）、累積足夠責任經驗並通過專業評核。第二重係向工程師註冊管理局（ERB）註冊為註冊專業工程師（RPE）：須持可接受嘅資格、申請前具一年相關畢業後專業經驗，並通常居於香港。化學工程係HKIE其中一個界別。\n\n呢個制度源自《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）。以Scheme A為例，化學工程等界別嘅培訓期一般為兩年，完成後再累積責任經驗，專業評核由面試同筆試兩部分組成。化學工程師嘅工作同安全息息相關，尤其涉及危險品、高壓同高溫程序，所以規範同經驗缺一不可。薪酬方面，私人市場無統一官方薪級，由僱主決定；政府相關職位按公務員薪級表。","bodyEn":"A chemical engineer's focus is not discovering new substances but turning a workable chemical process into a safe, stable and cost-effective production line. The day-to-day includes designing reactors and separation steps, calculating material and energy balances, selecting materials and controlling corrosion, designing safety and emission systems, and monitoring quality. Chemical engineers work across petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, food, energy, environmental protection and materials.\n\nThe professional gate is the same two-step as other engineering disciplines. The first is corporate membership of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (HKIE): an accredited honours degree, adequate training (such as Scheme A), sufficient responsible experience and a pass in the Professional Assessment. The second is registration with the Engineers Registration Board (ERB) as a Registered Professional Engineer (RPE): an acceptable qualification, one year of relevant post-qualification professional experience before applying, and ordinary residence in Hong Kong. Chemical engineering is one of the HKIE's disciplines.\n\nThe system derives from the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409). Because the work involves dangerous goods and high-pressure and high-temperature processes, regulation and experience are both essential. On pay, there is no uniform official scale in the private sector — the employer decides — while related government posts follow the civil-service pay scales.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the role covers","bodyZh":"化學工程師將實驗室可行嘅流程放大：設計反應器同分離設備、計算物料同能量平衡、揀選耐腐蝕材料、設計安全閥同排放處理、制定操作條件同監控品質。佢哋亦要為程序做風險評估同危害分析，確保符合安全同環保法規。行業涵蓋石化、製藥、食品、能源、環保同材料。呢啲工作都要符合相關安全同環保法規嘅要求。","bodyEn":"Chemical engineers scale up a process that works in the lab: designing reactors and separation equipment, calculating material and energy balances, selecting corrosion-resistant materials, designing relief and emission systems, setting operating conditions and monitoring quality. They also carry out risk assessment and hazard analysis to meet safety and environmental rules. The field spans petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, food, energy, environmental protection and materials. All of the work must satisfy the relevant safety, health and environmental legislation as well as recognised codes of practice."},{"titleZh":"兩重關卡：HKIE會員加RPE註冊","titleEn":"Two gates: HKIE membership then RPE registration","bodyZh":"第一重係香港工程師學會會員：認可榮譽學位、足夠訓練（如Scheme A）、足夠責任經驗同專業評核。第二重係向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師：持可接受資格、申請前一年相關畢業後專業經驗、通常居於香港。化學工程係學會其中一個界別，註冊專業工程師須喺指定界別註冊先至可以簽署受規管工程文件。","bodyEn":"The first gate is HKIE membership: an accredited honours degree, adequate training (such as Scheme A), sufficient responsible experience and the Professional Assessment. The second is registration with the ERB as an RPE: an acceptable qualification, one year of relevant post-qualification professional experience before applying, and ordinary residence in Hong Kong. Chemical engineering is one of the Institution's disciplines, and an RPE must be registered in a designated discipline to sign documents on regulated works. For chemical engineering the Scheme A training period is normally two years."},{"titleZh":"界別實況同薪酬依據","titleEn":"Discipline reality and pay basis","bodyZh":"化學工程師常受僱於化工、製藥、能源、顧問同政府部門，負責程序設計、生產技術支援、安全同環保管理。由於工作涉及危險品同高風險程序，相關法規同內部守則都較嚴，新人多數由見習或助理工程師做起。私人市場薪酬由僱主決定，並無統一官方薪級；政府相關職位按公務員薪級表訂定。會員亦要持續參與專業進修。","bodyEn":"Chemical engineers are often employed by chemical, pharmaceutical and energy firms, consultancies and government departments, handling process design, production technical support, and safety and environmental management. Because the work involves dangerous goods and high-risk processes, both regulation and internal rules are strict, and newcomers usually begin as graduate or assistant engineers. Private-sector pay is set by the employer with no uniform official scale; related government posts follow the civil-service pay scales. Members are also expected to keep up continuing professional development."}],"payBasisZh":"私人市場無官方薪級，薪酬由僱主決定；政府相關工程師職位按公務員總薪級表（MPS）訂定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"There is no official pay scale in the private sector; pay is set by the employer. Related government engineer posts follow the civil-service Master Pay Scale (MPS). No specific figures are listed here.","entryZh":["取得香港工程師學會認可嘅工程學位或同等學歷","完成HKIE Scheme A或認可嘅正式訓練，並累積足夠責任經驗","通過HKIE專業評核，成為會員（MHKIE）","符合ERB規定：可接受資格、申請前一年相關畢業後專業經驗、通常居於香港","向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師（RPE）"],"entryEn":["Hold an engineering degree accredited by the HKIE or an acceptable equivalent","Complete HKIE Scheme A or another recognised formal training and build sufficient responsible experience","Pass the HKIE Professional Assessment and become a Member (MHKIE)","Meet ERB conditions: an acceptable qualification, one year of relevant post-qualification professional experience, and ordinary residence in Hong Kong","Register with the Engineers Registration Board as a Registered Professional Engineer (RPE)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"大學、Scheme A、專業評核","titleEn":"Degree, Scheme A, Professional Assessment","stepsZh":["入讀HKIE認可嘅化學工程或相關學位課程","畢業後加入Scheme A培訓計劃","累積經驗並通過HKIE專業評核，成為會員","向ERB申請註冊為RPE（化學界別）"],"stepsEn":["Enter a chemical engineering or related degree accredited by the HKIE","Join a Scheme A training programme after graduation","Build experience and pass the HKIE Professional Assessment to become a Member","Apply to the ERB for RPE registration (Chemical discipline)"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"一般經驗路線","titleEn":"General experience route","stepsZh":["持認可學歷並累積相關工程經驗（非Scheme A）","補足持續專業發展要求","通過HKIE專業評核","向ERB申請RPE註冊"],"stepsEn":["Hold an acceptable qualification and build relevant engineering experience without Scheme A","Meet the continuing professional development requirements","Pass the HKIE Professional Assessment","Apply to the ERB for RPE registration"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習工程師（Scheme A受訓）","titleEn":"Graduate engineer (Scheme A trainee)"},{"titleZh":"助理工程師","titleEn":"Assistant engineer"},{"titleZh":"化學工程師（HKIE會員／RPE）","titleEn":"Chemical engineer (MHKIE / RPE)"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior engineer"},{"titleZh":"總工程師／廠務主管","titleEn":"Chief engineer / plant manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習工程師（Scheme A受訓）","titleEn":"Graduate engineer (Scheme A trainee)"},{"titleZh":"助理工程師","titleEn":"Assistant engineer"},{"titleZh":"化學工程師（HKIE會員／RPE）","titleEn":"Chemical engineer (MHKIE / RPE)"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior engineer"},{"titleZh":"總工程師／廠務主管","titleEn":"Chief engineer / plant manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-chemical-engineer-1","careers-chemical-engineer-2","careers-chemical-engineer-3","careers-chemical-engineer-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"civil-aid-service-member","titleZh":"民安隊隊員","titleEn":"Civil Aid Service member","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"民安隊係政府輔助應急隊伍，喺颱風、水災、山泥傾瀉同山火等事故支援正規部隊做搜救、疏散同人群管理，平日以兼職方式受訓同執勤。入隊要年滿16歲、通過體格檢驗同職能及體能測試，並完成基本訓練。","ledeEn":"The Civil Aid Service (CAS) is a government auxiliary emergency service. In typhoons, floods, landslips and hill fires its members support the regular services with search and rescue, evacuation and crowd management, training and serving part-time in normal times. Entry requires being 16 or over, a medical examination and functional and fitness tests.","bodyZh":"民安隊根據《民眾安全服務隊條例》成立，主要職責係喺緊急事故時提供民間支援：颱風襲港、水災或山泥傾瀉時執行應急任務，搜救被困山野嘅人士，協助疏散或拯救被困喺倒塌樓宇或山泥中嘅人，亦會撲滅山火同提供青少年培訓。隊員平日以兼職方式接受訓練同奉召執勤。\n\n入隊嘅關卡係基本資格同測試。一級隊員須年滿十六歲（十八歲以下須父母或監護人書面同意）、係香港特別行政區永久性居民、能操粵語並能讀寫中文、具中三或以上學歷，並通過政府規定嘅體格檢驗同職能及體能測試。四級長官要求較高：年滿十八歲、具大學學位或以上學歷，同樣要通過體格檢驗同測試。\n\n訓練方面，一級隊員須完成「輔助部隊基本訓練證書（民防）」，呢個證書已獲評審為資歷架構第三級；四級長官就要完成長官資歷培訓課程。隊員並非公務員職位，但參加訓練或奉召執勤，可按《輔助隊薪酬及津貼條例》（第254章）獲發津貼。民安隊設全年招募，並會舉行即場招募。體能測試項目包括一分鐘掌上壓等，具體標準由民安隊公布。","bodyEn":"The Civil Aid Service is established under the Civil Aid Service Ordinance. Its primary duty is to provide civil support during emergencies: emergency duties during typhoons, flooding and landslips; searching for and rescuing people in distress in the hills; helping evacuate or rescue those trapped under collapsed buildings or in landslips; and fighting vegetation fires and running youth training. Members train and serve on call on a part-time basis in normal times.\n\nThe gate is basic eligibility and tests. A Grade I member must be at least 16 (with written parental or guardian consent if under 18), a permanent resident of the HKSAR, able to speak Cantonese and read and write Chinese, a Form 3 graduate or above, and must pass the government-specified medical examination and the functional and fitness tests. A Grade IV officer faces higher requirements: at least 18, with a bachelor's degree or above, and the same examination and tests.\n\nOn training, a Grade I member must complete the Certificate in Auxiliary Forces Basic Training (Civil Defence), which is accredited at Qualifications Framework Level 3; a Grade IV officer must complete the CAS Officer Qualifying Course. Members are not civil servants, but receive allowances for attending training or performing duties under the Auxiliary Forces Pay and Allowances Ordinance (Cap. 254). Recruitment runs year-round, with on-site recruitment days as well.","sections":[{"titleZh":"主要職責","titleEn":"Main duties","bodyZh":"民安隊係政府輔助應急隊伍，職責係喺緊急事故中提供民間支援。颱風、水災或山泥傾瀉時，隊員會執行應急任務，搜救被困山野嘅人士，協助疏散或拯救被困喺倒塌樓宇、山泥中嘅人；亦會撲滅山火同協助青少年培訓。工作有明顯嘅季節同天氣風險，出動時可能需要長時間喺戶外同惡劣環境工作。","bodyEn":"The CAS is a government auxiliary emergency service whose duty is to provide civil support in emergencies. During typhoons, flooding or landslips, members carry out emergency tasks, search for and rescue people in distress in the hills, and help evacuate or rescue those trapped under collapsed buildings or in landslips; they also fight vegetation fires and help with youth training. The work carries clear seasonal and weather risk, and call-outs can mean long hours outdoors in harsh conditions. Call-outs are often triggered by weather warnings such as typhoons and rainstorms."},{"titleZh":"入隊條件同訓練","titleEn":"Entry conditions and training","bodyZh":"一級隊員須年滿十六歲（十八歲以下須父母或監護人書面同意）、係香港特別行政區永久性居民、能操粵語並能讀寫中文、具中三或以上學歷，並通過政府規定嘅體格檢驗同職能及體能測試。四級長官要求年滿十八歲同具大學學位或以上。訓練方面，一級隊員須完成輔助部隊基本訓練證書（民防）（資歷架構第三級），四級長官須完成長官資歷培訓課程。","bodyEn":"A Grade I member must be at least 16 (with written parental or guardian consent if under 18), a permanent resident of the HKSAR, able to speak Cantonese and read and write Chinese, a Form 3 graduate or above, and must pass the government-specified medical examination and functional and fitness tests. A Grade IV officer must be at least 18 and hold a bachelor's degree or above. On training, a Grade I member completes the Certificate in Auxiliary Forces Basic Training (Civil Defence) at QF Level 3, while a Grade IV officer completes the CAS Officer Qualifying Course."},{"titleZh":"津貼同招募安排","titleEn":"Allowances and recruitment","bodyZh":"民安隊隊員並非公務員職位。隊員凡參加訓練或奉召執勤，均合資格根據《輔助隊薪酬及津貼條例》（第254章）獲支付津貼，具體金額由政府訂定。招募方面，民安隊全年接受登記加入申請，申請人可透過網上招募平台或遞交表格；同時全年設有指定即場招募日，申請人須帶備身份證同學歷證明正本。，以核對身分同資歷。","bodyEn":"CAS members are not civil servants. Members who attend training or perform duties are eligible for allowances under the Auxiliary Forces Pay and Allowances Ordinance (Cap. 254), with the amounts set by the government. On recruitment, the CAS accepts enrolment applications year-round via its online platform or by form, and also holds specified on-site recruitment days, where applicants must bring the originals of their identity card and academic certificates. The functional and fitness test includes items such as push-ups, with the passing standards set by the CAS."}],"payBasisZh":"隊員並非公務員職位。參加訓練或奉召執勤按《輔助隊薪酬及津貼條例》（第254章）獲發津貼，具體安排由政府訂定；本站不估算金額。","payBasisEn":"Members are not civil servants. Allowances for attending training or performing duties are paid under the Auxiliary Forces Pay and Allowances Ordinance (Cap. 254), with the arrangements set by the government; no figures are estimated here.","entryZh":["年滿16歲（18歲以下須父母或監護人書面同意）","香港特別行政區永久性居民","能操粵語並能讀寫中文；申請四級長官另需大學學位或以上","通過政府規定嘅體格檢驗","通過職能及體能測試","一級隊員須完成輔助部隊基本訓練證書（民防）"],"entryEn":["At least 16 years of age (written parental or guardian consent required if under 18)","A permanent resident of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","Able to speak Cantonese and read and write Chinese; Grade IV officers also need a bachelor's degree or above","Pass the government-specified medical examination","Pass the functional and fitness tests","Grade I members must complete the Certificate in Auxiliary Forces Basic Training (Civil Defence)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"登記加入一級隊員","titleEn":"Enrol as a Grade I member","stepsZh":["經民安隊網上招募平台或表格提交登記加入申請","接受體格檢驗，並通過職能及體能測試","完成輔助部隊基本訓練證書（民防）","成為隊員，按更表參加訓練同執勤"],"stepsEn":["Submit an enrolment application via the CAS online platform or by form","Undergo the medical examination and pass the functional and fitness tests","Complete the Certificate in Auxiliary Forces Basic Training (Civil Defence)","Become a member and attend training and duties according to the roster"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"申請四級長官","titleEn":"Apply as a Grade IV officer","stepsZh":["持大學學位或以上並年滿18歲","提交申請並通過體格檢驗同職能及體能測試","完成長官資歷培訓課程","晉身長官職級"],"stepsEn":["Hold a bachelor's degree or above and be at least 18","Submit the application and pass the medical examination and the functional and fitness tests","Complete the CAS Officer Qualifying Course","Take up an officer rank"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"一級隊員","titleEn":"Grade I member"},{"titleZh":"四級長官","titleEn":"Grade IV officer"},{"titleZh":"三級長官","titleEn":"Grade III officer"},{"titleZh":"二級長官","titleEn":"Grade II officer"},{"titleZh":"一級長官","titleEn":"Grade I officer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"一級隊員","titleEn":"Grade I member"},{"titleZh":"四級長官","titleEn":"Grade IV officer"},{"titleZh":"三級長官","titleEn":"Grade III officer"},{"titleZh":"二級長官","titleEn":"Grade II officer"},{"titleZh":"一級長官","titleEn":"Grade I officer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-civil-aid-service-member-1","careers-civil-aid-service-member-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"civil-engineer","titleZh":"土木工程師","titleEn":"Civil engineer","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"土木工程師設計同監造道路、橋樑、隧道、渠務同斜坡工程，做結構計算同地質評估、協調承建商同監督施工質素。要簽署法定文件，就要取得香港工程師學會會員資格，再註冊為註冊專業工程師。","ledeEn":"Civil engineers design and supervise roads, bridges, tunnels, drainage and slope works, carrying out structural calculations and ground assessments, coordinating contractors and checking construction quality. To sign statutory documents they must hold HKIE membership and register as a Registered Professional Engineer.","bodyZh":"土木工程師嘅工作由規劃、設計一路去到施工同保養：計算結構同荷載、做地質同地基評估、制定施工方案、協調承建商、監督工程質素同安全，並處理斜坡、渠務同道路等公共設施。佢哋活躍喺政府部門、顧問公司同承建商，項目由小型道路改善到大型基建都有。\n\n關卡同其他工程界別一樣分兩重。第一重係香港工程師學會（HKIE）會員：須持認可榮譽學位、接受足夠訓練（如Scheme A）、累積足夠責任經驗並通過專業評核。第二重係向工程師註冊管理局（ERB）註冊為註冊專業工程師（RPE）：須持可接受嘅資格、申請前具一年相關畢業後專業經驗，並通常居於香港。土木工程係HKIE其中一個界別。\n\n呢個制度源自《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）。值得一提，土木、環境、岩土同結構界別嘅Scheme A培訓期一般為三年，比其他界別長，以配合較高嘅技術同安全要求。土木工程往往涉及公眾安全，隧道、橋樑同斜坡一旦出事後果嚴重，所以受規管工程須由合資格嘅RPE簽署。薪酬方面，私人市場無統一官方薪級，由僱主決定；政府嘅土木工程師職位按公務員薪級表。","bodyEn":"Civil engineers work from planning and design through construction to maintenance: calculating structures and loads, assessing ground and foundation conditions, developing construction methods, coordinating contractors, supervising quality and safety, and looking after public facilities such as slopes, drainage and roads. They work in government departments, consultancies and contractors, on projects from small road improvements to major infrastructure.\n\nThe gate is the same two-step as other engineering disciplines. The first is corporate membership of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (HKIE): an accredited honours degree, adequate training (such as Scheme A), sufficient responsible experience and a pass in the Professional Assessment. The second is registration with the Engineers Registration Board (ERB) as a Registered Professional Engineer (RPE): an acceptable qualification, one year of relevant post-qualification professional experience before applying, and ordinary residence in Hong Kong. Civil engineering is one of the HKIE's disciplines.\n\nThe system derives from the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409). Civil works often bear on public safety — a tunnel, bridge or slope failure has serious consequences — so regulated works must be signed by a qualified RPE. On pay, there is no uniform official scale in the private sector, where the employer decides, while government civil engineer posts follow the civil-service pay scales.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the role covers","bodyZh":"土木工程師負責道路、橋樑、隧道、渠務、斜坡同相關設施嘅規劃、設計、施工同保養。具體工作包括結構同荷載計算、地質同地基評估、設計圖則同施工方案、協調承建商、監督施工質素同安全，以及日後嘅維修保養。項目規模差異大，但都同公眾安全同城市運作息息相關。，並要按相關法例同標準做驗收同記錄。","bodyEn":"Civil engineers handle the planning, design, construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, tunnels, drainage, slopes and related facilities. The work includes structural and load calculations, ground and foundation assessment, design drawings and construction methods, contractor coordination, supervision of quality and safety, and later maintenance. Project scale varies widely, but all are tied closely to public safety and the working of the city. The work must also follow the relevant legislation and engineering standards, and inspections and records must be properly kept."},{"titleZh":"兩重關卡：HKIE會員加RPE註冊","titleEn":"Two gates: HKIE membership then RPE registration","bodyZh":"第一重係香港工程師學會會員：認可榮譽學位、足夠訓練（如Scheme A）、足夠責任經驗同專業評核。第二重係向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師：持可接受資格、申請前一年相關畢業後專業經驗、通常居於香港。土木工程係學會其中一個界別，受規管工程須由合資格RPE簽署，所以呢個註冊對承接政府同大型項目尤其重要。","bodyEn":"The first gate is HKIE membership: an accredited honours degree, adequate training (such as Scheme A), sufficient responsible experience and the Professional Assessment. The second is registration with the ERB as an RPE: an acceptable qualification, one year of relevant post-qualification professional experience before applying, and ordinary residence in Hong Kong. Civil engineering is one of the Institution's disciplines, and regulated works must be signed by a qualified RPE, which makes this registration especially important for government and major projects."},{"titleZh":"界別實況同薪酬依據","titleEn":"Discipline reality and pay basis","bodyZh":"土木工程師多數受僱於政府部門、工程顧問同承建商，亦有人專攻結構、岩土、交通或水利等方向。行業需求同基建投資、鐵路同道路發展、斜坡安全等政策掛鈎，工作地點可能係寫字樓、地盤或工地試驗室。薪酬方面，私人市場由僱主決定，無統一官方薪級；政府土木工程師職位按公務員總薪級表訂定。","bodyEn":"Civil engineers are mostly employed by government departments, engineering consultancies and contractors, and some specialise in structural, geotechnical, transport or water engineering. Demand tracks infrastructure investment, rail and road development and slope-safety policy, and the workplace may be an office, a site or a site laboratory. On pay, the private sector is set by the employer with no uniform official scale, while government civil engineer posts follow the civil-service Master Pay Scale. Because the discipline bears on public safety, continuing professional development and current standards matter throughout a career."}],"payBasisZh":"私人市場無官方薪級，薪酬由僱主決定；政府土木工程師職位按公務員總薪級表（MPS）訂定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"There is no official pay scale in the private sector; pay is set by the employer. Government civil engineer posts follow the civil-service Master Pay Scale (MPS). No specific figures are listed here.","entryZh":["取得香港工程師學會認可嘅土木工程學位或同等學歷","完成HKIE Scheme A或認可嘅正式訓練，並累積足夠責任經驗","通過HKIE專業評核，成為會員（MHKIE）","符合ERB規定：可接受資格、申請前一年相關畢業後專業經驗、通常居於香港","向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師（RPE）"],"entryEn":["Hold a civil engineering degree accredited by the HKIE or an acceptable equivalent","Complete HKIE Scheme A or another recognised formal training and build sufficient responsible experience","Pass the HKIE Professional Assessment and become a Member (MHKIE)","Meet ERB conditions: an acceptable qualification, one year of relevant post-qualification professional experience, and ordinary residence in Hong Kong","Register with the Engineers Registration Board as a Registered Professional Engineer (RPE)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"大學、Scheme A、專業評核","titleEn":"Degree, Scheme A, Professional Assessment","stepsZh":["入讀HKIE認可嘅土木工程學位課程","畢業後加入Scheme A培訓計劃","累積經驗並通過HKIE專業評核，成為會員","向ERB申請註冊為RPE（土木界別）"],"stepsEn":["Enter a civil engineering degree accredited by the HKIE","Join a Scheme A training programme after graduation","Build experience and pass the HKIE Professional Assessment to become a Member","Apply to the ERB for RPE registration (Civil discipline)"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"一般經驗路線","titleEn":"General experience route","stepsZh":["持認可學歷並累積相關工程經驗（非Scheme A）","補足持續專業發展要求","通過HKIE專業評核","向ERB申請RPE註冊"],"stepsEn":["Hold an acceptable qualification and build relevant engineering experience without Scheme A","Meet the continuing professional development requirements","Pass the HKIE Professional Assessment","Apply to the ERB for RPE registration"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習工程師（Scheme A受訓）","titleEn":"Graduate engineer (Scheme A trainee)"},{"titleZh":"助理工程師","titleEn":"Assistant engineer"},{"titleZh":"土木工程師（HKIE會員／RPE）","titleEn":"Civil engineer (MHKIE / RPE)"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior engineer"},{"titleZh":"總工程師／項目總監","titleEn":"Chief engineer / project director"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習工程師（Scheme A受訓）","titleEn":"Graduate engineer (Scheme A trainee)"},{"titleZh":"助理工程師","titleEn":"Assistant engineer"},{"titleZh":"土木工程師（HKIE會員／RPE）","titleEn":"Civil engineer (MHKIE / RPE)"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior engineer"},{"titleZh":"總工程師／項目總監","titleEn":"Chief engineer / project director"}],"sourceIds":["careers-civil-engineer-1","careers-civil-engineer-2","careers-civil-engineer-3","careers-civil-engineer-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"climbing-instructor","titleZh":"攀岩教練","titleEn":"Climbing instructor","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","emerging":true,"ledeZh":"攀岩教練教授攀爬技巧與安全程序，負責檢查裝備、確保保護、設計路線及帶領戶外活動。香港沒有統一的法定攀岩教練牌照，專業資格主要由中國香港攀山及攀登總會以分級教練計劃簽發。","ledeEn":"Climbing instructors teach technique and safety: checking equipment, belaying, setting routes and leading outdoor sessions. Hong Kong has no single statutory climbing-coach licence; professional qualifications are mainly issued through the China Hong Kong Mountaineering and Climbing Union's graded coaching scheme.","bodyZh":"攀岩教練的核心工作是安全，多過單純示範動作。一堂課由場地與器材檢查開始：繩索有無磨損、安全帶與確保器是否完好、掛片與螺栓是否穩固，全部要在學員上牆前處理好。教練亦要向學員說明墜落風險、溝通口令與保護程序。\n\n香港的攀岩教練資格並非由法例直接發牌，而是由中國香港攀山及攀登總會建立分級制度。以一級攀岩教練為例，申請者須先成為該會有效註冊的攀岩助教，並持有三級攀岩訓練證書及所屬屬會推薦。培訓與評審分甄別、培訓、評審三個階段，甄別包括筆試、面試與技術試，全部達標才可進入培訓。申請者一般還須年滿二十一歲並持有香港身份證，才符合報名資格。\n\n戶外帶領是另一個關卡。康樂及文化事務署在招聘兼職運動攀登助理教練時，要求申請人持有總會發出的運動攀登助理教練或教練訓練證書或以上資歷，可見官方外判的攀岩教學崗位同樣以總會資歷為門檻。\n\n教練的發展主要沿總會的分級資歷前進，並可與山藝、繩索技術等相關資格並行。","bodyEn":"The core of a climbing instructor's work is safety rather than simply demonstrating moves. A session starts with checking the venue and equipment: whether ropes are worn, whether harnesses and belay devices are sound, and whether bolts and hangers are secure — all before any learner goes on the wall. The instructor also explains fall risk, communication commands and belaying procedures.\n\nClimbing coaching in Hong Kong is not licensed directly by statute; qualifications are graded by the China Hong Kong Mountaineering and Climbing Union (CHKMCU). For the Level 1 rock climbing coach scheme, an applicant must already be a validly registered climbing assistant coach of the Union, hold a Level 3 climbing training certificate and be recommended by an affiliated club. Training and assessment run through screening, training and assessment stages, and the screening includes a written test, an interview and a technical test.\n\nLeading outdoors is a further gate. When the Leisure and Cultural Services Department recruits part-time sport climbing assistant instructors, it requires a sport climbing assistant coach or instructor training certificate issued by the Union or above, showing that official outsourced climbing teaching posts also use the Union's qualifications as the threshold.\n\nCoaches generally progress along the Union's graded qualifications, which can run in parallel with related mountain-craft and rope-technique awards.","sections":[{"titleZh":"一日工作與安全把關","titleEn":"The work and safety checks","bodyZh":"攀岩教練的工作離不開檢查與示範。上課前先檢查繩索、安全帶、確保器、掛片與場地是否安全；課堂中講解保護動作、墜落風險與溝通口令，並按學員程度設計路線與練習。帶戶外活動時，還要評估天氣、石質與落石風險，安排撤退路線。安全責任貫穿整堂課，任何一個環節出錯都可能造成嚴重後果。","bodyEn":"A climbing instructor's day revolves around checking and demonstrating. Before class comes the inspection of ropes, harnesses, belay devices, anchors and the venue; during class come explanations of belaying, fall risk and commands, plus routes and drills matched to each learner's level. Outdoors, the instructor must also assess weather, rock quality and rockfall risk, and plan escape routes. The duty of safety runs through the whole session, since a failure at any point can have serious consequences. Instructors therefore follow fixed safety routines on every outing."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：總會分級教練計劃","titleEn":"The gate: the Union's graded coaching scheme","bodyZh":"香港沒有為攀岩教練設立法定牌照，專業關卡來自中國香港攀山及攀登總會的教練計劃。以一級攀岩教練為例，申請者一般要年滿二十一歲、持有香港身份證、是該會有效註冊的攀岩助教，並持有三級攀岩訓練證書及所屬屬會推薦。計劃設甄別試，包括筆試、面試與技術試，成績達標並獲選後才進入培訓及各部評審。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong does not license climbing coaches by statute; the professional gate comes from the CHKMCU coaching scheme. For Level 1, an applicant is generally 21 or above, holds a Hong Kong identity card, is a validly registered climbing assistant coach of the Union, and holds a Level 3 climbing training certificate plus a club recommendation. The scheme has a screening test with a written paper, an interview and a technical test; only those who pass and are selected proceed to training and the graded assessments."},{"titleZh":"戶外帶領與風險管理","titleEn":"Leading outdoors and risk management","bodyZh":"帶領戶外攀爬涉及額外風險，包括天氣突變、落石、繩索磨損與路線難度誤判。教練要懂得設置可靠的保護點、控制教練與學員比例、選取合適路線，並在必要時取消活動。此外，康文署等機構的兼職運動攀登教學崗位，也以總會發出的助理教練或教練資歷為聘用門檻，反映官方場地對教練資歷有明確要求。","bodyEn":"Leading outdoor climbing adds risks such as sudden weather change, rockfall, rope wear and misjudged route difficulty. An instructor must build reliable anchors, control the coach-to-learner ratio, choose suitable routes and call off an activity when needed. Posts such as the LCSD's part-time sport climbing teaching positions also use the Union's assistant coach or coach qualifications as the hiring threshold, showing that official venues set clear requirements for coach qualifications. Experienced instructors also brief learners on what to do if a fall occurs."}],"payBasisZh":"香港無攀岩教練法定薪級。私人攀岩場、學校與康文署外判課程各自定價，薪酬由僱主或課程主辦方決定；本站不估算時薪或月薪。","payBasisEn":"There is no statutory pay scale for climbing instructors in Hong Kong. Private climbing gyms, schools and outsourced LCSD courses each set their own rates, so pay is decided by the employer or course organiser; this site prints no hourly or monthly estimate.","entryZh":["年滿二十一歲（總會一級攀岩教練計劃的參加年齡）","成為中國香港攀山及攀登總會有效註冊的攀岩助教","持有三級攀岩訓練證書及所屬屬會推薦","通過甄別試（筆試、面試、技術試），並完成培訓及各部評審","持有香港身份證"],"entryEn":["Aged 21 or above (the age set for the Union's Level 1 rock climbing coach scheme)","Be a validly registered climbing assistant coach of the China Hong Kong Mountaineering and Climbing Union","Hold a Level 3 climbing training certificate and a recommendation from an affiliated club","Pass the screening test (written, interview and technical tests), then complete training and the graded assessments","Hold a Hong Kong identity card"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由助教到一級攀岩教練","titleEn":"From assistant coach to Level 1 climbing coach","stepsZh":["在總會註冊成為攀岩助教，累積教學及帶隊時數","考取三級攀岩訓練證書，並取得所屬屬會推薦","報名一級攀岩教練培訓及評審計劃，通過甄別試","完成培訓並通過各部評審，取得一級攀岩教練資格"],"stepsEn":["Register with the Union as a climbing assistant coach and build up teaching and leading hours","Obtain a Level 3 climbing training certificate and a recommendation from an affiliated club","Apply for the Level 1 coach training and assessment scheme and pass the screening test","Complete the training and the graded assessments to qualify as a Level 1 climbing coach"],"sourceIds":["careers-climbing-instructor-1","careers-climbing-instructor-2"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"攀岩助教","titleEn":"Climbing assistant coach"},{"titleZh":"一級攀岩教練","titleEn":"Level 1 rock climbing coach"},{"titleZh":"二級攀岩教練或以上","titleEn":"Level 2 climbing coach or above"},{"titleZh":"課程主教／培訓導師","titleEn":"Course leader / coach trainer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"攀岩助教","titleEn":"Climbing assistant coach"},{"titleZh":"一級攀岩教練","titleEn":"Level 1 rock climbing coach"},{"titleZh":"二級攀岩教練或以上","titleEn":"Level 2 climbing coach or above"},{"titleZh":"課程主教／培訓導師","titleEn":"Course leader / coach trainer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-climbing-instructor-1","careers-climbing-instructor-2","careers-climbing-instructor-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"commercial-diver","titleZh":"商業潛水員","titleEn":"Commercial diver","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"ledeZh":"商業潛水員在水下從事工程與檢查，如碼頭、船底、管道及海底設施。香港沒有單一法定潛水員牌照，資格與安全要求見勞工處《工業潛水的工作安全與健康工作守則》，並須持有有效的潛水健康證明書。","ledeEn":"Commercial divers carry out underwater engineering and inspection work such as piers, hulls, pipelines and seabed structures. Hong Kong has no single statutory diving licence; the Labour Department's Code of Practice sets out safety rules, and divers need a valid medical fitness certificate.","bodyZh":"商業潛水員做的是受僱在水下工作的工程任務，與休閒潛水是兩回事。工作環境可以是碼頭樁柱、船底、海底管道或水務設施，常用裝備包括自給式氣瓶（SCUBA）與水面供氣系統，深水或長時間作業時亦可能採用混合氣或鐘式潛水。\n\n香港並沒有為商業潛水員設立單一的法定牌照，但勞工處根據《工廠及工業經營條例》（第59章）第7A(1)條發出《工業潛水的工作安全與健康工作守則》，為潛水承判商、潛水主管及潛水員訂明安全做法。守則涵蓋不同潛水模式，要求潛水員持有有效的潛水健康證明書，並就減壓方法、再加壓室、通訊、潛水隊編制及作業紀錄作出規定。\n\n紀錄是這行的重要一環。守則要求填寫潛水作業紀錄簿（Diving Operations Log Book）及潛水員個人紀錄簿（Diver's Log Book），並保存裝備紀錄，以便追查每次下潛的深度、時間與減壓安排。\n\n潛水隊一般設有潛水主管、潛水員及水面支援人員，後者負責供氣、監察與通訊。由於水下工作風險高，這些崗位多由具備專業潛水資歷與經驗的人員出任。守則亦就潛水隊的人員編制與各崗位職責提出要求，確保每次下水都有足夠支援。","bodyEn":"Commercial diving is employed work carried out underwater, and it is quite different from recreational diving. The setting may be pier piles, a ship's hull, seabed pipelines or waterworks facilities. Common equipment includes self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) and surface-supplied systems, and mixed-gas or bell diving may be used for deep or lengthy work.\n\nHong Kong sets no single statutory licence for commercial divers, but the Labour Department has issued the Code of Practice: Safety and Health at Work for Industrial Diving under section 7A(1) of the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (Cap. 59). It sets out safe practice for diving contractors, diving supervisors and divers, covers different diving modes, requires a valid certificate of medical fitness to dive, and lays down rules on decompression, recompression chambers, communication, diving team composition and records.\n\nRecord-keeping is central. The Code requires a Diving Operations Log Book and a Diver's Log Book, as well as plant and equipment records, so that the depth, time and decompression arrangements of each dive can be traced.\n\nA diving team usually comprises a diving supervisor, divers and surface support staff who supply gas, monitor and communicate. Because the risks are high, these posts are generally filled by people with professional diving qualifications and experience.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作性質與裝備","titleEn":"The work and equipment","bodyZh":"商業潛水員受僱在水下做工程任務：檢查及維修碼頭樁柱、船底、海底管道與水務設施，亦可能進行焊接、切割或安裝。裝備主要分為自給式氣瓶與水面供氣系統，視水深、作業時間與任務性質選用；深水或長時間作業會引入混合氣或鐘式潛水等模式，能操作的深度與模式直接影響可承接的工作。","bodyEn":"Commercial divers are employed to do engineering work underwater: inspecting and repairing pier piles, hulls, seabed pipelines and waterworks facilities, and sometimes welding, cutting or installation. Equipment is mainly either self-contained breathing apparatus or surface-supplied systems, chosen according to depth, duration and the task. Deeper or longer jobs bring in mixed-gas or bell diving, and the depths and modes a diver can work directly shape the jobs they can take. Underwater visibility, currents and temperature also affect what can be done safely."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：勞工處工作守則","titleEn":"The gate: the Labour Department's Code of Practice","bodyZh":"香港沒有單一的商業潛水員法定牌照，但勞工處根據《工廠及工業經營條例》（第59章）第7A(1)條發出工業潛水工作守則，訂明潛水員須持有有效的潛水健康證明書，並就潛水模式、通訊、減壓及緊急處理作出規定。守則適用於潛水承判商、潛水主管與潛水員，是判斷一項潛水作業是否安全、合規的主要依據。實際就業時，僱主普遍仍會要求申請人具備可查證的專業潛水訓練與經驗。","bodyEn":"There is no single statutory licence for commercial divers in Hong Kong, but the Labour Department has issued its Code of Practice for industrial diving under section 7A(1) of the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (Cap. 59). It requires a valid certificate of medical fitness to dive and lays down rules on diving modes, communication, decompression and emergencies. The Code applies to diving contractors, diving supervisors and divers and is the main basis for judging whether an operation is safe and compliant. In practice, employers also expect verifiable professional diving training and experience."},{"titleZh":"潛水隊、減壓與紀錄","titleEn":"Diving team, decompression and records","bodyZh":"一次工業潛水由整支隊伍合力完成：潛水主管負責計劃與指揮，潛水員下水作業，水面支援人員負責供氣、監察與通訊。減壓是關鍵環節，守則要求按減壓表作業，並在需要時設置再加壓室及訂立治療程序。作業後要填寫潛水作業紀錄簿、潛水員個人紀錄簿及裝備紀錄，作為安全與責任的憑證，並供日後查核。","bodyEn":"An industrial dive is a team effort: the diving supervisor plans and directs, the diver works underwater, and surface support staff supply gas, monitor and communicate. Decompression is critical; the Code requires dives to follow decompression tables and, where necessary, provides for a recompression chamber and treatment procedures. After the dive, the Diving Operations Log Book, the Diver's Log Book and equipment records must be completed as evidence of safety and accountability. These records also help plan later dives and investigate any incident."}],"payBasisZh":"香港無商業潛水員法定薪級。薪酬由潛水承判商及僱主按工程性質、水深與作業模式決定，並按潛水紀錄與資歷議定；本站不估算日薪或月薪。","payBasisEn":"There is no statutory pay scale for commercial divers in Hong Kong. Pay is set by the diving contractor and employer according to the nature of the work, water depth and diving mode, and is agreed against dive records and qualifications; this site prints no daily or monthly estimate.","entryZh":["年滿十八歲（守則訂明的潛水隊員最低年齡）","持有有效的潛水健康證明書，證明體格適合潛水","完成針對所用潛水模式的訓練並具備相應經驗","具備所屬潛水模式的實際作業經驗，熟悉該模式的裝備與程序","能在潛水主管指示下工作，並掌握水中通訊與緊急處理"],"entryEn":["Aged 18 or above (the minimum age for a diving team member under the Code)","Hold a valid certificate of medical fitness to dive","Complete training for the diving mode used and have the relevant experience","Have practical experience of that diving mode, including its equipment and procedures","Be able to work under a diving supervisor and handle underwater communication and emergencies"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由基礎潛水訓練到商業潛水崗位","titleEn":"From basic dive training to a commercial diving post","stepsZh":["接受基礎潛水訓練並取得潛水員資格","接受與目標作業模式相關的訓練（如 SCUBA 或水面供氣）","通過潛水健康檢查並取得健康證明書","加入潛水承判商或工程隊伍，在潛水主管督導下累積作業紀錄"],"stepsEn":["Complete basic dive training and obtain a diver qualification","Train for the intended diving mode, such as SCUBA or surface supply","Pass a diving medical examination and obtain a fitness certificate","Join a diving contractor or engineering team and build up dive records under a supervisor"],"sourceIds":["careers-commercial-diver-1","careers-commercial-diver-2"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"潛水員","titleEn":"Diver"},{"titleZh":"資深潛水員／特定模式專責潛水員","titleEn":"Experienced diver / mode-specialist diver"},{"titleZh":"潛水主管（Diving Supervisor）","titleEn":"Diving supervisor"},{"titleZh":"潛水承判商管理／安全督導","titleEn":"Diving contractor management / safety supervision"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"潛水員","titleEn":"Diver"},{"titleZh":"資深潛水員／特定模式專責潛水員","titleEn":"Experienced diver / mode-specialist diver"},{"titleZh":"潛水主管（Diving Supervisor）","titleEn":"Diving supervisor"},{"titleZh":"潛水承判商管理／安全督導","titleEn":"Diving contractor management / safety supervision"}],"sourceIds":["careers-commercial-diver-1","careers-commercial-diver-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"company-secretary","titleZh":"公司秘書","titleEn":"Company secretary","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"公司秘書負責公司的法定紀錄與合規：董事會及股東大會文件、向公司註冊處申報、股份轉讓與周年申報表，並就公司法提供意見。公司秘書可由自然人或法人出任，但須符合居港或註冊要求。","ledeEn":"A company secretary keeps a company's statutory records and compliance: board and shareholder papers, Companies Registry filings, share transfers and annual returns, and advises on company law. The secretary may be an individual or a body corporate, subject to residence or place-of-business rules.","bodyZh":"公司秘書不是一般意義的行政秘書，而是公司法下的法定職位。每間香港私人有限公司都必須委任一名公司秘書；若公司只有一名董事，該名董事不得兼任公司秘書。\n\n委任條件由《公司條例》（第622章）規定：公司秘書如屬自然人，須通常居於香港；如屬法人團體，則須在香港設有註冊辦事處或營業地點。以法人出任公司秘書的，還須符合打擊洗錢及恐怖分子資金籌集制度下的信託或公司服務提供者（TCSP）發牌要求。\n\n專業資歷方面，香港公司治理公會把會籍分為學生、畢業學員、會士及資深會士。成為會士（Associate）一般須完成特許公司治理專業資格課程（CGQP）、取得畢業學員資格，並具備最少六年相關工作經驗，持全日制學位者可獲最多三年扣減；晉升至資深會士（Fellow）則要求最少八年相關經驗，其中最少三年屬高級職位經驗。這些屬專業團體資歷，而非政府發牌。\n\n日常工作包括保存法定紀錄冊、籌備董事會與股東大會、辦理公司註冊處的各項申報與更新、處理股份轉讓，以及提醒董事履行法定責任。","bodyEn":"A company secretary is not an ordinary administrative secretary but a statutory office under company law. Every Hong Kong private limited company must appoint a company secretary, and where a company has only one director, that director cannot also be the company secretary.\n\nAppointment is governed by the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 622): an individual company secretary must ordinarily reside in Hong Kong, while a body corporate must have a registered office or a place of business in Hong Kong. A corporate secretary must also meet the licensing requirements for a trust or company service provider (TCSP) under the anti-money-laundering regime.\n\nOn qualifications, the Hong Kong Chartered Governance Institute grades its membership as Student, Graduate, Associate and Fellow. Becoming an Associate generally requires completing the Chartered Governance Qualifying Programme (CGQP), attaining Graduate status and having a specified number of years of relevant experience; Fellowship requires a longer period. These are professional-body qualifications, not a government licence.\n\nDay-to-day work includes maintaining the statutory registers, preparing board and shareholder meetings, handling filings and updates with the Companies Registry, dealing with share transfers, and reminding directors of their statutory duties.","sections":[{"titleZh":"法定職位與委任條件","titleEn":"A statutory office and appointment rules","bodyZh":"公司秘書是公司法下的法定職位，每間私人有限公司都必須委任一名。若公司只有一名董事，該董事不得同時出任公司秘書。委任條件方面，自然人公司秘書須通常居於香港；法人團體公司秘書則須在香港設有註冊辦事處或營業地點，並在提供公司服務時符合信託或公司服務提供者的發牌制度。","bodyEn":"A company secretary is a statutory office under company law, and every private limited company must appoint one. Where a company has only one director, that director cannot also be the company secretary. On eligibility, an individual secretary must ordinarily reside in Hong Kong, while a corporate secretary must have a registered office or place of business in Hong Kong and meet the trust or company service provider licensing regime when providing company services. Appointing a secretary is a continuing requirement, not a one-off step."},{"titleZh":"專業資歷：香港公司治理公會","titleEn":"Professional qualification: the HKCGI","bodyZh":"香港公司治理公會的會籍分為學生、畢業學員、會士與資深會士。學生先完成特許公司治理專業資格課程，成為畢業學員後，具備指定年數的相關工作經驗並符合適當人選要求，方可獲選為會士；資深會士則要求更長的經驗年期及高級經驗。這些資歷由專業團體頒授，並非政府牌照，但在市場上有較高的認受性。","bodyEn":"Membership of the Hong Kong Chartered Governance Institute runs from Student to Graduate, Associate and Fellow. A student completes the Chartered Governance Qualifying Programme, becomes a Graduate, and then needs a specified number of years of relevant experience and fit-and-proper status to be elected an Associate; Fellowship requires a longer period including senior experience. These qualifications are awarded by a professional body rather than a government licence, but carry strong recognition in the market. The route from Student to Fellow is set by the Institute's own membership rules."},{"titleZh":"日常職責與合規","titleEn":"Day-to-day duties and compliance","bodyZh":"公司秘書的工作圍繞公司治理與合規：保存法定紀錄冊、籌備董事會及股東大會並撰寫會議文件、辦理公司註冊處的各項申報與更新、處理股份轉讓及周年申報表，並就公司法事宜向董事會提供意見。以法人身分提供服務的公司秘書公司，還要遵守打擊洗錢及恐怖分子資金籌集的規定，例如委任合規主任及洗錢報告主任。","bodyEn":"The work centres on governance and compliance: maintaining the statutory registers, preparing board and shareholder meetings and their papers, handling filings and updates with the Companies Registry, dealing with share transfers and annual returns, and advising the board on company law. Corporate secretarial firms providing services as a body corporate must also follow anti-money-laundering rules, such as appointing a compliance officer and a money-laundering reporting officer. Keeping records accurate and filings on time is central to the role, and accurate records matter to directors, shareholders and regulators alike."}],"payBasisZh":"香港無公司秘書法定薪級。私人公司、上市公司與專業服務公司各自定價，薪酬由僱主按資歷與職務決定；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"There is no statutory pay scale for company secretaries in Hong Kong. Private companies, listed companies and professional service firms each set their own rates, so pay is decided by the employer according to qualifications and duties; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["私人有限公司須委任至少一名公司秘書","自然人公司秘書須通常居於香港；法人公司秘書須在港設有註冊辦事處或營業地點","以法人身分出任者，須為持牌信託或公司服務提供者（TCSP）","具備公司法與合規知識；專業資歷可經香港公司治理公會會籍取得"],"entryEn":["Every private limited company must appoint at least one company secretary","An individual secretary must ordinarily reside in Hong Kong; a corporate secretary must have a registered office or place of business in Hong Kong","A corporate secretary must be a licensed trust or company service provider (TCSP)","Knowledge of company law and compliance; professional standing can be obtained through HKCGI membership"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由學生到公司治理專業","titleEn":"From student to governance professional","stepsZh":["註冊為香港公司治理公會學生會員","完成特許公司治理專業資格課程（CGQP）並成為畢業學員","累積指定年數的相關工作經驗","申請成為會士（Associate），其後可申請資深會士（Fellow）"],"stepsEn":["Register as a Student of the Hong Kong Chartered Governance Institute","Complete the Chartered Governance Qualifying Programme (CGQP) and become a Graduate","Build up the specified number of years of relevant experience","Apply to become an Associate, and later a Fellow"],"sourceIds":["careers-company-secretary-1"]},{"titleZh":"以持牌法人身分提供服務","titleEn":"Providing services as a licensed body corporate","stepsZh":["成立公司並向公司註冊處申請信託或公司服務提供者（TCSP）牌照","確保在港設有註冊辦事處或營業地點","符合適當人選評定及合規主任等要求","以持牌法人身分出任客戶公司的公司秘書"],"stepsEn":["Incorporate a company and apply to the Companies Registry for a TCSP licence","Ensure a registered office or place of business in Hong Kong","Meet the fit-and-proper assessment and compliance officer requirements","Act as company secretary for client companies as a licensed body corporate"],"sourceIds":["careers-company-secretary-3"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學生會員","titleEn":"Student"},{"titleZh":"畢業學員","titleEn":"Graduate"},{"titleZh":"會士（Associate）","titleEn":"Associate"},{"titleZh":"資深會士（Fellow）","titleEn":"Fellow"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學生會員","titleEn":"Student"},{"titleZh":"畢業學員","titleEn":"Graduate"},{"titleZh":"會士（Associate）","titleEn":"Associate"},{"titleZh":"資深會士（Fellow）","titleEn":"Fellow"}],"sourceIds":["careers-company-secretary-1","careers-company-secretary-2","careers-company-secretary-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"court-interpreter","titleZh":"法庭傳譯主任","titleEn":"Court Interpreter","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"法庭傳譯主任在法庭及司法程序中即時傳譯，主要為中英文，亦涵蓋其他語言及方言。入職者須持有學位、通過綜合招聘考試的語文及能力傾向測試，並通過技能測試。","ledeEn":"Court interpreters interpret simultaneously in court and judicial proceedings, mainly between Chinese and English and also other languages and dialects. Entry requires a degree, passes in the Common Recruitment Examination, and a trade test.","bodyZh":"法庭傳譯主任屬司法機構的職系，負責在法庭、內庭及各類司法程序中提供即時傳譯，涵蓋中文（廣東話及普通話）與英文，以及各種外語與方言，同時翻譯法律文件、證供及相關材料。\n\n入職條件以法庭二級傳譯主任為例：申請人須持有香港任何一所大學頒授的學士學位，或同等學歷；在綜合招聘考試（CRE）兩份語文卷（中文運用及英文運用）取得「二級」成績，或具備同等成績；在能力傾向測試取得及格；並在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格。語文方面須能操流利粵語及英語（如亦能操流利普通話更佳），並須通過技能測試。\n\n職系設有清晰的晉升階梯。按官方公布的職級架構，由法庭二級傳譯主任起步，依次為法庭一級傳譯主任、法庭高級傳譯主任，最高為法庭總傳譯主任，各職級對應不同的總薪級表薪點範圍。入職後，傳譯主任會被派駐不同法院及審裁處，按聆訊需要提供即時傳譯服務。\n\n傳譯工作要求即時、準確與中立，面對的是法庭程序，因此語文能力以外，臨場判斷與專業操守同樣重要。","bodyEn":"Court interpreters belong to a Judiciary grade. They provide simultaneous interpretation in courtrooms, chambers and various judicial proceedings, covering Chinese (Cantonese and Putonghua) and English as well as other foreign languages and dialects, and they translate legal documents, evidence and related materials.\n\nTaking Court Interpreter II as the entry rank, an applicant must hold a bachelor's degree from a Hong Kong university, or equivalent; have met the language requirement of Level 2 in the two language papers (Use of Chinese and Use of English) of the Common Recruitment Examination (CRE), or equivalent; have a pass in the CRE Aptitude Test; and have a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. They must be fluent in Cantonese and English (fluency in Putonghua is an advantage) and pass a trade test.\n\nThe grade has a clear ladder. Under the published grade structure it runs from Court Interpreter II to Court Interpreter I, Senior Court Interpreter and Chief Court Interpreter, each mapped to a different range of Master Pay Scale points.\n\nInterpretation demands immediacy, accuracy and neutrality. Because the setting is a court, judgement under pressure and professional conduct matter as much as language ability.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍與法庭傳譯","titleEn":"The work: interpreting in court","bodyZh":"法庭傳譯主任在法庭、內庭及各類司法程序中即時傳譯，主要處理中文與英文，亦涵蓋其他語言及方言，並翻譯法律文件與證供。工作講求即時與準確，傳譯員要忠實反映發言者的意思，不可加入個人判斷或立場。由於涉及司法程序，保密、中立與專業操守是基本要求，任何偏離都可能影響程序公正。","bodyEn":"Court interpreters interpret in courtrooms, chambers and various judicial proceedings, handling mainly Chinese and English but also other languages and dialects, and translating legal documents and evidence. The work demands immediacy and accuracy: an interpreter must faithfully convey the speaker's meaning without adding personal judgement or stance. Because the setting is a judicial proceeding, confidentiality, neutrality and professional conduct are basic requirements. Any departure from that role can affect the fairness of the proceedings, and interpreters must keep pace with fast speech and overlapping voices."},{"titleZh":"入職條件","titleEn":"Entry requirements","bodyZh":"按法庭二級傳譯主任的入職條件，申請人須持有香港任何一所大學頒授的學士學位或同等學歷，在綜合招聘考試的中文運用及英文運用兩卷取得「二級」成績或同等成績，能力傾向測試取得及格，並在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格。語文上須能操流利粵語及英語，如亦能操流利普通話更佳，並須通過技能測試。","bodyEn":"For Court Interpreter II, an applicant must hold a bachelor's degree or equivalent, have Level 2 in both Use of Chinese and Use of English in the Common Recruitment Examination or equivalent, have a pass in the Aptitude Test, and have a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. They must be fluent in Cantonese and English — with Putonghua an advantage — and pass a trade test. These are the requirements published by the Judiciary for the rank."},{"titleZh":"職級架構","titleEn":"Grade structure","bodyZh":"法庭傳譯主任職系設有清晰的晉升階梯。按官方公布的架構，依次為法庭二級傳譯主任、法庭一級傳譯主任、法庭高級傳譯主任及法庭總傳譯主任，各級對應不同的總薪級表薪點範圍。入職者由二級傳譯主任起步，按表現與年資向上晉升，職級愈高，工作亦會涉及督導下屬及統籌更複雜的傳譯安排。","bodyEn":"The Court Interpreter grade has a clear promotion ladder. Under the published structure it runs from Court Interpreter II to Court Interpreter I, Senior Court Interpreter and Chief Court Interpreter, each mapped to a different range of Master Pay Scale points. New recruits start at Court Interpreter II and move up on performance and seniority. Higher ranks take on supervision and more complex interpretation arrangements for the courts. The structure and pay-point ranges are set out in the Judiciary's published grade information."}],"payBasisZh":"屬公務員職位，按公務員事務局公布的總薪級表支薪，薪酬由職級對應的薪點範圍決定；本站不換算成實際金額。","payBasisEn":"A civil-service post paid on the Master Pay Scale published by the Civil Service Bureau, with pay determined by the range of points for the rank; this site converts nothing into an actual amount.","entryZh":["持有香港任何一所大學頒授的學士學位，或同等學歷","綜合招聘考試（CRE）中文運用及英文運用取得「二級」成績，或同等成績","CRE 能力傾向測試取得及格","《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格","能操流利粵語及英語（亦能操流利普通話更佳）","通過技能測試"],"entryEn":["A bachelor's degree from a Hong Kong university, or equivalent","Level 2 in both Use of Chinese and Use of English in the Common Recruitment Examination, or equivalent","A pass in the CRE Aptitude Test","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Fluent Cantonese and English (fluent Putonghua an advantage)","A pass in the trade test"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"經綜合招聘考試及遴選入職","titleEn":"Enter through the CRE and selection","stepsZh":["取得學士學位或同等學歷","應考綜合招聘考試的語文卷及能力傾向測試","通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試、技能測試及遴選程序","獲聘為法庭二級傳譯主任"],"stepsEn":["Obtain a bachelor's degree or equivalent","Sit the language papers and the Aptitude Test of the Common Recruitment Examination","Pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test, the trade test and the selection process","Be appointed as Court Interpreter II"],"sourceIds":["careers-court-interpreter-1","careers-court-interpreter-2"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"法庭二級傳譯主任","titleEn":"Court Interpreter II"},{"titleZh":"法庭一級傳譯主任","titleEn":"Court Interpreter I"},{"titleZh":"法庭高級傳譯主任","titleEn":"Senior Court Interpreter"},{"titleZh":"法庭總傳譯主任","titleEn":"Chief Court Interpreter"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"法庭二級傳譯主任","titleEn":"Court Interpreter II"},{"titleZh":"法庭一級傳譯主任","titleEn":"Court Interpreter I"},{"titleZh":"法庭高級傳譯主任","titleEn":"Senior Court Interpreter"},{"titleZh":"法庭總傳譯主任","titleEn":"Chief Court Interpreter"}],"sourceIds":["careers-court-interpreter-1","careers-court-interpreter-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"court-reporter","titleZh":"法庭速記主任","titleEn":"Court Reporter","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"ledeZh":"法庭速記主任負責庭上逐字紀錄與謄本製作，確保審訊紀錄準確可用。香港法庭的錄音與謄寫由司法機構的「數碼錄音及謄寫服務」（DARTS）統籌，並正引入語音轉文字技術協助。","ledeEn":"Court reporters produce verbatim records and transcripts so that the record of proceedings is accurate and usable. In Hong Kong, recording and transcription are organised by the Judiciary's Digital Audio Recording and Transcription Services (DARTS), now using voice-to-text technology.","bodyZh":"法庭速記主任的工作核心，是確保審訊有一份準確、可用的逐字紀錄。紀錄既供法庭與司法人員使用，亦會在當事人申請時以謄本形式提供。香港法庭並非以傳統速記鍵盤逐字打稿為主，而是採用錄音配合謄寫的制度。\n\n法庭程序由司法機構的「數碼錄音及謄寫服務」（DARTS）負責錄音。DARTS 是司法機構行政服務下的一個組別，並設有數碼錄音及謄寫服務組與發展組。在科技法庭，聆訊可透過系統提供即時法庭紀錄及謄本服務；當事人經法庭批准後，可索取錄音複本或中、英文謄本，並須繳付費用，申請一般須在聆訊日下午三時前提出。\n\n謄本製作長期以來是一項專業服務。立法會文件顯示，DARTS 的服務過去由透過公開招標甄選的承辦商提供，原因是法庭謄本的製作在香港並非普遍可得的專業服務。另一方面，司法機構正開發語音轉文字（VTT）系統，先在法官與司法人員作即時筆記時使用，並逐步把 VTT 產生的文字用於製作謄本，以提升效率。\n\n需要說明的是，司法機構公開的職系介紹現時只涵蓋司法書記、法庭傳譯主任及執達主任等職系，並未刊載「法庭速記主任／速記員」職系的現行入職條件，因此本條目只陳述官方已公布的錄音與謄本服務安排。","bodyEn":"The heart of a court reporter's work is ensuring that a hearing has an accurate, usable verbatim record. The record is used by the court and judicial officers and is also provided as a transcript on request. Hong Kong's courts do not mainly rely on traditional stenotype shorthand; they use audio recording combined with transcription.\n\nCourt proceedings are recorded by the Judiciary's Digital Audio Recording and Transcription Services (DARTS), a section within the Judiciary's administrative services with its own transcription and development teams. In the Technology Court, hearings can be supported by real-time court reporting and transcription services; with the leave of the court, a party may obtain a copy of the audio record or English and Chinese transcripts at a fee, generally requested by 3 pm on the hearing day.\n\nTranscript production has long been a professional service. A LegCo paper shows that DARTS services were formerly provided by contractors selected through open tender, because producing court transcripts is not a professional service commonly available in Hong Kong. Separately, the Judiciary has been developing a voice-to-text (VTT) system, first for judges' real-time note-taking and increasingly for producing transcripts, to raise efficiency.\n\nIt should be noted that the Judiciary's published grade information currently covers only the Judicial Clerk, Court Interpreter and Bailiff grades, and does not set out current entry requirements for a Court Reporter grade. This entry therefore describes only the officially published recording and transcription arrangements.","sections":[{"titleZh":"庭上紀錄與謄本","titleEn":"Court records and transcripts","bodyZh":"法庭速記主任的目標，是讓每場聆訊都有一份準確可用的逐字紀錄。香港法庭以錄音配合謄寫為主，而非傳統速記鍵盤打稿。紀錄供法庭與司法人員使用；當事人經法庭批准後，可索取錄音複本或中、英文謄本，並須繳費。申請一般要在聆訊日下午三時前提出，實際安排以司法機構公布為準，庭上錄音以數碼格式保存。","bodyEn":"The aim of court reporting is that every hearing has an accurate, usable verbatim record. Hong Kong's courts rely mainly on audio recording plus transcription rather than traditional stenotype shorthand. The record serves the court and judicial officers; with the leave of the court, a party may obtain a copy of the audio record or English and Chinese transcripts at a fee, generally requested by 3 pm on the hearing day. Exact arrangements follow what the Judiciary publishes, and the record underpins appeals and later review of a case."},{"titleZh":"數碼錄音及謄寫服務（DARTS）","titleEn":"Digital Audio Recording and Transcription Services (DARTS)","bodyZh":"法庭程序由司法機構的「數碼錄音及謄寫服務」（DARTS）負責錄音。DARTS 是司法機構行政服務下的一個組別，設有數碼錄音及謄寫服務組與發展組，由司法機構人員及合約人員組成。法庭大樓內的錄音與謄本工作，均由此組統籌，是庭上紀錄制度的核心單位。其服務包括庭上程序數碼錄音、經法庭批准後的錄音播放與複製，以及中、英文謄本製作。","bodyEn":"Court proceedings are recorded by the Judiciary's Digital Audio Recording and Transcription Services (DARTS). DARTS is a section under the Judiciary's administrative services, with a transcription services team and a development team, staffed by Judiciary officers and contract staff. Recording and transcript work in the court buildings is coordinated by this section. Its task is to keep the record of proceedings complete and reliable, and its development team works on new technology for the service. The section draws on both Judiciary officers and contract staff."},{"titleZh":"語音轉文字與外判製作","titleEn":"Voice-to-text and contracted production","bodyZh":"謄本製作長期屬專業服務，立法會文件顯示 DARTS 的服務過去由經公開招標甄選的承辦商提供。近年司法機構開發語音轉文字（VTT）系統，先在法官作即時筆記時使用，並逐步把 VTT 產生的文字用於製作謄本。這反映庭上紀錄工作正由人手謄寫轉向科技輔助，但準確度仍須以人手核對把關。庭上錄音以數碼格式保存，方便日後檢索與謄寫。","bodyEn":"Transcript production has long been a professional service; a LegCo paper shows that DARTS services were formerly provided by contractors selected through open tender. In recent years the Judiciary has developed a voice-to-text (VTT) system, first for judges' real-time note-taking and increasingly for producing transcripts. This shows that court recording work is moving from manual transcription towards technology-assisted production, while accuracy still depends on human checking. Human checking remains essential because machine output can contain errors, and the change affects how the work is organised as much as the tools used."}],"payBasisZh":"司法機構職位屬公務員編制，薪酬依公務員事務局公布的薪級表；DARTS 亦設合約人員。本站不估算月薪，亦不列未經公布的職級薪點。","payBasisEn":"Judiciary posts are civil-service posts paid on the pay scale published by the Civil Service Bureau, and DARTS also uses contract staff. This site prints no monthly estimate and does not list unpublished pay points.","entryZh":["司法機構未在公開職系資料中列出「法庭速記主任／速記員」職系的現行入職條件","相關庭上紀錄由司法機構「數碼錄音及謄寫服務」（DARTS）統籌","DARTS 由司法機構人員及合約人員組成，設有數碼錄音及謄寫服務組與發展組","謄本製作屬專業服務，歷來部分由經公開招標的承辦商提供","索取錄音複本或謄本須經法庭批准，並按官方費用安排繳費"],"entryEn":["The Judiciary has not published current entry requirements for a Court Reporter grade in its public grade information","Court records are coordinated by the Judiciary's Digital Audio Recording and Transcription Services (DARTS)","DARTS is staffed by Judiciary officers and contract staff, with a transcription services team and a development team","Transcript production is a professional service, historically partly provided by contractors selected through open tender","Obtaining an audio copy or transcript requires the court's leave and payment under the official fee arrangements"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"官方紀錄與謄本服務的運作","titleEn":"How the official recording and transcript service works","stepsZh":["庭上聆訊透過司法機構的 DARTS 系統錄音","需要時以語音轉文字（VTT）系統輔助產生文字紀錄","謄本經法庭批准後向申請人提供，並按官方費用安排收費"],"stepsEn":["Hearings are recorded through the Judiciary's DARTS system","Where needed, a voice-to-text (VTT) system helps produce a written record","Transcripts are provided to applicants after the court's leave, charged under the official fee arrangements"],"sourceIds":["careers-court-reporter-1","careers-court-reporter-2"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"合約司法機構行政主任（DARTS）","titleEn":"Contract Judiciary Executive (DARTS)"},{"titleZh":"高級司法機構行政主任（DARTS）","titleEn":"Senior Judiciary Executive (DARTS)"},{"titleZh":"首席司法機構行政主任（DARTS）","titleEn":"Chief Judiciary Executive (DARTS)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"合約司法機構行政主任（DARTS）","titleEn":"Contract Judiciary Executive (DARTS)"},{"titleZh":"高級司法機構行政主任（DARTS）","titleEn":"Senior Judiciary Executive (DARTS)"},{"titleZh":"首席司法機構行政主任（DARTS）","titleEn":"Chief Judiciary Executive (DARTS)"}],"sourceIds":["careers-court-reporter-1","careers-court-reporter-2","careers-court-reporter-3","careers-court-reporter-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"crane-operator","titleZh":"起重機械操作員","titleEn":"Crane operator","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"起重機械操作員操作塔式起重機、流動吊車或吊臂車吊運物料與預製件。根據《起重機械及起重裝置規例》，起重機只可由年滿十八歲並持有指定機構發出證明書的人操作。","ledeEn":"Crane operators run tower cranes, mobile cranes or lorry cranes to lift materials and precast units. Under the Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear Regulations, a crane may only be operated by a person aged 18 or above who holds a certificate from a specified body.","bodyZh":"起重機械操作員的關卡很清楚：操作起重機在香港受法例管制，不是「有經驗就開得」。根據《工廠及工業經營（起重機械及起重裝置）規例》（第59J章）第15A(1)條，起重機只可由三類人操作：年滿十八歲並持有由指定機構或勞工處處長指定人士發出的有效證明書的人，或由東主認為憑經驗能勝任的人。\n\n指定機構指的是建造業議會（前身為建造業訓練局）等獲授權的培訓機構。勞工處處長有權指定可簽發起重機操作員證明書的機構，這些機構須按勞工處訂明的課程設計與規格提供訓練，培訓分為新操作員課程、有經驗操作員課程及覆核課程。學員完成課程並通過考核後，才會獲發證明書。\n\n日常工作方面，操作員要聽從訊號員指示，熟悉起重量與幅度限制，並在每次開工前檢查鋼纜、吊鉤、限位器與支撐（外伸支架）。吊運涉及公眾安全，無證明書而操作起重機有可能違法。\n\n值得一提的是，規例同時保留了「東主認為憑經驗能勝任」的途徑，但實際招聘與工地安全制度普遍仍以持有指定機構證明書為門檻。","bodyEn":"The gate for crane operators is clear: operating a crane in Hong Kong is regulated by law, not simply a matter of having experience. Under regulation 15A(1) of the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear) Regulations (Cap. 59J), a crane may only be operated by three categories: a person aged 18 or above holding a valid certificate issued by a specified body or a person appointed by the Commissioner for Labour, or a person whom the proprietor considers competent by experience.\n\nSpecified bodies include the Construction Industry Council (formerly the Construction Industry Training Authority) and other authorised training bodies. The Commissioner for Labour may appoint bodies to issue crane operator certificates, and these bodies must provide training according to course designs and specifications laid down by the Labour Department, covering a new-operator course, an experienced-operator course and a revalidation course. A certificate is issued only after completing the course and passing the assessment.\n\nOn the job, an operator follows the signals of the signaller, must know the load and radius limits, and each day checks the wire ropes, hook, limit switches and outriggers. Lifting affects public safety, so operating a crane without a certificate may be an offence.\n\nIt is worth noting that the regulations also retain the \"competent by experience\" route as judged by the proprietor, but in practice recruitment and site safety systems generally still use the certificate from a specified body as the threshold.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作內容與安全","titleEn":"The work and safety","bodyZh":"起重機械操作員操作塔式起重機、流動吊車或吊臂車，按吊運計劃把物料、預製件或重型設備吊到指定位置。工作時要聽從訊號員指示，掌握起重量與幅度限制，並在每次開工前檢查鋼纜、吊鉤、限位器及支撐。吊運直接影響工地與公眾安全，任何疏忽都可能造成嚴重事故。操作員亦要與訊號員保持清晰溝通，確保吊運安全。","bodyEn":"Crane operators run tower cranes, mobile cranes or lorry cranes, lifting materials, precast units or heavy equipment to a designated position under a lifting plan. They follow the signaller's instructions, know the load and radius limits, and each day check the wire ropes, hook, limit switches and outriggers. Lifting directly affects site and public safety, so any lapse can cause a serious accident. Operators also work at height or in confined sites, which adds to the demands of the job and calls for steady concentration."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：第 59J 章第 15A 條","titleEn":"The gate: Cap. 59J section 15A","bodyZh":"根據《起重機械及起重裝置規例》（第59J章）第15A(1)條，起重機只可由年滿十八歲並持有效證明書的人操作，證明書須由指定機構或勞工處處長指定人士發出；規例亦容許由東主認為憑經驗能勝任的人操作。指定機構須獲勞工處處長授權，並按訂明的課程規格培訓及簽發證明書。無有效證明書而操作起重機，有可能違法。","bodyEn":"Under regulation 15A(1) of the Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear Regulations (Cap. 59J), a crane may only be operated by a person aged 18 or above holding a valid certificate issued by a specified body or a person appointed by the Commissioner for Labour; the regulations also allow operation by a person whom the proprietor considers competent by experience. Specified bodies must be authorised by the Commissioner for Labour and must train and issue certificates to the prescribed course specifications. Operating a crane without a valid certificate may be an offence."},{"titleZh":"指定機構與訓練","titleEn":"Specified bodies and training","bodyZh":"勞工處處長有權指定可簽發起重機操作員證明書的機構，建造業議會是其中之一。培訓按課程設計與規格分為新操作員課程、有經驗操作員課程及覆核課程；學員完成課程並通過考核，才獲發證明書。不同起重機類型須分別取得證明書，覆核課程則用於證明書到期前的續期，以確保持續符合操作資格。","bodyEn":"The Commissioner for Labour may specify the bodies that can issue crane operator certificates, and the Construction Industry Council is one of them. Training is divided, by course design and specifications, into a new-operator course, an experienced-operator course and a revalidation course; a certificate is issued only after completing the course and passing the assessment. Different crane types require separate certificates, and the revalidation course is used to renew a certificate before it expires. Operators must therefore keep their certificates current to stay on site."}],"payBasisZh":"香港無起重機操作員法定薪級。薪酬由僱主按機種（塔式、流動、吊臂車）、工地性質與經驗議定；本站不估算日薪或月薪。","payBasisEn":"There is no statutory pay scale for crane operators in Hong Kong. Pay is set by the employer according to the crane type (tower, mobile or lorry crane), the nature of the site and experience; this site prints no daily or monthly estimate.","entryZh":["年滿十八歲","持有指定機構（如建造業議會）或勞工處處長指定人士發出的有效起重機操作員證明書","或由東主認為憑經驗能勝任（規例訂明的另一途徑）","完成並通過勞工處訂明規格的起重機操作員訓練課程"],"entryEn":["Aged 18 or above","Hold a valid crane operator certificate issued by a specified body (such as the Construction Industry Council) or a person appointed by the Commissioner for Labour","Or be considered competent by experience by the proprietor (the other route allowed by the regulations)","Complete and pass a crane operator training course to the specifications laid down by the Labour Department"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"經指定機構訓練取得證明書","titleEn":"Get the certificate through a specified body","stepsZh":["報讀建造業議會或勞工處指定機構的起重機操作員課程","完成課程並通過考核","取得有效證明書","按證明書的起重機類型在工地操作，並在到期前參加覆核課程續期"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in a crane operator course run by the Construction Industry Council or another specified body","Complete the course and pass the assessment","Obtain a valid certificate","Operate the crane type covered by the certificate and renew it through a revalidation course before expiry"],"sourceIds":["careers-crane-operator-1","careers-crane-operator-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"起重機操作員（持有效證明書）","titleEn":"Crane operator (holding a valid certificate)"},{"titleZh":"資深操作員／多機種操作員","titleEn":"Experienced / multi-type crane operator"},{"titleZh":"吊運作業督導（視工地安排）","titleEn":"Lifting operation supervision (site-dependent)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"起重機操作員（持有效證明書）","titleEn":"Crane operator (holding a valid certificate)"},{"titleZh":"資深操作員／多機種操作員","titleEn":"Experienced / multi-type crane operator"},{"titleZh":"吊運作業督導（視工地安排）","titleEn":"Lifting operation supervision (site-dependent)"}],"sourceIds":["careers-crane-operator-1","careers-crane-operator-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"customs-inspector","titleZh":"海關督察","titleEn":"Customs Inspector","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"海關督察執行出入口管制、緝私、保護知識產權及消費者保障工作，涵蓋貨物查驗、情報分析、拘捕與檢控。入職者須符合學歷、語文、體能及視力要求，並通過遴選程序。","ledeEn":"Customs Inspectors enforce import and export controls, anti-smuggling, intellectual property and consumer protection, covering cargo examination, intelligence, arrests and prosecutions. Entry requires academic, language, physical and eyesight standards and a selection process.","bodyZh":"海關督察是香港海關的紀律人員（主任級）職位，工作涵蓋貨物查驗、風險與情報分析、反走私、保護知識產權及消費者保障，並負責拘捕與檢控。入職學歷設有數條路線，讓不同背景的申請人都可以申請。\n\n學歷方面，申請人須具備以下其中一項：持有學士學位，並在綜合招聘考試（CRE）中文運用及英文運用兩卷取得「一級」成績；或持有學士學位、認可副學士學位或高級文憑，並符合較低的語文要求；或在中學文憑考試五科取得第3級或以上，而中、英文達第2級或以上。所有申請人都須在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格，能操流利粵語及英語，並通過體能測驗及視力測驗，獲聘時須為香港特別行政區永久性居民。\n\n遴選程序分階段進行：先有小組討論，然後是筆試，筆試第I部含英文、中文及能力傾向三卷，第II部為中英文短文；其後為《基本法及香港國安法》測試、體能測驗及遴選面試。體能測驗包括立定跳遠、穿梯、靜態肌力及八百米跑四個項目。\n\n薪酬及聘用條款依「紀律人員（主任級）薪級表」釐定；海關督察須穿制服、佩帶槍械、輪班工作，並可能被派往香港特別行政區以外地方工作。","bodyEn":"A Customs Inspector is a disciplined services (officer) post in the Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department. The work covers cargo examination, risk and intelligence analysis, anti-smuggling, intellectual property rights protection and consumer protection, and includes arrests and prosecutions. Several academic routes are open so that applicants from different backgrounds can apply.\n\nOn academic qualifications, an applicant must meet one of the following: a bachelor's degree with Level 1 in both Use of Chinese and Use of English in the Common Recruitment Examination (CRE); or a bachelor's degree, accredited associate degree or higher diploma with the lower language requirement; or Level 3 in five HKDSE subjects with Level 2 in Chinese and English. All applicants must pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test, be able to speak fluent Cantonese and English, pass a physical fitness test and an eyesight test, and be a permanent resident of the HKSAR at the time of appointment.\n\nThe selection process runs in stages: a group discussion, then a written examination whose Part I has three papers (English, Chinese and aptitude) and whose Part II comprises essays in English and Chinese; then the Basic Law and National Security Law Test, the physical fitness test and a selection interview. The physical fitness test covers four items: standing long jump, ladder climb, static muscular strength and an 800-metre run.\n\nPay and appointment terms follow the Disciplined Services (Officer) Pay Scale. Inspectors wear uniform, carry firearms, work irregular hours and may be required to work outside the HKSAR.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"Scope of work","bodyZh":"海關督察主要領導及參與與稅收保障、反毒品、反走私及知識產權保護有關的執法工作，並協助高級督察處理人員管理與辦公室行政，督導下屬的工作。他們受《香港海關條例》規管，須穿制服、佩帶槍械、輪班工作，並可能被派往香港特別行政區以外地方執行職務，執行職務時的紀律與操守要求嚴格。","bodyEn":"A Customs Inspector mainly leads and takes part in law enforcement relating to revenue protection and collection, anti-narcotics, anti-smuggling and intellectual property rights protection, assists Senior Inspectors in staff management and office administration, and supervises the work of staff under their charge. They are subject to the Customs and Excise Service Ordinance, must wear uniform, carry firearms, work irregular hours and may be required to work outside the HKSAR. Because the work is enforcement work, discipline and conduct standards are strict."},{"titleZh":"入職條件","titleEn":"Entry requirements","bodyZh":"入職學歷設三條路線：持有學士學位並在綜合招聘考試中文運用及英文運用取得「一級」成績；或持有學士學位／認可副學士學位／高級文憑並符合指定語文要求；或在中學文憑考試五科取得第3級或以上，而中、英文達第2級或以上。此外，申請人須在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格、能操流利粵語及英語、通過體能測驗及視力測驗，並在獲聘時為香港特別行政區永久性居民。","bodyEn":"There are three academic routes: a bachelor's degree with Level 1 in both Use of Chinese and Use of English in the Common Recruitment Examination; or a bachelor's degree, accredited associate degree or higher diploma with the specified language requirement; or Level 3 or above in five HKDSE subjects with Level 2 in Chinese and English. In addition, an applicant must pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test, speak fluent Cantonese and English, pass the physical fitness test and the eyesight test, and be a permanent resident of the HKSAR at the time of appointment."},{"titleZh":"遴選程序","titleEn":"Selection process","bodyZh":"遴選分階段進行。先以小組討論考核申請人對時事的分析與表達，討論以粵語及英語進行；通過者進入筆試，第I部含英文、中文及能力傾向三卷（各三十題選擇題，三十分鐘），第II部為中英文各一題短文（各一小時）。其後為《基本法及香港國安法》測試、體能測驗及遴選面試。體能測驗包括立定跳遠、穿梯、靜態肌力及八百米跑四項。","bodyEn":"Selection runs in stages. A group discussion, conducted in Cantonese and English, tests analysis and expression on current affairs; those who pass proceed to the written examination, whose Part I has three papers — English, Chinese and aptitude, each of 30 multiple-choice questions in 30 minutes — and whose Part II comprises one essay question in English and one in Chinese, each an hour long. Then come the Basic Law and National Security Law Test, the physical fitness test and a selection interview. The physical fitness test covers standing long jump, ladder climb, static muscular strength and an 800-metre run."}],"payBasisZh":"屬紀律人員（主任級）職位，按公務員事務局公布的「紀律人員（主任級）薪級表」支薪，薪酬由職級對應的薪點範圍決定；本站不換算成實際金額。","payBasisEn":"A disciplined services (officer) post paid on the Disciplined Services (Officer) Pay Scale published by the Civil Service Bureau, with pay determined by the range of points for the rank; this site converts nothing into an actual amount.","entryZh":["持有學士學位，並在 CRE 中文運用及英文運用取得「一級」成績；或","持有學士學位／認可副學士學位／高級文憑，並符合指定語文要求；或","中學文憑考試五科第 3 級或以上，中文及英文第 2 級或以上","在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格","能操流利粵語及英語","通過體能測驗及視力測驗，並為香港特別行政區永久性居民"],"entryEn":["A bachelor's degree with Level 1 in both Use of Chinese and Use of English in the CRE; or","A bachelor's degree / accredited associate degree / higher diploma with the specified language requirement; or","Level 3 or above in five HKDSE subjects with Level 2 in Chinese and English","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Fluent Cantonese and English","Pass the physical fitness test and the eyesight test, and be a permanent resident of the HKSAR"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"經公開招聘入職海關督察","titleEn":"Join as a Customs Inspector through open recruitment","stepsZh":["符合其中一條學歷路線及語文要求","通過小組討論與筆試（第 I 部三卷及第 II 部短文）","通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試、體能測驗與視力測驗","通過遴選面試後獲聘入職"],"stepsEn":["Meet one of the academic routes and the language requirement","Pass the group discussion and the written examination (Part I papers and Part II essays)","Pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test, the physical fitness test and the eyesight test","Be appointed after passing the selection interview"],"sourceIds":["careers-customs-inspector-1","careers-customs-inspector-2"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"海關督察","titleEn":"Inspector of Customs and Excise"},{"titleZh":"高級督察","titleEn":"Senior Inspector"},{"titleZh":"更高職級","titleEn":"Higher ranks"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"海關督察","titleEn":"Inspector of Customs and Excise"},{"titleZh":"高級督察","titleEn":"Senior Inspector"},{"titleZh":"更高職級","titleEn":"Higher ranks"}],"sourceIds":["careers-customs-inspector-1","careers-customs-inspector-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"dental-hygienist","titleZh":"牙齒衞生員","titleEn":"Dental hygienist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"牙齒衞生員在牙醫指導下洗牙、去牙石、塗氟及提供口腔健康教育，並協助檢查牙周狀況。此職位不可獨立診斷或補牙。香港自 2026 年 8 月起把牙齒衞生員納入牙科護理專業人員註冊制度。","ledeEn":"Under a dentist's supervision, dental hygienists scale and polish teeth, remove calculus, apply fluoride and give oral health education. The role may not diagnose or do fillings. Hong Kong brought dental hygienists under a registration system in August 2026.","bodyZh":"牙齒衞生員做的是預防性與輔助性的口腔護理：洗牙、去除牙石、打磨牙面、塗氟與塗密封劑，以及向病人講解口腔衞生。這些工作須在牙醫指導下進行，職位不可以獨立作診斷，也不可以做補牙等屬牙醫的工作。\n\n香港以往以《牙科輔助人員（牙齒衞生員）規例》處理牙齒衞生員的登記。自2026年8月24日起，《牙醫註冊條例》（第156章）關於「牙科護理專業人員」（DenCPs）的條文生效，把牙齒衞生員納入新的註冊制度，第12部及附表3訂明其執業範圍與資格，註冊編號以「RDH」開首。\n\n認可資格包括本地院校開辦的牙科衞生課程。按香港牙醫管理委員會公布，現時獲認可的註冊資格包括由菲臘牙科醫院與香港大學專業進修學院合辦的牙科衞生高級文憑，以及由職業訓練局香港專業教育學院開辦的牙科衞生專業文憑。註冊牙齒衞生員須持有並按年續領執業證明書，與牙醫的執業要求一致。\n\n由於工作直接涉及病人口腔健康，衞生員須熟悉感染控制與器械消毒程序，並清楚自己的執業範圍界線。此外，衞生員亦要向病人解釋日常護理方法，協助他們維持口腔健康。","bodyEn":"Dental hygienists carry out preventive and supportive oral care: scaling, removing calculus, polishing tooth surfaces, applying fluoride and sealants, and explaining oral hygiene to patients. This work is done under a dentist's supervision; the role may not diagnose independently and may not perform dentist-only treatment such as fillings.\n\nHong Kong previously dealt with dental hygienist enrolment under the Ancillary Dental Workers (Dental Hygienists) Regulations. From 24 August 2026, the provisions of the Dentists Registration Ordinance (Cap. 156) on dental care professionals (DenCPs) came into effect, bringing dental hygienists into a new registration system. Part 12 and Schedule 3 set out their scope of practice and qualifications, and registrants' numbers begin with \"RDH\".\n\nRecognised qualifications include dental hygiene programmes run by local institutions. A registered dental hygienist must hold and annually renew a practising certificate, in line with the requirement for dentists.\n\nBecause the work directly concerns patients' oral health, hygienists must be familiar with infection control and instrument sterilisation procedures, and must be clear about the limits of their scope of practice. They also explain daily care to patients so that good oral health can be maintained between visits.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍與執業界線","titleEn":"Scope of practice and its limits","bodyZh":"牙齒衞生員的工作圍繞預防與輔助：洗牙、去除牙石、打磨牙面、塗氟與密封劑，並向病人講解口腔衞生與協助檢查牙周狀況。這些工作須在牙醫指導下進行。職位不可以獨立作診斷，也不可以做補牙等屬牙醫的治療。清楚知道自己可以做甚麼、不可以做甚麼，是這一行必須清楚緊守的重要專業界線。","bodyEn":"A dental hygienist's work centres on prevention and support: scaling, removing calculus, polishing tooth surfaces, applying fluoride and sealants, explaining oral hygiene and helping assess gum condition. This work is done under a dentist's supervision. The role may not diagnose independently or carry out dentist-only treatment such as fillings. Knowing what one may and may not do is an important professional boundary in this field. Hygienists also advise patients on brushing, flossing and diet, and record the condition of the teeth and gums for the dentist."},{"titleZh":"註冊制度：2026 年新規管","titleEn":"The registration system from 2026","bodyZh":"自2026年8月24日起，《牙醫註冊條例》（第156章）關於「牙科護理專業人員」（DenCPs）的條文生效，把牙齒衞生員納入新的註冊制度。第12部及附表3訂明其執業範圍與資格，註冊編號以「RDH」開首。此前，牙齒衞生員的登記由《牙科輔助人員（牙齒衞生員）規例》處理。新制度由香港牙醫管理委員會執行，並負責維持牙科護理專業人員的註冊名冊。","bodyEn":"From 24 August 2026, the provisions of the Dentists Registration Ordinance (Cap. 156) on dental care professionals (DenCPs) came into effect, bringing dental hygienists into a new registration system. Part 12 and Schedule 3 set out their scope of practice and qualifications, and registrants' numbers begin with \"RDH\". Previously, enrolment was handled under the Ancillary Dental Workers (Dental Hygienists) Regulations. The new system is administered by the Dental Council of Hong Kong. Registration is a legal requirement for practice in this class."},{"titleZh":"資格與持續執業","titleEn":"Qualifications and continuing practice","bodyZh":"認可資格包括本地院校開辦並獲牙醫管理委員會認可的牙科衞生課程。申請註冊者須完成認可課程，並向牙醫管理委員會申請註冊為牙科護理專業人員（牙齒衞生員類別）。註冊牙齒衞生員須持有並按年續領執業證明書，與牙醫的執業要求一致。工作直接涉及病人口腔健康，因此亦須熟悉感染控制與器械消毒。","bodyEn":"Recognised qualifications include dental hygiene programmes run by local institutions. An applicant must complete a recognised programme and apply to the Dental Council of Hong Kong for registration as a dental care professional in the dental hygienist class. A registered dental hygienist must hold and annually renew a practising certificate, in line with the requirement for dentists. Because the work directly concerns patients' oral health, familiarity with infection control and instrument sterilisation is essential. Qualifications of registrants are kept on the Council's register."}],"payBasisZh":"香港無牙齒衞生員法定薪級。公營機構按政府／醫院管理局公布的薪級表，私家診所則由僱主自訂；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"There is no statutory pay scale for dental hygienists in Hong Kong. Public-sector posts follow the pay scale published by the Government or the Hospital Authority, while private clinics set their own; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["完成牙醫管理委員會認可的牙科衞生課程","向牙醫管理委員會申請註冊為牙科護理專業人員（牙齒衞生員類別）","持有並按年續領有效的執業證明書","在牙醫指導下執業，遵守附表 3 訂明的執業範圍"],"entryEn":["Complete a dental hygiene programme recognised by the Dental Council of Hong Kong","Apply to the Dental Council of Hong Kong for registration as a dental care professional in the dental hygienist class","Hold and annually renew a valid practising certificate","Practise under a dentist's supervision and observe the scope of practice set out in Schedule 3"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"經認可課程註冊","titleEn":"Register through a recognised programme","stepsZh":["入讀並完成認可的牙科衞生高級文憑或專業文憑課程","向牙醫管理委員會申請註冊為牙科護理專業人員","取得執業證明書後在牙醫指導下執業","按年續領執業證明書"],"stepsEn":["Enter and complete a recognised higher diploma or professional diploma in dental hygiene","Apply to the Dental Council of Hong Kong for registration as a dental care professional","Practise under a dentist's supervision once the practising certificate is obtained","Renew the practising certificate annually"],"sourceIds":["careers-dental-hygienist-1","careers-dental-hygienist-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"註冊牙齒衞生員","titleEn":"Registered dental hygienist"},{"titleZh":"資深牙齒衞生員／診所督導","titleEn":"Senior dental hygienist / clinic supervisor"},{"titleZh":"進修：牙科治療師等相關專業","titleEn":"Further study: related professions such as dental therapist"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"註冊牙齒衞生員","titleEn":"Registered dental hygienist"},{"titleZh":"資深牙齒衞生員／診所督導","titleEn":"Senior dental hygienist / clinic supervisor"},{"titleZh":"進修：牙科治療師等相關專業","titleEn":"Further study: related professions such as dental therapist"}],"sourceIds":["careers-dental-hygienist-1","careers-dental-hygienist-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"driving-instructor","titleZh":"駕駛教師","titleEn":"Driving instructor","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"駕駛教師在學車場及路面教授私家車、輕型貨車或電單車駕駛，講解交通規則與考試要求，並負責車輛安全與學員情緒。私人駕駛教師執照由運輸署簽發，申請人須先累積指定年期的正式駕駛資歷。","ledeEn":"Driving instructors teach private car, light goods vehicle or motorcycle driving on the training ground and on road, explaining traffic rules and test requirements. The Transport Department issues private driving instructor's licences, and applicants must hold full licences for a specified number of years.","bodyZh":"在香港做私人駕駛教師，要先取得運輸署簽發的私人駕駛教師執照。執照分為不同組別，第一組別教授私家車及輕型貨車，其他組別涵蓋輕型巴士、巴士或電單車等。\n\n申請第一組別執照的駕駛經驗門檻，已較以往提高。按運輸署及政府一站通的現行要求，申請人須持有有效的私家車及輕型貨車（車輛分類代碼1及2）正式駕駛執照，並在緊接申請日期之前一直持有該等執照最少六年，該段持有期不包括暫准駕駛期。申請人亦須符合其他條件，例如在指定年期內沒有干犯指定的道路交通罪行。\n\n考試配額亦分為不同類別，包括公開配額與駕駛教師配額，兩者的資格要求略有差異。取得執照後，駕駛教師方可教授學員；執照須定期續領。申請新領、續領或加簽執照時，須按運輸署要求提交相關證明文件。\n\n除駕駛技術外，駕駛教師亦要負責車輛日常安全、教學路線安排，以及處理學員在學車過程中的緊張情緒。如日後要教授其他車種，須按相關組別的資格要求另行申請加簽。","bodyEn":"To work as a private driving instructor in Hong Kong, you must first obtain a private driving instructor's licence from the Transport Department. Licences are divided into groups: Group 1 covers private cars and light goods vehicles, while other groups cover light buses, buses or motorcycles.\n\nThe driving-experience threshold for a Group 1 licence has been raised over time. Under the current requirements of the Transport Department and GovHK, an applicant must hold valid full driving licences for private cars and light goods vehicles (vehicle classification codes 1 and 2) and have held those licences for at least six years immediately before the application date; that holding period excludes the probationary driving period. Applicants must also meet other conditions, such as having no conviction for specified road traffic offences within a set period.\n\nExamination quotas are also divided into categories, including a public quota and a driving instructor quota, with slightly different qualification requirements. Only after obtaining the licence may a person teach learners, and the licence must be renewed periodically.\n\nBeyond driving technique, a driving instructor is responsible for the daily safety of the vehicle, the arrangement of teaching routes, and helping learners manage their nerves during lessons.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作內容","titleEn":"What the job involves","bodyZh":"駕駛教師在學車場及路面教授私家車、輕型貨車或電單車駕駛，講解交通規則與考試要求，並按學員進度安排練習路線。他們同時負責車輛日常安全檢查、教學編排，以及處理學員在學車過程中的緊張情緒。教學要顧及安全與考試要求兩方面。面對突發路面情況時，教師亦要即時示範正確處理方法。","bodyEn":"Driving instructors teach private car, light goods vehicle or motorcycle driving on the training ground and on road, explain traffic rules and test requirements, and plan practice routes according to a learner's progress. They are also responsible for the vehicle's daily safety checks, lesson scheduling and helping learners manage nerves during lessons. Teaching has to serve both safety and test requirements. When problems arise on the road, the instructor must show the correct response at once, and lessons have to build a learner's confidence over time."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：私人駕駛教師執照","titleEn":"The gate: the private driving instructor's licence","bodyZh":"私人駕駛教師執照由運輸署簽發，分為不同組別。以第一組別（私家車及輕型貨車）為例，申請人須持有有效的私家車及輕型貨車（代碼 1 及 2）正式駕駛執照，並在緊接申請日期之前一直持有該等執照最少六年，該段持有期不包括暫准駕駛期。申請人亦須符合其他條件，例如在指定年期內沒有干犯指定的道路交通罪行。","bodyEn":"The private driving instructor's licence is issued by the Transport Department and divided into groups. For Group 1 (private cars and light goods vehicles), an applicant must hold valid full driving licences for private cars and light goods vehicles (codes 1 and 2) and have held those licences for at least six years immediately before the application date, excluding the probationary driving period. Applicants must also meet other conditions, such as having no conviction for specified road traffic offences within a set period."},{"titleZh":"資格組別與續領","titleEn":"Licence groups and renewal","bodyZh":"私人駕駛教師執照按車輛種類分為不同組別，第一組別涵蓋私家車及輕型貨車，其他組別涵蓋輕型巴士、巴士或電單車。考試配額分為公開配額與駕駛教師配額，兩者資格要求略有差異。取得執照後方可教授學員，執照有效期為一年，須在到期前續領，並可申請私人駕駛教師識別牌；如擬教授其他車種，須另加簽相應組別。","bodyEn":"The private driving instructor's licence is divided by vehicle type: Group 1 covers private cars and light goods vehicles, while other groups cover light buses, buses or motorcycles. Examination quotas are split between a public quota and a driving instructor quota, with slightly different qualification requirements. Only after obtaining the licence may a person teach learners, and the licence must be renewed periodically; to teach other vehicle types, the relevant group must be added. Requirements and quotas are set out in the Transport Department's guidance notes."}],"payBasisZh":"香港無駕駛教師法定薪級。私人執業者按自身收費，駕駛學校由僱主定價；本站不估算收費或月薪。","payBasisEn":"There is no statutory pay scale for driving instructors in Hong Kong. Private practitioners set their own charges, while driving schools set prices as employers; this site prints no charge or monthly estimate.","entryZh":["持有私家車及輕型貨車（代碼 1 及 2）有效正式駕駛執照","在緊接申請前已最少連續持有上述執照六年（該段持有期不包括暫准駕駛期）","在指定年期內沒有干犯指定的道路交通罪行","通過運輸署的申請及考試程序","按所屬組別取得相應的私人駕駛教師執照"],"entryEn":["Hold valid full driving licences for private cars and light goods vehicles (codes 1 and 2)","Have held those licences for at least six years immediately before the application (excluding the probationary driving period)","Have no conviction for specified road traffic offences within a set period","Pass the Transport Department's application and examination process","Obtain the relevant private driving instructor's licence for the group concerned"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"累積駕駛年資後申請","titleEn":"Apply after building up driving experience","stepsZh":["考取私家車及輕型貨車正式駕駛執照","連續持有該等執照滿六年（不包括暫准駕駛期）","在符合無指定交通罪行等條件後，向運輸署申請私人駕駛教師執照","取得執照後按組別教授學員"],"stepsEn":["Obtain full driving licences for private cars and light goods vehicles","Hold those licences continuously for six years (excluding the probationary period)","Once the conditions such as having no specified traffic convictions are met, apply to the Transport Department for the licence","Teach learners in the relevant group after obtaining the licence"],"sourceIds":["careers-driving-instructor-1","careers-driving-instructor-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"私人駕駛教師（第一組別）","titleEn":"Private driving instructor (Group 1)"},{"titleZh":"加簽／考取其他組別","titleEn":"Add or qualify for other groups"},{"titleZh":"駕駛學校導師／資深駕駛教師","titleEn":"Driving school instructor / experienced driving instructor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"私人駕駛教師（第一組別）","titleEn":"Private driving instructor (Group 1)"},{"titleZh":"加簽／考取其他組別","titleEn":"Add or qualify for other groups"},{"titleZh":"駕駛學校導師／資深駕駛教師","titleEn":"Driving school instructor / experienced driving instructor"}],"sourceIds":["careers-driving-instructor-1","careers-driving-instructor-2","careers-driving-instructor-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"early-childhood-worker","titleZh":"幼兒工作員","titleEn":"Early childhood worker","industryZh":"教育及培訓","industryEn":"Education & training","sectorId":"education","ledeZh":"幼兒工作員在幼兒中心照顧幼兒起居、遊戲與安全，並記錄健康與發展。任職幼兒中心者須註冊為幼兒工作員，並完成社會福利署署長認可的訓練課程。","ledeEn":"Early childhood workers care for young children in child care centres, covering daily care, play and safety, and recording health and development. They must be registered as a Child Care Worker after completing a training course approved by the Director of Social Welfare.","bodyZh":"在幼兒中心任職的幼兒員工，必須註冊為幼兒工作員（Child Care Worker）或幼兒中心主管（Child Care Supervisor）。這是一項法定要求，中心不可以聘用未註冊的人員擔任照顧幼兒的職務。\n\n註冊由教育局的幼稚園及幼兒中心聯合辦事處與社會福利署共同處理，制度源自《幼兒服務條例》（第243章）及《幼兒服務規例》（第243A章）。按規例第3(1)(a)或(b)條，申請人須成功完成經社會福利署署長認可的訓練課程，方符合註冊資格。申請人須填妥「幼兒中心職員註冊申請」表（JOKC Form 12），並附上有關證明文件。\n\n認可的訓練課程清單由教育局公布，涵蓋多年來獲認可的院校與課程，並就幼兒工作員與幼兒中心主管分別列出。要成為幼兒中心主管，一般需要較高的資歷與經驗。除員工註冊外，幼兒中心本身亦須按《幼兒服務條例》（第243章）註冊；中心與員工同受這套規管框架約束。\n\n除註冊外，幼兒工作員的日常工作亦涉及起居照顧、遊戲與學習活動、安全看護，以及記錄幼兒的健康與發展情況。中心的運作亦須符合社會福利署的《學前機構運作手冊》，該手冊自2006年9月起取代幼兒中心的實務守則。","bodyEn":"Child care staff serving in a child care centre must be registered as a Child Care Worker or a Child Care Supervisor. This is a statutory requirement, and a centre may not employ an unregistered person to take on child care duties.\n\nRegistration is handled by the Education Bureau's Joint Office for Kindergartens and Child Care Centres together with the Social Welfare Department, under the Child Care Services Ordinance (Cap. 243) and the Child Care Services Regulations (Cap. 243A). Under regulation 3(1)(a) or (b), an applicant must have successfully completed a training course approved by the Director of Social Welfare to be eligible for registration. Applicants complete the Application for Inclusion in the Register of Child Care Staff (JOKC Form 12) and attach the relevant supporting documents.\n\nThe list of approved training courses is published by the Education Bureau and covers institutions and courses recognised over the years. Becoming a Child Care Supervisor generally requires higher qualifications and experience.\n\nBesides registration, the day-to-day work of an early childhood worker covers daily care, play and learning activities, safety supervision, and recording children's health and development.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作內容","titleEn":"What the job involves","bodyZh":"幼兒工作員在幼兒中心或託管服務照顧幼兒起居，包括餵食、午睡、遊戲與安全看護，並記錄幼兒的健康與發展情況。工作要顧及幼兒的安全與情緒，亦要與家長及其他員工溝通配合。照顧對象年齡小，突發情況多，因此細心與應變能力同樣重要。日常亦要留意中心環境與用具的安全，並適時向家長交代。","bodyEn":"Early childhood workers care for young children in a child care centre or child care service, covering feeding, nap time, play and safety supervision, and record children's health and development. The work must address children's safety and emotions and involves communicating with parents and other staff. Because the children are very young and situations can change quickly, attentiveness and the ability to respond matter as much as care. They also keep an eye on the safety of the centre's environment and equipment."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：幼兒工作員註冊","titleEn":"The gate: Child Care Worker registration","bodyZh":"在幼兒中心任職的幼兒員工必須註冊為幼兒工作員或幼兒中心主管。註冊由教育局的幼稚園及幼兒中心聯合辦事處與社會福利署共同處理，制度源自《幼兒服務條例》（第243章）及《幼兒服務規例》（第243A章）。按規例第3(1)(a)或(b)條，申請人須成功完成經社會福利署署長認可的訓練課程，方符合註冊資格，並須填妥 JOKC Form 12 及附上證明文件。","bodyEn":"Child care staff in a centre must be registered as a Child Care Worker or a Child Care Supervisor. Registration is handled by the Education Bureau's Joint Office for Kindergartens and Child Care Centres together with the Social Welfare Department, under the Child Care Services Ordinance (Cap. 243) and the Child Care Services Regulations (Cap. 243A). Under regulation 3(1)(a) or (b), an applicant must have completed a training course approved by the Director of Social Welfare to be eligible, and must complete JOKC Form 12 with supporting documents."},{"titleZh":"認可訓練課程","titleEn":"Approved training courses","bodyZh":"註冊的核心條件，是完成經社會福利署署長認可的訓練課程。認可課程清單由教育局公布，涵蓋多年來獲認可的院校與課程。要成為幼兒中心主管，一般需要較高的資歷與經驗。由於制度由法例與規例訂明，中心與從業員都須按官方公布的認可課程名單辦事，未完成認可課程者不合註冊資格。","bodyEn":"The core condition for registration is completing a training course approved by the Director of Social Welfare. The list of approved courses is published by the Education Bureau and covers institutions and courses recognised over the years. Becoming a Child Care Supervisor generally requires higher qualifications and experience. Because the system is set by ordinance and regulations, both centres and practitioners must work from the officially published list of approved courses; those who have not completed one are not eligible for registration."}],"payBasisZh":"香港無幼兒工作員法定薪級。資助幼兒中心按政府相關薪級安排，私家及非牟利機構由僱主自訂；本站不估算月薪。","payBasisEn":"There is no statutory pay scale for early childhood workers in Hong Kong. Subsidised child care centres follow the relevant government pay arrangements, while private and non-profit organisations set their own; this site prints no monthly estimate.","entryZh":["成功完成經社會福利署署長認可的訓練課程","向幼稚園及幼兒中心聯合辦事處申請註冊為幼兒工作員（JOKC Form 12）","在幼兒中心任職者，須完成註冊方可照顧幼兒","申請幼兒中心主管，另須符合較高的資歷與經驗要求"],"entryEn":["Successfully complete a training course approved by the Director of Social Welfare","Apply to the Joint Office for Kindergartens and Child Care Centres for registration as a Child Care Worker (JOKC Form 12)","Anyone serving in a child care centre must be registered before taking on child care duties","Applying as a Child Care Supervisor requires higher qualifications and experience"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"經認可課程註冊","titleEn":"Register through an approved course","stepsZh":["修讀並完成教育局公布的認可訓練課程","填妥「幼兒中心職員註冊申請」表（JOKC Form 12）","向幼稚園及幼兒中心聯合辦事處遞交申請及證明文件","獲納入幼兒中心職員名冊後在中心任職"],"stepsEn":["Take and complete an approved training course on the Education Bureau's list","Complete the Application for Inclusion in the Register of Child Care Staff (JOKC Form 12)","Submit the application and supporting documents to the Joint Office for Kindergartens and Child Care Centres","Work in a centre after being included in the register of child care staff"],"sourceIds":["careers-early-childhood-worker-1","careers-early-childhood-worker-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"幼兒工作員","titleEn":"Child Care Worker"},{"titleZh":"幼兒中心主管","titleEn":"Child Care Supervisor"},{"titleZh":"中心主任／校長","titleEn":"Centre head / principal"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"幼兒工作員","titleEn":"Child Care Worker"},{"titleZh":"幼兒中心主管","titleEn":"Child Care Supervisor"},{"titleZh":"中心主任／校長","titleEn":"Centre head / principal"}],"sourceIds":["careers-early-childhood-worker-1","careers-early-childhood-worker-2","careers-early-childhood-worker-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"electrical-engineer","titleZh":"電機工程師","titleEn":"Electrical engineer","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"電機工程師負責供電、配電、照明及電動機控制系統的設計與驗收。專業工程師須經香港工程師學會評審後按《工程師註冊條例》註冊；從事固定電力裝置工程者，須向機電工程署註冊為電業工程人員。","ledeEn":"Electrical engineers design and commission power supply, distribution, lighting and motor control systems. In Hong Kong, professional engineers register under the Engineers Registration Ordinance after HKIE assessment, while hands-on fixed electrical installation work requires registration with the EMSD.","bodyZh":"香港的電機工程業界有兩層資格要分清楚。第一層是專業工程師身分。依香港工程師學會（HKIE）公布的會員類別，會員須取得認可或同等工程學位、接受足夠訓練、累積負責的實務經驗，並通過學會的專業評審。取得學會正會員（MHKIE）或資深會員（FHKIE）資格後，可按《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）向工程師註冊管理局申請成為註冊專業工程師（RPE）；條例要求申請人通常在香港取得一年相關專業經驗、通常居於香港，並符合條例其他要求。\n\n第二層是機電工程署（EMSD）的電業工程人員註冊。凡從事固定電力裝置的安裝、校驗、檢查、測試、維修、改裝或修理，包括監督工程與簽發證明書，都必須註冊。註冊分五級：A、B、C級對應不同的最高電力需求量，H級針對高壓裝置，R級則涵蓋空氣調節、霓虹招牌等特定類別。學歷與經驗門檻由學徒訓練、香港專業教育學院證書／文憑／高級證書，到大學電機工程學位不等，各級另設指定年期的實際電力工作經驗要求。\n\n實務上，電機工程師多在電力公司、機電承辦商、工程顧問行、政府部門或設施管理公司任職，兼顧設計、項目管理、測試驗收與故障處理。業界分析指出，隨着北部都會區等大型項目推進，市場對電機工程人手有持續需求。要留意：持學位並不等同可簽發法定文件，法定級別的電力工程仍須符合EMSD的註冊要求，兩者不能互相取代。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong's electrical engineering field has two distinct layers of qualification. The first is professional status. Under the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (HKIE), a Member must hold an accredited or equivalent engineering degree, receive adequate training, build responsible experience and pass the Institution's Professional Assessment. Once a corporate Member (MHKIE) or Fellow (FHKIE), a person may apply to the Engineers Registration Board to become a Registered Professional Engineer (RPE) under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409), which generally requires one year of relevant post-qualification experience in Hong Kong and ordinary residence here.\n\nThe second layer is registration with the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) as an electrical worker. Anyone doing installation, verification, inspection, testing, repair, alteration or maintenance of fixed electrical installations - including supervising work and signing certificates - must be registered. There are five grades: A, B and C correspond to different maximum electricity demand levels, Grade H covers high-voltage installations, and Grade R covers specific categories such as air-conditioning and neon signs. Academic and experience thresholds range from apprenticeship and IVE certificates, diplomas and higher certificates to a university electrical engineering degree, each grade requiring a set period of practical electrical work experience.\n\nIn practice, electrical engineers work for power companies, E&M contractors, consulting firms, government departments or facilities management companies, covering design, project management, testing and commissioning, and fault handling. Industry analysis notes continuing demand for electrical engineering manpower as major projects such as the Northern Metropolis advance. Note that a degree alone does not permit signing statutory documents; statutory-grade electrical work still requires EMSD registration, and the two cannot substitute for each other.","sections":[{"titleZh":"兩層身份：學會會員與註冊專業工程師","titleEn":"Two layers: HKIE membership and RPE","bodyZh":"在香港，「工程師」與「電業工程人員」是兩個不同的資格軌道。專業工程師走的是香港工程師學會路線：先有認可或同等工程學位，經訓練與實務經驗，通過學會專業評審成為正會員；再依《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師，通常須在香港取得一年相關專業經驗並通常居於香港。註冊專業工程師是用於簽署若干法定文件、承擔專業責任的身分。","bodyEn":"In Hong Kong, 'engineer' and 'electrical worker' are two different qualification tracks. The professional engineer route runs through the HKIE: an accredited or equivalent engineering degree, training and responsible experience, then the Institution's Professional Assessment to become a corporate Member; then registration with the Engineers Registration Board as an RPE under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409), generally requiring one year of relevant post-qualification experience in Hong Kong and ordinary residence. RPE status is what allows a person to sign certain statutory documents and take on professional responsibility."},{"titleZh":"機電工程署的電業工程人員註冊","titleEn":"EMSD electrical worker registration","bodyZh":"機電工程署負責電業工程人員註冊，共分A、B、C、R、H五級。A級適用於最高電力需求量不超過400安培的低壓固定電力裝置，B級至2500安培，C級為任何電量；H級針對高壓裝置；R級按空氣調節、霓虹招牌等特定類別劃分。申請人須具備學歷、訓練及經驗，例如完成登記學徒合約並持有香港專業教育學院電機技工證書，且有最少一年實際經驗；或持學位並在畢業後完成認可訓練及兩年實際經驗。註冊有效期一般為3年，續期前須完成持續進修。","bodyEn":"The EMSD registers electrical workers in five grades: A, B, C, R and H. Grade A covers low-voltage fixed installations with a maximum demand not exceeding 400 amperes, Grade B up to 2,500 amperes, and Grade C any capacity; Grade H covers high-voltage installations; Grade R covers specific categories such as air-conditioning and neon signs. Applicants must show qualifications, training and experience - for example, completing a registered apprenticeship with an IVE electrical craft certificate and at least one year of practical experience, or holding a degree with recognised post-graduation training and two years of practical experience. Registration usually lasts three years and renewal requires continuing professional development."},{"titleZh":"入行路徑與行業實況","titleEn":"Entry routes and industry reality","bodyZh":"入行路徑大致分兩條：一條由大學電機工程學位起步，經學會評審成為專業工程師；另一條由學徒或技術證書起步，經考試或行業測試及實際經驗，逐級取得電業工程人員資格。業界指出，大型基建與北部都會區發展帶動電機工程需求；同時，法定級別的電力工程必須由註冊人員執行，持學位者若未符合EMSD註冊要求，亦不能簽發相關證明書。","bodyEn":"There are broadly two entry routes: one starting from a university electrical engineering degree and leading to professional engineer status through HKIE assessment; another starting from an apprenticeship or technical certificate and gaining qualifications grade by grade through examinations or trade tests and practical experience. Industry sources point to demand driven by major infrastructure and the Northern Metropolis. At the same time, statutory-grade electrical work must be done by registered personnel; a degree holder who does not meet EMSD registration requirements still cannot sign the relevant certificates."}],"payBasisZh":"電機工程師的薪酬由僱主決定，並無統一法定薪級。私人機構按市場行情與公司制度釐定，政府及公營機構則按公務員或部門薪級表；按EMSD註冊級別從事的技術職位，待遇同樣由僱主與僱員議定。本站不寫任何月薪、時薪或年薪數字。","payBasisEn":"Electrical engineers' pay is set by the employer; there is no unified statutory scale. Private firms decide by market rates and company policy, while government and public bodies use civil service or departmental pay scales. Technical posts tied to EMSD registration grades are likewise agreed between employer and employee. No monthly, hourly or annual figures are stated here.","entryZh":["認可或同等工程學學位（HKIE會員學歷要求）","接受足夠訓練並累積負責的實務經驗，通過HKIE專業評審","按《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）向工程師註冊管理局申請RPE，通常須在港取得一年相關專業經驗並通常居於香港","從事固定電力裝置工程者，另須符合機電工程署電業工程人員註冊（A/B/C/R/H級）的學歷、訓練及經驗要求","香港的電力工作經驗須在有效及適當級別的註冊電業工程人員監督下取得"],"entryEn":["An accredited or equivalent engineering degree (HKIE membership requirement)","Adequate training and responsible experience, then passing the HKIE Professional Assessment","Apply to the Engineers Registration Board as an RPE under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409), generally needing one year of relevant post-qualification experience in Hong Kong and ordinary residence","For fixed electrical installation work, also meet EMSD electrical worker registration (Grades A/B/C/R/H) academic, training and experience requirements","Hong Kong electrical work experience must be gained under the supervision of a valid registered electrical worker of the appropriate grade"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"專業工程師路線","titleEn":"Professional engineer route","stepsZh":["取得認可或同等電機工程學學位","成為HKIE畢業會員並完成實務訓練","通過HKIE專業評審，取得會員（MHKIE）資格","依《工程師註冊條例》向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師"],"stepsEn":["Obtain an accredited or equivalent electrical engineering degree","Become an HKIE Graduate Member and complete practical training","Pass the HKIE Professional Assessment to become a corporate Member (MHKIE)","Register with the Engineers Registration Board as an RPE under the Engineers Registration Ordinance"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"電業工程人員路線","titleEn":"Electrical worker route","stepsZh":["完成登記學徒訓練，或取得電機技術證書／文憑","在註冊電業工程人員監督下累積實際電力工作經驗","通過機電工程署認可或主辦的考試／行業測試","先註冊為A級，其後按年資與考試逐級取得B級及C級"],"stepsEn":["Complete a registered apprenticeship, or obtain an electrical technical certificate or diploma","Build practical experience under a registered electrical worker's supervision","Pass an examination or trade test recognised or organised by the EMSD","Register at Grade A, then progress to Grades B and C with experience and examinations"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"助理／畢業工程師","titleEn":"Assistant / graduate engineer"},{"titleZh":"工程師／註冊專業工程師","titleEn":"Engineer / registered professional engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior engineer"},{"titleZh":"首席／總工程師","titleEn":"Principal / chief engineer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"助理／畢業工程師","titleEn":"Assistant / graduate engineer"},{"titleZh":"工程師／註冊專業工程師","titleEn":"Engineer / registered professional engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior engineer"},{"titleZh":"首席／總工程師","titleEn":"Principal / chief engineer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-electrical-engineer-1","careers-electrical-engineer-2","careers-electrical-engineer-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"electronic-engineer","titleZh":"電子工程師","titleEn":"Electronic engineer","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"電子工程師設計電路板與嵌入式電子系統，涵蓋線路設計、原型測試、電磁兼容評估與量產導入。在香港，專業工程師身分同樣經香港工程師學會評審後按《工程師註冊條例》註冊。","ledeEn":"Electronic engineers design circuit boards and embedded electronic systems, covering schematic design, prototype testing, electromagnetic compatibility assessment and transfer to mass production. In Hong Kong, professional engineer status comes through HKIE assessment and registration under the Engineers Registration Ordinance.","bodyZh":"電子工程師的工作由電路層面開始，發展到整機與系統。日常包括線路設計與原理圖、印刷電路板布局、元件選型、原型焊接與測試、訊號量測，以及為產品通過電磁兼容與安全要求作準備；產品定案後還要處理量產導入、測試治具與良率問題。與電機工程相比，電子工程更貼近低電壓、訊號處理與嵌入式軟硬件的整合。\n\n在香港，專業身分的門檻與其他工程界別一致。香港工程師學會設有電子分部，其會員須取得認可或同等工程學位、接受足夠訓練、累積負責的實務經驗，並通過學會的專業評審。取得學會正會員或資深會員資格後，可依《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）向工程師註冊管理局申請成為註冊專業工程師；條例要求申請人通常在香港取得一年相關專業經驗、通常居於香港並符合其他要求。\n\n行業實況方面，電子工程師多任職於電子製造、消費電子、電訊設備、醫療儀器、汽車電子及初創硬件公司，亦有部分人轉做系統整合、技術銷售或認證測試。香港本地製造規模有限，不少工種涉及與珠三角廠房協作，因此量產溝通、供應鏈與內地標準的認識往往是實務上的關鍵。要留意，認可學位並不等同自動取得法定身分，工作經驗與評審仍是必經關卡。","bodyEn":"An electronic engineer's work starts at the circuit level and extends to complete products and systems. Day to day this covers schematic and circuit design, printed circuit board layout, component selection, prototype assembly and testing, signal measurement, and preparing products for electromagnetic compatibility and safety requirements; once a design is frozen there is mass-production introduction, test jigs and yield issues. Compared with electrical engineering, electronics leans more towards low-voltage, signal processing and integrating embedded hardware and software.\n\nIn Hong Kong the professional threshold matches other engineering disciplines. The HKIE runs an Electronics Division, and its Members must hold an accredited or equivalent engineering degree, receive adequate training, build responsible experience and pass the Institution's Professional Assessment. Once a corporate Member or Fellow, a person may apply to the Engineers Registration Board to become a Registered Professional Engineer under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409), which generally requires one year of relevant post-qualification experience in Hong Kong, ordinary residence and other conditions.\n\nIn practice, electronic engineers work in electronics manufacturing, consumer electronics, telecommunications equipment, medical devices, automotive electronics and hardware start-ups, with some moving into systems integration, technical sales or certification testing. Local manufacturing is modest, and many roles involve working with factories in the Pearl River Delta, so mass-production communication, supply-chain knowledge and familiarity with Mainland standards are often decisive in practice. Note that an accredited degree does not by itself confer statutory status; experience and assessment remain essential steps.","sections":[{"titleZh":"電子工程的專業分工","titleEn":"How electronic engineering divides","bodyZh":"電子工程的分支相當細。有人專攻模擬與射頻電路，有人做數碼與嵌入式系統，有人負責電源管理、感應器或通訊模組，也有人集中在驗證與合規測試。香港工程師學會設有電子分部，可見學界與業界把電子工程視為獨立界別處理。無論走哪個分支，線路設計、測試量測與產品導入都是共同的核心技能，而且往往要在成本、功耗與可靠性之間取捨。","bodyEn":"Electronic engineering is finely divided. Some specialise in analogue and radio-frequency circuits, others in digital and embedded systems, power management, sensors or communication modules, and others in verification and compliance testing. The HKIE's Electronics Division shows that academia and industry treat electronics as a discipline of its own. Whichever branch is chosen, schematic design, testing and measurement and product introduction are shared core skills, and engineers constantly trade off cost, power consumption and reliability when turning an idea into a manufacturable product."},{"titleZh":"專業註冊與法定身分","titleEn":"Professional registration and statutory status","bodyZh":"電子工程師的法定身分與其他界別同源。先要成為香港工程師學會會員，學歷須為認可或同等工程學位，並經訓練、實務經驗及專業評審；再依《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）向工程師註冊管理局申請成為註冊專業工程師，通常須在港取得一年相關專業經驗並通常居於香港。註冊身分是簽署若干法定文件、承擔專業責任的基礎，並非單憑學位即可取得。","bodyEn":"An electronic engineer's statutory status comes from the same source as other disciplines. First comes HKIE membership: an accredited or equivalent engineering degree, plus training, practical experience and the Professional Assessment; then registration with the Engineers Registration Board as an RPE under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409), generally requiring one year of relevant post-qualification experience in Hong Kong and ordinary residence. Registration is the basis for signing certain statutory documents and carrying professional responsibility, and is not conferred by a degree alone."},{"titleZh":"行業實況與常見去向","titleEn":"Industry reality and common destinations","bodyZh":"本地電子工程職位集中在電子製造、電訊設備、醫療儀器、汽車電子及硬件初創，也有工種涉及系統整合、品質與認證測試。由於香港製造規模有限，不少設計與量產要和珠三角廠房協作，供應鏈管理、跨地溝通及對內地標準的掌握因此相當重要。行業技術更新快，從業員普遍需要持續進修，以跟上通訊制式、晶片平台與標準的變化。","bodyEn":"Local electronic engineering posts cluster in electronics manufacturing, telecoms equipment, medical devices, automotive electronics and hardware start-ups, with some roles in systems integration, quality and certification testing. Because local manufacturing is modest, much design and production involves working with Pearl River Delta factories, making supply-chain management, cross-border communication and familiarity with Mainland standards important. Technology moves fast, so continuing professional development is common as engineers keep up with communication standards, chip platforms and evolving requirements. Employment is thus tied to the wider electronics cycle."}],"payBasisZh":"電子工程師的薪酬由僱主決定，沒有統一法定薪級。私人企業按市場行情、公司規模與產品線釐定，並多以年度花紅或項目獎金調整；政府及公營機構則依公務員或部門薪級表。註冊專業工程師身分本身不附帶官方薪酬，待遇仍由聘用機構與僱員議定。本站不列任何薪酬金額。","payBasisEn":"Electronic engineers' pay is set by the employer, with no unified statutory scale. Private firms decide by market rates, company size and product line, often adjusting through annual bonuses or project incentives, while government and public bodies follow civil service or departmental pay scales. RPE status itself carries no official remuneration; terms are agreed between the hiring organisation and the employee. No pay figures are listed here.","entryZh":["認可或同等電子／電機工程學學位（HKIE會員學歷要求）","接受足夠訓練並累積負責的實務經驗，通過HKIE專業評審","按《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）向工程師註冊管理局申請RPE，通常須在港取得一年相關專業經驗並通常居於香港","具備電路設計、原型測試與量測等實務能力","跨境量產職位或需熟悉珠三角廠房協作與相關標準"],"entryEn":["An accredited or equivalent electronic or electrical engineering degree (HKIE membership requirement)","Adequate training and responsible experience, then passing the HKIE Professional Assessment","Apply to the Engineers Registration Board as an RPE under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409), generally needing one year of relevant post-qualification experience in Hong Kong and ordinary residence","Practical ability in circuit design, prototype testing and measurement","Cross-border mass-production roles may require familiarity with Pearl River Delta factory collaboration and relevant standards"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"專業工程師路線","titleEn":"Professional engineer route","stepsZh":["取得認可或同等電子／電機工程學學位","成為HKIE畢業會員並完成實務訓練，累積設計與測試經驗","通過HKIE專業評審，取得會員（MHKIE）資格","依《工程師註冊條例》向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師"],"stepsEn":["Obtain an accredited or equivalent electronic or electrical engineering degree","Become an HKIE Graduate Member, complete practical training and build design and test experience","Pass the HKIE Professional Assessment to become a corporate Member (MHKIE)","Register with the Engineers Registration Board as an RPE under the Engineers Registration Ordinance"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"助理／畢業工程師","titleEn":"Assistant / graduate engineer"},{"titleZh":"電子工程師","titleEn":"Electronic engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior engineer"},{"titleZh":"首席工程師／技術經理","titleEn":"Principal engineer / engineering manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"助理／畢業工程師","titleEn":"Assistant / graduate engineer"},{"titleZh":"電子工程師","titleEn":"Electronic engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior engineer"},{"titleZh":"首席工程師／技術經理","titleEn":"Principal engineer / engineering manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-electronic-engineer-1","careers-electronic-engineer-2","careers-electronic-engineer-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"energy-auditor","titleZh":"能源審核員","titleEn":"Energy auditor","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","emerging":true,"ledeZh":"能源審核員為樓宇量度能耗、找出浪費環節、建議節能措施並計算回本期。《建築物能源效益條例》設立註冊能源效益評核人，負責認證屋宇裝備符合能源效益守則，並為商業樓宇簽發能源審核表格。","ledeEn":"Energy auditors measure a building's energy use, identify waste, recommend efficiency measures and work out payback. Under the Buildings Energy Efficiency Ordinance, a Registered Energy Assessor certifies that building services meet the energy code and issues the energy audit form for commercial buildings.","bodyZh":"香港的樓宇能源審核有明確的法定框架。《建築物能源效益條例》（第610章）於2012年9月21日全面實施，規管空調、電力、升降機及自動梯、照明等屋宇裝備的能源效益與能源審核。條例設立「註冊能源效益評核人」（REA）這個角色，協助發展商、業主或負責人符合規定；評核人須在機電工程署註冊，紀錄冊公開供查閱。\n\nREA的法定職能主要有三項：就新建樓宇，認證發展商有關屋宇裝備設計符合《建築物能源效益守則》的聲明，以申請遵行規定證明書；就現有樓宇的主要裝修工程，認證相關屋宇裝備符合守則並發出遵行規定表格；就商業樓宇或綜合用途樓宇的商業部分，進行能源審核並就中央屋宇裝備簽發能源審核表格。按條例，商業建築物及綜合用途樓宇的商業部分須每隔不多於10年進行一次能源審核；由2026年9月20日起，須審核的樓宇類別由2類增至11類，周期縮短至5年，並須於報告中發布若干技術資料。\n\n入行方面，申請REA須先具備相關專業身分。按機電工程署的說明，申請人可為《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）下電機、機械、環境、屋宇裝備或能源界別的註冊專業工程師，並有最少2年與樓宇能源效益相關的畢業後經驗；或為香港工程師學會上述界別的正會員，並有最少3年相關經驗；或為香港合資格環保專業人員學會的專業會員，並有最少3年相關經驗。註冊有效期10年，須每10年續期。條例亦對評核人設有紀律機制。能源審核員一般受僱於工程顧問行、能源服務公司、設施管理或公用事業機構，工作結合現場量度、數據分析與節能方案建議。","bodyEn":"Building energy auditing in Hong Kong has a clear statutory framework. The Buildings Energy Efficiency Ordinance (Cap. 610) came fully into effect on 21 September 2012, regulating the energy efficiency and energy audit of building services such as air-conditioning, electrical, lift and escalator, and lighting installations. The Ordinance created the role of the Registered Energy Assessor (REA) to help developers, owners or responsible persons comply; assessors must be registered with the EMSD and appear on a public register.\n\nAn REA has three main statutory functions: for new buildings, certifying a developer's declaration that the building services design complies with the Building Energy Code so as to apply for a Certificate of Compliance Registration; for major retrofitting works in existing buildings, certifying that the relevant building services comply with the code and issuing a Form of Compliance; and for commercial buildings or the commercial portion of composite buildings, conducting an energy audit and issuing an energy audit form for the central building services. Under the Ordinance, commercial buildings and the commercial portion of composite buildings must undergo an energy audit at intervals of not more than 10 years; from 20 September 2026, the classes requiring audits expand from two to eleven, the cycle shortens to five years, and certain technical information must be published in the report.\n\nTo register, an applicant needs a relevant professional standing. Per EMSD, an applicant may be a Registered Professional Engineer under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409) in the electrical, mechanical, environmental, building services or energy discipline with at least two years of post-qualification experience in building energy efficiency; or a corporate Member of the HKIE in those disciplines with at least three years of such experience; or a professional member of the Hong Kong Institute of Qualified Environmental Professionals with at least three years of such experience. Registration lasts ten years and must be renewed every ten years, and the Ordinance provides a disciplinary mechanism. Energy auditors generally work for consulting firms, energy service companies, facilities management or utilities, combining site measurement, data analysis and efficiency recommendations.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊能源效益評核人的資格","titleEn":"Qualification to be a Registered Energy Assessor","bodyZh":"申請成為註冊能源效益評核人，須先具備機電工程署認可的專業身分。其中一條路是《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）下電機、機械、環境、屋宇裝備或能源界別的註冊專業工程師，並有最少2年與樓宇能源效益相關的畢業後經驗；另一條是香港工程師學會上述界別的正會員，並有最少3年相關經驗；也可為香港合資格環保專業人員學會的專業會員，同樣須有最少3年相關經驗。註冊有效期10年，條例另設紀律機制。","bodyEn":"To become a Registered Energy Assessor, an applicant must first hold a professional standing accepted by the EMSD. One route is being a Registered Professional Engineer under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409) in the electrical, mechanical, environmental, building services or energy discipline with at least two years of post-qualification experience in building energy efficiency; another is being a corporate Member of the HKIE in those disciplines with at least three years of relevant experience; a third is being a professional member of the Hong Kong Institute of Qualified Environmental Professionals, also with at least three years of relevant experience. Registration lasts ten years and a disciplinary mechanism applies."},{"titleZh":"條例下的能源審核要求","titleEn":"Energy audit requirements under the Ordinance","bodyZh":"《建築物能源效益條例》規定，指定類別的樓宇須每隔不多於10年進行一次能源審核。現時須審核的包括商業建築物及綜合用途樓宇的商業部分；由2026年9月20日起，須審核的類別增至11類，涵蓋教育、社區服務、市政、醫療、政府樓宇、機場客運大樓、鐵路車站及數據中心等，審核周期縮短至5年，並須在完成審核後的報告中發布若干技術資料。評核人須按《能源審核守則》進行工作並簽署相關表格。","bodyEn":"The Buildings Energy Efficiency Ordinance requires prescribed classes of buildings to undergo an energy audit at intervals of not more than 10 years. Currently this covers commercial buildings and the commercial portion of composite buildings; from 20 September 2026 the audited classes rise to eleven, covering education, community services, municipal, medical, government buildings, airport passenger terminals, railway stations and data centres, with the cycle shortened to five years and certain technical information to be published in the report after completion. Assessors work to the Code of Practice for Energy Audits and sign the relevant forms."},{"titleZh":"行業實況與工作性質","titleEn":"Industry reality and the nature of the work","bodyZh":"能源審核員的工作結合現場與數據：先收集樓宇的能耗帳單、設備清單與運行時間，再實地量度與檢查空調、照明、升降機等系統，找出浪費環節，然後建議節能措施及估算回本期，最後在措施落實後核實效益。從業員多受僱於工程顧問行、能源服務公司、物業與設施管理及公用事業機構。由於條例擴大了須審核的樓宇類別，市場對合資格評核人的需求預料會增加。","bodyEn":"Energy auditors combine fieldwork with data. They collect a building's energy bills, equipment lists and operating hours, then measure and inspect systems such as air-conditioning, lighting and lifts on site, identify waste, recommend efficiency measures with estimated payback, and verify savings after implementation. Practitioners mostly work for consulting firms, energy service companies, property and facilities management, and utilities. Because measured data cannot replace on-site inspection, field visits are required. As the Ordinance widens the classes of buildings requiring audits, demand for qualified assessors is expected to rise."}],"payBasisZh":"能源審核員的薪酬由僱主決定，沒有統一法定薪級；受僱於顧問行、能源服務公司、物業管理或公用事業機構者，待遇按市場行情與公司制度釐定。註冊能源效益評核人屬法定註冊身分，但不附帶官方薪酬，評核工作的收費由市場與合約議定。本站不寫任何薪酬金額。","payBasisEn":"Energy auditors' pay is set by the employer with no unified statutory scale; those employed by consulting firms, energy service companies, property management or utilities are paid by market rates and company policy. Registered Energy Assessor is a statutory registration but carries no official remuneration, and fees for assessment work are agreed by the market and contract. No pay figures are stated here.","entryZh":["《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）下電機、機械、環境、屋宇裝備或能源界別的註冊專業工程師，並有最少2年樓宇能源效益相關畢業後經驗；或","香港工程師學會上述界別正會員，並有最少3年相關經驗；或","香港合資格環保專業人員學會專業會員，並有最少3年相關經驗","須向機電工程署申請註冊為註冊能源效益評核人，註冊有效期10年並須續期","按《建築物能源效益條例》及《能源審核守則》履行認證與審核職能"],"entryEn":["A Registered Professional Engineer under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409) in the electrical, mechanical, environmental, building services or energy discipline, with at least two years of post-qualification building energy efficiency experience; or","A corporate Member of the HKIE in those disciplines with at least three years of relevant experience; or","A professional member of the Hong Kong Institute of Qualified Environmental Professionals with at least three years of relevant experience","Apply to the EMSD for registration as a Registered Energy Assessor; registration lasts ten years and must be renewed","Carry out certification and audit functions under the Buildings Energy Efficiency Ordinance and the Code of Practice for Energy Audits"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"工程師轉任評核人","titleEn":"From engineer to assessor","stepsZh":["取得認可工程學位並成為相關界別的註冊專業工程師或學會正會員","累積2至3年與樓宇能源效益相關的畢業後經驗","向機電工程署申請註冊為註冊能源效益評核人","依《能源審核守則》為樓宇進行審核並簽發相關表格"],"stepsEn":["Obtain an accredited engineering degree and become an RPE or HKIE corporate Member in a relevant discipline","Build two to three years of post-qualification experience in building energy efficiency","Apply to the EMSD for registration as a Registered Energy Assessor","Conduct audits and sign relevant forms under the Code of Practice for Energy Audits"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"能源工程師／助理評核人","titleEn":"Energy engineer / assistant assessor"},{"titleZh":"註冊能源效益評核人","titleEn":"Registered Energy Assessor"},{"titleZh":"高級能源顧問","titleEn":"Senior energy consultant"},{"titleZh":"能源服務經理／主管","titleEn":"Energy services manager / head"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"能源工程師／助理評核人","titleEn":"Energy engineer / assistant assessor"},{"titleZh":"註冊能源效益評核人","titleEn":"Registered Energy Assessor"},{"titleZh":"高級能源顧問","titleEn":"Senior energy consultant"},{"titleZh":"能源服務經理／主管","titleEn":"Energy services manager / head"}],"sourceIds":["careers-energy-auditor-1","careers-energy-auditor-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"environmental-engineer","titleZh":"環境工程師","titleEn":"Environmental engineer","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"環境工程師設計污水處理、廢氣控制與廢物處理設施，並為環境影響評估提供技術分析。相關項目受《環境影響評估條例》規管，專業工程師身分經香港工程師學會評審後按《工程師註冊條例》註冊。","ledeEn":"Environmental engineers design sewage treatment, air pollution control and waste treatment facilities and provide technical analysis for environmental impact assessments. Such projects fall under the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance, and professional engineer status comes through HKIE assessment and registration under the Engineers Registration Ordinance.","bodyZh":"環境工程師的專業範圍橫跨水、空氣、廢物與噪音。常見工作包括設計污水處理廠與排水系統、廢氣洗滌與除塵設備、堆填與廢物處理設施，進行排放監測與改善工程，以及為工程項目做環境影響評估的技術分析。近年減碳與資源循環亦成為工作的一部分，涉及能源效益、碳排放審計與廢物回收系統。\n\n在香港，這類工程受多條法例規管。《環境影響評估條例》（第499章）為指定工程項目設立環境影響評估程序，並提供公眾參與的諮詢階段；環境保護署的《環境影響評估程序的技術備忘錄》載明項目簡介、研究概要與環評報告的技術內容、程序與準則。除環評外，空氣污染管制、廢物處置、水污染管制、噪音管制等亦各有許可證與牌照制度。環境工程師在項目中往往要同時處理技術設計與合規要求。\n\n專業身分方面，香港工程師學會設有環境分部，其會員須取得認可或同等工程學位、接受足夠訓練、累積負責的實務經驗，並通過學會的專業評審；再依《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）向工程師註冊管理局申請成為註冊專業工程師，通常須在港取得一年相關專業經驗並通常居於香港。從業員多任職於環境保護署等政府部門、工程顧問行、承建商、公用事業與環保科技公司。要留意，環評與許可證的批核權在政府，持學位或註冊身分並不保證項目一定獲批。","bodyEn":"Environmental engineering spans water, air, waste and noise. Common work includes designing sewage treatment plants and drainage systems, air scrubbing and dust removal equipment, landfill and waste treatment facilities, monitoring emissions and carrying out improvement works, and providing technical analysis for the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of projects. In recent years decarbonisation and resource circulation have also become part of the job, involving energy efficiency, carbon audits and recycling systems.\n\nIn Hong Kong this work is governed by several ordinances. The Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (Cap. 499) sets up an EIA process for designated projects with public consultation stages, and the Environmental Protection Department's Technical Memorandum on the EIA Process sets out the technical content, procedures and criteria for project profiles, study briefs and EIA reports. Besides the EIA, air pollution control, waste disposal, water pollution control and noise control each have their own permits and licensing regimes. Environmental engineers often deal with technical design and compliance requirements at the same time.\n\nOn professional standing, the HKIE runs an Environmental Division, and its Members must hold an accredited or equivalent engineering degree, receive adequate training, build responsible experience and pass the Professional Assessment; they may then apply to the Engineers Registration Board as a Registered Professional Engineer under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409), generally requiring one year of relevant post-qualification experience in Hong Kong and ordinary residence. Practitioners mostly work for government departments such as the EPD, consulting firms, contractors, utilities and environmental technology companies. Note that approval of EIAs and permits rests with the government; a degree or registration does not guarantee approval.","sections":[{"titleZh":"專業註冊路徑","titleEn":"Professional registration route","bodyZh":"環境工程師的專業身分與其他工程界別一致。香港工程師學會設有環境分部，會員學歷須為認可或同等工程學位，並經訓練、實務經驗及學會專業評審；取得學會正會員或資深會員資格後，可依《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師，通常須在港取得一年相關專業經驗並通常居於香港。此外，香港合資格環保專業人員學會亦為環保專業提供專業會員資歷。","bodyEn":"An environmental engineer's professional standing matches other engineering disciplines. The HKIE runs an Environmental Division, with membership requiring an accredited or equivalent engineering degree plus training, practical experience and the Professional Assessment; once a corporate Member or Fellow, a person may register with the Engineers Registration Board as an RPE under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409), generally needing one year of relevant post-qualification experience in Hong Kong and ordinary residence. The Hong Kong Institute of Qualified Environmental Professionals also offers professional membership for environmental practitioners."},{"titleZh":"環評與法定許可","titleEn":"Environmental assessment and statutory permits","bodyZh":"《環境影響評估條例》（第499章）為指定工程項目設立環評程序，設有兩個公眾參與的諮詢階段，項目倡議者須向環境保護署申請環評研究概要或批准直接申請環境許可證。環保署的技術備忘錄載明項目簡介、研究概要及環評報告的技術要求與準則，並設定評估的原則、程序、指引及標準。空氣污染管制、廢物處置、水污染管制、噪音管制及傾物入海等範疇另有各自的許可證與牌照。","bodyEn":"The Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (Cap. 499) sets up the EIA process for designated projects with two public consultation stages, and proponents must apply to the EPD for an EIA study brief or approval to apply directly for an environmental permit. The EPD's Technical Memorandum sets out the technical requirements and criteria for project profiles, study briefs and EIA reports and lays down the principles, procedures, guidelines and standards of assessment. Air pollution control, waste disposal, water pollution control, noise control and dumping at sea each have their own permits and licences."},{"titleZh":"行業實況與工作去向","titleEn":"Industry reality and destinations","bodyZh":"環境工程師多任職於環境保護署等政府部門、工程顧問行、環保工程承建商、公用事業及環保科技公司，工作涵蓋設施設計、環評技術分析、排放監測、合規審核與改善工程。工程項目往往涉及多個政府部門與持份者，除了技術能力，協調、文件撰寫與對法規的掌握同樣重要。隨着減碳與資源循環政策推進，碳排放與能源相關的工種亦在增加。","bodyEn":"Environmental engineers mostly work for government departments such as the EPD, consulting firms, environmental engineering contractors, utilities and environmental technology companies, covering facility design, EIA technical analysis, emissions monitoring, compliance review and improvement works. Projects often involve multiple government departments and stakeholders, so coordination, documentation and a firm grasp of regulations matter as much as technical ability. As decarbonisation and circular-resource policies advance, carbon and energy-related roles are growing, and engineers increasingly work on climate adaptation and waste-reduction projects for public bodies and private developers."}],"payBasisZh":"環境工程師的薪酬由僱主決定，並無統一法定薪級。政府部門按公務員或部門薪級表，私人顧問行、承建商與公用事業則按市場行情及公司制度釐定。註冊專業工程師身分不附帶官方薪酬。本站不列任何薪酬金額。","payBasisEn":"Environmental engineers' pay is set by the employer with no unified statutory scale. Government departments use civil service or departmental pay scales, while private consultancies, contractors and utilities set pay by market rates and company policy. RPE status carries no official remuneration. No pay figures are listed here.","entryZh":["認可或同等工程學學位（HKIE環境分部會員學歷要求）","接受足夠訓練並累積負責的實務經驗，通過HKIE專業評審","按《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）向工程師註冊管理局申請RPE，通常須在港取得一年相關專業經驗並通常居於香港","熟悉《環境影響評估條例》及相關許可證與牌照制度","具備設施設計、環評技術分析與排放監測的實務能力"],"entryEn":["An accredited or equivalent engineering degree (HKIE Environmental Division membership requirement)","Adequate training and responsible experience, then passing the HKIE Professional Assessment","Apply to the Engineers Registration Board as an RPE under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409), generally needing one year of relevant post-qualification experience in Hong Kong and ordinary residence","Familiarity with the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance and related permit and licensing regimes","Practical ability in facility design, EIA technical analysis and emissions monitoring"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"專業工程師路線","titleEn":"Professional engineer route","stepsZh":["取得認可或同等工程學學位（如土木、化學或環境工程）","成為HKIE畢業會員並完成實務訓練，累積環保工程經驗","通過HKIE專業評審，取得會員（MHKIE）資格","依《工程師註冊條例》向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師"],"stepsEn":["Obtain an accredited or equivalent engineering degree (e.g. civil, chemical or environmental)","Become an HKIE Graduate Member, complete practical training and build environmental engineering experience","Pass the HKIE Professional Assessment to become a corporate Member (MHKIE)","Register with the Engineers Registration Board as an RPE under the Engineers Registration Ordinance"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"助理／畢業工程師","titleEn":"Assistant / graduate engineer"},{"titleZh":"環境工程師","titleEn":"Environmental engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級環境工程師","titleEn":"Senior environmental engineer"},{"titleZh":"首席工程師／環保項目經理","titleEn":"Principal engineer / environmental project manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"助理／畢業工程師","titleEn":"Assistant / graduate engineer"},{"titleZh":"環境工程師","titleEn":"Environmental engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級環境工程師","titleEn":"Senior environmental engineer"},{"titleZh":"首席工程師／環保項目經理","titleEn":"Principal engineer / environmental project manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-environmental-engineer-1","careers-environmental-engineer-2","careers-environmental-engineer-3","careers-environmental-engineer-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"ev-technician","titleZh":"電動車維修技師","titleEn":"Electric vehicle technician","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","emerging":true,"ledeZh":"電動車維修技師維修電池組、充電口、逆變器與電機等高壓系統，工作須遵守高壓斷電程序與個人防護要求。機電工程署的車輛維修自願註冊計劃增設電動車維修服務範圍，技工須完成認可課程方可加註。","ledeEn":"Electric vehicle technicians repair high-voltage systems such as battery packs, charging ports, inverters and motors, following isolation procedures and personal protection rules. The EMSD's voluntary vehicle mechanic registration scheme adds EV service scopes, and technicians must complete approved courses to be endorsed.","bodyZh":"電動車維修與傳統汽油車維修最大的分別，在於涉及高壓系統。電動車的電池組電壓遠高於一般汽車電路，維修人員必須先執行斷電與驗電程序，佩戴合適的個人防護裝備，並使用絕緣工具，工作才可安全進行。除了機械部分，技師亦要理解電池管理系統、逆變器、充電設備與電機控制，並能以診斷儀器讀取高壓系統數據。\n\n香港目前由機電工程署推行「車輛維修技工自願註冊計劃」（VRSVM）。原本計劃只適用於內燃機車輛維修，其後為電動車增設三項服務範圍：電動車（基礎）、電動車（低電壓）與電動車（高電壓）。已在計劃下註冊的車輛維修技工，可完成相應的認可課程後，把適用的電動車服務範圍加入其註冊服務類別；製造商或其本地授權代表亦可推薦有能力處理低壓或高壓工作的註冊技工申請加註。\n\n培訓方面，車輛維修技術諮詢委員會已暫准由四間培訓機構開辦八個電動車維修課程，包括職業訓練局、職業安全健康局、九巴學院及一間廣州院校，涵蓋基礎、低電壓與高電壓維修。其中高電壓維修課程適合已完成低電壓課程的從業員。職業訓練局表示，其持續專業進修課程是全港唯一同時開辦低電壓及高電壓課程的機構。隨着電動車數目上升，掌握高壓維修資格的技師在市場上愈見搶手。","bodyEn":"The biggest difference between EV maintenance and conventional petrol-car repair is the involvement of high-voltage systems. An EV battery pack operates at far higher voltages than ordinary automotive circuits, so technicians must first carry out isolation and voltage-verification procedures, wear suitable personal protective equipment and use insulated tools before work is safe. Besides mechanical work, they need to understand battery management systems, inverters, charging equipment and motor control, and to read high-voltage data with diagnostic tools.\n\nIn Hong Kong the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department runs the Voluntary Registration Scheme for Vehicle Mechanics (VRSVM). Originally applying only to internal combustion engine vehicle maintenance, the scheme later added three EV service scopes: Electric Vehicle (Elementary), Electric Vehicle (Low Voltage) and Electric Vehicle (High Voltage). Vehicle mechanics already registered under the scheme may, after completing the corresponding recognised course, add the applicable EV service scope to their registered service class; manufacturers or their local authorised representatives may also recommend registered mechanics capable of low-voltage or high-voltage work to apply for endorsement.\n\nOn training, the Vehicle Maintenance Trade Advisory Committee has provisionally approved eight EV maintenance courses run by four training institutes, including the Vocational Training Council, the Occupational Safety and Health Council, KMB Academy and a Guangzhou institution, covering elementary, low-voltage and high-voltage maintenance. The high-voltage course suits practitioners who have completed the low-voltage course. The VTC states that its continuing professional development programmes are the only ones in Hong Kong offering both low-voltage and high-voltage courses. As EV numbers grow, technicians qualified in high-voltage work are increasingly sought after.","sections":[{"titleZh":"自願註冊與電動車服務範圍","titleEn":"Voluntary registration and EV service scopes","bodyZh":"機電工程署推行車輛維修技工自願註冊計劃，原意是為內燃機車輛維修技工提供自願註冊。因應電動車普及，計劃增設三項電動車維修服務範圍：電動車（基礎）、電動車（低電壓）與電動車（高電壓），各有代碼。已在計劃下註冊的技工，可在完成相應認可課程後，把適用的電動車服務範圍加入其註冊服務類別；原有的內燃機車輛註冊類別不受影響。","bodyEn":"The EMSD's Voluntary Registration Scheme for Vehicle Mechanics was originally a voluntary registration for internal combustion engine vehicle mechanics. With EVs spreading, the scheme added three EV maintenance service scopes: Electric Vehicle (Elementary), Electric Vehicle (Low Voltage) and Electric Vehicle (High Voltage), each with a code. Mechanics already registered may, after completing the corresponding recognised course, add the applicable EV scope to their registered service class, while their existing internal combustion engine class is unaffected. The scheme is voluntary rather than a statutory licence."},{"titleZh":"認可的電動車維修課程","titleEn":"Approved EV maintenance courses","bodyZh":"車輛維修技術諮詢委員會已暫准由四間機構開辦八個電動車維修課程，包括職業訓練局、職業安全健康局、九巴學院，以及一間廣州院校，內容分基礎、低電壓與高電壓三類。一般而言，高電壓維修課程適合已完成低電壓課程的從業員，逐步建立處理高壓系統的能力。職業訓練局的持續專業進修課程更同時提供低電壓及高電壓維修訓練。","bodyEn":"The Vehicle Maintenance Trade Advisory Committee has provisionally approved eight EV maintenance courses from four institutes, including the Vocational Training Council, the Occupational Safety and Health Council, KMB Academy and a Guangzhou institution, covering elementary, low-voltage and high-voltage levels. Generally the high-voltage course suits practitioners who have completed the low-voltage course, gradually building the ability to handle high-voltage systems. The VTC's continuing professional development programmes offer both low-voltage and high-voltage training. Taking an approved course is the usual way for an existing mechanic to add an EV scope."},{"titleZh":"高壓安全與行業認可","titleEn":"High-voltage safety and industry recognition","bodyZh":"電動車維修的核心風險來自高壓。技師必須嚴格遵守斷電、驗電與復電程序，使用合適的個人防護裝備與絕緣工具，並在維修前確認系統已隔離。除安全程序外，技師亦要掌握電池管理、充電與電機控制系統的診斷。行業上，技工可透過註冊計劃加註電動車服務範圍，並經認可培訓與資歷認可機制取得相關資歷證明，以顯示其處理電動車維修的能力。","bodyEn":"The core risk in EV maintenance is high voltage. Technicians must strictly follow isolation, voltage-verification and re-energisation procedures, use suitable personal protective equipment and insulated tools, and confirm the system is isolated before starting work. Beyond safety procedures, they must also master diagnosis of battery management, charging and motor control systems. In the trade, mechanics can add EV service scopes through the registration scheme and obtain related statements of attainment through approved training and recognition mechanisms to show their ability to handle EV repairs."}],"payBasisZh":"電動車維修技師的薪酬由僱主決定，沒有統一法定薪級；維修工場、品牌授權服務中心或車隊維修部門各有自己的待遇制度，加註電動車服務範圍後的待遇亦由僱主與僱員議定。註冊計劃本身不設官方薪酬。本站不寫任何薪酬金額。","payBasisEn":"EV technicians' pay is set by the employer with no unified statutory scale; workshops, authorised brand service centres and fleet maintenance units each have their own terms, and pay after adding EV service scopes is agreed between employer and employee. The registration scheme itself sets no official remuneration. No pay figures are stated here.","entryZh":["一般具備汽車維修基礎，並在車輛維修自願註冊計劃下註冊為車輛維修技工者可申請加註電動車服務範圍","完成車輛維修技術諮詢委員會認可的電動車維修課程（基礎、低電壓或高電壓）","高電壓維修課程一般適合已完成低電壓維修課程的從業員","製造商或其本地授權代表可推薦有能力處理低壓或高壓工作的註冊技工申請加註","工作須遵守高壓斷電、驗電及復電程序，並使用合適的個人防護裝備"],"entryEn":["Usually a vehicle maintenance background and registration as a vehicle mechanic under the Voluntary Registration Scheme, allowing application to add an EV service scope","Completion of an EV maintenance course (elementary, low-voltage or high-voltage) approved by the Vehicle Maintenance Trade Advisory Committee","The high-voltage course generally suits practitioners who have completed the low-voltage course","Manufacturers or their local authorised representatives may recommend registered mechanics capable of low- or high-voltage work to apply for endorsement","Work must follow high-voltage isolation, verification and re-energisation procedures with suitable personal protective equipment"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"註冊技工加註電動車服務範圍","titleEn":"Registered mechanic adding an EV service scope","stepsZh":["在車輛維修自願註冊計劃下註冊為車輛維修技工","報讀並完成認可的電動車維修課程（先低電壓、後高電壓）","向車輛維修註冊組申請把電動車服務範圍加入註冊服務類別","在工場內按高壓安全程序執行電動車維修工作"],"stepsEn":["Register as a vehicle mechanic under the Voluntary Registration Scheme","Take and complete recognised EV maintenance courses (low-voltage first, then high-voltage)","Apply to the Vehicle Maintenance Registration Unit to add the EV service scope to the registered class","Carry out EV maintenance in the workshop following high-voltage safety procedures"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"車輛維修學徒／技工","titleEn":"Vehicle maintenance apprentice / mechanic"},{"titleZh":"註冊車輛維修技工（加註電動車低電壓）","titleEn":"Registered vehicle mechanic (with EV low-voltage scope)"},{"titleZh":"註冊車輛維修技工（加註電動車高電壓）","titleEn":"Registered vehicle mechanic (with EV high-voltage scope)"},{"titleZh":"電動車維修主管／技術導師","titleEn":"EV maintenance supervisor / technical instructor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"車輛維修學徒／技工","titleEn":"Vehicle maintenance apprentice / mechanic"},{"titleZh":"註冊車輛維修技工（加註電動車低電壓）","titleEn":"Registered vehicle mechanic (with EV low-voltage scope)"},{"titleZh":"註冊車輛維修技工（加註電動車高電壓）","titleEn":"Registered vehicle mechanic (with EV high-voltage scope)"},{"titleZh":"電動車維修主管／技術導師","titleEn":"EV maintenance supervisor / technical instructor"}],"sourceIds":["careers-ev-technician-1","careers-ev-technician-2","careers-ev-technician-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"farmer","titleZh":"農夫","titleEn":"Farmer","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","ledeZh":"農夫在香港種植蔬菜、花卉或果樹，應付天氣、蟲害與銷售安排。香港沒有單一的「農夫牌照」，但在私人農地上興建農業構築物須獲地政總署批准，加入信譽農場計劃的產品則須經蔬菜統營處批銷。","ledeEn":"Farmers grow vegetables, flowers or fruit and cope with weather, pests and sales. There is no single 'farmer licence', but building agricultural structures on private farmland needs Lands Department approval, and Accredited Farm Scheme produce must be wholesaled through the Vegetable Marketing Organization.","bodyZh":"香港農業規模細而集約。按漁農自然護理署公布，全港目前約有2,500個農場，直接僱用約4,300名農民及工人；市郊種植以葉菜及高價值切花為主。要正式務農並不需領取單一的「農夫牌照」，但土地用途與構築物受規管：在契約私人農地上興建溫室、禽畜舍、魚塘、儲物室等農業構築物，須向地政總署申請農業構築物批准書，動工前亦須就建築、平整及排水工程取得豁免證明書；漁護署會代地政總署接收相關申請並作初步處理。\n\n銷售與品質管理是行內另一關卡。漁護署與蔬菜統營處合辦「信譽農場計劃」，會先評估農場管理、園藝操作、農藥使用及農藥殘餘測試結果，通過後才授予認證；信譽農場的產品須經蔬菜統營處批銷，並以特別標記的籮咭作識認，方便市民識別。有機耕作方面，漁護署與蔬菜統營處、蔬菜產銷合作社合力為有機農戶提供技術與銷售支援，並推動由獨立機構進行有機認證。\n\n行業實況方面，本地農業產值有限，本地蔬菜只佔市民鮮菜消費的一小部分，因此農夫既要應付天氣、蟲害與病害，也要處理銷售渠道與成本壓力。政府透過可持續農業發展基金等渠道，支持有助提升生產力與競爭力的實用項目及研究，並推廣採用新耕作方法。想入行者一般從承租農地、學習耕作技術與建立銷售網絡着手，不少人先參與漁護署或相關機構的訓練與實習。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong's farming sector is small and intensive. According to the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD), there are currently about 2,500 farms employing directly about 4,300 farmers and workers, with leafy vegetables and high-value cut flowers dominating. There is no single 'farmer licence' to begin farming, but land use and structures are regulated: building agricultural structures such as greenhouses, livestock sheds, fish ponds and store rooms on leasehold private agricultural land requires a Letter of Approval for Agricultural Structures from the Lands Department, and Certificates of Exemption for building, site formation and drainage works must be obtained before work starts. The AFCD receives and preliminarily processes these applications on the Lands Department's behalf.\n\nMarketing and quality management are another hurdle. The AFCD and the Vegetable Marketing Organization (VMO) jointly run the Accredited Farm Scheme, which assesses farm management, horticultural practice, pesticide use and pesticide residue test results before granting accreditation; accredited produce must be wholesaled through the VMO and is identified by specially marked basket cards. For organic farming, the AFCD works with the VMO and the Federation of Vegetable Marketing Co-operative Societies to give technical and marketing support to organic farmers and to promote independent organic certification.\n\nIn practice, local agricultural output is limited, and local vegetables account for only a small share of fresh vegetable consumption, so farmers must handle weather, pests and disease as well as sales channels and cost pressure. Through channels such as the Sustainable Agricultural Development Fund, the government supports practical, application-oriented projects and research that raise productivity and competitiveness, and promotes new production methods. Those entering the trade typically start by renting farmland, learning cultivation techniques and building sales networks, and many begin with training or placements run by the AFCD or related bodies.","sections":[{"titleZh":"入行與農地規定","titleEn":"Entering the trade and farmland rules","bodyZh":"香港沒有單一的農夫牌照，務農不是憑一紙證書便可開始。關鍵在於土地與構築物：在契約私人農地上興建溫室、禽畜舍、魚塘或儲物室等農業構築物，須向地政總署申請農業構築物批准書，並在動工前就建築、平整及排水工程取得豁免證明書。漁護署會代地政總署接收農業構築物批准書及豁免證明書的申請並同步作初步處理，再交由地政總署考慮。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no single farmer licence, and farming does not begin with a single certificate. The key lies in land and structures: building agricultural structures such as greenhouses, livestock sheds, fish ponds or store rooms on leasehold private agricultural land requires a Letter of Approval for Agricultural Structures from the Lands Department, plus Certificates of Exemption for building, site formation and drainage works before work starts. The AFCD receives the applications for the Letter of Approval and Certificates of Exemption on the Lands Department's behalf and processes them concurrently before the Lands Department considers them."},{"titleZh":"信譽農場與有機耕作","titleEn":"Accredited farms and organic farming","bodyZh":"為提升蔬菜品質與市場識別度，漁護署與蔬菜統營處合辦信譽農場計劃。申請時，漁護署會評估農場管理、園藝操作、農藥使用及農藥殘餘測試結果，滿意才授予認證。信譽農場的產品須經蔬菜統營處批銷，並以印有特別標記的籮咭（沽貨單）作識認。有機耕作方面，農戶可獲漁護署、蔬菜統營處及蔬菜產銷合作社的技術與銷售支援，並可接受獨立機構的有機認證。","bodyEn":"To raise vegetable quality and market recognition, the AFCD and the VMO jointly run the Accredited Farm Scheme. On application, the AFCD assesses farm management, horticultural practice, pesticide use and pesticide residue test results before granting accreditation. Accredited produce must be wholesaled through the VMO and is identified by specially marked basket cards. For organic farming, farmers can get technical and marketing support from the AFCD, the VMO and the Federation of Vegetable Marketing Co-operative Societies, and may obtain independent organic certification."},{"titleZh":"市場實況與支援","titleEn":"Market reality and support","bodyZh":"本地農業產值有限，本地蔬菜只佔市民鮮菜消費的一小部分，農夫因此既面對天氣、蟲害與病害的生產風險，也要處理銷售渠道與成本壓力。政府透過可持續農業發展基金等渠道，支持有助提升生產力與競爭力的實用項目、技術轉移及研究。有意入行者一般先承租農地，學習耕作技術，並逐步建立銷售與合作網絡；不少人先參與漁護署或相關機構的訓練、實習與交流活動。","bodyEn":"Local agricultural output is limited and local vegetables account for only a small share of fresh vegetable consumption, so farmers face production risks from weather, pests and disease as well as sales-channel and cost pressure. Through channels such as the Sustainable Agricultural Development Fund, the government supports practical projects, technology transfer and research that raise productivity and competitiveness. Those entering usually rent farmland first, learn cultivation techniques and gradually build sales and co-operative networks, often starting with training, placements and exchange activities run by the AFCD or related bodies."}],"payBasisZh":"農夫的收入取決於作物收成與銷售，並沒有官方薪級或法定薪酬。本地農產品多經蔬菜統營處批銷或自行開拓零售渠道，收支由市場價格、產量與成本決定；受僱於農場的農業工人則由僱主與僱員議定待遇。本站不估算任何收入或薪酬數字。","payBasisEn":"A farmer's income depends on harvest and sales, with no official pay scale or statutory wage. Local produce is mostly wholesaled through the Vegetable Marketing Organization or sold through self-developed retail channels, and the balance is decided by market prices, yield and costs; farm workers employed by a farm settle terms with the employer. No income or pay figures are estimated here.","entryZh":["香港沒有單一的農夫牌照，入行主要從承租農地及學習耕作技術開始","在契約私人農地上興建農業構築物，須向地政總署申請農業構築物批准書及豁免證明書","加入信譽農場計劃須經漁護署評估農場管理、園藝操作、農藥使用及殘餘測試","信譽農場產品須經蔬菜統營處批銷，並以特別標記的籮咭識認","可參與漁護署及相關機構的訓練、實習與交流，並可申請支援基金"],"entryEn":["There is no single farmer licence; entry usually starts with renting farmland and learning cultivation techniques","Building agricultural structures on leasehold private agricultural land requires a Lands Department Letter of Approval for Agricultural Structures and Certificates of Exemption","Joining the Accredited Farm Scheme requires AFCD assessment of farm management, horticultural practice, pesticide use and residue tests","Accredited produce must be wholesaled through the Vegetable Marketing Organization and marked with special basket cards","Farmers may join training, placements and exchanges run by the AFCD and related bodies, and may apply for support funds"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"承租農地到信譽農場","titleEn":"From renting land to an accredited farm","stepsZh":["承租農地並學習耕作與田間管理技術","如需興建農業構築物，向地政總署申請批准書及豁免證明書","建立銷售渠道，加入信譽農場計劃者須通過漁護署評估","信譽產品經蔬菜統營處批銷，並持續接受品質監控"],"stepsEn":["Rent farmland and learn cultivation and field management techniques","If agricultural structures are needed, apply to the Lands Department for a Letter of Approval and Certificates of Exemption","Build sales channels; those joining the Accredited Farm Scheme must pass AFCD assessment","Wholesale accredited produce through the VMO and keep undergoing quality monitoring"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"農業工人／見習農戶","titleEn":"Farm worker / trainee grower"},{"titleZh":"農夫（自耕或受僱）","titleEn":"Farmer (self-employed or employed)"},{"titleZh":"信譽農場／有機認證農戶","titleEn":"Accredited farm / certified organic grower"},{"titleZh":"農場主管／產銷合作社成員","titleEn":"Farm supervisor / marketing co-operative member"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"農業工人／見習農戶","titleEn":"Farm worker / trainee grower"},{"titleZh":"農夫（自耕或受僱）","titleEn":"Farmer (self-employed or employed)"},{"titleZh":"信譽農場／有機認證農戶","titleEn":"Accredited farm / certified organic grower"},{"titleZh":"農場主管／產銷合作社成員","titleEn":"Farm supervisor / marketing co-operative member"}],"sourceIds":["careers-farmer-1","careers-farmer-2","careers-farmer-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"financial-planner","titleZh":"財務策劃師","titleEn":"Financial planner","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"財務策劃師為客戶整理資產、收入、保險與退休目標並設計財務計劃。香港財務策劃師學會以「4E」（教育、考試、經驗、操守）作為AFP與CFP認證要求；若實際銷售投資或保險產品，另受證監會或保險業監管局發牌制度規管。","ledeEn":"Financial planners map a client's assets, income, insurance and retirement goals and design a financial plan. The Institute of Financial Planners of Hong Kong certifies AFP and CFP planners; selling investment or insurance products is separately licensed by the SFC or Insurance Authority.","bodyZh":"財務策劃的核心是先了解客戶的目標與處境，再整理資產、收入、保險與退休需要，設計一份可執行並定期檢視的財務計劃。香港財務策劃師學會為業界提供兩級專業認證：AFP（認可財務策劃師）與CFP（認可財務策劃師，國際通稱Certified Financial Planner）。學會的資格認證分開學術與實務兩部分，並以「4E」為準則，即教育、考試、經驗與操守。\n\n以AFP為例，申請人須先向學會註冊成為候證人，才可報讀認可院校的教育課程或報名考試。完成要求包括：完成AFP資格認證教育課程、通過CFP資格認證考試（基礎階段）、具備一年合資格工作經驗，以及遵守學會的《專業操守及責任》。教育課程為120小時，基礎階段考試為三小時，約95至100條多項選擇題，試卷以英文及繁體中文雙語形式提供。持有認可學位或某些專業資格者，可按學會的行業資格／專業資格途徑，以自修方式完成教育要求。CFP認證則在AFP之上增加更高階的考試與要求。\n\n要留意的是，財務策劃認證與產品銷售牌照是兩回事。設計財務計劃本身屬專業服務，但一旦實際向客戶銷售投資產品或保險產品，便分別受證券及期貨事務監察委員會的發牌制度及保險業監管局的規管，須取得相應牌照；強積金中介人亦另有註冊安排。因此，財務策劃師的合規責任不只限於學會的操守守則，還取決於其提供的具體服務。從業員多受僱於銀行、保險公司、獨立理財顧問公司或家族辦公室。","bodyEn":"Financial planning begins with understanding a client's goals and circumstances, then mapping assets, income, insurance and retirement needs into an executable plan that is reviewed regularly. The Institute of Financial Planners of Hong Kong (IFPHK) offers two levels of professional certification: AFP (Associate Financial Planner) and CFP (Certified Financial Planner). Certification separates academic and practical elements, guided by the '4E': education, examination, experience and ethics.\n\nTaking AFP as an example, an applicant must first register with the Institute as a candidate before enrolling in an accredited education course or a examination. Requirements are: completing the AFP certification education programme, passing the CFP certification examination (Foundation Level), having one year of qualifying work experience, and adhering to the Institute's Code of Professional Conduct and Responsibility. The education programme is 120 hours, and the Foundation Level examination lasts three hours with about 95 to 100 multiple-choice questions, offered in both English and Traditional Chinese. Holders of a recognised degree or certain professional qualifications may complete the education requirement by self-study under the Institute's industry or professional qualification pathway. CFP builds on AFP with more advanced examinations and requirements.\n\nNote that financial planning certification and product-selling licences are two different things. Designing a financial plan is itself a professional service, but once a person actually sells investment or insurance products, they fall under the licensing regimes of the Securities and Futures Commission and the Insurance Authority respectively and must hold the relevant licence; MPF intermediaries have a separate registration arrangement. A planner's compliance duties therefore go beyond the Institute's ethics code and depend on the specific services provided. Practitioners mostly work for banks, insurers, independent advisory firms or family offices.","sections":[{"titleZh":"AFP與CFP的4E要求","titleEn":"The 4E requirements for AFP and CFP","bodyZh":"香港財務策劃師學會以「4E」作為AFP與CFP資格認證的準則，即教育、考試、經驗與操守。以AFP為例，申請人須完成AFP資格認證教育課程、通過CFP資格認證考試（基礎階段）、具備一年合資格工作經驗，並遵守學會的《專業操守及責任》。教育課程為120小時，基礎階段考試為三小時。CFP則在AFP之上加入更高階的考試與要求，取得CFP認證後會自動提升為CFP持證人。","bodyEn":"The IFPHK uses the '4E' as the criteria for its AFP and CFP certifications: education, examination, experience and ethics. For AFP, an applicant must complete the AFP certification education programme, pass the CFP certification examination (Foundation Level), have one year of qualifying work experience and adhere to the Institute's Code of Professional Conduct and Responsibility. The education programme is 120 hours and the Foundation Level examination lasts three hours. CFP adds more advanced examinations and requirements on top of AFP, and achieving CFP automatically upgrades the holder to a CFP certificant."},{"titleZh":"候證人制度與考試安排","titleEn":"Candidate registration and examination arrangements","bodyZh":"要考取AFP或CFP資格認證，須先向學會註冊成為候證人，才可向認可院校報讀教育課程或報名考試；候證人資格須每年註冊，直至成為持證人為止。基礎階段考試約95至100條多項選擇題，答題時間三小時，試卷以英文及繁體中文雙語提供，若兩者出現差異則以英文版為準。持有認可學位或某些專業資格者，可按行業資格／專業資格途徑以自修方式完成教育要求。","bodyEn":"To pursue AFP or CFP certification, a person must first register with the Institute as a candidate before enrolling in an accredited education course or registering for the examination; candidate status must be renewed annually until certification is obtained. The Foundation Level examination has about 95 to 100 multiple-choice questions with a three-hour duration, offered bilingually in English and Traditional Chinese, with the English version prevailing if the two differ. Holders of a recognised degree or certain professional qualifications may complete the education requirement by self-study under the industry or professional qualification pathway."},{"titleZh":"產品銷售的獨立發牌制度","titleEn":"Separate licensing for selling products","bodyZh":"財務策劃師的認證與銷售產品的牌照是兩套制度。設計財務計劃屬專業服務，但實際銷售投資產品須取得證券及期貨事務監察委員會的牌照，銷售保險產品則受保險業監管局規管，強積金中介人亦另有註冊安排。換言之，即使持有AFP或CFP認證，若未取得相應牌照，仍不得銷售相關產品。從業員須同時符合學會操守守則與所屬發牌制度的規定。","bodyEn":"Financial planner certification and product-selling licences are two separate systems. Designing a financial plan is a professional service, but actually selling investment products requires a Securities and Futures Commission licence, selling insurance products falls under the Insurance Authority, and MPF intermediaries have a separate registration arrangement. In other words, even with AFP or CFP certification, a person may not sell the relevant products without the appropriate licence. Practitioners must meet both the Institute's ethics code and the rules of the relevant licensing regime."}],"payBasisZh":"財務策劃師的薪酬由僱主及業務安排決定，沒有統一法定薪級。受僱於銀行、保險公司或理財顧問公司者，待遇多為底薪加上按業績計算的佣金或獎金，實際組合由僱主制度及銷售安排決定；自僱或獨立顧問則按服務收費或佣金運作。本站不估算任何收入或薪酬數字。","payBasisEn":"Financial planners' pay is set by the employer and the business arrangement, with no unified statutory scale. Those employed by banks, insurers or advisory firms are usually paid a base plus performance-linked commission or bonus, the actual mix decided by company policy and sales arrangements; self-employed or independent advisers operate on fees or commission. No income or pay figures are estimated here.","entryZh":["向香港財務策劃師學會註冊成為候證人，方可報讀教育課程或報名考試","完成AFP資格認證教育課程（120小時），或按行業／專業資格途徑自修","通過CFP資格認證考試（基礎階段），並具備一年合資格工作經驗","遵守學會《專業操守及責任》","若實際銷售投資或保險產品，須另取得證監會或保險業監管局發牌；強積金中介人另有註冊"],"entryEn":["Register with the IFPHK as a candidate before enrolling in an education course or registering for the examination","Complete the AFP certification education programme (120 hours), or self-study under the industry or professional qualification pathway","Pass the CFP certification examination (Foundation Level) and have one year of qualifying work experience","Adhere to the Institute's Code of Professional Conduct and Responsibility","To sell investment or insurance products, separately obtain a licence from the SFC or Insurance Authority; MPF intermediaries have separate registration"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"AFP到CFP認證路線","titleEn":"From AFP to CFP certification","stepsZh":["向香港財務策劃師學會註冊成為候證人","完成認可教育課程或按資格途徑自修教育要求","通過CFP資格認證考試（基礎階段），取得AFP認證","累積合資格工作經驗並通過更高階考試，取得CFP認證"],"stepsEn":["Register with the IFPHK as a candidate","Complete an accredited education course or self-study the education requirement under the qualification pathway","Pass the CFP certification examination (Foundation Level) to obtain AFP certification","Build qualifying work experience and pass higher-level examinations to obtain CFP certification"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"銷售產品的發牌路線","titleEn":"Licensing route for selling products","stepsZh":["確定擬銷售的產品類別（證券投資或保險）","向證券及期貨事務監察委員會或保險業監管局申請相應牌照","符合持牌人的學歷、考試、操守及持續培訓要求","如需處理強積金，另行完成強積金中介人註冊"],"stepsEn":["Identify the product type to be sold (securities investment or insurance)","Apply to the Securities and Futures Commission or the Insurance Authority for the relevant licence","Meet the licence holder's academic, examination, conduct and continuous training requirements","If handling MPF, complete separate MPF intermediary registration"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"理財顧問助理／客戶服務","titleEn":"Financial planning assistant / client service"},{"titleZh":"AFP持證人（認可財務策劃師）","titleEn":"AFP certificant (Associate Financial Planner)"},{"titleZh":"CFP持證人（認可財務策劃師）","titleEn":"CFP certificant (Certified Financial Planner)"},{"titleZh":"高級理財顧問／團隊主管","titleEn":"Senior financial planner / team head"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"理財顧問助理／客戶服務","titleEn":"Financial planning assistant / client service"},{"titleZh":"AFP持證人（認可財務策劃師）","titleEn":"AFP certificant (Associate Financial Planner)"},{"titleZh":"CFP持證人（認可財務策劃師）","titleEn":"CFP certificant (Certified Financial Planner)"},{"titleZh":"高級理財顧問／團隊主管","titleEn":"Senior financial planner / team head"}],"sourceIds":["careers-financial-planner-1","careers-financial-planner-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"fire-service-installation-technician","titleZh":"消防裝置技術員","titleEn":"Fire service installation technician","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"消防裝置技術員安裝與保養花灑、喉轆、警報、滅火筒及防煙門等系統，並在註冊承辦商下進行檢查與測試。消防處推行自願認證計劃，完成必修及選修單元並具備年資者可獲認證；承辦商則按級別受規例規管。","ledeEn":"Fire service installation technicians install and maintain systems such as sprinklers, hose reels, alarms, extinguishers and smoke doors, inspecting and testing them under a registered contractor. The Fire Services Department runs a voluntary recognition scheme for technicians, and contractors are regulated by grade.","bodyZh":"消防裝置技術員是新鮮的專門工種，工作跨越建造業與機電業。他們安裝與保養樓宇的消防裝置及設備，例如花灑、消防栓／喉轆、火警警報與偵測、應急照明、出口指示牌、滅火筒及防煙門等，並進行定期檢查、測試與紀錄。按法例，樓宇內消防裝置或設備的擁有人須保持其時刻在有效操作狀態，並每12個月由註冊承辦商檢查至少一次；註冊承辦商完成工程後，須在14天內向作出指示的人發出證書（FS 251），並把副本送交消防處。\n\n行業的法定框架在承辦商層面。按消防處的分級，消防裝置承辦商分為三級：第一級可安裝、保養、維修、檢查以電力裝置探測煙霧或火警並以聲響示警的消防裝置；第二級可處理輸水或滅火劑管道及不同類型的電力裝置；第三級可保養、維修、檢查滅火筒等手提器具。申請第一、二級註冊須提交公司註冊證明、合資格人士的學歷與僱用證明、工場資料等，並可能須接受會面及工場檢查。第一級的合資格人士須持有由消防處處長接受的電機工程學位；第二級則須持有電機工程文憑或高級證書，並持有《水務條例》下的第一級水喉匠牌照。\n\n在個人層面，消防處自2021年8月起推行的「消防裝置技術員自願認證計劃」是重要的行業認可。有意獲認證的從業員須具備最少五年的消防裝置維修保養工作經驗並得到僱主書面推薦，完成兩個必修課程（單元一、二）及任何一個選修課程（單元三至八），便可獲消防處認證為消防裝置技術員。職業訓練局率先成為計劃首個認可培訓機構。這套認證不涉及修訂法例，但為前線從業員提供清晰的專業台階。","bodyEn":"The fire service installation (FSI) technician is a specialised trade spanning construction and electrical-mechanical work. Technicians install and maintain a building's fire service installations and equipment, such as sprinklers, hydrants and hose reels, fire alarm and detection, emergency lighting, exit signs, fire extinguishers and smoke doors, and carry out periodic inspection, testing and recording. By law, the owner of any fire service installation must keep it in efficient working order and have it inspected by a registered contractor at least once every 12 months; after completing work, a registered contractor must issue a certificate (FS 251) to the person giving the instruction within 14 days and send a copy to the Fire Services Department.\n\nThe statutory framework sits at the contractor level. Under the Fire Services Department's classification, FSI contractors fall into three classes: Class 1 may install, maintain, repair and inspect installations that detect smoke or fire through electrical circuits or apparatus and give an audible alarm; Class 2 may handle pipes carrying water or extinguishing agents and various types of electrical apparatus; Class 3 may maintain, repair and inspect portable equipment such as fire extinguishers. Applications for Class 1 and 2 require proof of company registration, the academic and employment proof of qualified persons, workshop particulars and may involve interviews and workshop inspections. A Class 1 qualified person must hold an electrical engineering degree acceptable to the Director of Fire Services; a Class 2 qualified person must hold an electrical engineering diploma or higher certificate and a Grade I plumbers licence under the Waterworks Ordinance.\n\nFor individuals, the Voluntary Recognition Scheme for FSI Technicians, run by the Fire Services Department since August 2021, is an important industry recognition. A practitioner seeking recognition must have at least five years of FSI maintenance experience and an employer's written recommendation, then complete two compulsory modules (Modules 1 and 2) and any one elective module (Modules 3 to 8) to be recognised as an FSI technician. The VTC became the scheme's first accredited training body. The scheme does not involve amending legislation, but gives frontline practitioners a clear professional step.","sections":[{"titleZh":"法定框架與承辦商分級","titleEn":"Statutory framework and contractor classes","bodyZh":"消防裝置承辦商按消防處規定分為三級。第一級可安裝、保養、維修、檢查利用電路或電力裝置探測煙霧或火警並以聲響示警的消防裝置；第二級可處理輸水或滅火劑管道及不同類型的電力裝置，涵蓋花灑、消防栓／喉轆、應急照明等；第三級可保養、維修、檢查滅火筒等手提器具。樓宇消防裝置擁有人須保持設備在有效操作狀態，並每12個月由註冊承辦商檢查至少一次；承辦商完成工程後14天內須發出FS 251證書。","bodyEn":"FSI contractors are classified by the Fire Services Department into three classes. Class 1 may install, maintain, repair and inspect installations that detect smoke or fire through electrical circuits or apparatus and give an audible alarm; Class 2 may handle pipes carrying water or extinguishing agents and various electrical apparatus, covering sprinklers, hydrants and hose reels, emergency lighting and more; Class 3 may maintain, repair and inspect portable equipment such as fire extinguishers. Owners must keep installations in efficient working order and have them inspected by a registered contractor at least once every 12 months; the contractor must issue an FS 251 certificate within 14 days of completing work."},{"titleZh":"消防裝置技術員自願認證計劃","titleEn":"Voluntary recognition scheme for FSI technicians","bodyZh":"消防處自2021年8月起推行消防裝置技術員自願認證計劃，目的是提升消防裝置維修從業員的專業水平。有意獲認證者須具備最少五年消防裝置維修保養工作經驗並得到僱主書面推薦，完成兩個必修課程（單元一及單元二）及任何一個選修課程（單元三至單元八）後，便可獲消防處認證為消防裝置技術員。計劃在不修訂法例的前提下，透過培訓與認證推動行業專業化，職業訓練局為首個認可培訓機構。","bodyEn":"Since August 2021 the Fire Services Department has run the Voluntary Recognition Scheme for FSI Technicians to raise the professionalism of FSI maintenance practitioners. A candidate must have at least five years of FSI maintenance work experience and an employer's written recommendation, then complete two compulsory modules (Modules 1 and 2) and any one elective module (Modules 3 to 8) to be recognised as an FSI technician. Without amending legislation, the scheme drives professionalisation through training and recognition, with the VTC as the first accredited training body."},{"titleZh":"工作風險與行業實況","titleEn":"Work risks and industry reality","bodyZh":"消防裝置技術員的工作直接關係樓宇消防安全，檢查與保養是否到位會影響火警時的疏散與滅火。工作須熟悉相關守則與標準，並在承辦商安排下外勤到不同物業。業界指出，若因保養、檢查或修理需要暫時關閉指定消防裝置，且工程預計通宵或持續超過24小時，承辦商須盡快通知消防處，以便制定應變計劃。技術員通常在持牌消防工程公司受僱，累積經驗後可向主管或技術導師方向發展。","bodyEn":"An FSI technician's work bears directly on building fire safety, and whether inspection and maintenance are done properly affects evacuation and firefighting during a fire. The job requires familiarity with relevant codes and standards and, under the contractor's arrangement, field visits to different properties. Industry guidance notes that if designated FSI must be temporarily shut down for maintenance, inspection or repair and the work is expected to run overnight or exceed 24 hours, the contractor must notify the Fire Services Department as soon as possible so contingency plans can be made. Technicians are usually employed by licensed fire engineering companies and may move towards supervisory or instructor roles with experience."}],"payBasisZh":"消防裝置技術員的薪酬由僱主決定，沒有統一法定薪級。受僱於持牌消防工程公司者，待遇按市場行情、工種與經驗由僱主與僱員議定；自願認證計劃本身不設官方薪酬。本站不寫任何月薪、時薪或年薪數字。","payBasisEn":"FSI technicians' pay is set by the employer with no unified statutory scale. Those employed by licensed fire engineering companies agree terms with the employer based on market rates, trade and experience; the voluntary recognition scheme sets no official remuneration. No monthly, hourly or annual figures are stated here.","entryZh":["一般從消防裝置安裝或維修工種起步，累積實務經驗","自願認證計劃要求最少五年消防裝置維修保養工作經驗及僱主書面推薦","完成兩個必修課程（單元一及單元二）及一個選修課程（單元三至八）可獲認證為消防裝置技術員","須熟悉消防裝置守則、檢查標準及FS 251證書要求","工作多由註冊消防裝置承辦商安排，須配合外勤及定期檢查"],"entryEn":["Usually starts in FSI installation or maintenance work, building practical experience","The voluntary recognition scheme requires at least five years of FSI maintenance experience and an employer's written recommendation","Completing two compulsory modules (Modules 1 and 2) and one elective (Modules 3 to 8) earns recognition as an FSI technician","Familiarity with FSI codes, inspection standards and the FS 251 certificate requirement is needed","Work is mostly arranged by a registered FSI contractor, involving field visits and periodic inspection"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"自願認證計劃路線","titleEn":"Voluntary recognition scheme route","stepsZh":["在消防工程公司從事消防裝置安裝或維修保養，累積最少五年經驗","取得僱主書面推薦","完成兩個必修課程及一個選修課程","獲消防處認證為消防裝置技術員，續以持續進修維持水平"],"stepsEn":["Work in FSI installation or maintenance at a fire engineering company, building at least five years of experience","Obtain an employer's written recommendation","Complete two compulsory modules and one elective module","Be recognised by the Fire Services Department as an FSI technician and keep up through continuing development"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"消防裝置學徒／技工","titleEn":"FSI apprentice / skilled worker"},{"titleZh":"消防裝置維修技工","titleEn":"FSI maintenance worker"},{"titleZh":"認證消防裝置技術員","titleEn":"Recognised FSI technician"},{"titleZh":"消防工程主管／技術導師","titleEn":"Fire engineering supervisor / technical instructor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"消防裝置學徒／技工","titleEn":"FSI apprentice / skilled worker"},{"titleZh":"消防裝置維修技工","titleEn":"FSI maintenance worker"},{"titleZh":"認證消防裝置技術員","titleEn":"Recognised FSI technician"},{"titleZh":"消防工程主管／技術導師","titleEn":"Fire engineering supervisor / technical instructor"}],"sourceIds":["careers-fire-service-installation-technician-1","careers-fire-service-installation-technician-2","careers-fire-service-installation-technician-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"fish-farmer","titleZh":"養魚戶","titleEn":"Fish farmer","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","ledeZh":"養魚戶在魚排或魚塘養殖魚類，須投餵、監察水質溶氧、防治疾病並應付紅潮與惡劣天氣。海魚養殖受《海魚養殖條例》規管，必須在指定魚類養殖區持牌經營；塘魚與蠔隻養殖則另有安排。","ledeEn":"Fish farmers cultivate fish in rafts or ponds, feeding them, monitoring dissolved oxygen, controlling disease and coping with red tides and bad weather. Marine fish culture is licensed within designated zones, while pond fish and oyster culture follow other rules.","bodyZh":"香港的水產養殖分為海魚養殖、塘魚養殖與蠔隻養殖三類。海魚養殖是在近岸避風水域的浮排上，以懸掛網箱把魚苗養至上市體型；塘魚養殖集中在新界西北，魚塘有淡水與鹹淡水之分；蠔隻養殖則沿后海灣潮間泥灘進行，已有至少二百年歷史。日常工夫包括投餵、監察水質與溶氧、防治疾病、分級與收成，並要應付紅潮與惡劣天氣等風險。\n\n海魚養殖受法定規管。《海魚養殖條例》（第353章）規定，所有海魚養殖活動均須在指定魚類養殖區內持牌經營；現時全港有28個魚類養殖區，佔海域約650公頃，約有907個持牌經營者。多數持牌魚場規模細小、以家庭作業為主，一般只有一至兩個浮排。海魚養殖牌照自2002年6月起可轉讓，漁農自然護理署亦已推出數碼牌照平台，方便持牌人查閱牌照資料。\n\n塘魚養殖同樣集中在西北新界，2025年本地內陸魚塘面積約1,115公頃，生產約1,518公噸淡水魚；約八成八的魚場採用混養，把大頭魚、鯇魚、鯉魚、鰱魚與羅非魚或烏頭混養，其餘則單養石斑、海鯛等掠食性魚類。漁農自然護理署為養魚戶提供技術支援、培訓與貸款，並推動現代化塘魚養殖。要留意，紅潮、溶氧不足與天氣突變都可能令養殖戶蒙受損失，這類風險是行業的固有部分。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong's aquaculture covers marine fish culture, pond fish culture and oyster culture. Marine fish culture rears fry to marketable size in cages suspended from floating rafts in sheltered coastal waters; pond fish culture centres on the north-west New Territories, with freshwater and brackish ponds; oyster culture has been practised along the intertidal mudflats of Deep Bay for at least two hundred years. Daily work includes feeding, monitoring water quality and dissolved oxygen, controlling disease, grading and harvesting, while dealing with risks such as red tides and bad weather.\n\nMarine fish culture is statutorily regulated. The Marine Fish Culture Ordinance (Cap. 353) requires all marine fish culture to operate under licence within designated fish culture zones; there are currently 28 zones occupying about 650 hectares and some 907 licensed operators. Most licensed farms are small and family-based, typically with one or two rafts. Marine fish culture licences have been transferable since June 2002, and the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department has launched a digital licensing platform for licensees to view their licence details.\n\nPond fish culture also clusters in the north-west New Territories; in 2025 local inland ponds covered about 1,115 hectares and produced about 1,518 tonnes of freshwater fish. About 88 per cent of farms practise polyculture, combining bighead carp, grass carp, common carp and silver carp with tilapia or grey mullet, while the rest farm carnivorous species such as groupers and seabreams alone. The AFCD provides technical support, training and loans and promotes modernised pond fish aquaculture. Note that red tides, low dissolved oxygen and sudden weather changes can cause losses, and these risks are inherent to the trade.","sections":[{"titleZh":"海魚養殖的持牌要求","titleEn":"Licensing requirements for marine fish culture","bodyZh":"《海魚養殖條例》（第353章）規定，所有海魚養殖活動均須在指定魚類養殖區內持牌經營，未持牌不得進行。現時全港有28個魚類養殖區，佔海域約650公頃，約有907個持牌經營者；多數魚場規模細小、以家庭作業為主，一般只有一至兩個浮排。海魚養殖牌照自2002年6月起可轉讓，漁農自然護理署並已推出數碼牌照平台方便持牌人管理牌照。","bodyEn":"The Marine Fish Culture Ordinance (Cap. 353) requires all marine fish culture to operate under licence within designated fish culture zones, and unlicensed operation is not permitted. There are currently 28 zones occupying about 650 hectares with some 907 licensed operators; most farms are small and family-based, typically with one or two rafts. Marine fish culture licences have been transferable since June 2002, and the AFCD has launched a digital licensing platform to help licensees manage their licences. Operators must hold a licence before stocking a raft."},{"titleZh":"塘魚與蠔隻養殖","titleEn":"Pond fish and oyster culture","bodyZh":"塘魚養殖集中在新界西北，魚塘有淡水與鹹淡水之分。2025年本地內陸魚塘面積約1,115公頃，生產約1,518公噸淡水魚，約八成八的魚場採用混養，其餘單養石斑、海鯛等掠食性魚類。魚苗多在早春放養，一般八至十二個月達到上市體型。蠔隻養殖則在后海灣潮間泥灘進行，部分農戶近年改為把內地購入的中型蠔養肥，多採浮排籃養方式。","bodyEn":"Pond fish culture clusters in the north-west New Territories, with freshwater and brackish ponds. In 2025 local inland ponds covered about 1,115 hectares and produced about 1,518 tonnes of freshwater fish; about 88 per cent of farms used polyculture, while the rest farmed carnivorous species such as groupers and seabreams alone. Fry are usually stocked in early spring and most species reach marketable size in eight to twelve months. Oyster culture is practised on the intertidal mudflats of Deep Bay, and some farmers in recent years have fattened medium-sized oysters imported from the Mainland, mostly using the raft and basket method."},{"titleZh":"支援、風險與行業實況","titleEn":"Support, risks and industry reality","bodyZh":"漁農自然護理署為養魚戶提供技術支援、培訓、推廣與貸款，並推動現代化塘魚養殖及良好水產養殖規範；業界亦可申請漁業持續發展基金，採用可持續及高增值的作業模式。養殖業面對的風險相當直接：紅潮可令魚類大量死亡，溶氧不足與水質惡化會影響生長，颱風與天氣突變亦可能損毀設施。漁護署亦推行「漁＋樂」魚場計劃，讓取得認證的魚排與內陸魚場舉辦休閒垂釣及教育導賞活動，開拓收入來源。","bodyEn":"The AFCD provides fish farmers with technical support, training, extension services and loans, and promotes modernised pond fish aquaculture and good aquaculture practices; the trade can also apply to the Sustainable Fisheries Development Fund to adopt sustainable, high-value-added operations. The risks are direct: red tides can cause mass fish deaths, low dissolved oxygen and deteriorating water quality affect growth, and typhoons and sudden weather changes can damage facilities. The AFCD also runs the 'Fish + Fun' scheme, allowing accredited rafts and inland fish farms to offer recreational fishing and educational guided tours, opening up income sources."}],"payBasisZh":"養魚戶的收入取決於養殖收成與漁產售價，沒有官方薪級或法定薪酬。漁產可經魚類統營處等渠道批銷或自行出售，收支由市場價格、存活率、飼料成本與天災損失決定；受僱於魚場的工人待遇由僱主與僱員議定。本站不估算任何收入或薪酬數字。","payBasisEn":"A fish farmer's income depends on harvest and the selling price of the produce, with no official pay scale or statutory wage. Produce may be wholesaled through channels such as the Fish Marketing Organization or sold directly, and the balance is decided by market prices, survival rates, feed costs and weather losses; workers employed by a farm settle terms with the employer. No income or pay figures are estimated here.","entryZh":["海魚養殖須按《海魚養殖條例》（第353章）在指定魚類養殖區內持牌經營","申請海魚養殖牌照須向漁農自然護理署提交申請，並符合養殖設施與水體等要求","需掌握投餵、水質與溶氧監察、疾病防治及分級收成等養殖技術","須應付紅潮、溶氧不足及惡劣天氣等風險","可申請漁業持續發展基金及參與漁護署的培訓與推廣計劃"],"entryEn":["Marine fish culture must operate under licence within designated fish culture zones under the Marine Fish Culture Ordinance (Cap. 353)","Applying for a marine fish culture licence requires submitting an application to the AFCD and meeting requirements on facilities and water bodies","Cultivation skills are needed in feeding, monitoring water quality and dissolved oxygen, disease control and grading and harvesting","Farmers must cope with risks such as red tides, low dissolved oxygen and bad weather","They may apply to the Sustainable Fisheries Development Fund and join AFCD training and extension programmes"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"海魚養殖持牌路線","titleEn":"Licensed marine fish culture route","stepsZh":["確定在指定魚類養殖區內的養殖選址與設施安排","向漁農自然護理署申請海魚養殖牌照","按牌照條件投產，進行投餵、水質與疾病管理","分級收成並經魚類統營處等渠道銷售，持續維持水質與設施"],"stepsEn":["Determine the culture site and facilities within a designated fish culture zone","Apply to the AFCD for a marine fish culture licence","Start production under licence conditions, feeding and managing water quality and disease","Grade and harvest the produce and sell it through channels such as the Fish Marketing Organization, maintaining water quality and facilities"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"養殖工人／學徒","titleEn":"Aquaculture worker / apprentice"},{"titleZh":"持牌養魚戶","titleEn":"Licensed fish farmer"},{"titleZh":"多排／多塘養殖經營者","titleEn":"Multiple-raft / multi-pond operator"},{"titleZh":"養殖合作社成員／漁場主管","titleEn":"Co-operative member / fish farm supervisor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"養殖工人／學徒","titleEn":"Aquaculture worker / apprentice"},{"titleZh":"持牌養魚戶","titleEn":"Licensed fish farmer"},{"titleZh":"多排／多塘養殖經營者","titleEn":"Multiple-raft / multi-pond operator"},{"titleZh":"養殖合作社成員／漁場主管","titleEn":"Co-operative member / fish farm supervisor"}],"sourceIds":["careers-fish-farmer-1","careers-fish-farmer-2","careers-fish-farmer-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"fisher","titleZh":"漁民","titleEn":"Fisher","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","ledeZh":"漁民在香港水域出海捕魚，操作漁網、起卸漁獲、保養船機並冷藏漁獲出售。按《漁業保護條例》，所有本地漁船均須向漁農自然護理署登記方可捕魚，船隻亦須領有海事處的本地船隻牌照。","ledeEn":"Fishermen work at sea, handling nets, landing catch, maintaining engines and chilling the catch for sale. Under the Fisheries Protection Ordinance, all local fishing vessels must be registered with the AFCD to fish, and vessels also need a Marine Department licence.","bodyZh":"在香港出海捕魚是受法例規管的作業。《漁業保護條例》（第171章）規定，所有本地漁船均須向漁農自然護理署登記，方可在香港水域捕魚；已登記船隻須按登記條件運作，包括登記引擎功率、附屬船隻數目與捕魚方法。非漁船類別的船隻亦有指定方式方可捕魚，例如以沒有分支的魚絲手釣、手抄網、不使用漁具，或在潛水時捕魚；若以其他方式藉船隻捕魚，即屬犯罪，最高可處罰款十萬元及監禁六個月。\n\n船隻本身另有海事處的牌照要求。本地船隻須先取得批准信，再就圖則、檢驗、擁有權證明書及運作牌照辦理手續，方可航行；部分船隻亦須購買符合規定的第三者風險保險。此外，如要在海岸公園捕魚，須申請海岸公園漁民捕魚許可證，而申請條件之一，是持有有效的本地漁船登記證明書，以及海事處發出的第III類運作牌照。夜間以強光捕魚亦受規管，只能在指定區域並按規定使用燈罩，否則可能違例。\n\n行業實況方面，漁民要按漁季、海況與法例規定作業，並保養船機與漁具、把漁獲冷藏以保持鮮度。捕撈漁業面對資源與成本壓力，漁業持續發展基金支援漁民轉向可持續及高增值的作業模式；漁農自然護理署亦為漁民提供訓練、聯絡服務與貸款，協助他們考取操作漁船所需的資格及改善航海知識，並鼓勵參與休閒漁業等新方向。","bodyEn":"Fishing at sea in Hong Kong is a regulated activity. The Fisheries Protection Ordinance (Cap. 171) stipulates that all local fishing vessels must be registered with the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) before fishing in Hong Kong waters; registered vessels must operate according to specified conditions including registered engine power, number of ancillary vessels and fishing methods. Non-fishing-class vessels may fish only by specified means, such as a hand line without branch lines, a hand net, without any fishing gear, or while diving; fishing with the use or aid of a vessel by other methods is an offence, liable on conviction to a maximum fine of HK$100,000 and six months' imprisonment.\n\nVessels also have separate Marine Department licensing requirements. A local vessel must first obtain an Approval-in-Principle letter, then deal with its plans, survey, Certificate of Ownership and Operating Licence before it may operate; some vessels must also carry compliant third-party risks insurance. To fish in a marine park, a marine park fishing permit is required, one condition being a valid local fishing vessel registration certificate plus a Class III operating licence issued by the Marine Department. Night fishing with bright lights is also regulated and may only be carried out in designated areas with compliant lamp shades, failing which it may be an offence.\n\nIn practice, fishermen work according to seasons, sea conditions and legal restrictions, maintaining engines and gear and chilling the catch to keep it fresh. Capture fisheries face resource and cost pressures, and the Sustainable Fisheries Development Fund supports fishermen in switching to sustainable, high-value-added modes of operation. The AFCD also provides training, liaison services and loans to help fishermen obtain the qualifications needed to operate vessels, improve their navigation knowledge and move into new directions such as leisure fisheries.","sections":[{"titleZh":"本地漁船登記的規定","titleEn":"Registration of local fishing vessels","bodyZh":"《漁業保護條例》（第171章）規定，所有本地漁船均須向漁農自然護理署登記，方可在香港水域捕魚作業；已登記船隻須按登記條件運作，包括登記引擎功率、附屬船隻數目及捕魚方法。非漁船類別的船隻只可以用指定方式捕魚，例如沒有分支的魚絲手釣、手抄網、不使用漁具或在潛水時捕魚。以其他方式藉船隻捕魚即屬犯罪，最高可罰款十萬元及監禁六個月。","bodyEn":"The Fisheries Protection Ordinance (Cap. 171) requires all local fishing vessels to be registered with the AFCD before they may fish in Hong Kong waters; registered vessels must operate in accordance with the specified conditions including registered engine power, number of ancillary vessels and fishing methods. Non-fishing-class vessels may fish only by specified means, such as a hand line without branch lines, a hand net, without fishing gear, or while diving. Fishing with the use or aid of a vessel by other methods is an offence, liable to a maximum fine of HK$100,000 and six months' imprisonment."},{"titleZh":"海事處船隻牌照與捕魚許可證","titleEn":"Marine Department vessel licences and fishing permits","bodyZh":"本地船隻須先向海事處取得批准信，再就圖則、檢驗、擁有權證明書及運作牌照辦理手續，方可航行；部分船隻須購買符合規定的第三者風險保險。如要在海岸公園捕魚，須申請海岸公園漁民捕魚許可證，申請條件包括持有有效的本地漁船登記證明書，以及海事處發出的第III類運作牌照。夜間以強光捕魚亦受限，只能在指定區域並按規定使用燈罩，否則可能違例。","bodyEn":"A local vessel must first obtain an Approval-in-Principle letter from the Marine Department, then complete procedures on plans, survey, Certificate of Ownership and Operating Licence before it may operate; some vessels must carry compliant third-party risks insurance. To fish in a marine park, a marine park fishing permit is required, with conditions including a valid local fishing vessel registration certificate and a Class III operating licence from the Marine Department. Night fishing with bright lights is also restricted, allowed only in designated areas and with compliant lamp shades, failing which it may be an offence."},{"titleZh":"支援、作業規範與行業實況","titleEn":"Support, operating rules and industry reality","bodyZh":"漁民的工作按漁季、海況與法例規定進行，同時要保養船機與漁具，並把漁獲冷藏以保持鮮度。漁農自然護理署為漁民提供訓練、聯絡服務與貸款，協助他們考取操作漁船所需的資格、改善航海知識，並鼓勵參與休閒漁業；漁業持續發展基金亦支援漁民轉向可持續及高增值的作業模式。捕撈漁業面對資源與成本壓力，加上禁止捕魚區與光燈使用等作業限制，從業員須同時掌握技術與法規。","bodyEn":"Fishermen work according to seasons, sea conditions and legal requirements, while maintaining engines and gear and chilling the catch to keep it fresh. The AFCD provides training, liaison services and loans to help fishermen obtain the qualifications needed to operate vessels, improve navigation knowledge and take part in leisure fisheries; the Sustainable Fisheries Development Fund also supports a shift to sustainable, high-value-added operations. Capture fisheries face resource and cost pressures, and with restrictions such as prohibited fishing areas and bright-light rules, practitioners must master both technique and regulation."}],"payBasisZh":"漁民的收入取決於漁獲量與漁產售價，沒有官方薪級或法定薪酬。漁獲可經魚類統營處等渠道出售，收支由市場價格、燃油與維修成本及漁季好壞決定；受僱於船東的漁工待遇由船東與船員議定。本站不估算任何收入或薪酬數字。","payBasisEn":"A fisherman's income depends on catch and selling price, with no official pay scale or statutory wage. Catch may be sold through channels such as the Fish Marketing Organization, and the balance is decided by market prices, fuel and repair costs and the quality of the season; crew employed by a vessel owner settle terms with the owner. No income or pay figures are estimated here.","entryZh":["所有本地漁船均須按《漁業保護條例》（第171章）向漁農自然護理署登記，方可捕魚作業","船隻須向海事處取得批准信，並領有擁有權證明書及運作牌照","已登記船隻須按登記條件運作，包括引擎功率、附屬船隻數目及捕魚方法","在海岸公園捕魚須申請漁民捕魚許可證，須持有效本地漁船登記證明書及第III類運作牌照","夜間以強光捕魚須在指定區域並按規定使用燈罩，須遵守禁止捕魚區等規定"],"entryEn":["All local fishing vessels must be registered with the AFCD under the Fisheries Protection Ordinance (Cap. 171) to fish","Vessels must obtain an Approval-in-Principle letter from the Marine Department and hold a Certificate of Ownership and Operating Licence","Registered vessels must operate per conditions including engine power, number of ancillary vessels and fishing methods","Fishing in a marine park requires a marine park fishing permit, with a valid local fishing vessel registration certificate and a Class III operating licence","Night bright-light fishing is limited to designated areas with compliant lamp shades, and prohibited fishing areas must be observed"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"登記漁船作業路線","titleEn":"Registered fishing vessel route","stepsZh":["取得本地漁船，向漁農自然護理署登記船隻以進行捕魚作業","向海事處辦理批准信、擁有權證明書及運作牌照","按登記條件及法例在香港水域作業，遵守禁止捕魚區與光燈規定","把漁獲冷藏並經魚類統營處等渠道出售，持續保養船機與漁具"],"stepsEn":["Acquire a local fishing vessel and register it with the AFCD for fishing operations","Complete the Marine Department procedures for the Approval-in-Principle letter, Certificate of Ownership and Operating Licence","Operate in Hong Kong waters per registration conditions and the law, observing prohibited fishing areas and bright-light rules","Chill and sell the catch through channels such as the Fish Marketing Organization, maintaining engines and gear"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"甲板手／漁工","titleEn":"Deckhand / fishing crew"},{"titleZh":"漁民（船員）","titleEn":"Fisher (crew member)"},{"titleZh":"船東／漁船負責人","titleEn":"Vessel owner / fishing vessel master"},{"titleZh":"漁業合作社成員／船隊經營者","titleEn":"Fisheries co-operative member / fleet operator"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"甲板手／漁工","titleEn":"Deckhand / fishing crew"},{"titleZh":"漁民（船員）","titleEn":"Fisher (crew member)"},{"titleZh":"船東／漁船負責人","titleEn":"Vessel owner / fishing vessel master"},{"titleZh":"漁業合作社成員／船隊經營者","titleEn":"Fisheries co-operative member / fleet operator"}],"sourceIds":["careers-fisher-1","careers-fisher-2","careers-fisher-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"flight-dispatcher","titleZh":"飛行簽派員","titleEn":"Flight dispatcher","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","emerging":true,"ledeZh":"飛行簽派員喺航空公司運作中心同機長共同負責飛行計劃，按天氣、航路同載重計算燃油同起降重量限制，並全程監察航班；香港冇法定簽派員牌照，入行靠航空公司自己嘅訓練計劃。","ledeEn":"A flight dispatcher shares responsibility with the captain for the flight plan, calculating fuel and weight limits from weather, route and payload and monitoring the flight throughout. Hong Kong issues no statutory dispatcher licence, so entry runs through an airline's own training scheme.","bodyZh":"飛行簽派員（亦有人叫航班簽派主任或飛行運作主任）喺航空公司嘅運作中心做嘢，同機長共同負責飛行計劃。佢要按最新天氣預報同實況、航路、飛機性能同載重，計算所需燃油同起降重量限制，必要時安排改道、避開惡劣天氣，並由航班起飛到降落持續跟進飛行進度。呢啲工作要熟用航空公司嘅飛行計劃系統，並同機長同空中交通管制人員保持溝通。\n\n香港冇法定嘅飛行簽派員牌照，唔似機師或航空交通管制員要考取民航處執照，所以入行關卡主要係航空公司嘅訓練計劃同內部考核。職業訓練局嘅職業資料庫列出呢個職位一般要求中五／香港中學文憑程度、最好有一至兩年航空公司經驗同良好英語會話能力；實際招聘多數由現職航空業人員（例如航班運作、載重控制或航班協調）轉職，再接受公司提供嘅簽派訓練。\n\n行業實況方面，簽派員長期輪班，因為航班廿四小時運作；颱風、旺季同其他突發情況要短時間內重新規劃。航空公司屬《1995年空運（香港）令》下須持有民航處發出嘅空運牌照（AOC）先可以經營公共運輸航班，運作手冊同人手編制受呢個框架規管，所以簽派崗位通常設喺獲認可嘅運作體系之內。","bodyEn":"A flight dispatcher - sometimes titled a flight dispatch officer or flight operations officer - works in an airline's operations control centre and shares responsibility with the captain for the flight plan. Using the latest forecasts and observations, the route, aircraft performance and payload, the dispatcher calculates the fuel required and the take-off and landing weight limits, arranges rerouting to avoid bad weather, and follows the flight from departure to landing. The job relies on the airline's flight-planning systems and constant contact with the captain and air traffic control.\n\nHong Kong issues no statutory flight dispatcher licence. Unlike pilots or air traffic controllers, dispatchers do not need a Civil Aviation Department licence, so the real entry barrier is an airline's own training programme and internal assessment. The Vocational Training Council's occupation dictionary lists Secondary 5 / HKDSE level, ideally one to two years of airline experience and good spoken English. In practice most recruits move across from airline operations, load control or flight co-ordination and then complete the airline's dispatch course.\n\nDispatchers work shifts because flights run around the clock, and typhoons, peak seasons and disruption demand quick re-planning. Under the Air Navigation (Hong Kong) Order 1995, an operator needs an Air Operator's Certificate from the Civil Aviation Department before it can fly public transport services, and its operations manual and staffing sit inside that framework, so dispatch posts normally form part of an approved operation.","sections":[{"titleZh":"同機長共同負責","titleEn":"Shared responsibility with the captain","bodyZh":"飛行簽派員唔係機長嘅助手，而係同機長共同負責飛行計劃嘅一方。佢要綜合天氣預報同實況、航路、機型同載重去計算所需燃油，同決定起飛、降落嘅重量限制；航班一旦遇上天氣轉壞或其他變數，就要即時改道或調整，並由起飛到降落全程監察航班狀況，同機長同空中交通管制人員保持溝通。呢啲工作喺航空公司嘅運作中心進行，一個團隊往往同時處理幾個航班，交更時亦要把未完成嘅事項清楚交接。","bodyEn":"A dispatcher is not the captain's assistant but a party that shares responsibility for the flight plan. The dispatcher combines forecasts and observations, the route, aircraft type and payload to calculate the fuel required and set the take-off and landing weight limits, reroutes or adjusts when weather or other factors change, and monitors the flight from departure to landing while staying in contact with the captain and air traffic control. The work sits in the airline's operations control centre, where a team may handle several flights at once and where unfinished items must be handed over clearly at shift changes."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡同訓練","titleEn":"Entry route and training","bodyZh":"香港冇法定簽派員牌照，入行關卡係航空公司自己嘅訓練同考核。職業資料庫一般列出中五／香港中學文憑程度，最好有一至兩年航空公司經驗同良好英語會話能力；實際多數由航班運作、載重控制或航班協調等崗位轉職，再接受公司簽派訓練，通過考核先獨立值班。因為簽派決定同時影響安全同成本，訓練內容涵蓋飛機系統、氣象、導航同公司程序，最後以筆試同實務考核作結。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no statutory dispatcher licence, so the barrier is the airline's own training and assessment. The occupation dictionary generally lists Secondary 5 / HKDSE, ideally one to two years of airline experience and good spoken English; in practice recruits usually move from flight operations, load control or flight co-ordination and then take the airline's dispatch course, and only work a desk alone after passing the assessment. Because dispatch decisions affect both safety and cost, training covers aircraft systems, meteorology, navigation and airline procedures and ends with written and practical examinations."},{"titleZh":"班次、系統同壓力","titleEn":"Shifts, systems and pressure","bodyZh":"航班廿四小時運作，簽派員要輪班，颱風同突發情況會迫住喺短時間內重新規劃，壓力集中喺做決定嘅一刻。日常要靠飛行計劃同監察系統，所以電腦操作同英文閱讀能力都重要。航空公司喺《1995年空運（香港）令》下要持空運牌照（AOC）先經營公共運輸航班，運作手冊同人手編制受規管，簽派崗位設喺獲認可嘅運作體系內。","bodyEn":"Flights run around the clock, so dispatchers work shifts, and typhoons or disruption force quick re-planning with the pressure concentrated in the moment of decision. The daily tools are flight-planning and monitoring systems, so computer literacy and reading English matter. Under the Air Navigation (Hong Kong) Order 1995 an operator needs an Air Operator's Certificate before flying public transport services, and its operations manual and staffing are regulated, so dispatch posts normally sit inside an approved operation. Dispatchers therefore work to the operator's approved procedures rather than personal preferences."}],"payBasisZh":"飛行簽派員受僱於私營航空公司，香港並無法例或官方薪級表規定佢哋嘅薪酬；薪酬由僱主（航空公司）按自己嘅薪酬同一貫嘅獎金制度決定。","payBasisEn":"Flight dispatchers are employed by private airlines. Hong Kong sets no statutory or official pay scale for the post; pay is decided by the employer (the airline) under its own salary and bonus structure.","entryZh":["香港冇法定飛行簽派員牌照，唔需要民航處執照","職業資料庫一般列出中五／香港中學文憑程度","最好有一至兩年航空公司相關經驗","良好英語會話同閱讀能力","須通過航空公司嘅簽派訓練同內部考核先獨立值班"],"entryEn":["No statutory flight dispatcher licence in Hong Kong; no CAD licence required","The occupation dictionary generally lists Secondary 5 / HKDSE level","Ideally one to two years of relevant airline experience","Good spoken and reading English","Must pass the airline's dispatch training and internal assessment before working a desk alone"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由航空運作崗位轉職","titleEn":"Moving across from an airline operations post","stepsZh":["先入航空公司做航班運作、載重控制或航班協調等前線崗位","累積一至兩年經驗並熟習公司嘅運作同飛行計劃系統","申請內部或對外嘅簽派員職位，接受公司簽派訓練","通過筆試同考核後獨立值班"],"stepsEn":["Join an airline in a front-line operations, load control or flight co-ordination post","Build one to two years of experience and learn the company's operations and flight-planning systems","Apply for a dispatcher post, internally or externally, and take the airline's dispatch course","Work a desk independently after passing the written and practical assessments"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"由航空相關課程入行","titleEn":"Entering through an aviation-related programme","stepsZh":["修讀機場運作或航空服務等高級文憑／學位課程","畢業後加入航空公司運作部門","在職接受簽派訓練並取得公司認可嘅值班資格"],"stepsEn":["Study a higher diploma or degree in airport operations or aviation services","Join an airline's operations department after graduation","Complete dispatch training on the job and obtain the company's approval to work a desk"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"飛行簽派員","titleEn":"Flight dispatch officer"},{"titleZh":"簽派主管","titleEn":"Flight dispatch supervisor"},{"titleZh":"簽派經理","titleEn":"Flight dispatch manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"飛行簽派員","titleEn":"Flight dispatch officer"},{"titleZh":"簽派主管","titleEn":"Flight dispatch supervisor"},{"titleZh":"簽派經理","titleEn":"Flight dispatch manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-flight-dispatcher-1","careers-flight-dispatcher-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"food-safety-officer","titleZh":"食物安全主任","titleEn":"Food safety officer","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","ledeZh":"食物安全主任喺餐飲集團或食品廠推行食物安全制度，巡查廚房、監控溫度同儲存紀錄、處理投訴同培訓員工；香港私營市場冇法定註冊，官方可對照嘅係政府食物安全主任嘅學歷同經驗要求。","ledeEn":"A food safety officer runs the food safety system in a catering group or food factory, inspecting kitchens, checking temperature and storage records, handling complaints and training staff. There is no statutory registration for the private-sector role; the Government post is an official yardstick.","bodyZh":"食物安全主任要將食物安全制度落到廚房同生產線：按風險巡查環境同流程，檢查冷藏冷凍溫度、儲存同解凍紀錄、清潔消毒同蟲鼠防治，跟進顧客投訴同疑似食物中毒個案，仲要安排員工食物衛生培訓。食品廠同大型餐飲集團多數會參照食物安全中心推廣嘅 HACCP（食物安全重點控制系統）建立食物安全計劃，由指定人員帶領團隊識別危害、訂立關鍵控制點同監察措施，並保存紀錄以應付審核同監管查詢。\n\n香港冇為私營機構嘅食物安全主任設立法定註冊或牌照，入行關卡主要係學歷同經驗。政府自己嘅食物安全主任職位可作參考：申請人須持有食物科學／食物科技／營養科學／營養治療／食物毒理／食物微生物／食物生物科技等相關學士學位同相關碩士學位，並具備十年相關畢業後經驗，其中五年屬督導性質，語文方面要求香港中學文憑中國語文同英國語文達第二級。私營僱主一般要求相關理科學位同 HACCP 實務經驗，但會按公司規模同風險自行訂定。\n\n實況方面，監管收緊、外賣同中央廚房普及，加上公眾對食物事故嘅敏感度提高，令企業更願意聘請專責嘅食物安全人手，而唔係由生產主管兼任。呢個崗位要同時面對廚房、化驗室同管理層，能夠講服忙碌嘅前線按程序做事，往往比識分析更關鍵。","bodyEn":"A food safety officer in a catering group or food factory makes a written food safety system work on the ground. The officer inspects premises and processes by risk, checks chilling and freezing temperatures, storage and defrosting records, cleaning and pest control, follows up customer complaints and suspected food poisoning cases, and arranges food hygiene training for staff. Many factories and large chains build their systems around the HACCP approach promoted by the Centre for Food Safety, with a designated person leading a team to identify hazards, set critical control points, define monitoring and keep records for audits and regulatory enquiries.\n\nHong Kong does not license food safety officers in the private sector, so the entry barrier is qualifications and experience rather than statutory registration. The Government's own food safety officer post is a useful reference: applicants need a university degree and a master's degree in food science, food technology, nutritional science, dietetics, food toxicology, food microbiology or food biotechnology, plus ten years of relevant post-graduate experience, five of them supervisory, with Level 2 in Chinese and English. Private employers usually ask for a relevant science degree and practical HACCP experience, but set their own bar according to size and risk.\n\nWith tighter regulation, the growth of takeaways and central kitchens, and greater public sensitivity to food incidents, more companies now employ dedicated food safety staff instead of leaving the work to a production supervisor. The role faces the kitchen, the laboratory and the boardroom at once, and being able to persuade busy front-line operators to follow procedures often matters more than analytical skill.","sections":[{"titleZh":"將制度落到廚房同生產線","titleEn":"Making the system work on the ground","bodyZh":"食物安全主任嘅工作唔止寫文件，而係確保制度喺繁忙環境下真係行得通：按風險巡查、量度同記錄冷藏冷凍溫度、檢查儲存同解凍、監督清潔消毒同防治蟲鼠，跟進投訴同疑似食物中毒個案，並安排員工衛生培訓。食品廠同連鎖集團多數參照食物安全中心推廣嘅 HACCP 建立計劃，由指定人員帶領團隊做危害分析同監察。","bodyEn":"The job is not only about writing documents but about making the system actually work in a busy setting: risk-based inspections, measuring and recording chilling and freezing temperatures, checking storage and defrosting, overseeing cleaning and pest control, following up complaints and suspected poisoning cases, and arranging staff hygiene training. Factories and chains usually build programmes on the HACCP approach promoted by the Centre for Food Safety, with a designated person leading the hazard analysis, setting critical control points, defining monitoring and keeping records for audits and inspections."},{"titleZh":"官方可對照嘅入職要求","titleEn":"An official reference point for entry","bodyZh":"香港私營市場冇法定註冊，所以入行關卡係學歷同經驗。政府食物安全主任職位嘅入職條件可作對照：須持食物科學、食物科技、營養科學、食物毒理、食物微生物或食物生物科技等相關學士同碩士學位，並有十年相關畢業後經驗，其中五年屬督導性質，中英文達文憑試第二級。私營僱主按公司規模同風險自訂要求，通常要求相關理科學位加 HACCP 實務。","bodyEn":"There is no statutory registration in the private market, so the entry barrier is qualifications and experience. The Government's food safety officer post is a reference: a relevant bachelor's and master's degree in food science, food technology, nutritional science, food toxicology, food microbiology or food biotechnology, ten years of relevant post-graduate experience with five of them supervisory, and Level 2 in Chinese and English. Private employers set their own bar by size and risk, usually asking for a relevant science degree plus practical HACCP work."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同需求變化","titleEn":"Industry reality and shifting demand","bodyZh":"監管收緊、外賣同中央廚房普及，加上公眾對食物事故更敏感，令企業傾向聘請專責嘅食物安全人手，而唔係由生產主管兼任。呢個崗位要同時面對廚房、化驗室同管理層，能夠講服忙碌嘅前線按程序做事，往往比識分析更關鍵；食物安全主任亦要熟讀食安中心嘅業界指引同相關規定，先跟得上審核同監管要求。","bodyEn":"Tighter regulation, the spread of takeaways and central kitchens and greater public sensitivity to food incidents have pushed companies to employ dedicated food safety staff rather than leaving the task to a production supervisor. The role faces the kitchen, the laboratory and the boardroom at once, and persuading busy front-line operators to follow procedures often matters more than analytical skill. Officers also need to keep up with the Centre for Food Safety's trade guidelines and the rules that drive audits and inspections."}],"payBasisZh":"私營機構嘅食物安全主任薪酬由僱主按公司規模同經驗決定，香港冇適用於全行嘅法定或官方薪級表；政府食物安全主任屬公務員職位，按公務員薪級釐定。","payBasisEn":"For private-sector food safety officers pay is set by the employer according to size and experience, and Hong Kong has no statutory or official pay scale for the sector as a whole; the Government's food safety officer post is a civil service position paid on the civil service pay scale.","entryZh":["香港冇法定註冊，私營機構按僱主要求聘用","政府同類職位要求食物科學或相關學士及碩士學位","需具備食物安全相關畢業後經驗（政府職位要求十年，其中五年督導）","熟悉 HACCP 同食安中心嘅業界指引同相關規定","中英文達香港中學文憑第二級或同等成績"],"entryEn":["No statutory registration; private employers hire on their own terms","The comparable government post requires a relevant bachelor's and master's degree in food science","Relevant post-graduate experience is expected (the government post asks for ten years, five of them supervisory)","Familiarity with HACCP and the Centre for Food Safety's trade guidelines","Level 2 or equivalent in Chinese and English"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由食品科學畢業到企業食物安全主任","titleEn":"From a food science degree to a company food safety officer","stepsZh":["修讀食物科學、食物科技或微生物等相關學位","入食品廠或餐飲集團做品質控制或生產崗位","參與 HACCP 計劃同巡查，累積實務經驗","升任食物安全主任，統籌巡查、投訴同培訓"],"stepsEn":["Study a degree in food science, food technology or microbiology","Join a food factory or catering group in quality control or production","Take part in HACCP plans and inspections to build practical experience","Move up to food safety officer, running inspections, complaints and training"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"由化驗或檢測背景轉職","titleEn":"Moving across from a laboratory or testing background","stepsZh":["在化驗所或檢測機構累積食品化驗經驗","補讀食物安全、HACCP 或風險管理相關課程","轉到食品廠或餐飲集團負責食物安全制度"],"stepsEn":["Build food testing experience in a laboratory or testing body","Take further study in food safety, HACCP or risk management","Move into a food factory or catering group to run the food safety system"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"食物安全主任（初級）","titleEn":"Food safety officer (entry)"},{"titleZh":"食物安全主任","titleEn":"Food safety officer"},{"titleZh":"食物安全經理","titleEn":"Food safety manager"},{"titleZh":"品質及食物安全總監","titleEn":"Quality and food safety director"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"食物安全主任（初級）","titleEn":"Food safety officer (entry)"},{"titleZh":"食物安全主任","titleEn":"Food safety officer"},{"titleZh":"食物安全經理","titleEn":"Food safety manager"},{"titleZh":"品質及食物安全總監","titleEn":"Quality and food safety director"}],"sourceIds":["careers-food-safety-officer-1","careers-food-safety-officer-2","careers-food-safety-officer-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"forklift-operator","titleZh":"叉式起重車操作員","titleEn":"Forklift operator","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"叉式起重車操作員操作叉車搬運板貨同重型物料，每日檢查液壓同制動、遵守載重限制同行人分隔；香港法例規定操作員要年滿十八歲並持有針對該類叉車嘅有效訓練證書，先可以操作。","ledeEn":"A forklift operator moves palletised and heavy loads, checks hydraulics and brakes daily, and respects load limits and pedestrian separation. Hong Kong law requires an operator to be at least 18 and to hold a valid training certificate for that type of forklift.","bodyZh":"香港嘅叉式起重車（叉車）操作受《工廠及工業經營（負荷物移動機械）規例》（第59章附屬法例）規管：負責人須確保叉車只由年滿十八歲、並持有適用於該類叉車嘅有效證書嘅人操作，所以入行關卡唔係學歷，而係完成勞工處認可嘅強制性安全訓練課程並考取證書。負責人若安排未持證者操作即屬違法。\n\n勞工處認可三類課程：新手操作員課程、有經驗操作員課程同重新甄審（續期）課程。課程設筆試同實習考試，學員兩者合格先獲發證書，證書有有效期，到期前要參加重新甄審課程換領新證。未持證但有實際操作經驗嘅人，可以由僱主書面證明經驗，報讀有經驗操作員課程。\n\n日常工作中，操作員按指示搬運板貨、上落貨同堆放物料，開工前要檢查液壓、制動、輪胎同警示裝置，並遵守載重限制同速度要求。勞工處《安全使用叉式起重車指引》指出，意外多同缺乏訓練、行人同叉車冇分隔、地面濕滑、斜道過斜同輪胎保養不足有關，所以操作員亦要跟從場地嘅安全工作制度同行人分隔安排。","bodyEn":"Forklift operation in Hong Kong is governed by the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Loadshifting Machinery) Regulation, a subsidiary regulation under Cap. 59. The responsible person must ensure a forklift is operated only by a person who has reached the age of 18 and holds a valid certificate applicable to that type of truck. The entry barrier is therefore not academic but the completion of a Labour Department recognised mandatory safety training course and the award of a certificate.\n\nThe Labour Department recognises three courses: the full course for new operators, the full course for experienced operators and the revalidation course. Each has a written examination and a practical examination, and a certificate is issued only when the trainee passes both; certificates are time-limited, and holders must take the revalidation course before expiry to obtain a new one. Someone with real operating experience but no certificate can be admitted to the experienced-operator course on written evidence from the employer.\n\nDay to day, the operator moves pallets, loads and unloads vehicles and stacks materials, checking hydraulics, brakes, tyres and warning devices before each shift and respecting load limits and speed. The Labour Department's Guidance Notes for Safe Use of Fork-lift Trucks attribute most accidents to a lack of proper training, failure to segregate pedestrians, slippery floors, ramps that are too steep and poor tyre maintenance, so operators must also follow the site's safe system of work and pedestrian-separation arrangements.","sections":[{"titleZh":"法定要求：年齡同證書","titleEn":"The legal requirements: age and certificate","bodyZh":"《工廠及工業經營（負荷物移動機械）規例》規定，叉車負責人須確保機器只由年滿十八歲、並持有適用於該類叉車嘅有效證書嘅人操作，同埋要為受指示操作嘅員工提供該類叉車嘅訓練課程。所以學歷唔係關卡，重點係完成認可課程同持續持有效證書。呢個規例適用於工業經營，負責人除咗編排人手，亦要保存訓練同證書紀錄，以便檢查。","bodyEn":"The Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Loadshifting Machinery) Regulation requires the responsible person to ensure a forklift is operated only by someone aged 18 or above who holds a valid certificate for that type of truck, and to provide a training course for any employee instructed to operate one. Academic qualifications are not the barrier; completing a recognised course and keeping a valid certificate are. The regulation applies to industrial undertakings, and the responsible person must also keep training and certification records available for inspection."},{"titleZh":"訓練課程同證書續期","titleEn":"Training courses and certificate renewal","bodyZh":"勞工處認可新手、有經驗同重新甄審三類課程，各自設筆試同實習考試，兩者合格先發證書。有實際操作經驗但未持證嘅人，可由僱主書面證明經驗報讀有經驗操作員課程；已持證但就快到期或已過期嘅人，要讀重新甄審課程換新證，續期亦對操作日數或年期有要求。學員一般要達到指定出席率，先可以參加考試。","bodyEn":"The Labour Department recognises three courses - new operator, experienced operator and revalidation - each with a written and a practical examination, and a certificate is issued only when both are passed. Someone with real experience but no certificate may enter the experienced-operator course on written proof from the employer, while a holder whose certificate is expiring or has recently expired must take the revalidation course for a new one, which also carries experience or operating-day requirements. Applicants must also meet the course's attendance requirements before sitting the examinations."},{"titleZh":"日常檢查同場地安全","titleEn":"Daily checks and site safety","bodyZh":"操作員開工前要檢查液壓、制動、輪胎同警示裝置，操作時遵守載重限制同速度，並遵守場地嘅行人分隔安排。勞工處指引指叉車意外多源於訓練不足、行人同叉車冇分隔、地面濕滑、斜道過斜同輪胎保養差，所以除操作技術，安全意識同跟程序同樣重要。操作員亦要留意叉車重心同斜坡角度，避免翻側。","bodyEn":"Before each shift an operator checks hydraulics, brakes, tyres and warning devices, keeps within load limits and speed, and follows the site's pedestrian-separation arrangements. The Labour Department's guidance attributes forklift accidents largely to inadequate training, failure to separate pedestrians, slippery floors, steep ramps and poor tyre maintenance, so safety awareness and following procedure matter as much as operating skill. Operators should also watch the truck's centre of gravity and the angle of ramps to avoid tipping, and must never carry passengers or raise people on the forks. Refresher training and revalidation keep the certificate current and reinforce these habits."}],"payBasisZh":"香港冇為叉式起重車操作員訂立法定薪級；薪酬由僱主按行業慣例、經驗同班次決定，唔屬公務員薪級，法例亦唔規定工資金額。","payBasisEn":"Hong Kong sets no statutory pay scale for forklift operators. Pay is decided by the employer according to trade practice, experience and shifts; it is not a civil service scale and the law does not prescribe wage levels.","entryZh":["年滿十八歲","完成勞工處認可嘅負荷物移動機械（叉車）安全訓練課程","通過筆試同實習考試，取得針對該類叉車嘅有效證書","證書到期前完成重新甄審課程續證","有經驗者可用僱主書面證明報讀有經驗操作員課程"],"entryEn":["At least 18 years old","Completion of a Labour Department recognised loadshifting machinery (forklift) safety training course","Passing a written and a practical examination to obtain a valid certificate for the relevant type of truck","Taking the revalidation course before the certificate expires","Experienced operators may enter the experienced-operator course with written proof from the employer"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"新手入行","titleEn":"Starting as a new operator","stepsZh":["由僱主安排或自行報讀勞工處認可嘅新手操作員課程","完成理論同實習訓練並通過筆試及實習考試","取得證書後在監督下開始操作叉車","累積經驗並定時續證"],"stepsEn":["Take a Labour Department recognised new-operator course, arranged by the employer or self-funded","Complete the theory and practical training and pass the written and practical examinations","Start operating under supervision once the certificate is issued","Build experience and renew the certificate in good time"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"有經驗者補領證書","titleEn":"Certification for experienced operators","stepsZh":["由僱主書面證明實際操作該類叉車嘅經驗","報讀有經驗操作員課程","通過考試後取得正式操作證書"],"stepsEn":["Obtain written proof of experience from the employer","Enrol in the experienced-operator course","Obtain the formal operator certificate after passing the examination"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"叉車操作員","titleEn":"Forklift operator"},{"titleZh":"高級操作員／倉務組長","titleEn":"Senior operator / warehouse team leader"},{"titleZh":"倉務主管／物流主任","titleEn":"Warehouse supervisor / logistics officer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"叉車操作員","titleEn":"Forklift operator"},{"titleZh":"高級操作員／倉務組長","titleEn":"Senior operator / warehouse team leader"},{"titleZh":"倉務主管／物流主任","titleEn":"Warehouse supervisor / logistics officer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-forklift-operator-1","careers-forklift-operator-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"formworker","titleZh":"釘板及模板工","titleEn":"Formworker","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"釘板及模板工搭起樓板、樑柱同牆身嘅木模或系統模板，控制尺寸、垂直度同接縫密實，落石屎後拆模；香港冇法定執業牌照，入行主要靠建造業議會工藝測試認證手藝。","ledeEn":"A formworker builds the timber or system formwork that shapes slabs, beams, columns and walls, controlling dimensions, plumbing and tight joints, then strikes it after the pour. Hong Kong sets no statutory practising licence; skill is certified mainly through the Construction Industry Council's trade tests.","bodyZh":"模板（行內又叫「釘板」）係將混凝土定型嘅臨時結構。師傅按圖則開料，裝嵌樓板、樑、柱同牆身嘅木模或系統模板（例如鋼模、鋁模），拉線同校正尺寸、垂直度同平整度，確保接縫密實、支撐牢固，再等混凝土澆築並達到強度後拆模。做得好唔好，直接影響石屎結構嘅尺寸準確同外觀，亦關係到澆築時嘅安全。\n\n香港冇為模板工設立法定執業牌照，行業嘅技能認證主要經建造業議會嘅工藝測試。議會嘅「木匠（模板—樓宇建造）」等測試分中級同技能級別：中級測試要求申請人係香港居民並年滿十八歲，未滿十八歲者若持認可院校證書、屬議會／職訓局學員或持有效學徒合約則可獲接受；技能測試要求最少四年相關工作經驗，持相應中級工藝測試證書者則須於取得資格後有一年相關經驗。\n\n模板屬高風險工序，牽涉高處工作、吊運同臨時支撐，所以除技能認證外，工人須按《建造業工人註冊條例》註冊，喺地盤出示註冊證，部分工種仲要有指定技能嘅註冊。天氣、工序交接同混凝土養護期都會影響排期，師傅往往要按更緊嘅節點趕工。","bodyEn":"Formwork - known on site as 'nailing boards' - is the temporary structure that shapes concrete. The formworker sets out and cuts material to the drawings, erects timber or system formwork (steel or aluminium panels, for example) for slabs, beams, columns and walls, and pulls lines to check dimensions, plumb and flatness so that joints are tight and supports are secure. The formwork is struck only after the concrete has been placed and has gained strength. The quality of this work directly affects the accuracy and finish of the concrete structure and the safety of the pour.\n\nHong Kong sets no statutory practising licence for formworkers; skill is certified mainly through the Construction Industry Council's trade tests. The council's tests, such as Carpenter (Formwork - Building Construction), come at intermediate and skilled levels. The intermediate test requires the applicant to be a Hong Kong resident aged 18 or above, while a person under 18 may be accepted if he or she holds a certificate from a recognised body, is a CIC or VTC trainee, or is under a valid apprenticeship contract. The skilled test requires at least four years of relevant experience, or one year after obtaining the corresponding intermediate trade test certificate.\n\nFormwork is a high-risk trade involving work at height, lifting and temporary support, so beyond certification workers must register under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance, carry a registration card on site, and for some trades hold a designated-skills registration. Weather, the handover between trades and concrete curing all affect the programme, and formworkers often work to tight nodes to keep the pour on schedule.","sections":[{"titleZh":"模板工序同要求","titleEn":"The formwork process and its demands","bodyZh":"模板師傅要識睇圖、開料同裝嵌，仲要控制尺寸、垂直度同平整度，確保接縫密實、支撐牢固，再待混凝土達到強度後拆模。模板質素直接影響石屎結構嘅準確度同外觀，裝嵌唔穩仲會危及澆築安全，所以拉線、校對同支撐檢查係每道工序嘅核心。師傅亦要同紮鐵、混凝土等工種協調，因為模板、鋼筋同澆築係環環相扣嘅工序。","bodyEn":"A formworker reads drawings, cuts and assembles materials and also controls dimensions, plumb and flatness so joints are tight and supports secure, striking the formwork only after the concrete has gained strength. Formwork quality directly shapes the accuracy and finish of the concrete structure, and unstable assembly endangers the pour, so setting out, checking and inspecting supports sit at the heart of every task. A formworker must also co-ordinate with the reinforcement and concreting trades, because formwork, steel fixing and pouring are interlocking steps on the same programme."},{"titleZh":"工藝測試認證","titleEn":"Certification through trade tests","bodyZh":"行業冇法定牌照，手藝主要靠建造業議會嘅工藝測試認證。中級測試要求申請人係香港居民並年滿十八歲，部分未滿十八歲嘅學員可用院校證書或學徒合約獲接納；技能測試要求最少四年相關經驗，持相應中級證書者則須再有一年經驗先可報考。測試以實務操作評核手藝，合格後獲發證書，係行業公認嘅技能憑證。","bodyEn":"The trade has no statutory licence, so skill is certified mainly through the Construction Industry Council's trade tests. The intermediate test requires a Hong Kong resident aged 18 or above, with some younger trainees accepted on a college certificate or apprenticeship contract; the skilled test requires at least four years of relevant experience, or one year after the corresponding intermediate certificate. The tests assess practical skill and, when passed, issue a certificate that the industry widely recognises as proof of competence, and a worker may progress from intermediate to skilled level as experience grows."},{"titleZh":"工人註冊同工地風險","titleEn":"Worker registration and site risk","bodyZh":"模板工作牽涉高處、吊運同臨時支撐，風險高，所以工人要按《建造業工人註冊條例》註冊，喺地盤出示註冊證，部分工種仲要有指定技能註冊。天氣、工序交接同混凝土養護期影響排期，師傅常要按緊迫節點趕工，安全同進度之間嘅平衡係日常課題。工序密、時間緊時，尤其要靠經驗判斷支撐同安全措施。","bodyEn":"Formwork involves work at height, lifting and temporary support, so it is high risk. Workers must register under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance, carry a registration card on site and, for some trades, hold a designated-skills registration. Weather, trade handovers and concrete curing shape the programme, and formworkers often chase tight nodes, making the balance between safety and progress a daily question. When the sequence is tight and time is short, experience in judging supports and safety measures matters most."}],"payBasisZh":"香港冇為模板工訂立法定薪級，薪酬由僱主或承建商按行業慣例、經驗同工序決定；日薪制常見，但金額由市場同僱傭雙方議定，唔由官方規定。","payBasisEn":"Hong Kong sets no statutory pay scale for formworkers. Pay is decided by the employer or contractor according to trade practice, experience and the task; daily-rate pay is common, but the amount is settled between the market and the two parties rather than fixed by the Government.","entryZh":["香港冇法定模板工執業牌照","手藝經建造業議會工藝測試認證（例如木匠—模板）","中級測試：須為香港居民並年滿十八歲","技能測試：最少四年相關經驗；持中級證書者須再有一年經驗","須按《建造業工人註冊條例》註冊，地盤出示註冊證"],"entryEn":["No statutory practising licence for formworkers in Hong Kong","Skill is certified through CIC trade tests (for example, Carpenter - Formwork)","Intermediate test: a Hong Kong resident aged 18 or above","Skilled test: at least four years of relevant experience, or one year after the intermediate certificate","Registration under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance with a card shown on site"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手起步","titleEn":"Starting as an apprentice or helper","stepsZh":["跟師傅做模板助手，累積開料、裝嵌同拆模經驗","報考建造業議會中級工藝測試認證手藝","累積最少四年經驗後報考技能測試","按《建造業工人註冊條例》註冊並獨立承接工序"],"stepsEn":["Work as a formwork helper to gain experience in cutting, erecting and striking","Take the CIC intermediate trade test to certify the craft","After at least four years, take the skilled trade test","Register under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance and carry out tasks independently"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"院校訓練起步","titleEn":"Starting through a training programme","stepsZh":["修讀建造業相關文憑或證書課程並完成學徒訓練","在工作累積模板設計同施工經驗","報考工藝測試並註冊為建造業工人"],"stepsEn":["Study a construction diploma or certificate and complete an apprenticeship","Build experience of formwork design and construction on site","Take the trade test and register as a construction worker"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"模板學徒／助手","titleEn":"Formwork apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"模板工（師傅）","titleEn":"Formworker (tradesman)"},{"titleZh":"模板管工","titleEn":"Formwork foreman"},{"titleZh":"模板承建商負責人","titleEn":"Formwork contractor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"模板學徒／助手","titleEn":"Formwork apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"模板工（師傅）","titleEn":"Formworker (tradesman)"},{"titleZh":"模板管工","titleEn":"Formwork foreman"},{"titleZh":"模板承建商負責人","titleEn":"Formwork contractor"}],"sourceIds":["careers-formworker-1","careers-formworker-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"fund-manager","titleZh":"基金經理","titleEn":"Fund manager","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"基金經理管理基金投資組合，研究市場同公司、決定買賣、控制風險同向投資者交代表現；喺香港代客管理資產屬受規管活動，公司同相關人員須獲證監會發牌，負責人員仲要符合法定嘅勝任能力要求。","ledeEn":"A fund manager runs a fund portfolio, researching markets and making buy and sell decisions, controlling risk and reporting to investors. Managing assets for others is a regulated activity in Hong Kong, so the firm and its people must be SFC-licensed and competent.","bodyZh":"喺香港，代客管理證券或期貨合約投資組合屬《證券及期貨條例》下嘅第9類受規管活動（資產管理）。除非獲豁免，持牌法團要為每項受規管活動委任最少兩名獲證監會批准嘅負責人員，其中最少一名須為執行董事，呢個就係基金經理職位最硬嘅入行關卡：唔係個人考一張牌就得，而係整間公司同相關人員都要通過發牌同批准。\n\n勝任能力方面，證監會規定負責人員除學歷外，要有相關行業經驗同管理經驗，並通過本地監管架構考試。一般而言，負責人員須持相關學位、喺過去六年內有三年相關行業經驗，並有兩年管理經驗；前線從業員亦要符合相應嘅學歷、經驗同考試要求。申請人同相關人士仲要符合「適當人選」準則，包括財政狀況、聲譽、品格同誠信。\n\n日常工作係研究宏觀經濟、行業同個別公司，決定買賣同資產配置，控制集中度、流動性同槓桿等風險，並透過報告同客戶會議交代表現。基金表現同市場週期關係好大，表現差會面對贖回同客戶流失，所以除投資判斷力，仲要識同投資者同銷售團隊溝通。","bodyEn":"In Hong Kong, managing a portfolio of securities or futures contracts for others is a Type 9 regulated activity (asset management) under the Securities and Futures Ordinance. Unless exempt, a licensed corporation must appoint at least two responsible officers approved by the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) for each regulated activity, at least one of whom must be an executive director. That is the hardest entry barrier for a fund manager: it is not enough for an individual to hold a licence - the firm and the individuals concerned must be licensed and approved.\n\nOn competence, the SFC requires responsible officers to have relevant industry and management experience and to pass a local regulatory framework examination, on top of academic qualifications. As a general guide, a responsible officer holds a relevant degree, has three years of relevant industry experience within the past six years and two years of management experience; front-line representatives must also meet the corresponding academic, experience and examination requirements. Applicants and relevant persons must also satisfy the 'fit and proper' criteria, covering financial status, reputation, character and integrity.\n\nThe daily work is researching the macro economy, industries and individual companies, deciding trades and asset allocation, controlling risks such as concentration, liquidity and leverage, and reporting performance through reports and client meetings. Fund performance is closely tied to the market cycle, and poor performance brings redemptions and client losses, so marketing and investor communication matter alongside investment judgement.","sections":[{"titleZh":"第9類受規管活動同發牌","titleEn":"Type 9 regulated activity and licensing","bodyZh":"代客管理證券或期貨合約投資組合，屬《證券及期貨條例》下嘅第9類受規管活動。持牌法團要為每項受規管活動委任最少兩名經證監會批准嘅負責人員，其中最少一名須為執行董事；亦即入行關卡落喺公司同人員嘅發牌同批准，而唔係單一考核。牌照按受規管活動類別發出，公司同個人嘅資歷、經驗同誠信都要符合準則。","bodyEn":"Managing a portfolio of securities or futures contracts for others is a Type 9 regulated activity under the Securities and Futures Ordinance. A licensed corporation must appoint at least two SFC-approved responsible officers for each regulated activity, with at least one an executive director, so the entry barrier rests on licensing and approval of the firm and its people rather than a single examination. Licences are granted by the type of regulated activity, and both the firm and the individual must meet the criteria on qualifications, experience and integrity."},{"titleZh":"負責人員嘅勝任能力","titleEn":"Competence requirements for responsible officers","bodyZh":"證監會要求負責人員具備適當學歷、相關行業經驗同管理經驗，並通過本地監管架構考試；一般而言要有相關學位、過去六年內三年相關行業經驗同兩年管理經驗。前線從業員亦有相應要求，申請人同相關人士仲要通過「適當人選」準則，涵蓋財政狀況、聲譽同誠信。呢啲要求要持續維持，並非一次過審批。","bodyEn":"The SFC requires responsible officers to have appropriate academic qualifications, relevant industry experience and management experience, and to pass a local regulatory framework examination; a common guide is a relevant degree, three years of relevant industry experience within the past six years and two years of management experience. Front-line representatives have corresponding requirements, and applicants and relevant persons must also pass the 'fit and proper' criteria covering financial status, reputation and integrity. These requirements must be maintained, not met only once at approval."},{"titleZh":"日常職務同壓力","titleEn":"Day-to-day work and pressure","bodyZh":"基金經理研究宏觀經濟、行業同個別公司，決定買賣同配置，控制集中度、流動性同槓桿風險，並向投資者交代表現。業績同市場週期關係密切，表現差會引嚟贖回同客戶流失，所以除投資判斷，市場推廣同客戶溝通同樣關鍵，工作節奏亦跟住開市時間同季度表現檢視而變，同時要遵守監管機構嘅操守同披露要求。","bodyEn":"A fund manager researches the macro economy, industries and individual companies, decides trades and allocation, controls concentration, liquidity and leverage risk, and reports performance to investors. Results are closely tied to the market cycle, so poor performance brings redemptions and client losses, and marketing and client communication are as important as investment judgement. The working rhythm follows market hours and quarterly performance reviews, and the pressure is felt most when markets fall and investors want explanations. Client-facing meetings and reporting obligations also make the role far more than pure stock-picking."}],"payBasisZh":"薪酬由受僱嘅持牌法團按自己嘅薪酬同獎金制度決定，證監會同政府並無訂立基金經理嘅法定薪級；表現掛鈎嘅花紅常見，金額由僱主同市場決定。","payBasisEn":"Pay is set by the employing licensed corporation under its own salary and bonus structure. The SFC and the Government set no statutory pay scale for fund managers; performance-linked bonuses are common, with amounts decided by the employer and the market.","entryZh":["公司須獲證監會發牌或註冊，經營第9類（資產管理）受規管活動","每項受規管活動最少兩名經證監會批准嘅負責人員","最少一名負責人員須為執行董事","負責人員須有相關學歷、行業經驗（一般三年）同管理經驗（一般兩年）","通過本地監管架構考試並符合「適當人選」準則"],"entryEn":["The firm must be licensed or registered by the SFC for Type 9 (asset management) regulated activity","At least two SFC-approved responsible officers for each regulated activity","At least one responsible officer must be an executive director","Responsible officers need relevant academic qualifications, industry experience (commonly three years) and management experience (commonly two years)","Passing a local regulatory framework examination and meeting the 'fit and proper' criteria"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由分析員升至基金經理","titleEn":"From analyst to fund manager","stepsZh":["修讀金融、經濟或相關學位","入券商或資產管理公司做分析員或交易員","符合學歷、經驗並通過監管考試取得牌照","累積投資紀錄後升任基金經理","符合管理經驗後申請成為負責人員"],"stepsEn":["Study a degree in finance, economics or a related field","Join a broker or asset manager as an analyst or trader","Meet the academic and experience requirements and pass the regulatory examination to be licensed","Move up to fund manager after building an investment track record","Apply to become a responsible officer once the management experience is met"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"由其他金融崗位轉職","titleEn":"Moving across from another financial role","stepsZh":["在銀行、保險或研究機構累積投資相關經驗","補足監管考試同相關學歷要求","轉到持牌資產管理公司做基金經理或助理"],"stepsEn":["Build investment-related experience in banking, insurance or research","Complete the regulatory examination and any missing academic requirements","Move into a licensed asset manager as a fund manager or assistant"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"投資分析員","titleEn":"Investment analyst"},{"titleZh":"助理基金經理","titleEn":"Assistant fund manager"},{"titleZh":"基金經理","titleEn":"Fund manager"},{"titleZh":"高級基金經理／投資總監","titleEn":"Senior fund manager / head of investments"},{"titleZh":"負責人員","titleEn":"Responsible officer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"投資分析員","titleEn":"Investment analyst"},{"titleZh":"助理基金經理","titleEn":"Assistant fund manager"},{"titleZh":"基金經理","titleEn":"Fund manager"},{"titleZh":"高級基金經理／投資總監","titleEn":"Senior fund manager / head of investments"},{"titleZh":"負責人員","titleEn":"Responsible officer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-fund-manager-1","careers-fund-manager-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"gas-installer","titleZh":"註冊氣體裝置技工","titleEn":"Registered gas installer","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"註冊氣體裝置技工安裝同維修住宅及商業氣體裝置，包括喉管、爐具同熱水爐，並做漏氣測試同安全檢查；香港法例規定只有註冊氣體裝置技工先可以做氣體裝置工程，而且必須受僱於註冊氣體工程承辦商。","ledeEn":"A registered gas installer installs and repairs domestic and commercial gas appliances, including pipework, cookers and water heaters, and carries out leak testing and safety checks. Hong Kong law allows only registered gas installers, employed by registered gas contractors, to carry out gas installation work.","bodyZh":"根據《氣體安全（氣體裝置技工及氣體工程承辦商註冊）規例》（第51章），只有向機電工程署註冊嘅氣體裝置技工先可以親自做氣體裝置工程，而且佢哋必須受僱於註冊氣體工程承辦商。「氣體裝置工程」涵蓋氣體喉管同用具嘅製造、接駁、拆除、測試、調試、維修同更換等，所以呢個係硬性嘅法定關卡，唔可以無牌做。\n\n規例界定八個註冊類別，由住宅平頭爐、住宅供氣分喉同用戶喉，到非住宅裝置同工業工序用氣體裝置都有；申請人可按需要申請多過一個類別。每個類別都有訂明資歷，例如須完成職業訓練局嘅指定氣體應用單元課程，並具備相應嘅實際工作經驗，年期由三個月到二十四個月不等，視類別而定。\n\n申請人向機電工程署遞交申請表並繳付申請費，獲批後獲發註冊卡；日後更改註冊類別、退休等情況要把卡交回。日常工作包括安裝同接駁煤氣或石油氣喉管、爐具同熱水爐，檢查同確保通風，做漏氣同安全測試；因為涉及生命安全，工序同紀錄都要按安全規定處理。","bodyEn":"Under the Gas Safety (Registration of Gas Installers and Gas Contractors) Regulations (Cap. 51), only gas installers registered with the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD) may personally carry out gas installation work, and they must be employed by a registered gas contractor. 'Gas installation work' covers the fabrication, connection, disconnection, testing, commissioning, maintenance, repair and replacement of gas pipework and appliances, so this is a hard statutory barrier - the work cannot be done unregistered.\n\nThe regulations set out eight classes of registration, from domestic single-bottle cookers and residential service pipes and consumer pipes, through non-domestic installations, to gas appliances used as part of an industrial process. An applicant may apply for any number of classes. Each class has prescribed qualifications, for example completion of specified Vocational Training Council gas application module courses together with the corresponding practical experience, which ranges from three months to twenty-four months depending on the class.\n\nApplicants submit a form and pay a fee to the EMSD, and a registration card is issued on approval; the card is returned when the holder changes registration class, retires or in other specified circumstances. The daily work includes installing and connecting town gas or LPG pipework, cookers and water heaters, checking ventilation, and carrying out leak and safety tests. Because life safety is involved, procedures and records must follow the safety requirements.","sections":[{"titleZh":"法定註冊制度","titleEn":"The statutory registration regime","bodyZh":"根據《氣體安全（氣體裝置技工及氣體工程承辦商註冊）規例》（第51章），只有註冊氣體裝置技工先可以親自做氣體裝置工程，而且必須受僱於註冊氣體工程承辦商。工程涵蓋喉管同用具嘅製造、接駁、拆除、測試、調試、維修同更換，所以冇註冊就唔可以合法施工。註冊技工亦須遵守相關氣體安全守則，並只可在其註冊類別範圍內施工。","bodyEn":"Under the Gas Safety (Registration of Gas Installers and Gas Contractors) Regulations (Cap. 51), only a registered gas installer may personally carry out gas installation work, and the installer must be employed by a registered gas contractor. The work covers the fabrication, connection, disconnection, testing, commissioning, maintenance, repair and replacement of pipework and appliances, so work cannot lawfully be done without registration. This is a hard statutory barrier enforced by the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department. Registration is therefore a precondition for any hands-on gas work, not an optional credential."},{"titleZh":"八個類別同訂明資歷","titleEn":"Eight classes and prescribed qualifications","bodyZh":"規例界定八個註冊類別，由住宅平頭爐、住宅供氣分喉同用戶喉，到非住宅裝置同工業工序用氣體裝置都有，申請人可按需要申請多過一個。每類都有訂明資歷，例如完成職業訓練局指定嘅氣體應用單元課程，加埋三至二十四個月嘅相關實際工作經驗，視類別而定。申請多個類別可以擴大可以承接嘅工序。","bodyEn":"The regulations define eight classes of registration, covering domestic single-bottle cookers, residential service and consumer pipes, non-domestic installations and gas appliances used in industrial processes, and an applicant may apply for more than one. Each class has prescribed qualifications, such as specified Vocational Training Council gas application modules plus three to twenty-four months of relevant practical experience, depending on the class. Holding more than one class widens the range of work the installer may personally carry out, so many tradesmen build up several classes over time."},{"titleZh":"申請程序同日常工作","titleEn":"Application process and daily work","bodyZh":"申請人向機電工程署遞交表格並繳費，獲批後獲發註冊卡，日後更改類別或退休要把卡交回。日常工作包括安裝同接駁煤氣或石油氣喉管、爐具同熱水爐，檢查同確保通風，做漏氣同安全測試。因為涉及生命安全，工序、紀錄同測試結果都要按安全規定處理同保存；違規施工除觸犯法例，亦可能危及用戶同公眾安全。","bodyEn":"Applicants submit a form and pay a fee to the EMSD and receive a registration card on approval, returning the card when changing class or retiring. The daily work includes installing and connecting town gas or LPG pipework, cookers and water heaters, checking and securing ventilation, and doing leak and safety tests. Because life safety is involved, procedures, records and test results must follow the safety requirements and be kept, and working without registration breaches the law and can endanger both users and the public."}],"payBasisZh":"薪酬由僱主（註冊氣體工程承辦商）按行業慣例同經驗決定，香港冇為氣體裝置技工訂立法定薪級；機電工程署只收申請費，唔規定工資金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay is decided by the employer (the registered gas contractor) according to trade practice and experience, and Hong Kong sets no statutory pay scale for gas installers; the EMSD charges only an application fee and does not prescribe wage levels.","entryZh":["須向機電工程署註冊為氣體裝置技工","必須受僱於註冊氣體工程承辦商","按類別完成職業訓練局指定嘅氣體應用單元課程","具備各類別訂明嘅實際工作經驗（三至二十四個月）","可按需要同時申請多個註冊類別"],"entryEn":["Registration as a gas installer with the EMSD","Employment by a registered gas contractor","Completion of the specified VTC gas application modules for the chosen class","The practical experience prescribed for each class (three to twenty-four months)","May apply for more than one registration class as needed"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由氣體行業學徒到註冊技工","titleEn":"From gas trade apprentice to registered installer","stepsZh":["入職氣體工程承辦商做學徒或助手","修讀職業訓練局嘅氣體應用單元課程","累積類別所訂嘅實際工作經驗","向機電工程署申請註冊並取得註冊卡"],"stepsEn":["Join a gas contractor as an apprentice or helper","Complete the Vocational Training Council's gas application modules","Build the practical experience required for the class","Apply to the EMSD for registration and obtain the card"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"擴大註冊類別","titleEn":"Widening the registration classes","stepsZh":["在已註冊類別累積工作經驗","修讀其他類別所需嘅氣體應用單元課程","累積新類別嘅訂明經驗並申請更改註冊證明書"],"stepsEn":["Build experience in a class already held","Complete the additional gas application modules for other classes","Gain the prescribed experience and apply to amend the registration certificate"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手","titleEn":"Apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"註冊氣體裝置技工","titleEn":"Registered gas installer"},{"titleZh":"高級技工／組長","titleEn":"Senior installer / team leader"},{"titleZh":"氣體工程承辦商負責人","titleEn":"Gas contractor (additional contractor registration)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／助手","titleEn":"Apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"註冊氣體裝置技工","titleEn":"Registered gas installer"},{"titleZh":"高級技工／組長","titleEn":"Senior installer / team leader"},{"titleZh":"氣體工程承辦商負責人","titleEn":"Gas contractor (additional contractor registration)"}],"sourceIds":["careers-gas-installer-1","careers-gas-installer-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"geotechnical-engineer","titleZh":"岩土工程師","titleEn":"Geotechnical engineer","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"岩土工程師研究土壤同岩石特性，設計地基、擋土牆、樁基同斜坡防護，並評估山泥傾瀉風險；香港嘅私人建築工程圖則，通常要由註冊專業工程師（岩土界別）再註冊成為註冊岩土工程師先可以提交。","ledeEn":"A geotechnical engineer studies soil and rock to design foundations, retaining walls, piling and slope protection and to assess landslide risk. Private building works in Hong Kong generally need plans by a registered geotechnical engineer, first registered as a professional engineer in that discipline.","bodyZh":"喺香港，涉及建築工程嘅岩土設計同監督，須由註冊岩土工程師負責。根據《建築物條例》，註冊岩土工程師嘅訂明資格係註冊專業工程師（岩土工程界別），並須喺申請日期前三年內、有連續一年喺香港取得註冊事務委員會認為適當嘅實際經驗。註冊專業工程師嘅名冊由工程師註冊管理局按《工程師註冊條例》設立同維持，申請人要通過所屬註冊事務委員會嘅專業面試先獲推薦。\n\n要註冊為註冊專業工程師（岩土界別），一般先要成為香港工程師學會嘅會員。學會嘅岩土界別有補充要求，例如申請人須完成最少十二個月嘅地盤岩土工程師經驗，其中最少六個月喺中型項目地盤連續全職駐守，唔多過四個月可以係監督地面勘察，並須提交專業能力報告同文件組合，證明做過設計、合約文件同監管等工作。\n\n日常工作包括做地面勘察、分析土壤同岩石參數同地下水，設計地基、樁、擋土結構同斜坡防護，評估山泥傾瀉風險，並喺施工期間監察。香港山多、雨季暴雨頻繁，斜坡安全同地基設計關係公眾安全，所以設計要按相關守則同岩土標準，並經審批先可以施工。","bodyEn":"In Hong Kong, geotechnical design and supervision of building works must be handled by a registered geotechnical engineer. Under the Buildings Ordinance, the prescribed qualification for a registered geotechnical engineer is registration as a registered professional engineer in the geotechnical discipline, together with one continuous year of practical experience in Hong Kong within the three years before the application that the Registration Committee considers appropriate. The register of registered professional engineers is set up and maintained by the Engineers Registration Board under the Engineers Registration Ordinance, and applicants must pass a professional interview with the relevant registration committee before being recommended.\n\nRegistration as a registered professional engineer (geotechnical discipline) normally begins with membership of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. The institution's geotechnical discipline has supplementary requirements: for example, the candidate should normally have completed twelve months of geotechnical engineer experience on site, at least six months of it continuous full-time residence on a medium-sized construction site, with no more than four months supervising ground investigations, and must submit a professional competence report and document package showing design, contract document and supervision work.\n\nThe daily work includes ground investigation, analysis of soil and rock parameters and groundwater, design of foundations, piles, retaining structures and slope protection, assessment of landslide risk, and monitoring during construction. Hong Kong is hilly with heavy wet-season rain, and slope safety and foundation design affect public safety, so designs must follow the relevant codes and geotechnical standards and gain approval before construction.","sections":[{"titleZh":"註冊岩土工程師嘅法定要求","titleEn":"What the law requires","bodyZh":"《建築物條例》下，註冊岩土工程師嘅訂明資格係註冊專業工程師（岩土工程界別），並須喺申請日期前三年內有連續一年香港認可嘅實際經驗。申請要向屋宇署遞交表格同輔證文件，經岩土工程師註冊事務委員會專業面試後先獲推薦名列名冊，名冊由工程師註冊管理局按《工程師註冊條例》設立。","bodyEn":"Under the Buildings Ordinance, the prescribed qualification for a registered geotechnical engineer is registration as a registered professional engineer in the geotechnical discipline, plus one continuous year of recognised Hong Kong experience within the three years before applying. An application is lodged with the Buildings Department with supporting documents and, after a professional interview by the Geotechnical Engineers Registration Committee, the applicant may be recommended for the register, which the Engineers Registration Board maintains under the Engineers Registration Ordinance. The register protects the public by ensuring only qualified engineers sign off such designs."},{"titleZh":"學會會員再到註冊工程師","titleEn":"From institution membership to registered engineer","bodyZh":"要註冊為註冊專業工程師（岩土界別），一般先成為香港工程師學會會員。學會岩土界別要求最少十二個月地盤岩土工程師經驗，其中最少六個月喺中型項目地盤連續全職駐守，唔多過四個月做地面勘察監督，並須提交專業能力報告同文件組合，證明設計、合約同監管經驗。成為學會會員後，可向工程師註冊管理局申請成為註冊專業工程師。","bodyEn":"Registration as a registered professional engineer (geotechnical) normally starts with membership of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. The geotechnical discipline requires at least twelve months of on-site geotechnical engineer experience, at least six months of it continuous full-time residence on a medium-sized project site, no more than four months supervising ground investigations, and a professional competence report and document package evidencing design, contract and supervision work. A candidate who cannot yet meet these requirements must keep working under supervision until the record is complete."},{"titleZh":"設計工作同斜坡風險","titleEn":"Design work and slope risk","bodyZh":"日常工作包括地面勘察、分析土壤岩石同地下水、設計地基、樁、擋土結構同斜坡防護，評估山泥傾瀉風險，並喺施工期間監察。香港山多、暴雨頻繁，斜坡同地基牽涉公眾安全，所以設計要按守則同岩土標準，並經審批先可以施工；山泥傾瀉同地下水問題係日常要持續評估嘅風險，以確保周邊建築物同設施安全。","bodyEn":"The daily work covers ground investigation, analysis of soil, rock and groundwater, design of foundations, piles, retaining structures and slope protection, assessment of landslide risk and monitoring during construction. Hong Kong is hilly with frequent heavy rain, and slopes and foundations affect public safety, so designs must follow the codes and geotechnical standards and gain approval before construction. Landslides and groundwater remain risks that must be assessed continually, and engineers often attend site to check that construction matches the approved design."}],"payBasisZh":"薪酬由僱主（工程顧問、承建商或政府）按職位同經驗決定；政府內部嘅工程師職位按公務員薪級，私人市場則無官方薪級表適用於全行。","payBasisEn":"Pay is decided by the employer (consultant, contractor or government) according to the post and experience; engineering posts inside government follow the civil service pay scale, while the private market has no official pay scale covering the whole profession.","entryZh":["先成為香港工程師學會（岩土界別）會員","註冊專業工程師（岩土工程界別）","最少十二個月地盤岩土工程師經驗，其中最少六個月連續駐地盤","註冊岩土工程師須有申請前三年內連續一年香港經驗","須經岩土工程師註冊事務委員會專業面試推薦"],"entryEn":["First become a member of the HKIE (geotechnical discipline)","Registration as a registered professional engineer (geotechnical discipline)","At least twelve months of on-site geotechnical engineer experience, at least six months continuous on site","Registered geotechnical engineers need one continuous year of Hong Kong experience within the three years before applying","Recommendation after a professional interview by the Geotechnical Engineers Registration Committee"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"大學工程學位起步","titleEn":"Starting from a university engineering degree","stepsZh":["修讀認可嘅土木／岩土工程學位","完成學會 Scheme A 訓練或同等在職訓練，累積地盤岩土經驗","通過學會評審成為會員（岩土界別）","向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師","累積香港經驗後向屋宇署申請註冊為註冊岩土工程師"],"stepsEn":["Study an accredited civil or geotechnical engineering degree","Complete HKIE Scheme A training or equivalent on-the-job training and build site geotechnical experience","Pass the institution's assessment to become a member in the geotechnical discipline","Register as a registered professional engineer with the Engineers Registration Board","Apply to the Buildings Department to become a registered geotechnical engineer after gaining Hong Kong experience"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"由相關界別轉入岩土","titleEn":"Moving into geotechnical work from a related discipline","stepsZh":["以土木或結構工程資歷入行，累積地盤同設計經驗","補足岩土界別要求嘅地盤經驗同報告","經學會評審後再辦註冊專業工程師同註冊岩土工程師"],"stepsEn":["Start with a civil or structural engineering qualification and build site and design experience","Meet the geotechnical discipline's site experience and reporting requirements","After the institution's assessment, obtain registered professional engineer and registered geotechnical engineer status"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"助理岩土工程師","titleEn":"Assistant geotechnical engineer"},{"titleZh":"岩土工程師","titleEn":"Geotechnical engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級岩土工程師","titleEn":"Senior geotechnical engineer"},{"titleZh":"首席／總岩土工程師","titleEn":"Principal / chief geotechnical engineer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"助理岩土工程師","titleEn":"Assistant geotechnical engineer"},{"titleZh":"岩土工程師","titleEn":"Geotechnical engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級岩土工程師","titleEn":"Senior geotechnical engineer"},{"titleZh":"首席／總岩土工程師","titleEn":"Principal / chief geotechnical engineer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-geotechnical-engineer-1","careers-geotechnical-engineer-2","careers-geotechnical-engineer-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"gfs-aircraft-technician","titleZh":"政府飛行服務隊飛機技術員","titleEn":"Government Flying Service Aircraft Technician","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"政府飛行服務隊飛機技術員為隊內直升機同定翼機做日常檢查、維修同故障排除，確保機隊隨時出動救援；入職要持飛機維修或相關工程證書或完成認可技術員學徒訓練，屬須輪班嘅紀律部隊職位。","ledeEn":"A Government Flying Service aircraft technician inspects, maintains, refuels and fault-finds the service's helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft so the fleet is ready to launch rescue missions. Entry needs an aircraft maintenance or related engineering certificate or a recognised technician apprenticeship; the post involves shift work.","bodyZh":"政府飛行服務隊要隨時出動做搜索救援、醫療運送同警務支援，所以飛機技術員嘅核心工作係維持機隊嘅適航狀態同待命能力。佢哋為直升機同定翼機做日常同定期檢查、維修、改裝、加油同故障排除，並按部門嘅維修程序同紀錄制度執行，確保每架飛機都隨時候命。\n\n部門公布嘅入職條件係：持有香港理工學院／理工大學或香港專業教育學院／科技學院／工業學院頒發嘅飛機維修或相關工程系證書，或完成有關行業嘅認可技術員學徒訓練（或同等資歷）；具備相關行業知識；香港中學文憑或香港中學會考英國語文科第二級或以上並能以中文溝通；服從紀律同願意輪班；以及係香港特別行政區永久性居民。甄選包括筆試、面試、品格審查同體格檢驗。\n\n訓練同晉升方面，部門會提供課堂同在職培訓，內容包括同飛行服務隊運作相關嘅一般飛機維修課程同針對唔同機種嘅特別課程；表現合適嘅技術員會獲安排訓練，協助佢哋考取航空器維修執照。職系由飛機技術員做起到飛機技術主任、高級飛機技術主任同總飛機技術主任。輪班同隨時候命係常態，因為救援任務唔分日夜。","bodyEn":"The Government Flying Service (GFS) must launch search and rescue, air ambulance and police-support missions at any time, so the core of the aircraft technician's job is keeping the fleet airworthy and ready. Technicians carry out daily and scheduled inspections, maintenance, modification, refuelling and fault-finding on helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, following the department's maintenance procedures and record-keeping so that every aircraft is on standby.\n\nThe published entry requirements are: a certificate from a Hong Kong polytechnic or polytechnic university, or a Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education, technical college or technical institute, in aircraft maintenance or a related engineering discipline, or completion of a related approved technician apprenticeship or equivalent; knowledge of the relevant trade; Level 2 or above in English Language in the HKDSE or HKCEE and the ability to communicate in Chinese; willingness to accept discipline and work shifts; and permanent residency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Selection includes a written examination, an interview, integrity checking and a medical examination.\n\nOn training and progression, the department provides classroom and on-the-job training covering general aircraft maintenance related to GFS operations and aircraft type-specific courses, and suitable technicians are given training to help them obtain a Hong Kong aircraft maintenance licence. The grade runs from aircraft technician up through aircraft technical officer, senior aircraft technical officer and chief aircraft technical officer. Shift work and standby are the norm, because rescue missions do not stop at night.","sections":[{"titleZh":"維持機隊待命","titleEn":"Keeping the fleet on standby","bodyZh":"飛機技術員為直升機同定翼機做日常同定期檢查、維修、改裝、加油同故障排除，確保機隊隨時可以出動救援。工作按部門嘅維修程序同紀錄制度執行，因為一個小故障都可能令救援任務無法起飛，所以準確、依程序同完整紀錄係工作嘅底線。技術員亦要同機組同工程人員協調，跟進零件同工具，令維修可以按時完成。","bodyEn":"Aircraft technicians carry out daily and scheduled inspections, maintenance, modification, refuelling and fault-finding on helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft so the fleet is always ready to launch. Work follows the department's maintenance procedures and record-keeping, because even a minor fault can stop a rescue from taking off, so accuracy, following procedure and complete records are the baseline. Technicians also co-ordinate with aircrew and engineering staff and track parts and tools so that maintenance is completed on time and the aircraft returned to service when promised."},{"titleZh":"入職條件同甄選","titleEn":"Entry requirements and selection","bodyZh":"入職要求持飛機維修或相關工程系證書，或完成認可技術員學徒訓練（或同等資歷）；具備相關行業知識；文憑試或會考英國語文科第二級或以上並能以中文溝通；服從紀律同願意輪班；以及係香港特別行政區永久性居民；獲聘後須接受相關保安同安全訓練。甄選過程包括筆試、面試、品格審查同體格檢驗。","bodyEn":"Entry requires a certificate in aircraft maintenance or a related engineering discipline, or completion of a recognised technician apprenticeship (or equivalent); knowledge of the relevant trade; Level 2 or above in English in the HKDSE or HKCEE and the ability to communicate in Chinese; acceptance of discipline and shift work; and permanent residency of the Hong Kong SAR. Selection includes a written examination, an interview, integrity checking and a medical examination. The bar is set so that every technician can work safely and independently on the fleet."},{"titleZh":"培訓同晉升階梯","titleEn":"Training and progression","bodyZh":"部門提供課堂同在職培訓，涵蓋同飛行服務隊運作相關嘅一般飛機維修課程同針對唔同機種嘅特別課程，並挑選合適技術員接受訓練以考取航空器維修執照。職系由飛機技術員做起到飛機技術主任、高級飛機技術主任同總飛機技術主任；由於救援不分日夜，輪班同隨時候命係工作常態，技術員亦要持續更新各機種嘅維修知識。","bodyEn":"The department provides classroom and on-the-job training covering general aircraft maintenance related to GFS operations and type-specific courses, and selects suitable technicians for training towards a Hong Kong aircraft maintenance licence. The grade runs from aircraft technician to aircraft technical officer, senior aircraft technical officer and chief aircraft technical officer. As rescue work continues day and night, shift work and standby are the norm, and technicians must keep their knowledge of each aircraft type current as the fleet changes over time."}],"payBasisZh":"薪酬按公務員紀律人員（員佐級／主任級）薪級表釐定，由相關規例同公務員事務局決定；本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay follows the civil service disciplined services (rank-and-file and officer) pay scales, determined by the relevant regulations and the Civil Service Bureau; no specific figures are published here.","entryZh":["持飛機維修或相關工程系證書，或完成認可技術員學徒訓練（或同等資歷）","具備相關行業知識","文憑試／會考英國語文科第二級或以上，並能以中文溝通","服從紀律、願意輪班","須為香港特別行政區永久性居民"],"entryEn":["A certificate in aircraft maintenance or a related engineering discipline, or completion of a recognised technician apprenticeship (or equivalent)","Knowledge of the relevant trade","Level 2 or above in English in the HKDSE or HKCEE and the ability to communicate in Chinese","Acceptance of discipline and willingness to work shifts","Permanent residency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由證書或學徒訓練起步","titleEn":"Starting from a certificate or apprenticeship","stepsZh":["修讀飛機維修或相關工程證書課程，或完成認可技術員學徒訓練","投考政府飛行服務隊飛機技術員","通過筆試、面試、品格審查同體格檢驗","接受課堂及在職培訓，並可考取航空器維修執照"],"stepsEn":["Study an aircraft maintenance or related engineering certificate, or complete a recognised technician apprenticeship","Apply for the aircraft technician post in the Government Flying Service","Pass the written examination, interview, integrity checking and medical examination","Undergo classroom and on-the-job training and work towards a Hong Kong aircraft maintenance licence"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"由其他飛機維修機構轉職","titleEn":"Moving across from another maintenance organisation","stepsZh":["喺航空公司或維修機構累積飛機維修經驗","投考政府飛行服務隊飛機技術員","入職後接受針對隊內機種嘅特別訓練"],"stepsEn":["Build aircraft maintenance experience with an airline or maintenance organisation","Apply for the aircraft technician post in the Government Flying Service","Take the GFS aircraft type-specific training after joining"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"飛機技術員","titleEn":"Aircraft technician"},{"titleZh":"飛機技術主任","titleEn":"Aircraft technical officer"},{"titleZh":"高級飛機技術主任","titleEn":"Senior aircraft technical officer"},{"titleZh":"總飛機技術主任","titleEn":"Chief aircraft technical officer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"飛機技術員","titleEn":"Aircraft technician"},{"titleZh":"飛機技術主任","titleEn":"Aircraft technical officer"},{"titleZh":"高級飛機技術主任","titleEn":"Senior aircraft technical officer"},{"titleZh":"總飛機技術主任","titleEn":"Chief aircraft technical officer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-gfs-aircraft-technician-1","careers-gfs-aircraft-technician-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"gfs-pilot","titleZh":"政府飛行服務隊機師","titleEn":"Government Flying Service Pilot","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"政府飛行服務隊機師喺山嶺、海上同市區執行搜索救援、醫療運送同警務支援，常要應付惡劣天氣同夜間飛行；入職由見習機師做起，通過體檢、筆試同能力傾向測驗後，會獲派海外接受十四個月飛行訓練。","ledeEn":"A Government Flying Service pilot flies search and rescue, air ambulance and police-support missions over hills and sea, in poor weather and at night. Entry starts as a cadet pilot; after medical, written and aptitude tests, recruits are sent overseas for fourteen months of training.","bodyZh":"政府飛行服務隊機師要喺山嶺、海上同市區執行搜索救援、空中救護、警務支援同滅火等飛行服務，惡劣天氣同夜間飛行係工作常態，部分任務仲要用特別器材同做吊運。香港山多海闊嘅地形，令低空同山區飛行嘅難度同風險都高，所以飛行員要長期保持高標準嘅技術同判斷。\n\n入職關卡係：香港中學文憑五科達第三級（包括英國語文）或同等學歷；英文語文能力達第三級；按國際民用航空組織標準通過體格檢驗並有良好視力（須符合民航處一級體檢）；通過機師技術筆試同機師能力傾向測驗；《基本法》測試及格；良好英語溝通能力、團隊精神、服從紀律同願意輪班；以及係香港特別行政區永久性居民。甄選過程包括筆試、能力傾向測驗、任務型評估、體格檢驗、最後面試同品格審查。\n\n訓練同晉升方面，獲取錄嘅見習機師會編入定翼機組或直升機組，並獲派往海外飛行訓練學校接受十四個月嘅專業機師基本訓練，完成課程同考試後取得商業機師執照；回港後接受連串提升訓練，逐步成為副機師同機長。部門指出一般要約十年培訓同飛行經驗先成為機長，在職期間要按民航條例定期接受考核同訓練。","bodyEn":"Government Flying Service (GFS) pilots fly search and rescue, air ambulance, police support and firefighting missions over hills, sea and city. Bad weather and night flying are routine, and some missions use specialised equipment and winching. Hong Kong's hilly, sea-fringed terrain makes low-level and mountain flying demanding and risky, so pilots must maintain high standards of skill and judgement over a long career.\n\nThe entry requirements are: Level 3 in five subjects, including English Language, in the HKDSE, or equivalent; Level 3 or above in English Language; passing a medical examination in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization standards with good vision (a Civil Aviation Department Class One medical certificate); passing a pilot technical written test and a pilot aptitude test; a pass in the Basic Law Test; good communication skills in English, a team spirit, acceptance of discipline and willingness to work shifts; and permanent residency of the Hong Kong SAR. Selection covers a written examination, an aptitude test, a task-based assessment, a medical examination, a final interview and integrity checking.\n\nOn training and progression, cadet pilots are assigned to the fixed-wing or helicopter stream and sent to an overseas flight training institute for a fourteen-month course of basic professional pilot training, returning with a Commercial Pilot's Licence after passing the course and examinations. Back in Hong Kong they go through conversion training to become co-pilots and then commanders. The department notes that it takes about ten years of training and operational experience to become a fully-fledged commander, and pilots undergo regular checks and training under the Civil Aviation Regulations throughout their careers.","sections":[{"titleZh":"任務性質同風險","titleEn":"The nature of the missions","bodyZh":"機師要喺山嶺、海上同市區執行搜索救援、空中救護、警務支援同滅火，部分任務要用特別器材同做吊運。惡劣天氣同夜間飛行係常態，香港山多海闊令低空同山區飛行嘅難度同風險都高，所以飛行員要喺壓力下保持高標準嘅技術同判斷。救援任務往往時間緊迫，機組要喺有限資訊下迅速判斷，並同地面隊伍緊密配合。","bodyEn":"Pilots fly search and rescue, air ambulance, police support and firefighting missions over hills, sea and city, some using specialised equipment and winching. Bad weather and night flying are routine, and Hong Kong's hilly, sea-fringed terrain makes low-level and mountain flying demanding and risky, so pilots must keep high standards of skill and judgement under pressure. Rescue missions are often urgent, and crews have to make quick decisions on limited information while working closely with ground teams and controllers to find and recover casualties safely."},{"titleZh":"入職條件同甄選","titleEn":"Entry requirements and selection","bodyZh":"入職要求文憑試五科達第三級（含英國語文）或同等學歷、英文能力達第三級，符合民航處一級體檢並有良好視力，通過機師技術筆試同能力傾向測驗，《基本法》測試及格，具備良好英語同團隊精神、服從紀律同願意輪班，以及係香港特別行政區永久性居民。甄選包括筆試、能力傾向測驗、任務型評估、體檢同最後面試。","bodyEn":"Entry requires Level 3 in five HKDSE subjects including English or equivalent, Level 3 in English, a CAD Class One medical with good vision, passing a pilot technical written test and an aptitude test, a pass in the Basic Law Test, good English, a team spirit, acceptance of discipline and willingness to work shifts, and permanent residency of the Hong Kong SAR. Selection includes a written examination, an aptitude test, a task-based assessment, a medical examination and a final interview."},{"titleZh":"訓練同成為機長之路","titleEn":"Training and the road to commander","bodyZh":"見習機師會編入定翼機組或直升機組，獲派往海外接受十四個月嘅專業機師基本訓練，完成課程同考試後取得商業機師執照；回港後接受連串提升訓練，逐步成為副機師同機長。部門指一般要約十年培訓同飛行經驗先成為機長，在職期間要按民航條例定期接受考核同訓練，同時累積實際飛行時數。","bodyEn":"Cadet pilots are assigned to the fixed-wing or helicopter stream and sent overseas for a fourteen-month course of basic professional pilot training, returning with a Commercial Pilot's Licence after passing the course and examinations. Back in Hong Kong they go through a series of conversion courses to become co-pilots and then commanders. The department notes that it takes about ten years of training and operational experience to become a commander, and pilots undergo regular checks and training under the Civil Aviation Regulations."}],"payBasisZh":"薪酬按公務員紀律人員薪級表釐定，由相關規例同公務員事務局決定；本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay follows the civil service disciplined services pay scales, determined by the relevant regulations and the Civil Service Bureau; no specific figures are published here.","entryZh":["文憑試五科達第三級（包括英國語文）或同等學歷","符合民航處一級體檢要求並有良好視力","通過機師技術筆試同機師能力傾向測驗","《基本法》測試及格","良好英語、團隊精神、服從紀律同願意輪班","須為香港特別行政區永久性居民"],"entryEn":["Level 3 in five HKDSE subjects including English Language, or equivalent","Meeting the CAD Class One medical requirements with good vision","Passing a pilot technical written test and a pilot aptitude test","A pass in the Basic Law Test","Good English, a team spirit, acceptance of discipline and willingness to work shifts","Permanent residency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"見習機師起步","titleEn":"Starting as a cadet pilot","stepsZh":["符合學歷同民航處一級體檢要求","通過筆試、能力傾向測驗、任務型評估、體格檢驗同最後面試","獲聘為見習機師並獲派海外受訓十四個月","取得商業機師執照，回港接受提升訓練"],"stepsEn":["Meet the academic and CAD Class One medical requirements","Pass the written examination, aptitude test, task-based assessment, medical examination and final interview","Be appointed as a cadet pilot and sent overseas for fourteen months of training","Obtain a Commercial Pilot's Licence and return to Hong Kong for conversion training"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"由持牌飛行員轉職","titleEn":"Moving across as a licensed pilot","stepsZh":["持商業機師執照並累積飛行時數","投考政府飛行服務隊並通過甄選同體檢","入職後接受隊內機種同任務訓練"],"stepsEn":["Hold a Commercial Pilot's Licence and accumulate flying hours","Apply to the Government Flying Service and pass selection and the medical examination","Undergo GFS aircraft type and mission training after joining"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習機師","titleEn":"Cadet pilot"},{"titleZh":"二級機師","titleEn":"Pilot II"},{"titleZh":"一級機師","titleEn":"Pilot I"},{"titleZh":"高級機師","titleEn":"Senior pilot"},{"titleZh":"總機師","titleEn":"Chief pilot"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習機師","titleEn":"Cadet pilot"},{"titleZh":"二級機師","titleEn":"Pilot II"},{"titleZh":"一級機師","titleEn":"Pilot I"},{"titleZh":"高級機師","titleEn":"Senior pilot"},{"titleZh":"總機師","titleEn":"Chief pilot"}],"sourceIds":["careers-gfs-pilot-1","careers-gfs-pilot-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"government-chemist","titleZh":"政府化驗師","titleEn":"Government Chemist","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"政府化驗師喺政府化驗所為執法同規管部門做化驗分析，涵蓋食物、藥物、毒理同法證樣本，並撰寫報告同出庭作專家證供；入職屬專業職系，須持化學、生物化學或法證科學等榮譽學位同相關碩士或兩年經驗。","ledeEn":"A Government Chemist analyses samples for law enforcement and regulatory departments, covering food, drug, toxicology and forensic work, writes reports and gives expert evidence in court. Entry is into the professional grade, needing an honours degree plus a master's degree or two years of experience.","bodyZh":"政府化驗所為各執法同規管部門提供科學分析同專家意見，化驗師要處理食物、藥物、環境樣本、毒理同法證樣本等，撰寫報告，並在有需要時以專家身分出庭作供。分析結果往往直接影響執法或規管決定，所以工作講求準確、可追溯同嚴謹嘅質量管理。\n\n化驗師係政府化驗所專業職系嘅入職級別，基本入職條件係：持有本港大學化學、生物化學／生物科技（或相關學科）或法證科學一級或二級榮譽學士學位，並持相關碩士學位；或持相關榮譽學士學位同兩年相關畢業後經驗。學士學位須以相關學科為主修（修畢學分或試卷超過一半）。另外須通過綜合招聘考試能力傾向測試、兩張語文試卷達第一級，同《基本法及香港國安法》測試及格。\n\n職系架構方面，政府化驗所科技員工分專業職系同技術員職系：專業職系以化驗師為入職級別，技術員職系則以二級技術員為入職級別，後者要求化學科技文憑同中英文第二級。招聘透過政府職位空缺查詢系統或報章廣告進行，屬公務員職位，政府化驗師更係部門首長。","bodyEn":"The Government Laboratory provides scientific analysis and expert opinion to law enforcement and regulatory departments. Chemists handle food, drug, environmental, toxicology and forensic samples, write reports and, when required, give expert evidence in court. Because the results can directly shape enforcement or regulatory decisions, the work demands accuracy, traceability and rigorous quality management.\n\nChemist is the entry rank of the laboratory's professional grade. The basic entry requirements are a first or second class honours degree in chemistry, biochemistry/biotechnology (or a related discipline) or forensic science from a Hong Kong university, together with a relevant master's degree; or a relevant honours degree with two years of relevant post-graduate experience. For the bachelor's degree, the relevant subject must be the major (more than half of the credits or papers taken). Applicants must also pass the Aptitude Test of the Common Recruitment Examination, reach Level 1 in the two language papers, and pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test.\n\nAs for structure, the laboratory employs scientific staff in two grades: the professional grade, with Chemist as the entry rank, and the technical grade, with Science Laboratory Technician II as the entry rank, the latter requiring a diploma in chemical technology and Level 2 in Chinese and English. Recruitment is through the Government Vacancies Enquiry System or newspaper advertisements, on civil service terms, and the department is headed by the Government Chemist.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍同專家證供","titleEn":"Scope of work and expert evidence","bodyZh":"政府化驗師為執法同規管部門做化驗分析，涵蓋食物、藥物、環境、毒理同法證樣本，並撰寫報告，有需要時以專家身分出庭作供。分析結果往往直接影響執法或規管決定，所以實驗室工作講求準確、可追溯同嚴謹嘅質量管理，樣本處理同紀錄都要依程序。化驗所亦要持續通過能力驗證同質量認可，維持結果嘅公信力。","bodyEn":"Government Chemists analyse samples for law enforcement and regulatory departments, covering food, drug, environmental, toxicology and forensic work, write reports and give expert evidence in court when needed. Because results can directly shape enforcement or regulatory decisions, laboratory work demands accuracy, traceability and rigorous quality management, and both sample handling and records must follow procedure. The laboratory also takes part in proficiency testing and quality accreditation to keep its results credible and defensible in court. Samples often arrive under chain-of-custody rules, so every step is documented."},{"titleZh":"化驗師嘅入職條件","titleEn":"Entry requirements for the Chemist rank","bodyZh":"入職須持相關一級或二級榮譽學士學位，加相關碩士學位；或持學士學位加兩年相關畢業後經驗，學士學位須以化學、生物化學／生物科技或法證科學為主修。另外要通過綜合招聘考試能力傾向測試、兩張語文試卷達第一級，同《基本法及香港國安法》測試及格。入職後亦要持續進修，跟上分析技術同儀器嘅發展。","bodyEn":"Entry requires a relevant first or second class honours bachelor's degree plus a relevant master's degree, or a relevant bachelor's degree plus two years of relevant post-graduate experience, with the bachelor's degree taken in chemistry, biochemistry/biotechnology or forensic science as the major. Applicants must also pass the Aptitude Test of the Common Recruitment Examination, reach Level 1 in the two language papers, and pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Chemists are expected to keep learning as instruments and methods advance."},{"titleZh":"職系架構同招聘","titleEn":"Grade structure and recruitment","bodyZh":"政府化驗所科技員工分兩個職系：專業職系以化驗師為入職級別，技術員職系以二級技術員為入職級別，後者要求化學科技文憑同中英文第二級。招聘透過政府職位空缺查詢系統或報章廣告進行，屬公務員職位；政府化驗所由政府化驗師領導，歷史超過一百四十年。部門亦會通過在職培訓同輪調，讓化驗師接觸唔同範疇。","bodyEn":"The laboratory's scientific staff fall into two grades: the professional grade, entering as Chemist, and the technical grade, entering as Science Laboratory Technician II, the latter requiring a diploma in chemical technology and Level 2 in Chinese and English. Recruitment is through the Government Vacancies Enquiry System or newspaper advertisements on civil service terms, and the laboratory, dating back more than 140 years, is headed by the Government Chemist. In-service training and rotation let chemists gain experience across different areas of analysis over a career."}],"payBasisZh":"薪酬按公務員薪級表（總薪級表／相關薪級）釐定，由公務員事務局決定；本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay follows the civil service pay scales (the master pay scale or the relevant scale), determined by the Civil Service Bureau; no specific figures are published here.","entryZh":["化學、生物化學／生物科技或法證科學一級或二級榮譽學士學位","持相關碩士學位；或持學士學位及兩年相關畢業後經驗","學士學位須以相關學科為主修科目","綜合招聘考試能力傾向測試及格、中英文語文試卷達第一級","《基本法及香港國安法》測試及格","須為香港特別行政區永久性居民"],"entryEn":["A first or second class honours bachelor's degree in chemistry, biochemistry/biotechnology or forensic science","A relevant master's degree; or a bachelor's degree plus two years of relevant post-graduate experience","The relevant subject must be the major of the bachelor's degree","A pass in the Aptitude Test and Level 1 in the two language papers of the Common Recruitment Examination","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Permanent residency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由化學或法證學位入職","titleEn":"Entering with a chemistry or forensic science degree","stepsZh":["修讀化學、生物化學或法證科學等相關榮譽學位","攻讀相關碩士學位，或累積兩年相關工作經驗","通過綜合招聘考試同《基本法及香港國安法》測試","投考政府化驗所化驗師職位"],"stepsEn":["Study a relevant honours degree in chemistry, biochemistry or forensic science","Take a relevant master's degree, or build two years of relevant experience","Pass the Common Recruitment Examination and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Apply for the Chemist post in the Government Laboratory"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"由技術員職系晉升","titleEn":"Progressing up from the technical grade","stepsZh":["以化學科技文憑入職二級技術員","在實驗室累積分析經驗並持續進修","考取學位同相關資歷後申請化驗師職位"],"stepsEn":["Join as Science Laboratory Technician II with a chemical technology diploma","Build analytical experience in the laboratory and keep studying","Obtain a degree and relevant qualifications, then apply for the Chemist post"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"化驗師","titleEn":"Chemist"},{"titleZh":"高級化驗師","titleEn":"Senior chemist"},{"titleZh":"首席化驗師","titleEn":"Chief chemist"},{"titleZh":"政府化驗師","titleEn":"Government chemist"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"化驗師","titleEn":"Chemist"},{"titleZh":"高級化驗師","titleEn":"Senior chemist"},{"titleZh":"首席化驗師","titleEn":"Chief chemist"},{"titleZh":"政府化驗師","titleEn":"Government chemist"}],"sourceIds":["careers-government-chemist-1","careers-government-chemist-2","careers-government-chemist-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"government-veterinarian","titleZh":"政府獸醫","titleEn":"Government Veterinarian","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"政府獸醫係漁農自然護理署嘅公務員獸醫職位，負責調查同防控動物疾病及人畜共通病、執行進出口檢疫同動物福利工作；入職先要按《獸醫註冊條例》在香港註冊，再通過公務員招聘取得職位。","ledeEn":"A government veterinarian is a civil-service post in the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, investigating and controlling animal diseases and zoonoses, running import and export quarantine and enforcing animal welfare; entry requires Hong Kong registration under the Veterinary Surgeons Registration Ordinance and civil-service selection.","bodyZh":"政府獸醫嘅官方職銜係「獸醫主任」（Veterinary Officer），主要派駐漁農自然護理署。職責包括調查、診斷、控制同預防動物疾病及人畜共通病，監察同提升動物福利，檢驗進出口動物同動物產品，以及執行相關法例嘅發牌同執法工作。日常工作會走訪農場、寵物店、進出口檢疫設施同化驗室，亦要處理禽流感等重大動物疫症嘅防控。\n\n入職有兩重關卡。第一重係專業註冊：香港法例規定，任何人要提供獸醫服務或施行獸醫手術，必須按《獸醫註冊條例》（第529章）向獸醫管理局註冊，並持有有效執業證明書；註冊要求持有管理局認可嘅獸醫學歷。第二重係公務員招聘：獸醫主任屬公務員職位，申請人除要有可在香港註冊嘅獸醫資格外，亦須在中學文憑考試或會考中國語文科同英國語文科考獲第2級或以上（或同等），並通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。\n\n呢個職位嘅特點，係獸醫專業同執法身份並重：佢哋唔單止醫動物，亦要巡查、搜證、發通知同檢控，涉及大量文書同跨部門協作。香港每年註冊獸醫數目有限，而政府獸醫空缺往往吸引眾多申請者，競爭激烈。有意入行者，一般先完成認可獸醫課程、取得註冊，再留意公務員事務局同漁農自然護理署嘅招聘公告。晉升方面，獸醫主任之上有高級獸醫師同首席獸醫師等職級。","bodyEn":"Government veterinarians hold the official title of Veterinary Officer and are mainly deployed to the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department. Duties cover investigating, diagnosing, controlling and preventing animal diseases and zoonoses, monitoring and improving animal welfare, inspecting animals and animal products for import and export, and licensing and enforcing the relevant legislation. The work takes them to farms, pet shops, quarantine facilities and laboratories, and includes outbreak control for diseases such as avian influenza.\n\nEntry has two gates. The first is professional registration: Hong Kong law requires anyone providing veterinary services or performing veterinary surgery to be registered with the Veterinary Surgeons Board and to hold a valid practising certificate under the Veterinary Surgeons Registration Ordinance (Cap. 529), which requires a recognised veterinary qualification. The second is civil-service recruitment, since the post is a civil-service vacancy: applicants need a registrable veterinary qualification, Level 2 or above in Chinese and English in the HKDSEE or HKCEE (or equivalent), and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test.\n\nThe distinctive point is that the role carries both a veterinary and an enforcement identity: these officers do not only treat animals but also patrol, gather evidence, issue notices and prosecute, with heavy paperwork and cross-departmental work. Because the number of registered veterinarians is limited and government posts attract many applicants, competition is strong. Most hopefuls first complete a recognised veterinary degree, register, then watch recruitment notices from the Civil Service Bureau and AFCD. Above Veterinary Officer sit grades such as Senior Veterinary Officer and Principal Veterinary Officer.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：專業同執法並重","titleEn":"The job: clinical work and enforcement","bodyZh":"獸醫主任一日做啲乜，好視乎派去邊個組別：進出口組要檢查動物同動物產品、簽發衞生證明同處理檢疫；動物衞生組專責農場同禽畜疫病監控、疫情調查同疫苗接種；動物管理組就會處理流浪動物、動物福利個案同牌照巡查。無論邊一組，都要寫大量紀錄同報告，並可能要出庭作供。遇上禽流感、非洲豬瘟等重大疫情，更要隨時候命、通宵工作，同衞生署、食安中心等部門協調。想做呢行，除咗醫術，仲要捱得住執法同文書工作。","bodyEn":"What a Veterinary Officer does depends heavily on the division: the import and export side inspects animals and animal products, issues health certificates and handles quarantine; the animal health side monitors farm and livestock disease, investigates outbreaks and runs vaccination; the animal management side deals with stray animals, welfare cases and licence inspections. Whichever division, there is heavy record-keeping and reporting, and officers may have to give evidence in court. During major outbreaks such as avian influenza or African swine fever, they may be on call around the clock and coordinate with the Department of Health and the Centre for Food Safety. The job needs clinical skill plus stamina for enforcement and paperwork."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：獸醫註冊條例","titleEn":"The gate: veterinary registration","bodyZh":"香港對獸醫執業有法定註冊要求。《獸醫註冊條例》規定，除非已註冊並持有有效執業證明書，任何人不得施行獸醫手術或提供獸醫服務。首次註冊要向獸醫管理局申請，學歷須在管理局認可名單之內；非本地學歷一般要經審核，部分情況下仲要完成指定臨床訓練或通過指定考試。註冊同執業證明書都有年期，到期要續期。至於政府嘅獸醫主任職位，係另一重關卡——要經公務員事務局嘅招聘程序，包括語文能力要求同《基本法及香港國安法》測試。","bodyEn":"Practising veterinary medicine in Hong Kong is governed by statutory registration. The Veterinary Surgeons Registration Ordinance provides that, unless a person is registered and holds a valid practising certificate, they may not perform veterinary surgery or provide veterinary services. First registration is made to the Veterinary Surgeons Board, and the qualification must appear on the Board's recognised list; non-local qualifications are usually assessed, and in some cases the applicant must complete designated clinical training or pass specified examinations. Both registration and the practising certificate run for fixed terms and must be renewed. For the government post there is a second gate: selection through the Civil Service Bureau, including language requirements and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"香港獸醫職位主要集中喺漁農自然護理署、食物安全中心同私人寵物診所。政府獸醫嘅好處係工作穩定、有完整公務員福利同清晰職級；代價係要接受調派、輪值同處理執法個案。私人市場方面，近年寵物診所同專科診所增多，對獸醫需求上升。無論係政府定私人路線，最大關卡都係「註冊」——冇註冊就唔可以執業。想入政府做獸醫，通常先讀完認可課程、取得註冊，再等空缺；想快啲接觸臨床，私人診所嘅招聘節奏會較靈活。","bodyEn":"Veterinary jobs in Hong Kong are concentrated in the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Centre for Food Safety and private pet clinics. A government post offers stability, full civil-service benefits and a clear grade structure, at the cost of deployments, shift duties and enforcement cases. In the private market, the number of pet and specialist clinics has grown in recent years, raising demand for veterinarians. On either path the single biggest gate is registration — without it, no one may practise. Those aiming for government usually finish a recognised programme, register, then wait for a vacancy, while those who want clinical exposure sooner often find private clinics recruit more flexibly."}],"payBasisZh":"獸醫主任係公務員職位，薪酬按政府總薪級表所屬薪點釐定，由公務員事務局依職級同服務年資規定並定期調整；私人市場則由僱主（診所或機構）自行決定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"The Veterinary Officer post is a civil-service position, so pay follows the relevant points on the Government's Master Pay Scale, set by the Civil Service Bureau according to rank and years of service and adjusted periodically; in the private market the employer (a clinic or organisation) sets pay. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["持有可在香港根據《獸醫註冊條例》註冊嘅獸醫學歷","已向獸醫管理局註冊並持有效執業證明書","在中學文憑考試或會考中國語文科同英國語文科考獲第2級或以上（或同等）","通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試","通過公務員招聘程序（面試等），並能接受調派同輪值"],"entryEn":["A veterinary qualification registrable in Hong Kong under the Veterinary Surgeons Registration Ordinance","Registration with the Veterinary Surgeons Board and a valid practising certificate","Level 2 or above in Chinese and English in the HKDSEE or HKCEE (or equivalent)","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Success in civil-service recruitment, and willingness to accept deployments and shift work"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"認可獸醫課程 → 註冊 → 投考政府職位","titleEn":"Recognised degree → registration → government post","stepsZh":["完成獸醫管理局認可嘅獸醫課程（本地或海外，學歷須經審核）","向獸醫管理局申請首次註冊並取得執業證明書","留意公務員事務局同漁農自然護理署嘅獸醫主任空缺","通過招聘面試同《基本法及香港國安法》測試後入職"],"stepsEn":["Complete a Veterinary Surgeons Board-recognised veterinary programme (local or overseas, subject to assessment)","Apply for first registration with the Board and obtain a practising certificate","Watch for Veterinary Officer vacancies from the Civil Service Bureau and AFCD","Join after passing recruitment interviews and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"獸醫主任","titleEn":"Veterinary Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級獸醫師","titleEn":"Senior Veterinary Officer"},{"titleZh":"首席獸醫師","titleEn":"Principal Veterinary Officer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"獸醫主任","titleEn":"Veterinary Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級獸醫師","titleEn":"Senior Veterinary Officer"},{"titleZh":"首席獸醫師","titleEn":"Principal Veterinary Officer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-government-veterinarian-1","careers-government-veterinarian-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"health-worker","titleZh":"保健員","titleEn":"Health worker (care home)","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"保健員喺安老院同殘疾人士院舍照顧長者起居，包括餵食、扶抱、量度生命徵象同協助派藥；法例規定非護養院院舍唔可以僱用未註冊保健員做保健員工作，入行要先完成社署批准嘅訓練課程並向社署註冊。","ledeEn":"Health workers care for residents in elderly and disabled persons' care homes — feeding, lifting and transferring, taking vital signs and helping with medication; the law bars care homes from employing unregistered health workers, so entry requires a Social Welfare Department-approved training course and registration.","bodyZh":"保健員嘅工作圍繞院舍住客嘅日常照顧：協助餵食、扶抱同轉移、量度體溫同血壓等生命徵象、做簡單傷口護理、協助派藥，並要觀察住客身體狀況變化、記錄同向護士或主管報告。呢啲工作睇落簡單，但涉及大量體力、耐性同觀察力，亦要識得分辨幾時要即時求助。多數院舍都要輪班，假日同夜更尤其吃緊。\n\n入行有一個硬關卡。《安老院規例》同《殘疾人士院舍規例》規定，非護養院嘅安老院／殘疾人士院舍營辦人，不得僱用並非註冊保健員嘅人做保健員。要註冊，一般要先完成一項由社會福利署署長書面批准嘅保健員訓練課程（例如「保健員統一訓練課程」，屬資歷架構第三級），再經「院舍專職人員註冊系統」向社署申請。課程有最低入讀要求，通常要完成中五或同等學歷；未達標者亦可先完成「護理員進階訓練證書課程」再銜接。\n\n註冊並非一次過：由2024年6月起，所有註冊保健員如要繼續在院舍任職，都要按規定續期，並要在指定時限內提交續期申請。業界一直面對人手緊張同流失率高嘅問題，社署嘅顧問研究亦建議為院舍護理人員設立新嘅專業職級，為保健員提供晉升階梯。換句話講，呢行雖然辛苦，但隨住院舍需求上升，專業化同晉升空間正逐步改善。","bodyEn":"A health worker's day revolves around the daily care of care-home residents: helping with feeding, lifting and transferring, taking vital signs such as temperature and blood pressure, doing simple wound care, assisting with medication, and observing, recording and reporting changes in a resident's condition to the nurse or officer in charge. The tasks look simple but demand stamina, patience and observation, and the judgement to know when to call for help immediately. Most homes run shifts, with holidays and night duties especially stretched.\n\nThere is a hard gate at entry. The Residential Care Homes (Elderly Persons) Regulation and the Residential Care Homes (Persons with Disabilities) Regulation provide that the operator of a non-nursing home may not employ anyone who is not a registered health worker as a health worker. To register, a person normally first completes a health worker training course approved in writing by the Director of Social Welfare — such as the Health Worker Training Course at Qualifications Framework Level 3 — and then applies to SWD through the Residential Care Home Staff Registration System. Courses have minimum entry requirements, usually completion of Secondary 5 or equivalent, and those who do not meet them may first complete the Certificate in Progression Training for Care Workers as a bridging step.\n\nRegistration is not a one-off: since June 2024, all registered health workers who want to continue in a home must renew their registration, submitting the application within a set window. The sector has long faced manpower shortages and high turnover, and an SWD consultancy study has recommended a new professional rank for residential care nursing staff to create a progression ladder for health workers. In short, the work is demanding, but with rising demand for care places, professionalisation and advancement are gradually improving.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：體力同觀察並重","titleEn":"The job: hands-on care and observation","bodyZh":"保健員係院舍前線照顧嘅主力：幫住客起身、過床、扶抱同轉移，協助進食同個人衞生，量度生命徵象，做簡單傷口護理，並在護士指示下協助派藥。佢哋亦係最早發現異樣嘅人——例如住客食慾變差、精神轉弱、皮膚出現壓瘡前期徵狀，都要即時記錄同報告。工作要輪班，一更往往負責十幾甚至更多住客，體力消耗大之餘，仲要兼顧情緒支援同家屬溝通。","bodyEn":"Health workers are the frontline of hands-on care in a home: helping residents get up, transfer and move, assisting with eating and personal hygiene, taking vital signs, doing simple wound care and helping with medication under a nurse's direction. They are also often the first to notice changes — a resident eating less, becoming more withdrawn, or showing early signs of a pressure sore — and must record and report these. The job is shift-based, with one shift often covering more than a dozen residents, so it is physically demanding while also involving emotional support and communication with families."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：規例規定要註冊","titleEn":"The gate: registration is required by law","bodyZh":"《安老院規例》同《殘疾人士院舍規例》規定，非護養院嘅院舍營辦人不得僱用非註冊保健員嘅人做保健員，所以「先註冊、後入職」係硬性要求。取得註冊有兩條途徑：完成由社署署長書面批准嘅保健員訓練課程；或者憑申請人喺保健工作方面嘅教育、訓練、專業經驗同技能，令署長信納其適合註冊。實務上，大部分人係先修讀獲批准嘅課程，再由培訓機構協助經「院舍專職人員註冊系統」申請。","bodyEn":"The Residential Care Homes (Elderly Persons) Regulation and the Residential Care Homes (Persons with Disabilities) Regulation bar a non-nursing home operator from employing anyone who is not a registered health worker as a health worker, which makes \"registered first, then employed\" a firm requirement. There are two routes to registration: completing a health worker training course approved in writing by the Director of Social Welfare, or satisfying the Director, through one's education, training, professional experience and skill in health work, that one is fit to be registered. In practice, most people study an approved course first and then apply through the Residential Care Home Staff Registration System, with help from the training institute."},{"titleZh":"註冊續期同行業前景","titleEn":"Renewal and career prospects","bodyZh":"由2024年6月16日起，註冊保健員如要繼續在院舍任職，必須按規定續期，註冊屆滿前約三至六個月內要提交續期申請；社署亦會分階段通知喺2024年6月前已註冊嘅保健員辦理續期。行業前景方面，社署嘅顧問研究建議增設「護理保健師」新專業職級，專責院舍護理工作，既可回應人手需求，亦為保健員提供向上流動嘅台階。長遠睇，隨住人口老化同院舍服務需求上升，受過正式訓練同持有註冊嘅保健員會較有議價能力。","bodyEn":"Since 16 June 2024, registered health workers who want to keep working in a home must renew their registration, submitting the application roughly three to six months before it expires; SWD is also phasing in renewal notifications for those registered before June 2024. On prospects, an SWD consultancy study has proposed a new professional rank, the \"care practitioner\", dedicated to nursing work in homes, which would respond to manpower needs and give health workers a step up. Longer term, with an ageing population and rising demand for residential care, formally trained and registered health workers should have more bargaining power."}],"payBasisZh":"保健員薪酬無官方薪級，由院舍營辦人（僱主）按職位、更制同經驗自行決定；不同院舍差異可以很大。本站不列月薪估算。","payBasisEn":"There is no official pay scale for health workers; pay is set by the home operator (the employer) according to the post, shift pattern and experience, and can vary widely between homes. This site does not estimate a monthly figure.","entryZh":["完成社會福利署署長書面批准嘅保健員訓練課程（如「保健員統一訓練課程」）","課程一般要求完成中五或同等學歷","未達學歷者完成「護理員進階訓練證書課程」後可銜接保健員課程","經「院舍專職人員註冊系統」向社署申請註冊","入職後須按規定為註冊辦理續期"],"entryEn":["Completion of a health worker training course approved in writing by the Director of Social Welfare (e.g. the Health Worker Training Course)","Course entry normally requires completion of Secondary 5 or equivalent","Those without the academic requirement may first take the Certificate in Progression Training for Care Workers","Apply to SWD for registration through the Residential Care Home Staff Registration System","Renew registration as required once employed"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"保健員訓練課程 → 註冊","titleEn":"Training course → registration","stepsZh":["報讀由社署署長批准嘅保健員訓練課程（符合最低入讀要求）","完成課程並通過評核","經培訓機構協助，透過「院舍專職人員註冊系統」向社署申請註冊","受僱於安老院或殘疾人士院舍，並按規定為註冊續期"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in an SWD-approved health worker training course meeting the minimum entry requirements","Complete the course and pass the assessment","With the institute's help, apply for registration to SWD via the Residential Care Home Staff Registration System","Take up a post in an elderly or disabled persons' care home and renew registration as required"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"未達學歷：先做護理員再銜接","titleEn":"Below the threshold: start as a care worker","stepsZh":["在安老院或殘疾人士院舍任職護理員不少於三年（並完成中三課程）","報讀「護理員進階訓練證書課程」","完成後報讀保健員訓練課程","取得資格後申請註冊為保健員"],"stepsEn":["Work as a care worker in an elderly or disabled persons' home for at least three years (having completed Secondary 3)","Take the Certificate in Progression Training for Care Workers","Then enrol in a health worker training course","Apply for registration as a health worker once qualified"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"護理員","titleEn":"Care Worker"},{"titleZh":"保健員","titleEn":"Health Worker"},{"titleZh":"護理保健師（建議新設專業職級）","titleEn":"Care Practitioner (proposed new professional rank)"},{"titleZh":"院舍主管／主管護士","titleEn":"Home Manager / Nurse-in-charge"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"護理員","titleEn":"Care Worker"},{"titleZh":"保健員","titleEn":"Health Worker"},{"titleZh":"護理保健師（建議新設專業職級）","titleEn":"Care Practitioner (proposed new professional rank)"},{"titleZh":"院舍主管／主管護士","titleEn":"Home Manager / Nurse-in-charge"}],"sourceIds":["careers-health-worker-1","careers-health-worker-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"helicopter-pilot","titleZh":"直升機機師","titleEn":"Helicopter pilot","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"直升機機師執行吊運、空中拍攝、電力線巡查同包機任務，需要精確操控同持續天氣判斷；香港由民航處發出機師執照，商用直升機機師須考取商用機師執照（CPL(H)），並符合飛行時數同體檢要求。","ledeEn":"Helicopter pilots carry out lifting, aerial filming, powerline patrol and charter missions, needing precise control and constant weather judgement; Hong Kong pilot licences are issued by the Civil Aviation Department, and a commercial helicopter pilot must hold a CPL(H) and meet flying-hour and medical requirements.","bodyZh":"直升機機師嘅工作，同定期航班機師好唔同。佢哋多數喺商用直升機公司、政府飛行服務隊或者私人機構任職，做吊運、空中拍攝、電力線同管道巡查、觀光飛行或者私人包機。直升機嘅特點係可以在有限場地、甚至高樓天台起降，操控要非常精細，同時要不停判斷風向、風速、能見度同天氣變化。任務往往一程得幾分鐘到幾十分鐘，但事前準備同風險評估一樣唔少。\n\n入行關卡係執照。香港嘅飛行員執照由民航處嘅人員執照事務處代民航處處長簽發。私人飛行要先取得私人機師執照（PPL(H)）：年滿17歲、持有效二級體檢證書，並完成至少40小時飛行時數，通過理論試同飛行測試。要「搵食」做商用機師，就要再考商用機師執照（CPL(H)）：年滿18歲、持一級體檢證書，累積最少185小時飛行時數，並通過一系列理論試、通用飛行測試同相關等級試。\n\n直升機機師喺香港屬小眾行業，職位數目有限，多數由公司內部培訓或者由海外機師轉換執照而來。想入行，常見做法係先自費到海外飛行學校考取 PPL(H) 同 CPL(H)，再返港轉換為香港執照；亦有人先加入政府飛行服務隊嘅相關職系。由於飛行時數係硬指標，而香港可供累積時數嘅機會有限，呢一行嘅入行成本同時間都相當高，屬於典型「窄門」職業。","bodyEn":"Helicopter flying is quite different from airline flying. Most helicopter pilots work for commercial helicopter operators, the Government Flying Service or private organisations, doing lifting, aerial filming, powerline and pipeline patrols, sightseeing flights or private charters. Helicopters can land in confined sites and even on rooftops, so control must be very precise while weather, wind speed and visibility are judged continuously. A task may last only minutes, but the preparation and risk assessment are substantial.\n\nThe gate is the licence. Hong Kong pilot licences are issued by the Personnel Licensing Office of the Civil Aviation Department on behalf of the Director-General of Civil Aviation. Private flying starts with a Private Pilot's Licence (PPL(H)): minimum age 17, a valid Class 2 medical certificate, at least 40 flying hours, and passes in the theoretical examinations and flight test. To fly for remuneration you then need a Commercial Pilot's Licence (CPL(H)): minimum age 18, a Class 1 medical certificate, at least 185 flying hours, and a series of theoretical examinations, a General Flight Test and the relevant rating tests.\n\nHelicopter piloting is a niche field in Hong Kong with a limited number of posts, most of them filled through in-house training or by overseas pilots converting their licences. The common route is to self-fund PPL(H) and CPL(H) training at an overseas flying school and then convert the licence in Hong Kong, while others first join the Government Flying Service's related grades. Because flying hours are a hard threshold and local opportunities to build them are limited, the cost and time to enter are high, making this a classic narrow-gate occupation.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：吊運、巡查同包機","titleEn":"The job: lifting, patrols and charters","bodyZh":"直升機任務五花八門：有啲係幫電力公司巡查輸電線、幫工程吊運物料，有啲係空中拍攝、地質或環境調查，亦有觀光飛行同私人包機。同固定翼飛機唔同，直升機經常要喺市區、山頭或者離岸平台低空作業，要應付亂流、地形同人為障礙物。機師除了操控，仲要負責載重同平衡計算、燃油規劃、風險評估同同地面人員溝通，任何一環出錯都可能好危險。","bodyEn":"Helicopter missions vary widely: patrolling powerlines for utilities, lifting materials for construction, aerial filming, geological or environmental survey, sightseeing flights and private charters. Unlike fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters often work at low level over the city, hills or offshore platforms, dealing with turbulence, terrain and man-made obstacles. Beyond flying, pilots handle weight-and-balance calculations, fuel planning, risk assessment and coordination with ground crews, and an error in any of these can be dangerous. Missions may be short, but each one is planned and briefed in advance."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：民航處機師執照","titleEn":"The gate: CAD pilot licensing","bodyZh":"香港嘅飛行員執照制度由民航處按《1995年飛航（香港）令》執行。直升機機師由私人執照（PPL(H)）起步，進到商用執照（CPL(H)）先可以收取報酬飛行，再上係航空運輸機師執照（ATPL(H)）。除咗飛行時數，申請人仲要通過理論知識考試同飛行測試、持有效體檢證書，並可能要通過儀表等級等測試。民航處嘅《CAD 54》訂明各級執照嘅詳細要求，申請經人員執照事務處辦理。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong's pilot licensing regime is administered by the Civil Aviation Department under the Air Navigation (Hong Kong) Order 1995. Helicopter pilots start with a Private Pilot's Licence (PPL(H)), move to a Commercial Pilot's Licence (CPL(H)) to fly for remuneration, and then to an Airline Transport Pilot's Licence (ATPL(H)). Beyond flying hours, applicants must pass theoretical knowledge examinations and flight tests, hold a valid medical certificate and may need to pass tests such as the Instrument Rating. The detailed requirements for each licence are set out in the CAD's CAD 54, with applications handled by the Personnel Licensing Office."},{"titleZh":"行業實況：小眾同高門檻","titleEn":"Industry reality: niche and high-threshold","bodyZh":"直升機機師唔似民航機師有大批機組職位，香港市場細、僱主少，空缺多數靠業內人脈同內部培訓填補。自費考牌成本高昂，而且香港本地訓練機會有限，好多人要赴海外學飛。即使拎到執照，仲要靠累積時數同類型資格先有競爭力。呢種「窄門」特性，令呢行入行者通常本身對航空有強烈興趣同一定經濟條件，唔係人人可以隨時轉行入去。","bodyEn":"Unlike airline pilots, helicopter pilots do not have a large pool of crew posts; the Hong Kong market is small with few employers, and vacancies tend to be filled through industry contacts and in-house training. Self-funded training is expensive, and local training opportunities are limited, so many people learn to fly overseas. Even with a licence, pilots need accumulated hours and type ratings to remain competitive. This narrow-gate nature means entrants usually have a strong personal interest in aviation and some financial means, and it is not a field anyone can switch into on a whim."}],"payBasisZh":"商用直升機機師嘅薪酬由僱主（直升機營運公司或機構）自行決定，無官方薪級；如任職政府飛行服務隊，則按其所屬公務員／紀律部隊職系嘅薪級釐定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay for commercial helicopter pilots is set by the employer (a helicopter operator or organisation) with no official pay scale; those in the Government Flying Service are paid according to their civil-service or disciplined-services grade. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["年滿17歲、持有效香港二級體檢證書，可考私人機師執照（PPL(H)）","PPL(H) 要求最少40小時飛行時數，並通過理論試同飛行測試","商用機師執照（CPL(H)）要求年滿18歲、持一級體檢證書","CPL(H) 要求最少185小時飛行時數，並通過理論試、通用飛行測試同相關等級試","持有海外執照者可按民航處安排轉換為香港執照"],"entryEn":["Aged 17 or above with a valid Hong Kong Class 2 medical certificate for a PPL(H)","PPL(H) requires at least 40 flying hours plus theoretical examinations and a flight test","CPL(H) requires a minimum age of 18 and a Class 1 medical certificate","CPL(H) requires at least 185 flying hours plus theoretical examinations, a General Flight Test and rating tests","Holders of overseas licences may convert to a Hong Kong licence under CAD arrangements"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"海外學飛 → 轉換香港執照","titleEn":"Train overseas → convert to a Hong Kong licence","stepsZh":["自費入讀海外飛行學校，考取 PPL(H)","累積飛行時數，考取 CPL(H)","返港按民航處要求申請轉換為香港執照","應徵商用直升機公司或相關機構"],"stepsEn":["Self-fund training at an overseas flying school and obtain a PPL(H)","Build flying hours and obtain a CPL(H)","Apply to convert to a Hong Kong licence as required by CAD","Apply to commercial helicopter operators or related organisations"],"sourceIds":[]},{"titleZh":"加入政府飛行服務隊相關職系","titleEn":"Join the Government Flying Service","stepsZh":["留意政府飛行服務隊嘅招聘（屬紀律部隊職系）","通過選拔、體檢同訓練","按服務需要考取同維持所需執照同等級","執行搜索救援、空中測量等任務"],"stepsEn":["Watch for Government Flying Service recruitment (a disciplined-services grade)","Pass selection, medical checks and training","Obtain and maintain the required licences and ratings for the service","Carry out missions such as search and rescue and aerial survey"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"私人機師執照（PPL(H)）","titleEn":"Private Pilot's Licence (PPL(H))"},{"titleZh":"商用機師執照（CPL(H)）","titleEn":"Commercial Pilot's Licence (CPL(H))"},{"titleZh":"航空運輸機師執照（ATPL(H)）","titleEn":"Airline Transport Pilot's Licence (ATPL(H))"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"私人機師執照（PPL(H)）","titleEn":"Private Pilot's Licence (PPL(H))"},{"titleZh":"商用機師執照（CPL(H)）","titleEn":"Commercial Pilot's Licence (CPL(H))"},{"titleZh":"航空運輸機師執照（ATPL(H)）","titleEn":"Airline Transport Pilot's Licence (ATPL(H))"}],"sourceIds":["careers-helicopter-pilot-1","careers-helicopter-pilot-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"hiking-guide","titleZh":"山藝教練／行山領隊","titleEn":"Hiking guide","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","emerging":true,"ledeZh":"山藝教練同行山領隊帶隊行山，要事前規劃路線、評估天氣、控制行進速度同休息點，並處理受傷同迷路等突發情況；香港由中國香港攀山及攀登總會推行有系統嘅山藝證書同教練培訓，逐級考取。","ledeEn":"Hiking guides plan routes and assess weather, control pace and rest stops, and handle injuries or lost parties; in Hong Kong, the China Hong Kong Mountaineering and Climbing Union runs a structured mountain-craft certificate and coach-training ladder taken level by level.","bodyZh":"山藝教練嘅工作，唔單止係陪人行山。帶隊前要規劃路線同後備路線、評估天氣同團隊能力、計好行程時間（業界用「尼史密夫定律」估算）；行進期間要控制速度同休息點、留意隊員狀態、確保冇人脫隊；一旦有人受傷、中暑、迷路或者天氣突變，就要即時判斷同求救。行山領隊多數係兼職或自由身，接團、帶隊、寫報告都係自己安排。\n\n呢行冇政府發牌，但有一套由中國香港攀山及攀登總會（CHKMCU）制訂嘅山藝證書計劃。計劃分三部分：山藝訓練證書課程（一級、二級、三級、助教同技術單元）、遠足領隊訓練課程，同山藝教練培訓及評審。證書要逐級考上去：例如一級課程包括理論課同次數不一的日間遠足實習，二級要具備一級資歷，並完成理論同兩日一夜露營實習。完成指定級別後可申請由總會簽發嘅證書，部分級別同時獲國際攀山聯盟（UIAA）認可。\n\n要成為山藝教練，唔係讀完課程就得，仲要經總會嘅教練培訓同評審，註冊後先可以開班授課；課程規定要由註冊教練負責教授，並有教練對學員人數比例上限。行山領隊方面，好多團體、學校同商業機構都要求帶隊者持有一級或以上山藝證書。隨住戶外活動同郊遊風氣盛行，市場對有認可資歷嘅領隊同教練有一定需求，但呢個係資歷制度而非法定發牌，認受性主要來自主辦機構同僱主。","bodyEn":"A hiking guide's job is more than walking with a group. Before setting off, they plan the route and a fallback route, assess the weather and the group's ability, and estimate journey times (the trade uses Naismith's rule); on the move they manage pace and rest stops, watch how members are coping and keep the group together; if someone is injured, overheats, gets lost or the weather turns, they have to decide and call for help quickly. Many guides work part-time or freelance, arranging their own bookings, trips and reports.\n\nThere is no government licensing, but the China Hong Kong Mountaineering and Climbing Union (CHKMCU) runs a structured mountain-craft certificate scheme. It has three parts: the Mountain Craft Training Certificate courses (Levels 1 to 3, assistant instructor and technical modules), the Hiking Leader Training Course, and mountain-craft coach training and assessment. Certificates are taken level by level — for example, Level 1 includes theory and day-hike practice, while Level 2 requires the Level 1 qualification plus theory and overnight camping practice. Completing a given level allows application for a certificate issued by the Union, and some levels are also recognised by the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (UIAA).\n\nBecoming a mountain-craft coach is not just a matter of finishing a course: you must go through the Union's coach training and assessment and be registered before you may run courses, and courses must be taught by a registered coach with a cap on the coach-to-participant ratio. For hiking leaders, many groups, schools and commercial operators require leaders to hold at least a Level 1 mountain-craft certificate. With outdoor activity booming, there is steady demand for qualified leaders and coaches — but this is a qualifications scheme rather than statutory licensing, and its recognition comes mainly from the organising bodies and employers.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：帶隊、計時同應變","titleEn":"The job: leading, timing and responding","bodyZh":"行山領隊嘅核心工作係風險管理：出發前睇天氣預報同警告、研究路線同撤退點、核對裝備同隊員能力；行程中控制步速、安排休息同補水、留意隊員有冇中暑或抽筋；遇事要識得求救同初步處理傷患。CHKMCU 嘅訓練課程會教授地圖閱讀、指南針領航、行程時間預算、山野安全同急救原則，亦要做實踐旅程。呢啲技能唔係紙上談兵，係要用嚟應付香港多變嘅山野同天氣。","bodyEn":"A hiking guide's core work is risk management: before departure, checking weather forecasts and warnings, studying the route and escape points, and matching gear to the group's ability; en route, controlling pace, scheduling rest and hydration, and watching for heat exhaustion or cramps; and if something happens, knowing how to call for help and give basic first aid. CHKMCU training courses cover map reading, compass navigation, journey-time estimation, hill safety and first-aid principles, plus practical journeys. These are not paper skills but the tools needed for Hong Kong's changeable hills and weather."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：山藝證書計劃","titleEn":"The gate: the mountain-craft certificate scheme","bodyZh":"山藝證書計劃由中國香港攀山及攀登總會制訂，課程內容參考本地同外地攀山訓練資料，並於2019年獲國際攀山聯盟認證為 UIAA Mountain Qualification Label 課程。學員由一級山藝訓練證書起步，逐級向上：二級要求先具備一級資歷，三級再進一步，之後係助教，最後才是山藝教練。每級都要完成指定理論同實習，並通過教練嘅持續評估，唔可以跳級。","bodyEn":"The mountain-craft certificate scheme is set by the China Hong Kong Mountaineering and Climbing Union, drawing on local and overseas mountaineering training material, and was accredited in 2019 as a UIAA Mountain Qualification Label programme. Participants start with the Level 1 Mountain Craft Training Certificate and move up: Level 2 requires the Level 1 qualification first, Level 3 goes further, then comes the assistant instructor, and finally the mountain-craft coach. Each level requires set theory and practice and continuous assessment by a coach, and no level can be skipped."},{"titleZh":"資歷認受性同市場","titleEn":"Recognition and the market","bodyZh":"要留意，山藝證書同行山領隊並非法定發牌行業——冇牌唔算違法，但有冇證書往往決定你有冇資格帶團、獲機構聘用或者買到合適保險。CHKMCU 嘅註冊教練可以開辦課程同為學員簽發證書；學校、社團同商業機構搞遠足活動時，多數要求負責人持有一級或以上資歷。呢種以專業團體資歷把關嘅模式，令証書嘅認受性主要取決於總會嘅公信力同僱主要求，而唔係政府牌照。","bodyEn":"Note that mountain-craft certificates and hiking leaders are not statutorily licensed — working without a certificate is not unlawful, but holding one often decides whether you may lead groups, be hired by organisations or obtain suitable insurance. Registered CHKMCU coaches may run courses and issue certificates to participants, and schools, associations and commercial operators usually require the person in charge of a hike to hold at least a Level 1 qualification. This model, where a professional body sets the standard, means recognition depends mainly on the Union's credibility and employers' requirements rather than on a government licence."}],"payBasisZh":"山藝教練同行山領隊無官方薪級，薪酬由僱主（旅行社、學校、機構）按活動性質同事前協議決定；自由身領隊就自行訂定收費。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Mountain-craft coaches and hiking guides have no official pay scale: pay is set by the employer (travel agent, school or organisation) according to the nature of the activity and what is agreed, while freelance guides set their own rates. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["對山藝及登山遠足有興趣，由一級山藝訓練證書課程起步","逐級考取證書，例如二級須先具備一級資歷","完成每級指定嘅理論課同實習旅程，並通過教練持續評估","成為註冊山藝教練須完成總會嘅教練培訓及評審"],"entryEn":["An interest in mountain craft and hiking, starting with the Level 1 Mountain Craft Training Certificate","Progress level by level, e.g. Level 2 requires the Level 1 qualification first","Complete each level's set theory and practice journeys and pass continuous coach assessment","Becoming a registered coach requires completing the Union's coach training and assessment"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"一級證書起步，逐級考到教練","titleEn":"Start at Level 1 and climb to coach","stepsZh":["報讀一級山藝訓練證書課程，完成理論同日間遠足實習","累積經驗後報讀二級課程（須具備一級資歷），完成露營實習","再考取三級證書同山藝助教資格","參加總會嘅山藝教練培訓及評審，註冊成為教練"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in the Level 1 Mountain Craft Training Certificate and complete the theory and day-hike practice","With experience, take Level 2 (requiring Level 1) and complete the camping practice","Then obtain the Level 3 certificate and the assistant instructor qualification","Join the Union's coach training and assessment to register as a coach"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"一級山藝訓練證書","titleEn":"Mountain Craft Training Certificate Level 1"},{"titleZh":"二級山藝訓練證書","titleEn":"Mountain Craft Training Certificate Level 2"},{"titleZh":"三級山藝訓練證書","titleEn":"Mountain Craft Training Certificate Level 3"},{"titleZh":"山藝助教","titleEn":"Mountain Craft Assistant Instructor"},{"titleZh":"山藝教練","titleEn":"Mountain Craft Coach"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"一級山藝訓練證書","titleEn":"Mountain Craft Training Certificate Level 1"},{"titleZh":"二級山藝訓練證書","titleEn":"Mountain Craft Training Certificate Level 2"},{"titleZh":"三級山藝訓練證書","titleEn":"Mountain Craft Training Certificate Level 3"},{"titleZh":"山藝助教","titleEn":"Mountain Craft Assistant Instructor"},{"titleZh":"山藝教練","titleEn":"Mountain Craft Coach"}],"sourceIds":["careers-hiking-guide-1","careers-hiking-guide-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"housing-officer","titleZh":"房屋事務主任","titleEn":"Housing Officer","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"房屋事務主任管理公共屋邨，處理租約、租金同調遷申請、巡樓執法、投訴同鄰里糾紛，並協助屋邨維修同改善工程；呢個係房屋署嘅公務員職位，須通過公開招聘。","ledeEn":"Housing Officers manage public housing estates — tenancy, rent and transfer applications, estate patrols and enforcement, complaints and neighbour disputes, plus maintenance and improvement works; the post is a Housing Department civil-service vacancy filled through open recruitment.","bodyZh":"房屋事務主任係房屋署嘅前線職系，工作圍繞公共租住屋邨、出售單位屋邨、工廠大廈、非住宅物業同停車場。日常包括協助物業同租約管理、維修保養、會見公屋申請人同出售單位買家、審查申請同編配單位；亦要執行清拆、限制駛入道路、非法泊車、阻塞通道、環境衞生同《房屋條例》相關嘅執法工作。職位可能須不定時工作，亦有機會借調到其他政府部門。\n\n入職關卡係公務員招聘。以房屋事務主任為例，申請人要在中學文憑考試五科考獲第3級或同等或以上（或舊制會考／高考同等成績），中英文均要達第3級或以上，並能操流利廣東話同英語，通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試；具相關工作經驗者會獲優先考慮。招聘經公務員事務局嘅網上系統遞交，設面試等甄選程序，獲取錄者一般先按三年試用條款受聘，通過試用關後可考慮轉長期聘用。\n\n呢份工嘅實況係「前線執法加客戶服務」：一方面要落邨巡查、處理投訴同糾紛，另一方面要應付大量申請同文件，甚至要面對情緒激動嘅居民。屋邨事務繁雜、節奏快，但公務員身分帶來穩定嘅聘用條款同福利。晉升方面，房屋事務主任之上有高級房屋事務主任、房屋事務經理等職級，攀上更高職級一般要憑表現同部門嘅晉升機制。","bodyEn":"Housing Officers form the frontline grade of the Housing Department, working across public rental estates, estates with sold units, factory estates, non-domestic properties and car parks. Day to day, this means helping with property and tenancy management and maintenance, interviewing public housing applicants and buyers of sold units, vetting applications and allocating flats, and carrying out enforcement relating to clearance, restricted roads, illegal parking, obstruction, environmental hygiene and the Housing Ordinance. The post may involve irregular hours and secondment to other government departments.\n\nEntry is through civil-service recruitment. For the Housing Officer post, applicants need Level 3 or above in five subjects in the HKDSEE (or equivalent HKCEE/A-Level results), Level 3 or above in both Chinese and English, fluent Cantonese and English, and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test; relevant work experience is an advantage. Applications are submitted through the Civil Service Bureau's online system, with selection including interviews, and successful candidates are normally first appointed on three-year probationary terms, with consideration for permanent terms after passing probation.\n\nThe reality of the job is front-line enforcement plus customer service: patrolling estates and handling complaints and disputes on one hand, and coping with large volumes of applications and paperwork — and occasionally emotional residents — on the other. Estate work is busy and fast-paced, but the civil-service status brings stable terms and benefits. For progression, above Housing Officer sit grades such as Senior Housing Officer and Housing Manager, with advancement based on performance and the department's promotion arrangements.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：前線管理同執法","titleEn":"The job: front-line management and enforcement","bodyZh":"房屋事務主任嘅工作好貼地：白天可能喺辦事處審批申請、計租、處理調遷，下午落邨巡樓、跟進維修、貼通告，甚至要處理鄰里噪音、走廊雜物、非法改動單位等問題。《房屋條例》執法係工作一部分，包括清拆違規構築物、限制道路同處理非法泊車。屋邨人多事雜，經常要同時應付幾單個案，溝通同抗壓能力同樣重要。","bodyEn":"The work is very down-to-earth: mornings may be spent in the office vetting applications, calculating rent and handling transfers; afternoons on estate patrols, following up repairs, posting notices, and dealing with issues such as noise, corridor clutter or unauthorised flat alterations. Enforcement under the Housing Ordinance is part of the job, including clearing unauthorised structures, restricted roads and illegal parking. Estates are crowded and busy, and officers often juggle several cases at once, making communication and resilience just as important as technical knowledge."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：公務員招聘","titleEn":"The gate: civil-service recruitment","bodyZh":"房屋事務主任屬公務員職位，入職要跨過幾道關：學歷上要在中學文憑考試五科考獲第3級或同等或以上（或舊制會考／高考同等成績），中英文科均達第3級或以上；同時要能操流利廣東話同英語，並在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格成績。申請須經公務員事務局嘅網上申請系統提交，部門會按需要訂立篩選準則，符合條件者獲邀面試；獲聘者一般先按三年試用條款受聘。","bodyEn":"The Housing Officer post is a civil-service position with several gates. On qualifications, applicants need Level 3 or above in five HKDSEE subjects (or equivalent HKCEE/A-Level results) and Level 3 or above in both Chinese and English; they must also be fluent in Cantonese and English and pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Applications go through the Civil Service Bureau's online system, and the department may set screening criteria, inviting qualifying applicants to interviews; successful candidates are usually appointed first on three-year probationary terms."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同晉升","titleEn":"Industry reality and progression","bodyZh":"屋邨管理係一份「見得到人」嘅政府工，適合喜歡前線接觸同處理實務問題嘅人；但亦要接受住戶情緒、突發事件同不定時工作。公務員身分嘅好處係聘用穩定、福利完整，並有清晰嘅職級台階：房屋事務主任之上有高級房屋事務主任、房屋事務經理等，按表現同部門機制晉升。想入行，重點係及早準備學歷、語文同《基本法及香港國安法》測試，並留意房屋署同公務員事務局嘅招聘公告。","bodyEn":"Estate management is a visible government job suited to people who like front-line contact and practical problem-solving, but it also means handling residents' emotions, emergencies and irregular hours. The civil-service status brings stable employment, full benefits and a clear grade ladder: above Housing Officer are grades such as Senior Housing Officer and Housing Manager, advanced by performance and departmental arrangements. To get in, the key is to prepare early on qualifications, language and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test, and to watch vacancies advertised by the Housing Department and the Civil Service Bureau."}],"payBasisZh":"房屋事務主任係公務員職位，薪酬按政府總薪級表所屬薪點釐定，由公務員事務局規定並按年調整；本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"The Housing Officer post is a civil-service position, so pay follows the relevant points on the Government's Master Pay Scale, set by the Civil Service Bureau and adjusted annually; this site does not state figures.","entryZh":["在中學文憑考試五科考獲第3級或同等或以上（或舊制會考／高考同等成績）","中英文科均考獲第3級或以上，並能操流利廣東話同英語","通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試","經公務員事務局網上系統遞交申請並通過面試","能接受不定時工作同借調安排"],"entryEn":["Level 3 or above in five HKDSEE subjects (or equivalent HKCEE/A-Level results)","Level 3 or above in both Chinese and English, with fluent Cantonese and English","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Application through the Civil Service Bureau online system and success at interview","Willingness to work irregular hours and accept secondment"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"公開招聘（公務員職位）","titleEn":"Open civil-service recruitment","stepsZh":["符合學歷同語文要求，並通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試","經公務員事務局 G.F. 340 網上系統提交申請","通過部門嘅篩選同面試","按三年試用條款入職，通過試用關後轉長期聘用"],"stepsEn":["Meet the academic and language requirements and pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Submit an application via the Civil Service Bureau's online G.F. 340 system","Pass the department's screening and interview","Join on three-year probationary terms, moving to permanent terms after passing probation"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"房屋事務主任","titleEn":"Housing Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級房屋事務主任","titleEn":"Senior Housing Officer"},{"titleZh":"房屋事務經理","titleEn":"Housing Manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"房屋事務主任","titleEn":"Housing Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級房屋事務主任","titleEn":"Senior Housing Officer"},{"titleZh":"房屋事務經理","titleEn":"Housing Manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-housing-officer-1","careers-housing-officer-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"immigration-assistant","titleZh":"入境事務助理員","titleEn":"Immigration Assistant","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"入境事務助理員喺各出入境管制站執行出入境檢查、核對旅行證件同處理旅客查詢，亦會喺辦事處處理簽證、身分證同居留申請；呢個係入境事務處嘅紀律部隊職位，全年接受申請。","ledeEn":"Immigration Assistants carry out immigration clearance at control points, check travel documents and answer traveller enquiries, and also process visas, identity cards and residence applications in offices; the post is a disciplined-services job in the Immigration Department, open for applications year-round.","bodyZh":"入境事務助理員嘅職務，同入境、人事登記、生死同婚姻登記等香港法例有關，包括一般搜查、看管、護送、巡邏、接待同駕駛等工作，亦要執行偵查偽造證件等行動職務。任職者須受紀律約束、接受全日制入職訓練、穿制服、輪班當值，並可能要駕駛政府車輛或者到香港特別行政區以外嘅地方工作。新入職者要在入境事務學院接受約十五星期嘅留宿入職訓練。\n\n入職條件方面，申請人要在中學文憑考試五科考獲第2級或同等或以上（或會考五科第2級／E級或以上），中英文科均達第2級或以上，能操廣東話同英語，通過體能測驗，並在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格成績。招聘經公務員事務局嘅網上申請系統遞交，流程包括體能測驗、面試等環節；入境事務助理員職位全年接受申請，直至另行通告。\n\n呢份工嘅實況係紀律部隊生活：要習慣輪班、制服、集體訓練同嚴格嘅操守要求，旺季（如長假期）出入境口岸工作量極大。好處係聘用穩定、有完整公務員福利，入職後有清晰嘅職級階梯。值得留意嘅係，入境事務助理員同「入境事務主任」係兩個不同職系，兩者嘅入職學歷要求、入職薪級同晉升路線都唔同，申請前要想清楚自己適合邊條路。","bodyEn":"An Immigration Assistant's duties relate to Hong Kong legislation on immigration, registration of persons, births, deaths and marriages, covering general search, custody, escort, patrol, reception and driving, as well as operational duties including detecting forged documents. Officers are subject to discipline, attend full-time induction training, wear uniform, work shifts and may have to drive government vehicles or serve outside the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. New recruits undergo about 15 weeks of residential induction training at the Immigration Service Institute of Training and Development.\n\nOn entry requirements, applicants need Level 2 or equivalent or above in five HKDSEE subjects (or Level 2/Grade E or above in five HKCEE subjects), Level 2 or above in both Chinese and English, fluency in Cantonese and English, a pass in the physical fitness test, and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Applications go through the Civil Service Bureau's online system, and the process includes the fitness test and interviews; the Immigration Assistant post accepts applications year-round until further notice.\n\nThe reality is disciplined-services life: getting used to shifts, uniform, group training and strict conduct requirements, with border control points extremely busy at peak periods such as long holidays. The upside is stable employment, full civil-service benefits and a clear rank ladder. Note that Immigration Assistant and Immigration Officer are two different grades, with different academic requirements, entry ranks and promotion routes, so it is worth deciding which path suits you before applying.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：紀律部隊前線","titleEn":"The job: disciplined-services frontline","bodyZh":"入境事務助理員多數駐守出入境管制站或者辦事處：喺口岸要核對旅行證件、審查旅客身分、識別同舉報逾期居留人士；喺辦事處就處理簽證、身分證同居留申請，亦可能要執行搜查、看管同護送。工作須輪班，口岸 24 小時運作，通宵更、假日當值係常態。除咗制服同紀律，仲講求細心、守法意識同應變能力，因為每個旅客個案都可能涉及法律後果。","bodyEn":"Immigration Assistants are usually posted to control points or offices: at the border they check travel documents, verify travellers' identities and identify and report overstayers; in offices they process visas, identity cards and residence applications, and may carry out search, custody and escort duties. The work is shift-based, and with control points running around the clock, night shifts and holiday duties are routine. Beyond uniform and discipline, the job demands care, a strong sense of legality and adaptability, because every traveller's case can have legal consequences."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：學歷、體能同國安法測試","titleEn":"The gate: academics, fitness and the national-security test","bodyZh":"申請入境事務助理員，學歷上要在中學文憑考試五科考獲第2級或同等或以上（或會考五科第2級／E級或以上），中英文科均達第2級或以上；同時要能操廣東話同英語。甄選過程包括體能測驗（設多個項目同計分方法）、面試等，通過後方可進入下一階段；申請人亦須在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格成績，並通過職前體格檢查（包括色覺測試）。","bodyEn":"To apply as an Immigration Assistant, applicants need Level 2 or equivalent or above in five HKDSEE subjects (or Level 2/Grade E or above in five HKCEE subjects) and Level 2 or above in both Chinese and English, and must be able to speak Cantonese and English. The selection process includes a physical fitness test (with several items and a scoring method) and interviews, and only those who pass move on; applicants must also pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test and a pre-employment medical examination, including a colour vision test."},{"titleZh":"職系選擇：助理員定主任","titleEn":"Choosing a grade: Assistant or Officer","bodyZh":"入境事務處有兩條主要入職路線：員佐級嘅入境事務助理員，同主任級嘅入境事務主任。兩者嘅入職學歷、入職薪級同日常工作都唔同——主任多數負責督導、行政同調查，入職要求較高（通常要學士學位或高級文憑）；助理員就係前線執行嘅主力。助理員職位全年接受申請，彈性較大；主任職位則按招聘周期開放。想做入境處，先認清自己想走前線定管理路線，再揀合適嘅職位申請。","bodyEn":"The Immigration Department has two main entry routes: the rank-and-file Immigration Assistant and the officer-grade Immigration Officer. They differ in entry qualifications, entry rank and day-to-day work — officers tend to handle supervision, administration and investigation and have higher entry requirements (usually a degree or higher diploma), while assistants form the frontline delivery core. The Assistant post accepts applications year-round, offering more flexibility, whereas the Officer post opens on a recruitment cycle. If the Immigration Department appeals to you, decide first whether you want the frontline or the management track, then apply for the right post."}],"payBasisZh":"入境事務助理員屬紀律部隊員佐級職位，薪酬按紀律人員（員佐級）薪級表所屬薪點釐定，由公務員事務局規定；本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"The Immigration Assistant is a rank-and-file disciplined-services post, so pay follows the relevant points on the General Disciplined Services (Rank and File) Pay Scale, set by the Civil Service Bureau; this site does not state figures.","entryZh":["在中學文憑考試五科考獲第2級或同等或以上（或會考五科第2級／E級或以上）","中英文科均達第2級或以上，並能操廣東話同英語","通過入境事務處舉行嘅體能測驗","在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格成績","通過職前體格檢查（包括色覺測試）"],"entryEn":["Level 2 or equivalent or above in five HKDSEE subjects (or Level 2/Grade E or above in five HKCEE subjects)","Level 2 or above in both Chinese and English, with fluency in Cantonese and English","A pass in the Immigration Department's physical fitness test","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","A pass in the pre-employment medical examination, including a colour vision test"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"全年申請：體能測驗 → 面試 → 入職訓練","titleEn":"Year-round application: fitness test → interview → training","stepsZh":["經公務員事務局 G.F. 340 網上系統提交申請（全年接受）","通過體能測驗","通過面試等甄選程序同職前體格檢查","在入境事務學院接受約十五星期嘅留宿入職訓練"],"stepsEn":["Apply via the Civil Service Bureau G.F. 340 online system (open year-round)","Pass the physical fitness test","Pass interviews and other selection stages and the pre-employment medical examination","Undergo about 15 weeks of residential induction training at the Immigration Service Institute"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"入境事務助理員","titleEn":"Immigration Assistant"},{"titleZh":"高級入境事務助理員","titleEn":"Senior Immigration Assistant"},{"titleZh":"總入境事務助理員","titleEn":"Chief Immigration Assistant"},{"titleZh":"入境事務主任","titleEn":"Immigration Officer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"入境事務助理員","titleEn":"Immigration Assistant"},{"titleZh":"高級入境事務助理員","titleEn":"Senior Immigration Assistant"},{"titleZh":"總入境事務助理員","titleEn":"Chief Immigration Assistant"},{"titleZh":"入境事務主任","titleEn":"Immigration Officer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-immigration-assistant-1","careers-immigration-assistant-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"insurance-broker","titleZh":"保險經紀","titleEn":"Insurance broker","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"保險經紀代表客戶（而唔係保險公司）比較市場上嘅保險方案、安排投保同協助索償，企業保單多數經經紀安排；香港由保險業監管局發牌，個人要以業務代表（經紀）身分受持牌保險經紀公司委任先可以做。","ledeEn":"Insurance brokers act for the client rather than the insurer, comparing market options, placing cover and helping with claims; Hong Kong's Insurance Authority licenses intermediaries, and an individual must be appointed as a technical representative (broker) by a licensed insurance broker company.","bodyZh":"保險經紀嘅角色係「代表客戶」。同只賣一間公司產品嘅代理唔同，經紀會比較市場上多間保險公司嘅方案，幫客戶設計、安排投保同協助索償；企業客戶（例如公司要買僱員補償、財產、責任保險）嘅保單，大多經經紀安排。日常工作包括了解客戶風險、向不同保險公司攞報價、寫建議書、跟進核保同索償，講求對產品、條款同市場嘅熟悉程度。\n\n入行關卡係發牌。香港嘅保險中介人由保險業監管局規管：保險經紀公司要向保監局領牌，而個人要成為「持牌業務代表（經紀）」，必須先獲一間持牌保險經紀公司委任，再經「保險中介一站通」以電子方式申請。個人牌照要符合《有關持牌保險中介人「適當人選」的準則指引》（指引23）嘅學歷要求，除獲豁免外要通過保險中介人資格考試（IIQE），並要令人信納其信譽同財政狀況。\n\n經紀公司本身嘅門檻更高：要委任獲保監局認可嘅負責人、喺香港銀行持有客戶帳戶、符合《持牌保險經紀公司的財務及其他要求》規則，同埋具備組織架構上嘅勝任能力（公司管治、內部監控同風險管理）。保監局處理個人新申請一般需數個工作天，公司牌照則需約十二星期。呢行收入以佣金同獎金為主，波動較大，入行初期通常要邊做邊考齊所需嘅考試科目。","bodyEn":"An insurance broker represents the client. Unlike an agent who sells one company's products, a broker compares options across several insurers and helps clients design cover, place policies and handle claims; corporate programmes — such as an employer's employees' compensation, property or liability cover — are mostly placed through brokers. The daily work involves understanding clients' risks, obtaining quotes from different insurers, writing proposals and following up underwriting and claims, all of which demands familiarity with products, policy terms and the market.\n\nEntry is by licensing. Insurance intermediaries in Hong Kong are regulated by the Insurance Authority: a broker company must be licensed, and to become a \"licensed technical representative (broker)\" an individual must first be appointed by a licensed insurance broker company and then apply electronically through the Insurance Intermediaries Connect. The individual licence must meet the academic requirements in the Guideline on \"Fit and Proper\" Criteria for Licensed Insurance Intermediaries (Guideline 23), pass the Insurance Intermediaries Qualifying Examination (IIQE) unless exempted, and satisfy the IA as to reputation and financial soundness.\n\nThe bar is higher for the broker company itself: it must appoint an IA-approved responsible officer, hold a client account with a Hong Kong bank, comply with the Insurance (Financial and Other Requirements for Licensed Insurance Broker Companies) Rules, and meet organisational competence requirements (corporate governance, internal controls and risk management). The IA aims to process simple individual applications in several working days and company licences in about 12 weeks. Income is mainly commission- and bonus-based and therefore variable, and newcomers usually study for the required exam papers while working.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：代表客戶嘅中介","titleEn":"The job: an intermediary acting for the client","bodyZh":"保險經紀嘅日常工作，係做客戶同保險公司之間嘅橋樑：先了解客戶業務同風險、梳理保障需求，再向多間保險公司攞報價、比較條款，撰寫建議書同協助投保；保單生效後，仲要跟進續保、批註同索償。經紀唔隸屬任何一間保險公司，所以可以向客戶推薦市場上最合適嘅方案，但同時要對產品、條款細則同理賠實務非常熟悉，先至幫客戶爭取到最好嘅條件。","bodyEn":"A broker's daily work is to bridge clients and insurers: understanding the client's business and risks, mapping out cover needs, obtaining quotes from several insurers, comparing terms, writing proposals and helping to place cover. After a policy is in force, brokers follow up renewals, endorsements and claims. Because a broker does not belong to any single insurer, it can recommend the most suitable market solution — but it must know products, policy details and claims practice extremely well to secure the best terms for the client."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：保監局發牌","titleEn":"The gate: Insurance Authority licensing","bodyZh":"個人唔可以自己走去賣保險，一定要先由主事人委任。做保險經紀，就要由一間持牌保險經紀公司委任做「持牌業務代表（經紀）」，再由公司協助經「保險中介一站通」申請牌照。申請要符合指引23嘅學歷要求（例如中學文憑五科第2級，包括中文或英文及數學），除豁免外要通過保險中介人資格考試（IIQE）相關試卷，並要令人信納信譽同財政狀況良好。","bodyEn":"An individual cannot simply start selling insurance — they must first be appointed by a principal. To work as a broker, a licensed insurance broker company must appoint the person as a \"licensed technical representative (broker)\", and the company then helps submit the licence application through the Insurance Intermediaries Connect. The application must meet the academic requirements in Guideline 23 (for example, Level 2 in five HKDSE subjects including Chinese or English and Mathematics), pass the relevant Insurance Intermediaries Qualifying Examination (IIQE) papers unless exempted, and satisfy the IA as to reputation and financial soundness."},{"titleZh":"經紀公司嘅額外要求","titleEn":"Extra requirements for broker companies","bodyZh":"如果係開辦或經營一間保險經紀公司，要求就更高：要向保監局領取公司牌照，委任最少一名獲認可嘅負責人，喺香港任何一間銀行持有一個客戶帳戶，符合《保險業（持牌保險經紀公司的財務及其他要求）規則》嘅資本同財務要求，並具備組織架構上嘅勝任能力，包括公司管治、內部監控同風險管理。保監局處理公司新牌照申請一般需約十二星期，期間要提交業務計劃、組織架構圖同保險公司嘅推薦信等文件。","bodyEn":"Running or setting up a broker company raises the bar further: it must obtain a company licence from the IA, appoint at least one approved responsible officer, hold a client account with a Hong Kong bank, meet the capital and financial requirements in the Insurance (Financial and Other Requirements for Licensed Insurance Broker Companies) Rules, and demonstrate organisational competence in corporate governance, internal controls and risk management. The IA generally takes about 12 weeks to process a new company licence application, during which documents such as a business plan, an organisation chart and reference letters from insurers must be submitted."}],"payBasisZh":"保險經紀無官方薪級，收入由所屬保險經紀公司（僱主）決定，多以佣金、獎金等變動收入為主，底薪安排各公司不同；本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Insurance brokers have no official pay scale: income is determined by the employing insurance broker company and is mainly commission- and bonus-based variable income, with base-salary arrangements varying by firm; this site does not state figures.","entryZh":["由持牌保險經紀公司委任為主事人","符合指引23嘅學歷要求（例如中學文憑五科第2級，包括中文或英文及數學）","除獲豁免外，通過保險中介人資格考試（IIQE）相關試卷","信譽及財政狀況令人信納","經「保險中介一站通」電子申請牌照"],"entryEn":["Appointment as a principal by a licensed insurance broker company","Meet the academic requirements in Guideline 23 (e.g. Level 2 in five HKDSE subjects including Chinese or English and Mathematics)","Pass the relevant IIQE papers unless exempted","Satisfy the IA as to reputation and financial soundness","Submit the licence application electronically through the Insurance Intermediaries Connect"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"受委任 → 考資格試 → 領牌","titleEn":"Appointed → pass exams → licensed","stepsZh":["獲一間持牌保險經紀公司委任","通過保險中介人資格考試（IIQE）所需試卷（或符合豁免）","經「保險中介一站通」遞交個人牌照申請","獲發「持牌業務代表（經紀）」牌照後執業"],"stepsEn":["Be appointed by a licensed insurance broker company","Pass the required IIQE papers (or qualify for an exemption)","Submit the individual licence application through the Insurance Intermediaries Connect","Practise once licensed as a technical representative (broker)"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"持牌業務代表（經紀）","titleEn":"Licensed Technical Representative (Broker)"},{"titleZh":"保險經紀公司負責人","titleEn":"Responsible Officer of an insurance broker company"},{"titleZh":"保險經紀公司管理層／持牌人","titleEn":"Management / licensee of an insurance broker company"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"持牌業務代表（經紀）","titleEn":"Licensed Technical Representative (Broker)"},{"titleZh":"保險經紀公司負責人","titleEn":"Responsible Officer of an insurance broker company"},{"titleZh":"保險經紀公司管理層／持牌人","titleEn":"Management / licensee of an insurance broker company"}],"sourceIds":["careers-insurance-broker-1","careers-insurance-broker-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"investment-analyst","titleZh":"投資分析師","titleEn":"Investment analyst","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"投資分析師研究上市公司同行業，建立財務模型、做估值同寫研究報告，向基金經理或客戶提出買賣建議；喺香港，如涉及就證券提供意見（第4類受規管活動），相關人士要符合證監會嘅發牌同勝任能力要求。","ledeEn":"Investment analysts research listed companies and industries, build financial models, value businesses and write research, making buy or sell recommendations to fund managers or clients; in Hong Kong, those advising on securities (Type 4 regulated activity) must meet the SFC's licensing and competence requirements.","bodyZh":"投資分析師嘅日常，係將公司同一個行業睇通睇透：讀業績、訪問管理層、拆解財務報表、建立財務模型、做估值（例如現金流折現或者同業市盈率比較），再寫成研究報告，畀基金經理、投資總監或客戶參考。賣方分析師嘅報告會發畀機構客戶；買方分析師就服務自己公司嘅投資組合。呢行工時長、節奏快，業績期尤其忙，仲要經常出差做公司調研。\n\n入行關卡視乎你喺邊個位置做。如果工作涉及就證券提供意見（即證監會嘅第4類受規管活動），相關人士要按《證券及期貨條例》向證監會領取牌照：一般從業員攞「持牌代表」，主管級就要做「負責人員」。發牌會審視申請人係咪「適當人選」，包括學歷、行業經驗、勝任能力同信譽；除獲豁免外，通常要通過香港證券及投資學會（HKSI）嘅證券及期貨從業員資格考試相關試卷。\n\n學歷方面，行內普遍要求大學學位，主修金融、經濟、會計或相關科目；具特許金融分析師（CFA）等專業資格會有優勢，但呢啲係市場慣例而非法定要求。要注意嘅係，唔係所有掛「分析師」名嘅工作都受證監會規管——純內部研究、非證券相關嘅分析未必需要牌照，具體要睇實際職務。薪酬同職級冇官方標準，完全由僱主（銀行、券商、資產管理公司）決定。","bodyEn":"An investment analyst's day is about getting to know a company and its industry inside out: reading results, interviewing management, dissecting financial statements, building financial models, valuing the business (for example discounted cash flow or peer price-earnings comparisons) and turning it all into research that fund managers, investment directors or clients can use. Sell-side analysts publish to institutional clients; buy-side analysts serve their own firm's portfolios. Hours are long and the pace fast, with reporting seasons especially busy, plus frequent travel for company research.\n\nThe entry gate depends on where you sit. If the role involves advising on securities — the SFC's Type 4 regulated activity — the person must be licensed by the SFC under the Securities and Futures Ordinance: ordinary staff take a \"licensed representative\" licence, while those in charge become \"responsible officers\". Licensing looks at whether the applicant is \"fit and proper\", covering academic qualifications, industry experience, competence and reputation; unless exempted, candidates usually pass the relevant papers of the Hong Kong Securities and Investment Institute (HKSI) Licensing Examination for Securities and Futures Intermediaries.\n\nOn qualifications, the industry generally expects a university degree, typically in finance, economics, accounting or a related field, and professional credentials such as the CFA charter are an advantage — though these are market conventions rather than legal requirements. Note that not every job titled \"analyst\" falls under SFC regulation: purely internal or non-securities research may not need a licence, and it depends on the actual duties. Pay and job titles have no official standard and are entirely set by the employer (a bank, brokerage or asset manager).","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：研究、建模同寫報告","titleEn":"The job: research, modelling and writing","bodyZh":"投資分析師嘅核心工作係「研究加判斷」：緊貼行業同公司消息、分析財務數據、建立同更新財務模型、做估值，再寫出有觀點嘅研究報告。賣方分析師要經常同客戶同銷售團隊溝通，安排公司管理層同投資者見面；買方分析師就要為投資組合揀股同做盡職調查。無論邊一邊，都要捱得住長工時同業績期嘅高強度，同時要保持客觀同獨立。","bodyEn":"The core of an investment analyst's work is research plus judgement: tracking industry and company news, analysing financial data, building and updating financial models, valuing businesses and writing research with a clear view. Sell-side analysts communicate constantly with clients and the sales team and arrange meetings between management and investors; buy-side analysts pick stocks for portfolios and carry out due diligence. On either side, analysts must cope with long hours and the intensity of reporting seasons while staying objective and independent."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：證監會發牌同勝任能力","titleEn":"The gate: SFC licensing and competence","bodyZh":"如果分析工作涉及就證券提供意見，就屬於證監會第4類受規管活動，須向證監會領牌：一般從業員申請「持牌代表」，監督有關業務嘅主管就要成為「負責人員」。發牌以「適當人選」為準則，會考慮學歷、行業經驗、勝任能力同信譽；證監會亦發出《勝任能力的指引》，列明行業經驗同考試等要求。除獲豁免外，申請人通常要通過香港證券及投資學會主辦嘅資格考試相關試卷。","bodyEn":"If analytical work involves advising on securities, it falls under the SFC's Type 4 regulated activity and requires an SFC licence: ordinary staff apply as a \"licensed representative\", while those supervising the business become \"responsible officers\". Licensing is based on the \"fit and proper\" test, considering academic qualifications, industry experience, competence and reputation; the SFC also issues Guidelines on Competence setting out industry-experience and examination requirements. Unless exempted, applicants usually pass the relevant papers of the licensing examination run by the Hong Kong Securities and Investment Institute."},{"titleZh":"唔係個個分析師都要牌","titleEn":"Not every analyst needs a licence","bodyZh":"要留意，「投資分析師」係一個職能名稱，唔係個個都要證監會牌照。假如你嘅工作係就證券提供意見、發布研究或向客戶推介買賣，通常要領牌；但如果係純粹做內部研究、非證券類分析，或者只係支援性質，就未必受規管。同樣地，CFA 等專業資格係行業加分項，唔係法定要求。入行前最好睇清楚實際職務同事業機構嘅要求，唔好假設「叫得分析師就要有牌」。","bodyEn":"Note that \"investment analyst\" is a functional title, and not every such role needs an SFC licence. If the work involves advising on securities, publishing research or recommending trades to clients, a licence is usually required; but purely internal or non-securities analysis, or supporting roles, may not be regulated. Likewise, credentials such as the CFA are an industry advantage, not a legal requirement. Before joining, it is worth checking the actual duties and the requirements of the prospective employer rather than assuming that any job called \"analyst\" must be licensed."}],"payBasisZh":"投資分析師無官方薪級，薪酬同獎金由僱主（銀行、證券行、資產管理公司等）按職級、表現同業績自行決定；本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Investment analysts have no official pay scale: pay and bonuses are set by the employer (a bank, brokerage or asset manager) according to grade, performance and results; this site does not state figures.","entryZh":["通常要求大學學位，主修金融、經濟、會計或相關科目","如職務涉及就證券提供意見，須向證監會領取持牌代表或負責人員牌照","除獲豁免外，通過香港證券及投資學會資格考試相關試卷","符合證監會《勝任能力的指引》所訂嘅行業經驗等要求","具 CFA 等專業資格者較有優勢（屬市場慣例而非法定要求）"],"entryEn":["Usually a university degree, typically in finance, economics, accounting or a related field","If the role involves advising on securities, an SFC licence as a licensed representative or responsible officer","Pass the relevant HKSI licensing examination papers unless exempted","Meeting the industry-experience and other requirements in the SFC's Guidelines on Competence","Credentials such as the CFA are an advantage (a market convention, not a legal requirement)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"受僱於持牌法團 → 考牌執業","titleEn":"Join a licensed firm → get licensed","stepsZh":["取得金融、經濟或會計等相關學位","受僱於持牌法團（銀行、券商或資產管理公司）","通過 HKSI 資格考試相關試卷，申請證監會持牌代表牌照","累積經驗同表現，晉升至負責人員或研究主管"],"stepsEn":["Obtain a relevant degree in finance, economics or accounting","Join a licensed corporation (bank, brokerage or asset manager)","Pass the relevant HKSI papers and apply for an SFC licensed representative licence","Build experience and performance to progress to responsible officer or head of research"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"研究助理／分析員","titleEn":"Research Assistant / Analyst"},{"titleZh":"分析師","titleEn":"Analyst"},{"titleZh":"高級分析師","titleEn":"Senior Analyst"},{"titleZh":"研究部主管","titleEn":"Head of Research"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"研究助理／分析員","titleEn":"Research Assistant / Analyst"},{"titleZh":"分析師","titleEn":"Analyst"},{"titleZh":"高級分析師","titleEn":"Senior Analyst"},{"titleZh":"研究部主管","titleEn":"Head of Research"}],"sourceIds":["careers-investment-analyst-1","careers-investment-analyst-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"jockey","titleZh":"騎師","titleEn":"Jockey","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"騎師喺賽事中策騎馬匹出賽，賽前試閘、研究賽事形勢同馬匹狀態，賽後向練馬師匯報，日常包括晨操同體能訓練；香港嘅騎師主要由香港賽馬會「賽事見習學員」計劃培訓，再經見習騎師階段晉升。","ledeEn":"Jockeys ride horses in races, doing barrier trials, studying race conditions and horse form and reporting to trainers, with mornings spent on trackwork and physical training; Hong Kong jockeys are mainly produced by the Jockey Club's Racing Trainee Programme and then the apprentice-jockey stage.","bodyZh":"騎師嘅工作，遠唔止賽事當日。清晨就要起身操馬、試閘，同練馬師研究馬匹狀態同賽事部署；出賽前要造磅、研究對手同檔位、同練馬師定策騎指示；賽後要向練馬師匯報馬匹表現。體重控制係騎師嘅日常功課，加上嚴格嘅體能訓練，先可以在高速中安全控制馬匹。香港每個賽馬日都有大量本地同海外騎師角逐，競爭激烈。\n\n入行主要靠香港賽馬會嘅培訓系統。馬會嘅賽馬人才培訓中心每年六月至八月招募「賽事見習學員」，入職條件係年滿十五歲、完成中三課程，並對體育運動有濃厚興趣同有志加入賽馬行業。招募流程包括篩選、體能測試（涵蓋視力、捲腹、爆發力、手眼協調、柔韌度、平衡力、手握力同心肺功能）、面試同馬匹接觸測試，再到選拔體驗營。基礎課程喺廣州黃村上課，內容包括騎術、馬房管理、馬匹料理、運動科學、英語同體能鍛鍊，課程資歷獲香港學術及職業資歷評審局認可。\n\n成為見習騎師之後，仲要經較長時間嘅學藝同累積出賽經驗，再由馬會牌照委員會發牌，先可以正式以見習騎師身分出賽。香港賽事規例亦訂明，除馬會董事局另有決定外，任何人如非已與馬會簽訂學徒契約，或未曾在認可賽馬機構持有騎師牌照，都唔會獲發騎師牌照。呢行入行年齡細、訓練期長、淘汰率高，但一旦成為正式騎師，就會喺本地以至國際賽事亮相。","bodyEn":"A jockey's job goes far beyond race day. Mornings begin with trackwork and barrier trials, discussing a horse's condition and race planning with the trainer; before a race come weighing out, studying rivals and draw, and taking riding instructions; afterwards comes reporting the horse's performance to the trainer. Weight control is a daily discipline, alongside strict physical training, to control a horse safely at speed. Every raceday in Hong Kong draws a large field of local and overseas jockeys, so competition is intense.\n\nEntry is mainly through the Jockey Club's training system. The Club's Racing Talent Training Centre recruits \"Racing Trainees\" each year from June to August; the entry conditions are being aged 15 or above, having completed Secondary 3, and showing a strong interest in sports and a wish to join the racing industry. Recruitment includes screening, a physical fitness test (covering vision, sit-ups, power, hand-eye coordination, flexibility, balance, grip strength and cardio-respiratory fitness), interviews and a horse-contact test, followed by a selection camp. Foundation training is held at Huangcun in Guangzhou, covering riding, stable management, horse care, sports science, English and physical training, and the qualification is recognised by the Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications.\n\nBecoming an apprentice jockey is not the end: apprentices spend a longer period learning and accumulating race experience before the Club's Licensing Committee issues a licence for them to race as apprentice jockeys. Hong Kong's Rules of Racing also provide that, unless the Stewards otherwise determine, no one is granted a jockey's licence unless they have been indentured to the Club or have held a jockey's licence under the rules of a recognised racing authority. The field is entered young, involves long training and has a high dropout rate — but once a fully fledged jockey, you appear in local and international races.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：由清晨操馬到賽日","titleEn":"The job: from dawn trackwork to raceday","bodyZh":"騎師嘅一日由天未光開始：操馬、試閘、同練馬師研究馬匹狀態同賽事策略；出賽日就要造磅、熱身、研究對手同檔位，落場後喺幾分鐘內完成策騎判斷，賽後向練馬師交代。平時仲要做體能訓練同控制體重——體重超標唔單止影響表現，仲可能影響出賽資格。呢份工講求專注、膽識同紀律，亦要承受受傷風險同成績壓力。","bodyEn":"A jockey's day starts before dawn: trackwork, barrier trials, and discussions with the trainer about a horse's condition and race strategy. On raceday come weighing out, warming up, studying rivals and draw, then minutes of split-second riding decisions, followed by a debrief with the trainer. Between races come physical training and weight control — being over the weight can affect not only performance but eligibility to ride. The job demands focus, courage and discipline, plus tolerance of injury risk and performance pressure."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：賽事見習學員招募","titleEn":"The gate: Racing Trainee recruitment","bodyZh":"想成為騎師，一般要考入香港賽馬會嘅賽事見習學員計劃。入職條件係年滿十五歲、完成中三課程，個性積極、專注及勤奮，對體育運動有濃厚興趣並有志加入賽馬行業。招募每年六月至八月進行，流程包括篩選、體能測試、面試同馬匹接觸測試，最後到廣州黃村嘅選拔體驗營；表現達標者先會成為新一批賽事見習學員。課程提供住宿，學員受訓期間可按月獲發薪金。","bodyEn":"To become a jockey, one normally has to enter the Jockey Club's Racing Trainee Programme. The entry conditions are being aged 15 or above, having completed Secondary 3, being proactive, focused and diligent, and having a strong interest in sport and a wish to join racing. Recruitment runs from June to August and includes screening, a physical fitness test, interviews and a horse-contact test, ending at a selection camp in Huangcun, Guangzhou; only those who perform up to standard become the new intake of Racing Trainees. Accommodation is provided, and trainees receive a monthly salary during training."},{"titleZh":"見習騎師到正式騎師","titleEn":"From apprentice to jockey","bodyZh":"學員要先做見習騎師學員（Trainee Apprentice Jockey），再成為見習騎師（Apprentice Jockey），期間會隨指定練馬師學習騎術同馬房管理，部分人仲會獲派到海外學藝同累積出賽經驗。見習騎師要在賽事中做出成績，先有機會轉為正式騎師。喺香港，發牌由馬會牌照委員會把關，賽事規例對騎師執照嘅發出有明確規定。呢條路淘汰率高、訓練期長，但亦係香港培育出多位國際級騎師嘅主要途徑。","bodyEn":"Trainees first become Trainee Apprentice Jockeys and then Apprentice Jockeys, learning riding and stable management under an assigned trainer, with some posted overseas to train and gain race experience. Apprentices must prove themselves in races before they may graduate to fully fledged jockeys. In Hong Kong, licensing is controlled by the Club's Licensing Committee, and the Rules of Racing set out clear conditions for granting a jockey's licence. The path has a high dropout rate and a long training period, yet it is the main route through which Hong Kong has produced several world-class jockeys."}],"payBasisZh":"騎師嘅收入由香港賽馬會按賽事規例同相關安排釐定（例如策騎費同獎金安排）；賽事見習學員受訓期間由馬會按月發薪同提供住宿。無公開官方薪級，本站不列金額。","payBasisEn":"A jockey's income is set by the Hong Kong Jockey Club under the Rules of Racing and related arrangements (for example riding fees and prize-money arrangements); during training, Racing Trainees receive a monthly salary and accommodation from the Club. There is no public official pay scale, and this site does not state figures.","entryZh":["年滿十五歲","完成中三課程","個性積極、專注及勤奮，對體育運動有濃厚興趣","通過體能測試（視力、柔韌度、手握力、心肺功能等多個項目）","通過面試、馬匹接觸測試同選拔體驗營"],"entryEn":["Aged 15 or above","Completed Secondary 3","Proactive, focused and diligent, with a strong interest in sport","Pass the physical fitness test (covering vision, flexibility, grip strength, cardio-respiratory fitness and more)","Pass interviews, the horse-contact test and the selection camp"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"賽事見習學員 → 見習騎師 → 騎師","titleEn":"Racing Trainee → Apprentice Jockey → Jockey","stepsZh":["六月至八月報名參加賽事見習學員招募","通過體能測試、面試、馬匹接觸測試同選拔體驗營","在廣州黃村接受基礎課程訓練","隨練馬師學習並累積出賽經驗，經牌照委員會發牌後出賽"],"stepsEn":["Apply for Racing Trainee recruitment between June and August","Pass the fitness test, interviews, horse-contact test and selection camp","Undergo foundation training at Huangcun, Guangzhou","Learn under a trainer and build race experience, racing once licensed by the Licensing Committee"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"賽事見習學員","titleEn":"Racing Trainee"},{"titleZh":"見習騎師學員","titleEn":"Trainee Apprentice Jockey"},{"titleZh":"見習騎師","titleEn":"Apprentice Jockey"},{"titleZh":"騎師","titleEn":"Jockey"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"賽事見習學員","titleEn":"Racing Trainee"},{"titleZh":"見習騎師學員","titleEn":"Trainee Apprentice Jockey"},{"titleZh":"見習騎師","titleEn":"Apprentice Jockey"},{"titleZh":"騎師","titleEn":"Jockey"}],"sourceIds":["careers-jockey-1","careers-jockey-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"kindergarten-teacher","titleZh":"幼稚園教師","titleEn":"Kindergarten teacher","industryZh":"教育及培訓","industryEn":"Education & training","sectorId":"education","ledeZh":"幼稚園教師照顧同教導三至六歲幼兒，設計主題活動、講故事、做美勞同體能遊戲，並記錄幼兒發展同同家長溝通；香港係法定規管行業，任教者須向教育局註冊為檢定教員或准用教員。","ledeEn":"Kindergarten teachers care for and teach children aged three to six, planning themed activities, storytelling, art and physical play, recording development and talking with parents; teaching in Hong Kong is statutorily regulated, and teachers must register with the Education Bureau as registered or permitted teachers.","bodyZh":"幼稚園教師嘅工作，包括訂定課程內容、設計同編寫教案、預備物資同上課、管理課堂秩序、統籌學校活動、做兒童評估同家長教育工作，並處理校長或主任委派嘅行政工作。對象係三至六歲嘅幼兒，所以除咗教學，仲要兼顧照顧、安全同情緒支援。教育局嘅生涯規劃資料顯示，呢份工嘅工時唔短，平日約莫每星期五十至六十小時，有時仲要帶學生外出活動。\n\n入行有法定關卡。《教育條例》規定，任何人喺學校任教，必須係註冊教師或准用教師。持有認可教師培訓資歷（例如幼兒教育證書或高級文憑、教育文憑等）嘅人，可向教育局申請註冊為「檢定教員」；只有學歷但冇師訓嘅人，就要由學校申請，以「准用教員」身分任教。學歷方面，幼稚園教師一般要持有教育局認可嘅幼兒教育學位或高級文憑（CE）；持學士學位者亦可受聘，但通常要在入職後兩年內修畢合格幼稚園教師訓練課程。\n\n另外，任教普通話或英國語文嘅教師，須符合教育局嘅教師語文能力要求；參加幼稚園教育計劃嘅幼稚園，新聘月薪教師仲要在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格成績。業界實況係：幼稚園教師流動性較高，薪酬視乎辦學機構而定，並無劃一官方薪級；但隨著學位化同專業化推進，具備認可資歷甚至幼兒教育學位嘅教師，議價能力同晉升機會會較好。","bodyEn":"A kindergarten teacher's work includes setting the curriculum, designing and writing lesson plans, preparing materials and teaching, managing classroom order, coordinating school activities, assessing children and working with parents, plus administrative tasks assigned by the principal or panel head. The children are aged three to six, so besides teaching there is care, safety and emotional support. Education Bureau careers information shows the hours are long — around 50 to 60 hours a week on weekdays — with occasional outings with students.\n\nEntry has a statutory gate. The Education Ordinance provides that anyone teaching in a school must be a registered teacher or a permitted teacher. Those holding a recognised teacher training qualification (for example an early childhood education certificate or higher diploma, or a postgraduate diploma in education) may apply to the Education Bureau to register as a \"registered teacher\"; those with academic qualifications but no teacher training must be applied for by a school and teach as a \"permitted teacher\". On qualifications, kindergarten teachers generally need an Education Bureau-recognised early childhood education degree or higher diploma (CE); holders of a bachelor's degree may also be appointed, but usually must complete a qualified kindergarten teacher training course within two years of joining.\n\nIn addition, teachers of Putonghua or English must meet the Education Bureau's language proficiency requirements; for kindergartens in the Kindergarten Education Scheme, newly appointed monthly-paid teachers must also pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. The reality of the field is that turnover is relatively high and pay depends on the individual kindergarten, with no unified official scale; but as qualification and professionalisation advance, teachers with recognised credentials — even an early childhood education degree — have better bargaining power and promotion prospects.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：教學同照顧並重","titleEn":"The job: teaching plus care","bodyZh":"幼稚園教師唔止教書：要設計同帶領主題活動、講故事、做美勞同音樂、安排體能遊戲，亦要照顧幼兒嘅飲食、衞生同情緒，觀察同記錄佢哋嘅發展進度。平日仲要備課、佈置課室、同家長溝通，並處理學校活動同行政工作。工時普遍較長，日常約每星期五十至六十小時；開學、家長會同大型活動前後，工作量會特別大。","bodyEn":"Kindergarten teachers do more than teach: they design and lead themed activities, tell stories, run art, music and physical play, and also look after children's eating, hygiene and emotions, observing and recording their development. They also handle safety and first aid. Day to day there is lesson preparation, classroom displays, communication with parents, and school events and administration. Hours are generally long — around 50 to 60 a week on weekdays — with particularly heavy workloads around term starts, parent meetings and big events."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：教師註冊同資歷","titleEn":"The gate: teacher registration and qualifications","bodyZh":"《教育條例》規定學校任教者必須係註冊教師或准用教師，所以入行前要先解決註冊問題。持有認可師訓資歷（例如幼兒教育證書／高級文憑或教育文憑）嘅，可經教育局申請註冊為檢定教員；否則要由僱主學校申請准用教員。學歷上，幼稚園教師一般要持有教育局認可嘅幼兒教育學位或高級文憑；持學士學位者亦可受僱，但通常須於入職後兩年內完成合格幼稚園教師訓練。","bodyEn":"The Education Ordinance requires anyone teaching in a school to be a registered or permitted teacher, so registration must be sorted out before starting. Those with a recognised teacher training qualification (such as an early childhood education certificate/higher diploma or a postgraduate diploma in education) may apply to the Education Bureau to register as a registered teacher; otherwise the employing school must apply for a permitted teacher. On qualifications, kindergarten teachers generally need an Education Bureau-recognised early childhood education degree or higher diploma; degree holders may also be appointed but normally must complete a qualified kindergarten teacher training course within two years."},{"titleZh":"語文要求同行業實況","titleEn":"Language requirements and industry reality","bodyZh":"任教普通話或英國語文嘅幼稚園教師，須符合教育局嘅教師語文能力要求；參加幼稚園教育計劃嘅幼稚園，新聘月薪教師須在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格成績。業界方面，幼稚園教師流動性較高，薪酬由各辦學機構按市場同資歷釐定，並無劃一官方薪級。長遠睇，隨住幼兒教育學位化同專業化，具備認可資歷、甚至持有幼兒教育學位嘅教師，議價能力同晉升機會較佳。","bodyEn":"Kindergarten teachers who teach Putonghua or English must meet the Education Bureau's language proficiency requirements, and for kindergartens in the Kindergarten Education Scheme, newly appointed monthly-paid teachers must pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. In the field, turnover among kindergarten teachers is relatively high, and pay is set by each sponsoring body according to the market and qualifications, with no unified official scale. Longer term, as early childhood education moves towards degree-level and greater professionalisation, teachers with recognised credentials — even a degree in early childhood education — enjoy better bargaining power and promotion prospects."}],"payBasisZh":"幼稚園教師無劃一官方薪級，薪酬由個別幼稚園（辦學機構）按市場同資歷決定；參加幼稚園教育計劃嘅幼稚園，其教師薪酬按政府為計劃訂明嘅薪級安排。本站不列金額。","payBasisEn":"Kindergarten teachers have no unified official pay scale: pay is decided by the individual kindergarten (sponsoring body) according to the market and qualifications; for kindergartens in the Kindergarten Education Scheme, teacher pay follows the pay-scale arrangements prescribed by the Government for the scheme. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["在中學文憑考試五科考獲第2級或同等或以上（或會考五科第2級／E級或以上），包括中英文科","持有教育局認可嘅幼兒教育學位或高級文憑（CE）","持學士學位者亦可受聘，但通常須於入職後兩年內修畢合格幼稚園教師訓練課程","向教育局註冊為檢定教員或准用教員","任教普通話或英國語文者須符合教師語文能力要求；參加幼稚園教育計劃嘅新聘月薪教師須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試"],"entryEn":["Level 2 or equivalent or above in five HKDSEE subjects (or Level 2/Grade E or above in five HKCEE subjects), including Chinese and English","An Education Bureau-recognised early childhood education degree or higher diploma (CE)","Degree holders may also be appointed but normally must complete a qualified kindergarten teacher training course within two years","Registration with the Education Bureau as a registered or permitted teacher","Teachers of Putonghua or English must meet the language proficiency requirements; new monthly-paid teachers in the Kindergarten Education Scheme must pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"讀幼教課程 → 註冊教員 → 入職","titleEn":"Study ECE → register as a teacher → take up a post","stepsZh":["修讀教育局認可嘅幼兒教育學位或高級文憑","向教育局申請註冊為檢定教員（如未有師訓則由學校申請准用教員）","應徵幼稚園教職，通過僱主甄選","入職後按需要進修，爭取主任或校長等職位"],"stepsEn":["Complete an Education Bureau-recognised early childhood education degree or higher diploma","Apply to the Education Bureau to register as a registered teacher (or, without teacher training, a school applies for permitted teacher status)","Apply for kindergarten teaching posts and pass the employer's selection","Continue studying as needed and aim for panel head or principal posts"],"sourceIds":[]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"幼稚園教師","titleEn":"Kindergarten Teacher"},{"titleZh":"主任","titleEn":"Panel Head"},{"titleZh":"副校長","titleEn":"Vice-Principal"},{"titleZh":"二級校長","titleEn":"Second-level Principal"},{"titleZh":"一級校長","titleEn":"First-level Principal"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"幼稚園教師","titleEn":"Kindergarten Teacher"},{"titleZh":"主任","titleEn":"Panel Head"},{"titleZh":"副校長","titleEn":"Vice-Principal"},{"titleZh":"二級校長","titleEn":"Second-level Principal"},{"titleZh":"一級校長","titleEn":"First-level Principal"}],"sourceIds":["careers-kindergarten-teacher-1","careers-kindergarten-teacher-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"labour-officer","titleZh":"勞工事務主任","titleEn":"Labour Officer","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"勞工事務主任係勞工處嘅公務員職系，負責執行勞工法例——巡查工作場所、調查工傷同欠薪、調解勞資糾紛；入職要經公務員學位職系聯合招聘，並通過綜合招聘考試同《基本法及香港國安法》測試。","ledeEn":"A Labour Officer is a civil-service grade in the Labour Department, enforcing labour legislation by inspecting workplaces, investigating injuries and wage claims and conciliating disputes; entry is through the joint civil-service degree-grade recruitment exercise, the Common Recruitment Examination and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test.","bodyZh":"勞工事務主任派駐勞工處唔同分部，官方入門職銜係「二級助理勞工事務主任」。工作圍繞執行勞工法例同保障僱員權益：巡查工作場所、調查工業意外同職業病、跟進欠薪同僱傭申索、出席勞資糾紛嘅調停會議，同埋推行就業服務同職業安全推廣。勞工處嘅勞工事務行政部之下設有法定最低工資科、補充勞工科、僱員補償科、勞工視察科、檢控科等多個單位，主任會按需要輪調，所以要有心理準備隨時轉換崗位。\n\n入職屬公務員學位職系招聘。政府每年為政務主任、二級行政主任、二級助理勞工事務主任、二級助理貿易主任同二級管理參議主任等職位舉行聯合招聘。以二○二五至二六年度為例，二級助理勞工事務主任嘅招聘目標為十人，申請人須在聯合招聘考試取得及格成績，同時具備綜合招聘考試中文運用同英文運用兩張語文試卷嘅二級（或同等）成績、能力傾向測試及格，以及《基本法及香港國安法》測試及格；學歷方面要持有香港嘅大學學士學位或同等學歷。\n\n呢個職系嘅特點係「法例加人」並重：既要熟條文、識搜證同寫報告，亦要面對面接觸僱主同僱員，處理情緒同衝突。工作好多時要外勤，走入地盤、工廠、酒樓同辦公室處理個案，遇上有關工業行動或大型欠薪事件，更要隨時候命。晉升方面，由二級助理勞工事務主任拾級而上，可升至勞工事務主任、高級勞工事務主任，以至首席勞工事務主任等職級。","bodyEn":"Labour Officers are posted across the Labour Department, with the entry rank known as Assistant Labour Officer II. The work centres on enforcing labour legislation and protecting employee rights: inspecting workplaces, investigating industrial accidents and occupational diseases, following up wage arrears and employment claims, attending conciliation meetings in labour disputes, and promoting employment services and occupational safety. The department's Labour Administration Division houses units such as the Statutory Minimum Wage Division, the Supplementary Labour Division, the Employees' Compensation Division, the Labour Inspection Division and the Prosecution Division, and officers rotate between postings as needed, so they must expect to change portfolios.\n\nEntry is through the civil-service degree-grade recruitment. Each year the Government runs a joint recruitment exercise for posts including Administrative Officer, Executive Officer II, Assistant Labour Officer II, Assistant Trade Officer II and Management Services Officer II. In the 2025-26 exercise, for example, the recruitment target for Assistant Labour Officer II was ten. Candidates must pass the Joint Recruitment Examination and also hold Level 2 (or equivalent) in the two language papers of the Common Recruitment Examination, a pass in the Aptitude Test and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test; a bachelor's degree from a Hong Kong university or equivalent is required.\n\nThe grade combines law and people. Officers must know the legislation, gather evidence and write reports, but also deal face to face with employers and employees, handling emotion and conflict. Much of the work is out in the field, visiting sites, factories, restaurants and offices, and during industrial action or large wage-arrears cases officers may be on call. On promotion, an officer rises from Assistant Labour Officer II to Labour Officer, Senior Labour Officer and eventually ranks such as Principal Labour Officer.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：巡查、調查同調停","titleEn":"The job: inspection, investigation and conciliation","bodyZh":"勞工事務主任一日做啲乜，好視乎派去邊個單位。勞工視察科會突擊巡查各行各業，檢視有無違反僱傭條例同安全規定；僱員補償科同僱傭申索調查科會跟進工傷個案同欠薪投訴，必要時搜證、錄取口供同出庭作供；勞資關係科就會主持調停會議，協助僱主同僱員喺自願基礎上達成和解。無論邊一科，都要寫大量紀錄、報告同文件，仲要熟練運用中英文。","bodyEn":"What a Labour Officer does on a given day depends on the unit. The Labour Inspection Division carries out surprise inspections across industries to check compliance with employment and safety rules; the Employees' Compensation Division and the Employment Claims Investigation Division follow up injury cases and wage complaints, gathering evidence, taking statements and giving evidence in court when needed; the Labour Relations Division chairs conciliation meetings to help employers and employees reach a voluntary settlement. Whatever the unit, the job means heavy records, reports and documents, and a good command of both Chinese and English."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：公務員學位職系聯合招聘","titleEn":"The gate: joint civil-service degree-grade recruitment","bodyZh":"呢個職位屬公務員學位職系，唔可以自行投考單一職位，而要經由政府每年嘅聯合招聘。申請人要先報考綜合招聘考試嘅中文運用同英文運用兩卷（需達二級或同等），以及能力傾向測試；另外要通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。符合資格嘅申請人會獲安排應考聯合招聘考試，內容為中英文寫作同分析。學歷要求係香港嘅大學學士學位或同等學歷，現正修讀而將於指定學年畢業嘅學生亦可申請。","bodyEn":"The post belongs to the civil-service degree grades, so applicants do not apply to it alone but through the Government's annual joint recruitment. Candidates first sit the Use of Chinese and Use of English papers of the Common Recruitment Examination (needing Level 2 or equivalent) and the Aptitude Test, and pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Those eligible are arranged to sit the Joint Recruitment Examination, which tests Chinese and English writing and analysis. The academic requirement is a bachelor's degree from a Hong Kong university or equivalent, and students graduating in a specified academic year may also apply."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"勞工事務主任嘅好處係工作穩定、有完整公務員福利同清晰職級，而且接觸面廣，會處理到最低工資、補充勞工、僱員補償等貼身議題。代價係要接受調派同輪調，好多崗位涉及外勤同衝突場面，亦要隨時應對突發嘅勞資事件。呢個職系競爭激烈，聯合招聘名額有限，落選者可以下一年再考。入職後如表現理想，可循職級階梯晉升，亦有機會調往政策局或勞工處核心單位，累積更廣嘅行政經驗。","bodyEn":"The benefits of the grade are stability, full civil-service benefits and a clear rank structure, plus broad exposure to front-line issues such as the minimum wage, supplementary labour and employees' compensation. The cost is accepting postings and rotations, with many roles involving field work and confrontational situations, and being ready for sudden labour incidents. Competition is strong and the number of places in the joint recruitment is limited, so unsuccessful candidates can try again the next year. With good performance, officers climb the rank ladder and may be posted to policy bureaux or core Labour Department units to broaden their administrative experience."}],"payBasisZh":"勞工事務主任係公務員職位，薪酬按政府總薪級表所屬職級嘅薪點釐定，由公務員事務局依職級同服務年資規定並定期調整。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"The Labour Officer is a civil-service post, so pay follows the relevant points on the Government's Master Pay Scale, set by the Civil Service Bureau according to rank and years of service and adjusted periodically. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["持有香港嘅大學學士學位或同等學歷","通過公務員學位職系聯合招聘考試","綜合招聘考試中文運用同英文運用兩卷考獲二級或同等成績，能力傾向測試及格","《基本法及香港國安法》測試及格","通過招聘面試，並願意接受調派、輪調同外勤工作"],"entryEn":["A bachelor's degree from a Hong Kong university or equivalent","A pass in the Joint Recruitment Examination for the civil-service degree grades","Level 2 or equivalent in the Use of Chinese and Use of English papers of the Common Recruitment Examination, plus a pass in the Aptitude Test","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Success in recruitment interviews, and willingness to accept postings, rotation and field work"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"大學學位 → 聯合招聘 → 二級助理勞工事務主任","titleEn":"University degree → joint recruitment → Assistant Labour Officer II","stepsZh":["完成香港嘅大學學士學位或同等學歷","報考綜合招聘考試（中文運用、英文運用、能力傾向測試）同《基本法及香港國安法》測試","在公務員學位職系聯合招聘遞交申請並應考聯合招聘考試","通過面試後獲聘為二級助理勞工事務主任，按需要輪調勞工處各分部"],"stepsEn":["Complete a bachelor's degree from a Hong Kong university or equivalent","Sit the Common Recruitment Examination (Use of Chinese, Use of English and Aptitude Test) and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Submit an application in the joint civil-service degree-grade recruitment and sit the Joint Recruitment Examination","Join as Assistant Labour Officer II after passing the interview, and rotate across Labour Department divisions as required"],"sourceIds":["careers-labour-officer-1","careers-labour-officer-2","careers-labour-officer-3"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"二級助理勞工事務主任","titleEn":"Assistant Labour Officer II"},{"titleZh":"一級助理勞工事務主任","titleEn":"Assistant Labour Officer I"},{"titleZh":"勞工事務主任","titleEn":"Labour Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級勞工事務主任","titleEn":"Senior Labour Officer"},{"titleZh":"首席勞工事務主任","titleEn":"Principal Labour Officer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"二級助理勞工事務主任","titleEn":"Assistant Labour Officer II"},{"titleZh":"一級助理勞工事務主任","titleEn":"Assistant Labour Officer I"},{"titleZh":"勞工事務主任","titleEn":"Labour Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級勞工事務主任","titleEn":"Senior Labour Officer"},{"titleZh":"首席勞工事務主任","titleEn":"Principal Labour Officer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-labour-officer-1","careers-labour-officer-2","careers-labour-officer-3","careers-labour-officer-4","careers-labour-officer-5","careers-labour-officer-6"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"land-surveyor","titleZh":"土地測量師","titleEn":"Land surveyor","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"土地測量師負責土地界線同地形測量、設定工程位置，亦處理土地註冊圖則同界址爭議；香港以《測量師註冊條例》規管「註冊專業測量師」名銜，執業者須向測量師註冊管理局註冊。","ledeEn":"Land surveyors run boundary and topographic surveys, set out engineering works and handle land registration plans and boundary disputes; Hong Kong regulates the title Registered Professional Surveyor under the Surveyors Registration Ordinance, and practitioners must register with the Surveyors Registration Board.","bodyZh":"土地測量師嘅工作分幾條線。最基本係土地界線測量：釐定地段界址、重設失蹤界石、繪製土地註冊圖則，並在界址爭議中提供專業意見。另一條線係工程測量：為道路、橋樑、隧道同樓宇工程設定位置同標高，確保建造位置準確。此外亦做地形測量，用全站儀、衞星定位系統同無人機拍攝建立數碼地形模型。近年大型基建同新發展區推進，帶動對測量人手嘅需求。\n\n香港對測量師名銜有法定規管。《測量師註冊條例》（第417章）下設測量師註冊管理局，只有名列註冊專業測量師名冊、持有有效註冊嘅人，才可以用「註冊專業測量師」名銜。土地測量屬六大組別之一。要註冊，一般須為香港測量師學會相關組別嘅會員，或管理局接納嘅其他測量學會會員，並具備至少一年在香港嘅相關專業經驗，通常居於香港、無受紀律處分，並聲明自己勝任。註冊有效期一年，須逐年續期；管理局在特定情況下可要求申請人應考筆試。\n\n測量師可以喺私營顧問公司、承建商、政府部門或自行執業。政府方面，地政總署設有土地測量師職系，負責土地界址測量同土地紀錄管理。香港測量師學會本身在一九八四年成立，並於一九九○年獲《香港測量師學會條例》確認為法定機構，可見呢個專業嘅制度化歷史相當長。取得註冊專業測量師資格後，出路包括出任政府土地測量師、顧問公司項目測量師，或自行執業。","bodyEn":"Land surveying has several strands. The most basic is boundary surveying: defining lot boundaries, re-establishing lost boundary stones, preparing land registration plans and advising in boundary disputes. Another is engineering surveying: setting out position and level for roads, bridges, tunnels and building works so that they are built in the right place. Surveyors also carry out topographic surveying, using total stations, satellite positioning and drone imagery to build digital terrain models. In recent years major infrastructure and new development areas have driven demand for surveying manpower.\n\nHong Kong regulates the surveyor title by statute. Under the Surveyors Registration Ordinance (Cap. 417) there is a Surveyors Registration Board, and only a person on the register of Registered Professional Surveyors holding valid registration may use the title Registered Professional Surveyor. Land surveying is one of six divisions. To register, a person is normally a member of the relevant division of The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors, or of another accepted surveying institution, and has at least one year of relevant professional experience in Hong Kong, ordinarily resides in Hong Kong, is not subject to disciplinary sanction and declares himself or herself competent. Registration runs for one year and must be renewed annually; the Board may in certain cases require a written examination.\n\nSurveyors work in private consultancies, contractors' firms, government departments or on their own account. In government, the Lands Department has a land surveyor grade handling boundary surveys and land records. The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors was founded in 1984 and was recognised as a statutory body in 1990 under the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors Ordinance, showing how long the profession has been institutionalised. Once registered as a Registered Professional Surveyor, paths include government land surveyor, project surveyor in a consultancy, or private practice.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：界線、工程同地形測量","titleEn":"The job: boundary, engineering and topographic surveying","bodyZh":"土地測量師嘅日常，離不開「準」字。做界線測量時，要翻查舊圖則同測量紀錄，喺現場搵返界石同界樁位置，再用儀器覆核，一有偏差就可能引致業權爭議，所以要非常嚴謹。做工程測量時，就要同承建商同工程師協調，為打樁、鋪管、道路放樣設定正確位置同標高，工程一旦開工，測量誤差往往難以補救。近年數碼化同無人機普及，令地形測量效率大增，但核心嘅判斷同覆核仍然靠人。","bodyEn":"Accuracy defines the daily work of a land surveyor. In boundary surveying, one studies old plans and survey records, finds boundary stones and pegs on site and re-checks them with instruments; even a small error can trigger an ownership dispute, so precision is essential. In engineering surveying, one coordinates with contractors and engineers to set the correct position and level for piling, pipe-laying and road setting-out, since a survey error is often hard to correct once work has started. Digital tools and drones have made topographic surveying far more efficient, but the judgement and cross-checking still rest with people."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：《測量師註冊條例》","titleEn":"The gate: the Surveyors Registration Ordinance","bodyZh":"要用「註冊專業測量師」名銜執業，必須先通過法定註冊。申請人一般須為香港測量師學會土地測量組嘅會員（或管理局接納嘅其他測量學會會員），加上至少一年在香港嘅相關經驗，通常居於香港，並無受紀律處分。管理局會審核申請，必要時要求補交文件或應考筆試。註冊同續期都有一年期限制，過期未續就唔可以繼續用該名銜。呢個法定名銜制度，令測量師嘅專業水平同責任有清楚嘅規管基礎。","bodyEn":"To practise under the title Registered Professional Surveyor, a person must first be registered by statute. Applicants are normally members of the Land Surveying Division of The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors (or members of another accepted surveying institution), with at least one year of relevant experience in Hong Kong, ordinarily resident in Hong Kong and free of disciplinary sanction. The Board reviews the application and may require further documents or a written examination. Registration and its renewal carry annual limits, and once it lapses the title cannot be used. This statutory title system gives the profession a clear regulatory footing for its standards and responsibilities."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"測量師嘅出路大致分三類：政府（如地政總署）、私營顧問或承建商，同自行執業。政府職位穩定、參與大型土地同基建工作；顧問公司項目多樣、節奏快；自行執業則要自負盈虧同承擔專業責任。呢行嘅核心競爭力係註冊資格同實務經驗，尤其喺界址爭議同精密工程測量方面，經驗值錢。隨住舊區重建、鐵路同新發展區項目增加，對掌握傳統測量同新科技（無人機、三維掃描）嘅人才需求持續。","bodyEn":"Surveyors' paths fall broadly into three: government (such as the Lands Department), private consultancies or contractors, and private practice. Government posts are stable and involve large land and infrastructure work; consultancies offer varied projects at a fast pace; private practice means bearing both risk and professional liability. The core competitiveness of the field is registration plus practical experience, which is especially valuable in boundary disputes and precision engineering surveys. With urban renewal, railway and new development area projects growing, demand continues for talent that combines traditional surveying with new technology such as drones and 3D scanning."}],"payBasisZh":"土地測量師嘅收入視乎僱主而定：受僱於顧問公司、承建商或政府部門者，薪酬由所屬機構按職級同市場水平釐定；政府職位按公務員薪級表計算，自行執業者則按項目收費。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"A land surveyor's income depends on the employer: those employed by consultancies, contractors or government departments are paid by the organisation according to rank and market levels; government posts follow the civil-service pay scale, while those in private practice charge by project. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["持有香港測量師學會土地測量組會員資格，或其他獲管理局接納嘅測量學會會員資格","具備至少一年在香港嘅相關專業經驗","通常須居於香港","未受紀律處分，並聲明自己勝任","（如被要求）通過管理局指定嘅筆試"],"entryEn":["Membership of the Land Surveying Division of The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors, or of another accepted surveying institution","At least one year of relevant professional experience in Hong Kong","Ordinarily resident in Hong Kong","Free of disciplinary sanction, with a declaration of competence","Passing a written examination if required by the Board"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"測量學位 → 學會會員 → 註冊專業測量師","titleEn":"Surveying degree → institute membership → Registered Professional Surveyor","stepsZh":["完成獲認可嘅測量學位或專業課程","累積在香港嘅相關專業經驗，並成為香港測量師學會土地測量組會員","向測量師註冊管理局申請註冊為註冊專業測量師","註冊後逐年續期，維持有效註冊以使用該名銜"],"stepsEn":["Complete a recognised surveying degree or professional programme","Build relevant professional experience in Hong Kong and become a member of the Land Surveying Division of The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors","Apply to the Surveyors Registration Board for registration as a Registered Professional Surveyor","Renew registration annually to keep the title valid"],"sourceIds":["careers-land-surveyor-1","careers-land-surveyor-2","careers-land-surveyor-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習／助理土地測量師","titleEn":"Trainee / Assistant Land Surveyor"},{"titleZh":"註冊專業測量師（土地測量）","titleEn":"Registered Professional Surveyor (Land Surveying)"},{"titleZh":"高級土地測量師／項目主管","titleEn":"Senior Land Surveyor / Project Lead"},{"titleZh":"首席測量師／部門主管","titleEn":"Principal Surveyor / Head of Section"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習／助理土地測量師","titleEn":"Trainee / Assistant Land Surveyor"},{"titleZh":"註冊專業測量師（土地測量）","titleEn":"Registered Professional Surveyor (Land Surveying)"},{"titleZh":"高級土地測量師／項目主管","titleEn":"Senior Land Surveyor / Project Lead"},{"titleZh":"首席測量師／部門主管","titleEn":"Principal Surveyor / Head of Section"}],"sourceIds":["careers-land-surveyor-1","careers-land-surveyor-2","careers-land-surveyor-3","careers-land-surveyor-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"landscape-architect","titleZh":"園境師","titleEn":"Landscape architect","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"園境師規劃同設計公園、屋苑平台、街道綠化同公共空間，做植栽、排水同人流分析並跟進種植保養；香港以《園境師註冊條例》規管「註冊園境師」名銜，執業者須向園境師註冊管理局註冊。","ledeEn":"Landscape architects plan and design parks, podium gardens, street planting and public spaces, handling planting, drainage and circulation analysis and following through on planting and maintenance; Hong Kong regulates the title Registered Landscape Architect under the Landscape Architects Registration Ordinance.","bodyZh":"園境師嘅工作橫跨設計同建造。由構思階段嘅場地分析、植栽選擇同灌溉排水設計，到繪製設計圖、編寫技術規格同招標文件，再到地盤監督同後期保養，全程都要兼顧美學、生態、無障礙同安全。香港嘅園境項目包括公園、海濱長廊、屋苑平台花園、學校同醫院庭園、道路綠化同斜坡植生，亦愈來愈多涉及氣候適應同生物多樣性。\n\n香港對園境師名銜有法定規管。《園境師註冊條例》（第516章）下嘅園境師註冊管理局在一九九七年成立，只有名列註冊名冊、持有有效註冊嘅人，才可以用「註冊園境師」名銜，違者受罰則規管。要註冊，申請人通常須先成為香港園境師學會會員，並額外具備一年相關經驗；海外資歷須經評估。註冊亦要求申請人通常居於香港，連續離港超過指定年期可能影響註冊。政府嘅園境師職位，一般要求申請人具備學會專業會員資格、一年相關經驗，並已註冊為註冊園境師。\n\n園境師可以喺私營園境顧問公司、建築師樓、承建商、發展商，或政府嘅發展局、建築署、土木工程拓展署等部門工作。香港園境師學會在一九八八年成立，而園境師註冊制度則在一九九七年隨條例通過而建立，反映呢個專業由學會推動走向法定規管。近年大型基建同公共空間項目增加，園境師嘅角色亦由植栽設計擴展到整體環境規劃同可持續發展。","bodyEn":"Landscape architecture spans design and construction. From site analysis, plant selection and irrigation and drainage design at the concept stage, through drawing, technical specifications and tender documents, to site supervision and after-care, the role balances aesthetics, ecology, accessibility and safety. Hong Kong landscape projects include parks, waterfront promenades, podium gardens, school and hospital courtyards, street planting and slope greening, and increasingly touch on climate adaptation and biodiversity.\n\nHong Kong regulates the landscape architect title by statute. The Landscape Architects Registration Board, established in 1997 under the Landscape Architects Registration Ordinance (Cap. 516), provides that only a person on the register holding valid registration may use the title Registered Landscape Architect; breaches are subject to penalties. To register, applicants are usually first members of the Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects and need an additional year of relevant experience; overseas qualifications must be assessed. Registration also requires the applicant to be ordinarily resident in Hong Kong, and continuous absence beyond a specified period may affect registration. Government landscape architect posts generally require professional membership of the institute, a year of relevant experience and registration as a Registered Landscape Architect.\n\nLandscape architects work in private landscape consultancies, architectural firms, contractors, developers, or government bodies such as the Development Bureau, Architectural Services Department and Civil Engineering and Development Department. The Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects was founded in 1988, and the registration system was created in 1997 when the ordinance was passed, showing how the profession moved from institute promotion to statutory regulation. As major infrastructure and public space projects grow, the role has expanded from planting design to overall environmental planning and sustainability.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：由設計到地盤保養","titleEn":"The job: from design to site and after-care","bodyZh":"園境師嘅工作唔止畫圖。前期要做場地分析同實地考察，了解日照、風向、土壤、排水同使用者需要，再構思植栽同空間佈局。投標階段要寫技術規格、編製植栽清單同估算成本。到咗地盤，就要監督種植、泥層同灌溉系統嘅施工質素，確保樹木有足夠生長空間同土壤。落成後仲要跟進保養期嘅澆水、修剪同補種。呢份工既要美感，亦要識工程同植物生理。","bodyEn":"Landscape architects do more than draw. In the early phase they analyse the site and visit it, understanding sunlight, wind, soil, drainage and user needs, then devise planting and spatial layouts. At tender stage they write technical specifications, prepare plant schedules and estimate costs. On site, they supervise the quality of planting, soil and irrigation work, making sure trees have enough growing space and soil. After completion they follow up during the maintenance period with watering, pruning and replanting. The job needs an eye for aesthetics as well as knowledge of engineering and plant physiology."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：《園境師註冊條例》","titleEn":"The gate: the Landscape Architects Registration Ordinance","bodyZh":"要用「註冊園境師」名銜，須先向園境師註冊管理局註冊。申請人通常須為香港園境師學會會員，並在取得專業資格後額外累積一年相關經驗；持海外資歷者要經評估，確認等同本地水平。管理局亦要求申請人通常居於香港，並在連續離港超過指定年期時處理註冊事宜。要留意，成為學會會員並唔自動等於已註冊——呢兩重資格係分開嘅，執業名銜受法例保護，未註冊而使用該名銜會觸犯罰則。","bodyEn":"To use the title Registered Landscape Architect, a person must register with the Landscape Architects Registration Board. Applicants are usually members of the Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects and must accumulate an additional year of relevant experience after qualifying; those with overseas qualifications undergo assessment to confirm equivalence with the local standard. The Board also requires the applicant to be ordinarily resident in Hong Kong and to handle registration matters if absent beyond a specified period. Note that being an institute member does not automatically mean being registered: the two are separate, the practising title is protected by law, and using it without registration attracts penalties."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"園境師嘅出路包括私營顧問公司、建築師樓、承建商、發展商同政府部門。近年香港大力推展海濱優化、公共空間改善同北部都會區發展，園境師喺規劃早期嘅參與愈來愈重要，唔再局限於後期「加植物」。同時，氣候變化令城市對遮蔭、通風、雨水管理同生物多樣性嘅要求提高，園境師要識用「基於自然」嘅方案。入行者多以註冊專業資格為目標，因為政府職位同部分顧問標書都會要求申請人持註冊園境師名銜。","bodyEn":"Landscape architects' paths include private consultancies, architectural firms, contractors, developers and government departments. As Hong Kong pushes waterfront enhancement, public space improvement and the Northern Metropolis, the profession's involvement at the early planning stage matters more, no longer confined to adding planting late on. At the same time, climate change raises cities' demands for shade, ventilation, stormwater management and biodiversity, so landscape architects need nature-based solutions. Most entrants aim for registered professional status, because government posts and some consultancy tenders require the Registered Landscape Architect title."}],"payBasisZh":"園境師嘅收入視乎僱主而定：受僱於園境顧問公司、承建商或政府部門者，薪酬由所屬機構按職級同市場水平釐定；政府職位按公務員薪級表計算，自行執業者則按項目收費。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"A landscape architect's income depends on the employer: those employed by landscape consultancies, contractors or government departments are paid by the organisation according to rank and market levels; government posts follow the civil-service pay scale, while those in private practice charge by project. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["持有香港園境師學會會員資格，或其他獲管理局接納嘅專業資歷","在取得相關專業資格後，具備至少一年相關經驗","通常須居於香港","未受紀律處分，並向園境師註冊管理局申請註冊","（如屬海外資歷）通過管理局嘅資歷評估"],"entryEn":["Membership of the Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects, or another professional qualification accepted by the Board","At least one year of relevant experience after obtaining the professional qualification","Ordinarily resident in Hong Kong","Free of disciplinary sanction, with an application for registration to the Board","Assessment of overseas qualifications by the Board, where applicable"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"園境學位 → 學會會員 → 註冊園境師","titleEn":"Landscape degree → institute membership → Registered Landscape Architect","stepsZh":["完成獲認可嘅園境建築／園境學課程","成為香港園境師學會會員，並在取得資格後累積一年相關經驗","向園境師註冊管理局申請註冊，海外資歷須經評估","註冊後維持有效註冊，以「註冊園境師」名銜執業"],"stepsEn":["Complete a recognised landscape architecture or landscape studies programme","Become a member of the Hong Kong Institute of Landscape Architects and gain one year of relevant experience after qualifying","Apply to the Landscape Architects Registration Board for registration, with overseas qualifications assessed","Keep registration valid to practise under the Registered Landscape Architect title"],"sourceIds":["careers-landscape-architect-1","careers-landscape-architect-2","careers-landscape-architect-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習／助理園境師","titleEn":"Trainee / Assistant Landscape Architect"},{"titleZh":"註冊園境師","titleEn":"Registered Landscape Architect"},{"titleZh":"高級園境師／項目主管","titleEn":"Senior Landscape Architect / Project Lead"},{"titleZh":"首席園境師／董事","titleEn":"Principal Landscape Architect / Director"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習／助理園境師","titleEn":"Trainee / Assistant Landscape Architect"},{"titleZh":"註冊園境師","titleEn":"Registered Landscape Architect"},{"titleZh":"高級園境師／項目主管","titleEn":"Senior Landscape Architect / Project Lead"},{"titleZh":"首席園境師／董事","titleEn":"Principal Landscape Architect / Director"}],"sourceIds":["careers-landscape-architect-1","careers-landscape-architect-2","careers-landscape-architect-3","careers-landscape-architect-4","careers-landscape-architect-5"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"law-drafter","titleZh":"法律草擬人員","titleEn":"Law drafter","industryZh":"法律","industryEn":"Law","sectorId":"law","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"ledeZh":"法律草擬人員派駐律政司法律草擬科，負責以中英文草擬條例草案、附屬法例同修訂，確保法律用語一致、無漏洞同符合憲制要求；入職須具備香港法律資歷，並通過律政司嘅筆試同面試。","ledeEn":"Law drafters serve in the Law Drafting Division of the Department of Justice, drafting bills, subsidiary legislation and amendments in both Chinese and English so that the law is consistent, free of gaps and constitutionally sound; entry requires a Hong Kong legal qualification plus the department's written test and interview.","bodyZh":"法律草擬人員嘅工作，係將政策轉化為法律條文。佢哋要按照政策目標同憲制要求，用中英文雙語草擬條例草案、附屬法例（例如規例、規則、命令）同修訂，確保用語準確一致、邏輯嚴密、無漏洞，並在立法過程中支援法案委員會嘅技術性提問。草擬人員唔會決定政策方向，但佢哋嘅條文寫法會直接影響法例點樣運作，所以既要懂法律，亦要有極強嘅語文功力同細節觸覺。\n\n入職門檻高。律政司嘅政府律師職系，申請人一般須為香港律師或大律師，或持有法學專業證書等專業資格；法律草擬科嘅職位通常設有筆試，考核申請人嘅法律草擬能力（包括雙語草擬），並配合面試。如屬非公務員合約職位，申請人須持有法學學士或法學博士等法律學位，並具備綜合招聘考試嘅語文成績及《基本法及香港國安法》測試及格。律政司亦有法律學員計劃，讓見習律師或見習大律師在其中一段派往法律草擬組受訓，為期約數個月，作為認識草擬工作嘅入門。\n\n法律草擬係一門小眾而專業嘅工種，市場供應有限，入行者多數由律師行政出身，再轉做草擬。因為條例要有中英雙語版本，雙語能力同對憲制（包括《基本法》）嘅理解係核心要求。律政司不時會就法草組嘅非公務員職位公開招聘，屬小規模空缺；由於招聘頻率同時間由部門公布，有意入行者須密切留意律政司嘅招聘公告。","bodyEn":"Law drafters turn policy into legal text. Working to policy objectives and constitutional requirements, they draft bills, subsidiary legislation (such as regulations, rules and orders) and amendments in both Chinese and English, making sure the wording is accurate, consistent, logically tight and free of gaps, and supporting the technical questions of Bills Committees during the legislative process. Drafters do not set policy direction, but how they frame a provision directly shapes how the law operates, so the job needs legal knowledge plus exceptional language skill and attention to detail.\n\nEntry is demanding. In the Department of Justice's Counsel grade, applicants are generally Hong Kong solicitors or barristers, or hold a professional qualification such as the Postgraduate Certificate in Laws; posts in the Law Drafting Division usually include a written test assessing legal drafting ability, including bilingual drafting, alongside an interview. For non-civil-service contract posts, applicants hold a legal degree such as an LLB or JD, and need language results in the Common Recruitment Examination and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. The department also runs a trainee scheme that posts trainee solicitors or pupil barristers to the Law Drafting Division for a few months as an introduction to drafting work.\n\nLaw drafting is a niche and specialised craft with a limited supply of practitioners, and most entrants come from a legal practice background before moving into drafting. Because legislation must exist in both Chinese and English, bilingual ability and an understanding of the constitutional framework, including the Basic Law, are core requirements. The Department of Justice occasionally recruits non-civil-service posts in the Law Drafting Division, but these are small-scale vacancies; as the timing and frequency are announced by the department, those interested must watch its recruitment notices closely.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：將政策寫成法律條文","titleEn":"The job: turning policy into statutory text","bodyZh":"法律草擬人員嘅日常工作，係同政策局嘅律師密集開會，了解一項政策要達到嘅效果，再思考用邊種條文結構去落實。佢哋要考慮定義、適用範圍、例外情況、罰則、過渡安排同生效日期等細節，確保草案邏輯自洽、可執行，亦唔會同其他法例衝突。因為香港法例中英雙語並行，兩份文本必須意思完全一致，所以要逐字斟酌。草擬人員亦要就立法會法案委員會嘅提問提供技術支援，甚至準備修訂。","bodyEn":"The daily work of a law drafter is intensive meetings with lawyers in policy bureaux to understand what a policy should achieve, then deciding which statutory structure will deliver it. Drafters consider definitions, scope, exceptions, penalties, transitional arrangements and commencement dates, making sure the bill is logically coherent and workable and does not clash with other legislation. Because Hong Kong's laws run in parallel Chinese and English versions, the two texts must mean exactly the same, so wording is weighed word by word. Drafters also provide technical support for Bills Committee questions and may prepare amendments."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：法律資歷加雙語草擬筆試","titleEn":"The gate: legal qualification plus a bilingual drafting test","bodyZh":"要入行，法律資歷係基本：申請人一般須為香港律師或大律師，或持有法學專業證書等專業資格；非公務員合約職位則要求法學學士、法學博士等法律學位。無論邊種編制，法律草擬科嘅招聘大多設有筆試，考核申請人能否寫出準確、清晰同無漏洞嘅法律條文，而且係中英雙語。通過筆試後仲要面試，評估法律知識、語文能力同對憲制嘅理解。熟悉《基本法》同立法程序，會係明顯優勢。","bodyEn":"A legal qualification is the baseline: applicants are generally Hong Kong solicitors or barristers, or hold a professional qualification such as the Postgraduate Certificate in Laws; non-civil-service contract posts require a legal degree such as an LLB or JD. Under either arrangement, recruitment to the Law Drafting Division usually includes a written test that assesses whether a candidate can produce accurate, clear and gap-free statutory text, in both Chinese and English. Those who pass the test face an interview evaluating legal knowledge, language ability and understanding of the constitutional framework. Familiarity with the Basic Law and the legislative process is a clear advantage."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"法律草擬係一個「窄門」：全港從事草擬嘅人員數目有限，空缺亦唔多，所以屬於小眾專業。好處係工作穩定、專業性強、接觸面廣，會參與影響全港嘅法例制定；代價係工作節奏受立法周期牽動，趕法案時壓力大，而且要長期專注細節。出路方面，草擬人員可喺律政司內逐步晉升，亦可累積經驗後轉往其他政府法律崗位或學術、培訓領域。由於招聘多為不定期同小規模，有志者要長期留意律政司公告，並及早準備雙語草擬能力。","bodyEn":"Law drafting is a narrow door: the number of drafters in Hong Kong is limited and vacancies are few, so it is a niche specialism. The upside is stable, highly professional work with broad reach, shaping legislation that affects the whole city; the cost is a rhythm driven by the legislative cycle, heavy pressure when bills are rushed, and long stretches of close attention to detail. On pathways, drafters can rise within the Department of Justice, or move after gaining experience into other government legal posts or into academic and training work. As recruitment is often irregular and small in scale, those keen should watch the department's notices over the long term and build bilingual drafting skills early."}],"payBasisZh":"法律草擬人員多數屬政府律師職系或律政司非公務員合約職位：公務員職位按政府薪級表所屬職級嘅薪點釐定，非公務員合約職位則由律政司按合約條款釐定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Law drafters mostly fall under the government Counsel grade or non-civil-service contract posts in the Department of Justice: civil-service posts follow the relevant points on the Government's pay scale, while non-civil-service contract posts are set by the department under the contract terms. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["持有香港律師或大律師資格，或法學學士／法學博士等認可法律學位","具備良好中英文雙語能力，能草擬雙語法律文本","通過律政司嘅法律草擬筆試","綜合招聘考試語文試卷達指定成績，並通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試","通過面試及（如適用）品格審查"],"entryEn":["A Hong Kong solicitor's or barrister's qualification, or a recognised legal degree such as an LLB or JD","Strong bilingual ability in Chinese and English to draft legal text in both languages","A pass in the Department of Justice's legal drafting written test","Specified results in the language papers of the Common Recruitment Examination, and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Success in an interview and, where applicable, integrity checking"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"法律資歷 → 律政司筆試 → 法律草擬職位","titleEn":"Legal qualification → DOJ written test → law drafting post","stepsZh":["取得香港律師／大律師資格，或認可法律學位","留意律政司政府律師職系或法律草擬科嘅招聘公告","通過法律草擬筆試，考核雙語草擬能力","面試及格後入職，或經法律學員計劃派往法律草擬組受訓"],"stepsEn":["Obtain a Hong Kong solicitor's or barrister's qualification, or a recognised legal degree","Watch for recruitment notices for the Department of Justice Counsel grade or the Law Drafting Division","Pass the legal drafting written test assessing bilingual drafting ability","Join after passing the interview, or be posted to the Law Drafting Division through the trainee scheme"],"sourceIds":["careers-law-drafter-1","careers-law-drafter-2","careers-law-drafter-4"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"法律草擬人員（入門職級）","titleEn":"Law Drafter (entry level)"},{"titleZh":"高級法律草擬人員／政府律師","titleEn":"Senior Law Drafter / Government Counsel"},{"titleZh":"助理法律草擬專員","titleEn":"Assistant Law Draftsman"},{"titleZh":"副法律草擬專員","titleEn":"Deputy Law Draftsman"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"法律草擬人員（入門職級）","titleEn":"Law Drafter (entry level)"},{"titleZh":"高級法律草擬人員／政府律師","titleEn":"Senior Law Drafter / Government Counsel"},{"titleZh":"助理法律草擬專員","titleEn":"Assistant Law Draftsman"},{"titleZh":"副法律草擬專員","titleEn":"Deputy Law Draftsman"}],"sourceIds":["careers-law-drafter-1","careers-law-drafter-2","careers-law-drafter-3","careers-law-drafter-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"lifeguard","titleZh":"救生員","titleEn":"Lifeguard","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","ledeZh":"救生員喺公眾泳池或泳灘值勤，監察泳客安全、執行水上救援同急救、檢查救生器材同解釋泳池規則；康文署救生員須持有香港拯溺總會嘅泳池或沙灘救生章及有效急救證書，並通過技能測試。","ledeEn":"Lifeguards stand duty at public pools or beaches, watching swimmers, carrying out water rescues and first aid, checking equipment and explaining pool rules; Leisure and Cultural Services Department lifeguards must hold a Hong Kong Life Saving Society pool or beach award and a valid first-aid certificate, and pass a skills test.","bodyZh":"救生員嘅核心職責係「防火」多過「救火」：透過持續監察、及早辨認遇溺徵兆，將意外阻止喺發生之前。佢哋要留意泳客動態、制止危險行為、執行泳池或泳灘規則，並在意外發生時落水救援、施行心肺復甦同使用救生器材。泳池救生員亦要定期檢查救生器材、水質同更衣設施，遇有救護需要就要召喚救護車同記錄事件。\n\n入職有一個明確嘅資格關卡。康文署嘅救生員，一般須持有香港拯溺總會發出嘅泳池救生章或沙灘救生章（或更高資歷），並持有有效急救證書；學歷要求為中英文小六程度，並要通過泳術同技能測試、視力同色盲測試。康文署每年會推行綜合季節性救生員訓練計劃，提供約兩個月嘅全日訓練，讓學員考取拯溺資格；入訓亦設體能要求，例如須以指定時間完成一百米游泳，並能踩水。遴選過程一般包括面試、技能測試同品格審查。\n\n救生員嘅工作時間通常配合泳池或泳灘開放，需要輪班、假日當值，夏季需求特別高。季節性救生員一般按季節合約受聘，全年救生員則屬較穩定嘅編制。呢個職業嘅晉升階梯較平，一般由救生員做起，可晉升至高級救生員或救生員主管，亦可藉經驗轉往水上活動教練、拯溺教練，或紀律部隊嘅水域相關崗位。","bodyEn":"A lifeguard's core duty is prevention more than rescue: through constant watch and early recognition of drowning signs, incidents are stopped before they happen. Lifeguards track swimmers, stop dangerous behaviour, enforce pool or beach rules, and when an accident occurs enter the water to rescue, perform CPR and use rescue equipment. Pool lifeguards also check rescue equipment, water quality and changing facilities regularly, and call an ambulance and record events when medical help is needed.\n\nThere is a clear qualification gate. LCSD lifeguards must generally hold a pool lifeguard award or beach lifeguard award (or higher) issued by the Hong Kong Life Saving Society, plus a valid first-aid certificate; the academic requirement is Primary 6 in Chinese and English, and candidates pass swimming and skills tests and eye-sight and colour-vision tests. Each year the department runs an integrated seasonal lifeguard training programme offering about two months of full-time training so that trainees can obtain life-saving qualifications; entry also has fitness requirements, such as swimming 100 metres within a set time and treading water. The selection process usually includes an interview, skills tests and integrity checking.\n\nLifeguards' hours usually follow pool or beach opening times, involving shifts and holiday duty, with demand especially high in summer. Seasonal lifeguards are typically engaged on seasonal contracts, while year-round lifeguards enjoy a more stable establishment. The promotion ladder is relatively flat: most start as lifeguards and may rise to senior lifeguard or lifeguard supervisor, or use the experience to move into water-sports coaching, life-saving instruction or water-related posts in the disciplined services.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：監察、救援同急救","titleEn":"The job: watching, rescuing and first aid","bodyZh":"救生員看似悠閒，實際上係高度專注嘅工作。值勤時要企喺高台或用艇巡邏，持續掃視泳客，特別留意小童、長者同落單嘅泳客。一發現有人掙扎、下沉或行為異常，就要即刻判斷同出手。除咗救援，佢哋仲要處理擦傷、抽筋、中暑同碰撞等常見意外，亦可能要應付醉酒、滋事或不守規則嘅泳客。泳池救生員同泳灘救生員嘅環境唔同，後者要面對水流、潮汐同天氣變化，風險更高。","bodyEn":"Lifeguarding looks relaxed but is in fact highly attentive work. On duty, a lifeguard stands on a raised chair or patrols by boat, scanning swimmers continuously, with particular attention to children, the elderly and those swimming alone. On seeing someone struggle, sink or behave oddly, the lifeguard must judge and act immediately. Besides rescue, they handle common injuries such as cuts, cramps, heat stroke and collisions, and may deal with drunk, unruly or rule-breaking swimmers. Pool and beach lifeguards work in different environments, with the latter facing currents, tides and changing weather and thus higher risk."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：拯溺資格同技能測試","titleEn":"The gate: life-saving awards and skills tests","bodyZh":"救生員唔可以「話做就做」，一定要有認可資格。最基本係香港拯溺總會嘅泳池救生章或沙灘救生章，仲要有有效急救證書；部分職位接受更高資歷。申請人亦要通過泳術同技能測試，包括計時游泳同救援動作，並通過視力同色盲測試。冇拯溺資格嘅人，可以報讀康文署嘅綜合季節性救生員訓練計劃，接受約兩個月全日訓練，同時考取資格。要注意，資格同證書都有年期，過期就要重新考取或續期。","bodyEn":"Lifeguards cannot simply start work; they need recognised qualifications. The minimum is a pool or beach life-saving award from the Hong Kong Life Saving Society, plus a valid first-aid certificate, and some posts accept higher qualifications. Applicants also pass swimming and skills tests, including timed swimming and rescue manoeuvres, and eye-sight and colour-vision tests. Those without life-saving qualifications can join the department's integrated seasonal lifeguard training programme, receiving about two months of full-time training while obtaining the qualification. Note that awards and certificates run for fixed periods and must be re-taken or renewed when they expire."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"救生員嘅僱主唔止康文署，仲包括私人屋苑、會所、酒店、學校同主題公園嘅泳池。康文署職位穩定、有系統訓練，但旺季人手緊張，季節性職位流動大。私營市場工時彈性，惟福利同培訓較參差。呢行季節性強，夏季需求急升、冬季回落，所以唔少人會兼做游泳教練、水上活動教練或體能訓練。長遠而言，累積經驗同考取拯溺教練資格，係提升收入同穩定性嘅主要途徑。","bodyEn":"Lifeguards are employed not only by the LCSD but also by private estates, clubs, hotels, schools and theme-park pools. LCSD posts are stable with systematic training, but manpower is tight in peak season and seasonal roles see high turnover. The private market offers flexible hours but more variable benefits and training. The field is strongly seasonal, with demand surging in summer and falling in winter, so many combine it with swimming coaching, water-sports instruction or fitness training. In the long run, gaining experience and qualifying as a life-saving instructor is the main route to better income and stability."}],"payBasisZh":"救生員嘅收入視乎僱主同聘用形式而定：康文署嘅救生員按公務員薪級表或季節性合約嘅條款釐定，私營泳池、會所或酒店則由僱主自行決定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"A lifeguard's income depends on the employer and the form of engagement: LCSD lifeguards are paid under the civil-service pay scale or the terms of a seasonal contract, while private pools, clubs or hotels set pay themselves. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["持有香港拯溺總會發出嘅泳池救生章或沙灘救生章（或更高資歷）","持有有效急救證書","中英文達小六程度","通過泳術同救援技能測試","通過視力同色盲測試（及如適用嘅體能測試）"],"entryEn":["A pool or beach life-saving award (or higher) issued by the Hong Kong Life Saving Society","A valid first-aid certificate","Primary 6 level in Chinese and English","Passing swimming and rescue skills tests","Passing eye-sight and colour-vision tests (and fitness tests where applicable)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"拯溺訓練 → 救生章 → 康文署救生員","titleEn":"Life-saving training → award → LCSD lifeguard","stepsZh":["報讀康文署綜合季節性救生員訓練計劃或香港拯溺總會課程","通過泳術、救援技能同體能測試，考取泳池或沙灘救生章","取得有效急救證書","投考康文署季節性或全年救生員，通過遴選同視力測試後入職"],"stepsEn":["Join the LCSD Integrated Seasonal Lifeguard Training Programme or a Hong Kong Life Saving Society course","Pass swimming, rescue-skills and fitness tests to obtain a pool or beach life-saving award","Obtain a valid first-aid certificate","Apply for a seasonal or year-round LCSD lifeguard post and join after selection and eye-sight tests"],"sourceIds":["careers-lifeguard-1","careers-lifeguard-2","careers-lifeguard-3"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"季節性救生員","titleEn":"Seasonal Lifeguard"},{"titleZh":"全年救生員","titleEn":"Year-round Lifeguard"},{"titleZh":"高級救生員","titleEn":"Senior Lifeguard"},{"titleZh":"救生員主管／拯溺教練","titleEn":"Lifeguard Supervisor / Life-saving Instructor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"季節性救生員","titleEn":"Seasonal Lifeguard"},{"titleZh":"全年救生員","titleEn":"Year-round Lifeguard"},{"titleZh":"高級救生員","titleEn":"Senior Lifeguard"},{"titleZh":"救生員主管／拯溺教練","titleEn":"Lifeguard Supervisor / Life-saving Instructor"}],"sourceIds":["careers-lifeguard-1","careers-lifeguard-2","careers-lifeguard-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"lift-technician","titleZh":"升降機及自動梯技工","titleEn":"Lift and escalator technician","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"升降機及自動梯技工負責安裝、保養同維修升降機同自動梯，做定期檢查同處理困人事故；香港按《升降機及自動梯條例》設註冊工人制度，技工須向機電工程署註冊並分甲、乙、丙三級。","ledeEn":"Lift and escalator technicians install, maintain and repair lifts and escalators, carry out periodic checks and deal with trapped-passenger incidents; Hong Kong runs a registered-worker system under the Lifts and Escalators Ordinance, with technicians registered with the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department in three classes.","bodyZh":"升降機同自動梯技工嘅工作分安裝、保養同維修三大範疇。保養係最大宗：按法例要求定期檢查鋼纜、制動器、安全鉗、門鎖同控制系統，潤滑機件、更換損耗零件同記錄檢查結果。維修就包括處理突發故障同困人事故，要短時間內到場、安全救人再排除故障。安裝方面，則涉及大型機械同電氣系統嘅裝配同調試。\n\n香港對呢個工種有法定註冊要求。《升降機及自動梯條例》（第618章）設立註冊工人制度，技工須向機電工程署註冊，並按資歷分成甲、乙、丙三級，唔同級別可從事嘅工程範圍同監督責任唔同。註冊有效期一般為五年，續期須在指定年期內具備一定在職經驗同完成指定時數嘅訓練。註冊資格途徑包括：完成認可學徒訓練加持有工藝證書並具備指定年數經驗、完成認可證書課程，或通過行業測試並具備較長年數經驗。註冊升降機／自動梯工程師就屬另一層，須為相關界別嘅註冊專業工程師並具備指定年數相關經驗。\n\n呢個工種講求手藝同安全意識，工作環境包括機房、井道同戶外，需要高空、密閉空間作業，亦可能要隨時候命處理緊急事故。行業長期面對人手不足，近年更因樓宇老化同維修需求上升，註冊技工更加搶手。入行者多由學徒做起，邊做邊考取資格，逐步升到註冊技工、監督以至註冊工程師。","bodyEn":"The work of a lift and escalator technician divides into installation, maintenance and repair. Maintenance is the largest part: under statutory requirements, technicians periodically check ropes, brakes, safety gears, door locks and control systems, lubricate parts, replace worn components and record results. Repair covers sudden breakdowns and trapped-passenger incidents, where they must arrive quickly, free people safely and then clear the fault. Installation involves assembling and commissioning large mechanical and electrical systems.\n\nHong Kong imposes statutory registration. The Lifts and Escalators Ordinance (Cap. 618) establishes a registered-worker system, under which technicians register with the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department and are graded into classes A, B and C according to qualifications, with different classes covering different scopes of work and supervision duties. Registration generally runs for five years, and renewal requires a certain period of in-service experience within a specified time and completion of a set number of training hours. Routes to registration include completing a recognised apprenticeship plus a craft certificate and a specified number of years of experience, completing a recognised certificate course, or passing a trade test with a longer period of experience. Registered lift and escalator engineers form a separate tier, requiring registration as a Registered Professional Engineer in the relevant discipline plus a specified number of years of relevant experience.\n\nThe trade demands craftsmanship and safety awareness, with work environments including machine rooms, lift shafts and outdoors, and requiring work at height and in confined spaces, as well as possible on-call emergency duty. The industry has long faced a manpower shortage, and with ageing buildings and rising maintenance demand, registered technicians are in greater demand. Most entrants begin as apprentices, gaining qualifications while working and rising to registered technician, supervisor and eventually registered engineer.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：保養、維修同困人事故","titleEn":"The job: maintenance, repair and trapped-passenger incidents","bodyZh":"升降機同自動梯技工嘅日常，以保養為主。佢哋會按既定周期逐部機檢查，量度鋼纜磨損、測試制動同安全裝置、清潔同潤滑機件，並更換到期零件。最考驗人嘅係突發事故：一旦有乘客被困，就要盡快到場，先安撫乘客，再判斷轎廂位置，安全打開機門救人。呢啲工序講求規矩同經驗，做錯一步都可能有危險。除咗技術，仲要識睇圖、寫報告同同客戶溝通。","bodyEn":"Maintenance dominates the daily routine. Technicians inspect each unit on a set cycle, measuring rope wear, testing brakes and safety devices, cleaning and lubricating parts and replacing components that are due. Emergencies are the greatest test: when passengers are trapped, they must arrive fast, first reassure them, then locate the car and open the doors safely to free them. These procedures demand discipline and experience, since one wrong move can be dangerous. Beyond technical skill, the job requires reading drawings, writing reports and communicating with clients."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：《升降機及自動梯條例》註冊工人","titleEn":"The gate: registered workers under the Lifts and Escalators Ordinance","bodyZh":"要做升降機或自動梯工程，須先成為註冊工人。申請人須向機電工程署註冊，級別（甲、乙、丙）視乎資歷：一條路係完成認可學徒訓練、持有工藝證書並累積指定年數經驗；另一條係完成認可證書課程；亦可藉通過行業測試加較長年數經驗入行。註冊有效期一般五年，續期要在期內有最少指定時間嘅在職經驗，同完成指定訓練時數。想再上一層做註冊工程師，就要先取得相關界別嘅註冊專業工程師資格，並具備指定年數相關經驗。","bodyEn":"To carry out lift or escalator work, a person must first become a registered worker. Applicants register with the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department, and the class (A, B or C) depends on qualifications: one route is completing a recognised apprenticeship, holding a craft certificate and accumulating a specified number of years of experience; another is completing a recognised certificate course; a longer period of experience plus a trade test is also accepted. Registration generally runs for five years, and renewal requires a minimum period of in-service experience within the term and completion of a set number of training hours. To move up to registered engineer, one first obtains Registered Professional Engineer status in the relevant discipline plus a specified number of years of relevant experience."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"香港樓宇密集、升降機同自動梯數目龐大，加上大量舊機需要更新，令呢行長期缺人。技工嘅工作雖然辛苦，但技術性強、需求穩定，註冊資格更係入行嘅硬門檻，意味住持證者有一定議價能力。出路包括電梯工程公司、物業管理公司同政府部門；有經驗嘅技工亦可轉做檢測、培訓或工程監督。要留意，行業對安全紀錄要求高，一旦發生嚴重事故，責任同後果都相當大，所以註冊同持續訓練絕不能馬虎。","bodyEn":"With dense buildings and a huge stock of lifts and escalators, plus many older units due for upgrading, the trade faces a long-term manpower shortage. The work is hard, but it is skilled and in steady demand, and registration is a hard entry threshold that gives certificate holders some bargaining power. Pathways include lift engineering firms, property management companies and government departments; experienced technicians can also move into inspection, training or engineering supervision. Note that the industry sets high safety expectations, and a serious incident carries heavy responsibility and consequences, so registration and continuing training must never be taken lightly."}],"payBasisZh":"升降機及自動梯技工嘅收入由僱主（工程公司或保養承辦商）按僱員嘅註冊級別、經驗同工種釐定，部分以固定薪酬加津貼或按件計算；政府並無劃一規定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"A lift and escalator technician's income is set by the employer (an engineering firm or maintenance contractor) according to the worker's registration class, experience and type of work, sometimes as a monthly salary plus allowances or on a piece basis; the Government sets no uniform figure. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["向機電工程署註冊為升降機／自動梯註冊工人（甲、乙或丙級）","完成認可學徒訓練並持有工藝證書，或完成認可證書課程，或通過行業測試","具備條例指定嘅相關工作經驗年數","續期時具備指定年期內嘅在職經驗同完成指定訓練時數","能勝任高空及密閉空間作業，並符合相關體格要求"],"entryEn":["Registration with the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department as a registered lift/escalator worker (class A, B or C)","Completion of a recognised apprenticeship with a craft certificate, or a recognised certificate course, or a trade test","The number of years of relevant experience specified in the ordinance","For renewal, in-service experience within the specified period and completion of the required training hours","Fitness for work at height and in confined spaces and meeting the relevant physical requirements"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒訓練 → 註冊技工（甲／乙／丙級）","titleEn":"Apprenticeship → registered technician (class A / B / C)","stepsZh":["入行做升降機／自動梯學徒，接受認可學徒訓練","完成訓練並考取工藝證書，累積條例指定年數經驗","向機電工程署申請註冊為註冊工人（級別視資歷）","按年期續期，並持續累積經驗以晉升或轉做註冊工程師"],"stepsEn":["Start as a lift/escalator apprentice and complete a recognised apprenticeship","Finish training, obtain a craft certificate and build up the number of years of experience specified in the ordinance","Apply to the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department for registration as a registered worker (class depends on qualifications)","Renew registration on schedule and keep gaining experience to advance or move into registered engineering"],"sourceIds":["careers-lift-technician-1","careers-lift-technician-2","careers-lift-technician-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／見習技工","titleEn":"Apprentice / Trainee Technician"},{"titleZh":"註冊工人（升降機及自動梯）","titleEn":"Registered Worker (Lifts and Escalators)"},{"titleZh":"技術主管／監督","titleEn":"Technical Supervisor"},{"titleZh":"註冊升降機／自動梯工程師","titleEn":"Registered Lift / Escalator Engineer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／見習技工","titleEn":"Apprentice / Trainee Technician"},{"titleZh":"註冊工人（升降機及自動梯）","titleEn":"Registered Worker (Lifts and Escalators)"},{"titleZh":"技術主管／監督","titleEn":"Technical Supervisor"},{"titleZh":"註冊升降機／自動梯工程師","titleEn":"Registered Lift / Escalator Engineer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-lift-technician-1","careers-lift-technician-2","careers-lift-technician-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"local-vessel-captain","titleZh":"本地船長","titleEn":"Local vessel captain","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","ledeZh":"本地船長指揮本地船隻航行同作業，負責航行安全、船員調配、天氣判斷同緊急應變；香港規定操作本地船隻者須持海事處發出嘅本地船長證書，證書分級並對應唔同船隻噸位同長度。","ledeEn":"A local vessel captain commands a local craft, taking charge of navigational safety, crew allocation, weather judgement and emergencies; Hong Kong requires those operating local vessels to hold a local certificate of competency issued by the Marine Department, graded by vessel tonnage and length.","bodyZh":"本地船長負責嘅係香港水域內嘅船隻，包括渡輪、街渡、遊樂船、工作船同貨船。佢哋要規劃航線、判斷天氣同潮汐、指揮船員、確保船隻同乘客安全，並在惡劣天氣或碰撞風險時作出應變。船長係船上最高負責人，一旦發生事故，要即時判斷求救、救人同防止污染。\n\n入職有法定關卡。根據《商船（本地船隻）（本地合格證明書）規則》，操作本地船隻嘅人須持有海事處發出嘅本地合格證明書；本地船長證書分一、二、三級，唔同級別對應唔同嘅船隻總噸位同長度限制。申請人要通過適任能力考試，內容涵蓋航行、避碰、船藝同本地法例；具備認可訓練或海上服務經驗者，部分要求可獲豁免。《商船（本地船隻）條例》（第548章）亦訂明本地船隻操作員須持本地合格證明書。\n\n海事處會定期公布船員考試嘅時間表，申請人須留意報名同考試安排。想入行嘅人一般由船員做起，累積海上服務時數，再逐步考取較高級別嘅船長證書，船隻愈大，要求嘅證書級別同經驗愈高。本地船長大多受僱於渡輪公司、遊艇會、工程船公司，或自行經營，收入視乎工種同船型而定。","bodyEn":"Local vessel captains handle craft operating within Hong Kong waters, including ferries, kaito launches, pleasure vessels, work boats and cargo vessels. They plan routes, judge weather and tides, direct the crew, ensure the safety of the vessel and passengers, and respond to bad weather or collision risk. The captain is the highest authority on board, and in an accident must decide quickly on distress calls, rescue and pollution prevention.\n\nThere is a statutory gate. Under the Merchant Shipping (Local Vessels) (Local Certificates of Competency) Rules, anyone operating a local vessel must hold a local certificate of competency issued by the Marine Department; local captain certificates are graded into Classes 1, 2 and 3, each corresponding to different gross tonnage and length limits. Applicants must pass a competency examination covering navigation, collision avoidance, seamanship and local legislation, and those with recognised training or sea service may have some requirements waived. The Merchant Shipping (Local Vessels) Ordinance (Cap. 548) also provides that local vessel operators must hold a local certificate of competency.\n\nThe Marine Department publishes seafarer examination timetables, and applicants must watch the enrolment and examination arrangements. Most people enter as crew, build up sea service and then work up to higher grades of captain certificate; the larger the vessel, the higher the certificate grade and experience required. Local captains are mostly employed by ferry companies, yacht clubs and marine works firms, or operate on their own account, and income depends on the type of work and vessel.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：航行安全同船上指揮","titleEn":"The job: navigational safety and command on board","bodyZh":"本地船長嘅職責遠超「揸船」。出航前，要檢查天氣預報、潮汐表同航行通告，規劃安全航線；航行中，要時刻留意其他船隻、航道標誌同水下工程，避免碰撞同擱淺。佢亦係船上嘅管理者，要分配船員工作、監督貨物或乘客上落、處理突發狀況。香港水域繁忙又狹窄，颱風季節風險更高，考驗船長嘅判斷同應變。","bodyEn":"A local vessel captain's duties go far beyond steering. Before sailing, the captain checks weather forecasts, tide tables and notices to mariners and plans a safe route; during the voyage, the captain watches other vessels, channel marks and underwater works to avoid collision and grounding. The captain is also the manager on board, allocating crew duties, supervising the loading and unloading of cargo or passengers and handling emergencies. Hong Kong waters are busy and narrow, and the typhoon season raises the risk, testing the captain's judgement and responsiveness."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：本地合格證明書（船長證）","titleEn":"The gate: local certificate of competency (captain's certificate)","bodyZh":"操作本地船隻須持本地合格證明書，呢個係法定要求，唔可以無證開船。船長證書分一、二、三級，級別愈高，可駕駛嘅船隻總噸位同長度愈大；輪機操作員證亦有相應分級。申請人須通過海事處嘅適任能力考試，考核航行、避碰、船藝等範疇，並具備一定海上服務經驗或認可訓練；部分資歷可獲豁免。海事處會公布考試時間表，考生須按指定時間報名。","bodyEn":"Operating a local vessel requires a local certificate of competency; this is a statutory requirement and no one may sail without it. Captain certificates are graded into Classes 1, 2 and 3, and the higher the class, the larger the vessel's gross tonnage and length one may command; engineer operator certificates are graded similarly. Applicants must pass the Marine Department's competency examination, covering navigation, collision avoidance and seamanship, and hold a certain amount of sea service or recognised training, some of which may be waived. The department publishes examination timetables, and candidates must enrol within the specified period."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"本地船長嘅出路包括渡輪同街渡營運商、遊艇會及私人遊艇、海上工程同疏浚公司，以及政府部門（如海事處嘅巡邏同支援船隊）。呢行講求經驗累積：由水手做起到大副、船長，每一級都要靠海上服務時數同考核撐起。行業近年面對船員老化同青黃不接，加上遊艇同水上活動需求上升，令合資格船長有穩定需求。想做船長，除咗考證，仲要練好天氣判斷、應急處理同同乘客、船員嘅溝通。","bodyEn":"Local captains work for ferry and kaito operators, yacht clubs and private yachts, marine works and dredging firms, and government departments such as the Marine Department's patrol and support fleets. The field rewards accumulated experience: from deckhand to chief officer to captain, each step rests on sea service hours and examinations. In recent years the industry has faced an ageing workforce and a skills gap, while demand for yachting and water activities has risen, so qualified captains remain in steady demand. Beyond certification, a captain must develop weather judgement, emergency handling and communication with passengers and crew."}],"payBasisZh":"本地船長嘅收入由僱主（船東或船公司）按船型、航線同經驗釐定，自行經營者則按營運收益計算；海事處並無劃一規定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"A local vessel captain's income is set by the employer (the shipowner or company) according to vessel type, route and experience, while those operating on their own account rely on operating revenue; the Marine Department sets no uniform figure. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["持有海事處發出嘅本地船長合格證明書（級別對應船隻噸位同長度）","通過海事處嘅適任能力考試","具備規則要求嘅海上服務經驗或認可訓練（部分可獲豁免）","通過體格檢查","能勝任輪值及在水上環境工作"],"entryEn":["A local captain's certificate of competency issued by the Marine Department (the class matching the vessel's tonnage and length)","A pass in the Marine Department's competency examination","The sea service or recognised training required by the rules (some may be waived)","A pass in a medical examination","Fitness for shift work and the marine environment"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"海上服務經驗 → 適任能力考試 → 本地船長證","titleEn":"Sea service → competency examination → local captain certificate","stepsZh":["由船員做起，累積海上服務時數","報考海事處嘅適任能力考試（考核航行、避碰、船藝同本地法例）","按目標船隻嘅總噸位同長度，申請相應級別嘅本地船長合格證明書","取得證書後受僱或自行經營本地船隻"],"stepsEn":["Start as crew and build up sea service hours","Sit the Marine Department's competency examination (navigation, collision avoidance, seamanship and local legislation)","Apply for the local captain certificate of the class matching the target vessel's gross tonnage and length","Work for an operator or run a local vessel after obtaining the certificate"],"sourceIds":["careers-local-vessel-captain-1","careers-local-vessel-captain-2","careers-local-vessel-captain-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"本地船長（三級）","titleEn":"Local Vessel Captain (Class 3)"},{"titleZh":"本地船長（二級）","titleEn":"Local Vessel Captain (Class 2)"},{"titleZh":"本地船長（一級）","titleEn":"Local Vessel Captain (Class 1)"},{"titleZh":"船長／船隊主管","titleEn":"Captain / Fleet Supervisor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"本地船長（三級）","titleEn":"Local Vessel Captain (Class 3)"},{"titleZh":"本地船長（二級）","titleEn":"Local Vessel Captain (Class 2)"},{"titleZh":"本地船長（一級）","titleEn":"Local Vessel Captain (Class 1)"},{"titleZh":"船長／船隊主管","titleEn":"Captain / Fleet Supervisor"}],"sourceIds":["careers-local-vessel-captain-1","careers-local-vessel-captain-2","careers-local-vessel-captain-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"marine-engineer","titleZh":"船隻輪機工程師","titleEn":"Marine engineer","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"船隻輪機工程師負責船上主機、發電機、泵浦同鍋爐嘅操作同維修，做值班監控、故障排除同安全檢查；海船輪機人員須持海事處發出嘅適任證書，長航時要在船上生活。","ledeEn":"A marine engineer operates and maintains a vessel's main engine, generators, pumps and boilers, standing watch, troubleshooting and carrying out safety checks; sea-going engineers must hold a certificate of competency issued by the Marine Department, and live on board on long voyages.","bodyZh":"船隻輪機工程師（輪機員）負責機艙嘅一切。佢哋要操作同保養主機、發電機、鍋爐、泵浦、冷凍同污水處理系統，定時記錄壓力、溫度同油量，及早發現異常並排除故障。現代船舶嘅機艙高度自動化，輪機員多在控制室監控，但仍要親手維修同應付突發停機。由於輪機係船隻嘅心臟，輪機員嘅技術直接關係到航行安全同船期。\n\n入職有法定關卡。船員嘅資格由海事處規管，海船輪機人員須持適任證書，級別一般分一、二、三級，另有電子技術員同內河船輪機人員嘅級別；證書有效期一般不超過五年。以較高級別為例，申請人通常要先持較低級別嘅證書、累積合格嘅海上服務，再通過考試同取得有效體格證明；考試前須按指定日數預留申請時間，體格證明亦設有效年期。海事處每年公布輪機人員考試時間表。\n\n輪機工程師多受僱於船公司、渡輪公司、海上工程公司或政府船隊。入行者一般由見習輪機員或機艙助理做起，邊做邊考證書，隨級別提升可擔任二管輪以至輪機長。船上生活長期離家、作息跟隨當值更表，係呢行嘅一大代價；不過輪機技能亦可轉往岸上嘅船舶維修、發電廠同機械工程領域。","bodyEn":"A marine engineer is responsible for everything in the engine room. Duties include operating and maintaining the main engine, generators, boilers, pumps and refrigeration and sewage systems, regularly recording pressure, temperature and oil levels, and spotting and clearing faults early. Modern engine rooms are highly automated and engineers mostly monitor from a control room, but they still repair by hand and handle sudden stoppages. Because the machinery is the vessel's heart, the engineer's skill directly affects navigational safety and schedules.\n\nThere is a statutory gate. Seafarer qualifications are regulated by the Marine Department, and sea-going engineers must hold certificates of competency generally graded into Classes 1, 2 and 3, with separate grades for electro-technical officers and river-trade engineers; certificates are valid for no more than five years. For a higher class, applicants normally first hold a lower-class certificate, build up qualifying sea service, then pass an examination and hold a valid medical certificate; applications must be lodged a set number of days before the examination, and the medical certificate also has a validity period. The department publishes an annual examination timetable for engineer officers.\n\nMarine engineers are mostly employed by shipping companies, ferry operators, marine works firms or government fleets. Entrants usually start as trainee engineers or engine-room assistants, gaining certificates while working, and can rise through the grades to second engineer and ultimately chief engineer. Long spells away from home and a watch-based routine are the main cost of the job, though marine engineering skills also transfer ashore into ship repair, power stations and mechanical engineering.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：機艙操作同維修","titleEn":"The job: engine-room operation and repair","bodyZh":"輪機員嘅工作環境係高溫、高噪音嘅機艙。當值期間，佢哋要定期巡視主機同輔機，記錄讀數，留意有無異響、震動、漏油或過熱。一旦設備出問題，就要即刻判斷係即刻搶修定係隔離系統，盡量唔影響航行。除日常操作，仲要按計劃做保養：清洗濾器、更換油品、檢查閥門同行車測試。輪機員亦要熟習消防、堵漏同救生演習，因為機艙一旦起火或入水，後果可以非常嚴重。","bodyEn":"The marine engineer works in a hot, noisy engine room. On watch, they make rounds of the main and auxiliary machinery, record readings and watch for unusual noise, vibration, oil leaks or overheating. If equipment fails, they must quickly decide whether to repair at once or isolate the system, avoiding any impact on the voyage. Beyond operation, they carry out planned maintenance: cleaning filters, changing oils and checking valves and running tests. Engineers must also be practised in firefighting, damage control and life-saving drills, because a fire or flooding in the engine room can be very serious."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：輪機人員適任證書","titleEn":"The gate: certificates of competency for engineer officers","bodyZh":"要在海船上做輪機員，必須持海事處發出嘅適任證書，呢個係法定要求。證書分級，級別同職位掛鈎；申請人須累積合格嘅海上服務、通過考試，並持有有效體格證明書。體格證明同證書本身都有年期，到期要續期。海事處每年公布輪機人員考試時間表，報名同申請有指定時限。想升級嘅輪機員，就要一級一級考上去，每一級都對經驗同年期有要求。","bodyEn":"To serve as an engineer on a sea-going ship, a person must hold a certificate of competency issued by the Marine Department, and this is a statutory requirement. Certificates are graded and the grade is tied to the post; applicants must accumulate qualifying sea service, pass an examination and hold a valid medical certificate. Both the medical certificate and the certificate itself run for fixed periods and must be renewed. The department publishes the annual examination timetable, with set deadlines for enrolment and application. Engineers seeking promotion must pass each successive grade, and each grade carries requirements on experience and duration."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"輪機工程師嘅出路包括遠洋船公司、本地渡輪同海上工程船隊，以及政府部門嘅船隊。遠洋航線收入同晉升階梯較吸引，但要長期離家；本地船隊則多數可以每日返家，但航程短、節奏密。隨着船舶自動化同環保法規（如低硫燃料、廢氣處理）推行，輪機員亦要學新技術。有經驗嘅輪機員，可轉往岸上做船舶檢驗、技術管理、發電同機械設備行業，將海上經驗轉化為陸上專業。","bodyEn":"Marine engineers work for ocean-going shipping companies, local ferry and marine works fleets, and government fleets. Ocean-going routes offer more attractive pay and promotion but mean long spells away from home; local fleets usually allow a daily return home, but voyages are short and the pace is intense. With greater automation and environmental rules such as low-sulphur fuel and exhaust treatment, engineers must also learn new technology. Experienced engineers can move ashore into ship inspection, technical management or the power-generation and mechanical equipment industries, turning sea experience into a shore-based specialism."}],"payBasisZh":"船隻輪機工程師嘅收入由僱主（船公司或船東）按證書級別、職位同航線釐定，遠洋船通常另設航行津貼；海事處並無劃一規定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"A marine engineer's income is set by the employer (the shipping company or shipowner) according to certificate class, post and route, with ocean-going vessels usually offering a voyage allowance; the Marine Department sets no uniform figure. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["持有海事處發出嘅輪機人員適任證書（級別對應職位）","累積規例要求嘅合格海上服務","通過海事處嘅輪機人員考試","持有有效體格證明書","能長時間在船上工作同輪值當更"],"entryEn":["A certificate of competency for engineer officers issued by the Marine Department (the class matching the post)","The qualifying sea service required by the regulations","A pass in the Marine Department's engineer officer examination","A valid medical certificate","Ability to work on board for long periods and to stand watches"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"見習輪機員 → 逐級考證 → 輪機長","titleEn":"Trainee engineer → grade-by-grade certification → chief engineer","stepsZh":["由見習輪機員或機艙助理入行，累積海上服務","考取較低級別嘅輪機人員適任證書","累積合格海上服務並通過更高級別考試","持有效體格證明，逐步晉升至二管輪以至輪機長"],"stepsEn":["Enter as a trainee engineer or engine-room assistant and build up sea service","Obtain a lower-class certificate of competency for engineer officers","Build up qualifying sea service and pass the higher-class examination","Hold a valid medical certificate and progress to second engineer and ultimately chief engineer"],"sourceIds":["careers-marine-engineer-1","careers-marine-engineer-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習輪機員／機艙助理","titleEn":"Trainee Engineer / Engine-room Assistant"},{"titleZh":"輪機員（三管輪）","titleEn":"Engineer Officer (Third Engineer)"},{"titleZh":"二管輪","titleEn":"Second Engineer"},{"titleZh":"輪機長（大車）","titleEn":"Chief Engineer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習輪機員／機艙助理","titleEn":"Trainee Engineer / Engine-room Assistant"},{"titleZh":"輪機員（三管輪）","titleEn":"Engineer Officer (Third Engineer)"},{"titleZh":"二管輪","titleEn":"Second Engineer"},{"titleZh":"輪機長（大車）","titleEn":"Chief Engineer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-marine-engineer-1","careers-marine-engineer-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"marine-pilot","titleZh":"領港員（引水人）","titleEn":"Marine pilot","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"ledeZh":"領港員（引水人）登上進入香港水域嘅船舶，憑對航道、潮汐同水深嘅掌握指引起錨、航行同靠泊；《領港條例》規定大型船舶須強制使用領港服務，領港員須持海事處簽發嘅領港牌照。","ledeEn":"A marine pilot boards vessels entering Hong Kong waters and, drawing on knowledge of channels, tides and depths, directs anchoring, navigation and berthing; the Pilotage Ordinance requires large vessels to use pilotage, and pilots must hold a pilotage licence issued by the Marine Department.","bodyZh":"領港員嘅工作，係喺船長仍然負責指揮嘅前提下，為船舶提供本地航行嘅專業指引。香港水域航道狹窄、船隻密集，加上潮汐、水流同海底工程，唔熟水情嘅遠洋船長難以自行安全靠泊，所以法例要求達指定總噸位嘅船舶使用領港服務。領港員要登上船舶、同船長同拖輪協調、下達操舵同車鐘指令，直至船隻安全靠泊或離港。\n\n入職門檻極高。領港員由持牌人擔任，牌照由海事處發出，級別一般分為一級同二級，二級之下再按可處理嘅船隻長度細分。要成為見習領港員，須具備豐富嘅航海經驗（例如持有遠洋船長資格同相當嘅海上服務），再通過筆試同口試；見習期須完成指定嘅靠泊同離泊次數。筆試範圍涵蓋《領港條例》及附屬法例、泊船指引同香港水域知識。領港員一般達到指定年齡退休，特定級別可申請延長。\n\n因為香港港口繁忙，領港員屬小而精嘅專業團隊，持牌人數有限。呢個工種要求體力（攀爬舷梯上落船）、判斷力同抗壓能力，亦要日夜輪值、隨時候命。入行者通常由遠洋航海出身，累積船長級經驗後再申請見習領港員，屬航海事業嘅高階出路。","bodyEn":"A marine pilot's role is to give a vessel professional local navigational advice while the master retains command. Hong Kong waters have narrow channels and dense traffic, and with tides, currents and underwater works, a deep-sea master unfamiliar with local conditions cannot berth safely alone, so the law requires vessels above a specified gross tonnage to use pilotage. The pilot boards the ship, coordinates with the master and tugs and issues helm and engine telegraph orders until the vessel is safely berthed or away.\n\nThe entry threshold is very high. Pilots are licensees, with licences issued by the Marine Department, generally graded into Class I and Class II, the latter subdivided by the length of vessel that may be handled. To become a pilot apprentice, a person needs substantial seafaring experience (for example, an ocean-going master's qualification and considerable sea service) and must pass written and oral examinations; the apprenticeship requires completing a set number of berthings and unberthings. The written examination covers the Pilotage Ordinance and its subsidiary legislation, berthing guidance and knowledge of Hong Kong waters. Pilots normally retire at a specified age, with certain classes able to apply for an extension.\n\nBecause the port is busy, Hong Kong's pilots form a small, elite professional group with a limited number of licensees. The job demands physical fitness (climbing pilot ladders to board), judgement and the ability to work under pressure, plus round-the-clock shifts and standby. Entrants usually come from deep-sea seafaring, applying for pilot apprenticeships after accumulating master-level experience, making this a high-level route within a seafaring career.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：登船指引同靠泊","titleEn":"The job: boarding and directing berthing","bodyZh":"領港員嘅一日由「上船」開始。佢要坐領港船去到港外或錨地，透過舷梯或領港梯攀上大船——海上有湧浪時，呢一步已經考驗體力同膽識。上船後，佢會同船長交換船舶資料，了解食水、操縱特性同拖輪安排，再憑經驗同儀器判斷航向、速度同靠泊角度。整個過程要同船長、引航員、拖輪同碼頭密切協調，任何溝通失誤都可能導致碰撞或擱淺，所以領港員嘅指令必須清晰而權威。","bodyEn":"A pilot's day begins with boarding. The pilot takes a pilot boat to the approaches or anchorage and climbs aboard the large vessel via a gangway or pilot ladder — a step that already tests strength and nerve when there is a swell. Once on board, the pilot exchanges information with the master, learns the draught, manoeuvring characteristics and tug arrangements, and then judges course, speed and berthing angle from experience and instruments. The whole process requires close coordination with the master, the pilot boat, tugs and the terminal, and any communication failure can lead to collision or grounding, so a pilot's orders must be clear and authoritative."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：《領港條例》同領港牌照","titleEn":"The gate: the Pilotage Ordinance and the pilotage licence","bodyZh":"領港員係法定持牌人。《領港條例》規管香港嘅領港服務，訂明達指定總噸位嘅船舶須使用持牌領港員。牌照由海事處發出，分一級同二級，二級再按可處理嘅船隻長度細分，級別愈高，可處理嘅船愈大。要入行，先要做見習領港員，條件係具備遠洋船長級嘅航海經驗，並通過筆試（範圍包括《領港條例》及附屬法例、泊船指引同香港水域知識）同口試；見習期要完成指定嘅靠泊同離泊次數，先可以正式持牌。","bodyEn":"Pilots are statutory licensees. The Pilotage Ordinance governs pilotage in Hong Kong and provides that vessels above a specified gross tonnage must use a licensed pilot. Licences are issued by the Marine Department in Class I and Class II, the latter subdivided by the length of vessel that may be handled, and the higher the class, the larger the vessel. To enter, a person first becomes a pilot apprentice, requiring ocean-going master-level seafaring experience and passing a written examination (covering the Pilotage Ordinance and its subsidiary legislation, berthing guidance and knowledge of Hong Kong waters) and an oral examination; the apprenticeship requires completing a set number of berthings and unberthings before a full licence is granted."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"香港係繁忙嘅國際港口，領港服務對港口安全同效率至關重要，所以領港員雖然人數少，但角色關鍵。呢個工種嘅特點係門檻高、供應少、需求穩定，而且幾乎唔可以由零開始——絕大多數領港員都係由遠洋船長轉職而來。工作要輪值、應付惡劣天氣，並承受一旦出錯就後果嚴重嘅壓力。對有志者而言，先做遠洋航海、升至船長級，再申請見習領港員，係最實際嘅路徑；持牌後亦可隨資歷由二級升上一級，處理更大型嘅船舶。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong is a busy international port, and pilotage is vital to its safety and efficiency, so although pilots are few in number their role is critical. The trade is marked by a high threshold, limited supply and steady demand, and it is almost impossible to start from zero — the vast majority of pilots come from the ranks of ocean-going masters. The work involves shifts, bad weather and the pressure of severe consequences if anything goes wrong. For the determined, the most practical route is to sail deep-sea, rise to master level, then apply as a pilot apprentice; once licensed, a pilot can advance from Class II to Class I with experience, handling larger vessels."}],"payBasisZh":"領港員嘅收費同收入按《領港條例》嘅領港費安排釐定，領港員一般按每次領港服務收取費用，並受領港事務嘅相關安排規管；本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"A marine pilot's charges and income follow the pilotage dues arrangements under the Pilotage Ordinance; pilots generally charge per pilotage service, regulated by the relevant pilotage arrangements. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["具備豐富航海經驗（例如遠洋船長資格及相當嘅海上服務）","通過海事處嘅領港員筆試同口試","完成見習期及指定嘅靠泊／離泊次數","取得海事處發出嘅領港牌照","通過體格檢查，能攀爬舷梯上落船並輪值當更"],"entryEn":["Substantial seafaring experience (for example, an ocean-going master's qualification and considerable sea service)","A pass in the Marine Department's pilot written and oral examinations","Completion of the apprenticeship and the required number of berthings / unberthings","A pilotage licence issued by the Marine Department","A pass in a medical examination, and fitness to climb pilot ladders and stand watches"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"遠洋船長經驗 → 見習領港員 → 持牌領港員","titleEn":"Ocean-going master experience → pilot apprentice → licensed pilot","stepsZh":["累積遠洋航海經驗至船長級別","申請成為見習領港員，通過筆試同口試","完成見習期及指定靠泊／離泊次數","取得領港牌照，成為持牌領港員"],"stepsEn":["Build up ocean-going experience to master level","Apply to be a pilot apprentice and pass the written and oral examinations","Complete the apprenticeship and the required number of berthings / unberthings","Obtain the pilotage licence and become a licensed pilot"],"sourceIds":["careers-marine-pilot-1","careers-marine-pilot-2","careers-marine-pilot-3","careers-marine-pilot-4"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習領港員","titleEn":"Pilot Apprentice"},{"titleZh":"二級領港員（按船隻長度分級）","titleEn":"Class II Pilot (subdivided by vessel length)"},{"titleZh":"一級領港員","titleEn":"Class I Pilot"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習領港員","titleEn":"Pilot Apprentice"},{"titleZh":"二級領港員（按船隻長度分級）","titleEn":"Class II Pilot (subdivided by vessel length)"},{"titleZh":"一級領港員","titleEn":"Class I Pilot"}],"sourceIds":["careers-marine-pilot-1","careers-marine-pilot-2","careers-marine-pilot-3","careers-marine-pilot-4","careers-marine-pilot-5"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"mechanical-engineer","titleZh":"機械工程師","titleEn":"Mechanical engineer","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"機械工程師設計同測試機械系統——升降機、泵浦、風機、生產線同冷凍設備，計算能耗、選材同安排維修；香港以《工程師註冊條例》規管「註冊專業工程師」名銜，執業者須向工程師註冊局註冊。","ledeEn":"Mechanical engineers design and test mechanical systems such as lifts, pumps, fans, production lines and refrigeration plant, working out energy use, selecting materials and planning maintenance; Hong Kong regulates the title Registered Professional Engineer under the Engineers Registration Ordinance.","bodyZh":"機械工程師嘅工作範圍極廣，由產品設計到大型設施運作都有。常見工種包括：設計同分析機械零件同系統、計算熱力同流體、選材同制定規格、監督製造同安裝、做測試同故障分析、安排維修保養。香港嘅機械工程師多數投身機電工程、建築設備（例如升降機、暖通空調、消防同給排水）、發電同能源、製造業同運輸等領域。\n\n香港對「註冊專業工程師」名銜有法定規管。《工程師註冊條例》（第409章）下設工程師註冊局，維持註冊專業工程師名冊、指定工程界別同訂定資格標準。要註冊為機械界別嘅註冊專業工程師，一般須具備香港工程師學會嘅正式會員資格。學會設有多條入會路線，包括通過認可培訓計劃（Scheme A）、一般經驗同「成熟路線」，核心要求係認可嘅工程榮譽學位、規定嘅訓練同足夠嘅責任經驗。部分工種（例如出任某些建築專業註冊職位）更要求申請人為註冊專業工程師。\n\n機械工程師可以喺顧問公司、承建商、政府部門（如機電工程署、建築署、水務署）、公用事業同製造企業工作。取得註冊專業工程師資格係專業認證嘅重要一步，亦有助出任需要法定資歷嘅職位。隨着節能減碳、機電設備老化更新同大型基建推進，機械工程師嘅需求持續，而註冊資格同實務經驗係呢行嘅核心競爭力。","bodyEn":"Mechanical engineering covers a very wide field, from product design to the operation of large facilities. Common work includes designing and analysing mechanical parts and systems, calculating thermodynamics and fluid behaviour, selecting materials and drawing up specifications, supervising manufacture and installation, carrying out testing and failure analysis, and planning maintenance. Hong Kong's mechanical engineers mostly work in electrical and mechanical engineering, building services (such as lifts, HVAC, fire services and plumbing and drainage), power generation and energy, manufacturing and transport.\n\nHong Kong regulates the title Registered Professional Engineer by statute. Under the Engineers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 409) there is an Engineers Registration Board that maintains the register of Registered Professional Engineers, specifies engineering disciplines and sets qualification standards. To register as a Registered Professional Engineer in the mechanical discipline, a person is generally required to hold corporate membership of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. The institution offers several routes to membership, including the accredited training scheme (Scheme A), general experience and the mature route, with core requirements of an accredited honours engineering degree, prescribed training and sufficient responsible experience. Some roles, such as certain registered building-professional posts, further require the applicant to be a Registered Professional Engineer.\n\nMechanical engineers work in consultancies, contractors' firms, government departments (such as the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department, Architectural Services Department and Water Supplies Department), utilities and manufacturers. Registered Professional Engineer status is an important step in professional recognition and helps secure posts that require statutory qualifications. With energy saving and decarbonisation, the renewal of ageing electrical and mechanical equipment and major infrastructure, demand for mechanical engineers continues, and registration plus practical experience are the core competitiveness of the field.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：由設計到現場運作","titleEn":"The job: from design to on-site operation","bodyZh":"機械工程師嘅一日可以好唔同。做設計嘅，會用電腦繪圖同分析軟件建模，計算負荷、能耗同安全系數，選定材料同零件，再出圖同規格。做項目嘅，就要協調顧問、承建商同供應商，跟進安裝進度同測試。做運作嘅，會留守機房或廠房，監控設備狀態、分析故障同制定保養計劃。無論邊個崗位，都要識睇圖、識用標準，仲要有跨專業溝通嘅能力，因為機械系統往往同電力、土木同消防緊緊相扣。","bodyEn":"A mechanical engineer's day can differ greatly. Designers use CAD and analysis software to model systems, calculate loads, energy use and safety factors, choose materials and components, and then produce drawings and specifications. Project engineers coordinate consultants, contractors and suppliers, tracking installation progress and testing. Operations engineers stay in plant or machine rooms, monitoring equipment condition, analysing faults and setting maintenance plans. Whatever the role, they must read drawings, apply standards and communicate across disciplines, because mechanical systems are often closely linked to electrical, civil and fire-services work."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：《工程師註冊條例》同學會會員資格","titleEn":"The gate: the Engineers Registration Ordinance and institute membership","bodyZh":"要用「註冊專業工程師」名銜，須向工程師註冊局註冊，而註冊嘅關鍵係香港工程師學會嘅正式會員資格。學會嘅入會路線主要有三條：完成認可培訓計劃（Scheme A）、憑一般經驗，或以「成熟路線」申請。三條路都要求申請人持有認可嘅工程榮譽學位、完成規定訓練同具備足夠嘅責任經驗。機械界別嘅申請人亦要修讀相關課程同累積本行經驗。要留意，註冊專業工程師名銜係受法例保護嘅專業認證，亦係部分法定職位嘅入職條件。","bodyEn":"To use the Registered Professional Engineer title, a person registers with the Engineers Registration Board, and the key to registration is corporate membership of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. The institution has three main routes to membership: completing the accredited training scheme (Scheme A), qualifying through general experience, or applying via the mature route. All three require an accredited honours engineering degree, prescribed training and sufficient responsible experience. Applicants in the mechanical discipline must also complete relevant coursework and accumulate experience in the field. Note that the Registered Professional Engineer title is a legally protected professional credential and is an entry condition for certain statutory posts."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"機械工程師嘅出路廣，除咗機電工程同建築設備，仲有能源、交通、製造、環保同設施管理等領域。政府方面，機電工程署、建築署、水務署同路政署等都有機械工程職位；私營方面，顧問公司、承建商同公用事業係主要僱主。呢行重視「註冊＋經驗」：有註冊專業工程師資格同實戰項目經驗嘅人，較易勝任需要簽署法定文件嘅職位，議價能力亦較高。隨着系統老化更新同綠色轉型，機械工程師喺節能、機電安全同新能源方面有持續需求。","bodyEn":"Mechanical engineers have broad options beyond electrical and mechanical works and building services, extending into energy, transport, manufacturing, environmental protection and facilities management. In government, the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department, Architectural Services Department, Water Supplies Department and Highways Department all have mechanical engineering posts; in the private sector, consultancies, contractors and utilities are the main employers. The field values registration plus experience: those with Registered Professional Engineer status and hands-on project experience are better placed for posts requiring statutory signatures and have stronger bargaining power. As systems age and the green transition proceeds, there is continuing demand for mechanical engineers in energy saving, electrical and mechanical safety and new energy."}],"payBasisZh":"機械工程師嘅收入視乎僱主而定：受僱於顧問公司、承建商、公用事業或政府部門者，薪酬由所屬機構按職級同市場水平釐定；政府職位按公務員薪級表計算。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"A mechanical engineer's income depends on the employer: those employed by consultancies, contractors, utilities or government departments are paid by the organisation according to rank and market levels; government posts follow the civil-service pay scale. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["持有認可嘅機械工程榮譽學位或同等學歷","完成規定嘅工程訓練（例如學會認可培訓計劃）並累積足夠責任經驗","取得香港工程師學會正式會員資格","向工程師註冊局註冊為註冊專業工程師（機械界別）","（如出任需要法定資歷嘅職位）符合相關註冊要求"],"entryEn":["An accredited honours degree in mechanical engineering or equivalent","Completion of prescribed engineering training (such as an institution-accredited scheme) and sufficient responsible experience","Corporate membership of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","Registration with the Engineers Registration Board as a Registered Professional Engineer (mechanical discipline)","Meeting the relevant registration requirements where a post demands statutory qualifications"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"工程學位 → 學會會員 → 註冊專業工程師","titleEn":"Engineering degree → institute membership → Registered Professional Engineer","stepsZh":["完成認可嘅機械工程榮譽學位","通過 Scheme A 培訓計劃或累積認可工程經驗","取得香港工程師學會正式會員資格","向工程師註冊局申請註冊為註冊專業工程師（機械界別）"],"stepsEn":["Complete an accredited honours degree in mechanical engineering","Complete the Scheme A training scheme or accumulate accredited engineering experience","Obtain corporate membership of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","Apply to the Engineers Registration Board for registration as a Registered Professional Engineer (mechanical discipline)"],"sourceIds":["careers-mechanical-engineer-1","careers-mechanical-engineer-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習／助理機械工程師","titleEn":"Trainee / Assistant Mechanical Engineer"},{"titleZh":"機械工程師","titleEn":"Mechanical Engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級機械工程師","titleEn":"Senior Mechanical Engineer"},{"titleZh":"註冊專業工程師／首席工程師","titleEn":"Registered Professional Engineer / Principal Engineer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習／助理機械工程師","titleEn":"Trainee / Assistant Mechanical Engineer"},{"titleZh":"機械工程師","titleEn":"Mechanical Engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級機械工程師","titleEn":"Senior Mechanical Engineer"},{"titleZh":"註冊專業工程師／首席工程師","titleEn":"Registered Professional Engineer / Principal Engineer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-mechanical-engineer-1","careers-mechanical-engineer-2","careers-mechanical-engineer-3","careers-mechanical-engineer-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"mediator","titleZh":"調解員","titleEn":"Mediator","industryZh":"法律","industryEn":"Law","sectorId":"law","ledeZh":"調解員以中立身分協助爭議雙方自行談判，主持會議、梳理爭議點同協助草擬和解協議。香港調解不設發牌制度，《調解條例》只訂立規管框架，專業認可主要靠香港調評會（HKMAAL）嘅資歷評審。","ledeEn":"Mediators help disputing parties negotiate as a neutral, running sessions, clarifying issues and helping draft settlements. Hong Kong does not license mediators: the Mediation Ordinance sets a regulatory framework only, while professional accreditation comes mainly from the HKMAAL.","bodyZh":"調解員嘅工作係喺唔作出裁決嘅前提下，協助爭議各方溝通、找出爭議點、探索同擬訂解決方案，最終由各方自行達成和解協議。根據《調解條例》（第620章），調解係由一個或多個分節構成嘅有組織程序，由中立嘅調解員協助各方溝通同達成協議，而調解通訊須予保密。調解個案涵蓋家事、勞資、商業、建築同社區層面，從事呢一行嘅人來自律師、社工、工程、保險等不同背景。\n\n要留意，香港並無強制發牌或註冊制度，任何人都可以自稱調解員；《調解條例》只為調解程序訂立規管框架，並無規定從業員須持牌。行業嘅專業認可主要由香港調解資歷評審協會有限公司（HKMAAL）負責，佢訂立調解員同調解訓練課程嘅認可標準。律政司亦自二零零九年起推動「調解為先」承諾書運動，鼓勵先採用調解解決爭議。\n\n以 HKMAAL 認可綜合調解員為例，申請人須喺提交申請前具備至少三年全職工作經驗，並分三階段：第一階段完成認可嘅調解訓練課程（最少四十小時）；第二階段調解至少兩宗 HKMAAL 模擬綜合（非家事）個案，並取得評估員嘅評語；第三階段正式申請認可，附上兩份評估表格同兩份和解協議。整個過程有時限：由完成第一階段起計三年內要完成第二階段。認可後可申請列入 HKMAAL 認可綜合調解員名單，並須符合持續專業發展等要求。","bodyEn":"Mediators work without deciding the dispute: they help the parties communicate, identify the issues, explore and shape options, and reach their own settlement. Under the Mediation Ordinance (Cap. 620), mediation is a structured process in which a neutral mediator helps the parties communicate and reach agreement, and mediation communications are confidential. Cases span family, employment, commercial, construction and community matters, and practitioners come from law, social work, engineering, insurance and other backgrounds.\n\nHong Kong has no mandatory licensing or registration regime, so anyone may call themselves a mediator; the Ordinance sets a framework for the process rather than a licence to practise. Professional recognition is mainly handled by the Hong Kong Mediation Accreditation Association Limited (HKMAAL), which sets the standards for mediators and mediation training courses. The Department of Justice has also run the Mediate First Pledge campaign since 2009 to encourage mediation as a first step.\n\nFor HKMAAL accreditation as a general mediator, an applicant must have at least three years' full-time work experience before applying and follow three stages: Stage 1, satisfactory completion of an approved mediation training course of at least 40 hours; Stage 2, mediating at least two HKMAAL simulated general (non-family) cases with assessor comments; and Stage 3, a formal accreditation application with two assessment forms and two settlement agreements. Stage 2 must be completed within three years of finishing Stage 1. Once accredited, a mediator may be listed on the HKMAAL panel and must meet continuing-development requirements.","sections":[{"titleZh":"實際工作內容","titleEn":"What the work involves","bodyZh":"調解員要為雙方安排同主持調解會議，講清程序規則，營造可以坦誠對話嘅環境。會議中要聆聽各方陳述、梳理爭議點、協助交換資訊同探討方案，並喺適當時分開會見各方。若雙方達成共識，調解員會協助把共識整理成和解協議，但唔會替佢哋作決定。個案題材廣泛，家事個案牽涉情緒、子女安排同財務，商業個案則多涉及合約同帳目，所以調解員要因應領域調整技巧。","bodyEn":"Mediators arrange and chair mediation sessions, explain the ground rules and create an environment for frank discussion. During sessions they listen to each side, clarify the issues, help exchange information and explore options, and may meet the parties separately when useful. If the parties reach agreement, the mediator helps put the consensus into a settlement, but does not decide for them. Case subjects vary widely: family cases involve emotions, child arrangements and finances, while commercial cases often turn on contracts and accounts, so a mediator adjusts technique to the field."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：HKMAAL 認可","titleEn":"The gate: HKMAAL accreditation","bodyZh":"香港無強制法例規管誰可以執業，所以入行關卡係行業認可。HKMAAL 認可綜合調解員要求申請人有至少三年全職工作經驗，先完成最少四十小時嘅認可調解訓練課程，再通過至少兩宗模擬個案評估，最後提交認可申請。第二階段須喺完成第一階段後三年內完成，結果亦設有效期。家事調解員要求更高，除咗相關學歷同經驗，仲要完成基本同進階訓練，並喺認可督導下參與兩宗真實家事調解。","bodyEn":"No statute controls who may practise, so the gate is industry accreditation. HKMAAL accreditation as a general mediator requires at least three years' full-time work experience, completion of an approved mediation training course of at least 40 hours, passing at least two simulated case assessments, and a final accreditation application. Stage 2 must be completed within three years of Stage 1, and results have a validity period. Family mediators face higher requirements: relevant qualifications and experience, basic and advanced training, and two live family mediations under an approved supervisor."},{"titleZh":"家事同其他領域","titleEn":"Family and other fields","bodyZh":"家事調解員一般要有社會工作、心理學、輔導或法律嘅學位或研究院資歷，加三年家事法或家庭福利／輔導工作經驗，並完成最少四十小時嘅基本家事調解訓練，再喺認可督導下完成兩宗真實家事調解。除家事外，HKMAAL 亦設綜合調解員同大灣區調解員等認可類別。培訓同評審嘅費用由 HKMAAL 訂定，取得認可後可自願列入相關名單，方便法院、機構同公眾選用。","bodyEn":"Family mediators normally hold a degree or postgraduate qualification in social work, psychology, counselling or law plus three years' experience in family law or family welfare and counselling, complete at least 40 hours of basic family mediation training, and finish two live family mediations under an approved supervisor. Beyond family work, HKMAAL also offers general and Greater Bay Area mediator accreditation categories. Training and assessment fees are set by HKMAAL, and accredited mediators may opt to be listed so that courts, bodies and the public can find them."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。香港並無法例規定調解員薪酬或收費水平，調解員多以獨立執業、按個案收費或受僱於調解機構、律師行嘅方式執業；收費由調解員本人或所屬機構自訂，並由雙方協議，本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. Hong Kong law does not set mediator pay or fee levels; mediators usually practise independently, charge per case, or are employed by mediation bodies or law firms, with fees set by the mediator or the organisation and agreed by the parties. No figures are listed here.","entryZh":["（HKMAAL 認可綜合調解員）提交申請前具備至少三年全職工作經驗","完成 HKMAAL 認可、最少四十小時嘅調解訓練課程","通過至少兩宗模擬個案評估，並取得評估員嘅評語","完成認可申請並遵守持續專業發展等要求","（家事調解員）另需社會工作、心理學、輔導或法律嘅學位或研究院資歷，加三年家事相關經驗"],"entryEn":["(HKMAAL accredited general mediator) At least three years' full-time work experience before applying","Satisfactory completion of a HKMAAL-approved mediation training course of at least 40 hours","Pass at least two simulated case assessments with assessor comments","Complete the accreditation application and meet continuing-development requirements","(Family mediator) A degree or postgraduate qualification in social work, psychology, counselling or law plus three years' family-related experience"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"成為 HKMAAL 認可綜合調解員","titleEn":"Become a HKMAAL accredited general mediator","stepsZh":["累積至少三年全職工作經驗","完成 HKMAAL 認可、最少四十小時嘅調解訓練課程（第一階段）","通過至少兩宗模擬綜合個案評估（第二階段），並喺三年內完成","向 HKMAAL 提交認可申請，附上評估表格同和解協議（第三階段）"],"stepsEn":["Build at least three years of full-time work experience","Complete a HKMAAL-approved mediation training course of at least 40 hours (Stage 1)","Pass at least two simulated general case assessments (Stage 2) within three years","Submit the accreditation application to HKMAAL with assessment forms and settlement agreements (Stage 3)"],"sourceIds":["careers-mediator-2"]},{"titleZh":"成為 HKMAAL 認可家事調解員","titleEn":"Become a HKMAAL accredited family mediator","stepsZh":["持有社會工作、心理學、輔導或法律嘅學位或研究院資歷，並具三年家事相關經驗","完成最少四十小時嘅基本家事調解訓練（第一階段）","喺認可督導下完成兩宗真實家事調解（第二階段），每宗最少五小時","完成進階家事調解訓練課程（第三階段）","向 HKMAAL 提交認可申請（第四階段）"],"stepsEn":["Hold a degree or postgraduate qualification in social work, psychology, counselling or law with three years' family-related experience","Complete at least 40 hours of basic family mediation training (Stage 1)","Complete two live family mediations under an approved supervisor (Stage 2), each at least five hours","Complete an advanced family mediation training course (Stage 3)","Submit the accreditation application to HKMAAL (Stage 4)"],"sourceIds":["careers-mediator-4"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"調解訓練學員","titleEn":"Mediation trainee"},{"titleZh":"認可綜合調解員","titleEn":"Accredited general mediator"},{"titleZh":"認可家事調解員","titleEn":"Accredited family mediator"},{"titleZh":"家事調解督導","titleEn":"Family mediation supervisor"},{"titleZh":"調解評估員／導師","titleEn":"Mediation assessor / trainer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"調解訓練學員","titleEn":"Mediation trainee"},{"titleZh":"認可綜合調解員","titleEn":"Accredited general mediator"},{"titleZh":"認可家事調解員","titleEn":"Accredited family mediator"},{"titleZh":"家事調解督導","titleEn":"Family mediation supervisor"},{"titleZh":"調解評估員／導師","titleEn":"Mediation assessor / trainer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-mediator-1","careers-mediator-2","careers-mediator-3","careers-mediator-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"medical-laboratory-technologist","titleZh":"醫務化驗師","titleEn":"Medical laboratory technologist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"醫務化驗師化驗病人嘅血液、尿液、組織等樣本，出報告支援診斷同治療，同時負責品質控制同覆核異常結果。香港規定所有執業醫務化驗師必須向醫務化驗師管理委員會註冊，資格由《專職醫療業條例》同相關規例規定。","ledeEn":"Medical laboratory technologists test patient samples such as blood, urine and tissue and issue results that support diagnosis and treatment, while running quality control and checking abnormal results. In Hong Kong every practising technologist must be registered with the Medical Laboratory Technologists Board under the Allied Health Professions Ordinance.","bodyZh":"醫務化驗師喺醫院、診所同私營化驗所工作，日常工作包括樣本前處理、操作分析儀器、做品質控制、覆核異常結果同出一份份化驗報告，支援醫生診斷同治療。化驗範疇可以細分為血液、微生物、化學病理、組織學等，化驗師要確保過程準確、可靠同可追溯。\n\n入行關卡係法定註冊。根據香港法例第359章《專職醫療業條例》同《醫務化驗師（註冊及紀律處分程序）規例》，所有執業醫務化驗師都必須註冊；醫務化驗師管理委員會喺一九八一年成立，醫務化驗師註冊自一九九零年十月一日開始。條例亦規定，紀律規管喺一九九一年八月一日生效，委員會負責備存註冊名冊同促進專業水平同操守。\n\n註冊分部分。持有委員會認可資格嘅人可註冊於名冊第II部分，毋須經驗；如要註冊於第I部分（正式註冊），除咗認可資格，仲要具備至少三年取得資格後嘅認可工作經驗，其中最少兩年須喺香港取得。持有非訂明資格嘅人，可根據條例第12(1)(b)條按個別情況申請，學歷一般須達高級文憑或以上，並涵蓋足夠嘅醫務化驗相關科目。","bodyEn":"Medical laboratory technologists work in hospitals, clinics and private laboratories. Their day covers sample handling, operating analysers, running quality control, checking abnormal results and issuing reports that support diagnosis and treatment. The field breaks down into haematology, microbiology, chemical pathology, histology and more, and technologists must keep the process accurate, reliable and traceable.\n\nThe gate is statutory registration. Under the Allied Health Professions Ordinance (Cap. 359) and the Medical Laboratory Technologists (Registration and Disciplinary Procedure) Regulations, all practising medical laboratory technologists must be registered. The Medical Laboratory Technologists Board was established in 1981, and registration of the profession began on 1 October 1990. The Ordinance also provides that disciplinary control took effect on 1 August 1991, and the Board maintains the register and promotes standards of practice and conduct.\n\nRegistration is divided into parts. A person holding a qualification recognised by the Board may register in Part II, with no experience required. For Part I (full registration), on top of a recognised qualification a technologist must have at least three years of post-qualification recognised experience, of which at least two years must be gained in Hong Kong. A person holding a non-prescribed qualification may apply under section 12(1)(b) of the Ordinance on individual merits, normally with a qualification at higher diploma level or above covering an adequate number of medical laboratory science subjects.","sections":[{"titleZh":"日常工作","titleEn":"Day-to-day work","bodyZh":"化驗師要接收同處理病人樣本，核對資料、編號同儲存條件，然後用儀器分析，得出結果後覆核有無異常。實驗室要定期做品質控制同校正，確保數據準確。遇到危急或離群結果，化驗師須即時通知臨床人員，並保留紀錄。疾病爆發時，微生物化驗師要協助鑑定病原體，工作時間可能要輪班同隨時待命。","bodyEn":"Technologists receive and process patient samples, checking details, identifiers and storage conditions, then run them on analysers and review the results for anything abnormal. Laboratories run regular quality control and calibration to keep data accurate. When a critical or outlying result appears, the technologist must alert clinical staff promptly and keep a record. During outbreaks, microbiology technologists help identify pathogens, and hours may involve shifts and on-call duty. Results and quality records are documented so that each test can be traced back through the process, supporting accreditation and external quality assurance."},{"titleZh":"法定註冊要求","titleEn":"Statutory registration","bodyZh":"《專職醫療業條例》（第359章）訂明，所有執業醫務化驗師均須註冊，並列出獲豁免嘅特定情況。醫務化驗師管理委員會負責備存註冊名冊、促進專業水平同操守，同執行條例指派嘅職能。註冊申請由委員會審批；以非訂明資格申請者，由專職醫療業管理局決定是否具備註冊資格，並決定列入名冊邊一部分，過程可按個別情況諮詢委員會。","bodyEn":"The Allied Health Professions Ordinance (Cap. 359) provides that all practising medical laboratory technologists must be registered and sets out the specific exemptions. The Medical Laboratory Technologists Board maintains the register, promotes standards of practice and conduct, and carries out functions assigned by the Ordinance. The Board approves registration applications; for applicants with non-prescribed qualifications, the Allied Health Professions Council decides whether they are qualified and which part of the register they enter, and may consult the Board on individual cases."},{"titleZh":"註冊部分同途徑","titleEn":"Parts of the register and routes","bodyZh":"名冊分部分：第II部分毋須經驗，適合剛畢業嘅認可學歷持有人；第I部分屬正式註冊，除認可資格外須有至少三年取得資格後經驗，其中最少兩年喺香港。喺一九九零年十月一日條例適用當日已執業但無正式資格嘅人，可根據第12(1)(c)條按教育、訓練、經驗同技能申請。除註冊外，執業化驗師亦要符合強制性持續專業發展要求。","bodyEn":"The register has parts: Part II requires no experience and suits new holders of recognised qualifications, while Part I is full registration and requires at least three years of post-qualification experience, of which at least two years are in Hong Kong. A person who was already practising on 1 October 1990, when the Ordinance began to apply, but holds no formal qualification may apply under section 12(1)(c) on the basis of education, training, experience and skill. Beyond registration, practising technologists must also meet mandatory continuing professional development requirements."}],"payBasisZh":"無單一官方薪級。薪酬視僱主而定：受僱於醫院管理局者按醫管局薪酬制度，受僱於衞生署者按公務員薪級，私營化驗所同診所則由僱主自訂；本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"No single official pay scale. Pay depends on the employer: those employed by the Hospital Authority follow its pay system, those in the Department of Health follow the civil-service scale, and private laboratories and clinics set pay themselves. No figures are listed here.","entryZh":["持有醫務化驗科學或相關範疇嘅認可學位或高級文憑","向醫務化驗師管理委員會申請註冊（第II部分毋須經驗）","（第I部分正式註冊）具備至少三年取得資格後認可經驗，其中最少兩年喺香港","（非訂明資格）經專職醫療業管理局按條例第12(1)(b)條個別評審","符合強制性持續專業發展要求並遵守專業操守及紀律規定"],"entryEn":["A recognised degree or higher diploma in medical laboratory science or a related field","Apply to the Medical Laboratory Technologists Board for registration (Part II needs no experience)","(Part I full registration) At least three years of post-qualification recognised experience, of which at least two years are in Hong Kong","(Non-prescribed qualification) Assessed individually by the Allied Health Professions Council under section 12(1)(b)","Meet mandatory continuing professional development requirements and the rules on conduct and discipline"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"本地學歷入行","titleEn":"Enter with a local qualification","stepsZh":["修讀本地大學或院校嘅醫務化驗科學認可課程","畢業後向醫務化驗師管理委員會申請註冊於名冊第II部分","累積三年取得資格後經驗，其中最少兩年喺香港","申請註冊於第I部分（正式註冊）"],"stepsEn":["Study a recognised medical laboratory science programme at a local university or institution","After graduation, apply to the Medical Laboratory Technologists Board for Part II registration","Build three years of post-qualification experience, of which at least two years are in Hong Kong","Apply for Part I (full) registration"],"sourceIds":["careers-medical-laboratory-technologist-1"]},{"titleZh":"海外學歷入行","titleEn":"Enter with an overseas qualification","stepsZh":["持有非本地化驗科學資歷（一般須達高級文憑或以上，並涵蓋足夠相關科目）","根據《專職醫療業條例》第12(1)(b)條向專職醫療業管理局申請評審","由管理局決定是否具備註冊資格及列入名冊邊一部分","向醫務化驗師管理委員會完成註冊"],"stepsEn":["Hold a non-local laboratory science qualification (normally higher diploma or above covering enough relevant subjects)","Apply under section 12(1)(b) of the Allied Health Professions Ordinance for assessment by the Allied Health Professions Council","The Council decides whether you are qualified and which part of the register you enter","Complete registration with the Medical Laboratory Technologists Board"],"sourceIds":["careers-medical-laboratory-technologist-1"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"註冊醫務化驗師（第II部分）","titleEn":"Registered medical laboratory technologist (Part II)"},{"titleZh":"註冊醫務化驗師（第I部分）","titleEn":"Registered medical laboratory technologist (Part I)"},{"titleZh":"高級醫務化驗師","titleEn":"Senior medical laboratory technologist"},{"titleZh":"醫務化驗部門主管","titleEn":"Chief medical laboratory technologist"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"註冊醫務化驗師（第II部分）","titleEn":"Registered medical laboratory technologist (Part II)"},{"titleZh":"註冊醫務化驗師（第I部分）","titleEn":"Registered medical laboratory technologist (Part I)"},{"titleZh":"高級醫務化驗師","titleEn":"Senior medical laboratory technologist"},{"titleZh":"醫務化驗部門主管","titleEn":"Chief medical laboratory technologist"}],"sourceIds":["careers-medical-laboratory-technologist-1","careers-medical-laboratory-technologist-2","careers-medical-laboratory-technologist-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"medical-social-worker","titleZh":"醫務社工","titleEn":"Medical social worker","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","ledeZh":"醫務社工喺醫院協助病人同家屬處理因疾病、創傷或殘疾引起嘅社會同情緒問題，包括輔導、經濟援助、房屋、照顧安排同出院計劃。入行關卡係必須根據《社會工作者註冊條例》註冊為註冊社工，並持有認可社工學歷。","ledeEn":"Medical social workers help patients and families deal with the social and emotional consequences of illness, trauma or disability in hospital, covering counselling, financial aid, housing, care arrangements and discharge planning. The gate is registration as a social worker under the Social Workers Registration Ordinance, which requires a recognised social work qualification.","bodyZh":"醫務社工係醫院臨床團隊嘅一員，公立醫院設有醫務社會工作部，照顧病人社會及心理方面嘅需要。服務範圍包括評估病人社會及心理狀況、提供輔導、訂定入院及離院計劃、調配社區資源同安排實質援助（例如申請綜援、體恤安置、家務助理、購置醫療器具同就業安排），亦會策劃教育、支援同自助小組，並與其他醫護人員商議治療同康復計劃、倡導病人權益。\n\n因為疾病會連帶影響收入、居住、照顧同情緒，醫務社工要同時處理實務同心理兩條線。佢哋會為病人做社會心理評估，了解家庭網絡、經濟狀況同照顧能力，再轉介合適嘅社區服務；出院時要協調家居支援、復康服務同院舍安排，減少病人因社會因素而滯留醫院。\n\n入行關卡屬法定註冊。社會工作者註冊局按照《社會工作者註冊條例》（第505章）第17條審議註冊同續期，條件包括持有註冊局認可嘅社工學歷、通常居於香港、屬合適及恰當人士、不受紀律制裁命令限制，以及就曾否被定罪作出申報。醫院管理局、社會福利署同非政府機構都會聘請醫務社工，入職學歷通常要求社會工作學位（對應助理社會工作主任職級）。","bodyEn":"Medical social workers are part of the hospital clinical team, working in medical social work departments in public hospitals to meet patients' social and psychological needs. Their scope covers assessing patients' social and psychological situation, providing counselling, formulating admission and discharge plans, mobilising community resources and arranging practical help such as applications for social security, compassionate rehousing, home help, purchase of medical appliances and employment support. They also run education, support and self-help groups, consult other health professionals on treatment and rehabilitation plans, and advocate for patients' rights.\n\nBecause illness also affects income, housing, care and emotions, medical social workers handle both practical and psychological strands. They carry out psychosocial assessments of the patient's family network, finances and caring capacity, refer to suitable community services, and coordinate home support, rehabilitation services and residential placement at discharge, so that patients are not kept in hospital because of social factors.\n\nThe gate is statutory registration. The Social Workers Registration Board considers registration and renewal under section 17 of the Social Workers Registration Ordinance (Cap. 505), including holding a Board-recognised social work qualification, ordinarily residing in Hong Kong, being a fit and proper person, not being subject to a disciplinary order, and declaring any convictions. The Hospital Authority, the Social Welfare Department and NGOs all employ medical social workers, usually requiring a social work degree for the Assistant Social Work Officer entry grade.","sections":[{"titleZh":"服務範圍","titleEn":"Scope of service","bodyZh":"醫院嘅醫務社會服務包括評估病人社會及心理狀況、提供輔導、訂定入院及離院計劃、調配社區資源同安排實質援助（如申請綜援、體恤安置、家務助理、購置醫療器具同就業安排）。醫務社工亦會策劃同推行教育、支持、自助及治療小組，與其他醫護人員協商全面治療及康復計劃，倡導病人權益，並發展同進行研究服務。","bodyEn":"Medical social services in hospitals include assessing patients' social and psychological situation, providing counselling, formulating admission and discharge plans, mobilising community resources and arranging practical help such as social security applications, compassionate rehousing, home help, purchase of medical appliances and employment support. Medical social workers also plan and run education, support, self-help and therapeutic groups, consult other health professionals on comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation plans, advocate for patients' rights, and develop and carry out research. The aim is to help patients and families cope with the practical and emotional impact of illness and to link them to the services they need."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：法定註冊","titleEn":"The gate: statutory registration","bodyZh":"社會工作者註冊局按《社會工作者註冊條例》第17條審議註冊同續期申請，條件包括持有註冊局認可社工學歷、通常居於香港、屬合適及恰當人士、不受紀律制裁命令限制，同就曾否被定罪作出申報。申請人須就曾否被定罪作法定聲明；註冊後如被檢控或被定罪，須盡快書面通知註冊局。已持認可社工學歷者，即使課程已停辦，仍可申請註冊，現時並無期限。","bodyEn":"The Social Workers Registration Board considers applications for registration and renewal under section 17 of the Social Workers Registration Ordinance, taking into account a Board-recognised social work qualification, ordinary residence in Hong Kong, being a fit and proper person, not being subject to a disciplinary order, and a declaration of any convictions. Applicants must make a statutory declaration on convictions; after registration they must notify the Board in writing as soon as practicable if charged or convicted. A person holding a recognised qualification may still apply even if the course has closed, and there is currently no time limit."},{"titleZh":"工作場所同職級","titleEn":"Workplaces and grades","bodyZh":"醫務社工主要喺公立醫院嘅醫務社會工作部工作，亦有由社會福利署派駐醫院同非政府機構提供服務嘅人。入職學歷通常係社會工作學位，對應助理社會工作主任職級，主要負責個案工作同小組服務。工作同病房緊密相連，要向醫護解釋病人嘅社會處境，亦要向社區服務單位轉介，所以溝通同危機應變能力好重要。","bodyEn":"Medical social workers mainly work in medical social work departments in public hospitals, with some posted to hospitals by the Social Welfare Department and some serving through NGOs. The entry qualification is usually a social work degree, corresponding to the Assistant Social Work Officer grade, focused on casework and group work. The role is closely tied to the wards: you explain patients' social circumstances to clinical staff and refer to community services, so communication and crisis handling matter greatly, especially when a patient's situation calls for quick and sensitive decisions."}],"payBasisZh":"視僱主而定。受僱於社會福利署者按公務員薪級；受僱於醫院管理局者按醫管局薪酬制度；受僱於非政府機構者由機構按資助安排同內部制度訂定。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"It depends on the employer. Those in the Social Welfare Department follow the civil-service scale, those in the Hospital Authority follow its pay system, and those in NGOs are paid under their funding arrangements and internal systems. No figures are listed here.","entryZh":["持有社會工作者註冊局認可嘅社工學位或文憑","向社會工作者註冊局申請註冊為註冊社工（符合條例第17條各項）","通常居於香港","屬合適及恰當人士，且不受紀律制裁命令限制","就曾否被定罪作出法定聲明"],"entryEn":["A social work degree or diploma recognised by the Social Workers Registration Board","Apply to the Social Workers Registration Board for registration as a registered social worker (meeting section 17 of the Ordinance)","Ordinarily reside in Hong Kong","Be a fit and proper person and not subject to a disciplinary order","Make a statutory declaration on any convictions"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"修讀認可社工學位","titleEn":"Study a recognised social work degree","stepsZh":["修讀本地大學嘅社會工作學士學位（含認可實習時數）","畢業後向社會工作者註冊局申請註冊為註冊社工","入職公立醫院醫務社會工作部或非政府機構","累積個案工作經驗，逐步承擔更複雜個案同督導工作"],"stepsEn":["Study a local university bachelor's degree in social work (with the recognised fieldwork hours)","After graduation, apply to the Social Workers Registration Board to become a registered social worker","Join a public hospital medical social work department or an NGO","Build casework experience and gradually take on more complex cases and supervisory duties"],"sourceIds":["careers-medical-social-worker-1","careers-medical-social-worker-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"社會工作助理","titleEn":"Social Work Assistant"},{"titleZh":"助理社會工作主任","titleEn":"Assistant Social Work Officer"},{"titleZh":"社會工作主任","titleEn":"Social Work Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級社會工作主任","titleEn":"Senior Social Work Officer"},{"titleZh":"總社會工作主任","titleEn":"Chief Social Work Officer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"社會工作助理","titleEn":"Social Work Assistant"},{"titleZh":"助理社會工作主任","titleEn":"Assistant Social Work Officer"},{"titleZh":"社會工作主任","titleEn":"Social Work Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級社會工作主任","titleEn":"Senior Social Work Officer"},{"titleZh":"總社會工作主任","titleEn":"Chief Social Work Officer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-medical-social-worker-1","careers-medical-social-worker-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"meteorological-officer","titleZh":"科學主任（香港天文台）","titleEn":"Scientific Officer (Hong Kong Observatory)","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"科學主任（香港天文台）負責天氣分析同預報、發出警告信號，並提供氣候、輻射、海洋同航空氣象服務。入行關卡係公務員招聘，須持指定理科榮譽學位，並符合語文同《基本法及香港國安法》測試要求。","ledeEn":"Scientific Officers at the Hong Kong Observatory analyse weather, issue forecasts and warning signals, and provide climate, radiation, marine and aviation meteorological services. The gate is civil-service recruitment, requiring a specified science honours degree and the language and Basic Law and National Security Law Test requirements.","bodyZh":"天文台科學主任主要負責執行天氣預測職務，督導及訓練員工，並研究同提供天氣、氣候、授時及地球物理、輻射監測、海洋物理、航空氣象、海洋氣象、應用氣象、數據處理及資訊科技等服務。佢哋可能要喺本地接受專業培訓，亦可能被送往海外進修氣象學或其他有關課程，並須隨時候召、執行戶外職務、輪班，喺正常工作時間以外同惡劣天氣情況下工作。\n\n入職關卡係公務員招聘。申請人須持有本港大學頒授嘅物理、數學、氣象學、核子科學或其他合適理科科目嘅一級或二級榮譽學士學位，或同等學歷；並符合以下其中一項：畢業後有最少兩年與氣象相關嘅工作經驗，或持有本港大學頒授嘅物理、數學、氣象學、核子科學、電腦科學、資訊科技學、電子工程學或其他合適理科科目碩士學位，或同等學歷。\n\n此外，申請人須符合語文能力要求，喺綜合招聘考試兩張語文試卷（中文運用同英文運用）中取得「一級」成績，或同等資格，並喺《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格成績。職系晉升階梯由科學主任起步，依次為高級科學主任、助理天文台台長、天文台台長。","bodyEn":"Scientific Officers at the Observatory are mainly responsible for weather forecasting duties, supervising and training staff, and researching and delivering services in weather, climate, time and geophysics, radiation monitoring, ocean physics, aviation meteorology, marine meteorology, applied meteorology, data processing and information technology. They may receive professional training locally or be sent overseas to study meteorology or other related courses, and must be prepared for on-call duty, outdoor work, shift work, and work outside normal hours and in severe weather.\n\nThe gate is civil-service recruitment. Candidates must hold a first- or second-class honours bachelor's degree in physics, mathematics, meteorology, nuclear science or another suitable science subject from a Hong Kong university, or equivalent, and meet one of the following: at least two years of post-graduation work experience related to meteorology; or a master's degree in physics, mathematics, meteorology, nuclear science, computer science, information technology, electronic engineering or another suitable science subject from a Hong Kong university, or equivalent.\n\nIn addition, candidates must meet the language proficiency requirement of Grade 1 in the two language papers (Use of Chinese and Use of English) of the Common Recruitment Examination, or equivalent, and pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. The grade's promotion ladder runs from Scientific Officer through Senior Scientific Officer and Assistant Director to Director of the Hong Kong Observatory.","sections":[{"titleZh":"服務範圍","titleEn":"Range of services","bodyZh":"天文台科學主任嘅工作唔止天氣預報。除咗分析天氣形勢、發出預報同警告信號，佢哋亦要操作雷達同衛星系統，並提供氣候、授時及地球物理、輻射監測、海洋物理、航空氣象、海洋氣象同應用氣象服務，以及數據處理同資訊科技支援。部分崗位要輪班或隨時候召，颱風、暴雨等惡劣天氣期間通常最忙。","bodyEn":"Observatory Scientific Officers do more than forecasting. Besides analysing weather situations and issuing forecasts and warning signals, they operate radar and satellite systems and provide climate, time and geophysics, radiation monitoring, ocean physics, aviation meteorology, marine meteorology and applied meteorology services, along with data processing and IT support. Some posts involve shift work or on-call duty, and the workload usually peaks during severe weather such as typhoons and rainstorms. Officers may also brief the public, the media and other government departments when significant weather threatens the territory."},{"titleZh":"入職條件","titleEn":"Entry requirements","bodyZh":"入職要同時滿足學歷、經驗或深造、語文同測試四方面。學歷方面須持指定理科嘅一級或二級榮譽學士學位；經驗方面須有最少兩年氣象相關工作經驗，或改以相關理科碩士學位代替；語文方面須喺綜合招聘考試中文運用同英文運用兩卷取得「一級」；另須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。天文台亦可能安排本地專業培訓或送海外進修。","bodyEn":"Entry requires qualifications, experience or further study, language and the test together. On qualifications, a first- or second-class honours bachelor's degree in a specified science subject is needed; on experience, at least two years of meteorology-related work experience, or a relevant science master's degree in place of experience; on language, Grade 1 in both Use of Chinese and Use of English in the Common Recruitment Examination; and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. The Observatory may also arrange local professional training or overseas study."},{"titleZh":"職系同晉升","titleEn":"Grade and progression","bodyZh":"科學主任係天文台嘅主要專業職系，職級由低到高包括科學主任、高級科學主任、助理天文台台長同天文台台長。較高職級會承擔更多督導、管理同對外事務，亦要統籌大型服務同研究項目。天文台亦會安排科學主任接受本地或海外專業培訓，以應付職務需要。薪酬按公務員薪級表所屬職級訂定，以公務員事務局公布嘅薪級資料為準。","bodyEn":"The Scientific Officer grade is the Observatory's main professional grade. From the bottom up the ranks are Scientific Officer, Senior Scientific Officer, Assistant Director and Director of the Hong Kong Observatory. More senior ranks carry greater supervisory, managerial and external duties and coordinate large service and research projects. The Observatory also arranges local or overseas professional meteorological training to meet the demands of the job. Pay follows the civil-service pay scales for the grade held, as published by the Civil Service Bureau."}],"payBasisZh":"公務員職位。薪酬按公務員薪級表同所屬職級訂定（科學主任屬總薪級表職級，較高職級屬首長級薪級表），以公務員事務局公布嘅薪級資料為準；本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"A civil-service post. Pay follows the civil-service pay scales and the grade held (the Scientific Officer grade sits on the Master Pay Scale, with senior ranks on the Directorate Pay Scale), as published by the Civil Service Bureau; no figures are listed here.","entryZh":["本港大學頒授嘅物理、數學、氣象學、核子科學或其他合適理科科目一級或二級榮譽學士學位，或同等學歷","畢業後最少兩年與氣象相關嘅工作經驗；或持相關理科碩士學位，或同等學歷","符合語文能力要求，喺綜合招聘考試中文運用同英文運用兩卷取得「一級」成績，或同等資格","喺《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格成績"],"entryEn":["A first- or second-class honours bachelor's degree in physics, mathematics, meteorology, nuclear science or another suitable science subject from a Hong Kong university, or equivalent","At least two years of post-graduation work experience related to meteorology; or a relevant science master's degree, or equivalent","Meet the language proficiency requirement of Grade 1 in both Use of Chinese and Use of English in the Common Recruitment Examination, or equivalent","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"理科畢業生投考科學主任","titleEn":"Science graduates applying as Scientific Officers","stepsZh":["修讀物理、數學、氣象學或相關理科榮譽學位","畢業後累積最少兩年與氣象相關嘅工作經驗，或進修相關理科碩士","通過綜合招聘考試語文兩卷「一級」同《基本法及香港國安法》測試","經公務員事務局招聘程序申請科學主任職位"],"stepsEn":["Study an honours degree in physics, mathematics, meteorology or another related science","After graduation, build at least two years of meteorology-related work experience, or take a relevant science master's degree","Pass Grade 1 in the two CRE language papers and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Apply for the Scientific Officer post through the Civil Service Bureau recruitment process"],"sourceIds":["careers-meteorological-officer-1"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"科學主任","titleEn":"Scientific Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級科學主任","titleEn":"Senior Scientific Officer"},{"titleZh":"助理天文台台長","titleEn":"Assistant Director"},{"titleZh":"天文台台長","titleEn":"Director of the Hong Kong Observatory"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"科學主任","titleEn":"Scientific Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級科學主任","titleEn":"Senior Scientific Officer"},{"titleZh":"助理天文台台長","titleEn":"Assistant Director"},{"titleZh":"天文台台長","titleEn":"Director of the Hong Kong Observatory"}],"sourceIds":["careers-meteorological-officer-1","careers-meteorological-officer-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"midwife","titleZh":"助產士","titleEn":"Midwife","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"助產士喺產前、分娩同產後照顧孕婦同初生嬰兒，包括產檢、接生、哺乳指導同新生嬰兒評估。入行關卡係必須根據《助產士註冊條例》向香港助產士管理局註冊，並持有效執業證明書方可執業。","ledeEn":"Midwives care for pregnant women and newborn babies before, during and after birth, covering antenatal checks, delivery, breastfeeding support and newborn assessment. The gate is registration with the Midwives Council of Hong Kong under the Midwives Registration Ordinance, plus a valid practising certificate.","bodyZh":"助產士喺產前、分娩同產後照顧孕婦同初生嬰兒，工作涵蓋產檢、接生、產後護理、哺乳指導同新生嬰兒評估，主要工作場所係醫院產房、產科病房同母嬰健康院。助產士要喺孕婦分娩時自行負責接生，為母嬰提供預防措施、促進正常分娩、及早識別併發症，並喺有需要時轉介醫生或採取緊急處理。\n\n入行關卡屬法定註冊。根據《助產士註冊條例》（第162章），香港助產士管理局負責備存助產士名冊同規管專業；法例規定，未持有效執業證明書嘅人不得以註冊助產士身分執業。管理局嘅定義係：成功完成香港認可、並符合管理局《註冊助產士核心才能》嘅助產教育課程，通過管理局訂明嘅評核，取得註冊同／或合法執業所需資歷嘅人。\n\n本地培訓方面，助產訓練課程一般係為註冊護士而設嘅註冊後課程，學生完成課程並通過管理局訂明嘅考試後，即合資格向管理局申請註冊為註冊助產士。海外受訓人士亦可以向管理局申請註冊，須提交註冊證明、執業證明、畢業證書等文件，並經個別評審。管理局會就助產訓練課程嘅科目、建議課時同臨床實習要求發出參考指引。","bodyEn":"Midwives care for pregnant women and newborn babies before, during and after birth, covering antenatal checks, delivery, postnatal care, breastfeeding support and newborn assessment, mainly in labour wards, postnatal wards and maternal and child health centres. A midwife conducts births on her own responsibility, provides preventative measures and promotes normal birth, detects complications early in mother and child, and refers to a doctor or takes emergency measures when needed.\n\nThe gate is statutory registration. Under the Midwives Registration Ordinance (Cap. 162), the Midwives Council of Hong Kong keeps the register of midwives and regulates the profession, and the law provides that a person may not practise as a registered midwife without a valid practising certificate. The Council's definition is a person who has successfully completed a midwifery education programme recognised in Hong Kong that matches its Core Competencies for Registered Midwives, passed the assessment stipulated by the Council, and acquired the qualifications needed to be registered and/or licensed to practise.\n\nFor local training, midwifery programmes are generally post-registration courses for registered nurses; on completing the programme and passing the examination stipulated by the Council, a student is eligible to apply to the Council for registration as a registered midwife. Midwives trained outside Hong Kong may also apply, submitting evidence such as registration certificates, practising certificates and graduation certificates for individual assessment. The Council issues reference guides setting out the subjects, recommended contact hours and clinical practice requirements of midwifery training programmes.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作內容","titleEn":"What the work involves","bodyZh":"助產士要為孕婦做產前檢查同健康教育，監察母嬰情況；分娩時負責接生，留意產程進展同胎兒狀況，及早識別異常並轉介。產後要照顧產婦同初生嬰兒，指導餵哺母乳、觀察新生嬰兒健康同提供育嬰支援。喺母嬰健康院，助產士亦會做產後檢查、家庭計劃同育兒指導。工作節奏跟產房運作，須輪班，突發情況多，要冷靜應變。","bodyEn":"Midwives provide antenatal checks and health education, monitoring mother and baby; during labour they conduct the birth, watch the progress of labour and the baby's condition, detect abnormalities early and refer. After birth they care for the mother and newborn, support breastfeeding, observe the newborn's health and give parenting support. In maternal and child health centres they also do postnatal checks, family planning and parenting guidance. The pace follows the labour ward, involving shifts, with frequent emergencies that call for calm judgement."},{"titleZh":"註冊關卡","titleEn":"The registration gate","bodyZh":"《助產士註冊條例》（第162章）設立香港助產士管理局，負責助產士註冊同紀律事務，並訂明執業證明書要求。管理局嘅核心才能同訓練指引列出助產士須具備嘅專業、倫理同法律知識。本地受訓者通過管理局考試後，即合資格申請註冊；註冊後仍須持有效執業證明書先可以執業，並須遵守專業操守守則同持續進修要求。","bodyEn":"The Midwives Registration Ordinance (Cap. 162) establishes the Midwives Council of Hong Kong to handle midwife registration and discipline and sets out the practising certificate requirement. The Council's core competencies and training guides set out the professional, ethical and legal knowledge a midwife must have. Local trainees who pass the Council's examination are eligible to apply for registration; after registration they must still hold a valid practising certificate to practise, and must follow the code of conduct and continuing education requirements."},{"titleZh":"培訓途徑","titleEn":"Training routes","bodyZh":"本地助產訓練一般係註冊後課程，入讀者須先為註冊護士。管理局就課程嘅科目、建議課時同臨床實習要求發出參考指引，院校據此設計課程，學生完成課程並通過管理局考試後可申請註冊。海外受訓人士亦可申請，須提交註冊證明、執業證明同畢業證書等文件，個別評審其資歷。實際課程內容同收生安排，以院校同管理局公布為準。","bodyEn":"Local midwifery training is generally a post-registration programme requiring entrants to be registered nurses first. The Council issues reference guides on the subjects, recommended contact hours and clinical practice requirements, and institutions design programmes accordingly; students who finish the programme and pass the Council's examination may apply for registration. Midwives trained outside Hong Kong may also apply, submitting registration certificates, practising certificates and graduation certificates for individual assessment. Actual programme content and admissions are as announced by the institutions and the Council."}],"payBasisZh":"視僱主而定。受僱於醫院管理局者按醫管局薪酬制度，受僱於衞生署者按公務員薪級，私家醫院同診所則由僱主自訂。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"It depends on the employer. Those in the Hospital Authority follow its pay system, those in the Department of Health follow the civil-service scale, and private hospitals and clinics set pay themselves. No figures are listed here.","entryZh":["（本地途徑）一般先成為註冊護士，再入讀助產士管理局認可嘅註冊後助產訓練課程","完成認可課程並通過助產士管理局訂明嘅考試","向香港助產士管理局申請註冊為註冊助產士","持有效執業證明書方可執業","（海外受訓人士）學歷同資歷須經管理局個別評審，並提交註冊及執業證明等文件"],"entryEn":["(Local route) Normally become a registered nurse first, then take a Council-recognised post-registration midwifery training programme","Complete the recognised programme and pass the examination stipulated by the Midwives Council","Apply to the Midwives Council of Hong Kong for registration as a registered midwife","Hold a valid practising certificate in order to practise","(Trained overseas) Qualifications are assessed individually by the Council with registration and practising certificates submitted"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"護士轉職助產士","titleEn":"Move from nursing to midwifery","stepsZh":["先取得香港註冊護士資格","入讀助產士管理局認可嘅註冊後助產訓練課程","完成課程並通過管理局訂明嘅考試","向管理局申請註冊為註冊助產士，並領取執業證明書"],"stepsEn":["First obtain Hong Kong registered nurse status","Enrol in a Council-recognised post-registration midwifery training programme","Complete the programme and pass the examination stipulated by the Council","Apply to the Council for registration as a registered midwife and obtain a practising certificate"],"sourceIds":["careers-midwife-1","careers-midwife-2"]},{"titleZh":"海外助產士回流註冊","titleEn":"Overseas midwives registering in Hong Kong","stepsZh":["持有海外助產及護理教育嘅畢業證書同註冊證明","向香港助產士管理局提交註冊申請同相關文件","經管理局個別評審資歷","完成註冊並領取執業證明書"],"stepsEn":["Hold overseas midwifery and nursing education graduation certificates and registration evidence","Submit a registration application and supporting documents to the Midwives Council of Hong Kong","Have qualifications assessed individually by the Council","Complete registration and obtain a practising certificate"],"sourceIds":["careers-midwife-2","careers-midwife-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"助產士學生（註冊後課程）","titleEn":"Student midwife (post-registration programme)"},{"titleZh":"註冊助產士","titleEn":"Registered midwife"},{"titleZh":"資深助產士","titleEn":"Senior midwife"},{"titleZh":"產科病房／部門主管","titleEn":"Midwifery ward / department manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"助產士學生（註冊後課程）","titleEn":"Student midwife (post-registration programme)"},{"titleZh":"註冊助產士","titleEn":"Registered midwife"},{"titleZh":"資深助產士","titleEn":"Senior midwife"},{"titleZh":"產科病房／部門主管","titleEn":"Midwifery ward / department manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-midwife-1","careers-midwife-2","careers-midwife-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"mpf-intermediary","titleZh":"強積金中介人","titleEn":"MPF intermediary","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"強積金中介人向僱主同僱員解釋強積金安排、比較基金同收費、協助開戶同轉移權益。香港規定所有強積金中介人必須向積金局註冊，分主事中介人同附屬中介人兩類，並須通過認可考試。","ledeEn":"MPF intermediaries explain MPF arrangements to employers and employees, compare funds and fees, and help open accounts and transfer benefits. In Hong Kong every MPF intermediary must register with the MPFA, either as a principal intermediary or a subsidiary intermediary, and must pass a recognised examination.","bodyZh":"強積金中介人為僱主同僱員講解強積金安排，比較不同基金同收費，協助開立帳戶、整合同轉移強積金權益，並在銷售過程中遵守監管規定。中介人須清楚強積金制度、受託人角色、投資選擇，以及職業退休計劃同強積金之間嘅銜接安排，並且要認識 eMPF 平台等最新發展。\n\n入行關卡係法定註冊。根據《強積金條例》，中介人分兩類，兩者都必須向積金局註冊。主事中介人（PI）必須係某行業監督嘅甲類受規管者並處於良好狀況，同時指定至少一名負責人員監督受規管活動；甲類受規管者包括就保險業監管局而言嘅獲授權長期保險公司同持牌長期業務保險經紀公司、就金融管理專員而言嘅認可財務機構，以及就證監會而言嘅持牌法團。\n\n附屬中介人（SI）必須係乙類受規管者並處於良好狀況、隸屬一名主事中介人，同通過積金局認可嘅考試。作為註冊要求之一，新申請人須喺申請前一年內通過考試；如 SI 未喺申請前三年內註冊，或持續培訓未達標以致註冊被撤銷，則須重考。積金局認可嘅考試分別由職業訓練局同香港證券及投資學會舉辦，涵蓋監管框架、強積金制度特點、受託人職能、計劃同投資、eMPF 平台同 ESG 等範圍。","bodyEn":"MPF intermediaries explain MPF arrangements to employers and employees, compare funds and fees, help open accounts and consolidate and transfer MPF benefits, and follow regulatory requirements throughout the sales process. They must know the MPF system, the role of trustees, investment choices and the interface between ORSO schemes and the MPF System, and must be aware of developments such as the eMPF Platform.\n\nThe gate is statutory registration. Under the MPFSO, there are two types of intermediary, both of which must register with the MPFA. A principal intermediary (PI) must be a Type A regulatee of an industry regulator and in good standing, and must designate at least one responsible officer to supervise the regulated activities; Type A regulatees include authorised long-term insurers and licensed long-term business insurance broker companies (for the Insurance Authority), authorised financial institutions (for the Monetary Authority), and licensed corporations (for the SFC).\n\nA subsidiary intermediary (SI) must be a Type B regulatee in good standing, be attached to a PI, and pass an examination recognised by the MPFA. As part of registration, a new applicant must pass the examination within one year before applying; an SI who has not registered within three years before applying, or whose registration was revoked for failing to complete continuing training, must retake it. The recognised examinations are run by the Vocational Training Council and the Hong Kong Securities and Investment Institute, covering the regulatory framework, key features of the MPF System, trustee functions, schemes and investments, the eMPF Platform and ESG.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作內容","titleEn":"What the work involves","bodyZh":"強積金中介人嘅日常包括向客戶講解強積金計劃同基金選擇、比較收費、協助填寫同遞交開戶或轉移文件，以及解答供款同權益問題。佢哋要按客戶情況介紹投資選擇同風險，並遵守銷售同披露規定，確保資料準確。隨住 eMPF 平台推行，中介人亦要熟悉電子化流程同相關行政安排，協助僱主同僱員適應。","bodyEn":"An MPF intermediary's day includes explaining MPF schemes and fund choices to clients, comparing fees, helping complete and submit account-opening or transfer documents, and answering questions on contributions and benefits. They introduce investment options and risks in light of the client's situation and follow sales and disclosure rules to keep information accurate. With the roll-out of the eMPF Platform, intermediaries must also be familiar with digital processes and related administrative arrangements to help employers and employees adapt. This shift places more emphasis on explaining digital options clearly and helping clients use the platform with confidence."},{"titleZh":"註冊關卡","titleEn":"The registration gate","bodyZh":"中介人分主事中介人同附屬中介人兩類，兩者都必須向積金局註冊。主事中介人須係行業監督嘅甲類受規管者並處於良好狀況，並指定至少一名負責人員。附屬中介人須係乙類受規管者、處於良好狀況、隸屬一名主事中介人，同通過認可考試。申請註冊須符合《強積金條例》嘅相關條文，並遵守持續要求，例如持續培訓同通知資料變更。","bodyEn":"Intermediaries fall into two types, principal and subsidiary, and both must register with the MPFA. A principal intermediary must be a Type A regulatee of an industry regulator in good standing and must designate at least one responsible officer. A subsidiary intermediary must be a Type B regulatee in good standing, attached to a principal intermediary, and pass a recognised examination. Registration must satisfy the relevant provisions of the MPFSO and ongoing requirements such as continuing training and notifying changes in information."},{"titleZh":"考試同持續要求","titleEn":"Examination and ongoing requirements","bodyZh":"積金局認可嘅考試由職業訓練局同香港證券及投資學會舉辦，範圍涵蓋監管框架、強積金制度特點、受託人職能、計劃同投資、職業退休計劃同強積金嘅銜接、中介人監管、eMPF 平台同 ESG。新申請人須喺申請前一年內通過考試。積金局已編製考試綱要同研習資料，方便考生準備；註冊後仍須完成持續培訓同按規定繳付年費、提交年度申報等。","bodyEn":"The MPFA-recognised examinations are run by the Vocational Training Council and the Hong Kong Securities and Investment Institute, covering the regulatory framework, key features of the MPF System, trustee functions, schemes and investments, ORSO–MPF interface arrangements, regulation of MPF intermediaries, the eMPF Platform and ESG. New applicants must pass the examination within one year before applying. The MPFA has compiled an examination syllabus and study notes to help candidates prepare. After registration, intermediaries must complete continuing training and pay annual fees and submit annual returns as required."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。積金局只規管註冊，不訂立中介人薪酬。薪酬由僱主（例如銀行、保險公司或強積金中介公司）按底薪、佣金或獎金安排自訂，本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. The MPFA regulates registration only and does not set intermediary pay. Pay is set by the employer (such as a bank, insurer or MPF intermediary firm) under salary, commission or bonus arrangements. No figures are listed here.","entryZh":["（主事中介人）須為某行業監督嘅甲類受規管者並處於良好狀況","（主事中介人）指定至少一名負責人員監督受規管活動","（附屬中介人）須為乙類受規管者並處於良好狀況","（附屬中介人）須隸屬一名主事中介人","通過積金局認可嘅考試（新申請人須喺申請前一年內通過）","遵守持續培訓、繳費同資料變更通知等持續要求"],"entryEn":["(Principal intermediary) Must be a Type A regulatee of an industry regulator and in good standing","(Principal intermediary) Designate at least one responsible officer to supervise regulated activities","(Subsidiary intermediary) Must be a Type B regulatee in good standing","(Subsidiary intermediary) Must be attached to a principal intermediary","Pass an MPFA-recognised examination (new applicants within one year before applying)","Meet ongoing requirements such as continuing training, fees and notification of changes"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由受規管行業從業員成為附屬中介人","titleEn":"From a regulated-industry practitioner to a subsidiary intermediary","stepsZh":["成為行業監督嘅乙類受規管者（如持牌保險代理或相關從業員）","通過積金局認可嘅考試（職業訓練局或香港證券及投資學會舉辦）","獲一名主事中介人接收並附屬其下","向積金局申請註冊為附屬中介人，並遵守持續培訓要求"],"stepsEn":["Become a Type B regulatee of an industry regulator (such as a licensed insurance agent or related practitioner)","Pass an MPFA-recognised examination (run by the VTC or the HKSI Institute)","Be accepted by and attached to a principal intermediary","Apply to the MPFA for registration as a subsidiary intermediary and meet continuing training requirements"],"sourceIds":["careers-mpf-intermediary-1","careers-mpf-intermediary-2"]},{"titleZh":"由受規管機構成為主事中介人","titleEn":"From a regulated institution to a principal intermediary","stepsZh":["成為行業監督嘅甲類受規管者（如獲授權長期保險公司、持牌保險經紀公司、認可財務機構或持牌法團）","確保資格同註冊均處於良好狀況","指定至少一名負責人員監督受規管活動","向積金局申請註冊為主事中介人"],"stepsEn":["Become a Type A regulatee of an industry regulator (such as an authorised long-term insurer, licensed insurance broker company, authorised financial institution or licensed corporation)","Ensure the qualification and any registration are in good standing","Designate at least one responsible officer to supervise regulated activities","Apply to the MPFA for registration as a principal intermediary"],"sourceIds":["careers-mpf-intermediary-1","careers-mpf-intermediary-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"附屬中介人","titleEn":"Subsidiary intermediary"},{"titleZh":"負責人員","titleEn":"Responsible officer"},{"titleZh":"主事中介人","titleEn":"Principal intermediary"},{"titleZh":"主事中介人管理層","titleEn":"Principal intermediary management"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"附屬中介人","titleEn":"Subsidiary intermediary"},{"titleZh":"負責人員","titleEn":"Responsible officer"},{"titleZh":"主事中介人","titleEn":"Principal intermediary"},{"titleZh":"主事中介人管理層","titleEn":"Principal intermediary management"}],"sourceIds":["careers-mpf-intermediary-1","careers-mpf-intermediary-2","careers-mpf-intermediary-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"notary-public","titleZh":"公證人","titleEn":"Notary public","industryZh":"法律","industryEn":"Law","sectorId":"law","ledeZh":"公證人為文件做公證、認證簽署人身分、見證宣誓同製作公證文書，主要服務需要喺外地使用香港文件嘅人。入行關卡係須先為執業至少七年嘅律師，通過公證人考試，並由高等法院首席法官委任。","ledeEn":"Notaries public notarise documents, certify the identity of signatories, witness oaths and prepare notarial instruments, mainly for those who need Hong Kong documents used overseas. The gate is to be a solicitor of at least seven years' standing, pass the notaries public examination and be appointed by the Chief Judge of the High Court.","bodyZh":"公證人主要為文件做公證同認證：核實簽署人身分、見證宣誓、認證文件副本同製作公證文書，令香港文件可以喺外地使用。佢哋嘅工作同國際貿易、投資、移民同遺產事務關係密切，服務對象係需要喺香港以外使用文件嘅個人同企業。公證人嘅印章通常會喺高等法院同部分外國領事館備案，方便文件喺外地獲承認。\n\n入行關卡屬法定委任。根據《法律執業者條例》（第159章）第IV部，香港公證人嘅考試、委任同註冊由該部規管，委任權屬高等法院首席法官。香港法律公證人協會（HKSN）負責統籌公證人考試、專業發展、執業證明書嘅簽發，以及處理有關操守嘅投訴同調查。\n\n要成為公證人，一般須先係香港執業律師，並具備最少七年執業經驗，先可以報考公證人考試。HKSN 指出，2026 年公證人考試安排畀執業至少七年嘅律師報名，並設有可選嘅公證實務同匯票訓練課程。考生須先取得不反對通知書（letter of no objection），再申請成為 HKSN 會員，最後由高等法院首席法官委任，並每年領取執業證明書。公證人嘅職能同律師唔同，須獨立以公證人身分行事，並保持專業同誠信。","bodyEn":"Notaries public mainly notarise and certify documents: verifying the identity of signatories, witnessing oaths, certifying copies and preparing notarial instruments so that Hong Kong documents can be used overseas. Their work is closely tied to international trade, investment, immigration and probate, and their clients are individuals and companies who need documents used outside Hong Kong. A notary's seal is usually filed with the High Court and some foreign consulates so that documents are recognised abroad.\n\nThe gate is statutory appointment. Under Part IV of the Legal Practitioners Ordinance (Cap. 159), the examination, appointment and registration of notaries public in Hong Kong are regulated, and the power of appointment rests with the Chief Judge of the High Court. The Hong Kong Society of Notaries (HKSN) administers the notaries public examination, provides professional development programmes, issues annual practising certificates, and investigates complaints and allegations of professional misconduct.\n\nTo become a notary, a person is generally first a Hong Kong solicitor with at least seven years' post-qualification experience before sitting the notaries public examination. HKSN notes that the 2026 notaries public examination is open to solicitors of at least seven years' post-qualification experience, with an optional training course on notarial practice and bills of exchange. Candidates must first obtain a letter of no objection, then apply for membership of HKSN, and finally be appointed by the Chief Judge of the High Court and obtain an annual practising certificate.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作內容","titleEn":"What the work involves","bodyZh":"公證人會核實簽署人身分、見證簽署同宣誓、認證文件副本，同製作公證文書，例如授權書、公司文件同用於外地嘅聲明。由於文件最終喺海外使用，公證人要熟悉不同司法管轄區嘅要求，並確保程序同紀錄嚴謹。公證人通常本身係執業律師，同時從事律師同公證工作，但兩個身分嘅職能同責任唔同。","bodyEn":"Notaries public verify the identity of signatories, witness signatures and oaths, certify copies of documents and prepare notarial instruments such as powers of attorney, company documents and statements for overseas use. Because the documents end up abroad, a notary must understand the requirements of different jurisdictions and keep procedures and records rigorous. Notaries are usually practising solicitors who combine both roles, but the functions and responsibilities of the two capacities differ. Notarial records are kept systematically so that an instrument can be traced if it is later questioned overseas."},{"titleZh":"委任關卡","titleEn":"The appointment gate","bodyZh":"《法律執業者條例》（第159章）第IV部為公證人嘅考試、委任同註冊提供框架，委任權屬高等法院首席法官。一般須先為執業律師並具最少七年執業經驗，方符合報考資格。流程包括通過公證人考試、取得不反對通知書、加入香港法律公證人協會為會員，同由首席法官委任。公證人須每年領取執業證明書先可以執業。","bodyEn":"Part IV of the Legal Practitioners Ordinance (Cap. 159) provides the framework for the examination, appointment and registration of notaries public, with appointment vested in the Chief Judge of the High Court. A person generally must first be a practising solicitor of at least seven years' standing to be eligible to sit the examination. The process includes passing the notaries public examination, obtaining a letter of no objection, joining the Hong Kong Society of Notaries as a member, and appointment by the Chief Judge. A notary must obtain an annual practising certificate to practise."},{"titleZh":"協會職能同專業要求","titleEn":"Society functions and professional requirements","bodyZh":"香港法律公證人協會嘅職能包括公證人嘅委任、管理公證人考試、提供專業發展課程、指導同監察公證實務、簽發年度執業證明書，以及調查有關公證人專業失當嘅投訴同指控。協會亦設有公證實務同匯票訓練課程供考生選讀。律師會根據高等法院簽發嘅公證人委任證明書編製公證人名單，方便公眾同律師尋找公證人。","bodyEn":"The Hong Kong Society of Notaries' functions include the appointment of notaries public, administration of the notaries public examination, provision of professional development programmes, guidance and monitoring of notarial practice, issuance of annual practising certificates, and investigation of complaints and allegations of professional misconduct. It also offers a training course on notarial practice and bills of exchange for candidates. The Law Society compiles a list of notaries public based on appointment certificates issued by the High Court, to help the public and solicitors find a notary."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。公證人一般以獨立執業嘅律師／公證人身分提供服務，收費由公證人按服務性質同市場慣例自訂，或按相關規則同雙方協議訂定。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. Notaries public generally provide services as independent solicitors/notaries, with fees set by the notary according to the nature of the service and market practice, or under the relevant rules and agreement between the parties. No figures are listed here.","entryZh":["先成為香港執業律師，並具備最少七年執業經驗","通過香港法律公證人協會管理嘅公證人考試","取得不反對通知書（letter of no objection）","加入香港法律公證人協會為會員","由高等法院首席法官根據《法律執業者條例》第IV部委任","領取年度執業證明書方可執業"],"entryEn":["First be a Hong Kong practising solicitor with at least seven years' post-qualification experience","Pass the notaries public examination administered by the Hong Kong Society of Notaries","Obtain a letter of no objection","Join the Hong Kong Society of Notaries as a member","Be appointed by the Chief Judge of the High Court under Part IV of the Legal Practitioners Ordinance","Obtain an annual practising certificate in order to practise"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"律師轉任公證人","titleEn":"Solicitor becoming a notary public","stepsZh":["成為香港執業律師並累積至少七年執業經驗","報考香港法律公證人協會嘅公證人考試（可選讀公證實務訓練課程）","取得不反對通知書並申請成為 HKSN 會員","由高等法院首席法官委任為公證人"],"stepsEn":["Become a Hong Kong solicitor and build at least seven years' post-qualification experience","Sit the notaries public examination run by the Hong Kong Society of Notaries (with an optional notarial practice course)","Obtain a letter of no objection and apply for HKSN membership","Be appointed as a notary public by the Chief Judge of the High Court"],"sourceIds":["careers-notary-public-1","careers-notary-public-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"執業律師","titleEn":"Practising solicitor"},{"titleZh":"公證人考生","titleEn":"Notaries public candidate"},{"titleZh":"委任公證人","titleEn":"Appointed notary public"},{"titleZh":"資深公證人／公證行合夥人","titleEn":"Senior notary public / notarial firm partner"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"執業律師","titleEn":"Practising solicitor"},{"titleZh":"公證人考生","titleEn":"Notaries public candidate"},{"titleZh":"委任公證人","titleEn":"Appointed notary public"},{"titleZh":"資深公證人／公證行合夥人","titleEn":"Senior notary public / notarial firm partner"}],"sourceIds":["careers-notary-public-1","careers-notary-public-2","careers-notary-public-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"occupational-therapist","titleZh":"職業治療師","titleEn":"Occupational therapist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"職業治療師協助因疾病或受傷而影響日常活動能力嘅人重新應付起居、工作同學習，透過訓練、輔助器具同環境改裝提升自理能力。入行關卡係須向職業治療師管理委員會註冊，並完成委員會認可嘅職業治療課程。","ledeEn":"Occupational therapists help people whose daily functioning is affected by illness or injury to manage self-care, work and study again through training, assistive devices and environmental modification. The gate is registration with the Occupational Therapists Board and completion of a programme it recognises.","bodyZh":"職業治療師嘅服務對象包括中風病人、工傷者、長期病患者同有特殊學習需要嘅兒童，目標係幫佢哋重拾或維持日常生活能力。工作方式包括功能評估、復康訓練、設計同處方輔助器具、建議家居或工作環境改裝，以及教導病人同照顧者技巧，令佢哋可以獨立生活同重返工作或學校。\n\n入行關卡屬法定註冊。根據香港法例第359章《專職醫療業條例》同《職業治療師（註冊及紀律處分程序）規例》，所有執業職業治療師都必須註冊，職業治療師管理委員會負責備存註冊名冊同推行紀律規管。註冊分部分。\n\n認可資歷方面，委員會已認可嘅課程包括香港理工大學嘅職業治療碩士同東華學院嘅職業治療（榮譽）理學士。持非本地資歷者可按條例第12(1)(b)條申請，須完成世界職業治療師聯盟（WFOT）認可嘅課程、具備至少一千小時由合資格職業治療師監督嘅臨床訓練、英語達 IELTS 6.5（各部分不低於6，可申請豁免），同符合經驗要求：第I部分註冊須具至少一年認可經驗，第II部分須具至少三十小時經驗。","bodyEn":"Occupational therapists work with stroke patients, injured workers, people with chronic illness and children with special learning needs, aiming to help them regain or maintain daily functioning. Their methods include functional assessment, rehabilitation training, designing and prescribing assistive devices, advising on home or workplace modification, and teaching patients and carers, so that clients can live independently and return to work or school.\n\nThe gate is statutory registration. Under the Allied Health Professions Ordinance (Cap. 359) and the Occupational Therapists (Registration and Disciplinary Procedure) Regulations, all practising occupational therapists must be registered, and the Occupational Therapists Board maintains the register and runs disciplinary control. Registration is divided into parts.\n\nAs for recognised qualifications, programmes accredited by the Board include the Master in Occupational Therapy at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Occupational Therapy at Tung Wah College. Holders of non-local qualifications may apply under section 12(1)(b) of the Ordinance, requiring completion of a programme approved by the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT), at least 1,000 hours of clinical training supervised by qualified occupational therapists, English at IELTS 6.5 with no score below 6 in each paper (exemption may be sought), and experience requirements: at least one year of recognised experience for Part I registration and at least 30 hours for Part II.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作內容","titleEn":"What the work involves","bodyZh":"職業治療師會評估病人嘅自理、家居、工作同學習能力，再訂立復康目標，透過訓練、輔助器具同環境改裝去達成。例如教中風病人重新穿衣進食、為工傷者設計重返工作方案、為特殊學習需要兒童提供感覺統合訓練。佢哋亦要向家人同事教導照顧技巧，並同醫生、護士、物理治療師等同僚合作，跨專業跟進個案。","bodyEn":"Occupational therapists assess a client's ability to manage self-care, home, work and study, then set rehabilitation goals and pursue them through training, assistive devices and environmental modification. For example, they help a stroke patient dress and eat again, design a return-to-work plan for an injured worker, or provide sensory integration training for a child with special learning needs. They also teach care techniques to families and colleagues and work with doctors, nurses, physiotherapists and others on interprofessional case management, and tailor each plan to the client's home, school or workplace."},{"titleZh":"法定註冊關卡","titleEn":"The statutory registration gate","bodyZh":"《專職醫療業條例》同《職業治療師（註冊及紀律處分程序）規例》訂明執業職業治療師須註冊，由職業治療師管理委員會負責。以非訂明資格申請者，須為 WFOT 認可課程畢業、具至少一千小時監督下臨床訓練，並符合英語同經驗要求。第I部分屬正式註冊，須具至少一年認可經驗；第II部分須具至少三十小時經驗。委員會亦認可本地特定課程嘅畢業生具註冊資格。","bodyEn":"The Allied Health Professions Ordinance and the Occupational Therapists (Registration and Disciplinary Procedure) Regulations require practising occupational therapists to be registered, handled by the Occupational Therapists Board. Applicants with non-prescribed qualifications must have graduated from a WFOT-approved programme, completed at least 1,000 hours of supervised clinical training, and meet English and experience requirements. Part I is full registration requiring at least one year of recognised experience; Part II requires at least 30 hours. The Board also recognises graduates of specified local programmes as eligible for registration."},{"titleZh":"本地培訓同發展","titleEn":"Local training and development","bodyZh":"本地認可途徑主要包括香港理工大學嘅職業治療碩士同東華學院嘅職業治療（榮譽）理學士，課程包含臨床實習。畢業後可按資歷註冊於相應部分。職業治療師可喺公立醫院、私家醫院、非政府機構、特殊學校、安老院舍同私營診所工作，隨住人口老化同復康需求增加，社區復康、長者照顧同兒童服務嘅崗位持續增加。","bodyEn":"Recognised local routes mainly include the Master in Occupational Therapy at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Occupational Therapy at Tung Wah College, both including clinical placements. After graduation a therapist may register in the appropriate part according to qualifications. Occupational therapists work in public and private hospitals, NGOs, special schools, residential care homes and private clinics, and as the population ages and rehabilitation needs grow, posts in community rehabilitation, elderly care and children's services continue to increase."}],"payBasisZh":"視僱主而定。受僱於醫院管理局者按醫管局薪酬制度，受僱於政府（衞生署／社會福利署）者按公務員薪級，非政府機構同私營診所則由僱主按資助安排同內部制度訂定。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"It depends on the employer. Those in the Hospital Authority follow its pay system, those in government (the Department of Health or Social Welfare Department) follow the civil-service scale, and NGOs and private clinics set pay under funding arrangements and internal systems. No figures are listed here.","entryZh":["完成職業治療師管理委員會認可嘅職業治療課程（如理大職業治療碩士或東華學院職業治療理學士）","（海外課程）須為世界職業治療師聯盟（WFOT）認可，並包含至少一千小時監督下臨床訓練","英語達 IELTS 6.5，各部分不低於6，或獲委員會豁免","第I部分註冊須具至少一年認可經驗；第II部分須具至少三十小時經驗","向職業治療師管理委員會申請註冊並遵守紀律及操守規定"],"entryEn":["Complete a programme recognised by the Occupational Therapists Board (such as the PolyU Master in Occupational Therapy or the Tung Wah College BSc in Occupational Therapy)","(Overseas programme) Must be approved by the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT) and include at least 1,000 hours of supervised clinical training","English at IELTS 6.5 with no paper below 6, or an exemption from the Board","At least one year of recognised experience for Part I registration and at least 30 hours for Part II","Apply to the Occupational Therapists Board for registration and follow discipline and conduct rules"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"本地課程入行","titleEn":"Enter through a local programme","stepsZh":["入讀並完成理大職業治療碩士或東華學院職業治療理學士","完成課程內嘅臨床實習","向職業治療師管理委員會申請註冊","按資歷註冊於第I或第II部分並開始執業"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in and complete the PolyU Master in Occupational Therapy or the Tung Wah College BSc in Occupational Therapy","Complete the clinical placements in the programme","Apply to the Occupational Therapists Board for registration","Register in Part I or Part II according to qualifications and begin practice"],"sourceIds":["careers-occupational-therapist-1"]},{"titleZh":"海外資歷入行","titleEn":"Enter with an overseas qualification","stepsZh":["完成 WFOT 認可嘅職業治療課程，並具至少一千小時監督下臨床訓練","達到英語要求（IELTS 6.5，各部分不低於6）或申請豁免","根據條例第12(1)(b)條向專職醫療業管理局／委員會申請評審","符合經驗要求後註冊於第I或第II部分"],"stepsEn":["Complete a WFOT-approved occupational therapy programme with at least 1,000 hours of supervised clinical training","Meet the English requirement (IELTS 6.5, no paper below 6) or seek exemption","Apply under section 12(1)(b) of the Ordinance for assessment by the Allied Health Professions Council/Board","After meeting the experience requirement, register in Part I or Part II"],"sourceIds":["careers-occupational-therapist-1"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"註冊職業治療師（第II部分）","titleEn":"Registered occupational therapist (Part II)"},{"titleZh":"註冊職業治療師（第I部分）","titleEn":"Registered occupational therapist (Part I)"},{"titleZh":"高級職業治療師","titleEn":"Senior occupational therapist"},{"titleZh":"部門主管／顧問","titleEn":"Department head / consultant"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"註冊職業治療師（第II部分）","titleEn":"Registered occupational therapist (Part II)"},{"titleZh":"註冊職業治療師（第I部分）","titleEn":"Registered occupational therapist (Part I)"},{"titleZh":"高級職業治療師","titleEn":"Senior occupational therapist"},{"titleZh":"部門主管／顧問","titleEn":"Department head / consultant"}],"sourceIds":["careers-occupational-therapist-1","careers-occupational-therapist-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"optometrist","titleZh":"視光師","titleEn":"Optometrist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"視光師做視力檢查、驗眼、配鏡同隱形眼鏡驗配，並篩查青光眼、視網膜病變等眼疾再轉介眼科醫生。入行關卡係須向視光師管理委員會註冊，須持認可眼科視光學學位，或通過委員會嘅屈光檢查考試。","ledeEn":"Optometrists carry out eye examinations, refraction, and spectacle and contact lens fitting, and screen for conditions such as glaucoma or retinal disease before referring to an ophthalmologist. The gate is registration with the Optometrists Board, requiring a recognised optometry degree or passing the Board's refraction examination.","bodyZh":"視光師提供基層眼睛護理：為客人做視力同屈光檢查、驗配眼鏡同隱形眼鏡、量度眼壓同檢查眼底，並篩查青光眼、白內障、視網膜病變等眼疾，有需要時轉介眼科醫生。部分視光師喺眼鏡店執業，亦有喺診所、醫院、學校或社福機構服務，工作亦包括向公眾推廣護眼知識。\n\n入行關卡屬法定註冊。根據香港法例第359章《專職醫療業條例》，視光師嘅註冊同紀律監管由視光師管理委員會負責，視光師註冊自一九九四年十二月一日開始。註冊分部分：持有管理委員會認可嘅眼科視光學資歷（標準相當於理大眼科視光學學士課程）者可註冊於名冊；持有非本地資歷者可由委員會按個別情況評審。\n\n另外，通過管理委員會根據條例第15A條舉辦嘅屈光檢查考試嘅人，會註冊於名冊第III部分，主要從事驗眼同屈光檢查。本地培訓方面，香港理工大學提供五年制眼科視光學（榮譽）理學士課程，課程包含臨床實習，畢業生一般可循認可資歷途徑註冊。所有執業視光師須遵守持續專業發展等規定。","bodyEn":"Optometrists provide primary eye care: they test vision and refraction, fit spectacles and contact lenses, measure eye pressure and examine the fundus, screen for conditions such as glaucoma, cataract and retinal disease, and refer to an ophthalmologist when needed. Some optometrists work in optical shops, others in clinics, hospitals, schools or welfare organisations, and their work also includes public education on eye health.\n\nThe gate is statutory registration. Under the Allied Health Professions Ordinance (Cap. 359), the registration and discipline of optometrists are handled by the Optometrists Board, and registration of the profession began on 1 December 1994. Registration is divided into parts: a person holding an optometry qualification recognised by the Board (comparable in standard to the PolyU optometry bachelor's programme) may be registered, while holders of non-local qualifications may be assessed individually by the Board.\n\nIn addition, a person who passes the refraction examination conducted by the Board under section 15A of the Ordinance is registered in Part III of the register and mainly carries out eye examination and refraction. For local training, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University offers a five-year Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Optometry with clinical placements, and graduates can generally register through the recognised-qualification route. All practising optometrists must meet continuing professional development requirements.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作內容","titleEn":"What the work involves","bodyZh":"視光師日常為客人驗眼，包括量度視力、屈光度、眼壓同檢查眼底，判斷有無近視、遠視、散光、老花，以及青光眼、白內障、糖尿病視網膜病變等問題。驗配眼鏡同隱形眼鏡時要考慮度數、角膜狀況同生活需要，並教導正確護理。若發現疑似眼疾，視光師會轉介眼科醫生，因此要準確判斷轉介時機。視光師亦要向客人解釋檢查結果同護眼建議，幫佢哋理解自己嘅眼睛狀況。","bodyEn":"Optometrists routinely examine eyes, measuring visual acuity, refractive error, eye pressure and the fundus to identify short-sight, long-sight, astigmatism, presbyopia, and problems such as glaucoma, cataract and diabetic retinopathy. When fitting spectacles and contact lenses they consider prescription, corneal condition and lifestyle, and teach proper care. If a suspected eye disease appears, the optometrist refers to an ophthalmologist, so accurate judgement on when to refer matters. They also explain findings and eye-care advice so that clients fully understand their eye condition and how to look after their eyes."},{"titleZh":"註冊關卡","titleEn":"The registration gate","bodyZh":"《專職醫療業條例》訂明視光師須註冊，由視光師管理委員會負責註冊同紀律事務。持有委員會認可、標準相當於理大眼科視光學學士嘅資歷者可註冊；非本地資歷由委員會按個別情況評審。只通過委員會屈光檢查考試者，註冊於名冊第III部分。註冊後執業須遵守操守規定，並符合持續專業發展要求。","bodyEn":"The Allied Health Professions Ordinance requires optometrists to be registered, with the Optometrists Board handling registration and discipline. A person holding a Board-recognised qualification comparable in standard to the PolyU optometry bachelor's degree may be registered; non-local qualifications are assessed individually by the Board. A person who has passed only the Board's refraction examination is registered in Part III of the register. After registration, practitioners must follow conduct rules and meet continuing professional development requirements. The Board keeps registration under review and may take disciplinary action where conduct rules are breached."},{"titleZh":"培訓同發展","titleEn":"Training and development","bodyZh":"本地主要培訓途徑係香港理工大學眼科視光學院嘅五年制眼科視光學（榮譽）理學士課程，課程涵蓋視覺科學、臨床科學同臨床實習，學生會喺理大眼科視光學診所同社區診所實習。由於本港患者多以粵語溝通，學生須喺臨床實習前掌握良好粵語。畢業生亦可進修眼科視光學博士等課程，或向專科方向發展。","bodyEn":"The main local training route is the five-year Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Optometry at the PolyU School of Optometry, covering visual science, clinical science and clinical placements, with students practising at the PolyU optometry clinic and community clinics. Because most patients in Hong Kong communicate in Cantonese, students need good Cantonese before starting clinical placements. Graduates may also pursue further study such as a Doctor of Optometry or develop a specialty. Clinical placements are supervised by experienced optometrists and take place in real patient settings."}],"payBasisZh":"視僱主而定。受僱於眼鏡店、私家診所、私家醫院、公立醫院或學校者，薪酬由僱主按市場同內部制度自訂，並無法定薪級。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"It depends on the employer. Whether employed by an optical shop, private clinic, private hospital, public hospital or school, pay is set by the employer under market and internal arrangements, and there is no statutory pay scale. No figures are listed here.","entryZh":["持有視光師管理委員會認可嘅眼科視光學學位（如理大眼科視光學（榮譽）理學士），或同等學歷","或通過管理委員會根據條例第15A條舉辦嘅屈光檢查考試（註冊於第III部分）","（非本地資歷）由管理委員會按個別情況評審","向視光師管理委員會申請註冊","符合持續專業發展要求並遵守專業操守規定"],"entryEn":["An optometry degree recognised by the Optometrists Board (such as the PolyU BSc (Hons) in Optometry), or equivalent","Or pass the refraction examination conducted by the Board under section 15A of the Ordinance (registered in Part III)","(Non-local qualifications) Assessed individually by the Board","Apply to the Optometrists Board for registration","Meet continuing professional development requirements and follow professional conduct rules"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"修讀本地眼科視光學位","titleEn":"Study a local optometry degree","stepsZh":["入讀香港理工大學眼科視光學（榮譽）理學士課程（五年制）","完成課程內嘅臨床實習","向視光師管理委員會申請註冊","註冊後執業並符合持續專業發展要求"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in the five-year BSc (Hons) in Optometry at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University","Complete the clinical placements in the programme","Apply to the Optometrists Board for registration","Practise after registration and meet continuing professional development requirements"],"sourceIds":["careers-optometrist-1","careers-optometrist-3"]},{"titleZh":"由屈光檢查考試入行","titleEn":"Enter through the refraction examination","stepsZh":["通過視光師管理委員會根據條例第15A條舉辦嘅屈光檢查考試","取得委員會發出嘅證明","註冊於名冊第III部分","主要從事驗眼同屈光檢查工作"],"stepsEn":["Pass the refraction examination conducted by the Optometrists Board under section 15A of the Ordinance","Obtain the certificate issued by the Board","Register in Part III of the register","Mainly carry out eye examination and refraction work"],"sourceIds":["careers-optometrist-1"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視光師（第III部分）","titleEn":"Optometrist (Part III)"},{"titleZh":"視光師（第II部分）","titleEn":"Optometrist (Part II)"},{"titleZh":"視光師（第I部分）","titleEn":"Optometrist (Part I)"},{"titleZh":"高級視光師／診所主管","titleEn":"Senior optometrist / clinic manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視光師（第III部分）","titleEn":"Optometrist (Part III)"},{"titleZh":"視光師（第II部分）","titleEn":"Optometrist (Part II)"},{"titleZh":"視光師（第I部分）","titleEn":"Optometrist (Part I)"},{"titleZh":"高級視光師／診所主管","titleEn":"Senior optometrist / clinic manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-optometrist-1","careers-optometrist-2","careers-optometrist-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"organic-farmer","titleZh":"有機農夫","titleEn":"Organic farmer","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","ledeZh":"有機農夫按有機標準種植，唔用化學農藥同化肥、做堆肥同輪作、防治病蟲害，並保留紀錄以接受認證檢查。入行關卡在認證：本港無法定有機標籤，市場認可主要靠第三方認證機構。","ledeEn":"Organic farmers grow crops to organic standards: avoiding synthetic pesticides and fertilisers, composting and rotating crops, managing pests, and keeping records for inspection. The gate is certification: Hong Kong has no statutory organic label, so market recognition relies on third-party certification bodies.","bodyZh":"有機農夫按有機生產標準種植，避免使用化學農藥同化肥，改用堆肥、輪作、動植物堆肥同生物方法防治病蟲害，並保留完整耕作紀錄，方便認證機構實地檢查。漁農自然護理署自二零零零年推出有機耕作轉型計劃（後來改名為有機耕作支援服務），協助常規農場轉型，服務包括土壤同灌溉水化驗、實地評估、定期探訪、技術意見、協助認證申請同協助銷售。\n\n入行關卡在認證。香港並無為有機食品標準訂立本地法例，市場上嘅「有機」標籤靠自願性認證。政府一站通指出，本港現時共有兩個有機認證組織：有機資源中心認證有限公司同香港有機認證中心。以香港有機資源中心認證有限公司（HKORC-Cert）為例，佢提供作物生產、水產養殖同加工處理三類認證；申請人須簽署協議、遵守《有機生產、水產養殖、加工處理及投入物料標準》，並接受檢查，認證委員會向符合標準嘅生產者同加工者發證。\n\n想由常規轉有機，農友可參加漁農自然護理署嘅有機耕作支援服務。該服務嘅申請表列明，申請人必須喺加入服務後六個月內向香港有機資源中心提交有機認證申請，並向有機耕作組提供證明；如六個月後仍未申請認證，會被視作自動退出服務。有機農產品可經蔬菜統營處、農墟、直銷等渠道銷售。","bodyEn":"Organic farmers grow crops to organic production standards, avoiding synthetic pesticides and fertilisers and instead using composting, crop rotation, manure and biological pest control, while keeping full cultivation records for on-site inspection by a certification body. The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department launched the Organic Farming Conversion Scheme in 2000 (later renamed the Organic Farming Support Service) to help conventional farms convert; the service includes soil and irrigation-water testing, on-site assessment, regular farm visits, technical advice, help with certification applications and marketing support.\n\nThe gate is certification. Hong Kong has not enacted local legislation for organic food standards, so the organic label relies on voluntary certification. GovHK states that there are currently two organic certification bodies in Hong Kong: Hong Kong Organic Resource Centre Certification Limited and the Hong Kong Organic Certification Centre. Taking HKORC-Cert as an example, it offers crop production, aquaculture and processing/handling certification; applicants must sign an agreement, comply with the Organic Production, Aquaculture, Processing and Input Manufacturing Standard, and accept inspection, and the Certification Board issues certificates to producers and processors that meet the standard.\n\nTo convert from conventional to organic, a farmer may join the AFCD's Organic Farming Support Service. The service's application form states that an applicant must submit an organic certification application to the Hong Kong Organic Resource Centre within six months of joining the service and provide proof to the Organic Farming Section; if certification has not been applied for after six months, the farm is treated as having withdrawn from the service. Organic produce may be sold through the Vegetable Marketing Organization, farmers' markets and direct sales channels.","sections":[{"titleZh":"耕作同認證","titleEn":"Farming and certification","bodyZh":"有機農夫唔用化學農藥同化肥，改用堆肥、輪作、覆蓋作物、生物防治同物理方法防治病蟲害，並記錄施肥、用藥同收成情況。認證機構會實地檢查農場，核對紀錄同生產標準有無牴觸，符合要求者先獲發證書。由於轉型期內土壤同環境需要時間適應，農友一般要先經歷一段轉換期，期間產品唔可以當作有機出售。","bodyEn":"Organic farmers avoid synthetic pesticides and fertilisers and instead use composting, crop rotation, cover crops, biological control and physical methods for pest and disease management, and record fertilisation, treatments and harvests. Certification bodies inspect the farm on site, check records against the production standard, and issue a certificate only to those who comply. Because the soil and environment need time to adapt during conversion, farmers normally go through a conversion period during which produce may not be sold as organic."},{"titleZh":"官方支援服務","titleEn":"Official support service","bodyZh":"漁農自然護理署嘅有機耕作支援服務為有意申請認證嘅農友提供化驗、評估同技術支援，包括土壤同灌溉水化驗、實地有機評估、定期探訪、病蟲害防治同耕作技術意見、協助認證申請同協助銷售。申請表訂明，加入服務後六個月內須向香港有機資源中心提交認證申請並提供證明，否則視作自動退出。","bodyEn":"The AFCD's Organic Farming Support Service provides testing, assessment and technical support for farmers intending to seek certification, including soil and irrigation-water testing, on-site organic assessment, regular visits, advice on pest and disease control and cultivation techniques, help with certification applications and marketing support. The application form states that a certification application must be submitted to the Hong Kong Organic Resource Centre with proof within six months of joining, failing which the farm is treated as having withdrawn. The service acts as a bridge between conventional practice and formal organic certification."},{"titleZh":"認證機構同標準","titleEn":"Certification bodies and standards","bodyZh":"香港現時有兩個有機認證組織。香港有機資源中心喺二零零二年成立，並喺二零零四年推出獨立有機認證服務，其認證公司 HKORC-Cert 按《有機生產、水產養殖、加工處理及投入物料標準》運作，涵蓋作物生產、水產養殖同加工處理。申請人須簽署協議、承諾遵守標準並容許檢查員實地檢查，由認證委員會發證。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong currently has two organic certification bodies. The Hong Kong Organic Resource Centre was established in 2002 and launched its independent organic certification service in 2004; its certification arm, HKORC-Cert, operates under the Organic Production, Aquaculture, Processing and Input Manufacturing Standard, covering crop production, aquaculture and processing/handling. Applicants must sign an agreement, promise to comply with the standard and allow inspectors to conduct on-site inspections, and the Certification Board issues the certificate. Certified producers may then market their crops as organic within the scope of the certification."}],"payBasisZh":"無官方薪級。有機農夫嘅收入來自農產品銷售，喺市場、合作社、蔬菜統營處收購安排同農場自訂零售價之間形成，冇統一薪酬制度。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"No official pay scale. An organic farmer's income comes from the sale of produce, shaped by the market, co-operatives, the Vegetable Marketing Organization's purchasing arrangements and the farm's own retail pricing, with no uniform pay system. No figures are listed here.","entryZh":["擁有或租用可作耕種嘅農地，並確保土地有合法使用權","按有機標準耕作：唔用化學農藥同化肥、堆肥、輪作、以生物方法防治病蟲害","保留完整耕作紀錄，並接受認證機構嘅實地檢查","向認證機構（如香港有機資源中心認證有限公司）申請認證並簽署協議","可參加漁農自然護理署嘅有機耕作支援服務，並須喺加入後六個月內提交認證申請"],"entryEn":["Own or rent arable farmland and ensure lawful use of the land","Farm to organic standards: no synthetic pesticides or fertilisers, composting, crop rotation and biological pest control","Keep full cultivation records and accept on-site inspection by a certification body","Apply for certification with a certification body such as HKORC-Cert and sign the agreement","May join the AFCD Organic Farming Support Service and must submit a certification application within six months"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由漁農自然護理署支援服務轉型","titleEn":"Convert through the AFCD support service","stepsZh":["參加漁農自然護理署嘅有機耕作支援服務","接受土壤同灌溉水化驗、實地評估同技術指導","加入服務後六個月內向香港有機資源中心提交認證申請","通過認證機構檢查後獲發有機認證"],"stepsEn":["Join the AFCD's Organic Farming Support Service","Undergo soil and irrigation-water testing, on-site assessment and technical guidance","Submit a certification application to the Hong Kong Organic Resource Centre within six months of joining","Obtain organic certification after passing the certification body's inspection"],"sourceIds":["careers-organic-farmer-1","careers-organic-farmer-3"]},{"titleZh":"直接向認證機構申請","titleEn":"Apply directly to a certification body","stepsZh":["按有機標準耕作並保留完整紀錄","向認證機構（如 HKORC-Cert）提交申請同農場資料","簽署協議並接受現場檢查","由認證委員會審批並發證"],"stepsEn":["Farm to organic standards and keep full records","Submit an application and farm information to a certification body such as HKORC-Cert","Sign the agreement and accept on-site inspection","Have the application decided and the certificate issued by the Certification Board"],"sourceIds":["careers-organic-farmer-2","careers-organic-farmer-4"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"有機耕作者（轉換期）","titleEn":"Organic grower (conversion period)"},{"titleZh":"認證有機農夫","titleEn":"Certified organic farmer"},{"titleZh":"有機農場負責人","titleEn":"Organic farm operator"},{"titleZh":"有機農業合作社／企業成員","titleEn":"Member of an organic farming co-operative / enterprise"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"有機耕作者（轉換期）","titleEn":"Organic grower (conversion period)"},{"titleZh":"認證有機農夫","titleEn":"Certified organic farmer"},{"titleZh":"有機農場負責人","titleEn":"Organic farm operator"},{"titleZh":"有機農業合作社／企業成員","titleEn":"Member of an organic farming co-operative / enterprise"}],"sourceIds":["careers-organic-farmer-1","careers-organic-farmer-2","careers-organic-farmer-3","careers-organic-farmer-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"oyster-farmer","titleZh":"蠔農","titleEn":"Oyster farmer","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"ledeZh":"蠔農在后海灣沿岸嘅潮間帶泥灘養蠔，會放置石塊、瓦片或柱杆收集蠔苗，或改用浮排吊養育肥，再按水質同季節收成。呢行冇為蠔農而設嘅法定牌照，入行主要靠家族經驗同漁農自然護理署嘅養殖支援。","ledeEn":"Oyster farmers cultivate oysters on the intertidal mudflats of Deep Bay, laying rock, tile or post as culch to collect spat, or fattening oysters on suspended rafts. There is no dedicated statutory oyster-farmer licence; entry rests mainly on family know-how and support from the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department.","bodyZh":"蠔農嘅工作跟住潮汐同季節走。后海灣一帶嘅泥灘係香港主要養蠔區，傳統做法係在五月或六月潮退時，把石塊、瓦片或柱杆鋪在泥灘上做「附著器」，等蠔苗自然附生，再養四至五年才長到可售賣嘅體積。\n\n近年唔少蠔民改為向內地購入中蠔，再放進懸掛於浮排嘅籃子養肥，大概六至十二個月就賣得出，周轉快啲。日常要翻動蠔隻、清除附着物同敵害、檢查浮排同繩索，亦要留意水質、赤潮同颱風。呢類工作長時間在戶外同水上，講體力同經驗，唔少工序仍然靠人手。\n\n入行關卡方面，漁農自然護理署網頁只列明海魚養殖須按《海魚養殖條例》（第353章）領牌、在指定魚類養殖區內經營，並無列出蠔隻養殖嘅同等法定牌照要求，換句話講香港並無一個「蠔農執照」。蠔嘅食用安全就由食物安全中心把關：中心指出貝類水產（包括蠔）屬濾食性，可能積聚病毒同細菌，須徹底煮熟先食，處理時亦要遵守「食物安全五要點」，孕婦、幼童、長者同免疫力弱人士風險較高。\n\n行業規模以家庭作業為主，蠔除咗鮮賣，仲可以加工成蠔豉、蠔油等。隨着后海灣水質、濕地保育同周邊發展變化，養蠔業面對環境同市場雙重壓力；但政府嘅養殖漁業支援同本地食材熱潮，仍然為留低嘅蠔民提供空間。","bodyEn":"An oyster farmer's working life follows the tides and the seasons. Deep Bay's mudflats are Hong Kong's main oyster-growing area. Traditionally, farmers lay rock, tile or post on the flat at low tide in May or June as cultch, letting oyster spat settle naturally; the oysters then take four to five years to reach marketable size.\n\nIn recent years many farmers have shifted to buying medium-sized oysters from the mainland and fattening them in baskets suspended from rafts, which can be sold in roughly six to twelve months and improves cash flow. Daily work includes turning and cleaning the oysters, removing fouling and predators, checking rafts and ropes, and watching water quality, algal blooms and typhoons. The work is largely outdoors and on the water, demanding stamina and experience, and much of it is still done by hand.\n\nOn entry, the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department's page states that marine fish culture must be licensed under the Marine Fish Culture Ordinance (Cap. 353) and carried out in designated fish culture zones, but it does not list any equivalent statutory licence for oyster culture. In other words, there is no dedicated \"oyster farmer licence\" in Hong Kong. Food safety is handled by the Centre for Food Safety, which notes that shellfish such as oysters are filter feeders that can accumulate viruses and bacteria, should be thoroughly cooked, and should be handled under the Five Keys to Food Safety; pregnant women, young children, the elderly and the immunocompromised are at higher risk.\n\nThe sector remains largely family-based, and oysters can be sold fresh or processed into dried oysters and oyster sauce. With changes in Deep Bay's water quality, wetland conservation and nearby development, the industry faces both environmental and market pressure, although government aquaculture support and the local-food trend still leave room for those who stay.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：泥灘、附著器同浮排","titleEn":"The job: mudflats, cultch and rafts","bodyZh":"蠔農嘅節奏由潮水決定，退潮時可以落泥灘工作，漲潮就休息或做陸上準備。傳統海底養殖法要趁五、六月潮退，把石塊、瓦片或柱杆鋪在泥灘收集蠔苗，之後幾年要定期翻動、清理同防敵害。改用浮排養殖後，蠔放在懸於浮排嘅籃內，要定期起吊檢查、分籃同清除附着物。無論邊種方法，都要長時間在戶外同水上日曬雨淋，又要睇天氣避颱風，係體力同經驗並重嘅工作。","bodyEn":"An oyster farmer's rhythm is set by the tide: low tide allows work on the mudflat, high tide means rest or shore preparations. Traditional bottom culture means laying rock, tile or post on the flat at low tide in May or June to collect spat, then turning, cleaning and guarding the crop against predators for several years. With raft culture, oysters sit in baskets suspended from rafts and must be lifted, sorted and cleared of fouling periodically. Either way, the work is outdoors and on the water in sun and rain, with typhoons to plan around, and it demands both stamina and experience."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：冇法定「蠔農牌照」","titleEn":"The gate: no statutory oyster-farmer licence","bodyZh":"同海魚養殖唔同，香港並無為蠔隻養殖設立法定牌照。漁農自然護理署網頁只講海魚養殖受《海魚養殖條例》（第353章）規管、須領牌並在指定魚類養殖區經營；蠔隻養殖一節只講方法同位置，冇同等牌照要求。所以入行嘅實際關卡唔係考試或發牌，而係能唔能夠在后海灣一帶用到泥灘同水域作業、有冇行內關係同技術，以及收成能唔能夠符合食物安全要求。想有系統咁學，可以向漁護署嘅養殖漁業支援同本地漁業培訓渠道了解。","bodyEn":"Unlike marine fish culture, Hong Kong imposes no statutory licence for oyster culture. The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department's page states only that marine fish culture is regulated by the Marine Fish Culture Ordinance (Cap. 353), requiring a licence and operation within designated fish culture zones; its oyster-culture section describes methods and location but sets out no equivalent licence. The real gate is therefore not an exam or a licence, but access to mudflats and waters in Deep Bay, industry connections and technique, and whether the harvest can meet food safety expectations. Those who want structured learning can look to AFCD's aquaculture extension support and local fisheries training channels."},{"titleZh":"食用安全同可持續發展","titleEn":"Food safety and sustainability","bodyZh":"蠔屬濾食性貝類，會把海水過濾入體內，若水域受污染，就可能積聚病毒同細菌。食物安全中心提醒，貝類水產應徹底煮熟先食；生食風險最高，高危人士如孕婦、幼童、長者同免疫力弱人士更應避免。蠔農同蠔商因此要特別注意養殖水域水質、收成後嘅冷藏同運輸衞生，以及可追溯嘅來源紀錄。另一方面，后海灣同時係重要濕地生態區，養蠔活動要同保育、水質管理同周邊發展協調，行業嘅長遠發展取決於環境可持續同市場對本地蠔嘅需求。","bodyEn":"Oysters are filter feeders that draw seawater through their bodies, so if the water is contaminated they can accumulate viruses and bacteria. The Centre for Food Safety advises that shellfish should be thoroughly cooked; raw consumption carries the highest risk, and vulnerable groups such as pregnant women, young children, the elderly and the immunocompromised should avoid it. Farmers and traders therefore need to watch the growing water's quality, post-harvest chilling and transport hygiene, and traceable sourcing records. Deep Bay is also a key wetland area, so oyster farming must be coordinated with conservation, water quality management and nearby development, and the industry's long-term future depends on environmental sustainability as much as on demand for local oysters."}],"payBasisZh":"蠔農多為自僱或家族作業，收入取決於蠔隻售價、收成量同市場需求，由買家（酒家、批發商、出口商等）同作業者自行議定，並唔係公務員或法定薪級；漁護署嘅養殖漁業支援計劃另有其申請準則。本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Oyster farmers are mostly self-employed or run family operations, so their income depends on oyster prices, harvest volume and market demand, negotiated between buyers (restaurants, wholesalers, exporters) and the operators rather than set by any civil-service or statutory pay scale; AFCD's aquaculture support schemes have their own eligibility criteria. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["熟悉后海灣潮汐、泥灘同水域環境，能長時間在戶外及水上工作","掌握蠔隻養殖技術，例如放置附著器收集蠔苗、浮排吊養、翻動清理同防敵害","能取得在后海灣一帶泥灘及水域作業嘅途徑，並同其他持牌活動（如海魚養殖）協調","收成及處理須符合食物安全中心對貝類水產嘅食物安全要求","可透過漁農自然護理署嘅養殖漁業技術支援同培訓提升技術"],"entryEn":["Familiarity with Deep Bay's tides, mudflats and waters, and the ability to work outdoors and on the water for long hours","Practical oyster-culture technique, such as laying cultch to collect spat, raft fattening, turning and cleaning, and guarding against predators","A viable way to work the mudflats and waters of Deep Bay while coordinating with other licensed activities such as marine fish culture","A harvest and handling routine that meets the Centre for Food Safety's requirements for shellfish","A willingness to draw on AFCD aquaculture extension support and training to improve technique"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"家族或行內見習，再自行作業","titleEn":"Family or in-industry apprenticeship, then own operation","stepsZh":["跟隨家中或行內蠔民在泥灘及浮排工作，學習潮汐、蠔苗附著同收成技術","掌握浮排吊養、翻動清理同防敵害等日常工序","建立銷售網絡，包括酒家、批發商同加工（蠔豉）渠道","逐步自行或合作經營蠔田、浮排，並向漁護署了解養殖支援"],"stepsEn":["Learn tides, spat settlement and harvesting by working alongside family or established oystermen on the flats and rafts","Master daily tasks such as raft fattening, turning and cleaning, and predator control","Build sales channels such as restaurants, wholesalers and processing into dried oysters","Move gradually into operating your own or a shared oyster ground and raft, and find out about AFCD aquaculture support"],"sourceIds":["careers-oyster-farmer-1","careers-oyster-farmer-2"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／幫工","titleEn":"Apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"蠔農（自僱或家族作業）","titleEn":"Oyster farmer (self-employed or family operation)"},{"titleZh":"養蠔場負責人／經營者","titleEn":"Oyster farm operator / owner"},{"titleZh":"產銷合作社或出口商成員","titleEn":"Member of a marketing cooperative or exporter"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／幫工","titleEn":"Apprentice / helper"},{"titleZh":"蠔農（自僱或家族作業）","titleEn":"Oyster farmer (self-employed or family operation)"},{"titleZh":"養蠔場負責人／經營者","titleEn":"Oyster farm operator / owner"},{"titleZh":"產銷合作社或出口商成員","titleEn":"Member of a marketing cooperative or exporter"}],"sourceIds":["careers-oyster-farmer-1","careers-oyster-farmer-2","careers-oyster-farmer-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"pawnbroker","titleZh":"典當業從業員","titleEn":"Pawnbroker","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","ledeZh":"典當業從業員喺持牌當舖為客人抵押物品估價、放款，辦理贖回同續期，並保管當品同處理逾期拍賣。關卡在於當舖本身：任何人無有效當押商牌照而經營當押業務即屬違法，牌照由警務處處長批出。","ledeEn":"Pawnbroking staff value pledged items and advance loans, handle redemptions and renewals, store pledges and deal with overdue sales. The gate lies with the shop itself: running a pawnbroking business without a valid pawnbroker licence, granted by the Commissioner of Police, is an offence.","bodyZh":"典當業從業員嘅日常，係圍住「抵押」同「保管」兩件事。客人把金飾、名錶、珠寶或電子產品拿到當舖，從業員要辨別真偽、評估成色同市價，再按可借金額放款，並開出當票。之後要登記賬目、妥善保管當品，客人回來時辦理贖回或續期，逾期未贖就要按規定處理，包括安排拍賣。整個流程涉及大量估價經驗同風險判斷，亦要守密同守法。\n\n呢行嘅關卡唔係個人牌照，而係當舖嘅牌照。根據《當押商條例》（第166章），任何人為賺取利息或為獲得利潤而以當押物品作抵押貸出款項，即屬「當押商」；無有效當押商牌照而在任何處所經營當押業務，即屬違法。牌照由警務處處長批出，處方審批時要信納申請人係經營當押業務嘅適合及恰當人選、已遵守條例，以及發牌不違反公眾利益。\n\n《當押商規例》進一步就申請方式、牌照同當票格式、附加條件、可營業時間同當品儲存保管訂立規定。牌照可轉讓、可轉換處所、可修訂，續期申請須在現行牌照屆滿前一段指定期間內遞交；牌照課並無責任提醒持牌人，逾期就要重新申請。從業員本身毋須個別領牌，但必須在持牌處所工作並跟足規例。\n\n行業近年有所轉型：當舖唔再局限於金飾，名錶、名牌手袋同電子產品估價成為新技能，部分老字號亦引入系統化記錄同現代化管理。對新人嚟講，最實際嘅入行方法係在持牌當舖邊做邊學，累積估價同客戶應對經驗。","bodyEn":"The daily work of pawnbroking staff revolves around two things: appraisal and safekeeping. When customers bring gold ornaments, luxury watches, jewellery or electronics, staff must judge authenticity, assess quality and market value, then advance a loan and issue a pawn ticket. They keep accounts, store the pledges securely, and process redemptions or renewals when customers return; pledges not redeemed in time are handled as required, including arrangements for sale. The process leans heavily on appraisal experience and risk judgement, and calls for confidentiality and compliance.\n\nThe gate is not an individual licence but the shop's licence. Under the Pawnbrokers Ordinance (Cap. 166), a person who carries on a business of advancing money on the security of goods taken in pawn, for interest or for profit, gain or reward, is a \"pawnbroker\"; carrying on a pawnbroking business at any premises without a valid pawnbroker licence is an offence. The licence is granted by the Commissioner of Police, who must be satisfied that the applicant is a fit and proper person to carry on the business, has complied with the Ordinance, and that granting the licence is not contrary to the public interest.\n\nThe Pawnbrokers Regulations further govern how to apply, the forms of the application, licence, general register and pawn ticket, conditions, permitted business hours and the storage and custody of pledges. A licence can be transferred, its premises changed or its particulars amended, and renewal must be applied for within a specified window before expiry; the Licensing Office has no duty to remind licensees, and a lapsed licence means a fresh application. Staff themselves need no individual licence, but must work on licensed premises and follow the regulations closely.\n\nThe trade has been changing: pawnshops now appraise luxury watches, branded handbags and electronics as well as gold, and some established names have adopted systematic records and more modern management. For newcomers, the most practical way in is to learn on the job at a licensed pawnshop and build up appraisal and customer-handling experience.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：估價、當票同保管","titleEn":"The job: appraisal, tickets and safekeeping","bodyZh":"從業員最核心嘅技能係估價：要從金飾嘅成色、名錶嘅型號同狀態、電子產品嘅市價，判斷可以借出幾多。放款後要開當票、入賬，並把當品分類保管，確保存放安全。客人贖回時要核對當票同身份，續期就要重算利息同更新記錄。逾期未贖嘅當品，須按規定安排處理，唔可以私下處置。呢啲工序要求細心、誠信同對市場價格嘅敏感度，亦要熟悉條例對營業時間同記錄嘅要求。","bodyEn":"The core skill is appraisal: judging how much can be lent from the purity of gold, the model and condition of a watch, or the market price of electronics. After lending, staff issue a pawn ticket, record the transaction and store the pledge by category, keeping it secure. On redemption they check the ticket and identity; on renewal they recalculate interest and update records. Pledges not redeemed in time must be handled as required and cannot simply be disposed of privately. These steps call for care, integrity and a feel for market prices, plus familiarity with the rules on business hours and record-keeping."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：當押商牌照（第166章）","titleEn":"The gate: the pawnbroker licence (Cap. 166)","bodyZh":"當押業務本身受法定發牌規管。《當押商條例》（第166章）規定，為賺取利息或以當押物品作抵押以獲取利潤、收益或報酬而貸出款項嘅人，屬「當押商」；無有效當押商牌照而經營當押業務，即屬違法。牌照由警務處處長批出，處方審批時要信納申請人係適合及恰當人選、已遵守條例，以及發牌不違反公眾利益。申請新牌或更改當舖位置，須向警務處牌照課提交身份證明、營業處所平面圖同租約等文件；法團或合夥經營另有額外文件要求。","bodyEn":"The business itself is licence-controlled. The Pawnbrokers Ordinance (Cap. 166) provides that a person who advances money on the security of goods taken in pawn, for interest or for profit, gain or reward, is a \"pawnbroker\", and running a pawnbroking business without a valid pawnbroker licence is an offence. The licence is granted by the Commissioner of Police, who must be satisfied that the applicant is a fit and proper person, has complied with the Ordinance, and that licensing is not against the public interest. Applying for a new licence or changing premises means filing identity proof, a floor plan of the premises and the tenancy agreement with the Police Licensing Office; corporate or partnership applicants face additional document requirements."},{"titleZh":"行業實況：轉型中嘅老行業","titleEn":"Industry reality: an old trade in transition","bodyZh":"典當業歷史悠久，但唔等於停滯。隨住金價同消費模式變化，當舖收嘅物品由金飾擴展到名錶、名牌袋同電子產品，估價對象同技巧都要更新。牌照可以轉讓、可以轉換處所，唔少老字號藉此搬遷到人流更旺嘅位置或擴充分店。對從業員嚟講，行業穩定、入行門檻主要靠經驗而非學歷，但要面對市場波動、保安風險同監管要求。做得耐、估價準、口碑好嘅從業員，往往係店舖嘅支柱，亦係日後自己申領牌照創業嘅基礎。","bodyEn":"Pawnbroking is a long-established trade, but not a static one. As gold prices and consumer habits change, shops take in luxury watches, branded bags and electronics as well as gold, so appraisal targets and skills must keep up. Licences can be transferred and premises changed, and many established names have used this to relocate to busier locations or expand. For staff, the trade is stable and entry rests more on experience than on academic qualifications, but it brings market volatility, security risk and regulatory duties. Those who stay long, appraise accurately and build a good reputation are the backbone of a shop and are well placed to apply for their own licence later."}],"payBasisZh":"典當業從業員受僱於持牌當舖，薪酬由僱主（當舖東主）按市場同僱傭合約自行訂定，並非法定薪級或公務員薪級；僱主可能按估價技巧、佣金或銷售表現釐定收入結構，一切由僱主決定。本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Pawnbroking staff are employed by licensed pawnshops, so pay is set by the employer (the shop owner) according to the market and the employment contract, not by any statutory or civil-service pay scale; employers may link income to appraisal skill, commission or sales performance, and the decision rests with them. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["在持有效當押商牌照嘅當舖任職","熟悉金飾、珠寶、名錶及電子產品等常見抵押品嘅真偽與估值","能準確處理當票、賬目及客人資料，守法並守密","具備基本防盜、保安及客戶應對能力","相關估價經驗多由行內在職傳授"],"entryEn":["Employment at a pawnshop holding a valid pawnbroker licence","Familiarity with the authenticity and valuation of common pledges such as gold, jewellery, watches and electronics","Accuracy in handling pawn tickets, accounts and customer data, with compliance and confidentiality","Basic security, anti-theft and customer-handling skills","Appraisal experience usually gained through on-the-job training in the trade"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"行內在職學習，逐步升任掌櫃","titleEn":"On-the-job learning toward head appraiser","stepsZh":["在持牌當舖由店員做起，學習當票、賬目同保管工序","累積金飾、名錶、電子產品等估價經驗","升任掌櫃或估價員，負責放款金額嘅判斷","熟悉《當押商條例》及規例對營業同記錄嘅要求"],"stepsEn":["Start as a shop assistant at a licensed pawnshop, learning pawn tickets, accounts and storage procedures","Build appraisal experience across gold, watches, electronics and other pledges","Progress to head appraiser or valuer, deciding loan amounts","Become familiar with the Pawnbrokers Ordinance and Regulations on business and records"],"sourceIds":["careers-pawnbroker-1"]},{"titleZh":"自行經營：申領當押商牌照","titleEn":"Going independent: applying for a pawnbroker licence","stepsZh":["準備營業處所，並取得平面圖同租約等文件","向警務處牌照課申請新當押商牌照或申請續期","如屬法團或合夥，另備法團註冊證書、成立表格或合夥協議書","獲批後按牌照條件及規例經營，並在牌照屆滿前指定期間申請續期"],"stepsEn":["Secure business premises and obtain the floor plan and tenancy documents","Apply to the Police Licensing Office for a new pawnbroker licence or for renewal","If operating as a corporation or partnership, prepare the certificate of incorporation, incorporation form or partnership agreement","Once approved, operate under the licence conditions and regulations, and apply for renewal within the specified window before expiry"],"sourceIds":["careers-pawnbroker-1","careers-pawnbroker-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習店員","titleEn":"Trainee shop assistant"},{"titleZh":"當舖店員","titleEn":"Pawnshop assistant"},{"titleZh":"掌櫃／估價員","titleEn":"Head appraiser / valuer"},{"titleZh":"店長／經理","titleEn":"Shop manager"},{"titleZh":"持牌當押商（東主）","titleEn":"Licensed pawnbroker (owner)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習店員","titleEn":"Trainee shop assistant"},{"titleZh":"當舖店員","titleEn":"Pawnshop assistant"},{"titleZh":"掌櫃／估價員","titleEn":"Head appraiser / valuer"},{"titleZh":"店長／經理","titleEn":"Shop manager"},{"titleZh":"持牌當押商（東主）","titleEn":"Licensed pawnbroker (owner)"}],"sourceIds":["careers-pawnbroker-1","careers-pawnbroker-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"pest-control-technician","titleZh":"滅蟲技術員","titleEn":"Pest control technician","industryZh":"物業及環境服務","industryEn":"Property & environmental services","sectorId":"property","ledeZh":"滅蟲技術員到食肆、屋苑同廠廈勘察蟲鼠問題，施用藥餌或噴藥、設置誘捕裝置同撰寫報告，並向客戶講解防治建議。香港未為技術員設立法定發牌，但施用嘅除害劑受《除害劑條例》規管。","ledeEn":"Pest control technicians inspect homes, factories, restaurants and estates for pests and rodents, apply bait or spray, place traps and write treatment reports, advising clients on prevention. Hong Kong sets no statutory licence for the technicians themselves, but pesticide use is regulated under the Pesticides Ordinance and work must follow FEHD and Labour Department safety guidance.","bodyZh":"滅蟲技術員嘅工作由勘察開始。佢哋要先判斷害蟲種類同來源，例如老鼠嘅通道、蟑螂嘅藏匿點、蚊嘅滋生地、床蝨嘅擴散範圍，再決定用餌劑、噴藥、誘捕定環境改善去處理。食環署嘅防治蟲鼠事務諮詢組強調「綜合蟲鼠管理」（IPM），即先採用對環境危害最少而有效嘅方法，例如斷絕食物來源、清除藏匿點同堵塞通道，最後才用化學手段；滅鼠餌劑亦必須係本港已註冊或經漁護署審批嘅產品，並依足標籤指示使用。\n\n除咗落手落腳，技術員亦要寫報告同向客戶解釋。勘察同施藥後要記錄位置、方法、劑量同跟進安排，並建議客戶改善環境，減少翻發。工作環境由住宅到貨倉、食肆、學校都有，可能接觸化學品、污濁環境同蟲鼠，故要熟悉個人防護裝備、通風同急救知識。食環署同勞工處職業健康服務合編嘅《防治蟲鼠工作人員的職業安全健康指引》，就係前線人員嘅重要參考。\n\n入行關卡方面，香港並無為滅蟲技術員設立法定牌照或註冊制度。實際嘅監管落在除害劑同公司層面：《除害劑條例》（第133章）規管除害劑嘅進口、供應、製造、重新包裝、儲存同零售，只有持牌人先可以做上述活動；換句話講，滅蟲公司要合法供應同使用已註冊除害劑，就要遵守發牌同標籤要求。技術員個人嘅入行途徑，通常係加入滅蟲公司由助理做起，邊做邊學，或修讀職業訓練同持續進修課程。\n\n行業需求同公共衞生掛鈎：屋苑、商場、食肆同建築工地都有恆常滅蟲合約，颱風雨季同夏季蚊患高峰時更繁忙。技術員嘅專業性來自對害蟲生態嘅認識、法規意識同服務態度，做得好可以升任主管，甚至自己創業。","bodyEn":"A pest control technician's job starts with inspection. The technician must first identify the pest and its source — a rodent's run, a cockroach harbourage, a mosquito breeding site or the spread of bed bugs — and then decide whether to use bait, spray, traps or environmental changes. FEHD's Pest Control Advisory Section stresses Integrated Pest Management (IPM): adopting first the effective measures that pose the least harm to the environment, such as cutting off food sources, removing harbourages and blocking runs, and only then using chemicals. Rodenticides must be registered locally or approved by AFCD and used strictly according to the label.\n\nBeyond hands-on work, technicians write reports and explain findings to clients. After inspection and treatment they record locations, methods, doses and follow-up arrangements, and advise clients on improving the environment to reduce recurrence. Sites range from homes to warehouses, restaurants and schools, and may involve chemicals, unsanitary conditions and pests, so personal protective equipment, ventilation and first-aid knowledge matter. The joint guidance on occupational safety and health for pest control workers, produced by FEHD and the Labour Department's Occupational Health Service, is a key reference for frontline staff.\n\nOn entry, Hong Kong sets no statutory licence or registration for pest control technicians. Regulation falls on pesticides and on companies: the Pesticides Ordinance (Cap. 133) governs the import, supply, manufacture, repackaging, storage and retail of pesticides, and only licensees may carry out those activities, so a pest control company must comply with the licensing and labelling requirements to lawfully supply and use registered pesticides. Technicians usually enter by joining a company as an assistant and learning on the job, or by taking vocational and continuing-education courses.\n\nDemand tracks public health: estates, malls, restaurants and construction sites run routine pest control contracts, and summer and the rainy season bring a peak in mosquito problems. A technician's professionalism comes from knowing pest ecology, being aware of the regulations and serving clients well, and strong performers can move up to supervisor or start their own business.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：勘察、施用同報告","titleEn":"The job: inspect, treat and report","bodyZh":"技術員一日可能走幾個不同場地，先做勘察、找出害蟲種類同源頭，再按情況放餌、噴藥、設陷或提出環境改善建議。食環署提倡綜合蟲鼠管理，強調先用對環境危害最少嘅方法，例如斷絕食物來源、清除藏匿點同堵塞通道，最後才用化學手段。施藥前要通知住戶或客戶、避免其他人接觸餌劑，並記錄位置、方法同跟進事項。收工前要寫好報告，講清楚做過咩、仲要跟進咩，方便下次覆檢。","bodyEn":"A technician may visit several sites a day, starting with an inspection to identify the pest and its source and then, as appropriate, setting bait, spraying, placing traps or recommending environmental changes. FEHD promotes Integrated Pest Management, which favours the least harmful effective measures — cutting off food, removing harbourages and blocking runs — before chemicals. Before using bait, residents or clients must be notified and contact with baits avoided, and locations, methods and follow-ups recorded. Reports must be written at the end of the visit to show what was done and what still needs attention for the next check."},{"titleZh":"監管框架：除害劑條例同安全指引","titleEn":"The framework: the Pesticides Ordinance and safety guidance","bodyZh":"香港無為滅蟲技術員設法定發牌，但除害劑本身受嚴格規管。《除害劑條例》（第133章）及《除害劑規例》規管已註冊除害劑嘅進口、供應、製造、重新包裝、儲存同零售，只有持牌照者方可進行；漁護署負責執行同登記。滅鼠餌劑亦要係本港註冊或經漁護署審批嘅產品。安全方面，食環署防治蟲鼠事務諮詢組同勞工處職業健康服務合編指引，講解除害劑中毒途徑、安全使用方法、通風、個人防護同急救，係前線人員必讀。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong sets no statutory licence for pest control technicians, but pesticides are tightly regulated. The Pesticides Ordinance (Cap. 133) and the Pesticides Regulations govern the import, supply, manufacture, repackaging, storage and retail of registered pesticides, which only licensees may carry out, and AFCD administers the regime and the register. Rodenticides must also be registered locally or approved by AFCD. On safety, a guidance document co-produced by FEHD's Pest Control Advisory Section and the Labour Department's Occupational Health Service explains routes of pesticide poisoning, safe application, ventilation, personal protection and first aid, and is essential reading for frontline staff."},{"titleZh":"入行同技能：公司培訓與專業態度","titleEn":"Entry and skills: company training and professionalism","bodyZh":"技術員入行多以中學學歷為起點，加入滅蟲公司做助理，跟師傅學辨蟲、施藥同寫報告，逐步獨立處理個案。除咗實際技術，仲要識閱讀產品標籤同安全指引、識用防護裝備、識同客戶溝通。由於每個場地嘅蟲鼠問題都唔同，經驗同判斷力好重要。做得好可以考取更多專業認證、升任主管或技術顧問；亦有人累積客源後自行創業。持續留意食環署同漁護署嘅指引更新，係保持專業嘅關鍵。","bodyEn":"Technicians typically enter after secondary education, joining a pest control company as an assistant and learning from mentors to identify pests, apply treatments and write reports before handling cases independently. Beyond hands-on technique, they need to read product labels and safety guidance, use protective equipment and communicate with clients. Because every site's pest problem differs, experience and judgement matter greatly. Strong performers can gain further professional credentials and move up to supervisor or technical adviser, and some build a client base and start their own business. Keeping up with updated guidance from FEHD and AFCD is key to staying professional."}],"payBasisZh":"滅蟲技術員一般受僱於私人滅蟲公司，薪酬由僱主按市場、經驗同工作量自行訂定，並非法定薪級；若受僱政府部門，則按相關公務員或合約薪級釐定。香港並無為呢個職業訂立法定薪酬或收費標準。本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Pest control technicians are generally employed by private pest control companies, so pay is set by the employer according to the market, experience and workload rather than any statutory scale; those employed by government departments are paid on the relevant civil-service or contract terms. Hong Kong sets no statutory pay or fee standard for the occupation. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["一般具中學程度，並有基本中英文讀寫及良好體能","能安全使用除害劑及個人防護裝備，懂閱讀產品標籤同安全指引","認識常見蟲鼠（鼠、蟑螂、蚊、床蝨、白蟻等）嘅生態同防治方法","能撰寫勘察及服務報告，並向客戶講解防治建議","須遵守《除害劑條例》及食環署、勞工處相關守則"],"entryEn":["Generally secondary-level education, with basic Chinese and English literacy and good physical fitness","Ability to use pesticides and personal protective equipment safely, and to read product labels and safety guidance","Knowledge of the ecology and control of common pests and rodents such as rats, cockroaches, mosquitoes, bed bugs and termites","Ability to write inspection and service reports and explain prevention advice to clients","Compliance with the Pesticides Ordinance and the relevant FEHD and Labour Department codes"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"加入滅蟲公司邊做邊學","titleEn":"Join a pest control company and learn on the job","stepsZh":["入職滅蟲公司由助理／見習技術員做起","跟隨有經驗同事學習勘察、辨蟲、施藥同寫報告","熟悉《除害劑條例》及食環署、勞工處安全指引","通過內部考核後獨立處理個案，再爭取晉升"],"stepsEn":["Start as an assistant or trainee technician at a pest control company","Learn inspection, pest identification, treatment and report-writing alongside experienced colleagues","Become familiar with the Pesticides Ordinance and FEHD and Labour Department safety guidance","Handle cases independently after internal assessment, then aim for promotion"],"sourceIds":["careers-pest-control-technician-1","careers-pest-control-technician-3"]},{"titleZh":"修讀職業訓練及持續進修課程","titleEn":"Take vocational and continuing-education courses","stepsZh":["選讀與蟲鼠防治或物業服務相關嘅職業訓練課程","掌握害蟲生態、除害劑安全同報告撰寫","配合在職經驗申請技術員或更高職位","持續留意食環署同漁護署嘅指引更新"],"stepsEn":["Take vocational courses related to pest control or property services","Build knowledge of pest ecology, pesticide safety and report-writing","Combine coursework with work experience to apply for technician or higher posts","Keep up with updated guidance from FEHD and AFCD"],"sourceIds":["careers-pest-control-technician-2","careers-pest-control-technician-4"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"滅蟲助理","titleEn":"Pest control assistant"},{"titleZh":"滅蟲技術員","titleEn":"Pest control technician"},{"titleZh":"高級技術員","titleEn":"Senior technician"},{"titleZh":"組長／主管","titleEn":"Team leader / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"營運經理／東主","titleEn":"Operations manager / owner"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"滅蟲助理","titleEn":"Pest control assistant"},{"titleZh":"滅蟲技術員","titleEn":"Pest control technician"},{"titleZh":"高級技術員","titleEn":"Senior technician"},{"titleZh":"組長／主管","titleEn":"Team leader / supervisor"},{"titleZh":"營運經理／東主","titleEn":"Operations manager / owner"}],"sourceIds":["careers-pest-control-technician-1","careers-pest-control-technician-2","careers-pest-control-technician-3","careers-pest-control-technician-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"pet-trainer","titleZh":"寵物訓練員","titleEn":"Pet trainer","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","lesserKnown":true,"ledeZh":"寵物訓練員用正向訓練教狗基本服從、牽繩禮儀、社會化同改善行為問題，會開班亦會上門，並要向主人示範做法。香港冇為訓犬員設立法定發牌或註冊制度，入行主要靠資歷架構認可課程、業界認證同口碑。","ledeEn":"Pet trainers use positive reinforcement to teach basic obedience, loose-lead walking, socialisation and to reduce behaviour problems, running classes and home visits and coaching owners. Hong Kong sets no statutory licensing or registration for dog trainers, so entry rests on Qualifications Framework courses, industry certification and reputation.","bodyZh":"寵物訓練員嘅核心，係讀懂狗嘅行為同教主人點做。佢哋會評估犬隻嘅性格、年齡同問題，例如吠叫、撲人、拉扯牽繩、分離焦慮或護食，再用正向強化（獎勵好行為）去建立正確習慣，而唔係靠嚇或懲罰。形式有兩種：團體班教基本服從同社會化，適合幼犬同新手主人；個別上門或寄宿訓練，就針對行為問題逐隻處理。無論邊種，訓練員都要向主人示範技巧，因為真正每日同狗相處嘅係主人，冇主人配合，成效有限。\n\n入行關卡方面，香港並無為寵物訓練員設立法定發牌或註冊。同寵物買賣唔同——出售或要約出售動物、狗隻須按《公眾衞生（動物及禽鳥）（售賣及繁育）規例》（第139B章）領取動物售賣商牌照或狗隻繁育牌照——訓犬本身唔在呢個發牌制度之內。所以行內冇「持牌訓犬員」呢回事，取而代之嘅係資歷架構認可課程、業界協會認證同客戶口碑。近年職業訓練局嘅應用學習課程同業界課程，都有涵蓋寵物行為觀察、動物處理同動物福利等內容，並可達資歷架構級別，為入行提供較有系統嘅基礎。\n\n實際工作亦講求安全同商業能力。訓犬涉及同陌生犬隻近距離接觸，風險包括被咬、走失同意外，訓練員要有處理動物嘅安全意識同基本急救知識，並考慮購買保險。自僱者仲要自己做市場推廣、安排時間、管理客戶關係。行業規模細、缺乏統一標準，質素好壞差距大，因此口碑同專業態度往往比證書更能決定客源。\n\n有意入行嘅人，一般先累積照顧同處理犬隻嘅經驗，再修讀相關課程、考取業界認證，由助教做起，逐步建立自己嘅訓練風格同客群。做得專精嘅，會進一步鑽研行為矯正，甚至同獸醫合作處理複雜個案。","bodyEn":"At the heart of pet training is reading a dog's behaviour and teaching the owner how to respond. Trainers assess a dog's temperament, age and problems — barking, jumping up, pulling on the lead, separation anxiety or guarding food — and use positive reinforcement (rewarding good behaviour) to build the right habits rather than relying on fear or punishment. Delivery takes two main forms: group classes that teach basic obedience and socialisation, suited to puppies and new owners; and one-to-one home or boarding training that tackles behaviour problems case by case. In every format the trainer must coach the owner, because the owner is the one with the dog every day, and training rarely works without their follow-through.\n\nOn entry, Hong Kong sets no statutory licensing or registration for pet trainers. Unlike the pet trade — selling or offering animals and dogs for sale requires an animal trader licence or dog breeding licence under the Public Health (Animals and Birds) (Trading and Breeding) Regulations (Cap. 139B) — dog training itself falls outside that licensing regime. There is therefore no such thing as a \"licensed trainer\"; what exists instead is Qualifications Framework courses, industry-association certification and client reputation. In recent years, Vocational Training Council applied-learning courses and industry courses have covered pet behaviour observation, animal handling and animal welfare, and can reach QF levels, offering a more structured foundation for entry.\n\nThe work also demands safety and business sense. Training means close contact with unfamiliar dogs, with risks including bites, escapes and accidents, so trainers need safe animal-handling awareness and basic first aid, and should consider insurance. Self-employed trainers must also handle marketing, scheduling and client relationships. The sector is small and lacks common standards, so quality varies widely and reputation and professionalism often decide custom more than certificates do.\n\nThose aiming to enter usually build up experience handling and caring for dogs first, then take related courses and industry certification, start as an assistant, and gradually develop their own training style and clientele. Specialists may go deeper into behaviour modification or work with veterinarians on complex cases.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：課堂、上門同評估","titleEn":"The job: classes, home visits and assessment","bodyZh":"訓練員嘅工作由評估開始：觀察犬隻嘅性情、反應同問題，了解主人嘅期望同生活環境，再設計訓練計劃。團體班多數教基本服從（坐下、留待、召回）、牽繩禮儀同社會化，讓幼犬習慣同其他狗和人相處；個別訓練就針對吠叫、撲人、分離焦慮等行為問題，逐次調整方法。訓練員要有耐性、體能同觀察力，亦要示範點樣用獎勵取代懲罰。由於狗嘅行為同主人習慣息息相關，同主人保持溝通、跟進進度，係工作嘅重要一環。","bodyEn":"A trainer's work begins with assessment: observing the dog's temperament, reactions and problems, understanding the owner's expectations and home setting, and then designing a plan. Group classes usually teach basic obedience (sit, stay, recall), loose-lead walking and socialisation so puppies get used to other dogs and people; one-to-one sessions target behaviour problems such as barking, jumping up or separation anxiety, adjusting methods session by session. Trainers need patience, stamina and observation skills, and must demonstrate how reward replaces punishment. Because a dog's behaviour is tied to the owner's habits, staying in touch and tracking progress is a major part of the job."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：冇法定發牌，靠資歷架構同業界認證","titleEn":"The gate: no statutory licence, so QF and industry certification","bodyZh":"香港並無為訓犬員設立法定發牌或註冊，行業唔似寵物買賣咁受發牌規管：出售或要約出售動物須領動物售賣商牌照，售賣狗隻另有狗隻繁育牌照，但「訓練」本身唔在制度內。因此入行冇硬性執照，取而代之嘅係資歷架構認可課程同業界認證。職業訓練局嘅應用學習「寵物護理及美容」課程就涵蓋寵物行為觀察、動物處理同動物福利等單元，並可達資歷架構級別；坊間亦有不同協會嘅訓犬認證。對新人嚟講，完成有質素嘅課程、取得認可證書，係建立專業形象嘅起步。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong sets no statutory licensing or registration for dog trainers, and the field is not licence-controlled the way the pet trade is: selling or offering animals for sale requires an animal trader licence, and selling dogs involves dog breeding licences, but training itself sits outside that regime. Entry therefore has no mandatory licence; instead there are Qualifications Framework courses and industry certification. The Vocational Training Council's applied-learning course on pet care and grooming covers units such as pet behaviour observation, animal handling and animal welfare and can reach QF levels, and various associations offer dog-training certification. For newcomers, completing a quality course and earning a recognised certificate is the starting point for a professional image."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同風險：市場、保險同動物福利","titleEn":"Industry reality and risk: market, insurance and welfare","bodyZh":"寵物訓練係一個規模細、冇統一標準嘅行業，訓練員可以受僱於寵物中心、訓練學校，亦可以自僱接單。好處係入行彈性大、可直接面向客戶；難處係收入唔穩定、要自己搵客同安排時間。風險方面，接觸陌生犬隻可能被咬或發生意外，訓練員應具備動物處理安全意識同基本急救知識，並考慮責任保險。專業操守上，訓練員須以動物福利為先，採用符合人道嘅正向訓練，唔應該使用造成痛苦嘅方法。做得專業、口碑好嘅訓練員，客源往往來自轉介同重複光顧。","bodyEn":"Pet training is a small sector without common standards, and trainers may be employed by pet centres or training schools or work freelance. The upside is flexibility and direct client contact; the downside is unstable income and the need to find clients and manage your own schedule. On risk, contact with unfamiliar dogs can lead to bites or accidents, so trainers should have safe animal-handling awareness and basic first aid and should consider liability insurance. Professionally, trainers must put animal welfare first and use humane positive methods, avoiding techniques that cause suffering. Trainers who are genuinely professional and well regarded often gain work through referrals and repeat clients."}],"payBasisZh":"寵物訓練員多為自僱，或受僱於寵物中心、訓練學校，收費同薪酬由經營者、僱主同客戶自行議定；香港並無為訓犬員設立法定薪級或標準收費。本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Pet trainers are mostly self-employed, or employed by pet centres or training schools, so fees and pay are agreed among operators, employers and clients; Hong Kong sets no statutory pay scale or standard fee for dog trainers. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["對犬隻行為同學習原理有認識，認同正向強化等訓練方法","修讀資歷架構認可或業界認可嘅寵物護理／訓犬課程（如有更佳）","具備處理陌生犬隻嘅安全意識同基本急救知識","有良好溝通技巧，能向主人示範同講解做法","有耐性、體能良好，並尊重動物福利"],"entryEn":["Knowledge of dog behaviour and learning principles, and support for methods such as positive reinforcement","Completion of Qualifications Framework or industry-recognised pet care or dog training courses, where available","Safe animal-handling awareness and basic first aid knowledge","Good communication skills, with the ability to demonstrate techniques to owners","Patience, physical fitness and respect for animal welfare"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由助教做起，累積經驗再獨立授課","titleEn":"Start as an assistant, then teach independently","stepsZh":["先累積照顧同處理犬隻嘅實際經驗","修讀寵物護理／行為相關課程，打好行為學同動物福利基礎","在訓練學校或寵物中心擔任助教，跟隨前輩學習","逐步獨立接課、建立風格同客群"],"stepsEn":["Build up practical experience caring for and handling dogs","Take pet care or behaviour courses to build a foundation in behaviour science and animal welfare","Work as an assistant at a training school or pet centre, learning from experienced trainers","Gradually take on classes independently and develop your own style and clientele"],"sourceIds":["careers-pet-trainer-1","careers-pet-trainer-2"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"訓練助理／助教","titleEn":"Training assistant"},{"titleZh":"寵物訓練員","titleEn":"Pet trainer"},{"titleZh":"高級訓練員／行為顧問","titleEn":"Senior trainer / behaviour consultant"},{"titleZh":"訓練學校負責人","titleEn":"Training school owner"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"訓練助理／助教","titleEn":"Training assistant"},{"titleZh":"寵物訓練員","titleEn":"Pet trainer"},{"titleZh":"高級訓練員／行為顧問","titleEn":"Senior trainer / behaviour consultant"},{"titleZh":"訓練學校負責人","titleEn":"Training school owner"}],"sourceIds":["careers-pet-trainer-1","careers-pet-trainer-2","careers-pet-trainer-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"police-inspector","titleZh":"督察","titleEn":"Police Inspector","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"督察率領小隊執行巡邏、處理案件同指揮行動，做調查、拘捕同檢控文件，並負責小隊訓練同紀律。入行關卡係警務處遴選：須為香港永久性居民、符合學歷同語文要求，並通過筆試、面試、體能同《基本法及香港國安法》測試。","ledeEn":"A police inspector leads a squad, handles cases and commands the scene, conducts investigations, arrests and prosecution paperwork, explains procedure and manages squad training and discipline. The gate is Police recruitment: applicants must be permanent residents, meet academic and language requirements, and pass written tests, interviews, a fitness test and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test.","bodyZh":"督察屬警務處嘅管理職級，入職係見習督察，完成警察學院訓練後才成為督察。日常工作中，督察要帶隊巡邏、處理報案同突發事件，到達現場後負責指揮、分工同風險評估；遇上刑事案件，就要決定是否拘捕、如何搜證，之後撰寫口供同檢控文件，並可能要出庭作證。除咗執法，督察亦要處理市民查詢同投訴、向公眾解釋程序，並負責小隊嘅訓練、紀律同士氣，可以講係「前線主管」兼「執法者」。\n\n入職關卡主要分三層。第一層係身份同學歷：申請人必須係香港特別行政區永久性居民；學歷方面，持有大學學位，或副學士學位／高級文憑並符合指定成績要求，或按高級程度會考／中學會考嘅舊制要求達標。第二層係語文能力：須能閱讀及書寫中文、操流利粵語，並在中學文憑試或會考中國語文科同英國語文科考獲第2級或以上（或同等）。第三層係遴選程序：通過視力同體能測試、遴選筆試（或憑綜合招聘考試等成績豁免）、小組討論、延續面試同體格檢驗，以及《基本法及香港國安法》測試。\n\n《基本法及香港國安法》測試為選擇題形式，要在指定時間內完成並取得及格成績。遴選督察嘅筆試涵蓋中文同英文語文運用及作文，若持有指定學歷成績（例如綜合招聘考試「中文運用」同「英文運用」達指定級別，或中學文憑試中英文達第4級等），可獲豁免相關部分。警務處亦設有「警察·大學招募快線」，讓大學生提早啟動遴選環節，通過者可取得有條件取錄。\n\n獲聘後，見習督察會入讀警察學院，修讀獲資歷架構認可嘅「見習督察警務領導及管理專業文憑」（資歷架構第五級，相當於學士學位級別）。完成訓練、通過考核同試用期後，便會正式出任督察，日後可循高級督察、總督察、警司等職級晉升。","bodyEn":"A police inspector is a supervisory rank in the Hong Kong Police Force. Recruits join as probationary inspectors and become inspectors only after completing training at the Police College. Day to day, inspectors lead squad patrols and respond to reports and incidents, taking command on scene with responsibility for task allocation and risk assessment; on criminal cases they decide on arrest and evidence-gathering, then prepare statements and prosecution papers and may give evidence in court. Beyond enforcement, they handle public enquiries and complaints, explain procedure and are responsible for their squad's training, discipline and morale, making the role both a frontline supervisor and an enforcer.\n\nEntry has three tiers. The first covers identity and education: applicants must be Hong Kong permanent residents, and must hold a university degree, or an associate degree or higher diploma with specified results, or meet the older HKALE and HKCEE requirements. The second is language: applicants must be able to read and write Chinese, speak fluent Cantonese, and have Level 2 or above in Chinese and English in the HKDSEE or HKCEE (or equivalent). The third is selection: a vision and physical fitness test, a written test (or exemption through results such as the Common Recruitment Examination), a group discussion, an extended interview and a medical examination, plus the Basic Law and National Security Law Test.\n\nThe Basic Law and National Security Law Test is multiple choice and must be completed and passed within a set time. The inspector's written test covers Chinese and English language use and essay writing, though applicants with specified academic results, such as certain CRE or HKDSEE grades, may be exempted from those parts. The Force also runs a \"Police University Recruitment Express\" that lets undergraduates start selection earlier and, if successful, receive a conditional offer.\n\nOn appointment, probationary inspectors study at the Police College for the Professional Diploma in Police Leadership and Management, which is recognised at Qualifications Framework Level 5. After completing training, assessments and probation, they become inspectors and can later rise through ranks such as Senior Inspector, Chief Inspector and Superintendent.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：帶隊、查案同法庭","titleEn":"The job: leading a squad, investigating and court","bodyZh":"督察係前線嘅主管。巡邏時要分配人手、處理市民求助同突發事件，遇事要即時判斷風險同決定行動。處理案件方面，由初步調查、拘捕、搜證到錄取口供同準備檢控文件，督察都要把關，案件上庭時亦可能要作證。除咗執法，佢哋要面對市民嘅查詢同投訴，向公眾解釋程序，並要照顧小隊嘅訓練、紀律同士氣。工作時間包括輪更、通宵同候命，體力同心理壓力都大，溝通同判斷能力同樣重要。","bodyEn":"An inspector is a frontline supervisor. On patrol, the job is to allocate staff, handle public requests and incidents, and make on-the-spot judgements on risk and action. On cases, the inspector oversees everything from initial investigation and arrest to evidence-gathering, statement-taking and prosecution papers, and may testify in court. Beyond enforcement, inspectors face public enquiries and complaints, explain procedure to the public, and look after their squad's training, discipline and morale. The hours include shifts, overnight duties and on-call work, so the physical and psychological demands are high, and communication and judgement matter just as much."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：學歷、語文、遴選同測試","titleEn":"The gate: academics, language, selection and tests","bodyZh":"投考督察有幾重關卡。身份方面，申請人必須係香港特別行政區永久性居民。學歷方面，須持大學學位，或副學士學位／高級文憑並符合指定成績要求，或按舊制要求達標。語文方面，須能閱讀及書寫中文、操流利粵語，並在中學文憑試或會考中英文考獲第2級或以上（或同等）。遴選方面，要通過視力及體能測試、遴選筆試、小組討論、延續面試同體格檢驗，並在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格。部分指定學歷可豁免筆試部分，但整體程序仍然嚴謹。","bodyEn":"Becoming an inspector involves several gates. On identity, applicants must be Hong Kong permanent residents. On education, they must hold a university degree, or an associate degree or higher diploma with specified results, or meet the older requirements. On language, they must read and write Chinese, speak fluent Cantonese, and have Level 2 or above in Chinese and English in the HKDSEE or HKCEE (or equivalent). On selection, they must pass a vision and physical fitness test, a written test, a group discussion, an extended interview and a medical examination, and pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Some specified results exempt parts of the written test, but the overall process remains demanding."},{"titleZh":"培訓同晉升：警察學院同職級階梯","titleEn":"Training and progression: the Police College and ranks","bodyZh":"獲聘後，見習督察會入讀警察學院，修讀「見習督察警務領導及管理專業文憑」。呢個文憑已獲香港學術及職業資歷評審局認可，達資歷架構第五級，相當於學士學位級別。完成訓練、通過考核同試用期後，便正式出任督察。之後可循高級督察、總督察、警司等職級循序晉升，並按表現同經驗獲派不同崗位，例如刑偵、交通、訓練或管理部門。督察屬公務員（紀律人員）職位，薪酬同晉升機會由政府嘅紀律部隊制度規定。","bodyEn":"On appointment, probationary inspectors study at the Police College for the Professional Diploma in Police Leadership and Management. Recognised by the Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications, it sits at Qualifications Framework Level 5, comparable to a bachelor's degree. After completing training, assessments and probation, they become inspectors. They can then advance through ranks such as Senior Inspector, Chief Inspector and Superintendent, taking on different postings — criminal investigation, traffic, training or management — according to performance and experience. The inspector post is a civil-service (disciplined services) position, with pay and promotion governed by the government's disciplined services system."}],"payBasisZh":"督察係公務員（紀律人員）職位，薪酬按政府為紀律部隊人員訂明嘅薪級表釐定，由公務員事務局及警務處依職級同服務年資規定並定期調整，唔屬僱主自訂範圍。本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"The inspector post is a civil-service (disciplined services) position, so pay follows the pay scale set by the government for disciplined services personnel, determined by the Civil Service Bureau and the Police Force according to rank and years of service and adjusted periodically; it is not set at an employer's discretion. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["香港特別行政區永久性居民","持有大學學位，或副學士學位／高級文憑並符合指定成績要求（或按舊制要求達標）","在中學文憑試或會考中國語文科及英國語文科考獲第2級或以上（或同等）","通過視力及體能測試、遴選筆試、面試同體格檢驗","在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格成績"],"entryEn":["A Hong Kong Special Administrative Region permanent resident","A university degree, or an associate degree or higher diploma with specified results (or meeting the older requirements)","Level 2 or above in Chinese and English in the HKDSEE or HKCEE (or equivalent)","Passing the vision and physical fitness test, the written test, interviews and the medical examination","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"大學學位 → 遴選 → 警察學院","titleEn":"University degree → selection → Police College","stepsZh":["完成大學學位並符合中英文語文要求","遞交督察申請，參加大學招募快線或一般招募","通過體能、筆試、小組討論、面試同《基本法及香港國安法》測試","入讀警察學院，完成訓練同試用期後出任督察"],"stepsEn":["Complete a university degree and meet the Chinese and English language requirements","Apply for the inspector post, through the university recruitment express or general recruitment","Pass the fitness test, written test, group discussion, interview and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Enter the Police College and become an inspector after training and probation"],"sourceIds":["careers-police-inspector-1","careers-police-inspector-2"]},{"titleZh":"副學士／高級文憑 → 遴選 → 警察學院","titleEn":"Sub-degree / higher diploma → selection → Police College","stepsZh":["完成副學士學位或高級文憑，並符合指定成績同語文要求","遞交督察申請並通過各項遴選環節","完成《基本法及香港國安法》測試及體格檢驗","入讀警察學院，通過考核後正式出任督察"],"stepsEn":["Complete an associate degree or higher diploma and meet the specified results and language requirements","Apply and pass each selection stage","Complete the Basic Law and National Security Law Test and medical examination","Enter the Police College and become an inspector after assessments"],"sourceIds":["careers-police-inspector-1","careers-police-inspector-2"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習督察","titleEn":"Probationary Inspector"},{"titleZh":"督察","titleEn":"Inspector"},{"titleZh":"高級督察","titleEn":"Senior Inspector"},{"titleZh":"總督察","titleEn":"Chief Inspector"},{"titleZh":"警司","titleEn":"Superintendent"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習督察","titleEn":"Probationary Inspector"},{"titleZh":"督察","titleEn":"Inspector"},{"titleZh":"高級督察","titleEn":"Senior Inspector"},{"titleZh":"總督察","titleEn":"Chief Inspector"},{"titleZh":"警司","titleEn":"Superintendent"}],"sourceIds":["careers-police-inspector-1","careers-police-inspector-2","careers-police-inspector-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"port-crane-operator","titleZh":"貨櫃碼頭吊機操作員","titleEn":"Container terminal crane operator","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"貨櫃碼頭吊機操作員在橋式或高塔式吊機上操控吊具，把貨櫃裝卸上落船同堆場，並按訊號同風速限制作業。呢行有硬性法定關卡：操作員須持有第59J章第15A條下由指明機構簽發的證明書。","ledeEn":"Container terminal crane operators run gantry or tower cranes to move containers between vessels and the yard, working by radio with signalmen and obeying safety limits such as wind speed. The gate is statutory: an operator must hold a certificate issued by a specified body under the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear) Regulations (Cap. 59J).","bodyZh":"貨櫃碼頭吊機操作員要在橋式吊機或高塔式吊機嘅駕駛室內操控吊具，跟控制中心嘅指示同船期，把貨櫃由船上吊落堆場，或由堆場吊上船，並同地面訊號員、掛鈎員緊密配合。工作講求空間感、手眼協調同耐性；一旦遇上強風、雷暴，就要按安全指引停機。長時間高空作業，須嚴守安全程序。\n\n呢行嘅入行關卡係法定嘅。《工廠及工業經營（起重機械及起重裝置）規例》（第59J章）第15A條規定，起重機操作員須持有由勞工處處長指明嘅機構所發出嘅證明書；勞工處網頁列出多間獲指明嘅課程營辦機構，當中包括貨櫃碼頭公司、工會同訓練中心。建造業議會（前身建造業訓練局）亦獲授權簽發證明書，並為建造業常用嘅六種起重機——塔式、履帶式固定吊臂、輪胎式液壓伸縮吊臂、貨車吊機、龍門式同牽索式人字吊臂——設計同推行資歷證明測試。\n\n測試一般分理論、筆試同實務操作三部分；持證人續牌要參加續牌課程同筆試。建造業議會亦要求部分申請人（例如65歲或以上）提交體格檢驗報告。換句話講，入行唔可以單靠經驗，係要先經過認可訓練同測試，取得對應機種嘅證明書。\n\n行業方面，貨櫃碼頭、建築地盤、物流倉庫同吊裝工程都需要吊機操作員。新人通常由碼頭或承辦商嘅培訓計劃入門，做熟一種機種後再考其他機種，逐步擴闊可操作嘅設備同工作範圍。","bodyEn":"Container terminal crane operators work from the cab of a gantry or tower crane, moving spreaders to lift containers off a vessel onto the yard or back on board, following the control centre and vessel schedule and coordinating closely with signalmen and lashers on the ground. The job demands spatial awareness, hand-eye coordination and patience; in strong winds or thunderstorms, operations must stop under safety guidelines. Working at height for long shifts means safety procedures have to be followed strictly.\n\nThe gate is statutory. Regulation 15A of the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear) Regulations (Cap. 59J) requires a crane operator to hold a certificate issued by a body specified by the Commissioner for Labour. The Labour Department's page lists many specified course providers, including container terminal companies, unions and training centres. The Construction Industry Council, formerly the Construction Industry Training Authority, is also empowered to issue certificates and designs and runs trade tests for six crane types common in construction: tower, crawler with fixed jib, wheel-mounted hydraulic telescopic jib, lorry loader, gantry, and derrick.\n\nThe test normally covers theory, a written paper and practical operation; renewal requires a revalidation course and written paper. The council also requires some applicants, such as those aged 65 or above, to submit a medical examination report. In short, experience alone is not enough: entrants must complete approved training and testing and obtain a certificate for the relevant crane type.\n\nContainer terminals, construction sites, logistics depots and lifting contractors all need crane operators. Newcomers usually start through a terminal or contractor training scheme, then add other crane types to widen the equipment and work they can take on.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：橋式吊機上嘅一日","titleEn":"The job: a day on the gantry crane","bodyZh":"吊機操作員嘅一日由交接班同檢查開始：開機前要確認吊具、鋼纜、限位裝置同警報正常，再按控制中心嘅指示同船期編排出貨次序。操作時全靠駕駛室嘅視野同無線電，把吊具準確對正貨櫃四角嘅鎖孔，一放一收都要穩定，唔可以碰撞船身或堆疊嘅貨櫃。遇上大風、能見度低或者雷暴，就要按指引減速甚至停機。長時間高空作業，加上日夜輪班，係體力同專注力嘅考驗；嚴守安全程序，係保住自己同地面同事嘅關鍵。","bodyEn":"A crane operator's day starts with shift handover and checks: before lifting, the spreader, wire ropes, limit switches and alarms must be confirmed working, and the lifting sequence is set by the control centre and vessel schedule. Operation relies on the cab's view and the radio, aligning the spreader precisely with the four corner castings of a container; every hoist and lower must be steady, without bumping the vessel or stacked boxes. In strong wind, poor visibility or thunderstorms, the operator must slow down or stop under the guidelines. Long hours at height and day-night shift rotation test stamina and concentration, and strict safety procedure is what protects both the operator and colleagues on the ground."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：第59J章第15A條證明書","titleEn":"The gate: a certificate under regulation 15A of Cap. 59J","bodyZh":"呢個職業嘅關卡寫在法例裏面。《工廠及工業經營（起重機械及起重裝置）規例》（第59J章）第15A條規定，起重機操作員須持有由勞工處處長指明嘅機構所發出嘅證明書。勞工處網頁列出多間獲指明嘅課程營辦機構，除咗訓練中心同工會，仲包括貨櫃碼頭公司本身，反映碼頭會自行培訓操作員。建造業議會（前身建造業訓練局）同樣獲授權簽發證明書，係建造業常用機種嘅主要發證機構。換句話講，冇認可證明書就唔可以合法操作起重機，係一條硬性嘅法定界線。","bodyEn":"This occupation's gate is written into the law. Regulation 15A of the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear) Regulations (Cap. 59J) requires a crane operator to hold a certificate issued by a body specified by the Commissioner for Labour. The Labour Department lists many specified course providers; besides training centres and unions, they include container terminal companies themselves, showing that terminals train their own operators. The Construction Industry Council, formerly the Construction Industry Training Authority, is likewise empowered to issue certificates and is a principal awarding body for crane types common in construction. In other words, without an approved certificate a person cannot lawfully operate a crane: it is a hard statutory line."},{"titleZh":"認可訓練同測試：六種機種","titleEn":"Approved training and testing: six crane types","bodyZh":"建造業議會為六種建造業常用嘅起重機設計同推行資歷證明測試，包括塔式、履帶式固定吊臂、輪胎式液壓伸縮吊臂、貨車吊機、龍門式同牽索式人字吊臂。新牌測試一般分三日：第一日重溫理論，第二日上午筆試、之後熟習測試用嘅吊機，第三日分批做實務操作測試；續牌則要參加一日嘅續牌課程同筆試。建造業議會亦要求部分申請人（例如65歲或以上）提交體格檢驗報告。由於唔同機種各有測試，操作員通常會逐個機種考牌，逐步擴闊可以操作嘅設備。","bodyEn":"The Construction Industry Council designs and runs certification tests for six crane types common in construction: tower cranes, crawler cranes with fixed jib, wheel-mounted hydraulic telescopic jib cranes, lorry loaders, gantry cranes, and derricks. The new-licence test normally runs over three days: the first day revises theory, the second has a written paper in the morning followed by familiarisation with the test crane, and the third sees candidates take the practical operation test in batches; renewal involves a one-day revalidation course and a written paper. The council also requires some applicants, such as those aged 65 or above, to submit a medical examination report. Because each crane type has its own test, operators usually qualify type by type, gradually widening the equipment they may operate."}],"payBasisZh":"吊機操作員多數受僱於貨櫃碼頭營運商、吊裝或建築承辦商，薪酬由僱主按公司薪酬架構、可操作嘅機種、班次（含夜班）同經驗自行釐定，並非公務員或法定薪級；若受僱於政府或公營機構，則跟隨該機構嘅相關薪級。本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Most crane operators are employed by container terminal operators, lifting or construction contractors, and pay is set by the employer according to the company's pay structure, the crane types the operator is certified for, shift patterns including night work, and experience, rather than by any civil-service or statutory pay scale; those employed by the government or public bodies follow that body's relevant pay scale. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["持有《工廠及工業經營（起重機械及起重裝置）規例》（第59J章）第15A條下、由指明機構簽發嘅相關機種起重機操作員證明書","完成認可訓練課程並通過筆試同實務操作測試","具備操作吊機所需嘅體格同健康狀況（部分申請人須提交體格檢驗報告）","能配合碼頭日夜輪班同惡劣天氣下嘅安全安排","良好空間感同手眼協調，能遵從訊號員及控制中心嘅指令"],"entryEn":["A crane operator certificate for the relevant crane type, issued by a specified body under regulation 15A of the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Lifting Appliances and Lifting Gear) Regulations (Cap. 59J)","Completion of an approved training course and passing of the written paper and practical operation test","The physique and health needed to operate a crane, with some applicants required to submit a medical examination report","Willingness to work day and night shifts at a terminal and to follow safety arrangements in bad weather","Good spatial awareness and hand-eye coordination, and the ability to follow instructions from signalmen and the control centre"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"經認可課程考取操作員證明書","titleEn":"Qualify as an operator through an approved course","stepsZh":["揀定目標機種，例如龍門式起重機或塔式起重機","向勞工處指明嘅課程營辦機構或建造業議會報讀訓練課程","通過理論、筆試同實務操作測試，取得對應機種嘅證明書","入職貨櫃碼頭、吊裝或建築承辦商，累積操作經驗","續牌時參加續牌課程同筆試，並按需要考取其他機種"],"stepsEn":["Choose a target crane type, such as a gantry or tower crane","Enrol on a training course with a provider specified by the Labour Department or with the Construction Industry Council","Pass the theory, written paper and practical operation test to obtain a certificate for that crane type","Join a container terminal, lifting or construction contractor and build operating experience","On renewal, take the revalidation course and written paper, and add other crane types as needed"],"sourceIds":["careers-port-crane-operator-1","careers-port-crane-operator-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習吊機操作員／訊號員","titleEn":"Trainee crane operator / signalman"},{"titleZh":"吊機操作員（單一機種）","titleEn":"Crane operator (single crane type)"},{"titleZh":"資深吊機操作員（多機種）","titleEn":"Senior crane operator (multiple crane types)"},{"titleZh":"吊機組長／班長","titleEn":"Crane team leader / shift supervisor"},{"titleZh":"碼頭作業主管","titleEn":"Terminal operations supervisor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習吊機操作員／訊號員","titleEn":"Trainee crane operator / signalman"},{"titleZh":"吊機操作員（單一機種）","titleEn":"Crane operator (single crane type)"},{"titleZh":"資深吊機操作員（多機種）","titleEn":"Senior crane operator (multiple crane types)"},{"titleZh":"吊機組長／班長","titleEn":"Crane team leader / shift supervisor"},{"titleZh":"碼頭作業主管","titleEn":"Terminal operations supervisor"}],"sourceIds":["careers-port-crane-operator-1","careers-port-crane-operator-2","careers-port-crane-operator-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"professional-athlete","titleZh":"職業運動員","titleEn":"Professional athlete","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","ledeZh":"職業運動員全職投入訓練同比賽，每日做體能、技術同戰術訓練，跟教練計劃並控制飲食同恢復。入行要達到體育總會同體院嘅甄選水平，獲推薦成為受資助嘅獎學金運動員。","ledeEn":"Professional athletes train and compete full time, doing daily physical, technical and tactical work, following a coach's plan and managing diet and recovery. Entry is not a single exam: an athlete must reach the selection standard of a sports association and the Hong Kong Sports Institute and be recommended as a funded scholarship athlete.","bodyZh":"職業運動員嘅生活圍住訓練同比賽轉。每日要按教練編排做體能、技術同戰術訓練，又要做物理治療、拉筋同恢復，控制飲食、睡眠同體重。比賽期要應付密集賽程、出外集訓同壓力；非比賽期就要打好基礎、改進弱項。呢份工冇固定朝九晚五，作息同身體狀態都係工作嘅一部分。\n\n入行關卡唔係一張試卷，而係一套甄選同資助制度。香港體育學院同各體育總會合作，運動員一般由體育總會嘅梯隊同訓練計劃起步，接受基礎訓練、提升運動能力；達到運動員獎學金計劃嘅基本要求後，就會成為體院獎學金運動員。體院指出，運動員一般需要經過8至12年嘅全職訓練，先至達到世界級水平，可見呢條路講長線投入同持續表現。\n\n支援體系方面，政府透過體院為精英運動員提供直接財政資助、運動科學同運動醫學支援、體適能支援，以及事業同個人雙向發展支援；現時體院約有一千七百名精英運動員，當中約七百名係全職運動員。\n\n雙軌發展係近年重點：體院嘅夥伴學校計劃、友好學校網絡，同大學教育資助委員會嘅學生運動員入學計劃，都為運動員提供彈性學習安排，幫佢哋兼顧學業，為退役後嘅「第二事業」鋪路。","bodyEn":"A professional athlete's life revolves around training and competition. Each day follows a coach's plan of physical, technical and tactical work, alongside physiotherapy, stretching and recovery and control of diet, sleep and body weight. Competition periods bring packed schedules, overseas training camps and pressure, while the off-season is for building a base and fixing weaknesses. There is no fixed nine-to-five: routine and physical condition are part of the job.\n\nEntry is not a single examination but a selection and funding system. The Hong Kong Sports Institute works with the sports associations, and athletes normally begin in an association's squad and training programme to build basic ability; once they meet the basic requirements of the Sports Scholarship Scheme, they become HKSI scholarship athletes. The institute notes that athletes generally need eight to twelve years of full-time training to reach world-class level, showing how long-term the commitment and sustained performance must be.\n\nOn support, the government, through the HKSI, provides elite athletes with direct financial support, sports science and sports medicine support, fitness support, and career and personal development support. The institute currently has around 1,700 elite athletes, of whom about 700 are full-time.\n\nDual-track development is a recent focus: the HKSI's partner school scheme and friendly school network, together with the University Grants Committee's student-athlete admission scheme, offer flexible study arrangements so athletes can pursue education and prepare a \"second career\" after retirement.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：訓練、恢復同比賽","titleEn":"The job: training, recovery and competition","bodyZh":"運動員嘅一日通常由晨操開始，跟住係技術或戰術訓練、體能訓練同恢復治療，中間穿插飲食、休息同伴隨嘅影片分析。訓練量同強度由教練按賽期編排，講求周期化：備戰期加重、比賽期減量、休賽期重整。運動員要長期維持體態同狀態，又要處理傷患、比賽壓力同公眾期望。呢份職業冇穩定嘅工時，自律同抗壓同技術一樣重要。","bodyEn":"An athlete's day usually begins with morning training, followed by technical or tactical work, physical conditioning and recovery treatment, with meals, rest and video analysis fitted in between. Training volume and intensity are periodised by the coach around the competition calendar: heavier in preparation, lighter in competition and reset in the off-season. Athletes must maintain condition over the long term while managing injuries, competition pressure and public expectations. There are no stable hours, and self-discipline and resilience matter as much as technique."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：運動員獎學金計劃","titleEn":"The gate: the Sports Scholarship Scheme","bodyZh":"要成為受支援嘅精英運動員，關鍵唔係考試，而係達到體育總會同體院嘅甄選標準。體院同各體育總會合作，先由總會嘅梯隊同訓練計劃揀選有潛質嘅運動員；達到運動員獎學金計劃基本要求嘅，就可以成為獎學金運動員，並按表現分為由精英甲＋至成年隊等唔同級別。體院指出，一般要經過8至12年全職訓練先達世界級，所以入行睇嘅係長線潛質同持續成績，而唔係一次測驗。","bodyEn":"Becoming a supported elite athlete hinges not on an exam but on meeting the selection standards of a sports association and the HKSI. The institute works with the associations, which first identify promising athletes through their squad and training programmes; those meeting the basic requirements of the Sports Scholarship Scheme become scholarship athletes, graded by performance from Elite A+ down to the senior squad. The institute notes that eight to twelve years of full-time training are generally needed to reach world-class level, so entry turns on long-term potential and sustained results rather than a one-off test."},{"titleZh":"支援同雙軌發展：學業、退役同第二事業","titleEn":"Support and dual-track development: study, retirement and a second career","bodyZh":"體院為精英運動員提供直接財政資助、運動科學同運動醫學支援、體適能支援，同教育及就業嘅雙向支援，等運動員可以專心訓練。夥伴學校計劃同友好學校網絡為學生運動員安排彈性上課時間表同學習支援；多間大學亦同體院合作，讓運動員申請入讀並獲獎學金，部分計劃容許延長修讀年期。呢啲安排都係為咗幫運動員退役後轉型，發展「第二事業」。","bodyEn":"The HKSI gives elite athletes direct financial support, sports science and sports medicine support, fitness support, and two-way education and employment support so they can focus on training. The partner school scheme and friendly school network arrange flexible timetables and learning support for student athletes, and many universities work with the institute so athletes can apply for admission and scholarships, with some schemes allowing an extended period of study. These arrangements aim to help athletes transition after retirement and build a \"second career\"."}],"payBasisZh":"職業運動員嘅收入由多個來源組成：政府透過體院「運動員獎學金計劃」發放嘅直接財政資助（按級別同表現釐定），加上所屬體育總會、贊助商、比賽獎金同個人商業合作等。各項資助同獎勵嘅標準由體院及相關計劃公布，並非單一僱主薪級。本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"A professional athlete's income comes from several sources: direct financial support paid by the government through the HKSI's Sports Scholarship Scheme, graded by level and performance, plus the sports association, sponsors, competition prizes and personal commercial arrangements. The criteria for these grants and awards are published by the HKSI and the relevant schemes rather than being a single employer's pay scale. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["在所屬體育項目達到體育總會及體院嘅甄選水平","獲相關體育總會推薦加入梯隊或運動員獎學金計劃","達到運動員獎學金計劃嘅基本要求，並持續維持計劃所要求嘅表現","具備應付高強度訓練同國際賽事嘅體能、技術同心理質素","願意投入長期全職訓練，並兼顧學業或職業發展（雙軌發展）"],"entryEn":["Reaching the selection standard of the sports association and the HKSI in the relevant sport","Being recommended by the relevant sports association for a squad or the Sports Scholarship Scheme","Meeting the basic requirements of the Sports Scholarship Scheme and sustaining the performance it requires","The fitness, technique and mental qualities to handle high-intensity training and international competition","A willingness to commit to long-term full-time training while pursuing study or career development (dual-track development)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由體育總會梯隊到體院獎學金運動員","titleEn":"From association squad to HKSI scholarship athlete","stepsZh":["在學校或地區接受基礎訓練，展現運動潛質","獲選入相關體育總會嘅梯隊同訓練計劃","達到運動員獎學金計劃嘅基本要求，經總會推薦成為體院獎學金運動員","持續參加本地及海外比賽，提升表現同級別","透過夥伴學校或大學計劃兼顧學業，為退役轉型鋪路"],"stepsEn":["Build basic training and show sporting potential at school or district level","Be selected into the relevant sports association's squad and training programme","Meet the Sports Scholarship Scheme's basic requirements and be recommended by the association as an HKSI scholarship athlete","Keep competing locally and overseas to raise performance and grade","Study through a partner school or university scheme to prepare for transition after retirement"],"sourceIds":["careers-professional-athlete-1","careers-professional-athlete-2","careers-professional-athlete-3"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"青少年隊／見習運動員","titleEn":"Junior squad / developing athlete"},{"titleZh":"青少年獎學金運動員","titleEn":"Junior scholarship athlete"},{"titleZh":"精英獎學金運動員","titleEn":"Elite scholarship athlete"},{"titleZh":"精英甲＋／代表隊成員","titleEn":"Elite A+ / representative squad member"},{"titleZh":"退役轉型（教練、體育行政等）","titleEn":"Post-retirement transition (coach, sports administration, etc.)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"青少年隊／見習運動員","titleEn":"Junior squad / developing athlete"},{"titleZh":"青少年獎學金運動員","titleEn":"Junior scholarship athlete"},{"titleZh":"精英獎學金運動員","titleEn":"Elite scholarship athlete"},{"titleZh":"精英甲＋／代表隊成員","titleEn":"Elite A+ / representative squad member"},{"titleZh":"退役轉型（教練、體育行政等）","titleEn":"Post-retirement transition (coach, sports administration, etc.)"}],"sourceIds":["careers-professional-athlete-1","careers-professional-athlete-2","careers-professional-athlete-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"property-manager","titleZh":"物業管理主任","titleEn":"Property management officer","industryZh":"物業及環境服務","industryEn":"Property & environmental services","sectorId":"property","ledeZh":"物業管理主任負責屋苑或商廈日常運作：監督保安、清潔同維修承辦商，跟進工程同管理費預算。入行關卡係法定發牌，第626章規定提供物業管理服務嘅個人須領取物業管理人牌照。","ledeEn":"A property management officer runs the daily operation of an estate or commercial building: supervising security, cleaning and maintenance contractors, following up works and the management budget. The gate is statutory licensing: under the Property Management Services Ordinance (Cap. 626), individuals providing property management services must hold a property management practitioner licence.","bodyZh":"物業管理主任嘅工作好貼身：要統籌屋苑或商廈嘅保安、清潔、園藝同維修保養，跟進承辦商嘅表現，處理業戶嘅投訴同緊急事故，例如水管爆裂、升降機故障或颱風前後嘅安排。佢哋亦要編製同控制管理費預算、準備業主立案法團或業主委員會嘅會議文件，並確保各項工程同服務符合法例同合約要求。呢份工要對人又要對事，溝通、應變同文件工夫缺一不可。\n\n入行關卡係法定發牌制度。《物業管理服務條例》（第626章）下，物業管理業監管局負責發牌同監管。發牌制度已於2020年8月1日實施，並設有三年過渡期；自2023年8月1日過渡期完結後，物業管理公司同相關物業管理人如無牌提供物業管理服務，即屬違法。\n\n物業管理人牌照分兩級。第1級牌照要求持有人具備相關學士學位或以上學歷、相關物業管理工作經驗，並須持有認可專業團體嘅會員資格；第2級牌照則要求副學士、文憑或以上學歷，加上相關工作經驗。過渡期內，未符學歷或專業資格但有相關經驗嘅從業員，可申請臨時物業管理人牌照，完成監管局指明課程後可轉為正式牌照。\n\n職業階梯清晰：持指明物業管理學歷嘅畢業生可由物業管理主任起步，累積經驗後申領第2級牌照；再進修、考取專業團體會員資格並累積經驗，就可申領第1級牌照，晉升為中、高級物業管理人員。","bodyEn":"A property management officer's work is hands-on: coordinating security, cleaning, landscaping and maintenance at an estate or commercial building, monitoring contractor performance, and handling residents' complaints and emergencies such as burst pipes, lift breakdowns or typhoon preparations. Officers also prepare and control the management budget, draft papers for an owners' corporation or committee, and make sure works and services comply with the law and contracts. The role deals with both people and tasks, and demands communication, problem-solving and paperwork in equal measure.\n\nThe gate is a statutory licensing regime. Under the Property Management Services Ordinance (Cap. 626), the Property Management Services Authority licenses and regulates the sector. The regime took effect on 1 August 2020 with a three-year transition period; after the transition ended on 1 August 2023, a property management company or practitioner providing services without a licence commits an offence.\n\nPractitioner licences come in two tiers. A Tier 1 licence requires a relevant bachelor's degree or above, relevant property management experience, and membership of a recognised professional body; a Tier 2 licence requires an associate degree, diploma or above plus relevant experience. During the transition, practitioners with relevant experience but without the required academic or professional qualifications could apply for a provisional practitioner licence and convert to a full licence after completing an Authority-specified course.\n\nThe career ladder is clear: a graduate of a specified property management programme can start as a property management officer, gain experience and apply for a Tier 2 licence; with further study, professional body membership and experience, they can apply for a Tier 1 licence and advance into middle and senior management.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：屋苑大小事務一手包","titleEn":"The job: running the estate day to day","bodyZh":"物業管理主任每日要巡樓、跟進維修同清潔，檢查公共設施，處理住戶嘅查詢同投訴，並統籌保安、清潔同維修承辦商嘅工作。佢哋要預備法團會議文件、控制管理費嘅收支預算，同喺颱風、暴雨等緊急情況下落實應變安排。呢個崗位要同時面對住戶、承辦商、法團同監管要求，溝通、紀錄同應變能力都係日常所需。","bodyEn":"A property management officer patrols the building and follows up maintenance and cleaning daily, checks communal facilities, handles residents' enquiries and complaints, and coordinates the work of security, cleaning and maintenance contractors. They prepare owners' corporation meeting papers, control the management fee budget, and put emergency arrangements in place during typhoons, rainstorms and other incidents. When a lift breaks down or a pipe bursts, they coordinate urgent repairs, inform residents and keep a written record for follow-up. The role faces residents, contractors, the owners' corporation and regulators at once, so communication, record-keeping and quick thinking are everyday requirements."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：第626章發牌制度","titleEn":"The gate: licensing under Cap. 626","bodyZh":"物業管理服務受法定發牌規管。《物業管理服務條例》（第626章）設立物業管理業監管局，規管物業管理公司同從業員。發牌制度2020年8月1日實施，並設三年過渡期；2023年8月1日過渡期完結後，無牌提供物業管理服務即屬違法。業主或業主組織免費為自己物業提供管理意見，一般唔屬須領牌嘅情況，但受僱提供物業管理服務嘅管理同監督人員，就要按制度領牌。","bodyEn":"Property management services are subject to statutory licensing. The Property Management Services Ordinance (Cap. 626) established the Property Management Services Authority to regulate companies and practitioners. The licensing regime took effect on 1 August 2020 with a three-year transition, and from 1 August 2023 providing property management services without a licence is an offence. Owners or owners' organisations giving free advice on managing their own property are generally not caught, but employed staff in managerial and supervisory roles who provide property management services must be licensed."},{"titleZh":"兩級牌照同職業階梯","titleEn":"Two licence tiers and the career ladder","bodyZh":"物業管理人牌照分第1級同第2級。第1級要求相關學士學位或以上學歷、相關工作經驗，以及認可專業團體嘅會員資格；第2級要求副學士、文憑或以上學歷加上相關經驗。持有監管局指明物業管理副學士或文憑嘅畢業生，在持第1級牌照人士監督下累積一年經驗，便可申請第2級牌照；再進修、取得專業團體會籍並累積經驗，便可申領第1級牌照。","bodyEn":"Practitioner licences come in Tier 1 and Tier 2. Tier 1 requires a relevant bachelor's degree or above, relevant experience, and membership of a recognised professional body; Tier 2 requires an associate degree, diploma or above plus relevant experience. A graduate holding a specified property management associate degree or diploma can apply for a Tier 2 licence after one year of experience under the supervision of a Tier 1 licence holder, and with further study, professional body membership and experience can apply for a Tier 1 licence."}],"payBasisZh":"物業管理主任一般受僱於物業管理公司，薪酬由僱主按公司薪酬架構、物業類型同規模、經驗同所持牌照級別自行釐定，並非公務員或法定薪級；若受僱於政府或公營機構，則跟隨該機構嘅相關薪級。本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"A property management officer is usually employed by a property management company, and pay is set by the employer according to the company's pay structure, the type and scale of the property, experience and the licence tier held, rather than by any civil-service or statutory pay scale; those employed by the government or public bodies follow that body's relevant pay scale. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["持有物業管理業監管局指明嘅學歷（第2級為副學士／文憑或以上；第1級為學士或以上）","累積相關物業管理工作經驗（第2級一般須在持第1級牌照人士監督下累積所需經驗）","向物業管理業監管局申領物業管理人牌照（第1級或第2級）","申領第1級牌照者另須持有監管局認可專業團體嘅會員資格","過渡期內未符學歷或專業資格但具經驗者可先領臨時牌照，完成指明課程後轉為正式牌照"],"entryEn":["Academic qualifications specified by the Property Management Services Authority (associate degree or diploma and above for Tier 2; bachelor's degree and above for Tier 1)","Relevant property management work experience (for Tier 2, generally accumulated under the supervision of a Tier 1 licence holder)","A property management practitioner licence (Tier 1 or Tier 2) applied for from the Property Management Services Authority","For a Tier 1 licence, membership of a professional body recognised by the Authority","During the transition, experienced staff without the required academic or professional qualifications could hold a provisional licence and convert after a specified course"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由物管課程到持牌管理人員","titleEn":"From a property management course to a licensed officer","stepsZh":["修讀物業管理業監管局指明嘅物業管理或同等學歷課程","入職物業管理公司，由物業管理主任起步","累積相關經驗，申領物業管理人（第2級）牌照","持續進修並取得認可專業團體會員資格","申領物業管理人（第1級）牌照，晉升中、高級管理"],"stepsEn":["Study a property management or equivalent programme specified by the Property Management Services Authority","Join a property management company and start as a property management officer","Build relevant experience and apply for a Tier 2 property management practitioner licence","Continue studying and obtain membership of a recognised professional body","Apply for a Tier 1 practitioner licence and advance into middle and senior management"],"sourceIds":["careers-property-manager-1","careers-property-manager-2","careers-property-manager-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"物業管理助理／主任","titleEn":"Property management assistant / officer"},{"titleZh":"物業管理主任（持第2級牌照）","titleEn":"Property management officer (Tier 2 licence)"},{"titleZh":"高級物業管理主任","titleEn":"Senior property management officer"},{"titleZh":"物業經理（持第1級牌照）","titleEn":"Property manager (Tier 1 licence)"},{"titleZh":"物業及設施管理總經理","titleEn":"General manager, property and facility management"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"物業管理助理／主任","titleEn":"Property management assistant / officer"},{"titleZh":"物業管理主任（持第2級牌照）","titleEn":"Property management officer (Tier 2 licence)"},{"titleZh":"高級物業管理主任","titleEn":"Senior property management officer"},{"titleZh":"物業經理（持第1級牌照）","titleEn":"Property manager (Tier 1 licence)"},{"titleZh":"物業及設施管理總經理","titleEn":"General manager, property and facility management"}],"sourceIds":["careers-property-manager-1","careers-property-manager-2","careers-property-manager-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"quantity-surveyor","titleZh":"工料測量師","titleEn":"Quantity surveyor","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"工料測量師計算工程量、編製標書同預算，評估工程變更同索償，並在完工時結算。入行要取得香港測量師學會認可學歷，成為見習測量師，再通過專業評核試同最少24個月訓練。","ledeEn":"Quantity surveyors measure quantities, prepare tender documents and budgets, assess variations and claims, and settle the final account at completion. Entry requires a recognised Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors academic qualification, then joining as a probationer and passing the professional assessment and at least 24 months of training.","bodyZh":"工料測量師嘅核心工作，係喺工程項目裏面管好造價同合約。項目開始前，佢哋要估算造價、編製工程量清單同標書文件，協助僱主評標；施工期間要定期計量已完成嘅工程、評估變更同計算索償，控制成本；完工時就要做最終結算。除咗數字，仲要熟悉合約條款、建築程序同相關法例，先至可以準確判斷造價同風險。\n\n入行關卡係「學歷加專業評核」。香港測量師學會嘅工料測量組設有專業評核試計劃：申請人先要取得學會認可嘅學歷，然後加入學會成為見習測量師，並參加工料測量組嘅專業評核試；視乎組別要求，見習測量師須通過為期最少24個月嘅訓練同其他相關評估，入會申請先會獲考慮。可見呢個職業嘅門檻，係學歷、實習訓練同專業評核三者結合。\n\n完成訓練同評核、成為學會專業會員（MHKIS）後，仲可以按《測量師註冊條例》（第417章）向測量師註冊管理局申請註冊，成為註冊專業測量師。學會亦同多個海外專業學會簽訂互認協議，方便具備相應資歷嘅測量師跨境執業。\n\n出路方面，工料測量師可受僱於工料測量顧問公司、承建商、地產發展商，或政府同公營機構嘅工程部門，亦可自行執業。累積經驗同資歷後，可晉升為高級、首席測量師，甚至成為公司合夥人或董事。","bodyEn":"A quantity surveyor's core job is managing cost and contracts on a construction project. Before work starts, they estimate cost, prepare bills of quantities and tender documents, and help the employer evaluate bids; during construction they measure completed work periodically, assess variations and value claims to control cost; and at completion they prepare the final account. Beyond numbers, they need to know contract terms, construction procedures and the relevant law to judge cost and risk accurately.\n\nThe gate is academic qualification plus professional assessment. The quantity surveying division of the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors runs a professional assessment scheme: an applicant must first obtain a recognised academic qualification, then join the institute as a probationer and take the division's professional assessment; depending on the division's requirements, a probationer must complete at least 24 months of training and other assessments before membership is considered. The threshold is therefore a combination of qualification, practical training and professional assessment.\n\nAfter completing training and assessment and becoming a professional member (MHKIS), a surveyor may apply to the Surveyors Registration Board for registration under the Surveyors Registration Ordinance (Cap. 417) to become a registered professional surveyor. The institute also holds mutual recognition agreements with several overseas professional bodies, easing cross-border practice for suitably qualified surveyors.\n\nIn terms of prospects, quantity surveyors may work for quantity surveying consultancies, contractors, property developers, or the works departments of the government and public bodies, and may also practise independently. With experience and qualifications they can rise to senior and chief surveyor, or become a partner or director.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：造價、合約同結算","titleEn":"The job: cost, contracts and final accounts","bodyZh":"工料測量師喺項目唔同階段做唔同嘅事：投標前計量同估價、編製標書；施工期間逐月計量同評核承辦商嘅進度款、處理變更同索償；完工後做最終結算同合約結尾。佢哋亦要為業主或承建商做成本預測同風險評估，同其他專業（建築師、工程師）協調。工作時間表跟隨項目周期，旺季可能要趕標書同結算，講求細心、數字敏感同合約知識。","bodyEn":"A quantity surveyor does different work at each stage of a project: measurement and estimating before tender, and preparing tender documents; monthly measurement and assessment of a contractor's progress payments, dealing with variations and claims during construction; and the final account and contract close-out at completion. They also carry out cost forecasts and risk assessments for employers or contractors and coordinate with other professionals such as architects and engineers. The timetable follows the project cycle, and peak periods may mean pushing to finish tenders and accounts, so care, a feel for numbers and contract knowledge all matter."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：認可學歷加專業評核試","titleEn":"The gate: a recognised qualification plus the professional assessment","bodyZh":"要成為專業工料測量師，一般要經香港測量師學會嘅專業評核試計劃。申請人須先取得學會認可嘅學歷，然後加入學會成為見習測量師，並參加所屬組別（例如工料測量）嘅專業評核試；視乎組別要求，見習測量師須通過最少24個月嘅訓練同其他評估，入會申請先會獲考慮。換句話講，單有學位並不足夠，仲要有認可嘅實習訓練同通過評核。","bodyEn":"To become a professional quantity surveyor, a candidate normally goes through the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors' professional assessment scheme. The applicant must first obtain a recognised academic qualification, then join the institute as a probationer and take the professional assessment of the relevant division, such as quantity surveying; depending on the division's requirements, a probationer must complete at least 24 months of training and other assessments before membership is considered. A degree alone is therefore not enough: recognised practical training and passing the assessment are also required."},{"titleZh":"專業註冊同國際互認","titleEn":"Professional registration and mutual recognition","bodyZh":"成為學會專業會員後，工料測量師可向測量師註冊管理局申請註冊。《測量師註冊條例》（第417章）為專業測量師嘅註冊、組別認可同紀律監管提供法律基礎，註冊後可使用「註冊專業測量師」嘅名銜。香港測量師學會亦同澳洲、新西蘭、新加坡、內地、日本同加拿大等地嘅專業學會簽訂互認協議，方便合資格測量師喺唔同市場執業。","bodyEn":"After becoming a professional member, a quantity surveyor may apply to the Surveyors Registration Board for registration. The Surveyors Registration Ordinance (Cap. 417) provides the legal basis for registering professional surveyors, recognising divisions and disciplining the profession, and registered surveyors may use the title \"registered professional surveyor\". The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors also holds mutual recognition agreements with professional bodies in places such as Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, the mainland, Japan and Canada, helping qualified surveyors practise across markets."}],"payBasisZh":"工料測量師受僱於工料測量顧問公司、承建商、地產發展商或政府／公營機構，亦可自行執業。薪酬由僱主按公司薪酬架構、專業資格（學會會籍、註冊身分）、經驗同項目規模釐定；任職政府者跟隨公務員相關薪級。本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Quantity surveyors work for quantity surveying consultancies, contractors, property developers or the government and public bodies, and may also practise independently. Pay is set by the employer according to the company's pay structure, professional qualifications such as institute membership and registered status, experience and project scale; those in government service follow the relevant civil-service pay scales. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["取得香港測量師學會認可嘅工料測量或相關學位（或同等學歷）","加入香港測量師學會成為見習測量師","完成所屬組別嘅專業評核試，以及最少24個月認可訓練同相關評估","通過評核後可申請成為學會專業會員（MHKIS）","可按《測量師註冊條例》（第417章）向測量師註冊管理局申請註冊"],"entryEn":["A quantity surveying or related degree recognised by the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors (or an equivalent qualification)","Joining the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors as a probationer","Completing the professional assessment of the relevant division, plus at least 24 months of recognised training and related assessments","After passing the assessment, applying to become a professional member (MHKIS)","Applying to the Surveyors Registration Board for registration under the Surveyors Registration Ordinance (Cap. 417)"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由認可學位到註冊專業測量師","titleEn":"From a recognised degree to registered professional surveyor","stepsZh":["修讀香港測量師學會認可嘅測量／工料測量學位課程","加入學會成為見習測量師，並在顧問公司或承建商工作","累積最少24個月認可訓練，參加所屬組別嘅專業評核試","通過評核並成為學會專業會員（MHKIS）","向測量師註冊管理局申請註冊，或按互認協議到海外執業"],"stepsEn":["Study a surveying or quantity surveying degree recognised by the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors","Join the institute as a probationer and work at a consultancy or contractor","Complete at least 24 months of recognised training and take the division's professional assessment","Pass the assessment and become a professional member (MHKIS)","Apply to the Surveyors Registration Board for registration, or practise overseas under a mutual recognition agreement"],"sourceIds":["careers-quantity-surveyor-1","careers-quantity-surveyor-2","careers-quantity-surveyor-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習測量師","titleEn":"Probationer surveyor"},{"titleZh":"工料測量師／專業會員（MHKIS）","titleEn":"Quantity surveyor / professional member (MHKIS)"},{"titleZh":"高級工料測量師","titleEn":"Senior quantity surveyor"},{"titleZh":"首席／項目測量師","titleEn":"Chief / project quantity surveyor"},{"titleZh":"資深專業會員（FHKIS）／合夥人","titleEn":"Fellow (FHKIS) / partner"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習測量師","titleEn":"Probationer surveyor"},{"titleZh":"工料測量師／專業會員（MHKIS）","titleEn":"Quantity surveyor / professional member (MHKIS)"},{"titleZh":"高級工料測量師","titleEn":"Senior quantity surveyor"},{"titleZh":"首席／項目測量師","titleEn":"Chief / project quantity surveyor"},{"titleZh":"資深專業會員（FHKIS）／合夥人","titleEn":"Fellow (FHKIS) / partner"}],"sourceIds":["careers-quantity-surveyor-1","careers-quantity-surveyor-2","careers-quantity-surveyor-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"radiographer","titleZh":"放射技師","titleEn":"Radiographer","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","ledeZh":"放射技師操作 X 光、電腦掃描、磁力共振等設備，為病人拍攝診斷影像；放射治療部門嘅技師則協助定位同治療，並注意輻射安全同影像質素。入行關卡係法定註冊：須向輔助醫療業管理局註冊。","ledeEn":"Radiographers operate X-ray, CT and MRI equipment to produce diagnostic images; those in radiotherapy departments assist with positioning and treatment, with attention to radiation safety and image quality. The gate is statutory registration: under the Allied Health Professions Ordinance (Cap. 359), a radiographer must register with the Allied Health Professions Council.","bodyZh":"放射技師嘅工作圍住「影像」同「安全」。佢哋操作 X 光機、電腦掃描（CT）、磁力共振（MRI）等影像設備，為病人拍攝診斷影像，並因應檢查部位調整病人姿勢同儀器參數，力求影像清晰可用。放射治療部門嘅放射技師就要協助病人定位，配合治療團隊完成放射治療。無論邊個崗位，都要嚴格遵守輻射防護原則，控制照射範圍同劑量，保護病人、同事同自己。\n\n入行關卡係法定註冊。《輔助醫療業條例》（第359章）規管多個輔助醫療專業，放射技師須向輔助醫療業管理局（放射技師管理委員會）註冊。條例第12(1)(a)條列出嘅註冊資格，包括香港理工大學（或其前身香港理工學院）頒授嘅放射學理科學士學位，以及規例訂明嘅其他較早期資歷；此外，通過管理委員會按條例第15A條舉辦嘅考試亦可符合資格。\n\n持有非本地學歷嘅申請人，可按第12(1)(b)條嘅評審準則申請註冊，有關準則自2023年2月1日起生效。申請人須在資格頒授地持有現行註冊，學歷一般須達理學士（榮譽）或以上程度，並符合指定地區（例如澳洲、加拿大、英國等）嘅認可要求。放射技師亦分診斷同治療兩個類別，註冊時要對應所屬類別。\n\n就業方面，放射技師主要受僱於醫院管理局、私家醫院、診所同醫療集團，亦有部分在學術或研究機構任職。近年影像技術同人工智能輔助診斷發展迅速，從業員須持續進修，掌握新設備同新技術。","bodyEn":"A radiographer's work centres on images and safety. They operate X-ray, CT and MRI equipment to produce diagnostic images, adjusting patient positioning and machine settings so the image is clear and usable. Radiographers in radiotherapy departments help position patients and work with the treatment team to deliver radiotherapy. In every post, radiation protection principles must be followed strictly, controlling the field and dose to protect patients, colleagues and themselves.\n\nThe gate is statutory registration. The Allied Health Professions Ordinance (Cap. 359) regulates several allied health professions, and radiographers must register with the Allied Health Professions Council through the Radiographers Board. The registration qualifications listed in section 12(1)(a) include a Bachelor of Science degree in radiography awarded by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University or its predecessor, The Hong Kong Polytechnic, and other earlier qualifications prescribed by the regulation; passing an examination held by the Board under section 15A also qualifies.\n\nApplicants with non-local qualifications may apply under the assessment criteria of section 12(1)(b), which took effect on 1 February 2023. An applicant must hold a current registration in the jurisdiction where the qualification was conferred, and the qualification should generally be at honours degree level or above and meet the recognition requirements of specified places such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. Radiographers are also divided into diagnostic and therapeutic categories, and registration is tied to the relevant category.\n\nIn employment, radiographers work mainly for the Hospital Authority, private hospitals, clinics and medical groups, with some in academic or research institutions. As imaging technology and AI-assisted diagnosis advance quickly, practitioners must keep learning to master new equipment and techniques.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：影像、輻射安全同病人照顧","titleEn":"The job: imaging, radiation safety and patient care","bodyZh":"放射技師每日為唔同病人做檢查，由登記、核對身份、解釋程序，到擺位、曝露、處理影像同存檔，一氣呵成。佢哋要按檢查類型調整儀器參數，確保影像質素，又要顧及病人嘅舒適同安全。影像部門通常分診斷同治療兩邊：診斷側重拍攝同分析影像，治療側重定位同配合放射治療。無論邊邊，輻射防護同記錄都係日常工作嘅一部分，亦要同醫生、護士同其他專職醫療人員合作。","bodyEn":"Radiographers examine different patients each day, from registration and identity checks, explaining the procedure, to positioning, exposure, image processing and archiving in one flow. They adjust machine settings to the type of examination to ensure image quality while looking after the patient's comfort and safety. Imaging departments usually split into diagnostic and therapeutic sides: diagnosis focuses on producing and interpreting images, while therapy focuses on positioning and supporting radiotherapy. In both, radiation protection and record-keeping are part of daily work, and radiographers cooperate with doctors, nurses and other allied health staff."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：第359章註冊制度","titleEn":"The gate: the registration regime under Cap. 359","bodyZh":"放射技師係受法定註冊規管嘅專業。《輔助醫療業條例》（第359章）規管多個輔助醫療專業，放射技師須向輔助醫療業管理局註冊。條例第12(1)(a)條列出嘅註冊資格，包括香港理工大學（或其前身香港理工學院）頒授嘅放射學理科學士學位，以及規例訂明嘅其他較早期資歷；另外，通過管理委員會按條例第15A條舉辦嘅考試亦符合資格。冇註冊就唔可以執業，係一條清晰嘅法定界線。","bodyEn":"Radiography is a profession under statutory registration. The Allied Health Professions Ordinance (Cap. 359) regulates several allied health professions, and radiographers must register with the Allied Health Professions Council. The qualifications listed in section 12(1)(a) include a Bachelor of Science degree in radiography awarded by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (or its predecessor, The Hong Kong Polytechnic) and other earlier qualifications prescribed by the regulation; passing an examination held by the Board under section 15A also qualifies. Without registration a person cannot practise: that is a clear statutory line."},{"titleZh":"非本地學歷同專業分類","titleEn":"Non-local qualifications and professional categories","bodyZh":"持有非本地學歷嘅人士，可按條例第12(1)(b)條嘅評審準則申請註冊，準則自2023年2月1日起生效。申請人須在資格頒授地持有現行註冊，學歷一般須達理學士（榮譽）或以上程度，並符合指定地區（例如澳洲、加拿大、英國、瑞士等）嘅認可要求。放射技師亦分診斷同治療兩個類別，註冊同執業範圍都對應所屬類別，申請人要按自己嘅資歷同經驗對號入座。","bodyEn":"People holding non-local qualifications may apply for registration under the assessment criteria of section 12(1)(b), which took effect on 1 February 2023. An applicant must hold a current registration in the jurisdiction where the qualification was conferred; the qualification should generally be at honours degree level or above; and it must meet the recognition requirements of specified places such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and Switzerland. Radiographers are also divided into diagnostic and therapeutic categories, with registration and scope of practice tied to the relevant category, so applicants match their qualifications and experience to the right one."}],"payBasisZh":"放射技師主要受僱於醫院管理局、私家醫院、診所同醫療集團。在醫管局或政府任職者，薪酬按該機構嘅相關薪級釐定；私家市場則由僱主按公司薪酬架構、經驗、專長（診斷或治療）同班次自行釐定。本站唔列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Radiographers work mainly for the Hospital Authority, private hospitals, clinics and medical groups. Those in the Hospital Authority or government are paid according to that body's relevant pay scale; in the private market, pay is set by the employer according to the company's pay structure, experience, specialism (diagnostic or therapeutic) and shift pattern. This site does not state figures.","entryZh":["持有香港理工大學放射學理科學士學位，或其他規例訂明嘅註冊資格","向輔助醫療業管理局（放射技師管理委員會）註冊","通過管理委員會按條例第15A條舉辦嘅考試（如適用）","非本地學歷申請人須在資格頒授地持有現行註冊，並符合相關評審準則","非本地學歷一般須達理學士（榮譽）或以上程度"],"entryEn":["A Bachelor of Science degree in radiography from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, or another qualification prescribed by the regulation","Registration with the Allied Health Professions Council through the Radiographers Board","Passing an examination held by the Board under section 15A of the Ordinance (where applicable)","Non-local qualification applicants must hold a current registration in the jurisdiction where the qualification was conferred and meet the relevant assessment criteria","Non-local qualifications should generally be at honours degree level or above"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"由放射學學位到註冊放射技師","titleEn":"From a radiography degree to registered radiographer","stepsZh":["修讀香港理工大學放射學理科學士課程","取得訂明嘅放射學學歷","向放射技師管理委員會申請註冊","註冊後在醫院嘅診斷或治療部門執業","持續進修，掌握新影像技術同設備"],"stepsEn":["Study the Bachelor of Science in Radiography at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","Obtain the prescribed radiography qualification","Apply to the Radiographers Board for registration","Practise in a hospital's diagnostic or therapeutic department after registration","Keep learning to master new imaging techniques and equipment"],"sourceIds":["careers-radiographer-1"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"放射技師（註冊）","titleEn":"Radiographer (registered)"},{"titleZh":"高級放射技師","titleEn":"Senior radiographer"},{"titleZh":"資深放射技師／部門主管","titleEn":"Advanced radiographer / department head"},{"titleZh":"放射科／放射治療部經理","titleEn":"Radiology / radiotherapy department manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"放射技師（註冊）","titleEn":"Radiographer (registered)"},{"titleZh":"高級放射技師","titleEn":"Senior radiographer"},{"titleZh":"資深放射技師／部門主管","titleEn":"Advanced radiographer / department head"},{"titleZh":"放射科／放射治療部經理","titleEn":"Radiology / radiotherapy department manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-radiographer-1","careers-radiographer-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"refrigeration-technician","titleZh":"製冷及空調技工","titleEn":"Refrigeration and air-conditioning technician","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"製冷及空調技工安裝、保養同維修冷氣、雪櫃同通風設備，要檢查壓縮機、加雪種同試漏。香港冇單一法定牌照，關卡係建造業議會工藝測試同指定工種註冊，做電力控制亦受機電工程署規管。","ledeEn":"Refrigeration and air-conditioning technicians install, service and repair chillers, fridges and ventilation equipment, checking compressors, charging refrigerant and tracing leaks. There is no single statutory licence: the gateways are Construction Industry Council trade tests and designated-trade registration, while electrical control work also falls under EMSD rules.","bodyZh":"呢個工種嘅工作圍繞冷凍循環嘅四大件：壓縮機、冷凝器、膨脹閥同蒸發器。安裝新機時要按圖則鋪設銅管、抽真空、加雪種同調校冷媒流量；保養時要清洗盤管、量度雪種壓力同運行電流、計算過熱度同過冷度，藉此判斷系統有無洩漏、堵塞或壓縮機損耗。遇上唔凍、漏水或噪音大等投訴，就要有系統咁排查，可能係雪種不足、去水盤淤塞、控制板失靈，甚至係供電問題。香港氣候濕熱，冷氣全年高用量，旺季師傅經常要趕工同輪更，戶外機組、天台機房同商場管道都係常見工作環境。\n\n關卡方面，香港冇一個叫製冷及空調技工嘅單一法定牌照，行內認受性最高嘅技術憑證，係建造業議會嘅機電工藝測試。冷氣工程分咗多個工種，例如空調製冷設備技工（電力控制）、（獨立系統）、（送風系統）同（水系統）等，各自考核裝配、安裝、試動、保養同維修嘅實務技能，另設筆試考安全同技術知識。另一個常見入口係學徒訓練：職業訓練局嘅冷凝及空調業學徒訓練計劃安排學員半工半讀，完成後可向機電工程署申請成為註冊電業工程人員，亦可向建造業工人註冊管理局申請註冊為相關指定工種嘅熟練技工。\n\n要特別留意，凡涉及固定電力裝置嘅電力控制工序，都受《電力條例》規管，必須由機電工程署註冊嘅電業工程人員進行，唔可以無牌施工。地盤層面上，建造業議會同屋宇署推行指定工種同適任技術人員制度，工人要註冊為相關工種嘅熟練或半熟練技工，先可以在指定工序施工。想入行嘅人，一般先讀機電或屋宇裝備課程，再考工藝測試，之後經僱主累積經驗，逐步做到獨立維修或帶隊主管。","bodyEn":"Refrigeration and air-conditioning technicians work around the four core parts of the refrigeration cycle: the compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator. On installation they run copper pipework, pull a vacuum, charge refrigerant and set flow rates; on servicing they clean coils, measure refrigerant pressures and running current, and check superheat and subcooling to judge whether a system is leaking, blocked or wearing out. Complaints of warm air, water leaks or noise call for systematic fault-finding that may point to low refrigerant, a blocked drain, a failed control board or a power-supply problem. Hong Kong's hot, humid climate keeps air-conditioning in near year-round use, so peak season means rush jobs and shift work, often on rooftops, in plant rooms or inside mall ducting.\n\nThere is no single statutory licence called refrigeration technician. The most respected technical credential is a Construction Industry Council electrical and mechanical trade test; the air-conditioning field is split into trades such as air-conditioning mechanic (electrical control), (independent systems), (air supply systems) and (water systems), each testing practical assembly, installation, commissioning, servicing and repair plus a safety and technical knowledge paper. Another common entry point is apprenticeship: the Vocational Training Council's refrigeration and air-conditioning apprenticeship lets trainees earn and learn, and on completion they may apply to register as an electrical worker with the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department or as a registered skilled worker in a relevant designated trade.\n\nNote that electrical control work on fixed electrical installations is governed by the Electricity Ordinance and must be carried out by an EMSD-registered electrical worker. On sites, the Construction Industry Council and the Buildings Department run designated-trade and competent-technical-person regimes, so workers must be registered as skilled or semi-skilled workers for the relevant trade to perform designated operations. Typical entry is to study an electrical or building-services course, sit the trade test, then build experience with an employer towards independent servicing or supervisory roles.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：由雪種壓力到控制板","titleEn":"The job: from refrigerant pressure to control boards","bodyZh":"技工每日面對嘅係一套又一套冷凍系統。安裝時，佢哋要按負荷選機、鋪銅管、做保溫、抽真空同加雪種；保養時要清洗冷凝器同蒸發器盤管、檢查去水同保溫、量度壓力同電流。診斷故障最考功夫：系統唔凍可能係雪種洩漏，亦可能係冷凝器散熱差、膨脹閥堵塞、壓縮機老化或控制電路問題。佢哋要識用壓力錶、鉗錶同溫度計互相印證，先可以準確判斷。工作環境多變，由工廈機房、商場風櫃房到住宅外牆機組都有，旺季工時長，亦要輪更同候命。","bodyEn":"A technician meets one refrigeration system after another. On installation they select equipment by load, run copper pipework, apply insulation, pull a vacuum and charge refrigerant; on servicing they clean condenser and evaporator coils, check drains and insulation, and measure pressures and current. Diagnosis is the hardest part: a system that will not cool may be low on refrigerant, but could equally reflect poor condenser heat rejection, a blocked expansion valve, a worn compressor or a control-circuit fault. Technicians cross-check with pressure gauges, clamp meters and thermometers before drawing conclusions. Work settings vary from factory plant rooms and mall air-handling rooms to rooftop units, with long hours and shift or standby duties in peak season."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：工藝測試同學徒訓練","titleEn":"The gate: trade tests and apprenticeship","bodyZh":"香港對製冷及空調技工並無單一發牌制度，入行憑證主要係建造業議會嘅機電工藝測試。冷氣工程設有多個工種，涵蓋電力控制、獨立系統、送風系統同水系統，考核內容包括裝配、安裝、試動、保養同維修，另設筆試考安全同技術知識。另一個入口係學徒訓練，職業訓練局嘅冷凝及空調業學徒訓練計劃讓學員半工半讀，累積年資同實戰經驗。值得留意嘅係，凡涉及固定電力裝置嘅電力控制工作，都必須由機電工程署註冊嘅電業工程人員進行，呢個係《電力條例》嘅硬性要求。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no single licensing regime for refrigeration and air-conditioning technicians; the main credential is a Construction Industry Council electrical and mechanical trade test. The air-conditioning field covers several trades spanning electrical control, independent systems, air supply and water systems, assessed on assembly, installation, commissioning, servicing and repair, with a written paper on safety and technical knowledge. Apprenticeship is another route: the Vocational Training Council's refrigeration and air-conditioning apprenticeship combines work and study to build years and hands-on experience. Crucially, any electrical control work on fixed electrical installations must be carried out by an electrical worker registered with the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department, which is a hard requirement under the Electricity Ordinance."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"大型商場、寫字樓、數據中心、酒店同住宅都依賴中央冷氣同冷凍設備，加上節能同環保雪種要求趨嚴，對技術人員嘅需求相當穩定。地盤層面上，建造業議會同屋宇署推行指定工種同適任技術人員制度，從事指定工序嘅工人須註冊為相關工種嘅熟練或半熟練技工。出路方面，可由技工做到師傅，再晉升為技術員、維修主管甚至工程師；亦可專攻某類設備（如冷水機組或商用雪櫃）成為專科維修人員。想入行嘅人，宜先打好電學同機械基礎，再考工藝測試同累積現場經驗。","bodyEn":"Shopping malls, offices, data centres, hotels and homes all depend on central cooling and refrigeration, and tightening energy-efficiency and refrigerant rules keep demand for technicians steady. On sites, the Construction Industry Council and the Buildings Department operate designated-trade and competent-technical-person regimes, so workers doing designated operations must be registered as skilled or semi-skilled workers in the relevant trade. Career paths run from mechanic to master, then on to technician, maintenance supervisor or even engineer, and specialists can focus on particular equipment such as chillers or commercial refrigerators. Newcomers are best advised to build a solid electrical and mechanical foundation, pass the trade test and accumulate on-site experience."}],"payBasisZh":"製冷及空調技工多受僱於機電承建商、物業管理公司或設備保養公司，薪酬由僱主按工種、工藝測試資格、年資同更制自行釐定，並無劃一法定薪級；受僱於政府或公營機構嘅，則按所屬機構嘅薪級制度釐定。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"Refrigeration and air-conditioning technicians are mostly employed by electrical and mechanical contractors, property management firms or maintenance companies, and pay is set by the employer according to trade, trade-test qualification, seniority and shift pattern; there is no uniform statutory pay scale. Those employed by the Government or public bodies follow that organisation's own pay structure. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["完成機電、屋宇裝備或空調製冷相關課程（如職業訓練局課程）","通過建造業議會相關工種嘅機電工藝測試（如空調製冷設備技工）","如涉及固定電力裝置嘅電力控制工作，須為機電工程署註冊電業工程人員","在建造地盤從事指定工序者，須按《建造業工人註冊條例》註冊為相關工種技工","能閱讀圖則，並可接受輪更及戶外、高空工作"],"entryEn":["Completion of an electrical, building-services or air-conditioning and refrigeration programme (for example a Vocational Training Council course)","Passing the relevant Construction Industry Council trade test (such as air-conditioning and refrigeration mechanic)","Registration with the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department as an electrical worker where fixed electrical installation work is involved","Registration as a worker in the relevant trade under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance for designated operations on sites","Ability to read drawings and willingness to accept shift, outdoor and height work"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒訓練 → 工藝測試 → 註冊技工","titleEn":"Apprenticeship → trade test → registered worker","stepsZh":["參加職業訓練局冷凝及空調業學徒訓練計劃，半工半讀","累積實務經驗並完成訓練期","報考建造業議會相關冷氣工種嘅機電工藝測試","向建造業工人註冊管理局申請註冊為相關指定工種技工"],"stepsEn":["Join the Vocational Training Council refrigeration and air-conditioning apprenticeship and earn while learning","Build practical experience and complete the training period","Sit the relevant air-conditioning trade test held by the Construction Industry Council","Apply to the Construction Workers Registration Authority to register in the relevant designated trade"],"sourceIds":["careers-refrigeration-technician-3","careers-refrigeration-technician-1"]},{"titleZh":"相關課程 → 工藝測試 → 註冊電業工程人員","titleEn":"Relevant course → trade test → registered electrical worker","stepsZh":["修讀機電或屋宇裝備課程，打好電學基礎","考取建造業議會空調製冷設備技工（電力控制）工藝測試","累積電力控制相關工作經驗","向機電工程署申請註冊為電業工程人員（如 R 級電力工程）"],"stepsEn":["Study an electrical or building-services course to build a foundation in electrical theory","Pass the Construction Industry Council air-conditioning mechanic (electrical control) trade test","Accumulate experience in electrical control work","Apply to the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department for registration as an electrical worker"],"sourceIds":["careers-refrigeration-technician-1","careers-refrigeration-technician-2"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"空調製冷設備技工","titleEn":"Air-conditioning and refrigeration mechanic"},{"titleZh":"冷凝／空氣調節技工","titleEn":"Refrigeration / air-conditioning mechanic"},{"titleZh":"空調製冷技術員","titleEn":"Air-conditioning and refrigeration technician"},{"titleZh":"助理空調製冷工程師","titleEn":"Assistant air-conditioning and refrigeration engineer"},{"titleZh":"空調製冷工程師","titleEn":"Air-conditioning and refrigeration engineer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"空調製冷設備技工","titleEn":"Air-conditioning and refrigeration mechanic"},{"titleZh":"冷凝／空氣調節技工","titleEn":"Refrigeration / air-conditioning mechanic"},{"titleZh":"空調製冷技術員","titleEn":"Air-conditioning and refrigeration technician"},{"titleZh":"助理空調製冷工程師","titleEn":"Assistant air-conditioning and refrigeration engineer"},{"titleZh":"空調製冷工程師","titleEn":"Air-conditioning and refrigeration engineer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-refrigeration-technician-1","careers-refrigeration-technician-2","careers-refrigeration-technician-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"rope-access-technician","titleZh":"繩索技術員（外牆工作）","titleEn":"Rope access technician","industryZh":"物業及環境服務","industryEn":"Property & environmental services","sectorId":"property","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"ledeZh":"繩索技術員靠繩索系統喺大廈外牆做檢查、維修、換玻璃同招牌工程，包括游繩、設置防墮裝置同地面協調。香港並無繩索作業專用法定牌照，入行關卡係認可繩索訓練加高空工作安全資格。","ledeEn":"Rope access technicians work on building facades from rope systems, carrying out inspection, repair, glazing and signage work, including descending, rigging fall protection and coordinating with the ground team. Hong Kong has no dedicated statutory licence for rope access: the gateways are recognised rope-access training plus working-at-height safety qualifications.","bodyZh":"繩索技術員嘅工作，係用繩索同防墮系統代替棚架，喺大廈外牆、天井、幕牆同大型招牌上做檢查、維修、打膠、換玻璃同安裝工程。開工前要揀選穩固嘅繫穩點、設置主繩同安全繩、檢查安全吊帶同行繩器，並同地面同事協調封路或設置警戒區；工作期間要靠繩結、下降器同上升器控制位置，必要時做橫向移動或救援準備。由於作業環境係垂直外牆，天氣、風勢同玻璃幕牆嘅高溫反光都係實際挑戰，體能同專注力缺一不可。\n\n香港並無一個專為繩索技術員而設嘅法定牌照或註冊名冊。繩索作業嘅規管主要來自《工廠及工業經營條例》同《建築地盤（安全）規例》對高空工作嘅要求：凡有墮下風險，僱主須優先提供工作平台同安全進出途徑，只有在唔合理地切實可行時，先可使用安全帶、獨立救生繩或防墮系統作為最後防線。勞工處嘅《高處工作安全概覽》同《安全帶指引》就防墮系統、繫穩點強度同檢查程序列出要求。因此，入行關卡唔係政府發牌，而係僱主同承建商要求嘅認可繩索訓練同高空工作安全訓練。\n\n由於繩索作業唔屬於法定註冊工種，認受性主要嚟自業界訓練同個人紀錄。做外牆玻璃或招牌工程時，若涉及指定工序，可能同時要符合建造業工人註冊嘅相關工種要求；而業主立案法團或物業管理公司招標時，往往要求承辦商出示繩索技術員嘅訓練證明。想入行嘅人，一般先由體能同基本繩索技術入手，再累積外牆實戰經驗，逐步考取較高級別嘅繩索資格，並熟悉高空救援程序。","bodyEn":"Rope access technicians use rope and fall-protection systems instead of scaffolding to inspect, repair, seal, re-glaze and install on building facades, light wells, curtain walls and large signboards. Before starting they select solid anchor points, rig main and safety lines, inspect harnesses and descenders, and coordinate with the ground team to close roads or set up exclusion zones; during the job they control position using knots, descenders and ascenders, and prepare for horizontal movement or rescue. The vertical, exposed setting means weather, wind and the heat reflected by glass facades are real challenges, demanding both fitness and focus.\n\nHong Kong has no dedicated statutory licence or register for rope access technicians. Regulation comes mainly from the working-at-height requirements of the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance and the Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations: wherever there is a risk of falling, the employer must first provide a working platform and safe access, and may resort to safety belts, independent lifelines or fall-arrest systems only where that is not reasonably practicable. The Labour Department's Overview of Work-at-Height Safety and Safety Belt Guidance Notes set out requirements for fall-arrest systems, anchor-point strength and inspection. The gateway, therefore, is not a government licence but the recognised rope-access and working-at-height safety training required by employers and contractors.\n\nBecause rope access is not a statutory registered trade, recognition comes mainly from industry training and personal track record. For facade glazing or signage work that involves designated operations, workers may also need to meet the relevant trade requirements under construction workers registration, and owners' corporations or property managers often require contractors to produce rope-access training proof when tendering. Newcomers usually start with fitness and basic rope technique, build facade experience, and progressively take higher-level rope qualifications while learning rescue procedures.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：垂直外牆上嘅技術活","titleEn":"The job: skilled work on a vertical facade","bodyZh":"繩索技術員嘅工作唔止係游繩咁簡單。以玻璃幕牆換板為例，佢哋要先用繩索下降到指定位置，固定好安全繩同工具繩，再喺吊板上用吸盤或吊具拆裝玻璃；做外牆檢查時，就要逐幅影相同記錄裂縫、滲水或鬆脫位置，事後交報告。整個過程講求團隊協作：地面要有同事監護同收放繩索，遇突發情況可即時救援。因為離開地面好遠，任何裝備鬆脫或繫穩點失效都後果嚴重，所以檢查程序同安全意識係呢行嘅核心。","bodyEn":"A rope access technician's work is far more than descending a rope. Replacing a curtain-wall panel, for instance, requires lowering to position, securing the safety line and tool line, then using suction cups or hoists on a platform to remove and refit the glass. For facade inspections they photograph and log cracks, water seepage or loosened fixings and produce a report afterwards. Teamwork is essential: a ground colleague belays and manages the rope and can mount an immediate rescue. Because the worker is far above ground, any loose equipment or failed anchor point has serious consequences, so inspection discipline and safety awareness are the core of the trade."},{"titleZh":"關卡：法規框架同認可訓練","titleEn":"The gate: the legal framework and recognised training","bodyZh":"香港未有繩索作業嘅法定發牌制度，但高空工作受嚴格規管。《建築地盤（安全）規例》要求僱主在可行情況下提供工作平台同安全進出途徑，防墮系統只屬最後防線；《安全帶指引》同《高處工作安全概覽》就安全吊帶、繫穩點、獨立救生繩同檢查列出要求。實務上，業界倚重認可繩索訓練級別同高空工作安全訓練，部分業主或承建商會要求技術員出示相關證書。換言之，呢行嘅關卡係由僱主、承建商同招標要求共同設定，而非由政府發牌。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no statutory licensing scheme for rope access, but work at height is tightly regulated. The Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations require employers to provide a working platform and safe access where practicable, with fall-arrest systems only as a last resort; the Safety Belt Guidance Notes and Overview of Work-at-Height Safety set out requirements for harnesses, anchor points, independent lifelines and inspection. In practice the industry relies on recognised rope-access training levels and working-at-height safety training, and some owners or contractors require technicians to produce relevant certificates. In other words, the gate here is set by employers, contractors and tender requirements rather than by a government licence."},{"titleZh":"前景：需求上升但認受性靠口碑","titleEn":"Prospects: rising demand, recognition built on reputation","bodyZh":"香港高樓密集，外牆老化維修、招牌檢查同幕牆保養需求持續，加上唔少地點唔適合搭棚，繩索作業嘅應用空間正擴大，係一個較少人認識但實際需求殷切嘅工種。由於冇法定名冊，技術員嘅議價能力主要嚟自經驗、資格級別同安全紀錄；團隊主管通常由資深技術員出任，負責風險評估同撰寫方法說明。想入行嘅人，宜由正規繩索課程入門，累積外牆實戰，同時熟練高空救援同急救，先可以喺呢個小眾行業站穩陣腳。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong is densely built, so facade ageing repairs, signboard inspection and curtain-wall maintenance are in steady demand, and where scaffolding is unsuitable, rope access is increasingly used. It is a little-known trade with real demand. Because there is no statutory register, a technician's bargaining power comes mainly from experience, qualification level and safety record, and a team leader, usually a senior technician, handles risk assessment and method statements. Newcomers are best advised to begin with a formal rope-access course, build facade experience, and become fluent in rescue and first aid to gain a firm footing in this niche trade."}],"payBasisZh":"繩索技術員無官方薪級，薪酬由僱主（多為外牆工程或物業維修承辦商）按技術級別、工作風險、經驗同工程性質自行釐定，日薪或按件計酬相當普遍。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"There is no official pay scale for rope access technicians; pay is set by the employer (usually a facade or property maintenance contractor) according to technical level, risk, experience and the nature of the job, and daily or piece rates are common. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["完成業界認可嘅繩索技術訓練（由基本至進階級別）","持有有效嘅高空工作安全訓練資格","熟悉防墮系統、繫穩點設置同高空救援程序","體能良好，能適應戶外及高空環境","如涉指定工序，須按《建造業工人註冊條例》註冊相關工種"],"entryEn":["Completion of recognised rope-access training (from basic to advanced levels)","A valid working-at-height safety training qualification","Familiarity with fall-arrest systems, anchor-point set-up and rescue procedures","Good physical fitness for outdoor and height work","Registration in the relevant trade under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance where designated operations are involved"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"繩索訓練 → 外牆實戰 → 高級技術員","titleEn":"Rope training → facade experience → senior technician","stepsZh":["報讀業界認可嘅繩索技術課程，由基本級別入手","同時取得高空工作安全訓練資格","跟隨團隊累積外牆檢查、維修同換玻璃嘅實戰經驗","逐步考取較高級別繩索資格，並掌握高空救援技巧"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in an industry-recognised rope-access course, starting at basic level","Obtain a working-at-height safety training qualification","Join a team to build hands-on experience in facade inspection, repair and re-glazing","Progressively take higher rope-access levels and master rescue techniques"],"sourceIds":["careers-rope-access-technician-1","careers-rope-access-technician-2"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"繩索技術員助理","titleEn":"Assistant rope access technician"},{"titleZh":"繩索技術員","titleEn":"Rope access technician"},{"titleZh":"高級繩索技術員","titleEn":"Senior rope access technician"},{"titleZh":"繩索作業主管／救援員","titleEn":"Rope access supervisor / rescue technician"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"繩索技術員助理","titleEn":"Assistant rope access technician"},{"titleZh":"繩索技術員","titleEn":"Rope access technician"},{"titleZh":"高級繩索技術員","titleEn":"Senior rope access technician"},{"titleZh":"繩索作業主管／救援員","titleEn":"Rope access supervisor / rescue technician"}],"sourceIds":["careers-rope-access-technician-1","careers-rope-access-technician-2","careers-rope-access-technician-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"safety-officer","titleZh":"註冊安全主任","titleEn":"Registered safety officer","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"註冊安全主任為地盤、船廠或貨櫃處理場制定安全計劃、巡查高風險工序、調查意外同推行安全訓練。入行關卡係按《工廠及工業經營（安全主任及安全督導員）規例》向勞工處處長註冊，須符附表所列學歷同經驗。","ledeEn":"Registered safety officers draw up safety plans for construction sites, shipyards or container-handling workplaces, inspect high-risk operations, investigate accidents, run safety training and report risk to the proprietor. The gateway is registration with the Commissioner for Labour under the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors) Regulations, meeting the scheduled qualifications.","bodyZh":"安全主任係地盤或廠房嘅安全把關人。日常工作包括巡查高危工序（吊運、密閉空間、電力同高空工作）、審核同更新安全計劃、舉辦安全訓練同工具箱會議、調查意外同撰寫報告，並就安全管理制度向僱主提供意見。規例要求安全主任按月向僱主提交報告，說明安全狀況同改善建議；一旦發現即時危險，有權要求停工。佢哋亦要同前線工人、判頭同管理層溝通，將安全要求落到實處。\n\n入行係硬性關卡。根據規例，想註冊做安全主任，要向勞工處處長申請，並具備《第三附表》所列嘅附表資格同相關經驗，例如：獲承認嘅職安健學位或深造文憑加一年經驗；理科或工程學位加獲承認嘅職安健證書、文憑或高級文憑加一年經驗；或獲承認嘅職安健證書、文憑或高級文憑加兩年經驗（其中一年須於取得學歷後獲得）；或獲承認嘅建築安全證書加兩年經驗。註冊有效期四年，續期或重新確認時，申請人須證明在之前四年完成不少於一百小時嘅職安健持續專業發展。\n\n註冊同時分適用場所：喺建築地盤做安全主任須具備附表資格 A、B、C 或 D；喺船廠或貨櫃處理場則須 A、B 或 C。僱主唔可以聘請未註冊或註冊已失效嘅人做安全主任。規例又規定，當建築地盤僱用一百人或以上，主要承建商或專門承建商須全職僱用一名註冊安全主任；勞工處處長亦可要求更換不稱職嘅安全主任。","bodyEn":"A registered safety officer is the safety gatekeeper on a site or in a plant. Daily work covers inspecting high-risk operations (lifting, confined spaces, electrical and height work), reviewing and updating safety plans, running safety training and toolbox talks, investigating accidents and writing reports, and advising the proprietor on the safety management system. The regulations require the safety officer to submit a monthly report to the proprietor on safety conditions and improvements, and give the officer authority to stop work where there is immediate danger. The role also involves communicating constantly with frontline workers, subcontractors and management to translate safety requirements into practice.\n\nEntry is a firm statutory gate. To register as a safety officer, a person applies to the Commissioner for Labour and must hold a scheduled qualification in the Third Schedule together with relevant experience: for example a recognised degree or post-graduate diploma in occupational safety and health plus one year of experience; a science or engineering degree plus a recognised certificate, diploma or higher diploma in occupational safety and health plus one year of experience; a recognised certificate, diploma or higher diploma in occupational safety and health plus two years of experience (one of which must be after the academic qualification); or a recognised certificate in construction safety plus two years of experience. Registration is valid for four years, and renewal or revalidation requires proof of not less than 100 hours of continuing professional development in the preceding four years.\n\nRegistration also relates to the class of workplace: a safety officer for construction sites needs scheduled qualification A, B, C or D, while shipyards and container-handling workplaces require A, B or C. Proprietors may not employ anyone who is unregistered or whose registration has lapsed. The regulations further require a principal or specialist contractor to employ one full-time registered safety officer where 100 or more persons are employed on a construction site, and the Commissioner may direct the replacement of an unsuitable safety officer.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：由巡查到月度報告","titleEn":"The job: from inspections to monthly reports","bodyZh":"安全主任嘅工作節奏，由每日巡查開始。佢哋會巡吊運區、棚架、密閉空間同電力工序，檢查個人防護裝備、臨時設施同工作許可證，發現不安全行為即時糾正並記錄。除咗巡查，仲要主持安全會議、設計同帶領安全訓練、調查意外同撰寫報告，以及定期檢視安全計劃。規例要求佢按月向僱主提交報告，並喺必要時就安全管理制度提出建議。呢份工既要技術判斷，亦要溝通同談判技巧，因為要喺趕工壓力下說服前線同管理層重視安全。","bodyEn":"A safety officer's rhythm starts with daily inspections. They patrol lifting zones, scaffolding, confined spaces and electrical work, check personal protective equipment, temporary works and permits to work, and correct and record unsafe behaviour on the spot. Beyond inspections they chair safety meetings, design and deliver safety training, investigate accidents and write reports, and periodically review safety plans. The regulations require a monthly report to the proprietor and, where necessary, advice on the safety management system. The role needs technical judgement plus communication and negotiation skills, because the officer must persuade both frontline staff and management to value safety under schedule pressure."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：附表資格同四年註冊","titleEn":"The gate: scheduled qualifications and four-year registration","bodyZh":"註冊係唔可以繞過嘅關卡。申請人須向勞工處處長提申請，並持有《工廠及工業經營（安全主任及安全督導員）規例》第三附表所列嘅其中一項附表資格，再配合所需年數嘅相關經驗；部分資格（如職安健證書或文憑）要求經驗之中，至少一年係喺取得學歷之後先累積。申請人要令處長信納其有資格、有能力、適合擔任。註冊有效期四年，續期或重新確認須完成不少於一百小時職安健持續專業發展。註冊亦按適用場所分級，地盤類要求嘅資格同船廠、貨櫃場略有不同。","bodyEn":"Registration cannot be bypassed. An applicant applies to the Commissioner for Labour and must hold one of the scheduled qualifications in the Third Schedule to the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors) Regulations, together with the required years of relevant experience; for some qualifications (such as an occupational safety and health certificate or diploma) at least one year of that experience must be obtained after the academic qualification. The applicant must satisfy the Commissioner that he or she is qualified, competent and fit and proper. Registration runs for four years, and renewal or revalidation requires not less than 100 hours of continuing professional development. Registration is also graded by the class of workplace, with site requirements differing slightly from shipyards and container-handling workplaces."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"安全主任主要受僱於大型承建商、專門承建商、公用事業同政府部門，亦有部分任職顧問公司。隨住大型基建、鐵路同樓宇工程持續，加上安全管理制度同職安健法例要求趨嚴，市場對註冊安全主任嘅需求穩定。晉升方面，可由安全主任做起，累積經驗後升任高級安全主任、安全經理，甚至帶領整個安全部門；亦可轉向顧問、培訓或審核工作。要留意，註冊並非一次過——每隔四年就要續期，期間仲要持續進修，先可以保住執業資格。","bodyEn":"Safety officers are mainly employed by major contractors, specialist contractors, utilities and government departments, with some in consultancies. With major infrastructure, railway and building works continuing, and with tightening safety-management systems and occupational safety and health legislation, demand for registered safety officers is steady. On promotion, a safety officer can progress to senior safety officer, safety manager or head of a safety department, or move into consultancy, training or auditing. Note that registration is not a one-off: it must be renewed every four years, with continuing professional development in between, to keep practising."}],"payBasisZh":"受僱於私人承建商嘅註冊安全主任，薪酬由僱主按職級、經驗同工程規模自行釐定；受僱於政府部門嘅，則按公務員總薪級表嘅所屬職級釐定，由公務員事務局規定。註冊本身由勞工處處理，與薪酬無關。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Registered safety officers employed by private contractors have their pay set by the employer according to rank, experience and project scale; those in government departments follow the relevant point on the civil-service Master Pay Scale, set by the Civil Service Bureau. Registration itself is handled by the Labour Department and is unrelated to pay. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["具備《規例》第三附表所列嘅其中一項附表資格（職安健學歷加指定年數經驗）","向勞工處處長申請並獲批准註冊為安全主任","如任職建築地盤，須符合地盤類別嘅資格要求（A、B、C 或 D）","續期或重新確認時，完成不少於一百小時職安健持續專業發展","能閱讀圖則同撰寫報告，並可巡查工地"],"entryEn":["One of the scheduled qualifications in the Third Schedule to the Regulations (an occupational safety and health qualification plus the required years of experience)","Applying to the Commissioner for Labour and being approved for registration as a safety officer","Meeting the construction-site qualification requirement (A, B, C or D) where working on sites","Completing not less than 100 hours of continuing professional development for renewal or revalidation","Ability to read drawings and write reports, and to inspect sites"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"職安健學歷 → 累積經驗 → 註冊安全主任","titleEn":"OSH qualification → experience → registration","stepsZh":["修讀獲承認嘅職安健學位、深造文憑、文憑或證書課程","在建築、船廠或貨櫃處理等場所累積所需年數嘅相關經驗","向勞工處處長申請註冊為安全主任，並取得批准","註冊每四年續期，期間完成規定嘅持續專業發展"],"stepsEn":["Study a recognised occupational safety and health degree, post-graduate diploma, diploma or certificate","Build the required years of relevant experience in construction, shipyards or container handling","Apply to the Commissioner for Labour and be approved for registration as a safety officer","Renew registration every four years, completing the required continuing professional development"],"sourceIds":["careers-safety-officer-1","careers-safety-officer-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"安全主任","titleEn":"Safety officer"},{"titleZh":"高級安全主任","titleEn":"Senior safety officer"},{"titleZh":"安全經理","titleEn":"Safety manager"},{"titleZh":"安全管理層／企業安全總監","titleEn":"Head of safety / corporate safety director"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"安全主任","titleEn":"Safety officer"},{"titleZh":"高級安全主任","titleEn":"Senior safety officer"},{"titleZh":"安全經理","titleEn":"Safety manager"},{"titleZh":"安全管理層／企業安全總監","titleEn":"Head of safety / corporate safety director"}],"sourceIds":["careers-safety-officer-1","careers-safety-officer-2","careers-safety-officer-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"safety-supervisor","titleZh":"註冊安全督導員","titleEn":"Registered safety supervisor","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"安全督導員喺工地前線做每日安全巡查、檢查個人防護裝備同臨時設施、糾正不安全行為同記錄跟進。規例要求僱主喺指定場所僱用安全督導員，實務上督導員須讀完認可安全督導員課程，並無獨立嘅法定註冊名冊。","ledeEn":"Safety supervisors carry out daily frontline safety inspections on site, check personal protective equipment and temporary works, correct unsafe behaviour and log follow-up actions. The regulations require proprietors to employ safety supervisors in designated workplaces, and in practice they must complete a recognised safety supervisor course; there is no separate statutory register for them.","bodyZh":"安全督導員係工地前線嘅安全執行者。每日要巡視工序同工作環境，檢查安全帶、安全帽、防墮裝置同臨時設施，糾正工人嘅不安全行為，並填寫巡查同跟進紀錄。規例要求佢哋定期提交報告：喺建築地盤嘅安全督導員須每周提交報告，說明巡查結果同改善建議。佢哋亦要協助推行安全訓練、張貼安全資訊，以及喺有即時危險時提醒停工同通知上級。安全督導員唔一定要全職，但僱主唔可以派佢哋做會影響督導職務嘅其他工作。\n\n同安全主任唔同，安全督導員並無獨立嘅法定註冊名冊或發牌制度——佢哋由僱主按規例委任，而唔係向政府註冊。規例要求，僱用二十名或以上工人嘅建築地盤、船廠或貨櫃處理場，須僱用安全督導員；僱主亦要按規定向勞工處處長呈報僱用同離職（表格5）。實務上，業界公認嘅入行途徑係完成認可嘅安全督導員課程，例如建造業議會嘅建造業安全督導員課程（CSS）或職業安全健康局嘅建造業安全及健康督導員證書課程；職安局另設「認可安全督導員（建造業）」自願認可服務，方便業主同承建商識別合資格督導員。\n\n晉升方面，安全督導員通常由有地盤經驗嘅工人、管工或班長轉任，熟悉工序同風險係最大本錢。做落之後，可進一步修讀職安健文憑，向安全主任嘅專業資歷進發，亦可升任安全主管或安全經理。由於大型工程持續，加上法例對工地安全管理要求趨嚴，熟悉前線運作嘅安全督導員有穩定需求。","bodyEn":"A safety supervisor is the frontline enforcer of safety on site. Each day involves patrolling processes and the working environment, checking safety belts, helmets, fall-arrest devices and temporary works, correcting workers' unsafe behaviour and completing inspection and follow-up records. The regulations require regular reports: safety supervisors on construction sites must submit a weekly report on findings and improvements. They also help deliver safety training, post safety information, and, where there is immediate danger, warn workers and alert management. A safety supervisor need not be full-time, but the employer may not assign other duties that would adversely affect the supervisory role.\n\nUnlike safety officers, safety supervisors have no separate statutory register or licensing scheme: they are appointed by the proprietor under the regulations rather than registered with the Government. The regulations require a construction site, shipyard or container-handling workplace with 20 or more workers to employ a safety supervisor, and the employer must notify the Commissioner for Labour of the commencement and termination of the employment. In practice the recognised entry route is an approved safety supervisor course, such as the Construction Industry Council's Construction Safety Supervisor Course (CSS) or the Occupational Safety and Health Council's Certificate in Safety and Health for Supervisors (Construction). The OSHC also runs a voluntary Accredited Safety Supervisor (Construction) service to help owners and contractors identify qualified supervisors.\n\nOn progression, safety supervisors usually come from experienced workers, foremen or team leaders, for whom familiarity with processes and risks is the greatest asset. From there they can study for an occupational safety and health diploma towards the professional qualification of safety officer, or rise to safety supervisor-in-charge or safety manager. With major projects continuing and tightening legal requirements on site safety management, supervisors who understand frontline operations are in steady demand.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：前線巡查同每周報告","titleEn":"The job: frontline inspections and weekly reports","bodyZh":"安全督導員每一日都喺工地最前線。佢哋要巡查唔同工序，檢查工人有無正確佩戴安全帶同安全帽、防墮裝置同臨時設施係唔係完好，發現違規即時糾正並記錄；亦要協助班前安全講解、張貼警示同保持通道暢通。規例要求地盤安全督導員每周提交報告，交代巡查結果同跟進事項。因為督導員多由熟練工人或管工出身，佢哋嘅優勢係熟悉工序同實際風險，較容易同前線工人溝通，亦較能及早發現問題。","bodyEn":"A safety supervisor is on the site's frontline every day. They inspect different operations, check that workers correctly wear safety belts and helmets and that fall-arrest devices and temporary works are intact, and correct and record breaches on the spot. They also help with pre-work safety briefings, post warnings and keep access clear. The regulations require site safety supervisors to submit a weekly report setting out inspection findings and follow-up items. Because supervisors usually come from skilled workers or foremen, their advantage is familiarity with processes and real risks, making it easier to communicate with frontline workers and to spot problems early."},{"titleZh":"關卡：由僱主任命而非政府發牌","titleEn":"The gate: appointed by the employer, not licensed by the state","bodyZh":"呢份工最大嘅特點，係佢並唔似安全主任咁要政府註冊。規例要求僱主喺指定場所（例如僱用二十名或以上工人嘅建築地盤）僱用安全督導員，並向勞工處處長呈報；督導員由僱主任命，負責執行規例訂明嘅前線安全職務。實務上，入行關卡係完成認可嘅安全督導員課程——建造業議會同職業安全健康局都設有相關課程，職安局更有自願認可計劃，方便市場識別。換言之，呢個職位嘅「牌照」其實係課程資歷同僱主委任，而唔係政府發出嘅執業證。","bodyEn":"The key feature of this role is that, unlike the safety officer, it does not require government registration. The regulations require the proprietor to employ a safety supervisor in designated workplaces (for example a construction site with 20 or more workers) and to notify the Commissioner for Labour; the supervisor is appointed by the proprietor to carry out the frontline safety duties set out in the regulations. In practice the entry gate is completion of an approved safety supervisor course, offered by both the Construction Industry Council and the Occupational Safety and Health Council, the latter also running a voluntary accreditation scheme for market recognition. In short, the role's licence is really a course qualification plus an employer's appointment, not a government practising certificate."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同晉升","titleEn":"Industry reality and advancement","bodyZh":"安全督導員多由具地盤經驗嘅工人、管工或班長轉任，熟悉前線運作係最大優勢。做落之後，可以進修職安健文憑，向安全主任嘅專業資歷進發，或升任安全主管、安全經理。由於大型基建、樓宇同維修工程持續，加上法例同安全管理系統要求趨嚴，熟悉前線嘅督導員需求穩定。不過要留意，安全督導員嘅職位同薪酬高度依賴個別工程同僱主安排，做長線發展嘅人，通常會以考取安全主任資格為目標。","bodyEn":"Safety supervisors are often experienced workers, foremen or team leaders moving across, and frontline familiarity is their greatest advantage. From there they can study for an occupational safety and health diploma towards the safety officer professional qualification, or rise to safety supervisor-in-charge or safety manager. With major infrastructure, building and maintenance works continuing and safety-management requirements tightening, demand for supervisors with frontline know-how is steady. Note that the post and pay depend heavily on the individual project and employer, so those planning a long-term career usually aim to qualify as safety officers."}],"payBasisZh":"安全督導員薪酬由僱主（承建商）按職級、經驗同工程安排自行釐定，並無官方薪級；政府只透過規例要求僱主僱用，並不規定薪酬水平。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Safety supervisors' pay is set by the employer (the contractor) according to rank, experience and project arrangements, with no official pay scale; the Government only requires their employment through the regulations and does not set pay levels. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["具備工地前線經驗（多由熟練工人、管工或班長轉任）","完成認可嘅安全督導員課程（如建造業議會 CSS 或職安局督導員證書課程）","由僱主按《規例》委任為安全督導員，並向勞工處處長呈報","熟悉個人防護裝備、臨時設施同巡查記錄要求","能閱讀中文及書寫巡查報告"],"entryEn":["Frontline site experience (most move across from skilled worker, foreman or team leader roles)","Completion of an approved safety supervisor course (such as the CIC Construction Safety Supervisor Course or the OSHC supervisor certificate)","Appointment as a safety supervisor by the employer under the Regulations, with notification to the Commissioner for Labour","Familiarity with personal protective equipment, temporary works and inspection-record requirements","Ability to read Chinese and write inspection reports"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"前線經驗 → 督導員課程 → 受僱主任命","titleEn":"Frontline experience → supervisor course → employer appointment","stepsZh":["累積建築工地前線工作經驗（如熟練工人或管工）","報讀並完成認可嘅安全督導員課程","由僱主按規例委任為安全督導員，並向勞工處處長呈報","執行每周巡查同報告，之後可進修向安全主任資歷發展"],"stepsEn":["Build frontline construction-site experience (for example as a skilled worker or foreman)","Enrol in and complete an approved safety supervisor course","Be appointed as a safety supervisor by the employer under the Regulations and notified to the Commissioner for Labour","Carry out weekly inspections and reports, later studying towards the safety officer qualification"],"sourceIds":["careers-safety-supervisor-1","careers-safety-supervisor-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"安全督導員","titleEn":"Safety supervisor"},{"titleZh":"安全主管","titleEn":"Safety supervisor-in-charge"},{"titleZh":"安全經理","titleEn":"Safety manager"},{"titleZh":"安全主任（另行註冊）","titleEn":"Safety officer (separate registration)"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"安全督導員","titleEn":"Safety supervisor"},{"titleZh":"安全主管","titleEn":"Safety supervisor-in-charge"},{"titleZh":"安全經理","titleEn":"Safety manager"},{"titleZh":"安全主任（另行註冊）","titleEn":"Safety officer (separate registration)"}],"sourceIds":["careers-safety-supervisor-1","careers-safety-supervisor-2","careers-safety-supervisor-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"scaffolder","titleZh":"棚架工","titleEn":"Scaffolder","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","ledeZh":"棚架工搭拆竹棚同金屬棚架，量度尺寸、綁紮或鎖扣、鋪設工作平台同加設安全網。香港無單一牌照，入行關卡係建造業議會嘅棚架工藝測試同《建造業工人註冊條例》嘅指定工種註冊。","ledeEn":"Scaffolders erect and dismantle bamboo and metal scaffolding, measuring, lashing or locking, laying working platforms and fitting safety nets. There is no single licence: the gateways are the Construction Industry Council scaffolding trade tests and designated-trade registration under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance.","bodyZh":"棚架工嘅工作分竹棚同金屬棚兩大類。開工前要睇圖則、量度尺寸、計算負重同揀料；搭竹棚要鋸竹、開篾、綁紮（用尼龍篾或竹篾），並在適當位置加設連牆器、斜撐同安全網；搭金屬棚就要組裝門架或鋼管、鎖扣同鋪設工作平台。拆棚同樣考功夫，要由上而下逐層拆、接住降落物料，避免高空墮物。常見服務包括外牆維修、髹漆、冷氣安裝、招牌同玻璃工程。呢行體力要求高、日曬雨淋，亦要習慣高空作業，一對手套同一條安全帶就係搵食工具。\n\n香港並無一個名為棚架工嘅單一法定牌照。行業認受性主要嚟自兩方面：一係建造業議會嘅工藝測試，搭棚工程設有竹棚工同金屬棚架工嘅中級工藝測試（中工），考核實際搭設技能同安全知識；二係《建造業工人註冊條例》下嘅指定工種註冊，工人須註冊為相關工種嘅熟練或半熟練技工，先可以在指定工序施工。勞工處《竹棚架安全工作守則》亦界定咗合資格人員同受訓工人嘅要求，受訓工人可憑通過建造業議會竹棚工工藝測試加至少一年經驗而符合資格，亦承認按《建造業工人註冊條例》註冊嘅竹棚工。\n\n竹棚係香港獨特嘅建築工藝，雖然金屬棚應用日廣，但竹棚喺狹窄街道、維修工程同傳統搭建上仍有需求。行業長期面對老化同人手不足，近年透過建造業輸入勞工計劃補充技術工人。想入行，可透過學徒訓練或建造業議會課程學師，考取工藝測試，再累積地盤經驗，逐步做師傅或帶隊，甚至自行承接搭棚工程。","bodyEn":"Scaffolders work in two broad families: bamboo and metal. Before starting they read drawings, measure dimensions, calculate loads and select materials. Erecting bamboo scaffolding means sawing bamboo, splitting lashings, tying with nylon or bamboo strips, and adding tie-backs, diagonal bracing and safety nets at the right points; metal scaffolding means assembling frame or tube-and-coupler systems and laying working platforms. Dismantling is equally skilled, working top-down and catching materials to prevent falling objects. Common jobs include facade repair, painting, air-conditioning installation, signboards and glazing. The work is physically demanding, exposed to sun and rain, and requires comfort at height, with gloves and a safety belt as everyday tools.\n\nThere is no single statutory licence called scaffolder. Recognition comes from two directions: first, Construction Industry Council trade tests, where the scaffolding category includes intermediate trade tests for bamboo scaffolder and metal scaffolder that assess practical erection skill and safety knowledge; second, designated-trade registration under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance, under which workers must be registered as skilled or semi-skilled workers of the relevant trade to perform designated operations. The Labour Department's Code of Practice for Bamboo Scaffolding Safety defines competent persons and trained workmen, the latter qualifying through the CIC bamboo scaffolder trade test plus at least one year of experience, and it also recognises bamboo scaffolders registered under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance.\n\nBamboo scaffolding is a distinctive Hong Kong craft. Although metal scaffolding is increasingly used, bamboo remains in demand on narrow streets, for repair works and traditional erection. The trade faces long-term ageing and manpower shortages, recently supplemented through the construction-sector labour importation scheme. Typical entry is through apprenticeship or CIC courses, followed by the trade test and site experience towards master, team leader or running one's own scaffolding business.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：竹棚同金屬棚嘅手藝","titleEn":"The job: the craft of bamboo and metal scaffolding","bodyZh":"搭棚係一門靠經驗同手感嘅手藝。搭竹棚時，師傅要因應樓宇外形同用途揀竹、開料、綁紮，並計算連牆器間距同斜撐角度，確保棚架穩固；搭金屬棚則要熟悉門架、鋼管同鎖扣嘅組合，按安全標準裝設平台、護欄同踢腳板。無論竹棚定金屬棚，都要按需要加設安全網同工作平台，並喺使用前由合資格人員檢查。拆棚要小心控制物料降落，避免傷及途人同車輛。呢行既要體力，亦要空間感同判斷力。","bodyEn":"Scaffolding is a craft built on experience and feel. For bamboo, masters select and cut poles and tie them according to the building's shape and use, calculating tie-back spacing and bracing angles to keep the structure stable; for metal, they must know how to combine frames, tubes and couplers, fitting platforms, guard rails and toe boards to standard. Both types require safety nets and working platforms where needed, and inspection by a competent person before use. Dismantling demands careful control of falling materials to protect pedestrians and vehicles. The work needs strength as well as spatial judgement."},{"titleZh":"關卡：工藝測試同指定工種註冊","titleEn":"The gate: trade tests and designated-trade registration","bodyZh":"香港對棚架工並無單一發牌制度，但入行有兩重實質關卡。第一，建造業議會嘅搭棚工程工藝測試設有竹棚工同金屬棚架工嘅中級工藝測試，考核實際搭設技能同安全知識，係行業公認嘅技術憑證。第二，《建造業工人註冊條例》下嘅指定工種制度要求工人註冊為相關工種嘅熟練或半熟練技工，先可以在指定工序施工。勞工處《竹棚架安全工作守則》進一步界定合資格人員同受訓工人嘅要求，受訓工人可憑工藝測試加一年經驗達標。想做師傅或獨當一面，仲要累積多年現場經驗同認識安全法規。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no single licensing scheme for scaffolders, but there are two real gates. First, the Construction Industry Council's scaffolding trade tests include intermediate tests for bamboo scaffolder and metal scaffolder, assessing practical erection skill and safety knowledge, and are the industry's recognised credential. Second, the designated-trade regime under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance requires workers to register as skilled or semi-skilled workers of the relevant trade before performing designated operations. The Labour Department's Code of Practice for Bamboo Scaffolding Safety further defines competent persons and trained workmen, the latter meeting the bar through the trade test plus one year of experience. To become a master or work independently, years of site experience and knowledge of safety law are also needed."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"竹棚係香港獨特嘅建築工藝，雖然金屬棚應用日廣，但竹棚喺舊樓維修、狹窄街道同傳統搭建上仍有需求。行業長期面對老化同人手不足，近年透過建造業輸入勞工計劃補充技術工人，反映本地供應緊張。出路方面，可由學徒做到中工（半熟練）、大工（熟練），再升為師傅、小組長或搭棚主管，亦可自行承接工程。想入行嘅人，可先讀建造業議會或職業訓練局嘅搭棚課程，考取工藝測試，再累積地盤經驗。","bodyEn":"Bamboo scaffolding is a distinctive Hong Kong craft. Although metal scaffolding is increasingly used, bamboo is still needed for old-building repairs, narrow streets and traditional erection. The trade faces long-term ageing and manpower shortages, and the construction-sector labour importation scheme has been used to supplement skilled workers, reflecting tight local supply. On pathways, a worker can progress from apprentice to semi-skilled worker, then skilled worker, and on to master, small-team leader or scaffolding supervisor, or run their own contracts. Newcomers can start with Construction Industry Council or Vocational Training Council scaffolding courses, sit the trade test and build site experience."}],"payBasisZh":"棚架工無官方薪級，薪酬由僱主（多為搭棚承辦商）按工種、工藝測試資格、經驗同工程計法（日薪或按件）自行釐定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"There is no official pay scale for scaffolders; pay is set by the employer (usually a scaffolding contractor) according to trade, trade-test qualification, experience and the basis of the job (daily or piece rates). This site states no figures.","entryZh":["完成建造業議會或職業訓練局嘅搭棚相關訓練","通過建造業議會竹棚工或金屬棚架工嘅中級工藝測試（中工）","按《建造業工人註冊條例》註冊為相關工種技工","持有有效嘅建造業安全訓練證明（平安卡）","體能良好，可接受高空作業"],"entryEn":["Completion of scaffolding-related training with the Construction Industry Council or the Vocational Training Council","Passing the Construction Industry Council intermediate trade test for bamboo scaffolder or metal scaffolder","Registration in the relevant trade under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance","A valid construction industry safety training certificate","Good physical fitness and willingness to work at height"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學徒／課程 → 工藝測試 → 註冊技工","titleEn":"Apprenticeship / course → trade test → registered worker","stepsZh":["修讀建造業議會或職業訓練局嘅搭棚課程，跟師學藝","累積現場搭拆經驗","報考建造業議會竹棚工或金屬棚架工嘅中級工藝測試","向建造業工人註冊管理局申請註冊為相關工種技工，逐步做師傅"],"stepsEn":["Study a scaffolding course with the Construction Industry Council or Vocational Training Council and learn on the job","Accumulate on-site erection and dismantling experience","Sit the Construction Industry Council intermediate trade test for bamboo or metal scaffolder","Apply to the Construction Workers Registration Authority to register in the relevant trade and progress towards master"],"sourceIds":["careers-scaffolder-1","careers-scaffolder-2","careers-scaffolder-3"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／中工","titleEn":"Apprentice / semi-skilled worker"},{"titleZh":"註冊熟練技工（大工）","titleEn":"Registered skilled worker"},{"titleZh":"師傅兼小組長","titleEn":"Master and small-team leader"},{"titleZh":"搭棚主管／承辦商負責人","titleEn":"Scaffolding supervisor / contractor"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／中工","titleEn":"Apprentice / semi-skilled worker"},{"titleZh":"註冊熟練技工（大工）","titleEn":"Registered skilled worker"},{"titleZh":"師傅兼小組長","titleEn":"Master and small-team leader"},{"titleZh":"搭棚主管／承辦商負責人","titleEn":"Scaffolding supervisor / contractor"}],"sourceIds":["careers-scaffolder-1","careers-scaffolder-2","careers-scaffolder-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"school-head","titleZh":"校長","titleEn":"School head","industryZh":"教育及培訓","industryEn":"Education & training","sectorId":"education","ledeZh":"校長領導學校整體運作，包括課程方向、教師團隊、資源財政、對外聯絡同危機處理。入行有雙重關卡：本身須為註冊教師，並通常須先取得教育局嘅校長資格認證，方可在公營或直資學校出任校長。","ledeEn":"A school head leads the whole school, covering curriculum direction, the teaching team, resources and finance, external liaison and crisis handling. There are two gates: the person must be a registered teacher and, for public-sector or DSS schools, normally must first attain the Education Bureau's Certification for Principalship.","bodyZh":"校長係學校嘅行政同教學領袖。日常工作包括訂定學校發展方向同課程重點、領導教師團隊同處理考績同人事、管理資源同財政預算、同校董會、家長同外界溝通，以及處理危機同投訴。校長亦係學校同教育局之間嘅主要接口，要確保學校符合法例同教育政策要求。呢個職位責任重大，工時長，亦要面對家長、社會同傳媒嘅期望，唔單止要管好一間學校，仲要為學生嘅學習同成長負責。\n\n校長有雙重法定關卡。第一，《教育條例》規定，任何喺學校任教嘅人都必須係檢定教員或准用教員，而校長本身亦須經教育局批准出任。第二，自 2004/05 學年起，公營學校同直資學校嘅擬任校長，除咗符合聘任條件，仲必須取得校長資格認證（CFP）。申請參與 CFP 嘅人，須有至少五年教學經驗同認可教師訓練資歷，並喺最長兩年嘅過程中完成專業發展需要分析、擬任校長課程同專業發展檔案三部分；CFP 由教育局嘅校長資格認證委員會監督評審，有效期為五年。\n\n若學校有特殊情況，常任秘書長可批准以署任方式委任未取得 CFP 嘅校長，但該署任校長須於委任後兩年內完成 CFP，先可以確認校長身分；私人獨立學校嘅校長安排另有不同。想做校長，一般要由教師做起，逐步出任科主任、副校長等職，累積課程領導、人事管理同危機處理經驗，再經 CFP 認證同校董會聘任，先可以正式坐正。","bodyEn":"A school head is the school's administrative and instructional leader. Daily work includes setting the school's development direction and curriculum priorities, leading the teaching team and handling appraisal and staffing, managing resources and budgets, communicating with the school management committee, parents and the wider community, and handling crises and complaints. The principal is also the main interface between the school and the Education Bureau, ensuring compliance with the law and education policy. The role carries heavy responsibility, long hours and the expectations of parents, society and the media, and extends beyond running a school to being answerable for students' learning and growth.\n\nThere are two statutory gates. First, the Education Ordinance requires anyone teaching in a school to be a registered teacher or a permitted teacher, and a principal must be approved by the Education Bureau to take up the post. Second, since the 2004/05 school year, aspiring principals in public-sector and DSS schools must, in addition to meeting the appointment conditions, attain the Certification for Principalship (CFP). Applicants must have at least five years of teaching experience and a recognised teacher training qualification, and complete, within a process of up to two years, a needs analysis, a Preparation for Principalship course and a professional development portfolio; the CFP is assessed under the Education Bureau's Committee on Certification for Principalship and is valid for five years.\n\nIn exceptional circumstances the Permanent Secretary for Education may approve the acting appointment of a principal without the CFP, but that acting principal must attain the CFP within two years of appointment before the principalship can be confirmed; private independent schools have different arrangements. Typically a person moves from teacher to panel head then vice-principal, building curriculum leadership, staff management and crisis experience, and only then attains the CFP and is appointed by the school management committee.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：一校之首嘅多重角色","titleEn":"The job: the many roles of a school head","bodyZh":"校長嘅一日，往往由巡校、處理突發事件到開會交替進行。佢哋要領導課程發展同教學改進、督導教師團隊同考績、管理財政同資源分配，仲要對外代表學校同家長、辦學團體同教育局溝通。遇到學生危機、投訴或傳媒關注，校長要即時決策同對外回應。呢個職位既要有教育理念，亦要有管理同溝通能力，仲要喺資源有限嘅情況下平衡各方期望。可以話，校長唔止係教師嘅上司，亦係學校文化同方向嘅塑造者。","bodyEn":"A principal's day alternates between patrolling the school, handling incidents and attending meetings. They lead curriculum development and teaching improvement, supervise and appraise the teaching team, manage finances and resource allocation, and represent the school externally to parents, sponsoring bodies and the Education Bureau. Faced with a student crisis, a complaint or media attention, the principal must decide and respond on the spot. The role requires an educational vision as well as management and communication skills, and the ability to balance competing expectations with limited resources. A principal is not merely the teachers' superior but a shaper of the school's culture and direction."},{"titleZh":"入職關卡：教師註冊同校長資格認證","titleEn":"The gate: teacher registration and Certification for Principalship","bodyZh":"校長之職有兩重關卡。首先，根據《教育條例》，任何喺學校任教嘅人都必須係檢定教員或准用教員，而校長人選亦須經教育局批准，確保其為適合出任校長嘅人。其次，公營同直資學校嘅擬任校長，自 2004/05 學年起必須取得校長資格認證（CFP）。申請人須有至少五年教學經驗同認可教師訓練資歷，並喺最長兩年內完成專業發展需要分析、擬任校長課程同專業發展檔案。CFP 由教育局嘅委員會監督評審，有效期五年；未完成者只能以署任方式暫代，並須於兩年內補齊。","bodyEn":"The principalship has two gates. First, under the Education Ordinance anyone teaching in a school must be a registered teacher or a permitted teacher, and a principal candidate must be approved by the Education Bureau as a fit and proper person to lead the school. Second, since the 2004/05 school year, aspiring principals in public-sector and DSS schools must attain the Certification for Principalship (CFP). Applicants need at least five years of teaching experience and a recognised teacher training qualification, and must complete, within up to two years, a needs analysis, a Preparation for Principalship course and a professional development portfolio. The CFP is assessed under an Education Bureau committee and is valid for five years; those without it may serve only on an acting basis and must complete it within two years."},{"titleZh":"出路：由教師到校長嘅階梯","titleEn":"Pathways: the ladder from teacher to principal","bodyZh":"校長唔係一步到位嘅職位。一般而言，入行者先做教師，累積教學同班級管理經驗，再逐步出任科主任、訓導或輔導主任、副校長等中層職位，從中培養課程領導、人事管理同危機處理能力。有意向校長發展嘅教師，會提早部署 CFP：先完成專業發展需要分析，再修讀擬任校長課程同建立專業發展檔案。取得 CFP 後，仍要視乎學校嘅校長空缺同校董會聘任，先可以正式出任，並須持續參與校長持續專業發展。","bodyEn":"A principalship is not reached in one step. In general, a person starts as a teacher, builds teaching and class-management experience, then moves through middle-leadership posts such as panel head, discipline or guidance master, or vice-principal, developing curriculum leadership, staff management and crisis-handling ability. Those aiming for headship plan for the CFP early: completing the needs analysis, then the Preparation for Principalship course and a professional development portfolio. Even with the CFP, appointment depends on a principal vacancy and the school management committee's decision, and serving principals must continue with principals' continuing professional development."}],"payBasisZh":"資助、官立同直資學校校長嘅薪酬，分別按教育局嘅資助學校薪級制度或公務員總薪級表釐定，由教育局／公務員事務局規定；私立及國際學校校長薪酬則由校董會自行決定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay for principals of aided, government and DSS schools is set under the Education Bureau's aided-school salary structure or the civil-service Master Pay Scale, determined by the Education Bureau or the Civil Service Bureau; pay for principals of private and international schools is decided by the school management committee. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["持有認可教學資歷並註冊為檢定教員或准用教員","取得校長資格認證（CFP，包括需要分析、擬任校長課程同專業發展檔案）","具備至少五年教學經驗（CFP 申請條件之一）","經校董會／法團校董會聘任並獲教育局批准出任校長","具課程領導、人事管理同危機處理經驗"],"entryEn":["Holding a recognised teaching qualification and being registered as a registered or permitted teacher","Attaining the Certification for Principalship (CFP), covering the needs analysis, Preparation for Principalship course and professional development portfolio","At least five years of teaching experience (a CFP application condition)","Being appointed by the school management committee and approved by the Education Bureau to serve as principal","Experience in curriculum leadership, staff management and crisis handling"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"教師 → 中層領導 → CFP → 校長","titleEn":"Teacher → middle leadership → CFP → principal","stepsZh":["由教師做起，累積教學同班級管理經驗","出任科主任、副校長等中層職位，培養課程領導同管理能力","完成專業發展需要分析、擬任校長課程同專業發展檔案，取得 CFP","獲校董會聘任並經教育局批准後出任校長"],"stepsEn":["Start as a teacher and build teaching and class-management experience","Take up middle-leadership posts such as panel head or vice-principal to develop curriculum leadership and management","Complete the needs analysis, Preparation for Principalship course and professional development portfolio to attain the CFP","Be appointed by the school management committee and approved by the Education Bureau to serve as principal"],"sourceIds":["careers-school-head-1","careers-school-head-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"教師","titleEn":"Teacher"},{"titleZh":"科主任／主任","titleEn":"Panel head / subject head"},{"titleZh":"副校長","titleEn":"Vice-principal"},{"titleZh":"校長","titleEn":"Principal"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"教師","titleEn":"Teacher"},{"titleZh":"科主任／主任","titleEn":"Panel head / subject head"},{"titleZh":"副校長","titleEn":"Vice-principal"},{"titleZh":"校長","titleEn":"Principal"}],"sourceIds":["careers-school-head-1","careers-school-head-2","careers-school-head-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"school-social-worker","titleZh":"學校社工","titleEn":"School social worker","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","ledeZh":"學校社工駐校支援學生，處理情緒同家庭問題、做小組同個案輔導、危機介入，並同老師同家長合作。《社會工作者註冊條例》規定，從事社會工作必須註冊為社工；入行先要完成認可社工學歷再向註冊局申請。","ledeEn":"School social workers support students on campus, handling emotional and family problems, running groups and casework, intervening in crises and working with teachers and parents. The Social Workers Registration Ordinance requires anyone practising social work to be a registered social worker, so entry starts with a recognised social work qualification and registration.","bodyZh":"學校社工係學生喺校內嘅情緒支援站。佢哋會接見有需要嘅學生同家長，處理學業壓力、人際衝突、家庭問題同情緒困擾；亦會開辦小組同活動，推廣精神健康同正向思維。遇到危機事件，例如學生嚴重情緒困擾或有自傷風險，學校社工要即時介入、評估風險，並按校本機制聯同老師、教育心理學家同家長跟進，必要時轉介社區服務。佢哋亦會同教師團隊合作，協助早期識別有需要嘅學生。\n\n入行有硬性關卡。《社會工作者註冊條例》規定，任何人要從事社會工作或使用社會工作者名銜，必須註冊為註冊社會工作者。註冊條件包括：持有註冊局認可嘅社工學歷、通常居於香港、屬合適及恰當人士、不受紀律制裁命令限制，並須就曾否被定罪作出法定聲明。註冊須定期續期；若註冊期滿而未續期，註冊局會按法例將姓名註銷，該人喺被註銷期間即不得再使用任何社工名銜。\n\n學校社工嘅聘用模式視乎學制。小學方面，教育局推行一校一社工政策，學校按校本情況聘用最少一名具專業資歷嘅駐校學位社工；中學方面，社會福利署實行一校兩社工，由非政府機構派駐駐校社工。呢啲安排令學校社工嘅僱主可能係學校，亦可能係非政府機構，但無論邊種，都必須係註冊社工方可執業，呢點係入行最重要嘅關卡。","bodyEn":"A school social worker is a student's emotional support point on campus. They meet students and parents in need, dealing with academic pressure, interpersonal conflict, family problems and emotional distress, and run groups and activities to promote mental health and positive thinking. In a crisis, such as serious emotional distress or self-harm risk, the social worker must intervene immediately, assess risk, and follow up through the school-based mechanism with teachers, educational psychologists and parents, referring to community services where necessary. They also work with the teaching team to help identify students in need early.\n\nEntry is a firm gate. The Social Workers Registration Ordinance provides that anyone who practises social work or uses the title of social worker must be a registered social worker. Registration requires a social work qualification recognised by the Board, ordinary residence in Hong Kong, being a fit and proper person, not being subject to a disciplinary order, and a statutory declaration on previous convictions. Registration must be renewed periodically; if it lapses without renewal, the Board removes the name from the register by law, and during that period the person may not use any social worker title.\n\nThe employment model depends on the school system. In primary schools the Education Bureau operates the one-school-one-social-worker policy, under which schools employ at least one professionally qualified registered degree social worker; in secondary schools the Social Welfare Department operates one-school-two-social-workers, with social workers stationed by NGOs. A school social worker may therefore be employed by a school or by an NGO, but on either route they must be a registered social worker to practise, which is the single most important gate.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：輔導、小組同危機介入","titleEn":"The job: counselling, groups and crisis intervention","bodyZh":"學校社工嘅工作圍繞學生嘅全人發展。個案方面，佢哋會同有情緒、家庭或人際困擾嘅學生傾談，訂立支援計劃，並連結家長同社區資源；小組同活動方面，會設計成長小組、朋輩支援計劃同情緒健康推廣。危機時刻更考功夫：當學生有嚴重情緒困擾、自傷或家庭突變，社工要即時評估風險、安撫同轉介，並聯同老師、教育心理學家同家長協作。佢哋亦協助學校建立識別同支援機制，係校內跨專業團隊嘅重要一員。","bodyEn":"A school social worker's work centres on students' whole-person development. On cases, they talk with students facing emotional, family or interpersonal difficulties, set support plans and link parents and community resources; on groups and activities, they design growth groups, peer-support programmes and mental health promotion. Crisis moments test them most: when a student faces serious distress, self-harm or sudden family change, the social worker must assess risk immediately, provide reassurance and referral, and collaborate with teachers, educational psychologists and parents. They also help schools build identification and support mechanisms, making them a key member of the school's multidisciplinary team."},{"titleZh":"關卡：社會工作者註冊條例","titleEn":"The gate: the Social Workers Registration Ordinance","bodyZh":"註冊係唔可以繞過嘅關卡。《社會工作者註冊條例》規定，任何人要從事社會工作或使用社會工作者名銜，必須註冊為註冊社會工作者。註冊局按條例審議註冊同續期申請，條件包括：持有註冊局認可嘅社工學歷、通常居於香港、屬合適及恰當人士、不受紀律制裁命令限制，並須就曾否被定罪作出法定聲明。註冊須定期續期；若期滿未續期，註冊局會按法例將姓名註銷，該人即不得再使用社工名銜。想做學校社工，除咗註冊，僱主（學校或非政府機構）亦會按其服務經驗同輔導能力篩選。","bodyEn":"Registration cannot be bypassed. The Social Workers Registration Ordinance provides that anyone who practises social work or uses the title of social worker must be a registered social worker. The Board considers registration and renewal applications under the Ordinance, with conditions including a Board-recognised social work qualification, ordinary residence in Hong Kong, being a fit and proper person, not being subject to a disciplinary order, and a statutory declaration on previous convictions. Registration must be renewed periodically; if it lapses, the Board removes the name from the register by law and the person may no longer use any social worker title. For school social work, employers (schools or NGOs) also screen candidates on service experience and counselling ability."},{"titleZh":"聘用模式同出路","titleEn":"Employment models and pathways","bodyZh":"學校社工嘅僱主可能係學校，亦可能係非政府機構。小學方面，教育局推行一校一社工，學校按校本情況聘用最少一名駐校學位社工；中學方面，社會福利署實行一校兩社工，由非政府機構派駐。晉升方面，可由社會工作助理做起，逐步升任助理社會工作主任、社會工作主任，甚至高級社會工作主任或服務主管；亦可向督導、培訓或學校輔導專業發展。無論走邊條路，持續進修同按時續期註冊都係必須。","bodyEn":"A school social worker's employer may be a school or an NGO. In primary schools the Education Bureau operates one-school-one-social-worker, with schools employing at least one stationing degree social worker; in secondary schools the Social Welfare Department operates one-school-two-social-workers, with NGO staff stationed in schools. On promotion, a person can start as an assistant social work officer and move up to assistant social work officer, social work officer and even senior social work officer or service head, or develop towards supervision, training or school counselling. Whichever path, continuing education and timely renewal of registration are essential."}],"payBasisZh":"學校社工薪酬視乎僱主而定：受僱於社署資助非政府機構嘅，按社署嘅資助職級薪級釐定；由學校直接聘用嘅，由校方按校本資源決定；受僱政府嘅，則按公務員總薪級表。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"School social workers' pay depends on the employer: those in SWD-subvented NGOs follow the SWD-subvented grade structure; those employed directly by schools are decided by the school from its own resources; those in government follow the civil-service Master Pay Scale. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["完成社會工作者註冊局認可嘅社工學歷（如社工學位或文憑）","向社會工作者註冊局註冊為註冊社會工作者並按時續期","申請註冊時通常居於香港，並屬合適及恰當人士","就曾否被定罪作出法定聲明","具個案輔導、小組工作同危機介入能力"],"entryEn":["Completion of a social work qualification recognised by the Social Workers Registration Board (such as a social work degree or diploma)","Registration as a registered social worker with the Board and timely renewal","Being ordinarily resident in Hong Kong and a fit and proper person at the time of application","Making a statutory declaration on previous convictions","Ability in casework counselling, group work and crisis intervention"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"社工學歷 → 註冊 → 學校社工","titleEn":"Social work qualification → registration → school social worker","stepsZh":["修讀註冊局認可嘅社工學位或文憑課程","向社會工作者註冊局申請註冊，並就定罪作法定聲明","獲學校或非政府機構聘用為駐校社工","持續進修並按時為註冊續期"],"stepsEn":["Study a social work degree or diploma recognised by the Board","Apply to the Social Workers Registration Board for registration and make the statutory declaration on convictions","Be employed as a stationing school social worker by a school or NGO","Continue professional development and renew registration on time"],"sourceIds":["careers-school-social-worker-1","careers-school-social-worker-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"社會工作助理","titleEn":"Social work assistant"},{"titleZh":"助理社會工作主任","titleEn":"Assistant social work officer"},{"titleZh":"社會工作主任","titleEn":"Social work officer"},{"titleZh":"高級社會工作主任／服務主管","titleEn":"Senior social work officer / service head"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"社會工作助理","titleEn":"Social work assistant"},{"titleZh":"助理社會工作主任","titleEn":"Assistant social work officer"},{"titleZh":"社會工作主任","titleEn":"Social work officer"},{"titleZh":"高級社會工作主任／服務主管","titleEn":"Senior social work officer / service head"}],"sourceIds":["careers-school-social-worker-1","careers-school-social-worker-2","careers-school-social-worker-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"secondary-school-teacher","titleZh":"中學教師","titleEn":"Secondary school teacher","industryZh":"教育及培訓","industryEn":"Education & training","sectorId":"education","ledeZh":"中學教師教授指定科目、準備教材同評估、批改作業同試卷、帶班做班主任，並支援學生升學同情緒需要。《教育條例》規定，喺學校任教必須係檢定教員或准用教員，持教學資歷者註冊為檢定教員。","ledeEn":"Secondary school teachers teach assigned subjects, prepare materials and assessments, mark work and papers, serve as class teachers and support students' further study and emotional needs. The Education Ordinance requires anyone teaching in a school to be a registered or permitted teacher, with those holding a teaching qualification registering as registered teachers.","bodyZh":"中學教師嘅工作遠不止上課。除咗備課、授課同批改，佢哋要設計同評分校內評估、帶班主任處理班務同家校溝通，亦可能要負責課外活動、學會或行政職務。近年學校愈加重視學生精神健康，教師要識得識別有需要嘅學生，並同學校社工、教育心理學家協作。工時長，非教學工作量唔輕，但相對穩定同有滿足感，係唔少人選擇嘅原因。\n\n入行有法定關卡。《教育條例》規定，任何喺學校任教嘅人，都必須係檢定教員或准用教員。持有教學資歷（例如本地教師證書、學位教師教育文憑或教育學士）並符合居留要求嘅人，可申請成為檢定教員，註冊一經批准，除非被撤銷，否則長期有效；只有學術資歷而無教學訓練嘅人，只可由學校代為申請准用教員許可證，任教科目受許可證條件限制。非本地學歷須經學術及職業資歷評審局評審，並提交評審報告。\n\n教育局近年提出修訂《教育條例》，為教師註冊機制引入執業證書同定期續期要求。按當局向立法會交代嘅方案，執業證書有效期不多於三個學年，適用於公營、私立、國際學校同幼稚園教師（包括校長），申請人須持有有效嘅檢定教員證明書或准用教員許可證、已獲學校聘用、申報刑事定罪紀錄，並符合持續專業發展等要求。呢個改動一旦落實，會成為在職教師要持續跨過嘅關卡。","bodyEn":"A secondary school teacher's work goes far beyond lessons. Besides preparing, teaching and marking, teachers design and grade internal assessments, act as class teachers handling class affairs and home-school communication, and may take on extracurricular activities, clubs or administrative duties. Schools increasingly emphasise student mental health, so teachers must be able to identify students in need and work with school social workers and educational psychologists. Hours are long and non-teaching workload is heavy, but the stability and sense of purpose attract many entrants.\n\nThere is a statutory gate. Under the Education Ordinance, anyone teaching in a school must be a registered teacher or a permitted teacher. A person holding a teaching qualification (such as a local teacher's certificate, a Post-graduate Diploma in Education or a Bachelor of Education) and meeting residence requirements may apply to be a registered teacher, which once approved remains valid unless cancelled; a person with only academic qualifications and no teacher training may, through the school, apply for a permit to teach, with subjects limited by the permit's conditions. Non-local qualifications must be assessed by the Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications, with an assessment report submitted.\n\nIn recent years the Education Bureau has proposed amending the Education Ordinance to introduce a practising certificate and regular renewal into the teacher registration mechanism. Under the proposal put to the Legislative Council, the practising certificate would be valid for no more than three school years and would apply to teachers (including principals) in public-sector, private, international and kindergarten settings; applicants would need a valid certificate of registration as a teacher or a permit to teach, employment by a school, a declaration of criminal convictions, and fulfilment of continuing professional development and other requirements. If implemented, this would become an ongoing gate for serving teachers.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：教學、帶班同行政","titleEn":"The job: teaching, class duties and administration","bodyZh":"中學教師嘅核心工作係教學，但實際職務相當多元。佢哋要因應課程同學生能力設計教案、準備教材、出題同評分，亦要做班主任，處理班務、操行同家校溝通。唔少教師仲要負責學會、活動、科務或訓輔等行政工作，課後留校補課同開會係常態。近年學生精神健康受關注，教師要及早識別情緒困擾嘅學生，同輔導人員協作。呢份工講求學科知識之外，仲要耐性、溝通同抗壓能力。","bodyEn":"A secondary school teacher's core work is teaching, but the actual duties are quite diverse. They design lessons and prepare materials, set and mark assessments according to the curriculum and students' ability, and serve as class teachers handling class affairs, conduct and home-school communication. Many also take on clubs, activities, subject-panel or discipline and guidance duties, with after-school remedial classes and meetings as the norm. As student mental health draws attention, teachers must identify students in emotional distress early and work with guidance staff. The job demands patience, communication and resilience beyond subject knowledge."},{"titleZh":"關卡：檢定教員同准用教員","titleEn":"The gate: registered and permitted teachers","bodyZh":"《教育條例》規定，任何喺學校任教嘅人都必須係檢定教員或准用教員，呢個係唔可以繞過嘅入行關卡。持教學資歷（例如本地教師證書、學位教師教育文憑或教育學士）並符合居留要求嘅人，可申請註冊為檢定教員；只有學術資歷而無教學訓練嘅人，只可由學校代為申請准用教員許可證，任教科目同條件受許可證限制，許可證亦會隨轉校而失效，須重新申請。非本地學歷須經學術及職業資歷評審局評審。想做正式教師，最終一般都會補讀教學資歷以取得檢定教員身分。","bodyEn":"The Education Ordinance requires anyone teaching in a school to be a registered teacher or a permitted teacher, and this gate cannot be bypassed. A person with a teaching qualification (such as a local teacher's certificate, a Post-graduate Diploma in Education or a Bachelor of Education) and meeting residence requirements may apply to register as a registered teacher; someone with only academic qualifications and no teacher training may, through the school, apply for a permit to teach, with subjects and conditions limited by the permit, which also lapses on changing schools and must be re-applied for. Non-local qualifications must be assessed by the Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications. Those aiming to be established teachers usually complete a teaching qualification to attain registered teacher status."},{"titleZh":"新安排：教師執業證書引言","titleEn":"New arrangements: the proposed practising certificate","bodyZh":"教師註冊將來或有新關卡。教育局已向立法會交代修訂《教育條例》嘅建議，擬引入有效期不多於三個學年嘅教師執業證書，適用於公營、私立、國際學校同幼稚園教師（包括校長）。按方案，申請執業證書須持有有效嘅檢定教員證明書或准用教員許可證、已獲學校聘用、申報過去三年嘅刑事定罪、聲明遵守相關法律，並符合持續專業發展等要求。現階段呢個係建議中嘅安排，一旦立法落實，就會成為在職教師要定期續領嘅執業資格，讀者宜留意教育局最新公布。","bodyEn":"Teacher registration may gain a new gate. The Education Bureau has put to the Legislative Council a proposal to amend the Education Ordinance by introducing a practising certificate valid for no more than three school years, applying to teachers (including principals) in public-sector, private, international and kindergarten settings. Under the proposal, applicants would need a valid certificate of registration as a teacher or a permit to teach, employment by a school, a declaration of criminal convictions over the past three years, a declaration of compliance with relevant laws, and fulfilment of continuing professional development and other requirements. At this stage it is a proposal, and once enacted it would become a periodically renewable practising qualification; readers should watch the Bureau's latest announcements."}],"payBasisZh":"資助中學教師薪酬按教育局嘅資助學校教席薪級釐定，由教育局規定；官立學校教師按公務員總薪級表；直資同私立學校教師薪酬則由校方自行決定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay for aided secondary school teachers follows the aided school teaching grade determined by the Education Bureau; teachers in government schools follow the civil service master pay scale; and pay in direct-subsidy and private schools is set by the school itself. This site does not list specific amounts.","entryZh":["持教學資歷並註冊為檢定教員，或經學校申請准用教員許可證","持有本地學位教師教育文憑、教育學士或認可教師證書等師資訓練資歷","非本地學歷須經學術及職業資歷評審局評審","符合《教育條例》嘅居留要求並通過品格審查","具備任教科目嘅學科知識同課堂管理能力"],"entryEn":["Registration as a registered teacher with a teaching qualification, or a permit to teach applied for through a school","A local Post-graduate Diploma in Education, Bachelor of Education or recognised teacher's certificate","Non-local qualifications assessed by the Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications","Meeting the residence requirement under the Education Ordinance and passing a character check","Subject knowledge in the teaching subject and classroom management ability"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學位＋教育文憑 → 檢定教員","titleEn":"Degree plus education diploma → registered teacher","stepsZh":["完成學士學位，主修任教科目相關領域","修讀學位教師教育文憑（PGDE）或教育學士等師資課程","由學校聘任並向教育局申請註冊為檢定教員","入職後持續專業發展，並按學校安排任教同帶班"],"stepsEn":["Complete a bachelor's degree with a major related to the teaching subject","Study a Post-graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) or a Bachelor of Education","Be appointed by a school and apply to the Education Bureau for registration as a registered teacher","Continue professional development and take on teaching and class-teacher duties"],"sourceIds":["careers-secondary-school-teacher-1","careers-secondary-school-teacher-2"]},{"titleZh":"學歷＋准用教員 → 補讀師訓","titleEn":"Academic qualification plus permit → complete teacher training","stepsZh":["持學術學位但未受師訓者，由學校代為申請准用教員許可證","喺許可證指定學校任教，任教科目受許可證條件限制","轉往另一間學校須重新申請許可證","補讀認可師資課程以取得檢定教員身分"],"stepsEn":["With an academic degree but no teacher training, have the school apply for a permit to teach","Teach at the school named in the permit, with subjects limited by its conditions","Re-apply for a permit when moving to another school","Complete a recognised teacher training programme to attain registered teacher status"],"sourceIds":["careers-secondary-school-teacher-1","careers-secondary-school-teacher-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"准用教員","titleEn":"Permitted teacher"},{"titleZh":"檢定教員（學位教師）","titleEn":"Registered teacher (graduate teacher)"},{"titleZh":"科主任／級主任","titleEn":"Subject panel head / form master"},{"titleZh":"副校長","titleEn":"Vice-principal"},{"titleZh":"校長","titleEn":"Principal"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"准用教員","titleEn":"Permitted teacher"},{"titleZh":"檢定教員（學位教師）","titleEn":"Registered teacher (graduate teacher)"},{"titleZh":"科主任／級主任","titleEn":"Subject panel head / form master"},{"titleZh":"副校長","titleEn":"Vice-principal"},{"titleZh":"校長","titleEn":"Principal"}],"sourceIds":["careers-secondary-school-teacher-1","careers-secondary-school-teacher-2","careers-secondary-school-teacher-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"securities-dealer","titleZh":"證券交易代表","titleEn":"Securities dealer","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","ledeZh":"證券交易代表接受客戶買賣證券同基金嘅指示、提供市場資訊同執行交易，並須遵守銷售程序同認識客戶要求。從事受規管活動必須獲證監會發牌，並以持牌法團嘅持牌代表身分受僱。","ledeEn":"A securities dealer takes client orders to buy and sell securities and funds, provides market information and executes trades, following sales procedures and know-your-client requirements. Carrying on regulated activities requires a licence from the Securities and Futures Commission, normally as a licensed representative accredited to a licensed corporation.","bodyZh":"證券交易代表（俗稱經紀或客戶主任）嘅日常工作圍繞客戶同市場。佢哋接收客戶嘅買賣指示、報價、確認成交、跟進交收，亦要向客戶解釋產品風險同帳戶安排。近年網上交易普及，前線代表既要維持客戶關係，亦要處理產品適合性評估同銷售過程紀錄。市場波動大，工時同壓力都唔輕，但對市場觸覺同溝通技巧嘅要求高，做得好可以累積客戶同經驗。\n\n入行要過法定關卡。按《證券及期貨條例》，任何人為客戶進行受規管活動（例如證券交易，即第1類受規管活動），必須獲證監會發牌，或成為註冊機構（銀行）嘅有關人士。個人通常以持牌代表身分受僱於持牌法團，並須「隸屬」該法團；轉公司或轉受規管活動類別，都要重新申請或更改牌照。\n\n除咗牌照，申請人要令證監會信納自己係「適當人選」，即財務穩健、具備勝任能力、誠實可靠。學歷同經驗須符合《勝任能力指引》，一般透過認可嘅業界資格考試（例如證券及期貨從業員資格考試）同本地監管架構考試，或認可學歷加相關經驗達成。持牌後仍要持續符合適當人選準則，遵守操守準則同持續專業培訓要求；呢個牌係職業生涯嘅核心關卡，冇牌就唔可以合法做受規管活動。","bodyEn":"A securities dealer's work centres on clients and the market. They take client buy and sell orders, quote prices, confirm trades and follow up settlement, and explain product risks and account arrangements. With online trading now widespread, frontline dealers maintain client relationships while handling product suitability assessments and sales-process records for compliance. Market swings bring long hours and pressure, but the role rewards market sense and communication skills, and strong performers build a lasting client base and deep product knowledge.\n\nEntry runs through a statutory gate. Under the Securities and Futures Ordinance, anyone carrying on a regulated activity for clients — such as securities dealing (Type 1) — must be licensed by the Securities and Futures Commission or be a relevant individual of a registered institution (a bank). An individual is normally employed as a licensed representative accredited to a licensed corporation, and must be accredited to that corporation; changing firm or regulated activity requires a fresh application or a variation of the licence.\n\nBeyond the licence, applicants must satisfy the SFC that they are fit and proper — financially sound, competent, honest and reliable. Academic and experience requirements follow the Guidelines on Competence, generally met by passing recognised industry qualification examinations (such as the HKSI Licensing Examination) and a local regulatory framework paper, or by recognised academic qualifications plus relevant experience. Licence holders must remain fit and proper and follow the Code of Conduct and continuous professional training; without a licence, regulated activity cannot lawfully be carried on.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：客戶、市場同交易","titleEn":"The job: clients, markets and trades","bodyZh":"證券交易代表嘅日常離唔開客戶同市場。佢哋接收買賣指示、報價、確認成交同跟進交收，亦要向客戶講解產品風險同帳戶安排。近年網上交易普及，前線代表既要維持客戶關係，亦要處理產品適合性評估同銷售過程紀錄。市場波動大，工時同壓力唔輕，但對市場觸覺同溝通技巧嘅要求高，做得好可以累積客戶同經驗。","bodyEn":"A securities dealer's day revolves around clients and the market. They take buy and sell orders, quote prices, confirm trades and follow up settlement, and explain product risks and account arrangements to clients. With online trading now widespread, frontline dealers maintain client relationships while handling product suitability assessments and keeping sales-process records for compliance. Market swings bring long hours and pressure, but the role rewards market sense and communication skills, and strong performers build a lasting client base and deep product knowledge."},{"titleZh":"關卡：證監會發牌同持牌代表","titleEn":"The gate: SFC licensing and licensed representatives","bodyZh":"《證券及期貨條例》訂明，任何人為客戶進行受規管活動（例如證券交易，即第1類受規管活動），必須獲證監會發牌，或成為註冊機構（銀行）嘅有關人士。個人通常以持牌代表身分受僱於持牌法團，並須「隸屬」該法團；轉公司或轉受規管活動類別，都要重新申請或更改牌照。呢個牌係唔可以繞過嘅關卡，冇牌就唔可以合法替客戶做受規管活動。","bodyEn":"The Securities and Futures Ordinance provides that anyone carrying on a regulated activity for clients — such as securities dealing (Type 1) — must be licensed by the Securities and Futures Commission or be a relevant individual of a registered institution (a bank). An individual is normally employed as a licensed representative accredited to a licensed corporation, and must be accredited to that corporation; changing firm or regulated activity requires a fresh application or a variation of the licence. This gate cannot be bypassed: without a licence, regulated activity for clients cannot lawfully be carried on."},{"titleZh":"持續要求：適當人選同勝任能力","titleEn":"Ongoing requirements: fit and proper, and competence","bodyZh":"除牌照外，申請人要令證監會信納自己係「適當人選」，即財務穩健、勝任、誠實可靠。學歷同經驗須符合《勝任能力指引》，一般透過認可嘅業界資格考試（例如證券及期貨從業員資格考試）同本地監管架構考試，或認可學歷加相關經驗達成。持牌後仍要持續符合適當人選準則，遵守操守準則同持續專業培訓要求。牌照唔係一勞永逸，違規可被處分甚至撤銷。","bodyEn":"Beyond the licence, applicants must satisfy the SFC that they are fit and proper — financially sound, competent, honest and reputable. Academic and experience requirements follow the Guidelines on Competence, generally met by passing recognised industry qualification examinations (such as the HKSI Licensing Examination) and a local regulatory framework paper, or by recognised academic qualifications plus relevant experience. Once licensed, a dealer must remain fit and proper and follow the Code of Conduct and continuous professional training. A licence is not for life: breaches can lead to disciplinary action or revocation."}],"payBasisZh":"證券交易代表嘅薪酬通常由僱主（持牌法團）釐定，多數包含基本薪酬加按交易或銷售表現計算嘅佣金，實際組合由公司政策同僱傭合約決定；部分機構設有按產品同客戶類別劃分嘅獎勵安排。監管機構只規管銷售行為同操守，唔會規定薪酬水平。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay for a securities dealer is normally set by the employer (a licensed corporation), often as a basic salary plus commission tied to trading or sales performance, with the mix determined by company policy and the employment contract; some firms use incentive arrangements that vary by product and client segment. The regulator governs sales conduct and ethics, not pay levels. This site does not list specific amounts.","entryZh":["獲證監會發牌為持牌代表，並隸屬一間持牌法團","通過認可嘅業界資格考試（例如證券及期貨從業員資格考試）同本地監管架構考試，或具備認可學歷加相關經驗","符合《勝任能力指引》對學歷同經驗嘅要求","通過「適當人選」評估，包括財務狀況、品格同勝任能力","持續遵守操守準則同持續專業培訓要求"],"entryEn":["Licensed by the Securities and Futures Commission as a licensed representative accredited to a licensed corporation","Passing recognised industry qualification examinations (such as the HKSI Licensing Examination) and a local regulatory framework paper, or holding recognised academic qualifications plus relevant experience","Meeting the academic and experience requirements of the Guidelines on Competence","Passing the fit and proper assessment, covering financial status, character and competence","Ongoing compliance with the Code of Conduct and continuous professional training"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"考試＋受聘 → 持牌代表","titleEn":"Examinations plus employment → licensed representative","stepsZh":["通過認可業界資格考試同本地監管架構考試，或具備認可學歷加相關經驗","獲持牌法團聘用，並由公司向證監會提交牌照申請","獲發牌後成為該法團嘅持牌代表","持續符合適當人選準則並完成持續專業培訓"],"stepsEn":["Pass recognised industry qualification examinations and a local regulatory framework paper, or hold recognised academic qualifications plus relevant experience","Be employed by a licensed corporation, which submits the licence application to the SFC","Become a licensed representative accredited to that corporation once licensed","Remain fit and proper and complete continuous professional training"],"sourceIds":["careers-securities-dealer-1","careers-securities-dealer-2","careers-securities-dealer-3"]},{"titleZh":"銀行渠道 → 有關人士","titleEn":"Bank route → relevant individual","stepsZh":["受僱於註冊機構（銀行）從事受規管活動","由註冊機構向證監會及香港金融管理局申請成為有關人士","獲准後可為客戶進行相關受規管活動","同樣須符合勝任能力同適當人選要求"],"stepsEn":["Be employed by a registered institution (a bank) to carry on regulated activities","Have the institution apply to the SFC and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority for you to become a relevant individual","Once approved, carry on the relevant regulated activities for clients","Meet the same competence and fit and proper requirements"],"sourceIds":["careers-securities-dealer-1","careers-securities-dealer-4"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"持牌代表（客戶主任）","titleEn":"Licensed representative (dealer)"},{"titleZh":"高級客戶主任／團隊主管","titleEn":"Senior dealer / team head"},{"titleZh":"負責人員","titleEn":"Responsible officer"},{"titleZh":"部門主管／執行董事","titleEn":"Department head / executive director"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"持牌代表（客戶主任）","titleEn":"Licensed representative (dealer)"},{"titleZh":"高級客戶主任／團隊主管","titleEn":"Senior dealer / team head"},{"titleZh":"負責人員","titleEn":"Responsible officer"},{"titleZh":"部門主管／執行董事","titleEn":"Department head / executive director"}],"sourceIds":["careers-securities-dealer-1","careers-securities-dealer-2","careers-securities-dealer-3","careers-securities-dealer-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"security-control-room-operator","titleZh":"保安控制室操作員","titleEn":"Security control room operator","industryZh":"物業及環境服務","industryEn":"Property & environmental services","sectorId":"property","ledeZh":"保安控制室操作員喺控制室監察多路閉路電視同警報系統、調配巡邏人手、記錄事件，並按程序通知警方、消防或管理層。喺香港做保安工作必須持有警務處處長發出嘅有效保安人員許可證。","ledeEn":"A security control room operator monitors multiple CCTV and alarm feeds, deploys patrol staff, logs incidents and notifies police, fire services or management under procedure. In Hong Kong anyone performing security work for reward must hold a valid Security Personnel Permit issued by the Commissioner of Police.","bodyZh":"保安控制室操作員係物業同保安團隊嘅中樞。佢哋長時間留守控制室，透過閉路電視、門禁同警報系統監察大廈或設施狀況，發現異常就調配巡邏同事去處理，同時記錄時間、位置同經過。遇上火警、爆竊、傷人或其他緊急事故，要按既定程序通知警方、消防處或管理層，並保留錄影片段等證據。部分控制室仲要處理訪客登記、升降機困人同停車場系統。\n\n入行關卡係法定嘅。根據《保安及護衛服務條例》（第460章），任何為他人提供保安工作以换取報酬嘅人，都必須持有警務處處長發出嘅有效保安人員許可證（SPP）。申請須向警方牌照課提出，並按許可證類別符合《簽發保安人員許可證準則》，包括年齡、體能同品格（例如過往嚴重定罪）等要求。許可證一般有效期五年，屆滿要續期；年滿六十五歲嘅持證人，須定期提交醫生證明。\n\n唔少僱主要求新人先完成認可嘅保安培訓課程。呢類課程由保安及護衛業管理委員會認可，並經職業訓練局轄下知識及專業教育中心（PEAK）嘅質素保證系統（QASRS）認可。控制室工作特別講求細心、紀律同應變，因為一個判斷可能影響整棟大廈嘅安全。做滿一定年資後，可晉升為控制室主管、保安主管或轉往物業管理崗位。","bodyEn":"A security control room operator is the hub of a property's security team. Working long hours in the control room, they watch CCTV, access control and alarm systems across a building or facility; when something looks wrong they deploy patrol staff and log the time, location and details. In fires, burglaries, assaults or other emergencies, they notify the police, fire services or management under set procedures and preserve evidence such as video clips. Some control rooms also handle visitor registration, lift entrapments and car park systems.\n\nThe gate is statutory. Under the Security and Guarding Services Ordinance (Cap. 460), anyone who performs security work for another person for reward must hold a valid Security Personnel Permit (SPP) issued by the Commissioner of Police. Applications go to the Police Licensing Office and must meet the Criteria for Issuing a Security Personnel Permit, covering age, fitness and character, such as serious convictions in the past. A permit is normally valid for five years and must be renewed; holders aged 65 or above must submit medical certificates periodically.\n\nMany employers expect newcomers to complete a recognised security training course, approved by the Security and Guarding Services Industry Authority and recognised under the Quality Assurance System for Recognition Scheme (QASRS) run through PEAK of the Vocational Training Council. Control room work demands care, discipline and quick judgement, because one decision can affect the safety of a whole building. With experience, staff can move up to control room supervisor, security supervisor or property management roles.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：控制室日常","titleEn":"The job: daily life in the control room","bodyZh":"控制室操作員係物業保安團隊嘅中樞，長時間留守控制室，透過閉路電視、門禁同警報系統監察大廈或設施狀況。發現異常就調配巡邏同事處理，並記錄時間、位置同經過；遇上火警、爆竊、傷人或其他緊急事故，要按程序通知警方、消防處或管理層，並保留錄影片段等證據。部分控制室仲要處理訪客登記、升降機困人同停車場系統，工作強調專注同準確。","bodyEn":"A control room operator is the hub of a property's security team, staying long hours in the control room and watching CCTV, access control and alarm systems across a building or facility. When something looks wrong, they deploy patrol staff and log the time, location and details; in fires, burglaries, assaults or other emergencies they notify the police, fire services or management under procedure and preserve evidence such as video clips. Some control rooms also handle visitor registration, lift entrapments and car park systems, and the work demands focus and accuracy."},{"titleZh":"關卡：保安人員許可證（SPP）","titleEn":"The gate: the Security Personnel Permit","bodyZh":"按《保安及護衛服務條例》（第460章），任何為他人提供保安工作以换取報酬嘅人，都必須持有警務處處長發出嘅有效保安人員許可證（SPP）。申請須向警方牌照課提出，並符合《簽發保安人員許可證準則》，涵蓋年齡、體能同品格（例如過往嚴重定罪）等要求。許可證一般有效期五年，屆滿須續期；年滿六十五歲嘅持證人，須定期提交醫生證明以證明適合從事保安工作。冇有效許可證而做保安工作即屬違法。","bodyEn":"Under the Security and Guarding Services Ordinance (Cap. 460), anyone who performs security work for another person for reward must hold a valid Security Personnel Permit (SPP) issued by the Commissioner of Police. Applications are made to the Police Licensing Office and must meet the Criteria for Issuing a Security Personnel Permit, covering age, fitness and character, such as serious convictions in the past. A permit is normally valid for five years and must be renewed on expiry; holders aged 65 or above must submit medical certificates periodically to show they are fit for security work. Performing security work without a valid permit is an offence."},{"titleZh":"培訓同晉升","titleEn":"Training and progression","bodyZh":"唔少僱主要求新人先完成認可嘅保安培訓課程。呢類課程由保安及護衛業管理委員會認可，並經職業訓練局轄下知識及專業教育中心（PEAK）嘅質素保證系統（QASRS）認可，內容涵蓋法例、消防安全同實務技巧。控制室工作特別講求細心、紀律同應變，因為一個判斷足以影響整棟大廈嘅安全。累積經驗後，可晉升為控制室主管、保安主管，甚至轉往物業管理崗位。","bodyEn":"Many employers expect newcomers to complete a recognised security training course. Such courses are approved by the Security and Guarding Services Industry Authority and recognised under the Quality Assurance System for Recognition Scheme (QASRS) run through PEAK of the Vocational Training Council, covering legislation, fire safety and practical skills. Control room work particularly demands care, discipline and quick judgement, because one decision can affect the safety of a whole building. With experience, staff can rise to control room supervisor, security supervisor, or move into property management roles."}],"payBasisZh":"保安控制室操作員嘅薪酬由僱主（物業管理公司、保安公司或設施管理公司）按職級、更份（例如夜更或輪班）同經驗釐定，部分公司會加入勤工或加班安排；行業薪酬水平並非由法例規定。本站不列具體金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay for a security control room operator is set by the employer (a property management, security or facility management company) according to grade, shift pattern (such as night or rotating shifts) and experience, and some firms add attendance or overtime arrangements; pay levels are not fixed by statute. This site does not list specific amounts.","entryZh":["持有警務處處長發出嘅有效保安人員許可證（SPP）","符合《簽發保安人員許可證準則》，包括年齡、體能同品格要求","通常須完成認可嘅保安培訓課程（例如QASRS認可課程）","能操作閉路電視、門禁同警報系統，並準確記錄事件","具備應變、溝通同輪班工作能力"],"entryEn":["Holding a valid Security Personnel Permit (SPP) issued by the Commissioner of Police","Meeting the Criteria for Issuing a Security Personnel Permit, covering age, fitness and character","Normally having completed a recognised security training course (such as a QASRS-recognised course)","Ability to operate CCTV, access control and alarm systems and to log incidents accurately","Readiness for emergencies, communication and shift work"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"許可證 → 培訓 → 控制室","titleEn":"Permit → training → control room","stepsZh":["向警方牌照課申請保安人員許可證（SPP）","完成認可嘅保安培訓課程","獲物業管理或保安公司聘用，接受在職控制室訓練","累積經驗後可任控制室主管或保安主管"],"stepsEn":["Apply to the Police Licensing Office for a Security Personnel Permit (SPP)","Complete a recognised security training course","Be employed by a property management or security company and receive on-the-job control room training","With experience, progress to control room supervisor or security supervisor"],"sourceIds":["careers-security-control-room-operator-1","careers-security-control-room-operator-2","careers-security-control-room-operator-4"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"保安員／控制室助理","titleEn":"Security guard / control room assistant"},{"titleZh":"保安控制室操作員","titleEn":"Security control room operator"},{"titleZh":"控制室主管","titleEn":"Control room supervisor"},{"titleZh":"保安主管／物業管理主任","titleEn":"Security supervisor / property management officer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"保安員／控制室助理","titleEn":"Security guard / control room assistant"},{"titleZh":"保安控制室操作員","titleEn":"Security control room operator"},{"titleZh":"控制室主管","titleEn":"Control room supervisor"},{"titleZh":"保安主管／物業管理主任","titleEn":"Security supervisor / property management officer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-security-control-room-operator-1","careers-security-control-room-operator-2","careers-security-control-room-operator-3","careers-security-control-room-operator-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"solar-panel-technician","titleZh":"太陽能系統安裝技工","titleEn":"Solar panel installer","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","emerging":true,"ledeZh":"太陽能系統安裝技工喺天台或地面裝太陽能板同支架、鋪電纜、駁逆變器，做測試同保養清洗。入行關卡係註冊電業資格同機電工藝測試，相關工序受《電力條例》規管。","ledeEn":"Solar panel installers mount panels and mounting frames on roofs or ground, run cabling, connect inverters and monitoring systems, test the array and keep it clean. The gateway is not a single government licence but electrical-worker registration and an electrical or mechanical trade test, since fixed-installation work falls under the Electricity Ordinance.","bodyZh":"呢個工種日日同太陽能光伏系統打交道。安裝階段，技工要先睇圖則同現場日照，揀好支架同繫穩點，將組件裝上天台、村屋屋頂或地面，做好防水同抗風，再鋪設直流電纜、安裝逆變器同配電箱。駁線時要分清楚正負極、做接地同過流保護，並且同電力公司嘅接駁申請配合。系統運行之後，佢哋要定期清洗組件積塵、檢查接頭有無鬆脫、量度絕緣電阻同輸出功率，並用監測平台睇發電量有無異常下跌。\n\n香港冇一個叫「太陽能系統安裝技工」嘅單一法定牌照，關卡散落喺幾條規例上面。按機電工程署嘅《太陽能發電系統安裝指南》，太陽能系統涉及樓宇結構、電力同消防等要求，喺天台或村屋裝設往往要由《建築物條例》下註冊嘅認可人士核證結構安全。更關鍵嘅係，凡涉及固定電力裝置嘅電力工作，必須由機電工程署註冊嘅電業承辦商同電業工程人員進行，呢點係《電力條例》嘅硬性規定。若系統接駁電網參與上網電價，發電設施擁有人仲要按《電力條例》第21條向機電署註冊該發電設施。\n\n想入行嘅人，一般先修讀機電或屋宇裝備課程，再考建造業議會嘅機電工藝測試並累積現場經驗，逐步向註冊電業工程人員嘅階梯進發。隨住政府推廣可再生能源同上網電價，屋頂同村屋安裝需求上升，但同時對結構安全、防水同電力保護嘅要求亦趨嚴，具備電業資格同實戰經驗嘅技工較有優勢。日常工作中，團隊由安裝技工、線路技工到項目主管分工合作，資深者可轉做系統設計協調或維修主管。","bodyEn":"This trade works day to day with solar photovoltaic systems. At the installation stage the technician reads the drawings and checks site shading, selects mounting frames and fixing points, mounts the modules on a rooftop, village-house roof or the ground, applies waterproofing and wind resistance, then lays DC cabling and installs the inverter and distribution box. Wiring calls for correct polarity, earthing and over-current protection, coordinated with the power company's grid-connection application. Once the system runs, the technician cleans dust off the modules, checks for loose connectors, measures insulation resistance and output, and watches the monitoring platform for any abnormal drop in generation.\n\nHong Kong has no single licence called solar panel installer; the gateways sit across several rules. Under the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department's Guidance Notes for Solar Photovoltaic System Installation, a PV system raises building-structure, electricity and fire-safety requirements, and rooftop or village-house installations often need structural certification by an authorised person registered under the Buildings Ordinance. More fundamentally, electrical work on fixed installations must be carried out by an EMSD-registered electrical contractor and electrical worker, a hard rule under the Electricity Ordinance. Where a system is connected to the grid for the Feed-in Tariff, the owner must also register the generating facility with EMSD under section 21 of the Ordinance.\n\nNewcomers usually study an electrical or building-services course, pass a Construction Industry Council electrical and mechanical trade test, build site experience and move up the ladder towards registered electrical worker. As the Government promotes renewable energy and the Feed-in Tariff, demand for rooftop and village-house installation is rising, yet structural safety, waterproofing and electrical protection rules are tightening, so workers with an electrical qualification and hands-on experience have an edge. Teams are split between installers, cable workers and site supervisors, and experienced staff can move into design coordination or maintenance supervision.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：由支架到監測平台","titleEn":"The job: from mounting frames to the monitoring platform","bodyZh":"安裝前，技工要配合設計確認組件排布，揀選穩固嘅繫穩點同支架角度，確保唔會被附近樓宇或樹木遮擋。上板之後要壓實防水層、鎖好螺栓，避免大風時鬆脫。鋪設直流電纜要分開正負線、加保護管，接入逆變器後再做接地同隔離開關。系統投入運作後，日常工作包括清洗積塵、檢查接頭氧化、量度輸出功率同絕緣電阻，並透過監測平台比對發電量。出現發電量異常下跌，就要逐串排查，可能係組件污損、鬆線、逆變器故障或陰影所致，講求有系統嘅診斷能力。","bodyEn":"Before installation the technician works with the designer to confirm module layout, choosing solid fixing points and a mounting angle that avoids shading by nearby buildings or trees. After mounting, the waterproof layer must be compressed and bolts tightened so nothing works loose in strong wind. DC cabling is run with positive and negative lines separated and in protective conduit, then wired into the inverter with earthing and an isolator. Once running, routine work includes washing off dust, checking connectors for oxidation, measuring output and insulation resistance, and comparing generation on the monitoring platform. When output drops abnormally the technician traces string by string; the cause may be soiling, a loose line, an inverter fault or shading, which calls for systematic fault-finding."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：電力條例同註冊資格","titleEn":"The gate: the Electricity Ordinance and registration","bodyZh":"香港冇一個專為太陽能安裝技工而設嘅法定註冊名冊。規管主要嚟自兩邊：結構方面，天台或村屋裝設光伏系統要符合《建築物條例》要求，部分情況須由認可人士核證並向地政總署或屋宇署提交證明；電力方面，凡涉及固定電力裝置嘅安裝、測試同維修，都必須由機電工程署註冊嘅電業承辦商同電業工程人員進行。若系統接駁電網，發電設施擁有人須按《電力條例》第21條向機電署註冊，並向電力公司提交設計、技術規格同測試資料申請上網電價。因此，行內普遍要求技工有電業資格或通過相關機電工藝測試。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no statutory register dedicated to solar installers. Regulation comes from two sides. On structure, rooftop or village-house PV work must meet Buildings Ordinance requirements, and in some cases needs certification by an authorised person and submission to the Lands Department or Buildings Department. On electricity, any installation, testing or maintenance of a fixed electrical installation must be done by an EMSD-registered electrical contractor and electrical worker. If the system is grid-connected, the owner must register the generating facility with EMSD under section 21 of the Electricity Ordinance and submit design, technical specification and test data to the power company for the Feed-in Tariff. As a result, employers commonly require an electrical qualification or a relevant electrical/mechanical trade test."},{"titleZh":"行業前景：上網電價帶動需求","titleEn":"Prospects: the Feed-in Tariff drives demand","bodyZh":"政府自推出上網電價計劃以來，私人可再生能源系統嘅接駁個案明顯增加，帶動屋頂同村屋安裝、驗收同保養嘅工作量。同時，對結構安全、防水同電力保護嘅要求不斷收緊，令只靠經驗、唔熟規例嘅散工較難入場。出路方面，可由安裝技工做到線路技工、系統技術員，再晉升為項目主管或維修主管；亦可考取註冊電業工程人員資格，專責接駁電網同調試工作。想入行嘅人，宜先打好電學同機械基礎，再累積光伏系統嘅實戰經驗。","bodyEn":"Since the Government launched the Feed-in Tariff scheme, private renewable-energy connections have clearly multiplied, driving volume in rooftop and village-house installation, commissioning and maintenance. At the same time, tightening structural, waterproofing and electrical-protection rules make it harder for casual labour without regulatory knowledge to stay in the market. Career paths run from installer to cable worker to system technician, then on to project or maintenance supervisor, and a worker who gains registered-electrical-worker status can specialise in grid connection and commissioning. Newcomers are best advised to build a foundation in electrical and mechanical theory first, then accumulate hands-on PV system experience."}],"payBasisZh":"太陽能系統安裝技工多受僱於太陽能工程公司、機電承建商或物業維修公司，薪酬由僱主按技術資格（例如有無註冊電業工程人員資格）、經驗同工程性質自行釐定，行內亦有按件或按日計酬嘅做法，冇劃一法定薪級。受僱於政府或公營機構嘅，則按所屬機構嘅薪級制度釐定。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"Solar panel installers are mostly employed by solar engineering firms, electrical and mechanical contractors or property maintenance companies, and pay is set by the employer according to technical qualifications (such as registered-electrical-worker status), experience and the nature of the job; piece or daily rates are common and there is no uniform statutory pay scale. Those employed by the Government or public bodies follow that organisation's own pay structure. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["修讀機電、屋宇裝備或可再生能源相關課程（例如職業訓練局舉辦嘅相關課程）","通過建造業議會相關工種嘅機電工藝測試，如涉指定工序須按《建造業工人註冊條例》註冊","如從事固定電力裝置嘅電力工作，須為機電工程署註冊電業工程人員（受《電力條例》規管）","熟悉太陽能組件、逆變器、支架安裝同防水施工，並能閱讀圖則","能接受戶外、高空同輪更工作，並重視工地安全"],"entryEn":["Completion of an electrical, building-services or renewable-energy programme (for example a Vocational Training Council course)","Passing a relevant Construction Industry Council electrical and mechanical trade test, with registration under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance where designated operations are involved","Registration with the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department as an electrical worker for fixed electrical installation work (governed by the Electricity Ordinance)","Familiarity with PV modules, inverters, mounting frames and waterproofing, and the ability to read drawings","Willingness to accept outdoor, height and shift work, with a strong safety mindset"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"機電課程 → 工藝測試 → 註冊電業工程人員","titleEn":"Electrical course to trade test to registered electrical worker","stepsZh":["修讀機電或屋宇裝備課程，打好電學基礎","通過建造業議會相關工種嘅機電工藝測試","累積電力裝置相關工作經驗","向機電工程署申請註冊為電業工程人員"],"stepsEn":["Study an electrical or building-services course to build a foundation in electrical theory","Pass the relevant Construction Industry Council electrical and mechanical trade test","Accumulate experience in electrical installation work","Apply to the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department for registration as an electrical worker"],"sourceIds":["careers-solar-panel-technician-1","careers-solar-panel-technician-3"]},{"titleZh":"安裝技工 → 系統技術員 → 項目主管","titleEn":"Installer to system technician to project supervisor","stepsZh":["由安裝技工做起，累積光伏系統實戰經驗","掌握逆變器、配電同監測系統嘅調試","協調結構核證同接駁電網申請","晉升為項目主管或維修主管"],"stepsEn":["Start as an installer and build hands-on PV system experience","Master commissioning of inverters, distribution and monitoring systems","Coordinate structural certification and grid-connection applications","Progress to project supervisor or maintenance supervisor"],"sourceIds":["careers-solar-panel-technician-2","careers-solar-panel-technician-4"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"太陽能安裝助理技工","titleEn":"Solar installation assistant"},{"titleZh":"太陽能系統安裝技工","titleEn":"Solar panel installer"},{"titleZh":"太陽能系統技術員","titleEn":"Solar system technician"},{"titleZh":"太陽能項目主管","titleEn":"Solar project supervisor"},{"titleZh":"可再生能源工程師","titleEn":"Renewable energy engineer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"太陽能安裝助理技工","titleEn":"Solar installation assistant"},{"titleZh":"太陽能系統安裝技工","titleEn":"Solar panel installer"},{"titleZh":"太陽能系統技術員","titleEn":"Solar system technician"},{"titleZh":"太陽能項目主管","titleEn":"Solar project supervisor"},{"titleZh":"可再生能源工程師","titleEn":"Renewable energy engineer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-solar-panel-technician-1","careers-solar-panel-technician-2","careers-solar-panel-technician-3","careers-solar-panel-technician-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"special-education-teacher","titleZh":"特殊教育教師","titleEn":"Special education teacher","industryZh":"教育及培訓","industryEn":"Education & training","sectorId":"education","ledeZh":"特殊教育教師為有特殊學習需要嘅學生設計個別學習計劃、調適教材同評估，並處理行為同情緒，同家長、社工、治療師協作。入行要先獲教育局檢定教員或准用教員資格，任教學校受《教育條例》規管。","ledeEn":"Special education teachers design individual learning plans for students with special educational needs, adapt materials and assessment, handle behaviour and emotions, and work with parents, social workers and therapists. Entry requires registration with the Education Bureau as a registered or permitted teacher, under the Education Ordinance.","bodyZh":"特殊教育教師嘅日常，係圍繞每個學生嘅個別差異去設計學習。佢哋要為有特殊學習需要嘅學生制訂「個別化教育計劃」，將課程目標拆細成可達成嘅小步驟，並調適教材、評估方式同課堂節奏。課堂上，除咗教學，佢哋要處理學生嘅行為同情緒，運用視覺提示、結構化流程同獎勵機制，幫助學生穩定參與。佢哋亦要同家長緊密溝通，並與校內嘅社工、教育心理學家、言語治療師、職業治療師同物理治療師協作，按學生需要調整支援。\n\n入行關卡係教師註冊。《教育條例》第42條規定，任何人士喺學校任教，必須為檢定教員或准用教員。持有教學資格（例如教師證書或學位教師教育文憑／證書）並符合居留要求嘅，可申請成為檢定教員；如只有學歷而未有師資培訓，就要先受僱於一所學校，再由校監代為申請准用教員，任教中、小學或專上課程嘅准用教員最低學歷要求為高級文憑或副學士學位或同等學歷。\n\n至於特殊教育嘅專業訓練，想投身特殊學校或支援特殊學習需要嘅人，通常會進修特殊教育相關嘅學位或證書。以香港教育大學嘅教育榮譽學士（特殊需要）為例，課程對象係服務特殊教育同融合環境嘅在職教師，未持有初始師資培訓嘅學員，完成課程後可向教育局申請成為檢定教員。特殊學校嘅教師編制同晉升，則按教育局嘅《資助則例》同相關通告釐定。","bodyEn":"A special education teacher's day is built around each student's individual differences. Teachers draw up individualised education plans for students with special educational needs, breaking curriculum goals into achievable small steps and adapting materials, assessment and lesson pace. In the classroom, beyond teaching, they manage behaviour and emotions using visual cues, structured routines and reward systems to keep students engaged. They also communicate closely with parents and collaborate with social workers, educational psychologists, speech therapists, occupational therapists and physiotherapists to adjust support.\n\nThe gate is teacher registration. Section 42 of the Education Ordinance provides that anyone teaching in a school must be a registered teacher or a permitted teacher. Those holding a teaching qualification, such as a teacher's certificate or a postgraduate diploma or certificate in education, and meeting the residence requirements may apply to be a registered teacher; those with academic qualifications but no teacher training must first be employed by a school and have the supervisor apply for permitted-teacher status, for which the minimum academic requirement for primary, secondary or post-secondary teaching is a higher diploma or associate degree, or equivalent.\n\nAs for specialist training, those aiming for special schools or SEN support usually pursue a special-education degree or certificate. The Education University of Hong Kong's Bachelor of Education (Honours) (Special Needs), for instance, targets serving teachers in special and inclusive settings, and graduates without initial teacher training may apply to the Education Bureau to become registered teachers after completing the programme. Staffing and promotion in special schools follow the Education Bureau's Code of Aid and related circulars.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：個別化計劃同團隊協作","titleEn":"The job: individualised plans and teamwork","bodyZh":"特殊教育教師嘅核心工作係「個別化教育計劃」。佢哋要觀察學生嘅能力同限制，將學習目標拆成細步，設計適合嘅教材同評估，並定期檢視進度。課堂上，學生嘅專注、情緒同行為差異好大，教師要用結構化流程、視覺提示同清晰指令去支援。除咗教學，佢哋仲要同教育心理學家、言語治療師、職業治療師、物理治療師、社工同家長開會，協調支援策略。特殊學校往往設有護理同宿舍部，教師亦要同護士、宿舍人員配合，照顧學生嘅日常需要。","bodyEn":"The core of the work is the individualised education plan. Teachers observe a student's abilities and limitations, break learning goals into small steps, design suitable materials and assessment, and review progress regularly. In class, students differ widely in attention, emotion and behaviour, so teachers use structured routines, visual cues and clear instructions. Beyond teaching, they meet educational psychologists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, social workers and parents to coordinate support strategies. Special schools often have nursing and boarding sections, so teachers also work with nurses and hostel staff to meet students' daily needs."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：教師註冊同資歷","titleEn":"The gate: teacher registration and qualifications","bodyZh":"《教育條例》第42條規定，任何人士喺學校任教，必須為檢定教員或准用教員。持有教學資格嘅人，可申請成為檢定教員；只有學歷而未受師資培訓嘅人，須先受僱於學校，再由校監遞交申請，獲批後取得准用教員許可證，任教中、小學或專上課程者最低學歷為高級文憑或副學士學位或同等學歷。非本地學歷須經香港學術及職業資歷評審局評估。至於特殊教育本身，香港並無強制嘅特殊教育牌照，但特殊學校同支援崗位普遍要求具備特殊教育訓練或相關經驗。","bodyEn":"Section 42 of the Education Ordinance provides that anyone teaching in a school must be a registered teacher or a permitted teacher. Holders of a teaching qualification may apply to be registered teachers; those with academic qualifications but no teacher training must first be employed by a school and have the supervisor submit an application, after which a permitted-teaching permit is issued, with a higher diploma or associate degree, or equivalent, as the minimum academic requirement for primary, secondary or post-secondary teaching. Non-local qualifications must be assessed by the Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications. As for special education itself, Hong Kong has no compulsory special-education licence, but special schools and support posts generally require special-education training or relevant experience."},{"titleZh":"專業進修同出路","titleEn":"Further study and pathways","bodyZh":"在職教師可透過進修提升特殊教育嘅專業能力。例如教育大學嘅教育榮譽學士（特殊需要）課程，對象係喺特殊教育同融合環境服務嘅教師，未具初始師資培訓嘅學員完成後可申請成為檢定教員。學校層面上，特殊學校按《資助則例》同教育局通告設置教師編制，並設有特殊教育需要統籌主任等崗位。出路方面，可由學位教師做起，逐步晉升為高級學位教師、科主任或特殊教育需要統籌主任，再向副校長、校長發展；亦可專注某一類特殊需要，成為校內嘅專科支援人員。","bodyEn":"Serving teachers can strengthen their special-education expertise through further study. The Education University of Hong Kong's Bachelor of Education (Honours) (Special Needs), for example, targets teachers working in special and inclusive settings, and participants without initial teacher training can apply to become registered teachers on completion. At school level, special schools set their teaching establishment under the Code of Aid and Education Bureau circulars, including posts such as Special Educational Needs Coordinator. Career paths start from a graduate teacher and move up to senior graduate master, panel head or SEN coordinator, then towards vice-principal and principal, or a teacher may specialise in one type of special need and become a school-based support specialist."}],"payBasisZh":"特殊教育教師嘅薪酬視乎受僱機構。受聘於教育局（官立學校）嘅，按公務員薪級制度釐定；受聘於資助特殊學校嘅，按教育局《資助則例》同相關資助學校薪級釐定；私立或非資助學校則由僱主自行決定。教師職級嘅晉升同薪酬掛鈎，須符合《資助則例》及相關通告嘅規定。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay for special education teachers depends on the employer. Those employed by the Education Bureau (government schools) are paid under the civil service pay structure; those in aided special schools are paid under the Education Bureau's Code of Aid and the related aided-school salary scales; private or non-aided schools set pay at the employer's discretion. Promotion between teacher ranks is tied to pay and must meet the requirements of the Code of Aid and related circulars. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["持有認可大學學位或同等學歷","持有教學資格，例如教師證書或學位教師教育文憑／證書","向教育局完成教師註冊；未具師資培訓者須先受僱於學校，由校監申請准用教員","具備特殊教育相關訓練或照顧特殊學習需要嘅經驗","具備課堂管理能力，並能與家長及跨專業團隊協作"],"entryEn":["A recognised university degree or equivalent","A teaching qualification, such as a teacher's certificate or a postgraduate diploma or certificate in education","Completion of teacher registration with the Education Bureau; those without teacher training must first be employed by a school and have the supervisor apply for permitted-teacher status","Special-education training or experience in supporting students with special educational needs","Classroom-management skills and the ability to work with parents and a multidisciplinary team"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學位＋師訓 → 教師註冊 → 特殊學校任教","titleEn":"Degree and teacher training to registration to special-school teaching","stepsZh":["修讀認可學位及學位教師教育文憑／證書等教學資格","向教育局申請成為檢定教員","進修特殊教育相關學位或證書","受聘於特殊學校或支援特殊學習需要嘅崗位"],"stepsEn":["Complete a recognised degree and a teaching qualification such as a postgraduate diploma in education","Apply to the Education Bureau to become a registered teacher","Study a special-education degree or certificate","Take up a post in a special school or a role supporting special educational needs"],"sourceIds":["careers-special-education-teacher-1","careers-special-education-teacher-3"]},{"titleZh":"在職進修 → 特殊教育統籌 → 晉升","titleEn":"In-service study to SEN coordination to promotion","stepsZh":["以准用教員或學位教師身份入職並累積經驗","在職進修特殊教育學位或證書","出任特殊教育需要統籌主任或科主任","按《資助則例》晉升為高級職級"],"stepsEn":["Join as a permitted teacher or graduate teacher and build experience","Study a special-education degree or certificate while working","Take up the post of Special Educational Needs Coordinator or panel head","Progress to senior ranks under the Code of Aid"],"sourceIds":["careers-special-education-teacher-1","careers-special-education-teacher-2"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學位教師","titleEn":"Graduate teacher"},{"titleZh":"高級學位教師","titleEn":"Senior graduate teacher"},{"titleZh":"特殊教育需要統籌主任／科主任","titleEn":"SEN Coordinator / panel head"},{"titleZh":"副校長","titleEn":"Vice-principal"},{"titleZh":"校長","titleEn":"Principal"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學位教師","titleEn":"Graduate teacher"},{"titleZh":"高級學位教師","titleEn":"Senior graduate teacher"},{"titleZh":"特殊教育需要統籌主任／科主任","titleEn":"SEN Coordinator / panel head"},{"titleZh":"副校長","titleEn":"Vice-principal"},{"titleZh":"校長","titleEn":"Principal"}],"sourceIds":["careers-special-education-teacher-1","careers-special-education-teacher-2","careers-special-education-teacher-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"sports-coach","titleZh":"運動教練","titleEn":"Sports coach","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","ledeZh":"運動教練編排訓練計劃、示範同糾正技術動作、安排比賽同檢討表現，亦要留意運動員嘅身體同心態。香港冇單一法定牌照，入行關卡係港協暨奧委會同各體育總會嘅教練認證課程。","ledeEn":"Sports coaches plan training, demonstrate and correct technique, arrange competition and review performance, with an eye on athletes' physical condition and mindset. Hong Kong has no single statutory licence; the gateway is the coach accreditation programme run by the SF&OC and the national sports associations.","bodyZh":"運動教練嘅工作，係將運動員嘅能力一步步推高。佢哋要因應運動項目、運動員年齡同水平去編排訓練周期，設計技術、戰術同體能練習，示範正確動作並即時糾正錯誤。比賽前要制訂策略、安排熱身同心理準備；比賽後要檢討表現、分析數據同調整計劃。除咗技術，教練仲要照顧運動員嘅身體狀況同心理狀態，留意過度訓練同受傷風險，並同物理治療師、體能教練同運動科學人員配合。\n\n香港並無運動教練嘅法定發牌制度，認受性主要嚟自教練認證。目前港協暨奧委會夥拍港專學院同各體育總會提供「教練認證計劃」：港協暨奧委會及港專學院負責運動通論，包括教練倫理、教練原理、訓練法同運動科學，分為一級至三級課程；體育總會則負責運動專項嘅知識同技術培訓。一位同時取得運動通論同運動專項認證嘅教練，先算係獲香港教練培訓委員會認可嘅認證教練。\n\n認證之後並非一勞永逸。所有畢業生會成為香港教練培訓委員會註冊認證教練，要保持「認可」狀態，須累積一定嘅教練延續培訓時數以符合續期要求。香港教練培訓委員會亦制訂教練守則，要求教練以身作則、提倡公平競賽、確保訓練同比賽符合運動員年齡同體能，並避免過度訓練同任何形式嘅騷擾。想入行嘅人，通常先由入門課程入手，再按所屬運動項目逐步考取專項教練資格。","bodyEn":"A sports coach's job is to raise an athlete's ability step by step. Coaches plan a training cycle suited to the sport, the athlete's age and level, designing technical, tactical and physical sessions, demonstrating correct movement and correcting errors on the spot. Before competition they set strategy and prepare warm-up and mental readiness; afterwards they review performance, analyse data and adjust the plan. Beyond technique, they look after athletes' physical and mental condition, watch for overtraining and injury risk, and coordinate with physiotherapists, strength and conditioning coaches and sports scientists.\n\nHong Kong has no statutory licensing for sports coaches; recognition comes mainly from coach accreditation. At present the Sports Federation & Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China (SF&OC) works with the HKCT Institute of Higher Education and the national sports associations to run a Coach Accreditation Programme. The SF&OC and the institute deliver sports-general theories covering coaching ethics, principles, pedagogy and sports science at Levels 1 to 3, while the associations deliver sport-specific knowledge and technique. A coach accredited in both general theories and a specific sport is recognised as an accredited coach by the Hong Kong Coaching Committee.\n\nAccreditation is not a one-off. All graduates become accredited coaches registered with the Hong Kong Coaching Committee, and to keep that status they must accumulate continuing coach education hours to meet the renewal requirement. The Committee also sets a Coaches' Code of Conduct, requiring coaches to lead by example, promote fair play, ensure training and competition suit an athlete's age and fitness, and avoid overtraining and any form of harassment. Newcomers usually start with an introductory course and then take sport-specific coaching qualifications for their chosen sport.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：訓練設計同臨場應變","titleEn":"The job: planning training and reading the game","bodyZh":"運動教練嘅工作貫穿平時同賽時。平時，佢哋要按運動員嘅水平編排訓練周期，平衡技術、戰術同體能嘅比重，並透過觀察同數據評估進度。訓練場上，教練要示範動作、即時糾正錯誤，亦要調節運動員嘅情緒同信心。比賽期間，教練要臨場判斷對手、調整策略同換人；賽後要檢討表現，分析錄影同數據，再修訂之後嘅計劃。因為運動員嘅身體同心理狀況直接影響表現，教練亦要識得辨認過度訓練、疲勞同受傷徵兆，並同醫療及運動科學團隊協作。","bodyEn":"A coach's work runs through both training and competition. In training, coaches plan cycles suited to the athlete's level, balancing technical, tactical and physical work, and assess progress through observation and data. On the field they demonstrate movements, correct errors immediately, and steady an athlete's emotions and confidence. During competition they read the opponent, adjust tactics and make substitutions; afterwards they review performance, analyse footage and data, and revise the plan. Because an athlete's physical and mental state directly affects performance, coaches must also recognise signs of overtraining, fatigue and injury, and work with the medical and sports-science team."},{"titleZh":"關卡：教練認證計劃","titleEn":"The gate: the coach accreditation programme","bodyZh":"香港冇運動教練嘅法定發牌制度，入行嘅關卡係教練認證。港協暨奧委會夥拍港專學院同各體育總會提供「教練認證計劃」：運動通論由港協暨奧委會及港專學院負責，涵蓋教練倫理、教練原理、訓練法同運動科學，設一級、二級同三級課程；運動專項嘅知識同技術則由各體育總會培訓。要成為香港教練培訓委員會認可嘅認證教練，一般要同時具備運動通論同運動專項嘅認證。已註冊嘅認證教練須累積延續培訓時數以續期，並遵守教練守則。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no statutory licensing for sports coaches; the gateway is coach accreditation. The SF&OC works with the HKCT Institute of Higher Education and the national sports associations to run the Coach Accreditation Programme: the general theories, covering coaching ethics, principles, pedagogy and sports science, are delivered at Levels 1 to 3 by the SF&OC and the institute, while sport-specific knowledge and technique are provided by the associations. To be an accredited coach recognised by the Hong Kong Coaching Committee, a coach normally needs accreditation in both general theories and a specific sport. Registered accredited coaches must accumulate continuing education hours to renew, and must follow the Coaches' Code of Conduct."},{"titleZh":"出路：由學校到精英體育","titleEn":"Pathways: from schools to elite sport","bodyZh":"運動教練嘅出路相當闊。佢哋可以受僱於學校、體育總會、私人會所、社區體育計劃，或者以自僱形式帶私人班同訓練班。隨住運動員水平提升，部分教練會進入精英體育體系，擔任代表隊或體育學院嘅專項教練，並同體能、醫療同運動科學團隊緊密合作。要長遠發展，教練除咗考取更高級別嘅專項認證，亦要持續進修運動科學同教練法，並累積帶隊同比賽經驗。資深教練可晉升為總教練或教練主管，負責培訓其他教練同制訂訓練方針。","bodyEn":"A sports coach's prospects are broad. Coaches may be employed by schools, national sports associations, private clubs or community sports programmes, or work freelance running private and group classes. As athletes rise, some coaches move into the elite system as national-squad or sports-institute coaches, working closely with conditioning, medical and sports-science teams. To develop long term, a coach pursues higher sport-specific accreditation, keeps studying sports science and coaching methods, and builds experience in leading teams and competing. Senior coaches can become head coach or coaching manager, responsible for training other coaches and setting training direction."}],"payBasisZh":"運動教練嘅薪酬冇劃一法定薪級，視乎受僱機構而定：受僱於體育總會、康文署、學校或私人會所嘅，由僱主按資歷級別、項目同經驗自行釐定；自僱或私人班教練則按課節或逐次收費。受僱於政府或公營機構嘅，則按該機構嘅薪級制度釐定。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"There is no uniform statutory pay scale for sports coaches; it depends on the employer. Coaches employed by national sports associations, the LCSD, schools or private clubs are paid at rates set by the employer according to accreditation level, sport and experience, while self-employed or private-class coaches charge per lesson or session. Those employed by the Government or public bodies follow that organisation's own pay structure. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["完成港協暨奧委會及港專學院舉辦嘅運動通論教練認證課程（一級至三級）","取得所屬體育總會嘅運動專項教練認證","成為香港教練培訓委員會嘅註冊認證教練並累積延續培訓時數","具備相關運動項目嘅技術水平同實戰或比賽經驗","遵守香港教練培訓委員會嘅教練守則，重視運動員安全同發展"],"entryEn":["Completion of the SF&OC and HKCT Institute of Higher Education sports-general-theories coach accreditation courses (Levels 1 to 3)","Sport-specific coach accreditation from the relevant national sports association","Registration as an accredited coach with the Hong Kong Coaching Committee and accumulation of continuing education hours","Technical competence and practical or competitive experience in the relevant sport","Adherence to the Hong Kong Coaching Committee's Coaches' Code of Conduct, with a focus on athlete safety and development"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"運動通論認證 → 專項認證 → 註冊教練","titleEn":"General theories to sport-specific accreditation to registered coach","stepsZh":["報讀港協暨奧委會及港專學院嘅運動教練理論入門課程","按進度考取基礎及高級運動教練理論證書","向所屬體育總會考取運動專項教練認證","於香港教練培訓委員會註冊並定期續期"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in the SF&OC and HKCT Institute of Higher Education introductory sports coaching course","Progress to the Certificate in Foundation and Advanced Sports Coaching Theory","Obtain sport-specific coach accreditation from the relevant national sports association","Register with the Hong Kong Coaching Committee and renew periodically"],"sourceIds":["careers-sports-coach-1","careers-sports-coach-2"]},{"titleZh":"助教 → 專項教練 → 總教練","titleEn":"Assistant coach to specialist coach to head coach","stepsZh":["由助教或社區教練做起，累積帶訓經驗","考取運動專項教練認證並帶隊比賽","持續進修運動科學同教練法","晉升為總教練或教練主管"],"stepsEn":["Start as an assistant or community coach and build coaching hours","Gain sport-specific accreditation and lead teams in competition","Keep studying sports science and coaching methods","Progress to head coach or coaching manager"],"sourceIds":["careers-sports-coach-1"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"助教／社區教練","titleEn":"Assistant or community coach"},{"titleZh":"專項教練","titleEn":"Sport-specific coach"},{"titleZh":"高級專項教練","titleEn":"Senior sport-specific coach"},{"titleZh":"總教練","titleEn":"Head coach"},{"titleZh":"教練主管","titleEn":"Coaching manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"助教／社區教練","titleEn":"Assistant or community coach"},{"titleZh":"專項教練","titleEn":"Sport-specific coach"},{"titleZh":"高級專項教練","titleEn":"Senior sport-specific coach"},{"titleZh":"總教練","titleEn":"Head coach"},{"titleZh":"教練主管","titleEn":"Coaching manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-sports-coach-1","careers-sports-coach-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"sports-referee","titleZh":"運動裁判","titleEn":"Sports referee","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","ledeZh":"運動裁判喺比賽中執行球例同判決：控制比賽節奏、處理犯規同衝突、記錄賽果並於賽後撰寫報告。香港冇單一法定牌照，入行關卡係所屬體育總會嘅裁判課程、體能測試同持續評核。","ledeEn":"Sports referees enforce the rules during competition, controlling the tempo, handling fouls and confrontation, recording results and filing post-match reports. Hong Kong has no single statutory licence; the gateway is the governing body's refereeing course, fitness test and ongoing assessment.","bodyZh":"運動裁判嘅工作，係喺比賽現場即時執法。球證要熟讀球例同裁判指引，掌握判罰尺度，喺高速對抗中準確判斷犯規、越位同界外等情況。佢哋要控制比賽節奏同氣氛，必要時以口頭警告或出示黃牌、紅牌處理衝突，保障球員安全；亦要同旁證、第四裁判同其他執法團隊分工配合。比賽之後，裁判要填寫賽果同紀律報告，記錄入球、警告同驅逐等事項，供賽會跟進。\n\n香港並無運動裁判嘅單一法定牌照，認受性主要嚟自各體育總會嘅培訓同評核。以中國香港足球總會為例，佢哋每年舉辦新裁判課程，夏季開班，名額有限並以先到先得方式取錄；課程涵蓋球例、裁判指引同場地實習。學員要通過審核先可以成為註冊裁判，審核綜合筆試成績、課堂表現同場地實習評分。成為裁判之後，仲要每個球季通過體能測試，先會被委派執法足總主辦嘅賽事。\n\n體能係裁判嘅硬指標。足總每個球季設季初同季中兩次裁判體能測試，測試項目包括重複衝刺能力同間歇跑等，未能通過就唔會被委派賽事。裁判嘅晉升，主要靠持續執法嘅表現同評核，表現突出嘅年輕裁判有機會接受更高等級嘅培訓，甚至被提名到海外參與交流同深造。想入行嘅人，一般由總會嘅新裁判課程入手，通過考核同體測後逐步累積執法場次。","bodyEn":"A sports referee's job is to enforce the rules on the spot. A referee must know the laws and the guidance notes well, apply a consistent standard, and judge fouls, offside and out-of-play accurately amid fast, physical play. They control the pace and mood of the game, use verbal warnings or show yellow and red cards to manage confrontation and protect players, and coordinate with assistant referees, the fourth official and the wider officiating team. After the match they complete results and disciplinary reports, recording goals, cautions and dismissals for the competition organiser.\n\nHong Kong has no single statutory licence for sports referees; recognition comes mainly from the training and assessment of each national sports association. The Hong Kong Football Association, for example, runs a new referees course each year, held in summer with limited places allocated first come, first served, covering the laws of the game, refereeing guidelines and practical sessions. Trainees must pass an assessment that combines written-test results, class performance and practical scores to become registered referees. Once registered, a referee must also pass a fitness test each season before being appointed to officiate matches organised by the association.\n\nFitness is a hard requirement. The association holds two referee fitness tests each season, one pre-season and one mid-season, including repeated-sprint ability and interval running; a referee who fails is not appointed to matches. Progression depends mainly on performance and assessment over time, and outstanding young referees may receive higher-level training or even be nominated for overseas exchanges. Newcomers usually begin with the governing body's new referees course and build up officiating experience after passing the assessment and fitness test.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：臨場執法同賽後報告","titleEn":"The job: officiating and post-match reports","bodyZh":"裁判嘅工作高度依賴判斷同體能。比賽期間，裁判要緊貼比賽節奏，喺高速對抗中判斷犯規、越位同手球等情況，並保持判罰尺度一致。除咗吹罰，佢哋要控制場上氣氛，遇有衝突要即時分隔雙方，必要時出示黃牌或紅牌，保障球員安全。裁判亦要同旁證、第四裁判協調，處理換人同補時。比賽後，裁判要撰寫賽果同紀律報告，記錄入球、警告、驅逐同任何特別事故，交予賽會跟進，制度講求準確同公正。","bodyEn":"Refereeing depends heavily on judgement and fitness. During a match the referee keeps up with the tempo, judges fouls, offside and handball amid fast, physical play, and applies a consistent standard. Beyond blowing the whistle, the referee manages the mood of the game, separates players in a confrontation and shows yellow or red cards when necessary to protect them. Referees also coordinate with assistant referees and the fourth official, and handle substitutions and added time. After the match they write results and disciplinary reports recording goals, cautions, dismissals and any special incidents for the organiser, a system that demands accuracy and fairness."},{"titleZh":"關卡：裁判課程同體能測試","titleEn":"The gate: referees course and fitness test","bodyZh":"香港冇運動裁判嘅單一法定牌照，入行要靠體育總會嘅培訓同考核。中國香港足球總會每年夏季舉辦新裁判課程，名額有限、先到先得，內容涵蓋球例、裁判指引同場地實習。學員審核會綜合筆試成績、課堂表現同場地實習評分，通過先成為註冊裁判。成為裁判之後，每個球季仍要通過季初同季中嘅體能測試，測試包括重複衝刺同間歇跑等項目，只有通過測試嘅裁判先會被委派執法足總主辦嘅賽事，可見體能同紀律係長期要求。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no single statutory licence for referees; entry depends on the governing body's training and assessment. The Hong Kong Football Association holds a new referees course each summer, with limited places allocated first come, first served, covering the laws of the game, refereeing guidelines and practical sessions. Assessment combines written-test results, class performance and practical scores, and only those who pass become registered referees. Even then, a referee must pass pre-season and mid-season fitness tests each season, covering repeated-sprint ability and interval running, and only referees who pass are appointed to matches organised by the association, showing that fitness and discipline are long-term requirements."},{"titleZh":"出路：由本地賽事到國際舞台","titleEn":"Pathways: from local matches to the international stage","bodyZh":"裁判嘅晉升靠累積執法場次同評核表現。年輕裁判一般由較低組別嘅本地賽事做起，表現穩定嘅會逐步執法更高水平嘅聯賽同盃賽，部分有潛質嘅會被推薦參加精英裁判培訓，甚至獲提名到海外交流同深造。除咗足球，其他體育項目亦各有裁判培訓同評核制度。裁判多數以兼職形式執法，收入按賽事場次計，因此不少裁判同時有正職。想長遠發展嘅人，需要持續進修球例、保持體能，並累積大型賽事嘅執法經驗。","bodyEn":"A referee advances by accumulating matches and assessment results. Young referees usually start with lower-division local matches, and those who perform consistently move up to higher-level leagues and cup competitions; some with potential are recommended for elite referee training or even nominated for overseas exchange. Beyond football, other sports have their own referee training and assessment systems. Referees typically officiate part time and are paid by the match, so many hold another job. To develop long term, a referee must keep studying the laws, maintain fitness and build experience in major competitions."}],"payBasisZh":"運動裁判多數以兼職形式執法，薪酬或津貼由主辦賽事嘅體育總會或賽會按賽事級別同場次自行釐定，冇劃一法定薪級；部分賽事只提供象徵式車馬費。受僱於政府或公營機構嘅全職體育職位，則按該機構嘅薪級制度釐定。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"Referees mostly officiate part time, and pay or allowance is set by the organising national sports association or competition body according to the level and number of matches, with no uniform statutory scale; some events offer only a token allowance. Full-time sports posts in the Government or public bodies follow that organisation's pay structure. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["報讀並完成所屬體育總會舉辦嘅新裁判課程","通過裁判考核（綜合筆試、課堂表現同場地實習評分）","熟讀球例同裁判指引，並能保持判罰尺度一致","每個球季通過體能測試（例如重複衝刺同間歇跑）","具備良好溝通同臨場應變能力，能處理衝突"],"entryEn":["Enrol in and complete the new referees course run by the relevant national sports association","Pass the refereeing assessment, which combines written-test, class-performance and practical scores","Know the laws of the game and refereeing guidelines well, and apply a consistent standard","Pass a fitness test each season, such as repeated-sprint and interval running","Good communication and decision-making under pressure, with the ability to handle confrontation"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"新裁判課程 → 考核 → 註冊裁判","titleEn":"New referees course to assessment to registered referee","stepsZh":["報讀體育總會嘅新裁判課程並完成課堂","通過球例筆試同場地實習評核","通過季初體能測試","註冊成為裁判並獲委派執法"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in the governing body's new referees course and complete the classes","Pass the laws written test and the practical assessment","Pass the pre-season fitness test","Register as a referee and take officiating appointments"],"sourceIds":["careers-sports-referee-1","careers-sports-referee-2"]},{"titleZh":"本地賽事 → 精英培訓 → 國際執法","titleEn":"Local matches to elite training to international officiating","stepsZh":["由較低組別本地賽事累積執法場次","按表現晉升執法更高水平聯賽同盃賽","獲推薦參加精英裁判培訓","爭取海外交流同國際賽事執法機會"],"stepsEn":["Build matches officiating in lower-division local competitions","Move up to higher-level leagues and cups based on performance","Be recommended for elite referee training","Seek overseas exchange and international officiating opportunities"],"sourceIds":["careers-sports-referee-1","careers-sports-referee-2"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習裁判","titleEn":"Trainee referee"},{"titleZh":"註冊裁判","titleEn":"Registered referee"},{"titleZh":"助理裁判／旁證","titleEn":"Assistant referee"},{"titleZh":"精英裁判","titleEn":"Elite referee"},{"titleZh":"國際級裁判","titleEn":"FIFA-level referee"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習裁判","titleEn":"Trainee referee"},{"titleZh":"註冊裁判","titleEn":"Registered referee"},{"titleZh":"助理裁判／旁證","titleEn":"Assistant referee"},{"titleZh":"精英裁判","titleEn":"Elite referee"},{"titleZh":"國際級裁判","titleEn":"FIFA-level referee"}],"sourceIds":["careers-sports-referee-1","careers-sports-referee-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"statistical-officer","titleZh":"統計師","titleEn":"Statistical Officer","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"統計師設計同執行統計調查、分析數據、編製官方統計報告，並向其他部門提供統計方法同數據質素嘅意見。入行關卡係公務員招聘：須持統計學學位或同等資歷，並通過綜合招聘考試同遴選。","ledeEn":"Statistical officers design and run statistical surveys, analyse data, compile official reports and advise other departments on methods and data quality. The gateway is civil service recruitment: a degree in statistics or equivalent, plus the Common Recruitment Examination and a selection process.","bodyZh":"統計師係政府統計處嘅專業職系，負責由調查設計到數據發布嘅整條流程。日常工作中，佢哋要設計統計調查嘅問卷同抽樣方法，監督資料收集，然後進行分析同數據科學研究，編製統計表、圖表同報告，並向數據使用者解釋統計數字的含義，協助政策制訂、規劃同研究。佢哋亦要向其他決策局同部門嘅統計組提供專業意見，並且督導統計人員嘅工作。\n\n入職關卡係公務員招聘同嚴格嘅學歷要求。按政府統計處公布嘅入職條件，申請人須持有本港大學頒授嘅統計學碩士學位，或同等學歷；或者持有統計學一級或二級榮譽學士學位（或獲香港統計學會學位統計師資格）再加上數學、經濟學、社會學等相關碩士學位；又或者持有統計學或相關學科嘅一級或二級榮譽學士學位，並具備最少兩年與統計相關嘅工作經驗。\n\n除咗學歷，申請人仲要通過綜合招聘考試嘅能力傾向測試、符合兩張語文試卷嘅語文能力要求，並在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格成績。遴選過程包括一場在香港舉行嘅筆試，考試時間三小時，以文章式題目中英文作答，測試統計觸覺、分析能力、解難技巧同撰寫技巧，計算只佔很小部分，筆試成績用作甄別可進入遴選面試嘅申請人。","bodyEn":"A statistical officer is a professional grade in the Census and Statistics Department, handling the whole chain from survey design to data release. Day to day, officers design questionnaires and sampling methods for statistical surveys, oversee data collection, then carry out analysis and data-science studies, compile statistical tables, charts and reports, and explain the meaning of figures to data users to support policy formulation, planning and research. They also advise the statistical units of other bureaux and departments and supervise statistical staff.\n\nThe gateway is civil service recruitment with strict academic requirements. According to the entry requirements published by the department, candidates must hold a Master degree in Statistics from a Hong Kong university, or equivalent; or a first or second class honours bachelor's degree in Statistics (or Graduate Statistician status of the Hong Kong Statistical Society) together with a Master degree in mathematics, economics, sociology or a related field; or a first or second class honours bachelor's degree in statistics or a related subject plus at least two years of statistics-related experience.\n\nBeyond academic qualifications, candidates must pass the Aptitude Test and meet the language proficiency requirements of the two language papers in the Common Recruitment Examination, and pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Selection includes a three-hour written examination held in Hong Kong, with essay-type questions in Chinese and English testing statistical sense, analytical ability, problem-solving and writing skills, with only minimal computation; the written result screens candidates for the selection interview.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：由調查設計到數據發布","titleEn":"The job: from survey design to data release","bodyZh":"統計師嘅工作跨越整個統計流程。調查開始前，佢哋要釐清數據用途，設計問卷同抽樣方法，確保樣本有代表性；收集期間要監控數據質素，處理不回應同誤差。數據到手之後，佢哋要清洗、分析同建立模型，編製統計表同圖表，撰寫報告並向公眾同數據使用者發布。除咗例行統計，佢哋亦要進行數據科學研究，處理較複雜嘅課題，並向其他部門嘅統計組提供方法意見同數據質素評估，同時督導統計人員。","bodyEn":"A statistical officer's work spans the whole statistical process. Before a survey, they clarify the purpose of the data, design questionnaires and sampling methods to keep the sample representative, and during collection they monitor data quality and handle non-response and error. Once data arrive, they clean and analyse them, build models, compile tables and charts, write reports and release them to the public and data users. Beyond routine statistics, they also carry out data-science studies on complex topics, advise the statistical units of other departments on methods and data-quality assessment, and supervise statistical staff."},{"titleZh":"入行關卡：學歷同公務員考試","titleEn":"The gate: qualifications and civil service examinations","bodyZh":"統計師係公務員職位，入職要同時滿足學歷同考試要求。學歷方面，政府統計處列明多條路徑：統計學碩士學位，或統計學一級／二級榮譽學士學位（或香港統計學會學位統計師資格）配合相關碩士學位，或統計學／相關學科一級／二級榮譽學士學位加最少兩年統計相關工作經驗。考試方面，申請人要通過綜合招聘考試嘅能力傾向測試、兩張語文試卷嘅語文能力要求，以及《基本法及香港國安法》測試。遴選仲包括一場三小時嘅中英文筆試，成績用作甄別面試人選。","bodyEn":"A statistical officer is a civil service post, and entry requires both academic and examination requirements. On qualifications, the department lists several paths: a Master degree in Statistics; or a first or second class honours bachelor's degree in Statistics (or Graduate Statistician status) with a related Master degree; or a first or second class honours bachelor's degree in statistics or a related subject plus at least two years of statistics-related experience. On examinations, candidates must pass the Aptitude Test, meet the language requirements of the two language papers in the Common Recruitment Examination, and pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Selection also includes a three-hour written paper in Chinese and English used to screen candidates for interview."},{"titleZh":"職系階梯同相關職位","titleEn":"The grade ladder and related posts","bodyZh":"統計師嘅晉升階梯清晰，由統計師向上依次為高級統計師、助理處長、副處長同處長。除咗統計師，政府統計處仲有以副學位學歷入職嘅二級統計主任，工作包括協助設計問卷同選樣、審核同編碼、統計運算、編製統計表同協助分析，晉升階梯為二級統計主任、一級統計主任同高級統計主任；亦有以中學學歷入職嘅助理外勤統計主任，負責收集統計資料同協助督導兼職統計員。三條職系各有晉升空間，入職要求同學歷掛鈎。","bodyEn":"The promotion ladder for a statistical officer is clear: above Statistical Officer come Senior Statistician, Assistant Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner and Commissioner. Besides the Statistical Officer grade, the department also has Statistical Officer II, entered with a sub-degree, whose work includes helping design questionnaires and select samples, editing and coding, statistical computation, compiling tables and assisting in analysis, with a ladder of Statistical Officer II, Statistical Officer I and Senior Statistical Officer. There is also the Assistant Census and Survey Officer grade, entered at secondary level, which collects statistical information and helps supervise temporary field officers. Each grade has its own progression and entry requirements tied to qualifications."}],"payBasisZh":"統計師係公務員職位，薪酬由公務員事務局按公務員薪級制度釐定（按職級同增薪點計算），並非由僱主或市場自由議定。相關嘅統計主任同外勤統計主任職系亦各有其公務員薪級。薪酬會隨職級晉升同按年增薪點調整，實際安排以政府公布嘅公務員薪級表同聘用條款為準。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"A statistical officer is a civil service post, and pay is determined by the Civil Service Bureau under the civil service pay system, calculated by rank and increment point rather than freely agreed between employer and employee. The related Statistical Officer and Census and Survey Officer grades each have their own civil service pay scales. Pay rises with promotion and annual increments, and the actual arrangement follows the published civil service pay scales and terms of appointment. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["持有本港大學統計學碩士學位，或同等學歷","或持有統計學一級／二級榮譽學士學位（或香港統計學會學位統計師資格）配合相關學科碩士學位","或持有統計學／數學、經濟學、社會學等相關學科一級／二級榮譽學士學位，並具最少兩年統計相關工作經驗","在綜合招聘考試能力傾向測試取得及格，並符合兩張語文試卷嘅語文能力要求","在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格成績，並通過遴選筆試同面試"],"entryEn":["A Master degree in Statistics from a Hong Kong university, or equivalent","Or a first or second class honours bachelor's degree in Statistics (or Graduate Statistician status of the Hong Kong Statistical Society) with a related Master degree","Or a first or second class honours bachelor's degree in statistics, mathematics, economics, sociology or a related subject plus at least two years of statistics-related experience","A pass in the Aptitude Test of the Common Recruitment Examination and the language proficiency requirements of the two language papers","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test, plus the selection written examination and interview"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"統計學位 → 綜合招聘考試 → 統計師","titleEn":"Statistics degree to CRE to Statistical Officer","stepsZh":["修讀統計學或相關學科學位","報考綜合招聘考試並取得能力傾向測試及格及語文成績","通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試","申請政府統計處統計師職位並通過筆試同面試"],"stepsEn":["Study a degree in statistics or a related field","Sit the Common Recruitment Examination and achieve a pass in the Aptitude Test and the required language results","Pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Apply for the Statistical Officer post in the Census and Statistics Department and pass the written examination and interview"],"sourceIds":["careers-statistical-officer-1","careers-statistical-officer-2"]},{"titleZh":"副學位 → 二級統計主任 → 晉升","titleEn":"Sub-degree to Statistical Officer II to promotion","stepsZh":["修讀統計學、數據科學或相關學科嘅副學士或高級文憑","符合語文能力要求並通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試","入職二級統計主任","按表現同年資晉升為一級統計主任及高級統計主任"],"stepsEn":["Study an associate degree or higher diploma in statistics, data science or a related field","Meet the language requirements and pass the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Join as a Statistical Officer II","Progress to Statistical Officer I and Senior Statistical Officer on performance and seniority"],"sourceIds":["careers-statistical-officer-1","careers-statistical-officer-2"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"統計師","titleEn":"Statistical Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級統計師","titleEn":"Senior Statistician"},{"titleZh":"助理處長","titleEn":"Assistant Commissioner"},{"titleZh":"副處長","titleEn":"Deputy Commissioner"},{"titleZh":"處長","titleEn":"Commissioner"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"統計師","titleEn":"Statistical Officer"},{"titleZh":"高級統計師","titleEn":"Senior Statistician"},{"titleZh":"助理處長","titleEn":"Assistant Commissioner"},{"titleZh":"副處長","titleEn":"Deputy Commissioner"},{"titleZh":"處長","titleEn":"Commissioner"}],"sourceIds":["careers-statistical-officer-1","careers-statistical-officer-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"strength-conditioning-coach","titleZh":"體能教練","titleEn":"Strength and conditioning coach","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","emerging":true,"ledeZh":"體能教練為運動員設計力量、爆發力同耐力訓練，做動作評估、負荷監控同復訓安排，並同物理治療師協調。香港冇單一法定牌照，入行關卡係運動科學學位、體能認證同體育機構嘅聘任。","ledeEn":"Strength and conditioning coaches design strength, power and endurance programmes for athletes, assess movement, monitor training load, plan return to training and coordinate with physiotherapists. Hong Kong has no single statutory licence; the gateway is a sports-science qualification, conditioning certification and the employer's requirements.","bodyZh":"體能教練嘅工作，係透過科學化嘅訓練提升運動員嘅身體能力。佢哋要先做動作評估同體能測試，找出運動員嘅強項同弱點，再因應運動項目嘅需求設計力量、爆發力、速度同耐力訓練計劃。訓練期間，佢哋要監控訓練負荷同恢復情況，調整課表以免過度訓練，並記錄數據追蹤進度。當運動員受傷，體能教練要同運動醫學中心同物理治療師協作，設計安全嘅復訓安排，逐步恢復力量同體能。\n\n香港並無體能教練嘅單一法定牌照，認受性主要嚟自學歷、專業認證同機構聘任。以香港體育學院嘅科學體能教練職位為例，入職一般要求體育科學、運動科學或相關學科嘅學位，並持有有效嘅體能訓練專業認證，以及急救、心肺復蘇同自動體外除顫器證書；部分職位亦要求相關工作經驗或曾為高水平運動員。除咗體能專業，運動員發展亦講求跨專業合作，體能教練要同運動科學、運動醫學同教練團隊配合。\n\n至於整體嘅運動教練認證，港協暨奧委會夥拍港專學院同各體育總會提供「教練認證計劃」，涵蓋運動通論（教練倫理、教練原理、訓練法同運動科學）同運動專項知識。體能教練可透過呢啲課程同持續進修鞏固教練學基礎，再加上運動科學學位同體能專業認證，先可以喺精英體育或高水平訓練環境立足。","bodyEn":"A strength and conditioning coach uses scientific training to improve an athlete's physical capacity. Coaches first carry out movement assessment and fitness testing to identify an athlete's strengths and weaknesses, then design strength, power, speed and endurance programmes around the demands of the sport. During training they monitor load and recovery, adjust the programme to prevent overtraining, and keep data to track progress. When an athlete is injured, the coach works with the sports medicine centre and physiotherapists to design safe return-to-training work that rebuilds strength and fitness gradually.\n\nHong Kong has no single statutory licence for strength and conditioning coaches; recognition comes mainly from academic qualifications, professional certification and the employer's requirements. Taking the Scientific Conditioning Coach post at the Hong Kong Sports Institute as an example, entry generally requires a degree in sports science, sports science-adjacent subjects or a related field, a valid professional conditioning certification, and certificates in first aid, CPR and automated external defibrillation; some posts also require relevant work experience or a background as a high-performance athlete. Beyond conditioning expertise, athlete development relies on multidisciplinary teamwork, so the coach coordinates with sports-science, sports-medicine and coaching colleagues.\n\nOn wider coach accreditation, the SF&OC works with the HKCT Institute of Higher Education and the national sports associations on a Coach Accreditation Programme covering sports-general theories (coaching ethics, principles, pedagogy and sports science) and sport-specific knowledge. Strength and conditioning coaches can strengthen their coaching foundations through these courses and continuing education, and combined with a sports-science degree and professional conditioning certification this is what allows them to gain a foothold in elite or high-performance settings.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：評估、負荷監控同復訓","titleEn":"The job: assessment, load monitoring and return to training","bodyZh":"體能教練嘅工作由評估開始。佢哋透過動作篩查同體能測試，了解運動員嘅力量、爆發力、活動幅度同弱點，再按運動項目嘅動作模式設計訓練。訓練期間，教練要監控訓練負荷同疲勞指標，適時加減強度，避免過度訓練同受傷，並透過數據追蹤進度。當運動員受傷，體能教練要同運動醫學中心同物理治療師協調，制訂安全嘅復訓計劃，由基礎力量逐步過渡到專項訓練。工作環境多為體育館、訓練中心同比賽場地，需要同教練、醫療同運動科學團隊緊密溝通。","bodyEn":"A strength and conditioning coach's work starts with assessment. Through movement screening and fitness testing, the coach learns an athlete's strength, power, range of motion and weaknesses, then designs training around the movement patterns of the sport. During training the coach monitors load and fatigue markers, adjusts intensity in good time to avoid overtraining and injury, and uses data to track progress. When an athlete is injured, the coach coordinates with the sports medicine centre and physiotherapists to draw up a safe return-to-training plan that progresses from basic strength to sport-specific work. The setting is usually a gymnasium, training centre or competition venue, and the work needs close communication with coaching, medical and sports-science colleagues."},{"titleZh":"關卡：學歷、認證同聘任要求","titleEn":"The gate: qualifications, certification and employer requirements","bodyZh":"香港冇體能教練嘅法定發牌制度，入門門檻主要係學歷同專業認證。以香港體育學院嘅科學體能教練職位為例，任職者一般要持有體育科學、運動科學或相關學科學位，並具備有效嘅體能訓練專業認證，以及急救、心肺復蘇同自動體外除顫器證書；部分職位要求相關工作經驗，或曾為高水平運動員。此外，由於體能教練屬於運動員支援團隊嘅一員，聘任時亦會考慮跨專業合作能力同對運動科學嘅理解。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no statutory licensing for strength and conditioning coaches; the entry threshold rests mainly on academic qualifications and professional certification. Taking the Scientific Conditioning Coach post at the Hong Kong Sports Institute as an example, the role generally requires a degree in sports science, sports science-adjacent subjects or a related field, a valid professional conditioning certification, and certificates in first aid, CPR and automated external defibrillation; some posts require relevant work experience or a background as a high-performance athlete. Because the coach is part of an athlete-support team, appointment also considers multidisciplinary collaboration skills and understanding of sports science."},{"titleZh":"前景：運動科學化帶動需求","titleEn":"Prospects: the science-driven approach creates demand","bodyZh":"隨住運動訓練日益科學化，體能教練喺精英體育、職業球隊、體育學院同私人訓練市場嘅需求持續增加，係一個較新但發展迅速嘅專業。出路方面，可由助理體能教練或運動科學主任做起，逐步晉升為體能教練、高級體能教練同體能中心主任，亦可轉往球會、學校或私人訓練機構發展。想入行嘅人，宜先修讀運動科學或體育相關學位，考取國際認可嘅體能訓練認證，並累積實習同帶訓經驗，同時持續進修運動科學知識。","bodyEn":"As training becomes increasingly scientific, demand for strength and conditioning coaches keeps rising in elite sport, professional teams, sports institutes and the private training market, making it a newer but fast-growing profession. Career paths can start from assistant conditioning coach or sports science officer, progressing to conditioning coach, senior conditioning coach and conditioning centre manager, or move into clubs, schools and private training providers. Newcomers are best advised to study a sports-science or sports-related degree first, obtain an internationally recognised conditioning certification, build internship and coaching experience, and keep updating their sports-science knowledge."}],"payBasisZh":"體能教練嘅薪酬冇劃一法定薪級，視乎受僱機構而定：受僱於體育學院、體育總會、職業球會或私人訓練機構嘅，由僱主按學歷、專業認證同經驗自行釐定；自僱教練則按課節或逐次收費。受僱於政府或公營機構嘅，則按該機構嘅薪級制度釐定。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"There is no uniform statutory pay scale for strength and conditioning coaches; it depends on the employer. Coaches employed by a sports institute, national sports association, professional club or private training provider are paid at rates set by the employer according to qualifications, professional certification and experience, while self-employed coaches charge per session. Those employed by the Government or public bodies follow that organisation's own pay structure. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["持有體育科學、運動科學或相關學科學位","持有有效嘅體能訓練專業認證","持有急救、心肺復蘇同自動體外除顫器證書","具備動作評估、訓練設計同負荷監控嘅實務能力","能與運動醫學、運動科學同教練團隊跨專業協作"],"entryEn":["A degree in sports science, sports science-adjacent subjects or a related field","A valid professional strength and conditioning certification","Certificates in first aid, CPR and automated external defibrillation","Practical ability in movement assessment, programme design and load monitoring","Ability to work across disciplines with sports-medicine, sports-science and coaching teams"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"運動科學學位 → 專業認證 → 體能教練","titleEn":"Sports science degree to certification to conditioning coach","stepsZh":["修讀運動科學或體育相關學位","考取國際或本地認可嘅體能訓練專業認證","取得急救、心肺復蘇同自動體外除顫器證書","申請體育學院、球會或訓練機構嘅體能教練職位"],"stepsEn":["Study a sports-science or sports-related degree","Obtain an internationally or locally recognised conditioning certification","Obtain first aid, CPR and automated external defibrillation certificates","Apply for conditioning coach posts at sports institutes, clubs or training providers"],"sourceIds":["careers-strength-conditioning-coach-1","careers-strength-conditioning-coach-2"]},{"titleZh":"助理體能教練 → 體能教練 → 體能主管","titleEn":"Assistant conditioning coach to coach to conditioning manager","stepsZh":["由助理體能教練或運動科學主任做起","累積運動員測試同訓練設計嘅經驗","晉升為體能教練及高級體能教練","負責體能中心嘅整體運作同督導"],"stepsEn":["Start as an assistant conditioning coach or sports science officer","Build experience in athlete testing and programme design","Progress to conditioning coach and senior conditioning coach","Take charge of the overall operation and supervision of a conditioning centre"],"sourceIds":["careers-strength-conditioning-coach-1","careers-strength-conditioning-coach-2"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"助理體能教練","titleEn":"Assistant conditioning coach"},{"titleZh":"體能教練","titleEn":"Conditioning coach"},{"titleZh":"高級體能教練","titleEn":"Senior conditioning coach"},{"titleZh":"體能中心主任","titleEn":"Conditioning centre manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"助理體能教練","titleEn":"Assistant conditioning coach"},{"titleZh":"體能教練","titleEn":"Conditioning coach"},{"titleZh":"高級體能教練","titleEn":"Senior conditioning coach"},{"titleZh":"體能中心主任","titleEn":"Conditioning centre manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-strength-conditioning-coach-1","careers-strength-conditioning-coach-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"structural-engineer","titleZh":"結構工程師","titleEn":"Structural engineer","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"結構工程師計算樓宇同構築物嘅受力同穩定性，設計樑柱基礎同抗風方案，並審核圖則同現場施工。入行關卡係香港工程師學會專業會籍、工程師註冊管理局註冊，以及屋宇署嘅註冊結構工程師名冊。","ledeEn":"Structural engineers calculate loads and stability for buildings and structures, design beams, columns, foundations and wind resistance, and check drawings and site work. The gateway is HKIE corporate membership, registration with the Engineers Registration Board, and the Buildings Department's register of registered structural engineers.","bodyZh":"結構工程師嘅核心工作，係確保建築物同構築物安全穩固。佢哋要計算樓宇承受嘅恆載、活載、風力同地震力，設計樑、柱、樓板、基礎同支撐系統，並選用合適嘅材料同施工方法。設計完成後，佢哋要審核施工圖則、計算書同現場施工，確保同批准嘅設計一致。喺香港，結構工程師亦常參與舊樓驗樓、改動及加建、斜坡工程同小型工程等項目，並就結構安全提供專業意見。\n\n入行關卡分幾層。首先係香港工程師學會嘅專業會籍：申請人須持有學會認可嘅工程學位，並透過正式訓練計劃（Scheme A）、一般經驗途徑或成熟途徑累積相關經驗，再通過結構專業嘅考試（筆試同面試）。取得學會會員資格後，可向工程師註冊管理局申請成為註冊專業工程師（結構）。\n\n最後一層係屋宇署嘅註冊。根據《建築物條例》，任何喺香港進行私人建築工程嘅人，都要委任註冊建築專業人士（認可人士、註冊結構工程師或註冊岩土工程師）呈交圖則。要註冊成為註冊結構工程師，申請人須先取得訂明資格（例如註冊專業工程師（結構），或經委員會批准嘅土木工程師資格），並具備規定嘅相關實際經驗，經註冊事務委員會推薦先可以列入名冊。","bodyEn":"The core of a structural engineer's work is keeping buildings and structures safe and stable. Engineers calculate the dead and live loads, wind and seismic forces acting on a building, design beams, columns, slabs, foundations and bracing systems, and choose suitable materials and construction methods. After design they check construction drawings, calculations and site work to ensure they match the approved design. In Hong Kong, structural engineers also work on building inspections, alterations and additions, slope works and minor works, giving professional advice on structural safety.\n\nThe gateway has several layers. The first is corporate membership of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers: applicants must hold an accredited engineering degree, build relevant experience through the formal training scheme (Scheme A), the general experience route or the mature route, and pass the structural discipline examination, comprising a written paper and an interview. Once a member, an engineer may apply to the Engineers Registration Board to become a registered professional engineer (structural).\n\nThe final layer is Buildings Department registration. Under the Buildings Ordinance, anyone carrying out private building works in Hong Kong must appoint a registered building professional, that is an authorised person, registered structural engineer or registered geotechnical engineer, to submit plans. To register as a registered structural engineer, an applicant must first obtain the prescribed qualification, such as registered professional engineer (structural) or a civil engineer qualification approved by the committee, have the required practical experience, and be recommended by the Registration Committee for inclusion in the register.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：由受力計算到現場審核","titleEn":"The job: from load calculations to site checking","bodyZh":"結構工程師嘅工作貫穿設計同施工。設計階段，佢哋要建立結構模型，計算恆載、活載、風力同地震作用，設計樑柱、樓板、基礎同抗側力系統，並考慮材料強度同安全系數。施工階段，佢哋要審核承建商嘅圖則同計算書，檢查鋼筋排列、混凝土強度同構件尺寸，並處理現場出現嘅問題。佢哋亦會參與舊樓結構評估、改動及加建、斜坡同小型工程，就結構安全撰寫報告。工作橫跨寫字樓同工地，需要同建築師、承建商同其他工種協調。","bodyEn":"A structural engineer's work runs across design and construction. In design they build a structural model, calculate dead and live loads, wind and seismic action, design beams, columns, slabs, foundations and lateral-force systems, and consider material strength and safety factors. On site they check the contractor's drawings and calculations, inspect reinforcement layout, concrete strength and member dimensions, and resolve problems that arise. They also take part in structural assessment of old buildings, alterations and additions, slope and minor works, writing reports on structural safety. The work spans office and site and requires coordination with architects, contractors and other trades."},{"titleZh":"關卡：學會會籍、註冊同認可人士制度","titleEn":"The gate: institution membership, registration and the AP system","bodyZh":"結構工程師嘅專業資格由幾重制度把關。香港工程師學會負責評核工程學位同專業水平，申請人須持認可工程學位，並透過正式訓練、一般經驗或成熟途徑累積經驗，再通過結構專業考試。工程師註冊管理局按《工程師註冊條例》維持註冊專業工程師名冊。屋宇署方面，按《建築物條例》，進行私人建築工程須委任認可人士、註冊結構工程師或註冊岩土工程師；註冊結構工程師須先取得訂明資格（如註冊專業工程師（結構）），並具備規定嘅實際經驗，經註冊事務委員會推薦方可列入名冊。","bodyEn":"A structural engineer's professional standing is guarded by several layers. The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers assesses engineering degrees and professional standards; applicants must hold an accredited degree, build experience through the formal training, general experience or mature route, and pass the structural discipline examination. The Engineers Registration Board maintains the register of registered professional engineers under the Engineers Registration Ordinance. At the Buildings Department, under the Buildings Ordinance, private building works require the appointment of an authorised person, registered structural engineer or registered geotechnical engineer; a registered structural engineer must first obtain the prescribed qualification, such as registered professional engineer (structural), have the required practical experience, and be recommended by the Registration Committee for inclusion in the register."},{"titleZh":"出路：顧問、承建商同公營機構","titleEn":"Pathways: consultancies, contractors and public bodies","bodyZh":"結構工程師嘅出路多元。大部分人受僱於工程顧問公司，負責設計同審核；亦可加入承建商負責施工技術同現場管理，或加入政府部門、公營機構同鐵路、機場等大型基建單位。累積經驗同註冊資格後，可獨立執業或成為認可人士團隊嘅一員，簽署同呈交結構圖則。職級一般由見習或助理工程師做起，逐步晉升為工程師、高級工程師同首席工程師，亦可轉向項目管理或公司管理層發展。持續進修同參與專業學會活動，對維持專業水平同拓闊出路相當重要。","bodyEn":"Structural engineers have varied pathways. Most work for engineering consultancies doing design and checking, but they may join contractors for construction technique and site management, or join government departments, public bodies and major infrastructure operators such as rail and airport authorities. With experience and registration, they can practise independently or join an authorised person's team to sign and submit structural plans. Ranks typically start from trainee or assistant engineer and rise to engineer, senior engineer and principal engineer, or move into project or company management. Continuing study and involvement in professional institution activities matter for maintaining standards and widening options."}],"payBasisZh":"結構工程師嘅薪酬冇劃一法定薪級，主要由僱主按資歷（例如香港工程師學會會籍、註冊專業工程師或註冊結構工程師資格）、經驗同職級自行釐定。受僱於政府嘅按公務員薪級制度；受僱於顧問公司、承建商或公營機構嘅則按該機構嘅薪酬架構。註冊資格本身唔決定薪酬，但往往影響議價能力。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"There is no uniform statutory pay scale for structural engineers; pay is mainly set by the employer according to qualifications (such as HKIE membership, registered professional engineer or registered structural engineer status), experience and rank. Those employed by the Government follow the civil service pay system; those with consultancies, contractors or public bodies follow that organisation's pay structure. Registration itself does not set pay but often affects bargaining power. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["持有香港工程師學會認可嘅工程學位或同等學歷","透過正式訓練計劃（Scheme A）、一般經驗或成熟途徑累積相關經驗","通過香港工程師學會結構專業考試（筆試及面試）並成為會員","向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師（結構）","如欲簽署結構圖則，須按《建築物條例》註冊為註冊結構工程師"],"entryEn":["An engineering degree accredited by the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, or equivalent","Relevant experience gained through the formal training scheme (Scheme A), the general experience route or the mature route","Passing the HKIE structural discipline examination (written paper and interview) and becoming a member","Registration with the Engineers Registration Board as a registered professional engineer (structural)","Registration as a registered structural engineer under the Buildings Ordinance to sign structural plans"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"工程學位 → 學會會籍 → 註冊專業工程師","titleEn":"Engineering degree to HKIE membership to registered professional engineer","stepsZh":["修讀香港工程師學會認可嘅工程學位","參加正式訓練計劃（Scheme A）或累積相關經驗","通過結構專業考試（筆試及面試）成為學會會員","向工程師註冊管理局註冊為註冊專業工程師（結構）"],"stepsEn":["Study an engineering degree accredited by the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers","Join the formal training scheme (Scheme A) or build relevant experience","Pass the structural discipline examination (written paper and interview) to become an HKIE member","Register with the Engineers Registration Board as a registered professional engineer (structural)"],"sourceIds":["careers-structural-engineer-1","careers-structural-engineer-3"]},{"titleZh":"註冊專業工程師 → 註冊結構工程師 → 認可人士","titleEn":"Registered professional engineer to RSE to authorised person","stepsZh":["取得註冊專業工程師（結構）或認可嘅土木工程師資格","累積規定嘅相關實際經驗","向屋宇署申請列入註冊結構工程師名冊","累積經驗後可加入認可人士團隊簽署圖則"],"stepsEn":["Obtain registered professional engineer (structural) or approved civil engineer status","Build the required relevant practical experience","Apply to the Buildings Department for inclusion in the register of registered structural engineers","With further experience, join an authorised person's team to sign plans"],"sourceIds":["careers-structural-engineer-2","careers-structural-engineer-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習／助理工程師","titleEn":"Trainee or assistant engineer"},{"titleZh":"工程師","titleEn":"Engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior engineer"},{"titleZh":"首席工程師","titleEn":"Principal engineer"},{"titleZh":"工程董事","titleEn":"Engineering director"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習／助理工程師","titleEn":"Trainee or assistant engineer"},{"titleZh":"工程師","titleEn":"Engineer"},{"titleZh":"高級工程師","titleEn":"Senior engineer"},{"titleZh":"首席工程師","titleEn":"Principal engineer"},{"titleZh":"工程董事","titleEn":"Engineering director"}],"sourceIds":["careers-structural-engineer-1","careers-structural-engineer-2","careers-structural-engineer-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"swimming-instructor","titleZh":"游泳教練","titleEn":"Swimming instructor","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","ledeZh":"游泳教練分組或個別教授泳式：示範動作、糾正呼吸同姿勢、安排水上安全遊戲，並照顧怕水同體能差異。香港冇單一法定牌照，業界普遍要求游泳教師資格同拯溺證書。","ledeEn":"Swimming instructors teach strokes in groups or one-to-one, demonstrating movement, correcting breathing and posture, running water-safety games and handling fear of water and fitness differences. Hong Kong has no single statutory licence; the sector generally expects swimming-teaching qualifications and lifesaving awards.","bodyZh":"游泳教練嘅工作，係將唔識游水或想改進泳術嘅人教到可以安全落水。佢哋要按學員年齡同程度分組，設計循序漸進嘅課堂，由熟習水性、閉氣、漂浮，到四式泳術嘅手腳配合同呼吸節奏，逐層示範同糾正。教練要用遊戲同鼓勵幫助怕水嘅學員建立信心，亦要留意學員嘅體能差異同安全，安排適當嘅休息同輔助。除咗技術教學，水上安全意識同自救知識亦係課堂嘅重要部分。\n\n香港並無游泳教練嘅單一法定牌照，認受性主要嚟自培訓機構同體育總會嘅資格。業界普遍要求教練持有游泳教師或教練證書，並具備拯溺資格。中國香港拯溺總會嘅拯溺獎章同泳池救生章設有考試規程同考試時間表，泳池救生章考試分為筆試、水上急救實習試同水上實習試三部分，考生須三部分全部合格先獲發證書，可見拯溺資格有一定要求。\n\n在公營層面，康樂及文化事務署舉辦綜合拯溺證書課程，由具中國香港拯溺總會認可資格嘅教練任教，學員通過一系列拯溺橋接課程同評估後，可取得拯溺銅章、急救證書、水上急救證書、泳池救生章等多項證書。不少游泳教練都會同時具備游泳教師資格同拯溺資格，兩者互補，令佢哋既識教泳術，亦有能力應付水中突發情況。","bodyEn":"A swimming instructor's job is to teach people who cannot swim, or who want to improve, to be safe in the water. Instructors group learners by age and ability and design progressive lessons, moving from water familiarisation, breath-holding and floating to the arm-and-leg coordination and breathing rhythm of the four strokes, demonstrating and correcting at every step. They use games and encouragement to build confidence in learners who fear water, watch for differences in fitness, and arrange suitable rest and assistance. Beyond technique, water-safety awareness and self-rescue knowledge are a key part of every lesson.\n\nHong Kong has no single statutory licence for swimming instructors; recognition comes mainly from training bodies and national sports associations. The sector generally expects a swimming-teaching or coaching certificate plus a lifesaving award. The Hong Kong China Life Saving Society sets examination syllabi and schedules for its lifesaving awards and Pool Lifeguard Award, and the Pool Lifeguard Award examination has three parts, a written paper, a practical aquatic first aid test and a practical water test, with candidates needing to pass all three before a certificate is issued, so lifesaving qualifications carry real requirements.\n\nOn the public side, the Leisure and Cultural Services Department runs an integrated lifesaving certificate course taught by coaches with qualifications accredited by the Hong Kong China Life Saving Society; after a series of bridging programmes and assessments, participants gain several awards including the Bronze Medallion, Certificate in First Aid, Certificate in Aquatic First Aid and Pool Lifeguard Award. Many swimming instructors hold both a swimming-teaching qualification and a lifesaving award, so they can teach technique and also handle an emergency in the water.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：分組教學同安全照顧","titleEn":"The job: group teaching and safety care","bodyZh":"游泳教練嘅課堂，由安全評估開始。教練要了解學員嘅水性同健康狀況，安排適合嘅分組同進度。教學上，佢哋由熟習水性做起，逐步教閉氣、漂浮、踢水同划手，再組合為完整泳式，並不斷示範同糾正呼吸同姿勢。對於怕水嘅學員，教練要用遊戲、鼓勵同循序漸進嘅方法幫佢哋建立信心。課堂期間，教練要全程留意學員位置同體能，安排休息，並隨時準備處理抽筋、嗆水等情況。除技術外，水上安全同自救知識亦係教學重點。","bodyEn":"A swimming instructor's lesson begins with a safety assessment. The instructor checks learners' water confidence and health and arranges suitable grouping and pace. In teaching, they start with water familiarisation and progressively teach breath-holding, floating, kicking and stroking, then combine these into complete strokes, demonstrating and correcting breathing and posture throughout. For learners who fear water, the instructor uses games, encouragement and gradual steps to build confidence. During the lesson the instructor keeps track of everyone's position and fitness, arranges rest, and stays ready to deal with cramp or swallowing water. Beyond technique, water safety and self-rescue knowledge are central to the teaching."},{"titleZh":"關卡：游泳教師同拯溺資格","titleEn":"The gate: swimming-teaching and lifesaving qualifications","bodyZh":"香港冇游泳教練嘅單一法定牌照，入行主要靠培訓機構同體育總會嘅資格。業界普遍要求教練持有游泳教師或教練證書，並具備拯溺資格。中國香港拯溺總會嘅泳池救生章考試分為甲部筆試、乙部水上急救實習試同丙部水上實習試，考生須三部分全部合格先獲發證書。康樂及文化事務署嘅綜合拯溺證書課程，由具中國香港拯溺總會認可資格嘅教練任教，學員通過課程同評估後可取得拯溺銅章、急救證書、水上急救證書同泳池救生章等。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no single statutory licence for swimming instructors; entry rests mainly on qualifications from training bodies and national sports associations. The sector generally expects a swimming-teaching or coaching certificate plus a lifesaving award. The Hong Kong China Life Saving Society's Pool Lifeguard Award examination has three parts, a written paper, a practical aquatic first aid test and a practical water test, and candidates must pass all three before a certificate is issued. The LCSD's integrated lifesaving certificate course is taught by coaches with qualifications accredited by the Society, and after the course and assessments participants gain the Bronze Medallion, Certificate in First Aid, Certificate in Aquatic First Aid and Pool Lifeguard Award."},{"titleZh":"出路：學校、會所同私人班","titleEn":"Pathways: schools, clubs and private classes","bodyZh":"游泳教練嘅出路相當靈活。佢哋可以受僱於學校泳隊、私人會所、泳會、康文署轄下泳池，或者以自僱形式開設私人班同小組班。隨住家長重視子女學泳同水上安全，幼兒及兒童泳班需求殷切；亦有教練專攻競賽訓練、成人習泳、長者或特殊需要人士游泳。想長遠發展，教練除咗考取游泳教師同拯溺資格，亦可進修運動科學同教練法，甚至考取更高級別嘅教練認證，逐步帶隊比賽或轉做教練主管。","bodyEn":"Swimming instructors have flexible pathways. They may be employed by school teams, private clubs, swimming clubs or LCSD pools, or work freelance running private and small-group classes. As parents value children's swimming and water safety, demand for infant and child classes is strong, and some instructors specialise in competitive training, adult swimming, or swimming for older people or those with special needs. To develop long term, an instructor pursues swimming-teaching and lifesaving qualifications, studies sports science and coaching methods, and may take higher coach accreditation, gradually leading teams or moving into coaching management."}],"payBasisZh":"游泳教練嘅薪酬冇劃一法定薪級，視乎受僱機構而定：受僱於泳會、會所、學校或康文署相關服務嘅，由僱主按資歷同經驗自行釐定；自僱嘅私人班或小組班教練則按課節或逐次收費。受僱於政府或公營機構嘅，則按該機構嘅薪級制度釐定。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"There is no uniform statutory pay scale for swimming instructors; it depends on the employer. Instructors employed by swimming clubs, private clubs, schools or LCSD-related services are paid at rates set by the employer according to qualifications and experience, while self-employed private or small-group instructors charge per lesson or session. Those employed by the Government or public bodies follow that organisation's own pay structure. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["持有培訓機構或體育總會頒發嘅游泳教師／教練證書","取得中國香港拯溺總會嘅拯溺及泳池救生資格（如泳池救生章）","具備良好游泳技術，並熟悉四式泳術嘅教學方法","具備急救知識，能應付抽筋、嗆水等水中突發情況","有耐性同溝通技巧，能照顧怕水同不同體能嘅學員"],"entryEn":["A swimming-teaching or coaching certificate issued by a training body or national sports association","A lifesaving and pool-lifeguard qualification from the Hong Kong China Life Saving Society, such as the Pool Lifeguard Award","Good swimming technique and familiarity with teaching the four strokes","First aid knowledge to handle cramp, swallowing water and other water emergencies","Patience and communication skills to support learners who fear water or differ in fitness"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"游泳教師證書 → 拯溺資格 → 游泳教練","titleEn":"Swimming-teaching certificate to lifesaving award to instructor","stepsZh":["報讀並完成游泳教師或教練證書課程","參加拯溺訓練並考取拯溺銅章、急救證書等","考取泳池救生章","受僱於泳會、學校或會所任教"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in and complete a swimming-teaching or coaching certificate course","Undergo lifesaving training and obtain the Bronze Medallion and first aid certificate","Obtain the Pool Lifeguard Award","Take up teaching posts with swimming clubs, schools or private clubs"],"sourceIds":["careers-swimming-instructor-1","careers-swimming-instructor-2"]},{"titleZh":"綜合拯溺課程 → 多項證書 → 專項教學","titleEn":"Integrated lifesaving course to multiple awards to specialist teaching","stepsZh":["報讀康文署綜合拯溺證書課程","通過橋接課程同各項評估","取得拯溺銅章、急救、水上急救同泳池救生章等多項證書","按興趣專攻競賽、幼兒或特殊需要游泳教學"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in the LCSD integrated lifesaving certificate course","Pass the bridging programmes and the various assessments","Gain multiple awards including the Bronze Medallion, first aid, aquatic first aid and Pool Lifeguard Award","Specialise in competitive, infant or special-needs swimming teaching"],"sourceIds":["careers-swimming-instructor-1","careers-swimming-instructor-2"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"游泳助教","titleEn":"Assistant swimming instructor"},{"titleZh":"游泳教練","titleEn":"Swimming instructor"},{"titleZh":"高級游泳教練","titleEn":"Senior swimming instructor"},{"titleZh":"泳隊教練","titleEn":"Swim team coach"},{"titleZh":"游泳項目主管","titleEn":"Head of swimming programme"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"游泳助教","titleEn":"Assistant swimming instructor"},{"titleZh":"游泳教練","titleEn":"Swimming instructor"},{"titleZh":"高級游泳教練","titleEn":"Senior swimming instructor"},{"titleZh":"泳隊教練","titleEn":"Swim team coach"},{"titleZh":"游泳項目主管","titleEn":"Head of swimming programme"}],"sourceIds":["careers-swimming-instructor-1","careers-swimming-instructor-2"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"theme-park-operator","titleZh":"機動遊戲操作員","titleEn":"Theme park ride operator","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","ledeZh":"機動遊戲操作員負責開機前檢查、量度身高同扣安全裝置、廣播安全指示、監察運作同處理停機。香港冇操作員法定牌照，但機動遊戲機受《機動遊戲機（安全）條例》同實務守則規管。","ledeEn":"Ride operators carry out pre-opening checks, measure guests' height, fasten safety restraints, make safety announcements, monitor the ride and handle stoppages. Hong Kong has no statutory operator licence, but amusement rides are regulated under the Amusement Rides (Safety) Ordinance and the department's code of practice.","bodyZh":"機動遊戲操作員嘅工作，係確保每一位乘客安全咁完成一轉遊戲。開園前，操作員要按程序檢查機動遊戲機：試行空車、檢視安全壓桿同安全帶、檢查出入口同緊急停止裝置，確認一切正常先可以開放。開放期間，佢哋要逐位量度乘客身高、協助扣好安全裝置、以廣播講解安全指示，並全程監察遊戲運行同乘客狀況。遇有乘客不適、機件異常或需要停機，操作員要即時按程序處理，疏散乘客同通知上級。\n\n香港並無專為機動遊戲操作員而設嘅法定牌照，但機動遊戲機本身受嚴格規管。《機動遊戲機（安全）條例》（第449章）於1994年制定，規管機動遊戲機嘅設計、安裝、運作同保養，以確保公眾使用安全。條例由機電工程署執行，署方採取風險為本嘅方式，針對新安裝、重大改裝、定期檢查結果、須報告事故同投訴等情況做針對性檢查，亦會突擊檢查運作同保養。\n\n機電工程署發出嘅《機動遊戲機實務守則》就設計、製造、安裝同檢查列出技術要求。喺嘉年華等人流密集嘅場合，同時遞交大量機動遊戲機申請嘅申請人，可透過《公眾娛樂場所條例》（第172章）嘅牌照持有人作為機動遊戲機擁有人的代表遞交申請。樂園同營運商要按守則設計、安裝同保養設施，操作員則按內部程序同安全指引工作。\n\n入行方面，操作員通常由樂園或場地嘅前線職位做起，透過在職訓練學習操作程序、安全守則同緊急應變。由於工作涉及公眾接觸同安全責任，僱主一般要求良好溝通、體能同應變能力，並會安排設施操作、緊急疏散同急救等培訓。晉升方面，可由操作員逐步做到帶班、組長，再到設施主管或運作管理。","bodyEn":"A ride operator's job is to make sure every guest finishes a ride safely. Before the park opens, the operator follows procedures to inspect the ride, test-running it empty, checking restraint bars and harnesses, and inspecting entrances and emergency stops before the ride is cleared. While it runs, operators measure each guest's height, help fasten safety devices, make safety announcements, and continually watch the ride and passengers. If a guest feels unwell, a mechanism behaves abnormally or the ride stops, the operator follows procedures to pause the ride, evacuate passengers and inform a supervisor.\n\nHong Kong has no statutory licence specifically for ride operators, but the rides themselves are tightly regulated. The Amusement Rides (Safety) Ordinance (Cap. 449), enacted in 1994, regulates the design, installation, operation and maintenance of amusement rides to ensure public safety. The Ordinance is enforced by the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department, which takes a risk-based approach, carrying out targeted inspections for new installations, major alterations, periodic examination results, reportable incidents and complaints, as well as surprise inspections of operation and maintenance.\n\nThe Department's Code of Practice for Amusement Rides sets out technical requirements for design, manufacture, installation and examination. At crowded events such as carnivals, applicants submitting a large number of ride applications may lodge them through the holder of a licence under the Places of Public Entertainment Ordinance (Cap. 172) acting as the ride owner's representative. Parks and operators design, install and maintain facilities in line with the code, and operators work to internal procedures and safety guidelines.\n\nAs for entry, operators usually start from front-line park or venue roles, learning operating procedures, safety rules and emergency response through on-the-job training. Because the work involves heavy public contact and safety responsibility, employers generally expect good communication, fitness and the ability to react, and arrange training in ride operation, emergency evacuation and first aid. Promotion runs from operator to team leader, then to ride supervisor or operations management.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：開機前檢查同運作監察","titleEn":"The job: pre-opening checks and watching the ride","bodyZh":"機動遊戲操作員嘅日常，圍繞安全檢查同運作監察。開園前，操作員要按程序試行空車、檢查安全壓桿同安全帶、確認出入口同緊急停止裝置正常，先可以開放設施。開放期間，佢哋要逐位量度乘客身高、協助扣好安全裝置、以廣播講解安全指示，並全程留意遊戲運行同乘客狀況。遇有乘客不適、機件異常或需要停機，操作員要即時按程序暫停、疏散乘客同通知上級，事後亦要填寫紀錄。整個過程講求專注、紀律同清晰嘅溝通。","bodyEn":"An operator's day revolves around safety checks and monitoring the ride. Before the park opens, operators test-run the ride empty, check restraint bars and harnesses, and confirm that entrances and emergency stops are working before the ride is cleared. While it runs, they measure each guest's height, help fasten safety devices, make safety announcements, and keep watch on the ride and passengers. If a guest feels unwell, a mechanism behaves abnormally or the ride must stop, the operator follows procedures to pause the ride, evacuate passengers and inform a supervisor, and records the event afterwards. The whole process demands concentration, discipline and clear communication."},{"titleZh":"關卡：冇操作員牌照，但機動遊戲機受條例規管","titleEn":"The gate: no operator licence, but rides are regulated","bodyZh":"香港並無專為機動遊戲操作員而設嘅法定牌照，操作員嘅入行門檻主要係僱主嘅內部訓練同要求。不過，機動遊戲機本身受《機動遊戲機（安全）條例》（第449章）嚴格規管，條例涵蓋設計、安裝、運作同保養，由機電工程署執行。署方會就新安裝、重大改裝、定期檢查、事故同投訴做針對性檢查，並突擊檢查運作同保養；《機動遊戲機實務守則》就設計、製造、安裝同檢查列出技術要求，樂園同營運商都要跟隨。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no statutory licence created specifically for ride operators; the entry threshold rests mainly on employers' in-house training and requirements. The rides themselves, however, are strictly regulated by the Amusement Rides (Safety) Ordinance (Cap. 449), which covers design, installation, operation and maintenance and is enforced by the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department. The department carries out targeted inspections for new installations, major alterations, periodic examinations, incidents and complaints, plus surprise inspections of operation and maintenance, while the Code of Practice for Amusement Rides sets out technical requirements for design, manufacture, installation and examination that parks and operators must follow."},{"titleZh":"出路：樂園、嘉年華同商場設施","titleEn":"Pathways: parks, carnivals and mall rides","bodyZh":"機動遊戲操作員主要受僱於主題樂園、遊樂場、嘉年華同設置機動遊戲嘅商場或活動場地。新人多由前線職位（例如遊樂設施服務員）做起，接受設施操作、安全守則同緊急疏散訓練，逐步獨立操作單一設施，再學習操作多款設施。累積經驗後，可負責帶班、編排人手同處理突發事件，甚至轉往設施保養、安全督導或運作管理嘅崗位。亦有操作員進修急救、安全管理或工程相關課程，向技術或管理方向發展。","bodyEn":"Ride operators are mainly employed by theme parks, amusement venues, carnivals and the shopping malls or event sites that host rides. Newcomers usually start in front-line roles such as ride attendant, receive training in ride operation, safety rules and emergency evacuation, gradually operate a single ride independently and then learn to run several. With experience they may take charge of a shift, arrange staffing and handle incidents, or move into ride maintenance, safety supervision or operations management. Some operators further study first aid, safety management or engineering to develop along technical or management lines."}],"payBasisZh":"機動遊戲操作員嘅薪酬並無劃一法定基準，由僱主（例如主題樂園、嘉年華或場地營運商）按僱員嘅經驗、職級同內部薪級制度自行釐定。部分崗位以時薪聘用，部分以月薪連津貼聘用，實際安排視乎個別僱主嘅人力資源政策。機電工程署只負責機動遊戲機嘅安全規管同發牌，不涉及從業員薪酬。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"There is no uniform statutory pay basis for ride operators; it is set by the employer, such as a theme park, carnival or venue operator, according to the employee's experience, rank and the company's internal pay structure. Some posts are paid by the hour and others by monthly salary with allowances, depending on the employer's human resources policy. The Electrical and Mechanical Services Department is responsible only for the safety regulation and licensing of amusement rides, not for practitioners' pay. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["一般具中學程度或以上學歷，實際要求視僱主而定","具備良好溝通技巧，能以中英文向公眾講解安全指示","完成僱主提供嘅設施操作、安全守則同緊急應變訓練","具備基本體能同專注力，能長時間監察設施運作","持有有效急救證書者較有優勢"],"entryEn":["Generally secondary education or above, with the exact requirement set by the employer","Good communication skills to give safety instructions to the public in Chinese and English","Completion of the employer's training in ride operation, safety rules and emergency response","Basic fitness and concentration to monitor ride operation for long periods","A valid first aid certificate is an advantage"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"樂園前線職位 → 在職訓練 → 機動遊戲操作員","titleEn":"Park front-line role to on-the-job training to ride operator","stepsZh":["申請樂園或場地嘅前線職位，例如遊樂設施服務員","接受設施操作、安全守則同緊急應變嘅在職訓練","通過僱主評估後獨立操作設施","累積經驗後帶班、考取更高職級或轉往設施管理"],"stepsEn":["Apply for a front-line park or venue role such as ride attendant","Undergo on-the-job training in ride operation, safety rules and emergency response","Operate a ride independently after passing the employer's assessment","With experience, lead a shift, move up a rank or move into ride management"],"sourceIds":["careers-theme-park-operator-2"]},{"titleZh":"安全規管知識 → 設施管理方向","titleEn":"Safety regulation knowledge to facility management","stepsZh":["熟悉《機動遊戲機（安全）條例》同《機動遊戲機實務守則》嘅要求","掌握設施操作、定期檢查同事故報告嘅程序","進修急救、安全管理或工程相關課程","向設施主管、安全督導或運作管理發展"],"stepsEn":["Become familiar with the Amusement Rides (Safety) Ordinance and the Code of Practice for Amusement Rides","Master procedures for ride operation, periodic examination and incident reporting","Further study first aid, safety management or engineering-related courses","Develop towards ride supervisor, safety officer or operations management"],"sourceIds":["careers-theme-park-operator-1","careers-theme-park-operator-3"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習操作員","titleEn":"Trainee ride operator"},{"titleZh":"機動遊戲操作員","titleEn":"Ride operator"},{"titleZh":"高級操作員（帶班）","titleEn":"Senior operator (shift leader)"},{"titleZh":"設施組長","titleEn":"Ride supervisor"},{"titleZh":"設施運作主管","titleEn":"Ride operations manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習操作員","titleEn":"Trainee ride operator"},{"titleZh":"機動遊戲操作員","titleEn":"Ride operator"},{"titleZh":"高級操作員（帶班）","titleEn":"Senior operator (shift leader)"},{"titleZh":"設施組長","titleEn":"Ride supervisor"},{"titleZh":"設施運作主管","titleEn":"Ride operations manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-theme-park-operator-1","careers-theme-park-operator-2","careers-theme-park-operator-3"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"tour-escort","titleZh":"領隊","titleEn":"Tour escort","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","ledeZh":"領隊帶團外遊，沿途照顧團員、講解行程、協調交通住宿同處理突發事故。香港領隊須持旅監局發出嘅領隊牌照，要符合年齡、學歷、急救證書、試前訓練同考試等準則。","ledeEn":"A tour escort accompanies groups travelling abroad, looking after members, explaining the itinerary, coordinating transport and accommodation and handling emergencies. Hong Kong tour escorts must hold a tour escort licence issued by the Travel Industry Authority, meeting criteria on age, education, first aid, pre-examination training and examination.","bodyZh":"領隊嘅工作，係全程陪同旅行團外遊，確保團員順利、安全咁完成行程。出發前，領隊要熟讀行程、核對名單、機票、酒店同簽證等文件；旅途中，佢要講解景點同集合安排、協調交通同住宿、照顧團員嘅起居同安全，並處理各種突發情況，例如航班延誤、證件問題、身體不適或糾紛。領隊亦要同當地導遊、司機同旅行社保持溝通，確保行程順暢。\n\n香港嘅領隊牌照由旅遊業監管局（旅監局）發出。旅監局訂明嘅領隊發牌準則包括：持有香港永久性居民身分證，或永久性居民身分證以外而不受禁止擔任領隊逗留條件所限嘅身分證；年滿18歲；符合合適與否嘅規定；持有旅監局指明機構發出嘅有效急救技能證書或其他類似證明書；符合學歷規定；修畢旅監局指明嘅領隊試前訓練課程；以及喺領隊領牌考試中考取合格。\n\n學歷方面，申請人須修畢香港五年中學學制嘅中五年級學歷，或新高中學制嘅高中三年級學歷（或同等學歷）；喺香港境外修畢嘅學歷，須證明並使旅監局信納等同於上述學歷。牌照申請如獲批核，申請人會獲發有效期一般為三年嘅電子牌照同一張實體領隊卡。續牌須符合部分原有準則，並喺牌照有效期內修畢旅監局指明嘅領隊持續專業進修計劃。\n\n領隊領牌考試由旅監局委託香港旅遊業議會營辦，考核參照領隊試前訓練課程嘅預期學習成果同課程大綱。考生取得合格後，須喺應考日期當日起計兩年內向旅監局提出牌照申請。領隊試前訓練課程由多間旅監局指定機構開辦，包括工聯會職業再訓練中心、香港專業進修學校、香港大學專業進修學院、香港教育大學，以及職業訓練局轄下院校等。","bodyEn":"A tour escort accompanies a tour group throughout its overseas trip, making sure members travel smoothly and safely. Before departure, the escort studies the itinerary and checks the name list, tickets, hotels and visa documents. During the trip, they explain sights and meeting arrangements, coordinate transport and accommodation, tend to members' needs and safety, and handle emergencies such as flight delays, document problems, illness or disputes. The escort also keeps in touch with local guides, drivers and the travel agency so the itinerary runs smoothly.\n\nHong Kong tour escort licences are issued by the Travel Industry Authority (TIA). The TIA's licensing criteria require the applicant to hold a Hong Kong permanent identity card, or an identity card other than a permanent one that is not subject to any condition of stay prohibiting the applicant from acting as a tour escort; to be aged 18 or above; to meet the suitability requirement; to hold a valid first aid certificate issued by a body specified by the TIA; to meet the education requirement; to have completed a pre-examination training course specified by the TIA; and to have passed the tour escort licensing examination.\n\nOn education, the applicant must have completed Form 5 under Hong Kong's five-year secondary system, or Senior Secondary 3 (or equivalent); qualifications gained outside Hong Kong must be shown to the TIA's satisfaction to be equivalent. If a licence application is approved, the applicant receives an electronic licence, generally valid for three years, and a physical tour escort card. Renewal requires certain of the original criteria to be met plus completion of the TIA-specified continuing professional development scheme during the licence period.\n\nThe tour escort licensing examination is run by the Travel Industry Council, appointed by the TIA, and is assessed against the expected learning outcomes and syllabus of the pre-examination training course. After passing, candidates must apply to the TIA within two years of the examination date. Pre-examination training courses are offered by institutions specified by the TIA, including the Federation of Trade Unions Retraining Centre, HKU SPACE and colleges under the Vocational Training Council.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：帶團外遊同照顧團員","titleEn":"The job: leading groups abroad and looking after members","bodyZh":"領隊嘅工作日圍繞行程執行同照顧團員。出發前，佢要熟讀行程、核對名單同證件、確認機票同酒店安排。旅途中，領隊要講解景點同集合時間、協調交通同住宿、協助辦理出入境手續，並照顧團員嘅起居同安全。遇到航班延誤、證件問題、身體不適或團員糾紛，領隊要即時應變同安撫，並同旅行社、當地導遊同司機保持溝通。領隊亦要做好紀錄同報告，確保行程順利完成。","bodyEn":"A tour escort's working day centres on running the itinerary and looking after group members. Before departure, the escort studies the itinerary, checks the name list and documents, and confirms flight and hotel arrangements. During the trip, they explain sights and meeting times, coordinate transport and accommodation, assist with immigration procedures, and attend to members' daily needs and safety. If there is a flight delay, a document problem, illness or a dispute among members, the escort must respond and reassure, staying in touch with the travel agency, local guide and driver. The escort also keeps records and reports so the itinerary is completed smoothly."},{"titleZh":"關卡：旅監局領隊牌照同發牌準則","titleEn":"The gate: the TIA tour escort licence and its criteria","bodyZh":"香港領隊須持有旅遊業監管局（旅監局）發出嘅領隊牌照。發牌準則包括：持有香港永久性居民身分證，或不受禁止擔任領隊逗留條件所限嘅其他身分證；年滿18歲；符合合適與否嘅規定；持有旅監局指明機構發出嘅有效急救技能證書；符合學歷規定（中五，或新高中學制高中三年級，或同等學歷）；修畢旅監局指明嘅領隊試前訓練課程；以及喺領隊領牌考試中考取合格。牌照有效期一般為三年，續牌另須修畢領隊持續專業進修計劃。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong tour escorts must hold a tour escort licence issued by the Travel Industry Authority (TIA). The licensing criteria require a Hong Kong permanent identity card, or another identity card not subject to any condition of stay prohibiting the holder from acting as a tour escort; being aged 18 or above; meeting the suitability requirement; holding a valid certificate of competency in first aid issued by a body specified by the TIA; meeting the education requirement (Form 5, or Senior Secondary 3, or equivalent); completing a TIA-specified pre-examination training course; and passing the tour escort licensing examination. A licence is generally valid for three years, and renewal additionally requires completing the tour escort continuing professional development scheme."},{"titleZh":"出路：旅行社、外遊團同領隊職涯","titleEn":"Pathways: travel agents, outbound tours and career growth","bodyZh":"領隊主要受僱於旅行社或外遊團營運商，亦可隨季節或旺季以兼職形式帶團。持牌人可先由見習或助理領隊做起，累積帶團經驗，逐步負責長線團、專題團或高端團；亦可同時考取導遊資格，兼顧接待入境旅客嘅工作。旅監局嘅領隊試前訓練課程獲多間院校採用，部分更納入高級文憑或學位課程嘅選修單元。長遠可向領隊主管、外遊團產品策劃或旅行社管理方向發展。","bodyEn":"Tour escorts are mainly employed by travel agencies or outbound tour operators, and may work part-time during peak seasons. A licensed escort may start as a trainee or assistant escort, build experience on tours, and gradually take charge of long-haul, themed or premium tours; they may also obtain a tourist guide qualification to handle inbound visitors. The TIA's pre-examination training courses are used by several institutions, some as elective modules within higher diploma or degree programmes. In the longer term an escort can move towards escort supervisor, outbound tour product planning or travel agency management."}],"payBasisZh":"領隊嘅薪酬並無劃一法定基準，由僱主（旅行社或外遊團營運商）按僱員嘅經驗、語言能力、帶團類型同公司政策自行釐定。部分領隊以底薪加帶團津貼或服務費形式受僱，實際安排視乎個別公司。旅監局只規管發牌同持牌人操守，不釐定從業員薪酬。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"There is no uniform statutory pay basis for tour escorts; it is set by the employer, such as a travel agency or outbound tour operator, according to the employee's experience, language ability, type of tours and company policy. Some escorts are employed on a base salary plus tour allowances or service fees, depending on the company. The Travel Industry Authority regulates licensing and the conduct of licensees, not practitioners' pay. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["持有香港永久性居民身分證，或不受禁止擔任領隊逗留條件所限嘅其他身分證","年滿18歲並符合旅監局嘅合適與否規定","持有旅監局指明機構發出嘅有效急救技能證書或其他類似證明書","符合學歷規定：中五，或新高中學制高中三年級，或同等學歷","修畢旅監局指明嘅領隊試前訓練課程","喺旅監局指明嘅領隊領牌考試中考取合格"],"entryEn":["A Hong Kong permanent identity card, or another identity card not subject to a condition of stay prohibiting the holder from acting as a tour escort","Aged 18 or above and meeting the TIA's suitability requirement","A valid certificate of competency in first aid or a similar certificate issued by a body specified by the TIA","Meeting the education requirement: Form 5, or Senior Secondary 3, or equivalent","Completion of a pre-examination training course specified by the TIA","Passing the tour escort licensing examination specified by the TIA"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"領隊試前訓練課程 → 領牌考試 → 申領領隊牌照","titleEn":"Pre-examination training course to licensing examination to licence","stepsZh":["報讀旅監局指明嘅領隊試前訓練課程","完成課程後報考領隊領牌考試（由香港旅遊業議會營辦）","考試合格後兩年內向旅監局遞交牌照申請","符合急救、學歷同合適與否等準則後獲發領隊牌照"],"stepsEn":["Enrol in a pre-examination training course for tour escorts specified by the TIA","After the course, sit the tour escort licensing examination run by the Travel Industry Council","Submit a licence application to the TIA within two years of passing","Receive the tour escort licence after meeting the first aid, education and suitability criteria"],"sourceIds":["careers-tour-escort-1","careers-tour-escort-3","careers-tour-escort-4"]},{"titleZh":"旅遊相關課程 → 旅行社前線 → 領隊牌照","titleEn":"Tourism course to travel agency front line to escort licence","stepsZh":["修讀旅遊、酒店或盛事管理相關課程，部分已納入領隊試前訓練單元","加入旅行社從事前線或支援工作，累積行業經驗","完成領隊試前訓練課程並報考領牌考試","取得領隊牌照後正式帶團外遊"],"stepsEn":["Study a tourism, hospitality or event management course, some of which include pre-examination training modules","Join a travel agency in a front-line or support role to build industry experience","Complete the pre-examination training course and sit the licensing examination","After obtaining the licence, lead overseas tours"],"sourceIds":["careers-tour-escort-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習領隊","titleEn":"Trainee tour escort"},{"titleZh":"領隊","titleEn":"Tour escort"},{"titleZh":"高級領隊","titleEn":"Senior tour escort"},{"titleZh":"領隊主管","titleEn":"Tour escort supervisor"},{"titleZh":"外遊團營運主管","titleEn":"Outbound tours operations manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習領隊","titleEn":"Trainee tour escort"},{"titleZh":"領隊","titleEn":"Tour escort"},{"titleZh":"高級領隊","titleEn":"Senior tour escort"},{"titleZh":"領隊主管","titleEn":"Tour escort supervisor"},{"titleZh":"外遊團營運主管","titleEn":"Outbound tours operations manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-tour-escort-1","careers-tour-escort-2","careers-tour-escort-3","careers-tour-escort-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"town-planner","titleZh":"城市規劃師","titleEn":"Town planner","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"城市規劃師做土地用途研究、制訂規劃圖則，評估交通同人口影響，處理規劃申請同公眾諮詢。入行關卡係香港規劃師學會嘅專業會員資格，須通過資格審定試；政府職系另須經公務員招聘。","ledeEn":"Town planners research land use, prepare statutory plans, assess traffic and population impact, and handle planning applications and public consultation. The gateway is professional membership of the Hong Kong Institute of Planners via its qualifying examination, while government posts also require civil service recruitment.","bodyZh":"城市規劃師嘅日常工作圍繞土地用途同空間安排。佢哋要研究人口、就業同房屋需求嘅趨勢，編製分區計劃大綱圖同發展審批地區圖，為唔同地塊訂立用途地帶同發展限制；收到規劃申請時，就要評估項目對交通、環境、景觀同社區設施嘅影響，草擬規劃署嘅意見，並處理公眾同區議會嘅申述。呢啲工作既要讀得懂圖則同數據，亦要識得喺發展需要同環境保育之間拿捏平衡。\n\n香港並無一條「城市規劃師」嘅法定發牌法例，關卡主要由專業團體同公務員職系把守。行業認受性最高嘅係香港規劃師學會，申請人一般須持有認可嘅規劃學位，通過學會嘅資格審定試，並累積指定在職專業經驗，先可成為專業會員並使用相關專業名銜。想入政府嘅，就要循公務員招聘投考規劃署嘅助理城市規劃師，通常要求認可學位，並在綜合招聘考試及《基本法及香港國安法測試》取得及格成績，再經面試同評核。\n\n規劃工作橫跨公私營。政府方面，規劃署負責全港規劃，並按《城市規劃條例》處理圖則同申請；私營方面，顧問公司為發展商、上市公司同政府項目做規劃研究。近年北部都會區、交椅洲人工島同舊區重建等大型項目，令規劃人手需求殷切，從事政策、交通、環境或地理資訊嘅專才都有發揮空間。","bodyEn":"Town planners work around land use and spatial arrangement. They study trends in population, employment and housing demand, prepare outline zoning plans and development permission area plans with use zones and development restrictions, and when applications arrive they assess impact on traffic, environment, landscape and community facilities, draft the Planning Department's comments and handle public and District Council representations. The work calls for both fluency in plans and data and the judgement to balance development needs against conservation.\n\nHong Kong has no single statutory licensing law for town planners; the gate is kept mainly by a professional body and the civil service grade. The profession's recognised body is the Hong Kong Institute of Planners: applicants normally need a recognised planning degree, must pass the Institute's qualifying examination and accumulate specified professional experience before becoming a Professional Member entitled to use the associated designation. Those seeking government posts apply through civil service recruitment for the Planning Department's Assistant Town Planner, typically requiring a recognised degree, passes in the Common Recruitment Examination and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test, and then interview and assessment.\n\nPlanning work spans the public and private sectors. In government the Planning Department handles territory-wide planning and administers plans and applications under the Town Planning Ordinance; in the private sector consultancies run planning studies for developers, listed companies and government projects. Major projects such as the Northern Metropolis, the Kau Yi Chau artificial islands and urban renewal keep demand for planning staff firm, with room for specialists in policy, transport, environment or geographic information.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：由數據到圖則","titleEn":"The job: from data to plans","bodyZh":"規劃師最常做嘅係將數據轉化成空間策略。佢哋會用地理資訊系統分析土地利用，推算人口同就業分佈，再將結果畫成圖則草案。處理申請時，要逐項核對地契、規劃意向同技術評估，撰寫建議並出席會議解釋。公眾諮詢階段，佢哋要向居民同持份者解釋方案，吸收意見後修訂圖則。由於每個項目都牽涉多方利益，溝通、協調同文書功夫同樣重要。","bodyEn":"Planners most often turn data into spatial strategy. They use geographic information systems to analyse land use and model population and employment distribution, then translate the findings into draft plans. When handling applications they check leases, planning intentions and technical assessments item by item, write up recommendations and attend meetings to explain them. During public consultation they explain proposals to residents and stakeholders and revise plans in the light of comments. Because every project involves competing interests, communication, coordination and drafting skills matter as much as technical knowledge."},{"titleZh":"關卡：專業會員同公務員職系","titleEn":"The gate: professional membership and the civil service grade","bodyZh":"香港冇城市規劃師嘅法定註冊制度，關卡係專業會員資格。香港規劃師學會嘅專業會員須持認可規劃學位、通過資格審定試並累積在職經驗。政府職系方面，規劃署助理城市規劃師屬公務員職位，入職要認可學位、綜合招聘考試及格，以及《基本法及香港國安法測試》及格。獲聘後一般按試用條款受聘，通過試用再轉長期聘用，之後可按職系階梯晉升。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no statutory registration system for town planners; the gate is professional membership. A Professional Member of the Hong Kong Institute of Planners must hold a recognised planning degree, pass the qualifying examination and accumulate professional experience. On the government side, the Planning Department's Assistant Town Planner is a civil service post whose entry requirements include a recognised degree, passes in the Common Recruitment Examination and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. New recruits are usually appointed on probationary terms, moving to permanent terms after probation and progressing up the grade."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"規劃師嘅出路橫跨政府、顧問公司同發展商。政府規劃署職系由助理城市規劃師起步，可晉升為城市規劃師、高級城市規劃師同首席城市規劃師；私營顧問則以項目經理、董事等職銜發展。隨住北部都會區等大型規劃陸續推展，具備法定圖則、交通或環境評估經驗嘅人特別吃香。想入行嘅人，宜先讀認可規劃課程，再考學會資格同累積項目經驗。","bodyEn":"Town planners' careers span government, consultancies and developers. The Planning Department grade starts at Assistant Town Planner and can rise to Town Planner, Senior Town Planner and Chief Town Planner; in private consultancies the path runs through project manager and director roles. As large-scale planning such as the Northern Metropolis advances, people with experience of statutory plans, transport or environmental assessment are especially sought after. Newcomers are advised to study a recognised planning programme, then pursue Institute qualification and build project experience."}],"payBasisZh":"城市規劃師薪酬按僱主同職級而定：政府規劃署職系按公務員總薪級表及首長級薪級釐定；私營顧問同發展商則按公司薪酬政策、資歷、經驗同項目規模自行釐定，並無劃一標準。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay for town planners depends on the employer and grade: the Planning Department grade follows the civil service master pay scale and directorate pay scales, while private consultancies and developers set pay according to their own policies, qualifications, experience and project scale. There is no uniform standard. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["持有認可嘅城市規劃學位或同等學歷","通過香港規劃師學會嘅資格審定試並累積認可在職經驗，成為專業會員","投考政府職位者須在綜合招聘考試取得及格成績","投考政府職位者須在《基本法及香港國安法測試》取得及格成績","具備分析、溝通同處理公眾諮詢嘅能力"],"entryEn":["A recognised town planning degree or equivalent","Passing the Hong Kong Institute of Planners' qualifying examination and accumulating recognised professional experience to become a Professional Member","Passes in the Common Recruitment Examination for those applying for government posts","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test for those applying for government posts","Analytical and communication skills and the ability to handle public consultation"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"認可學位 → 資格審定試 → 專業會員","titleEn":"Recognised degree → qualifying examination → Professional Member","stepsZh":["修讀香港規劃師學會認可嘅規劃學位或同等課程","累積指定嘅在職專業經驗","報考並通過學會嘅資格審定試","申請成為學會專業會員，使用相關專業名銜"],"stepsEn":["Study a planning degree recognised by the Hong Kong Institute of Planners or an equivalent programme","Accumulate the specified professional experience","Sit and pass the Institute's qualifying examination","Apply to become a Professional Member entitled to use the associated designation"],"sourceIds":["careers-town-planner-3","careers-town-planner-2"]},{"titleZh":"認可學位 → 公務員招聘 → 規劃署助理城市規劃師","titleEn":"Recognised degree → civil service recruitment → Planning Department Assistant Town Planner","stepsZh":["持有認可學位並報考綜合招聘考試","在《基本法及香港國安法測試》取得及格成績","通過規劃署嘅遴選面試同評核","獲聘為助理城市規劃師，按職系階梯晉升"],"stepsEn":["Hold a recognised degree and sit the Common Recruitment Examination","Obtain a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Pass the Planning Department's selection interview and assessment","Be appointed Assistant Town Planner and progress up the grade"],"sourceIds":["careers-town-planner-1","careers-town-planner-2"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"助理城市規劃師","titleEn":"Assistant Town Planner"},{"titleZh":"城市規劃師","titleEn":"Town Planner"},{"titleZh":"高級城市規劃師","titleEn":"Senior Town Planner"},{"titleZh":"首席城市規劃師","titleEn":"Chief Town Planner"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"助理城市規劃師","titleEn":"Assistant Town Planner"},{"titleZh":"城市規劃師","titleEn":"Town Planner"},{"titleZh":"高級城市規劃師","titleEn":"Senior Town Planner"},{"titleZh":"首席城市規劃師","titleEn":"Chief Town Planner"}],"sourceIds":["careers-town-planner-1","careers-town-planner-2","careers-town-planner-3","careers-town-planner-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"trade-officer","titleZh":"貿易主任","titleEn":"Trade Officer","industryZh":"政府及紀律部隊","industryEn":"Government & disciplined services","sectorId":"government","ledeZh":"貿易主任喺工業貿易署執行對外貿易管制：簽發產地來源證同進出口證、執行戰略物品管制，並支援貿易推廣。關卡係公務員招聘，須通過綜合招聘考試、聯合招聘考試同《基本法及香港國安法測試》。","ledeEn":"Trade Officers in departments such as the Trade and Industry Department administer external trade controls: issuing certificates of origin and import or export licences, enforcing strategic goods controls, and supporting trade negotiations and promotion. The gateway is civil service recruitment, requiring passes in the Common Recruitment Examination, the Joint Recruitment Examination and the Basic Law and National Security Law Test.","bodyZh":"貿易主任嘅工作圍繞香港作為貿易樞紐嘅制度運作。喺工業貿易署，佢哋負責簽發產地來源證、進出口證同其他貿易文件，審核申請人提交嘅生產記錄同資料，確保貨物符合優惠貿易安排嘅原產地規則；亦要執行戰略物品管制，按《進出口條例》及相關規例審批許可證，防止敏感貨品非法轉移。香港承擔多邊同雙邊貿易協議嘅義務，貿易主任亦會參與談判支援、市場推廣同對外解說工作。\n\n入行關卡係公務員招聘。貿易主任屬政府職系，入職級別為二級助理貿易主任，申請人須持有學位，並在綜合招聘考試嘅能力傾向測試同兩份語文試卷取得指定成績，以及在《基本法及香港國安法測試》（學位／專業程度職系）取得及格成績。合資格申請人另須參加聯合招聘考試並取得及格成績，方會獲邀面試。獲聘者一般按公務員試用條款受聘，通過試用後可獲考慮按長期聘用條款聘用。\n\n貿易主任嘅職務會定期調派，涵蓋雙邊貿易關係、區域合作、貿易管制同推廣等範疇，部分人員會派駐海外或內地嘅經濟貿易辦事處。工作既要熟悉法規同程序，亦要應對業界查詢同投訴，講求語文、分析同溝通能力。由於貿易政策同國際規則不時更新，持續學習係呢個職系嘅日常。","bodyEn":"Trade Officers work at the heart of the institutions that keep Hong Kong a trading hub. At the Trade and Industry Department they issue certificates of origin, import and export licences and other trade documents, examining applicants' production records and data to ensure goods meet rules of origin under preferential trade arrangements; they also enforce strategic goods controls, vetting licences under the Import and Export Ordinance and related regulations to prevent unlawful transfers of sensitive items. Because Hong Kong carries multilateral and bilateral trade obligations, Trade Officers also support negotiations, market promotion and external liaison.\n\nThe gateway is civil service recruitment. Trade Officer is a government grade, entered at Assistant Trade Officer II, for which applicants need a degree, specified results in the Common Recruitment Examination's aptitude test and two language papers, and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test (degree or professional level). Eligible applicants must also pass the Joint Recruitment Examination before being invited to interview. Successful candidates are normally appointed on probationary civil service terms and may be considered for permanent terms after probation.\n\nTrade Officers are posted across bilateral trade relations, regional cooperation, trade controls and promotion, and some are seconded to overseas or Mainland economic and trade offices. The work demands familiarity with rules and procedures as well as handling industry enquiries and complaints, calling for strong language, analytical and communication skills. With trade policy and international rules changing often, continuous learning is part of the job.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：簽證、管制同談判支援","titleEn":"The job: certification, controls and negotiation support","bodyZh":"貿易主任每日同貿易文件同法規打交道。簽發產地來源證時，要核對工廠登記、生產工序同原材料來源，判斷貨品是否符合原產地規則；處理戰略物品許可證時，就要對照管制清單同最終用途，評估風險。遇到業界查詢，佢哋要解釋規定同流程。遇上貿易談判或外地訪問，則負責準備資料同協調。呢啲工作環環相扣，任何審批失誤都可能影響香港嘅貿易聲譽。","bodyEn":"Trade Officers deal with trade documents and rules every day. When issuing certificates of origin they check factory registration, production processes and raw-material sources to judge whether goods meet rules of origin; when handling strategic goods licences they compare the control list and end use to assess risk. On industry enquiries they explain requirements and procedures, and for trade talks or overseas visits they prepare briefs and coordinate. The steps are closely linked, and any vetting error can affect Hong Kong's trading reputation."},{"titleZh":"關卡：公務員招聘同考試","titleEn":"The gate: civil service recruitment and examinations","bodyZh":"貿易主任係公務員職系，關卡係政府招聘程序。申請人須持學位，在綜合招聘考試嘅能力傾向測試及格，兩份語文試卷（中文運用及英文運用）取得二級成績，並在《基本法及香港國安法測試》取得及格成績；之後須通過聯合招聘考試同面試。職系會按工作需要調派人員到唔同崗位，因此入職後仍要持續適應新範疇。","bodyEn":"Trade Officer is a civil service grade, so the gate is the government recruitment process. Applicants need a degree, a pass in the Common Recruitment Examination's aptitude test and Level 2 in the two language papers (Use of Chinese and Use of English), plus a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test; they must then pass the Joint Recruitment Examination and interview. Because the grade posts officers to different duties as needs arise, recruits must keep adapting to new areas after joining."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"貿易主任嘅晉升階梯清晰：由二級助理貿易主任起步，可升至一級助理貿易主任、貿易主任同首席貿易主任，表現優異者更有機會出任首長級職位。工作地點除政府總部同工業貿易署外，亦包括香港駐外同駐內地嘅經濟貿易辦事處。想入行嘅人，宜及早熟習貿易法規、國際經濟同兩文三語，為招聘考試同長遠發展打好基礎。","bodyEn":"The promotion ladder is clear: starting as Assistant Trade Officer II, officers may rise to Assistant Trade Officer I, Trade Officer and Principal Trade Officer, and strong performers can reach directorate posts. Postings cover not only government headquarters and the Trade and Industry Department but also Hong Kong's overseas and Mainland economic and trade offices. Newcomers are advised to get to grips early with trade rules, the international economy and biliteracy and trilingualism to prepare for the recruitment examinations and long-term development."}],"payBasisZh":"貿易主任屬公務員職系，薪酬按公務員薪級制度（總薪級表及相關首長級薪級）釐定，起薪點同增薪視乎職級、年資同表現，並非由個別僱主自由議定。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"Trade Officers are a civil service grade, and pay follows the civil service pay structure (the master pay scale and the relevant directorate pay scales); the starting point and increments depend on grade, seniority and performance rather than being freely set by an individual employer. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["持有香港任何一所大學頒授嘅學士學位或同等學歷","在綜合招聘考試能力傾向測試取得及格成績","在綜合招聘考試兩份語文試卷取得二級成績","在《基本法及香港國安法測試》（學位／專業程度職系）取得及格成績","通過聯合招聘考試及遴選面試"],"entryEn":["A bachelor's degree from a Hong Kong university or equivalent","A pass in the Common Recruitment Examination's aptitude test","Level 2 in the two language papers of the Common Recruitment Examination","A pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test (degree or professional level)","Passing the Joint Recruitment Examination and a selection interview"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"學位 → 綜合招聘考試 → 聯合招聘考試 → 二級助理貿易主任","titleEn":"Degree → Common Recruitment Examination → Joint Recruitment Examination → Assistant Trade Officer II","stepsZh":["取得學位，並在綜合招聘考試能力傾向測試及兩份語文試卷達標","在《基本法及香港國安法測試》取得及格成績","參加並通過聯合招聘考試","通過遴選面試後按公務員試用條款受聘為二級助理貿易主任"],"stepsEn":["Obtain a degree and meet the requirements of the Common Recruitment Examination's aptitude test and two language papers","Obtain a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test","Sit and pass the Joint Recruitment Examination","On passing the selection interview, be appointed Assistant Trade Officer II on probationary civil service terms"],"sourceIds":["careers-trade-officer-1","careers-trade-officer-2"]}],"progressionKind":"civil-service","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"二級助理貿易主任","titleEn":"Assistant Trade Officer II"},{"titleZh":"一級助理貿易主任","titleEn":"Assistant Trade Officer I"},{"titleZh":"貿易主任","titleEn":"Trade Officer"},{"titleZh":"首席貿易主任","titleEn":"Principal Trade Officer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"二級助理貿易主任","titleEn":"Assistant Trade Officer II"},{"titleZh":"一級助理貿易主任","titleEn":"Assistant Trade Officer I"},{"titleZh":"貿易主任","titleEn":"Trade Officer"},{"titleZh":"首席貿易主任","titleEn":"Principal Trade Officer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-trade-officer-1","careers-trade-officer-2","careers-trade-officer-3","careers-trade-officer-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"tree-climber","titleZh":"攀樹師","titleEn":"Tree climber","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"ledeZh":"攀樹師用繩索同安全帶攀上樹木，做修剪、移除枯枝同纜索固定，亦會配合吊車做高風險工程。關卡係發展局嘅樹木管理人員註冊制度，須有職安健同纜索攀爬、鏈鋸、高空救援訓練及一年相關經驗。","ledeEn":"Tree climbers ascend trees on ropes and harness to prune, remove dead limbs and install cables, and work with cranes on high-risk operations. The gateway is the Development Bureau's voluntary Register of Tree Management Personnel, requiring occupational safety and health training, rope-climbing, chainsaw and aerial-rescue training, and one year of relevant experience.","bodyZh":"攀樹師嘅工作離唔開繩索同樹冠。佢哋要評估樹木結構同周邊環境，揀選安全嘅攀爬路線同繫穩點，穿戴安全帶同防墮系統爬到指定高度，再用鏈鋸或手鋸移除枯枝、交叉枝同危險枝條，必要時安裝纜索或支撐系統固定樹幹。遇到樹木位置惡劣或枝幹過大，就要配合吊車或高空工作台作業。工作環境多變，由市區行人路旁嘅老樹到郊野斜坡都有，天氣、蜂巢、電線同交通都係風險來源。\n\n香港並無法例強制攀樹師持牌，關卡係發展局嘅樹木管理人員註冊制度。呢個制度屬自願性質，將樹藝從業員分為樹藝師、樹木風險評估員、樹木工作監督、攀樹員同鏈鋸操作員等類別。以攀樹員為例，申請人須接受與樹木工作有關嘅職安健基本訓練，完成認可機構提供嘅纜索攀爬樹木、鏈鋸使用同高空救援訓練或技能評估，並在註冊前具備唔少於一年樹木護養相關工作經驗；國際樹木學會嘅註冊攀樹師等專業資歷亦可作為資歷證明。註冊有效期三年，續期時須證明持續在職同持續進修。\n\n由於註冊屬自願，認受性主要嚟自政府部門、承辦商同業主嘅要求。政府樹木管理部門、園境同物業管理公司招標時，往往要求投標者聘用註冊人員；城市林務發展基金嘅見習生計劃亦為新人提供有薪在職培訓同考取資歷嘅途徑。想入行嘅人，一般先由體能同基本攀爬技巧入手，邊做邊考取纜索攀爬、鏈鋸同高空救援資格，再累積樹木護養經驗同申請註冊。","bodyEn":"Tree climbers work with ropes and the canopy. They assess tree structure and surroundings, choose a safe climbing route and anchor points, don a harness and fall-protection system and climb to the required height, then use a chainsaw or hand saw to remove dead, crossing or hazardous limbs, installing cables or support systems to steady the trunk where needed. Where a tree is badly placed or a limb is too large, they work with a crane or aerial platform. Settings vary from old trees beside urban pavements to countryside slopes, with weather, bee nests, power lines and traffic among the risks.\n\nNo law compels tree climbers in Hong Kong to hold a licence; the gate is the Development Bureau's Register of Tree Management Personnel. The scheme is voluntary and divides arboricultural practitioners into categories such as arborist, tree risk assessor, tree work supervisor, climber and chainsaw operator. For a climber, applicants must receive basic occupational safety and health training for tree work, complete recognised rope-climbing, chainsaw and aerial-rescue training or skills assessment, and have no less than one year of tree-care experience before registration; professional credentials such as the International Society of Arboriculture's Certified Tree Climber also count. Registration runs for three years and renewal requires proof of continuing employment and continuing arboricultural education.\n\nBecause registration is voluntary, recognition comes mainly from the requirements of government departments, contractors and property owners. When government tree-management units, landscape firms and property managers tender, they often require bidders to employ registered personnel, and the Urban Forestry Support Fund trainee programme offers newcomers paid on-the-job training and a route to qualifications. Newcomers usually begin with fitness and basic climbing technique, take rope-climbing, chainsaw and aerial-rescue qualifications as they work, then build tree-care experience and apply to register.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：繩索上嘅修剪同移除","titleEn":"The job: pruning and removal on the rope","bodyZh":"攀樹師開工前要做風險評估，觀察樹木有無腐爛、裂痕或結構缺陷，再決定攀爬路線同繫穩點。上到樹冠後，佢哋用鏈鋸分段鋸斷枝條，並用繩索控制枝條墮下方向，避免壓傷人或損毀設施；亦要為樹木拉纜索或安裝支撐，減低斷裂風險。整個工序講求體能、判斷同團隊默契，地面同事負責控制繩索、清理枝葉同戒備救援。","bodyEn":"Before starting, tree climbers carry out a risk assessment, checking for decay, cracks or structural defects and deciding on the climbing route and anchor points. In the canopy they cut limbs in sections with a chainsaw, using ropes to control the direction of fall so people and property are not struck, and may install cables or braces to reduce the risk of failure. The work demands fitness, judgement and teamwork, with ground staff managing ropes, clearing debris and standing by for rescue."},{"titleZh":"關卡：自願註冊制度同訓練要求","titleEn":"The gate: the voluntary register and training requirements","bodyZh":"香港冇攀樹師法定牌照，關卡係發展局樹木管理人員註冊制度。攀樹員類別要求申請人具備職安健基本訓練，完成認可嘅纜索攀爬、鏈鋸使用同高空救援訓練或技能評估，並有唔少於一年樹木護養經驗。制度屬自願參與，並要求註冊人遵守行為守則，註冊有效期三年，續期須有持續在職同持續進修紀錄。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no statutory licence for tree climbers; the gate is the Development Bureau's Register of Tree Management Personnel. The climber category requires applicants to have basic occupational safety and health training, complete recognised rope-climbing, chainsaw and aerial-rescue training or skills assessment, and have at least one year of tree-care experience. The scheme is voluntary, requires registrants to follow a code of conduct, and runs for three years, with renewal conditional on continuing employment and continuing education records. Conduct and performance are monitored, and the scheme is reviewed with the industry from time to time."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"極端天氣同樹木倒塌風險受社會關注，政府同私人業主對樹木檢查同護養嘅投入增加，攀樹師需求相應上升，屬較少人認識但實際需求殷切嘅工種。出路方面，可由攀樹員做到樹木工作監督，甚至轉任樹藝師或風險評估員；亦可加入政府樹木管理部門、園境承辦商或自立門戶承接工程。想入行嘅人，宜先經見習或助理崗位累積經驗，同步考取認可資格。","bodyEn":"With public concern over extreme weather and tree-failure risk, government and private owners are investing more in tree inspection and care, so demand for tree climbers is rising; it is a little-known trade with real demand. Careers can run from climber to tree work supervisor, or into arborist or risk-assessment roles, and workers may join government tree-management units, landscape contractors or set up on their own. Newcomers are advised to gain experience through trainee or assistant posts while pursuing recognised qualifications."}],"payBasisZh":"攀樹師多受僱於園境或樹木工程承辦商、物業管理公司或政府部門，薪酬由僱主按註冊資歷、技術級別、經驗同工程風險自行釐定，日薪或按件計酬相當普遍，並無劃一標準。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"Tree climbers are mostly employed by landscape or tree-work contractors, property management firms or government departments, and pay is set by the employer according to registration credentials, technical level, experience and job risk; daily or piece rates are common and there is no uniform standard. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["接受與樹木工作有關嘅職安健基本訓練","完成認可嘅纜索攀爬、鏈鋸使用同高空救援訓練或技能評估","具備唔少於一年樹木護養相關工作經驗","年滿十八歲並為香港居民（申請註冊制度）","體能良好，能適應戶外、高空及天雨環境"],"entryEn":["Basic occupational safety and health training for tree work","Completion of recognised rope-climbing, chainsaw and aerial-rescue training or skills assessment","No less than one year of relevant tree-care experience","Being at least 18 years old and a Hong Kong resident (for registration)","Good physical fitness for outdoor, height and wet-weather work"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"見習生計劃 → 考取攀爬及鏈鋸資格 → 註冊攀樹員","titleEn":"Trainee programme → climbing and chainsaw qualifications → registered climber","stepsZh":["參加城市林務發展基金見習生計劃或任職助理，邊做邊學","接受職安健基本訓練及認可嘅纜索攀爬、鏈鋸、高空救援訓練","累積唔少於一年樹木護養工作經驗","向發展局樹木管理人員註冊制度申請註冊為攀樹員"],"stepsEn":["Join the Urban Forestry Support Fund trainee programme or work as an assistant while learning","Take basic occupational safety and health training and recognised rope-climbing, chainsaw and aerial-rescue training","Accumulate no less than one year of tree-care experience","Apply to the Development Bureau's Register of Tree Management Personnel for registration as a climber"],"sourceIds":["careers-tree-climber-1","careers-tree-climber-3"]},{"titleZh":"就業累積經驗 → 認可訓練／技能評估 → 註冊攀樹員","titleEn":"Employment experience → recognised training or skills assessment → registered climber","stepsZh":["投身樹木工程或園境工作，累積現場經驗","完成認可機構或業內組織提供嘅纜索攀爬、鏈鋸及高空救援訓練或技能評估","備妥持續在職紀錄同相關資歷證明","遞交註冊申請並遵守註冊人員行為守則"],"stepsEn":["Work in tree work or landscaping to build on-site experience","Complete rope-climbing, chainsaw and aerial-rescue training or skills assessment from a recognised institution or industry body","Prepare continuing employment records and relevant qualification evidence","Submit a registration application and follow the registrants' code of conduct"],"sourceIds":["careers-tree-climber-1","careers-tree-climber-2"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"樹木工作助理","titleEn":"Tree work assistant"},{"titleZh":"攀樹員（註冊）","titleEn":"Registered tree climber"},{"titleZh":"樹木工作監督","titleEn":"Tree work supervisor"},{"titleZh":"樹藝師","titleEn":"Arborist"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"樹木工作助理","titleEn":"Tree work assistant"},{"titleZh":"攀樹員（註冊）","titleEn":"Registered tree climber"},{"titleZh":"樹木工作監督","titleEn":"Tree work supervisor"},{"titleZh":"樹藝師","titleEn":"Arborist"}],"sourceIds":["careers-tree-climber-1","careers-tree-climber-2","careers-tree-climber-3","careers-tree-climber-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"valuation-surveyor","titleZh":"產業測量師","titleEn":"Valuation surveyor","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","ledeZh":"產業測量師為物業估值：分析成交、租金同市場趨勢，撰寫估值報告，供買賣、按揭、稅務同訴訟使用。關卡係法定註冊，須完成認可課程、通過香港測量師學會專業評核試，再向測量師註冊管理局註冊。","ledeEn":"Valuation surveyors value property: analysing transactions, rents and market trends and writing valuation reports for sale, mortgage, tax and litigation. The gate is statutory registration: completing a recognised programme, passing the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors' professional assessment, then registering with the Surveyors Registration Board.","bodyZh":"產業測量師嘅核心工作係為物業定出價值。佢哋會搜集同分析成交個案、租金數據同市場趨勢，考慮位置、面積、樓齡、用途限制、地契條款同未來發展等因素，運用比較法、投資法或成本法等估值方法，撰寫附有假設同限制條件嘅估值報告。用途好廣，包括買賣同收購、銀行按揭、財務報告、差餉同地租、補地價、稅務爭議同訴訟，部分測量師亦會做市場研究同投資顧問。\n\n香港對「產業測量師」嘅名銜有法定規管。根據《測量師註冊條例》，只有名列測量師註冊管理局備存嘅註冊名冊、並屬相關組別嘅人，先可以使用「產業測量師」等專業名銜同執業。要取得註冊資格，一般先完成香港測量師學會認可嘅測量學學位或同等學歷，再累積指定在職專業經驗，通過學會嘅專業評核試（包括筆試、評核同專業面試），成為學會嘅正式會員，先可以向測量師註冊管理局申請註冊。\n\n註冊測量師可受僱於政府部門（如差餉物業估價署）、銀行、發展商或測量顧問行，亦可自行執業。估價工作需要對市場有敏銳觸覺，亦要熟悉法例同會計準則；隨着房地產市場、企業融資同資產管理發展，估值服務嘅需求保持穩定。從業者須持續參加專業發展活動，以維持會員同註冊資格。","bodyEn":"The core of a valuation surveyor's work is to determine the value of property. They gather and analyse transaction evidence, rental data and market trends, weigh location, area, age, use restrictions, lease conditions and future development, apply valuation methods such as the comparison, investment and cost approaches, and write reports stating assumptions and limiting conditions. Uses are wide-ranging: sale and acquisition, bank mortgage, financial reporting, rates and government rent, lease modification premiums, tax disputes and litigation, with some surveyors also doing market research and investment advice.\n\nThe title of valuation surveyor is statutorily regulated in Hong Kong. Under the Surveyors Registration Ordinance, only persons on the register kept by the Surveyors Registration Board, in the relevant division, may use the professional title of valuation surveyor and practise. To qualify for registration, a candidate normally completes a surveying degree recognised by the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors or equivalent, accumulates specified professional experience, passes the Institute's professional assessment (including written examinations, assessment and a professional interview) to become a corporate member, and then applies to the Surveyors Registration Board for registration.\n\nRegistered surveyors may be employed by government departments such as the Rating and Valuation Department, banks, developers or surveying consultancies, or practise on their own. Valuation work calls for a keen sense of the market and familiarity with legislation and accounting standards, and demand for valuation services stays steady as the property market, corporate finance and asset management develop. Practitioners must take part in continuing professional development to maintain membership and registration.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：估值方法同報告","titleEn":"The job: valuation methods and reports","bodyZh":"估值唔係單憑感覺，而係一套有依據嘅程序。測量師要實地視察物業，量度面積、記錄狀況同周邊環境，再搜集同類成交同租務資料作比較，必要時用投資法估算回報或成本法計算重建價值。報告要清楚列明估值基準、假設同限制，例如市場狀況、租約影響或業權問題。同一物業喺唔同用途（自住、出租、重建）下可以有唔同價值，測量師嘅專業判斷正正體現喺呢度。","bodyEn":"Valuation is not guesswork but a reasoned process. Surveyors inspect the property on site, measure area and record condition and surroundings, gather comparable transaction and rental evidence, and where necessary apply the investment approach to estimate returns or the cost approach to assess rebuild value. Reports must clearly state the basis of value, assumptions and limiting conditions such as market conditions, lease effects or title issues. The same property can carry different values for different uses—owner-occupation, letting or redevelopment—and the surveyor's professional judgement lies precisely here."},{"titleZh":"關卡：法定註冊同專業評核試","titleEn":"The gate: statutory registration and the professional assessment","bodyZh":"產業測量師嘅名銜受《測量師註冊條例》規管，未註冊者不得使用相關名銜執業。註冊路徑一般係：完成學會認可學位，累積在職經驗，通過專業評核試成為學會正式會員，再向測量師註冊管理局申請。專業評核試考核估價理論、法例、實務同專業操守，並要求提交工作經驗報告。註冊後仍須符合學會嘅持續專業發展要求。","bodyEn":"The valuation surveyor title is regulated by the Surveyors Registration Ordinance, and unregistered persons may not use it or practise under it. The route is normally: complete a recognised degree, accumulate professional experience, pass the professional assessment to become a corporate member, then apply to the Surveyors Registration Board. The assessment examines valuation theory, legislation, practice and professional ethics and requires a log of work experience. After registration, members must still meet the Institute's continuing professional development requirements and keep their registration valid by complying with the ordinance and the Institute's rules."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"測量師嘅出路橫跨公私營。政府方面，差餉物業估價署負責評估差餉同地租、編製物業資料；私營方面，發展商、銀行、基金同測量顧問行都需要估值同顧問服務。近年企業融資、房地產信託同資產管理發展，令估值工作更趨專業化。想入行嘅人，宜修讀認可測量課程，並及早了解學會嘅專業評核要求同行業實務。","bodyEn":"Surveyors' careers span the public and private sectors. In government, the Rating and Valuation Department assesses rates and government rent and compiles property data; privately, developers, banks, funds and surveying consultancies all need valuation and advisory services. Corporate finance, real estate trusts and asset management have made valuation more specialised. Newcomers are advised to study a recognised surveying programme and to understand early the Institute's professional assessment requirements and industry practice, while experienced surveyors may also move into academia or advisory roles."}],"payBasisZh":"產業測量師薪酬視僱主而定：政府職位按公務員薪級釐定；私營測量行、銀行或發展商按公司薪酬政策、註冊資格、經驗同業務性質自行釐定；自僱者則按項目收費或佣金安排。並無劃一標準。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay for valuation surveyors depends on the employer: government posts follow civil service pay scales, while private surveying firms, banks or developers set pay according to their own policies, registration credentials, experience and business nature; the self-employed charge by project or commission arrangement. There is no uniform standard. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["完成香港測量師學會認可嘅測量學學位或同等學歷","累積指定嘅在職專業經驗","通過香港測量師學會嘅專業評核試，成為正式會員","向測量師註冊管理局申請註冊為產業測量師","遵守持續專業發展及專業操守要求"],"entryEn":["A surveying degree recognised by the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors or equivalent","Accumulating the specified professional experience","Passing the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors' professional assessment to become a corporate member","Applying to the Surveyors Registration Board for registration as a valuation surveyor","Meeting continuing professional development and professional conduct requirements"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"認可學位 → 在職經驗 → 專業評核試 → 註冊產業測量師","titleEn":"Recognised degree → professional experience → professional assessment → registered valuation surveyor","stepsZh":["修讀學會認可嘅測量學學位或同等課程","在測量行、銀行或政府等機構累積指定在職專業經驗","報考並通過學會嘅專業評核試，成為正式會員","向測量師註冊管理局申請註冊，方可使用「產業測量師」名銜"],"stepsEn":["Study a surveying degree or equivalent recognised by the Institute","Accumulate the specified professional experience at a surveying firm, bank or the Government","Sit and pass the Institute's professional assessment to become a corporate member","Apply to the Surveyors Registration Board so as to use the valuation surveyor title"],"sourceIds":["careers-valuation-surveyor-2","careers-valuation-surveyor-3"]}],"progressionKind":"professional-licence","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習測量師","titleEn":"Probationer surveyor"},{"titleZh":"產業測量師（註冊）","titleEn":"Registered valuation surveyor"},{"titleZh":"高級產業測量師","titleEn":"Senior valuation surveyor"},{"titleZh":"董事／主管測量師","titleEn":"Director / head of surveying"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習測量師","titleEn":"Probationer surveyor"},{"titleZh":"產業測量師（註冊）","titleEn":"Registered valuation surveyor"},{"titleZh":"高級產業測量師","titleEn":"Senior valuation surveyor"},{"titleZh":"董事／主管測量師","titleEn":"Director / head of surveying"}],"sourceIds":["careers-valuation-surveyor-1","careers-valuation-surveyor-2","careers-valuation-surveyor-3","careers-valuation-surveyor-4","careers-valuation-surveyor-5"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"vehicle-examiner","titleZh":"驗車員","titleEn":"Vehicle examiner","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"驗車員喺指定車輛測試中心檢查車輛制動、燈光、排放同車身結構是否符合法例，記錄結果同簽發合格證明。關卡係運輸署授權嘅認可車輛測試員或負責人資格，須有指定經驗同通過考核。","ledeEn":"Vehicle examiners check brakes, lighting, emissions and body structure against the law at designated car testing centres and government vehicle examination centres, record results and issue pass certificates. The gate is authorisation by the Transport Department as an Approved Car Tester or Responsible Person, requiring specified experience and passing an assessment.","bodyZh":"驗車員嘅工作係按照法例同檢驗手冊，逐項檢查車輛係咪適宜在路上行走。私家車同輕型貨車嘅周年檢驗，會測試制動（包括制動力同不平衡度）、燈光同訊號、輪胎同車軸、轉向、懸掛、車身結構、廢氣排放同其他安全項目；必要時會用制動測試儀同廢氣分析儀等設備量度，將結果同法定標準比對。檢驗後要填寫缺陷清單，記錄唔合格項目，合格嘅就簽發車輛適宜行走證明；若有爭議，車主可以提出上訴。\n\n香港嘅車輛檢驗制度由《道路交通條例》同相關規例規管。除政府嘅車輛檢驗中心外，運輸署可指定私營車輛測試中心，中心內負責檢驗嘅人必須獲運輸署書面授權。指定車輛測試中心實務守則列出兩類關鍵人員：認可車輛測試員同負責人，兩者都須符合指定資歷同經驗要求，並完成運輸署安排嘅實務訓練同通過能力測驗，先可獲授權。中心亦須設有負責統籌嘅主管，確保檢驗質素同程序合規。\n\n驗車員多受僱於指定車輛測試中心營運商或運輸署，工作講求準確、客觀同對法例嘅熟悉。由於檢驗結果直接影響車輛能否續牌同道路安全，從業者要緊貼法例修訂同檢驗手冊更新。有志入行嘅人，一般先具備汽車維修或檢驗經驗，再累積指定年資，然後報考運輸署嘅授權資格同接受實務訓練。","bodyEn":"Vehicle examiners check, item by item and in line with the law and the tester's inspection manual, whether a vehicle is fit to be on the road. For the annual examination of private cars and light goods vehicles they test brakes (including braking force and imbalance), lights and signals, tyres and axles, steering, suspension, body structure, exhaust emissions and other safety items, measuring with equipment such as brake testers and exhaust analysers and comparing the results with legal standards. Afterwards they complete a defect list, record failed items and issue a certificate of roadworthiness where the vehicle passes; owners may appeal if there is a dispute.\n\nVehicle examination in Hong Kong is governed by the Road Traffic Ordinance and related regulations. Besides government vehicle examination centres, the Transport Department may designate private car testing centres, whose examiners must be authorised in writing by the Department. The Code of Practice for Designated Car Testing Centres identifies two key roles, the Approved Car Tester and the Responsible Person, both of which must meet specified qualifications and experience requirements and complete the Department's practical training and pass a competence test before authorisation. A centre must also have a manager to oversee quality and compliance.\n\nVehicle examiners are mostly employed by the operators of designated car testing centres or by the Transport Department, and the work demands accuracy, objectivity and familiarity with the law. Because results directly affect whether a vehicle can be re-licensed and road safety generally, practitioners must keep up with legal amendments and updates to the inspection manual. Those seeking to enter usually build vehicle repair or inspection experience first, accumulate the required years, then apply for the Department's authorisation and undergo practical training.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：逐項檢驗同簽證","titleEn":"The job: item-by-item inspection and certification","bodyZh":"驗車員每個工作天要處理多部車輛，由私家車、輕型貨車到重型車。檢驗過程有既定次序同標準，例如用制動測試儀量度各車輪制動力，確保左右平衡同總制動力達標；用廢氣分析儀檢查排放是否合乎規格；再逐項檢視燈光、輪胎、轉向同車身。發現問題要如實記錄，唔可以為咗讓車主過關而放寬標準，因為車輛安全關乎公眾。檢驗完畢要簽發文件，並保存紀錄以備查核。","bodyEn":"A vehicle examiner handles many vehicles a day, from private cars and light goods vehicles to heavy vehicles. Inspection follows a set order and standard: a brake tester measures the braking force at each wheel to confirm balance and overall performance meet the mark, an exhaust analyser checks emissions against the specification, and then lights, tyres, steering and bodywork are checked item by item. Defects must be recorded truthfully; standards cannot be relaxed to help an owner pass, because vehicle safety affects the public. Once the examination is done, documents are issued and records kept for audit."},{"titleZh":"關卡：運輸署授權同實務訓練","titleEn":"The gate: Transport Department authorisation and practical training","bodyZh":"驗車員唔係自稱就可以做，必須獲運輸署書面授權。按指定車輛測試中心實務守則，認可車輛測試員同負責人要符合指定資歷同經驗，並完成實務訓練同通過能力測驗，中心亦要有指定主管。整個制度建基於《道路交通條例》，運輸署會監察中心運作同檢驗質素。呢種「政府授權、私營執行」嘅模式，令驗車員嘅關卡同公務員職位唔同，但同樣受法例約束。","bodyEn":"A vehicle examiner cannot simply declare himself one; written authorisation from the Transport Department is required. Under the Code of Practice for Designated Car Testing Centres, Approved Car Testers and Responsible Persons must meet specified qualifications and experience, complete practical training and pass a competence test, and a centre must have a designated manager. The whole system rests on the Road Traffic Ordinance, and the Department monitors centre operations and inspection quality. This government-authorised, privately-run model means the gate differs from a civil service post, yet is equally bound by law."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"香港車輛數目龐大，加上法定檢驗（如周年檢驗同續牌檢驗）需求穩定，驗車員工作相對有保障。出路方面，可由前線檢驗員晉升為中心主管或負責人，亦可憑經驗轉往車輛維修管理、品質控制或政府部門。想入行嘅人，宜先累積汽車維修同檢驗實務，熟讀法例同檢驗手冊，再考取運輸署嘅授權資格。行業亦隨電動車普及而更新檢驗要求，從業者要持續學習。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has a large vehicle population and statutory examination—annual and re-licensing inspections—generates steady demand, giving vehicle examiners relatively secure work. Careers can run from front-line examiner to centre manager or Responsible Person, or, with experience, into vehicle maintenance management, quality control or government service. Newcomers are advised to build vehicle repair and inspection experience, study the law and inspection manual closely, then obtain the Transport Department's authorisation. As electric vehicles spread, examination requirements keep changing, so practitioners must keep learning."}],"payBasisZh":"驗車員薪酬由僱主釐定：受僱於私營指定車輛測試中心者，按公司薪酬政策、授權資格、經驗同職級而定；受僱於政府者則按公務員薪級釐定。並無劃一標準。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay for vehicle examiners is set by the employer: those employed by private designated car testing centres follow the company's pay policy according to authorisation, experience and grade, while those employed by the Government follow civil service pay scales. There is no uniform standard. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["具備汽車維修或車輛檢驗相關經驗","累積運輸署指定嘅相關工作年資","完成運輸署安排嘅實務訓練並通過能力測驗","獲運輸署書面授權為認可車輛測試員或負責人","熟悉《道路交通條例》同檢驗手冊要求"],"entryEn":["Relevant experience in vehicle repair or vehicle inspection","Accumulating the years of relevant experience specified by the Transport Department","Completing the Department's practical training and passing a competence test","Being authorised in writing by the Transport Department as an Approved Car Tester or Responsible Person","Familiarity with the Road Traffic Ordinance and the inspection manual"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"汽車維修經驗 → 運輸署實務訓練 → 獲授權為認可車輛測試員","titleEn":"Vehicle repair experience → Transport Department practical training → authorisation as an Approved Car Tester","stepsZh":["累積汽車維修或車輛檢驗相關經驗同指定年資","完成運輸署安排嘅實務訓練","通過運輸署嘅能力測驗","獲運輸署書面授權為認可車輛測試員，日後可任負責人或中心主管"],"stepsEn":["Build relevant vehicle repair or inspection experience and the specified years","Complete the practical training arranged by the Transport Department","Pass the Department's competence test","Be authorised in writing as an Approved Car Tester, later able to serve as Responsible Person or centre manager"],"sourceIds":["careers-vehicle-examiner-1","careers-vehicle-examiner-3"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習檢驗人員","titleEn":"Trainee inspection staff"},{"titleZh":"認可車輛測試員","titleEn":"Approved Car Tester"},{"titleZh":"負責人","titleEn":"Responsible Person"},{"titleZh":"車輛測試中心主管","titleEn":"Centre manager"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習檢驗人員","titleEn":"Trainee inspection staff"},{"titleZh":"認可車輛測試員","titleEn":"Approved Car Tester"},{"titleZh":"負責人","titleEn":"Responsible Person"},{"titleZh":"車輛測試中心主管","titleEn":"Centre manager"}],"sourceIds":["careers-vehicle-examiner-1","careers-vehicle-examiner-2","careers-vehicle-examiner-3","careers-vehicle-examiner-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"vehicle-mechanic","titleZh":"汽車維修技師","titleEn":"Vehicle mechanic","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","ledeZh":"汽車維修技師檢查同維修引擎、波箱、制動、懸掛同電路，用診斷儀讀取故障碼、試車同報價。關卡係機電工程署嘅車輛維修技工自願註冊計劃，按主服務同專項分級，須符合指定資歷同經驗。","ledeEn":"Vehicle mechanics inspect and repair car engines, transmissions, brakes, suspension and electrical systems, read fault codes with diagnostic tools, road test and quote, and carry out scheduled servicing. The gate is the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department's voluntary registration scheme for vehicle mechanics, graded by main service and speciality with specified qualifications and experience.","bodyZh":"汽車維修技師嘅工作，離唔開「檢查—診斷—維修—測試」四個步驟。車輛入廠，佢哋先問症同試車，了解異響、抖動、耗油或警示燈等症狀，再用診斷儀讀取故障碼、量度電壓電阻同壓力，判斷問題根源。維修範圍好廣，包括引擎（正時、氣門、燃油系統）、波箱、制動、懸掛同轉向、冷氣同電路。換件之後要試車覆核，確保問題解決。日常亦要做換油、換濾芯、檢查皮帶同制動皮等定期保養。\n\n香港對汽車維修技師並無法定牌照，關卡係機電工程署嘅車輛維修技工自願註冊計劃。計劃按車種同工種劃分，設有四個主要服務類別（機械服務、電器服務、車身維修同車身噴漆）同多個專項，並分設唔同等級嘅註冊技工名銜，要求申請人具備相關學歷、訓練同年在職經驗，通過技能評核先可註冊。計劃屬自願性質，主要目的係提升維修質素同市民信心；由於電動車普及，涉及高壓電力嘅維修工序另有專門要求，須由受過相關訓練嘅人員處理。\n\n技師多受僱於原廠維修中心、獨立車房、車隊維修部或運輸署指定車輛測試中心。行業正面對車款電子化同電動化嘅挑戰，診斷同編程能力愈趨重要。想入行嘅人，可經職業訓練局嘅職學計劃或汽車科技課程邊學邊做，再累積經驗同考取註冊資格；之後可晉升為主管、技術培訓導師，或專攻某類系統成為專科技師。","bodyEn":"A vehicle mechanic's work follows four steps: check, diagnose, repair and test. When a car comes in they ask about the symptoms and road test it, noting noises, vibration, fuel consumption or warning lights, then use diagnostic tools to read fault codes and measure voltage, resistance and pressure to find the root cause. Repairs cover a wide range: engines (timing, valves, fuel systems), transmissions, brakes, suspension and steering, air-conditioning and electrics. Parts are replaced and the car road tested again to confirm the fault is cured. Routine servicing—oil and filter changes, belt and brake-pad checks—is also part of the job.\n\nHong Kong has no statutory licence for vehicle mechanics; the gate is the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department's voluntary registration scheme for vehicle mechanics. The scheme is organised by vehicle type and trade, with four main service classes (mechanical services, electrical services, body repair and body painting) and multiple specialities, and different grades of registered mechanic titles. Applicants need relevant academic qualifications, training and years of experience, and must pass a skills assessment to register. Registration is voluntary, aimed at raising repair quality and public confidence; as electric vehicles spread, high-voltage work carries separate requirements and must be handled by suitably trained personnel.\n\nMechanics are mostly employed by franchised service centres, independent garages, fleet maintenance departments or Transport Department designated car testing centres. The trade faces the challenge of ever more electronic and electric vehicles, making diagnostic and programming skills increasingly important. Newcomers can combine study and work through the Vocational Training Council's Earn and Learn scheme or automotive technology courses, then build experience and gain registration; they may later rise to supervisor or technical trainer, or specialise in a particular vehicle system.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：由問症到試車","titleEn":"The job: from symptoms to road test","bodyZh":"技師嘅一天由接收車輛開始。佢哋要理解車主描述嘅症狀，有時要花時間試車去重現問題，再用診斷儀同儀錶逐步排查。以引擎抖動為例，可能係點火、供油、真空洩漏或感應器故障，要靠讀數據同逐項排除。維修要按維修手冊嘅扭力同程序，換完件再測試。除咗技術，仲要同客人解釋收費同進度，講求耐性同溝通。","bodyEn":"A mechanic's day starts with receiving vehicles. They have to understand the symptoms the owner describes, sometimes spending time road testing to reproduce the fault, then work through it step by step with diagnostic tools and instruments. Engine vibration, for example, may stem from ignition, fuelling, a vacuum leak or a sensor fault, and data reading and elimination are needed. Repairs must follow the manual's torque figures and procedures, and parts are tested after fitting. Beyond technique, mechanics must explain costs and progress to customers, which calls for patience and communication."},{"titleZh":"關卡：自願註冊計劃同分級","titleEn":"The gate: the voluntary registration scheme and its grading","bodyZh":"香港冇汽車維修技師嘅法定發牌制度，關卡係機電工程署嘅自願註冊計劃。計劃按四個主要服務類別（機械服務、電器服務、車身維修同車身噴漆）同多個專項分級，並要求申請人具備相關學歷、訓練同工作經驗，通過技能評核先可註冊為技工。近年電動車同混合動力車普及，涉及高壓系統嘅工序風險高，須由受過專門訓練嘅人員處理。註冊雖屬自願，但原廠同大型車隊普遍視之為聘用參考。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong has no statutory licensing scheme for vehicle mechanics; the gate is the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department's voluntary registration scheme. It is graded by four main service classes (mechanical services, electrical services, body repair and body painting) and multiple specialities, and requires applicants to have relevant qualifications, training and work experience and to pass a skills assessment before registering as a mechanic. With the spread of electric and hybrid vehicles, high-voltage work carries high risk and must be handled by specially trained staff. Registration is voluntary, but franchised centres and large fleets commonly treat it as a hiring reference."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"香港車多路密，維修需求穩定；車輛電子化令故障診斷更複雜，具備電腦診斷同電動車維修能力嘅技師更為搶手。出路方面，可由學徒做到技師，再晉升為主管、技術主任或培訓導師；亦可專攻引擎、波箱、電動車高壓系統或車身電器。想入行嘅人，宜經職學計劃或相關課程打好基礎，邊做邊考取註冊同專項資格。","bodyEn":"Hong Kong's dense traffic keeps repair demand steady, and vehicle electronics have made fault diagnosis more complex, so mechanics with computer diagnostics and electric-vehicle skills are in demand. Careers can run from apprentice to mechanic, then on to supervisor, technical officer or trainer, or a specialism in engines, transmissions, electric-vehicle high-voltage systems or vehicle electrics. Newcomers are advised to build a foundation through the Earn and Learn scheme or a relevant course, working while earning registration and speciality qualifications, and registration also requires continuing professional development to stay current."}],"payBasisZh":"汽車維修技師多受僱於原廠維修中心、獨立車房或車隊維修部，薪酬由僱主按工種、註冊資格、專項技能、經驗同服務表現自行釐定，部分設佣金或獎金安排，並無劃一標準。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"Vehicle mechanics are mostly employed by franchised service centres, independent garages or fleet maintenance departments, and pay is set by the employer according to trade, registration credentials, speciality skills, experience and performance, sometimes with commission or bonus arrangements; there is no uniform standard. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["修讀汽車科技或相關課程，或經職學計劃邊學邊做","累積車輛維修實務經驗","符合機電工程署車輛維修技工註冊計劃嘅資歷同經驗要求","通過計劃嘅技能評核並完成註冊","如處理電動車高壓系統，須完成相關專門訓練"],"entryEn":["Studying automotive technology or a related course, or joining the Earn and Learn scheme","Accumulating practical vehicle maintenance experience","Meeting the qualification and experience requirements of the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department's registration scheme","Passing the scheme's skills assessment and completing registration","Completing the relevant specialist training where electric-vehicle high-voltage systems are involved"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"汽車科技課程／職學計劃 → 技能評核 → 註冊車輛維修技工","titleEn":"Automotive technology course / Earn and Learn → skills assessment → registered vehicle mechanic","stepsZh":["修讀汽車科技課程或經職學計劃邊學邊做","累積車輛維修實務經驗","報考並通過計劃嘅技能評核","向機電工程署車輛維修註冊組申請註冊，之後可考取專項資格"],"stepsEn":["Study an automotive technology course or join the Earn and Learn scheme","Accumulate practical vehicle maintenance experience","Sit and pass the scheme's skills assessment","Apply to the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department's Vehicle Maintenance Registration Unit to register, later taking speciality qualifications"],"sourceIds":["careers-vehicle-mechanic-1","careers-vehicle-mechanic-4"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"學徒／見習技工","titleEn":"Apprentice / trainee mechanic"},{"titleZh":"車輛維修技工","titleEn":"Vehicle mechanic"},{"titleZh":"註冊車輛維修技師（專項）","titleEn":"Registered vehicle mechanic (speciality)"},{"titleZh":"維修主管／技術導師","titleEn":"Maintenance supervisor / technical trainer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"學徒／見習技工","titleEn":"Apprentice / trainee mechanic"},{"titleZh":"車輛維修技工","titleEn":"Vehicle mechanic"},{"titleZh":"註冊車輛維修技師（專項）","titleEn":"Registered vehicle mechanic (speciality)"},{"titleZh":"維修主管／技術導師","titleEn":"Maintenance supervisor / technical trainer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-vehicle-mechanic-1","careers-vehicle-mechanic-2","careers-vehicle-mechanic-3","careers-vehicle-mechanic-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"yoga-instructor","titleZh":"瑜伽導師","titleEn":"Yoga instructor","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","emerging":true,"ledeZh":"瑜伽導師教授課堂：編排體位序列、示範同調整姿勢、指導呼吸同放鬆，並照顧不同程度嘅學員。香港冇法定牌照，關卡係資歷架構認可嘅導師訓練證書（如二百至三百小時課程）同持續進修。","ledeEn":"Yoga instructors teach classes: sequencing postures, demonstrating and adjusting alignment, guiding breathing and relaxation, and catering for mixed abilities. Hong Kong has no statutory licence, so the gate is a qualifications-framework-recognised teacher training certificate (such as a 200- to 300-hour course) plus continuing study.","bodyZh":"瑜伽導師嘅工作包括設計同教授課堂。佢哋會因應學員程度同需要編排體位序列，由熱身、主體式子到放鬆同呼吸練習，並示範正確姿勢、用口令引導動作同呼吸，對初學者作出調整或提供輔助工具。課堂之外，導師亦要處理課程編排、場地同報名安排，並留意學員身體狀況，避免受傷。市場需求多元，由連鎖健身中心、社區中心到私人課堂同企業班，都有瑜伽教學嘅空間。\n\n香港並無為瑜伽導師設立統一嘅法定發牌或註冊制度，任何人自稱導師並不違法，因此關卡主要來自市場同專業資歷。常見做法係修讀受認可嘅導師訓練課程，取得證書作為資歷證明；部分課程已納入香港資歷架構，並在資歷名冊登記，學員可據此了解課程級別同學習量（例如二百或三百小時嘅訓練）。有志進修嘅成年人亦可申請持續進修基金，修讀基金認可嘅課程。\n\n由於冇法定門檻，導師嘅認受性主要取決於訓練背景、教學年資、口碑同保險安排。不少僱主要求導師持有認可訓練證書，並具備急救或運動安全相關知識。想入行嘅人，一般先經基礎導師訓練課程取得資歷，累積教學時數同經驗後再進修中級或專項課程；亦可按興趣鑽研某類派別或族群（如孕婦、長者）成為專科導師。","bodyEn":"Yoga instructors design and teach classes. They sequence postures to suit students' levels and needs—warm-up, main poses, then relaxation and breathing practice—demonstrate correct alignment, cue movement and breath, and adjust beginners or offer props. Outside class they handle scheduling, venues and enrolment, and watch for students' physical condition to prevent injury. Demand is varied, with teaching opportunities in chain fitness centres, community centres and private or corporate classes.\n\nHong Kong has no single statutory licensing or registration system for yoga instructors, and calling oneself an instructor is not unlawful, so the gate comes mainly from the market and professional credentials. The common route is to complete a recognised teacher training course and use the certificate as evidence of qualification; some courses are placed under the Hong Kong Qualifications Framework and listed on the Qualifications Register, allowing learners to see the level and learning volume (for example 200- or 300-hour training). Adults seeking further study may also apply to the Continuing Education Fund for recognised courses.\n\nWith no legal threshold, an instructor's standing depends mainly on training background, teaching years, reputation and insurance arrangements. Many employers require a recognised training certificate plus first-aid or exercise-safety knowledge. Newcomers usually obtain a qualification through a foundation teacher training course, build teaching hours and experience, then take intermediate or specialist courses; they may also focus on a particular style or group, such as pregnant women or older adults, to become a specialist instructor.","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作實況：一節課嘅設計同帶領","titleEn":"The job: designing and leading a class","bodyZh":"一節瑜伽課看似輕鬆，背後要做足準備。導師要根據學員程度設計序列，安排由淺入深嘅動作，並預留時間做呼吸練習同大休息。課堂上要清楚示範、用口令同步引導動作同呼吸，並逐個觀察學員嘅姿勢，糾正錯誤或提供磚、帶等輔助。遇上學員不適，要即時調整或停止動作。近年線上課堂增加，導師亦要掌握鏡頭示範同聲音引導嘅技巧。","bodyEn":"A yoga class looks relaxed but takes preparation. The instructor designs a sequence for the students' level, arranging poses from easy to harder and leaving time for breathing practice and final relaxation. In class they demonstrate clearly, cue movement and breath together, and watch each student's alignment, correcting errors or offering blocks and straps. If a student feels unwell, the pose is adjusted or stopped at once. With more online classes in recent years, instructors must also master demonstrating to camera and guiding by voice."},{"titleZh":"關卡：資歷架構認可課程同持續進修","titleEn":"The gate: qualifications-framework-recognised courses and continuing study","bodyZh":"瑜伽導師唔屬法定註冊專業，關卡係市場公認嘅導師訓練資歷。常見嘅基礎課程為二百年或三百小時嘅訓練，涵蓋體位、解剖、教學法同安全；部分課程納入香港資歷架構並登記於資歷名冊，級別同學習量一目了然。持續進修基金亦資助合資格成年人修讀認可課程。由於冇統一發牌，僱主同學員通常以證書、教學年資同口碑作為判斷依據。","bodyEn":"Yoga instructors are not a statutorily registered profession, so the gate is the teacher training credential recognised by the market. Typical foundation courses run 200 or 300 hours covering postures, anatomy, teaching method and safety; some are placed under the Hong Kong Qualifications Framework and listed on the Qualifications Register, making the level and learning volume clear. The Continuing Education Fund also subsidises recognised courses for eligible adults. With no unified licensing, employers and students usually judge by certificate, teaching years and reputation."},{"titleZh":"行業實況同出路","titleEn":"Industry reality and pathways","bodyZh":"健身同身心靈市場持續擴張，瑜伽課程需求穩定，但入行門檻低令競爭激烈，導師要靠特色同口碑突圍。出路方面，可由客席導師做到固定課堂導師、資深導師或課程總監，亦可自組工作室、開辦導師培訓或專攻復健、孕婦、長者等族群。想入行嘅人，宜先取得認可導師訓練證書，累積教學時數，再按方向進修專項課程。","bodyEn":"The fitness and wellness market keeps expanding and demand for yoga classes is steady, but the low entry barrier makes competition intense, so instructors stand out through specialisms and reputation. Careers can run from relief instructor to regular class instructor, senior instructor or programme director, or into running a studio, delivering teacher training or specialising in rehabilitation, pregnancy or older adults. Newcomers are advised to gain a recognised teacher training certificate, build teaching hours, then take specialist courses along their chosen direction."}],"payBasisZh":"瑜伽導師薪酬由僱主或合作安排決定：受僱於健身中心或社區機構者按課節或薪酬政策釐定；自僱者按課堂收費、分成或套票安排，收入視乎班型、地區、年資同知名度。並無劃一標準。本站不列任何金額。","payBasisEn":"Pay for yoga instructors is set by the employer or the arrangement between parties: those employed by fitness centres or community organisations follow a per-class rate or pay policy, while the self-employed use class fees, revenue sharing or package arrangements, with income depending on class type, district, seniority and reputation. There is no uniform standard. This site states no figures.","entryZh":["完成認可嘅瑜伽導師訓練課程並取得證書","具備體位、解剖及教學法基礎知識","累積教學時數同課堂經驗","具備急救或運動安全相關知識","持續進修以維持及提升資歷"],"entryEn":["Completing a recognised yoga teacher training course and obtaining a certificate","Foundation knowledge of postures, anatomy and teaching method","Accumulating teaching hours and classroom experience","First-aid or exercise-safety knowledge","Continuing study to maintain and enhance qualifications"],"routes":[{"titleZh":"基礎導師訓練 → 累積教學時數 → 中級／專項進修 → 資深或專科導師","titleEn":"Foundation teacher training → teaching hours → intermediate or specialist courses → senior or specialist instructor","stepsZh":["修讀認可嘅基礎瑜伽導師訓練課程（如二百小時）並取得證書","累積教學時數同課堂經驗","進修中級或專項課程（如三百小時、孕婦或長者瑜伽）","成為資深導師、專科導師或課程總監"],"stepsEn":["Complete a recognised foundation yoga teacher training course (such as 200 hours) and obtain a certificate","Accumulate teaching hours and classroom experience","Take intermediate or specialist courses (such as 300 hours, or pre-natal and senior yoga)","Become a senior instructor, specialist instructor or programme director"],"sourceIds":["careers-yoga-instructor-1","careers-yoga-instructor-2"]}],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"見習／客席導師","titleEn":"Trainee / relief instructor"},{"titleZh":"瑜伽導師","titleEn":"Yoga instructor"},{"titleZh":"資深導師","titleEn":"Senior instructor"},{"titleZh":"課程總監／培訓導師","titleEn":"Programme director / teacher trainer"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"見習／客席導師","titleEn":"Trainee / relief instructor"},{"titleZh":"瑜伽導師","titleEn":"Yoga instructor"},{"titleZh":"資深導師","titleEn":"Senior instructor"},{"titleZh":"課程總監／培訓導師","titleEn":"Programme director / teacher trainer"}],"sourceIds":["careers-yoga-instructor-1","careers-yoga-instructor-2","careers-yoga-instructor-3","careers-yoga-instructor-4"],"asOf":"2026-10-17"},{"slug":"dental-technician","titleZh":"牙科技術員","titleEn":"Dental technician","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在牙科技工所按牙醫指示製作牙冠、牙橋、假牙同矯齒器具，工作以石膏模型、蠟型、鑄造同打磨為主，一般唔直接接觸病人。","ledeEn":"Works in a dental laboratory making crowns, bridges, dentures and orthodontic appliances to the instructions of a dentist, mainly by building plaster models, waxing up, casting and polishing.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在牙科技工所按牙醫指示製作牙冠、牙橋、假牙同矯齒器具，工作以石膏模型、蠟型、鑄造同打磨為主，一般唔直接接觸病人。","bodyEn":"Works in a dental laboratory making crowns, bridges, dentures and orthodontic appliances to the instructions of a dentist, mainly by building plaster models, waxing up, casting and polishing. The role usually involves no direct patient contact."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"prosthetist-orthotist","titleZh":"義肢矯形師","titleEn":"Prosthetist-orthotist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為截肢者、骨科病人同先天肢體差異兒童評估、設計同裝配義肢、矯形鞋墊同支架，並跟進佩戴後嘅調整同皮膚狀況。","ledeEn":"Assesses, designs and fits prostheses, orthoses, insoles and braces for amputees, orthopaedic patients and children with limb differences, then follows up on fit, comfort and skin condition.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為截肢者、骨科病人同先天肢體差異兒童評估、設計同裝配義肢、矯形鞋墊同支架，並跟進佩戴後嘅調整同皮膚狀況。","bodyEn":"Assesses, designs and fits prostheses, orthoses, insoles and braces for amputees, orthopaedic patients and children with limb differences, then follows up on fit, comfort and skin condition."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"podiatrist","titleZh":"足病診療師","titleEn":"Podiatrist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"處理足部問題：厚繭、雞眼、嵌甲、足部傷口護理，同為糖尿病病人做足部風險檢查。","ledeEn":"Treats foot problems such as calluses, corns, ingrown nails and foot wounds, and screens people with diabetes for foot complications.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"處理足部問題：厚繭、雞眼、嵌甲、足部傷口護理，同為糖尿病病人做足部風險檢查。亦會為長者同運動員評估步態同足部壓力。","bodyEn":"Treats foot problems such as calluses, corns, ingrown nails and foot wounds, and screens people with diabetes for foot complications. Also assesses gait and foot pressure for older adults and athletes."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"audiologist","titleZh":"聽力學家","titleEn":"Audiologist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"做聽力測試、中耳功能檢查同助聽器驗配、調校，為嬰幼兒做聽力篩查，並向病人同家屬解釋聽力報告同溝通策略。","ledeEn":"Runs hearing tests and middle ear assessments, fits and adjusts hearing aids, screens infants for hearing loss, and explains results and communication strategies to patients and families.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"做聽力測試、中耳功能檢查同助聽器驗配、調校，為嬰幼兒做聽力篩查，並向病人同家屬解釋聽力報告同溝通策略。","bodyEn":"Runs hearing tests and middle ear assessments, fits and adjusts hearing aids, screens infants for hearing loss, and explains results and communication strategies to patients and families."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"dietitian","titleZh":"營養師","titleEn":"Dietitian","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"按病情設計飲食方案（例如糖尿病、腎病、吞嚥困難），做營養評估同飲食指導，亦會在院舍、學校或運動隊做膳食規劃。","ledeEn":"Designs diets for conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease or swallowing difficulty, carries out nutritional assessment and counselling, and plans menus for care homes, schools or sports teams.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"按病情設計飲食方案（例如糖尿病、腎病、吞嚥困難），做營養評估同飲食指導，亦會在院舍、學校或運動隊做膳食規劃。","bodyEn":"Designs diets for conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease or swallowing difficulty, carries out nutritional assessment and counselling, and plans menus for care homes, schools or sports teams."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"clinical-psychologist","titleZh":"臨床心理學家","titleEn":"Clinical psychologist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"用標準化工具評估情緒、認知同行為狀況，提供心理治療（例如認知行為治療），並撰寫報告建議復康或介入計劃。","ledeEn":"Uses standardised tools to assess mood, cognition and behaviour, provides psychological treatment such as cognitive behavioural therapy, and writes reports recommending rehabilitation or intervention plans.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"用標準化工具評估情緒、認知同行為狀況，提供心理治療（例如認知行為治療），並撰寫報告建議復康或介入計劃。服務場地包括醫院、社福機構同私人診所。","bodyEn":"Uses standardised tools to assess mood, cognition and behaviour, provides psychological treatment such as cognitive behavioural therapy, and writes reports recommending rehabilitation or intervention plans. Settings include hospitals, welfare agencies and private practice."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"educational-psychologist","titleZh":"教育心理學家","titleEn":"Educational psychologist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為學童做學習、情緒同行為評估，同老師、家長商討支援方案，並協助學校設計調適措施同危機處理。","ledeEn":"Assesses children for learning, emotional and behavioural needs, works with teachers and parents on support plans, and helps schools design adjustments and handle crises.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為學童做學習、情緒同行為評估，同老師、家長商討支援方案，並協助學校設計調適措施同危機處理。","bodyEn":"Assesses children for learning, emotional and behavioural needs, works with teachers and parents on support plans, and helps schools design adjustments and handle crises."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"speech-therapist","titleZh":"言語治療師","titleEn":"Speech therapist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"評估同治療溝通、語言、聲線同吞嚥問題，服務對象由發展遲緩幼兒到中風長者都有，需要同醫生、護士、老師同家長合作。","ledeEn":"Assesses and treats communication, language, voice and swallowing problems, working with everyone from toddlers with developmental delay to older adults after a stroke, alongside doctors, nurses, teachers and parents.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"評估同治療溝通、語言、聲線同吞嚥問題，服務對象由發展遲緩幼兒到中風長者都有，需要同醫生、護士、老師同家長合作。","bodyEn":"Assesses and treats communication, language, voice and swallowing problems, working with everyone from toddlers with developmental delay to older adults after a stroke, alongside doctors, nurses, teachers and parents."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"care-home-attendant","titleZh":"院舍照顧員","titleEn":"Care home attendant","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"負責院舍日常起居支援。","ledeEn":"Supports daily living in a residential home.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"負責院舍日常起居支援：協助沐浴、更衣、如廁、餵食同陪伴活動，亦要清潔房間同處理簡單家務。","bodyEn":"Supports daily living in a residential home: helping with bathing, dressing, toileting and feeding, and accompanying residents in activities, plus room cleaning and light housekeeping."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"home-care-worker","titleZh":"家居照顧員","titleEn":"Home care worker","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"上門為長者或復康人士提供個人照顧、家務協助、陪診同簡單復康運動，並向社工或護士報告家居風險（例如跌倒、無人照顧）。","ledeEn":"Visits older adults or people in rehabilitation at home to give personal care, household help, escort them to appointments and lead simple exercises, and reports home risks such as falls or lack of care to the social worker or nurse.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"上門為長者或復康人士提供個人照顧、家務協助、陪診同簡單復康運動，並向社工或護士報告家居風險（例如跌倒、無人照顧）。","bodyEn":"Visits older adults or people in rehabilitation at home to give personal care, household help, escort them to appointments and lead simple exercises, and reports home risks such as falls or lack of care to the social worker or nurse."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"clinic-assistant","titleZh":"診所助理","titleEn":"Clinic assistant","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在診所登記、分診、收費、預約同整理病歷，並在診症室協助準備器械、消毒同簡單檢查。","ledeEn":"Handles registration, queueing, billing, appointments and medical records in a clinic, and assists in the consultation room with preparing instruments, disinfection and simple checks.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在診所登記、分診、收費、預約同整理病歷，並在診症室協助準備器械、消毒同簡單檢查。","bodyEn":"Handles registration, queueing, billing, appointments and medical records in a clinic, and assists in the consultation room with preparing instruments, disinfection and simple checks."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"phlebotomist","titleZh":"抽血員","titleEn":"Phlebotomist","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在診所、醫院或捐血站為病人抽血、收集樣本、標籤同安排送檢，並處理暈針等即時反應。","ledeEn":"Collects blood samples from patients in clinics, hospitals or donation centres, labels and dispatches specimens, and handles immediate reactions such as fainting.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在診所、醫院或捐血站為病人抽血、收集樣本、標籤同安排送檢，並處理暈針等即時反應。","bodyEn":"Collects blood samples from patients in clinics, hospitals or donation centres, labels and dispatches specimens, and handles immediate reactions such as fainting."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"physiotherapy-assistant","titleZh":"物理治療助理","titleEn":"Physiotherapy assistant","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在物理治療師指導下帶病人做運動、操作熱敷或電療儀器、準備場地同記錄訓練進度。","ledeEn":"Under a physiotherapist, guides patients through exercises, operates heat or electrical therapy equipment, prepares the treatment area and records progress.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在物理治療師指導下帶病人做運動、操作熱敷或電療儀器、準備場地同記錄訓練進度。","bodyEn":"Under a physiotherapist, guides patients through exercises, operates heat or electrical therapy equipment, prepares the treatment area and records progress."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"occupational-therapy-assistant","titleZh":"職業治療助理","titleEn":"Occupational therapy assistant","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"協助職業治療師準備訓練用具、陪伴病人做自助訓練、製作簡單輔助器具，並記錄家居環境資料。","ledeEn":"Helps an occupational therapist prepare training equipment, supervises patients during self-practice, makes simple assistive devices and records information about a home environment.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"協助職業治療師準備訓練用具、陪伴病人做自助訓練、製作簡單輔助器具，並記錄家居環境資料。","bodyEn":"Helps an occupational therapist prepare training equipment, supervises patients during self-practice, makes simple assistive devices and records information about a home environment."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"medical-records-officer","titleZh":"病歷紀錄主任","titleEn":"Medical records officer","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"管理病人病歷同醫療編碼。","ledeEn":"Manages patient records and clinical coding.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"管理病人病歷同醫療編碼：整理入院紀錄、跟進病歷借還、做疾病同手術編碼，並支援臨床統計同申報。","bodyEn":"Manages patient records and clinical coding: filing admission records, tracking record loans, coding diagnoses and procedures, and supporting clinical statistics and claims."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"chinese-medicine-dispenser","titleZh":"中藥配劑員","titleEn":"Chinese medicine dispenser","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在中藥房按處方執藥、秤量、包裝同講解煎藥方法，亦要管理藥材存放、防潮防蟲同盤點存貨。","ledeEn":"Dispenses Chinese herbal prescriptions.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在中藥房按處方執藥、秤量、包裝同講解煎藥方法，亦要管理藥材存放、防潮防蟲同盤點存貨。","bodyEn":"Dispenses Chinese herbal prescriptions: weighing, packing and explaining how to decoct the medicine, as well as storing herbs against damp and insects and keeping stock records."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"mortuary-technician","titleZh":"殮房技術員","titleEn":"Mortuary technician","industryZh":"醫療護理","industryEn":"Healthcare","sectorId":"healthcare","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在醫院殮房接收同核對遺體身分、安排存放、協助法醫或病理人員做程序，並同家屬、警方同殯儀業協調。","ledeEn":"Receives and identifies bodies at a hospital mortuary, arranges storage, assists forensic or pathology procedures, and coordinates with families, police and funeral operators.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在醫院殮房接收同核對遺體身分、安排存放、協助法醫或病理人員做程序，並同家屬、警方同殯儀業協調。","bodyEn":"Receives and identifies bodies at a hospital mortuary, arranges storage, assists forensic or pathology procedures, and coordinates with families, police and funeral operators."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"vet-assistant","titleZh":"獸醫助理","titleEn":"Veterinary assistant","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在獸醫診所接待寵物主人、登記病歷、協助固定動物做檢查同包紮，並清潔診室、消毒器材同照顧住院動物。","ledeEn":"Reception duties, record keeping and animal restraint during examinations and dressing changes in a veterinary clinic, plus cleaning the surgery, sterilising instruments and caring for in-patients.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在獸醫診所接待寵物主人、登記病歷、協助固定動物做檢查同包紮，並清潔診室、消毒器材同照顧住院動物。","bodyEn":"Reception duties, record keeping and animal restraint during examinations and dressing changes in a veterinary clinic, plus cleaning the surgery, sterilising instruments and caring for in-patients."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"pet-groomer","titleZh":"寵物美容師","titleEn":"Pet groomer","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為貓狗洗澡、剪毛、修甲、清耳同梳毛，並在過程中留意皮膚病、寄生蟲或腫塊，提醒主人求醫。","ledeEn":"Baths, clips, nail trims, ear cleaning and brushing for cats and dogs, while watching for skin disease, parasites or lumps and advising the owner to see a vet.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為貓狗洗澡、剪毛、修甲、清耳同梳毛，並在過程中留意皮膚病、寄生蟲或腫塊，提醒主人求醫。要處理怕水、怕剪嘅動物，工作環境多數係寵物店或上門服務。","bodyEn":"Baths, clips, nail trims, ear cleaning and brushing for cats and dogs, while watching for skin disease, parasites or lumps and advising the owner to see a vet. Groomers handle animals that fear water or clippers, usually in a pet shop or on home visits."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"dog-walker","titleZh":"遛狗員","titleEn":"Dog walker","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"按時間表上門帶狗散步、清潔排泄物、記錄行蹤同狀況，並向主人報告動物當日精神同食慾。","ledeEn":"Walks dogs on a set schedule, cleans up after them, keeps notes on the route and reports back on mood and appetite that day.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"按時間表上門帶狗散步、清潔排泄物、記錄行蹤同狀況，並向主人報告動物當日精神同食慾。","bodyEn":"Walks dogs on a set schedule, cleans up after them, keeps notes on the route and reports back on mood and appetite that day."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"pet-sitter","titleZh":"寵物保姆","titleEn":"Pet sitter","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"主人外遊或返工期間上門餵食、換水、清潔砂盆或籠舍、陪玩同給藥，並定時傳相片或影片報告。","ledeEn":"Feeds, refreshes water, cleans litter trays or cages, plays with and medicates pets while owners travel or work, sending photo or video updates on schedule.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"主人外遊或返工期間上門餵食、換水、清潔砂盆或籠舍、陪玩同給藥，並定時傳相片或影片報告。","bodyEn":"Feeds, refreshes water, cleans litter trays or cages, plays with and medicates pets while owners travel or work, sending photo or video updates on schedule."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"pet-nutritionist","titleZh":"寵物營養師","titleEn":"Pet nutritionist","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為有疾病或特殊需要嘅貓狗設計飲食方案（例如腎病、食物敏感、過重），計算熱量同營養比例，並同獸醫配合覆檢。","ledeEn":"Designs diets for cats and dogs with conditions such as kidney disease, food allergy or obesity, working out energy and nutrient ratios and reviewing progress together with the vet.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為有疾病或特殊需要嘅貓狗設計飲食方案（例如腎病、食物敏感、過重），計算熱量同營養比例，並同獸醫配合覆檢。","bodyEn":"Designs diets for cats and dogs with conditions such as kidney disease, food allergy or obesity, working out energy and nutrient ratios and reviewing progress together with the vet."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"pet-physiotherapist","titleZh":"寵物物理治療師","titleEn":"Animal physiotherapist","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為手術後或關節退化嘅動物做復康。","ledeEn":"Rehabilitates animals after surgery or with joint disease through hydrotherapy, massage, passive joint movement and home exercise plans, recording changes in mobility.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為手術後或關節退化嘅動物做復康：水療、按摩、被動關節運動同家居運動指導，並記錄活動能力變化。","bodyEn":"Rehabilitates animals after surgery or with joint disease through hydrotherapy, massage, passive joint movement and home exercise plans, recording changes in mobility."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"pet-funeral-attendant","titleZh":"寵物善終服務員","titleEn":"Pet funeral attendant","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"接送離世寵物、安排冷藏、清潔整理遺體、主持簡單告別儀式，並按主人意願安排火化或土葬同交回骨灰。","ledeEn":"Collects deceased pets, arranges cold storage, cleans and prepares the body, conducts a simple farewell, then handles cremation or burial and returns the ashes as the owner wishes.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"接送離世寵物、安排冷藏、清潔整理遺體、主持簡單告別儀式，並按主人意願安排火化或土葬同交回骨灰。","bodyEn":"Collects deceased pets, arranges cold storage, cleans and prepares the body, conducts a simple farewell, then handles cremation or burial and returns the ashes as the owner wishes."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"pet-photographer","titleZh":"寵物攝影師","titleEn":"Pet photographer","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"拍攝寵物寫真、家庭合照同寵物與主人互動，負責佈景、燈光、引導動物表情同後期修圖。","ledeEn":"Shoots pet portraits, family photos and owner-and-pet interaction, handling sets, lighting, coaxing expressions and post-production retouching.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"拍攝寵物寫真、家庭合照同寵物與主人互動，負責佈景、燈光、引導動物表情同後期修圖。","bodyEn":"Shoots pet portraits, family photos and owner-and-pet interaction, handling sets, lighting, coaxing expressions and post-production retouching."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"pet-ambulance-driver","titleZh":"寵物救護車司機","titleEn":"Pet ambulance driver","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"接載急病或受傷動物往返診所同醫院，途中做基本固定、保暖同生命徵象觀察，並同診所保持聯絡準備接收。","ledeEn":"Transports sick or injured animals to and from clinics and hospitals, providing basic restraint, warmth and monitoring en route and liaising with the clinic to prepare for arrival.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"接載急病或受傷動物往返診所同醫院，途中做基本固定、保暖同生命徵象觀察，並同診所保持聯絡準備接收。","bodyEn":"Transports sick or injured animals to and from clinics and hospitals, providing basic restraint, warmth and monitoring en route and liaising with the clinic to prepare for arrival."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"aquarium-keeper","titleZh":"水族館飼養員","titleEn":"Aquarium keeper","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"照顧水族館展缸。","ledeEn":"Looks after aquarium tanks.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"照顧水族館展缸：調校水質（鹽度、酸鹼值、溫度）、餵食、檢疫新魚、清潔缸體同觀察魚隻健康，部分要潛水清潔大缸。","bodyEn":"Looks after aquarium tanks: adjusting water quality such as salinity, pH and temperature, feeding, quarantining new arrivals, cleaning tanks and watching fish health, with diving work for large displays."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"zookeeper","titleZh":"動物園飼養員","titleEn":"Zookeeper","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"負責展區動物嘅日常照顧。","ledeEn":"Handles daily care of exhibit animals.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"負責展區動物嘅日常照顧：準備食物、設計環境豐富化、清潔籠舍、記錄行為同配合獸醫做檢查，亦要向參觀者講解。","bodyEn":"Handles daily care of exhibit animals: preparing diets, designing enrichment, cleaning enclosures, keeping behaviour records, supporting veterinary checks and talking to visitors."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"guide-dog-trainer","titleZh":"導盲犬訓練員","titleEn":"Guide dog trainer","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"訓練導盲犬同服務犬由基礎服從到實際帶路，亦要評估使用者需要、做配對訓練同定期家訪跟進。","ledeEn":"Trains guide and assistance dogs from basic obedience to real street work, assesses the needs of the handler, matches dog to handler and follows up with home visits.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"訓練導盲犬同服務犬由基礎服從到實際帶路，亦要評估使用者需要、做配對訓練同定期家訪跟進。","bodyEn":"Trains guide and assistance dogs from basic obedience to real street work, assesses the needs of the handler, matches dog to handler and follows up with home visits."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"farrier","titleZh":"釘蹄師","titleEn":"Farrier","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為馬匹修蹄、裝拆蹄鐵、處理蹄部傷患同評估步態，工作要固定馬匹下肢並配合獸醫同練馬師。","ledeEn":"Trims hooves, fits and removes shoes, treats hoof injuries and assesses gait, holding the limb safely and working alongside vets and trainers.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為馬匹修蹄、裝拆蹄鐵、處理蹄部傷患同評估步態，工作要固定馬匹下肢並配合獸醫同練馬師。","bodyEn":"Trims hooves, fits and removes shoes, treats hoof injuries and assesses gait, holding the limb safely and working alongside vets and trainers."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"stable-hand","titleZh":"馬房助理","titleEn":"Stable hand","industryZh":"寵物及獸醫服務","industryEn":"Pet & veterinary services","sectorId":"pet","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"負責馬房日常。","ledeEn":"Covers the daily routine of a racing or riding stable.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"負責馬房日常：餵飼、鋪墊料、清潔馬格、洗刷馬匹、帶馬出操同整理裝備。","bodyEn":"Covers the daily routine of a racing or riding stable: feeding, bedding down, mucking out, grooming, leading horses to exercise and maintaining tack."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"in-house-counsel","titleZh":"企業內部法律顧問","titleEn":"In-house counsel","industryZh":"法律","industryEn":"Law","sectorId":"law","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在企業或機構內部處理合約審閱、法規遵循、商業談判同訴訟外爭議，亦要統籌外聘律師同向管理層提供法律風險意見。","ledeEn":"Handles contract review, regulatory compliance, commercial negotiation and pre-litigation disputes inside a company, and coordinates external lawyers while advising management on legal risk.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在企業或機構內部處理合約審閱、法規遵循、商業談判同訴訟外爭議，亦要統籌外聘律師同向管理層提供法律風險意見。","bodyEn":"Handles contract review, regulatory compliance, commercial negotiation and pre-litigation disputes inside a company, and coordinates external lawyers while advising management on legal risk."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"legal-executive","titleZh":"法律行政人員","titleEn":"Legal executive","industryZh":"法律","industryEn":"Law","sectorId":"law","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在律師行支援律師處理案件。","ledeEn":"Supports solicitors in a law firm.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在律師行支援律師處理案件：整理文件同證據、做法律研究、草擬簡單文件、聯絡客戶同法庭、安排存檔同期限。","bodyEn":"Supports solicitors in a law firm: organising documents and evidence, doing legal research, drafting simple documents, liaising with clients and the court, and managing filing and deadlines."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"patent-agent","titleZh":"專利代理人","titleEn":"Patent agent","industryZh":"法律","industryEn":"Law","sectorId":"law","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為發明人檢索專利資料、撰寫同提交專利申請、回覆審查意見，並處理商標同外觀設計註冊。","ledeEn":"Searches patent records for inventors, drafts and files patent applications, answers examination reports, and handles trade mark and design registrations.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為發明人檢索專利資料、撰寫同提交專利申請、回覆審查意見，並處理商標同外觀設計註冊。","bodyEn":"Searches patent records for inventors, drafts and files patent applications, answers examination reports, and handles trade mark and design registrations."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"conveyancing-clerk","titleZh":"物業轉易文員","titleEn":"Conveyancing clerk","industryZh":"法律","industryEn":"Law","sectorId":"law","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"處理樓宇買賣同按揭文件流程。","ledeEn":"Handles the paperwork of property sales and mortgages.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"處理樓宇買賣同按揭文件流程：查冊、草擬契約、安排簽署同交樓、同銀行同律師行對接。","bodyEn":"Handles the paperwork of property sales and mortgages: land searches, drafting deeds, arranging signing and completion, and liaising with banks and law firms."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"tax-adviser","titleZh":"稅務顧問","titleEn":"Tax adviser","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為個人同企業計稅、填報報稅表、處理稅務局查詢同反對評稅，並就跨境交易同集團架構提供稅務安排建議。","ledeEn":"Computes tax for individuals and companies, files returns, handles Inland Revenue queries and objections, and advises on tax structuring for cross-border deals and group structures.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為個人同企業計稅、填報報稅表、處理稅務局查詢同反對評稅，並就跨境交易同集團架構提供稅務安排建議。","bodyEn":"Computes tax for individuals and companies, files returns, handles Inland Revenue queries and objections, and advises on tax structuring for cross-border deals and group structures."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"underwriter","titleZh":"核保師","titleEn":"Underwriter","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"評估投保申請嘅風險（職業、健康、過往索償同保額），決定是否接受、加費或加設條件，並同代理同客戶解釋核保決定。","ledeEn":"Assesses the risk in insurance applications such as occupation, health, claims history and sum insured, decides whether to accept, load or add conditions, and explains the decision to agents and clients.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"評估投保申請嘅風險（職業、健康、過往索償同保額），決定是否接受、加費或加設條件，並同代理同客戶解釋核保決定。","bodyEn":"Assesses the risk in insurance applications such as occupation, health, claims history and sum insured, decides whether to accept, load or add conditions, and explains the decision to agents and clients."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"claims-adjuster","titleZh":"保險公證及理算師","titleEn":"Claims adjuster","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"到現場查勘損失（水浸、火災、交通意外、工程事故），評估損毀範圍同金額、核對保單條款同撰寫理算報告。","ledeEn":"Inspects losses on site such as flooding, fire, traffic accidents or construction incidents, assesses the extent and value of damage, checks policy terms and writes adjustment reports.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"到現場查勘損失（水浸、火災、交通意外、工程事故），評估損毀範圍同金額、核對保單條款同撰寫理算報告。","bodyEn":"Inspects losses on site such as flooding, fire, traffic accidents or construction incidents, assesses the extent and value of damage, checks policy terms and writes adjustment reports."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"compliance-officer","titleZh":"合規主任","titleEn":"Compliance officer","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"確保公司運作符合法例同監管指引。","ledeEn":"Keeps the firm within the law and regulatory guidance.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"確保公司運作符合法例同監管指引：更新政策、做合規檢查同培訓、處理可疑交易報告同應對監管機構查詢。","bodyEn":"Keeps the firm within the law and regulatory guidance: updating policies, running compliance checks and training, handling suspicious transaction reports and answering regulator enquiries."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"risk-manager","titleZh":"風險管理師","titleEn":"Risk manager","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"識別同量化市場、信貸同操作風險，設定限額、監察指標同壓力測試，並向管理層同董事會提交風險報告。","ledeEn":"Identifies and quantifies market, credit and operational risk, sets limits, monitors indicators and runs stress tests, and reports to management and the board.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"識別同量化市場、信貸同操作風險，設定限額、監察指標同壓力測試，並向管理層同董事會提交風險報告。","bodyEn":"Identifies and quantifies market, credit and operational risk, sets limits, monitors indicators and runs stress tests, and reports to management and the board."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"forensic-accountant","titleZh":"法證會計師","titleEn":"Forensic accountant","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"調查帳目舞弊、資金流向同財務爭議，整理證據文件同報告，並在法庭或仲裁中作專家證供。","ledeEn":"Investigates accounting fraud, money flows and financial disputes, assembles evidence and reports, and gives expert evidence in court or arbitration.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"調查帳目舞弊、資金流向同財務爭議，整理證據文件同報告，並在法庭或仲裁中作專家證供。","bodyEn":"Investigates accounting fraud, money flows and financial disputes, assembles evidence and reports, and gives expert evidence in court or arbitration."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"esg-analyst","titleZh":"ESG 分析師","titleEn":"ESG analyst","industryZh":"金融、保險及地產","industryEn":"Finance, insurance & real estate","sectorId":"finance","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"評估企業嘅環境、社會同管治表現同披露質素，撰寫評級同報告，並協助企業改善氣候風險披露同數據收集。","ledeEn":"Assesses companies on environmental, social and governance performance and disclosure quality, writes ratings and reports, and helps firms improve climate risk disclosure and data collection.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"評估企業嘅環境、社會同管治表現同披露質素，撰寫評級同報告，並協助企業改善氣候風險披露同數據收集。","bodyEn":"Assesses companies on environmental, social and governance performance and disclosure quality, writes ratings and reports, and helps firms improve climate risk disclosure and data collection."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"biomedical-engineer","titleZh":"生物醫學工程師","titleEn":"Biomedical engineer","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為醫院同實驗室引入同維護醫療儀器。","ledeEn":"Introduces and maintains medical equipment for hospitals and laboratories.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為醫院同實驗室引入同維護醫療儀器：做驗收測試、校正、風險評估同故障維修，並同醫護人員研究新設備應用。","bodyEn":"Introduces and maintains medical equipment for hospitals and laboratories: acceptance testing, calibration, risk assessment and repair, and works with clinicians on new device applications."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"bim-coordinator","titleZh":"建築資訊模型（BIM）統籌員","titleEn":"BIM coordinator","industryZh":"工程及技術","industryEn":"Engineering & technical","sectorId":"engineering","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"用三維模型整合建築、結構同機電圖則，檢查碰撞、出施工圖同工程量，並維持模型版本同標準。","ledeEn":"Integrates architectural, structural and services models in 3D, checks clashes, produces construction drawings and quantities, and maintains model versions and standards.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"用三維模型整合建築、結構同機電圖則，檢查碰撞、出施工圖同工程量，並維持模型版本同標準。","bodyEn":"Integrates architectural, structural and services models in 3D, checks clashes, produces construction drawings and quantities, and maintains model versions and standards."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"tiler","titleZh":"泥水瓦仔工","titleEn":"Tiler","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"鋪砌牆地磚、雲石同馬賽克。","ledeEn":"Lays wall and floor tiles, marble and mosaic.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"鋪砌牆地磚、雲石同馬賽克：拉線排磚、切割、貼磚、填縫同做防水層，並處理地台斜水。","bodyEn":"Lays wall and floor tiles, marble and mosaic: setting out lines, cutting, fixing, grouting and waterproofing, including falls to floor drains."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"waterproofing-worker","titleZh":"防水工程工人","titleEn":"Waterproofing worker","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在外牆、天台、浴室同地庫做防水層。","ledeEn":"Applies waterproofing on facades, roofs, bathrooms and basements.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在外牆、天台、浴室同地庫做防水層：清理底層、塗膜或鋪設防水卷材、做試水同修補滲漏。","bodyEn":"Applies waterproofing on facades, roofs, bathrooms and basements: surface preparation, membrane or coating application, water tests and leak repair."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"tunnel-worker","titleZh":"隧道工程工人","titleEn":"Tunnel worker","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在鑽挖或鑽爆隧道內做支護、噴漿、鋪設環片同排水，工作環境密閉、粉塵同噪音較高，須嚴格遵守安全程序。","ledeEn":"Installs support, shotcrete, segment lining and drainage inside drill-and-blast or boring tunnels, working in confined, dusty and noisy conditions under strict safety procedures.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在鑽挖或鑽爆隧道內做支護、噴漿、鋪設環片同排水，工作環境密閉、粉塵同噪音較高，須嚴格遵守安全程序。","bodyEn":"Installs support, shotcrete, segment lining and drainage inside drill-and-blast or boring tunnels, working in confined, dusty and noisy conditions under strict safety procedures."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"site-supervisor","titleZh":"地盤管工","titleEn":"Site supervisor","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"安排每日工序同人手、檢查施工質素同安全措施、記錄進度同物料使用，並協調分包商同處理現場問題。","ledeEn":"Allocates daily work and labour, checks workmanship and safety measures, records progress and material use, coordinates subcontractors and solves problems on site.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"安排每日工序同人手、檢查施工質素同安全措施、記錄進度同物料使用，並協調分包商同處理現場問題。","bodyEn":"Allocates daily work and labour, checks workmanship and safety measures, records progress and material use, coordinates subcontractors and solves problems on site."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"clerk-of-works","titleZh":"工程監督","titleEn":"Clerk of works","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"代表僱主在工地監督承建商。","ledeEn":"Supervises contractors on site for the employer.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"代表僱主在工地監督承建商：驗收工序同材料、審核施工記錄、跟進缺陷同協助竣工驗收。","bodyEn":"Supervises contractors on site for the employer: inspecting workmanship and materials, checking site records, following up defects and assisting with completion inspections."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"steel-erector","titleZh":"鋼結構安裝工","titleEn":"Steel erector","industryZh":"建造及維修","industryEn":"Construction & maintenance","sectorId":"construction","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"吊裝同定位鋼柱、鋼樑同桁架，做臨時支撐、鎖螺栓、焊接或高強度螺栓固定，並在離地高處工作。","ledeEn":"Erects and aligns steel columns, beams and trusses, installing temporary supports, bolting, welding or tensioning high-strength bolts, often at height.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"吊裝同定位鋼柱、鋼樑同桁架，做臨時支撐、鎖螺栓、焊接或高強度螺栓固定，並在離地高處工作。","bodyEn":"Erects and aligns steel columns, beams and trusses, installing temporary supports, bolting, welding or tensioning high-strength bolts, often at height."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"ride-hailing-driver","titleZh":"網約車司機","titleEn":"Ride-hailing driver","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"按手機平台接單接載乘客，自行安排車輛保養、保險同工作時間；政府已公布網約車規管方向，實際發牌同車輛要求以運輸及物流局同運輸署公布為準。","ledeEn":"Takes bookings through a mobile platform and carries passengers, arranging vehicle upkeep, insurance and working hours.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"按手機平台接單接載乘客，自行安排車輛保養、保險同工作時間；政府已公布網約車規管方向，實際發牌同車輛要求以運輸及物流局同運輸署公布為準。","bodyEn":"Takes bookings through a mobile platform and carries passengers, arranging vehicle upkeep, insurance and working hours. The government has set out a regulatory direction for ride-hailing, so licensing and vehicle requirements follow what the Transport and Logistics Bureau and Transport Department publish."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"delivery-rider","titleZh":"外賣送餐員","titleEn":"Food delivery rider","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"按平台指示到餐廳取餐再送交客戶，自行安排路線同車輛（單車、電單車或步行），收入多數同單量掛鈎。","ledeEn":"Picks up orders from restaurants on a platform instruction and delivers to customers, choosing the route and the vehicle (bicycle, motorcycle or on foot), with earnings mostly tied to the number of deliveries.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"按平台指示到餐廳取餐再送交客戶，自行安排路線同車輛（單車、電單車或步行），收入多數同單量掛鈎。","bodyEn":"Picks up orders from restaurants on a platform instruction and delivers to customers, choosing the route and the vehicle (bicycle, motorcycle or on foot), with earnings mostly tied to the number of deliveries."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"tram-driver","titleZh":"電車車長","titleEn":"Tram driver","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"駕駛雙層電車沿港島路線行走，控制車速同停站、監察路軌同架空電纜狀況、處理乘客上落同突發事故。","ledeEn":"Drives double-decker trams along the Hong Kong Island routes, controlling speed and stops, watching the track and overhead wires, and handling passenger boarding and incidents.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"駕駛雙層電車沿港島路線行走，控制車速同停站、監察路軌同架空電纜狀況、處理乘客上落同突發事故。","bodyEn":"Drives double-decker trams along the Hong Kong Island routes, controlling speed and stops, watching the track and overhead wires, and handling passenger boarding and incidents."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"light-rail-driver","titleZh":"輕鐵車長","titleEn":"Light rail driver","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"駕駛輕鐵列車按時間表行走，監察路面同平交道口、廣播報站、處理車廂突發事件同配合控制中心指示。","ledeEn":"Drives light rail vehicles to the timetable, watching the roadway and level crossings, making announcements, handling incidents on board and following control centre instructions.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"駕駛輕鐵列車按時間表行走，監察路面同平交道口、廣播報站、處理車廂突發事件同配合控制中心指示。","bodyEn":"Drives light rail vehicles to the timetable, watching the roadway and level crossings, making announcements, handling incidents on board and following control centre instructions."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"warehouse-worker","titleZh":"倉務員","titleEn":"Warehouse worker","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"收貨、上架、揀貨、包裝同出貨，操作條碼掃描同倉存系統，並維持貨品分類同安全堆放。","ledeEn":"Receives, stores, picks, packs and dispatches goods, using barcode scanning and warehouse systems, and keeping stock sorted and safely stacked.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"收貨、上架、揀貨、包裝同出貨，操作條碼掃描同倉存系統，並維持貨品分類同安全堆放。","bodyEn":"Receives, stores, picks, packs and dispatches goods, using barcode scanning and warehouse systems, and keeping stock sorted and safely stacked."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"logistics-planner","titleZh":"物流規劃員","titleEn":"Logistics planner","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"規劃運輸路線同配送時段、安排車輛同人手、監察成本同準時率，並處理延誤同突發改單。","ledeEn":"Plans transport routes and delivery windows, schedules vehicles and labour, monitors cost and on-time performance, and handles delays and last-minute changes.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"規劃運輸路線同配送時段、安排車輛同人手、監察成本同準時率，並處理延誤同突發改單。","bodyEn":"Plans transport routes and delivery windows, schedules vehicles and labour, monitors cost and on-time performance, and handles delays and last-minute changes."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"supply-chain-manager","titleZh":"供應鏈經理","titleEn":"Supply chain manager","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"統籌由採購、生產到配送嘅整條流程。","ledeEn":"Coordinates the whole flow from sourcing and production to delivery.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"統籌由採購、生產到配送嘅整條流程：做需求預測、控制庫存、管理供應商同處理供應中斷風險。","bodyEn":"Coordinates the whole flow from sourcing and production to delivery: demand forecasting, inventory control, supplier management and handling supply disruption risk."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"procurement-officer","titleZh":"採購主任","titleEn":"Procurement officer","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為機構採購物料同服務。","ledeEn":"Buys goods and services for an organisation.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為機構採購物料同服務：寫規格、招標或詢價、比較報價、談判條款同跟進交貨同品質問題。","bodyEn":"Buys goods and services for an organisation: writing specifications, tendering or requesting quotations, comparing offers, negotiating terms and following up delivery and quality issues."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"freight-forwarder","titleZh":"貨運代理","titleEn":"Freight forwarder","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為客戶安排海運、空運同陸運。","ledeEn":"Arranges sea, air and land shipments for clients.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為客戶安排海運、空運同陸運：訂艙、安排報關同保險、追蹤貨物、處理延誤同文件問題。","bodyEn":"Arranges sea, air and land shipments for clients: booking space, handling customs clearance and insurance, tracking cargo and dealing with delays and document problems."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"customs-broker","titleZh":"報關代理","titleEn":"Customs broker","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為貨主準備同提交進出口報關文件、計算應繳費用、處理查驗同協調海關要求，熟悉貨物分類同原產地規則。","ledeEn":"Prepares and lodges import and export declarations for cargo owners, works out charges, handles inspections and coordinates customs requirements, with knowledge of classification and origin rules.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為貨主準備同提交進出口報關文件、計算應繳費用、處理查驗同協調海關要求，熟悉貨物分類同原產地規則。","bodyEn":"Prepares and lodges import and export declarations for cargo owners, works out charges, handles inspections and coordinates customs requirements, with knowledge of classification and origin rules."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"shipping-clerk","titleZh":"船務文員","titleEn":"Shipping clerk","industryZh":"交通運輸及物流","industryEn":"Transport & logistics","sectorId":"transport","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"處理船務文件。","ledeEn":"Handles shipping documents such as bills of lading, packing lists and certificates of origin, arranges delivery, tracks vessel schedules and liaises with carriers, forwarders and clients.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"處理船務文件：提單、裝箱單、產地證同交貨安排，追蹤船期同聯絡船公司、貨代同客戶。","bodyEn":"Handles shipping documents such as bills of lading, packing lists and certificates of origin, arranges delivery, tracks vessel schedules and liaises with carriers, forwarders and clients."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"aircraft-load-controller","titleZh":"裝載控制員","titleEn":"Aircraft load controller","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"計算飛機載重同平衡、編排貨物、行李同郵件位置、準備裝載文件，確保符合機型限制。","ledeEn":"Works out aircraft weight and balance, plans where cargo, baggage and mail go, and prepares load documents so that aircraft type limits are respected.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"計算飛機載重同平衡、編排貨物、行李同郵件位置、準備裝載文件，確保符合機型限制。","bodyEn":"Works out aircraft weight and balance, plans where cargo, baggage and mail go, and prepares load documents so that aircraft type limits are respected."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"airport-ramp-services","titleZh":"停機坪服務員","titleEn":"Airport ramp services agent","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在停機坪做行李裝卸、加注清水、拖曳飛機、操作登機橋同地面設備，須遵守停機坪安全同飛機保護規則。","ledeEn":"Handles baggage loading, water servicing, aircraft towing and boarding bridge or ground equipment on the apron, following apron safety and aircraft protection rules.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在停機坪做行李裝卸、加注清水、拖曳飛機、操作登機橋同地面設備，須遵守停機坪安全同飛機保護規則。","bodyEn":"Handles baggage loading, water servicing, aircraft towing and boarding bridge or ground equipment on the apron, following apron safety and aircraft protection rules."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"air-cargo-officer","titleZh":"空運貨站操作員","titleEn":"Air cargo terminal operator","industryZh":"航空及航海","industryEn":"Aviation & maritime","sectorId":"aviation","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在空運貨站收貨、秤重、打板裝箱、控制溫控貨物同安排出貨，並處理貨單同報關資料。","ledeEn":"Receives, weighs, palletises and despatches cargo at an air cargo terminal, handles temperature-controlled shipments and processes air waybills and customs data.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在空運貨站收貨、秤重、打板裝箱、控制溫控貨物同安排出貨，並處理貨單同報關資料。","bodyEn":"Receives, weighs, palletises and despatches cargo at an air cargo terminal, handles temperature-controlled shipments and processes air waybills and customs data."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"hydroponic-technician","titleZh":"水耕技術員","titleEn":"Hydroponic technician","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"用營養液同無土介質種菜。","ledeEn":"Grows crops in nutrient solution or inert media.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"用營養液同無土介質種菜：調配養分、控制酸鹼值同水溫、監察光照同病蟲，並定期清洗系統。","bodyEn":"Grows crops in nutrient solution or inert media: mixing nutrients, controlling pH and water temperature, monitoring light and pests, and cleaning the system regularly."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"vertical-farm-technician","titleZh":"垂直農場技術員","titleEn":"Vertical farm technician","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在室內多層種植架操作自動化系統。","ledeEn":"Runs automated racks in indoor multi-layer farms.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在室內多層種植架操作自動化系統：控制 LED 光照、溫濕度同灌溉，記錄生長數據同處理設備故障。","bodyEn":"Runs automated racks in indoor multi-layer farms: controlling LED lighting, temperature, humidity and irrigation, logging growth data and troubleshooting equipment."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"beekeeper","titleZh":"養蜂人","titleEn":"Beekeeper","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"管理蜂箱：檢查蜂群健康、防治蜂蟎、分蜂同採蜜，並處理蜜源季節同天氣變化。","ledeEn":"Manages hives: checking colony health, controlling mites, splitting colonies and harvesting honey, while working with the nectar season and weather.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"管理蜂箱：檢查蜂群健康、防治蜂蟎、分蜂同採蜜，並處理蜜源季節同天氣變化。香港有本土養蜂場同荔枝龍眼蜜。","bodyEn":"Manages hives: checking colony health, controlling mites, splitting colonies and harvesting honey, while working with the nectar season and weather. Hong Kong has local apiaries producing lychee and longan honey."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"mushroom-grower","titleZh":"菇菌種植員","titleEn":"Mushroom grower","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在菇房製作培養基、接種菌絲、控制溫濕度同通風、採收同分級包裝，並要嚴格防止雜菌污染。","ledeEn":"Prepares substrate, inoculates spawn, controls temperature, humidity and airflow, and harvests and grades mushrooms, keeping contamination strictly out.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在菇房製作培養基、接種菌絲、控制溫濕度同通風、採收同分級包裝，並要嚴格防止雜菌污染。","bodyEn":"Prepares substrate, inoculates spawn, controls temperature, humidity and airflow, and harvests and grades mushrooms, keeping contamination strictly out."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"horticulturist","titleZh":"園藝師","titleEn":"Horticulturist","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"規劃同管理園景植物。","ledeEn":"Plans and manages planting in gardens and estates.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"規劃同管理園景植物：選種、土壤改良、灌溉同施肥計劃、修剪同病蟲害防治，並管理園藝團隊同預算。","bodyEn":"Plans and manages planting in gardens and estates: species selection, soil improvement, irrigation and feeding programmes, pruning and pest control, and running the gardening team and budget."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"turf-manager","titleZh":"草坪管理員","titleEn":"Turf manager","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"管理球場或公園草坪。","ledeEn":"Maintains sports turf or park lawns.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"管理球場或公園草坪：修剪、施肥、灌溉、打孔通氣同防治病害，並按賽事或活動需要調整場地狀態。","bodyEn":"Maintains sports turf or park lawns: mowing, feeding, irrigation, aeration and disease control, and preparing the surface to the standard a match or event requires."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"edible-insect-farmer","titleZh":"食用昆蟲養殖員","titleEn":"Edible insect farmer","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"養殖蟋蟀、粉蟲等可食用昆蟲。","ledeEn":"Farms edible insects such as crickets and mealworms.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"養殖蟋蟀、粉蟲等可食用昆蟲：控制溫濕度同飼料、管理繁殖周期、收成加工同處理食物安全同入口規定。","bodyEn":"Farms edible insects such as crickets and mealworms: controlling temperature, humidity and feed, managing breeding cycles, processing the harvest and handling food safety and import rules."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"horticultural-therapist","titleZh":"園藝治療師","titleEn":"Horticultural therapist","industryZh":"農業、漁業及園藝","industryEn":"Agriculture, fisheries & horticulture","sectorId":"agriculture","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"用種植同園藝活動做介入。","ledeEn":"Uses planting and gardening activities as an intervention.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"用種植同園藝活動做介入：為長者、復康人士或特殊需要兒童設計小組活動、觀察反應同記錄目標進度。","bodyEn":"Uses planting and gardening activities as an intervention: designing group sessions for older adults, people in rehabilitation or children with special needs, observing responses and recording progress towards goals."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"dim-sum-chef","titleZh":"點心師傅","titleEn":"Dim sum chef","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"製作蝦餃、燒賣、包點同腸粉。","ledeEn":"Makes har gow, siu mai, buns and rice rolls.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"製作蝦餃、燒賣、包點同腸粉：搓皮、包餡、蒸炸煎，掌握火候同出品速度，早市時段工作節奏最緊。","bodyEn":"Makes har gow, siu mai, buns and rice rolls: rolling wrappers, filling, steaming, frying and pan-frying, controlling heat and output speed during the morning rush."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"siu-mei-chef","titleZh":"燒味師傅","titleEn":"Siu mei chef","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"處理燒味出品。","ledeEn":"Prepares roast meats.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"處理燒味出品：醃味、上皮水、入爐燒烤或滷浸、斬件擺盤，並控制出品重量同出品率。","bodyEn":"Prepares roast meats: marinating, glazing, roasting or braising, then chopping and plating, while controlling portion weight and yield."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"sushi-chef","titleZh":"壽司師傅","titleEn":"Sushi chef","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"處理刺身同壽司出品。","ledeEn":"Prepares sashimi and sushi.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"處理刺身同壽司出品：選料、切魚、握飯、捲壽司同控制保存溫度，板前位置要同客人直接交流。","bodyEn":"Prepares sashimi and sushi: selecting fish, cutting, shaping rice and rolling, keeping the cold chain, and talking with guests seated at the counter."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"pastry-chef","titleZh":"糕餅師傅","titleEn":"Pastry chef","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"製作蛋糕、撻、慕絲同節慶糕點。","ledeEn":"Makes cakes, tarts, mousses and festive pastries.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"製作蛋糕、撻、慕絲同節慶糕點：配方換算、打發、烘焙、夾層同裝飾，並控制成本同出品穩定度。","bodyEn":"Makes cakes, tarts, mousses and festive pastries: scaling recipes, whipping, baking, layering and decorating, while controlling cost and consistency."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"baker","titleZh":"麵包師傅","titleEn":"Baker","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"由搓麵團、發酵、分割、整形到入爐，控制溫度同發酵時間，夜晚或凌晨開工以配合早上出爐。","ledeEn":"Takes dough through mixing, fermentation, dividing, shaping and baking, controlling temperature and proving times, often starting work at night or before dawn for a morning bake.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"由搓麵團、發酵、分割、整形到入爐，控制溫度同發酵時間，夜晚或凌晨開工以配合早上出爐。","bodyEn":"Takes dough through mixing, fermentation, dividing, shaping and baking, controlling temperature and proving times, often starting work at night or before dawn for a morning bake."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"chocolatier","titleZh":"朱古力師傅","titleEn":"Chocolatier","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"調溫朱古力、製作夾心同模具製品、控制結晶同保存溫度，並設計季節禮盒同口味配搭。","ledeEn":"Tempers chocolate, makes bonbons and moulded pieces, controls crystallisation and storage temperature, and designs seasonal gift boxes and flavour pairings.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"調溫朱古力、製作夾心同模具製品、控制結晶同保存溫度，並設計季節禮盒同口味配搭。","bodyEn":"Tempers chocolate, makes bonbons and moulded pieces, controls crystallisation and storage temperature, and designs seasonal gift boxes and flavour pairings."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"milk-tea-master","titleZh":"港式奶茶師傅","titleEn":"Hong Kong milk tea master","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"以拼配茶葉、絲襪袋沖泡同撞奶做出港式奶茶，掌握茶味濃淡、奶同糖比例，亦要配合水吧其他飲品出品。","ledeEn":"Blends tea leaves and brews through a cloth strainer to make Hong Kong style milk tea, controlling strength and the milk and sugar ratio, alongside other drinks from the drinks counter.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"以拼配茶葉、絲襪袋沖泡同撞奶做出港式奶茶，掌握茶味濃淡、奶同糖比例，亦要配合水吧其他飲品出品。","bodyEn":"Blends tea leaves and brews through a cloth strainer to make Hong Kong style milk tea, controlling strength and the milk and sugar ratio, alongside other drinks from the drinks counter."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"noodle-maker","titleZh":"麵食師傅","titleEn":"Noodle maker","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"做麵同煮麵：搓麵、走鹼、擀壓或竹昇壓麵、切條，控制麵條彈性同保存，亦要掌握雲吞麵等湯底配合。","ledeEn":"Makes and cooks noodles.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"做麵同煮麵：搓麵、走鹼、擀壓或竹昇壓麵、切條，控制麵條彈性同保存，亦要掌握雲吞麵等湯底配合。","bodyEn":"Makes and cooks noodles: mixing dough, working in alkaline water, rolling by machine or bamboo pole and cutting, controlling texture and storage, and matching broths such as wonton noodle soup."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"tofu-maker","titleZh":"豆腐師傅","titleEn":"Tofu maker","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"浸豆、磨漿、煮漿、點鹵同壓模，做出豆腐、豆花同腐竹，控制凝固時間同出品軟硬。","ledeEn":"Soaks beans, grinds and boils the slurry, coagulates and presses to make tofu, tofu pudding and beancurd skin, controlling setting time and firmness.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"浸豆、磨漿、煮漿、點鹵同壓模，做出豆腐、豆花同腐竹，控制凝固時間同出品軟硬。","bodyEn":"Soaks beans, grinds and boils the slurry, coagulates and presses to make tofu, tofu pudding and beancurd skin, controlling setting time and firmness."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"butcher","titleZh":"肉類分割員","titleEn":"Butcher","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"按部位分割豬、牛、羊同家禽，去骨、修整同絞肉，控制出品規格同衛生要求，並向客人介紹煮法。","ledeEn":"Breaks down pork, beef, lamb and poultry into cuts, boning, trimming and mincing to specification under hygiene rules, and advising customers on cooking.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"按部位分割豬、牛、羊同家禽，去骨、修整同絞肉，控制出品規格同衛生要求，並向客人介紹煮法。","bodyEn":"Breaks down pork, beef, lamb and poultry into cuts, boning, trimming and mincing to specification under hygiene rules, and advising customers on cooking."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"kitchen-helper","titleZh":"廚房幫工","titleEn":"Kitchen helper","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"負責廚房雜務。","ledeEn":"Handles kitchen support work.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"負責廚房雜務：清洗食材、切料備料、傳菜、清潔爐頭同地面，支援廚師完成出品。","bodyEn":"Handles kitchen support work: washing and preparing ingredients, cutting mise en place, passing dishes and cleaning stoves and floors to keep service moving."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"restaurant-supervisor","titleZh":"樓面部長","titleEn":"Restaurant supervisor","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"排班同分配樓面工作、帶位同處理客人投訴、監察出品同服務標準，並協助埋數同收店。","ledeEn":"Rosters and allocates floor duties, seats guests and handles complaints, monitors food and service standards, and helps with closing the till and the shop.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"排班同分配樓面工作、帶位同處理客人投訴、監察出品同服務標準，並協助埋數同收店。","bodyEn":"Rosters and allocates floor duties, seats guests and handles complaints, monitors food and service standards, and helps with closing the till and the shop."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"restaurant-manager","titleZh":"餐廳經理","titleEn":"Restaurant manager","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"管理餐廳整體運作。","ledeEn":"Runs the restaurant as a whole.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"管理餐廳整體運作：人手、成本、供應商、食物安全同牌照要求，並制定推廣同處理租務、維修等事務。","bodyEn":"Runs the restaurant as a whole: staffing, cost, suppliers, food safety and licensing, plus promotions and matters such as lease and repairs."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"bartender","titleZh":"調酒師","titleEn":"Bartender","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"調製雞尾酒同其他飲品、管理酒水存貨同成本、記住客人喜好，並在繁忙時段維持出品速度同安全。","ledeEn":"Mixes cocktails and other drinks, manages bar stock and cost, remembers guest preferences and keeps up speed and safety during busy service.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"調製雞尾酒同其他飲品、管理酒水存貨同成本、記住客人喜好，並在繁忙時段維持出品速度同安全。","bodyEn":"Mixes cocktails and other drinks, manages bar stock and cost, remembers guest preferences and keeps up speed and safety during busy service."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"sommelier","titleZh":"侍酒師","titleEn":"Sommelier","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"設計酒單、選酒同控制存倉溫度、向客人介紹餐酒配搭建議、處理開瓶同醒酒，並培訓樓面同事。","ledeEn":"Builds the wine list, buys and stores wine at the right temperature, advises guests on pairing, handles decanting and service, and trains the floor team.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"設計酒單、選酒同控制存倉溫度、向客人介紹餐酒配搭建議、處理開瓶同醒酒，並培訓樓面同事。","bodyEn":"Builds the wine list, buys and stores wine at the right temperature, advises guests on pairing, handles decanting and service, and trains the floor team."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"tea-sommelier","titleZh":"品茶師","titleEn":"Tea sommelier","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"分辨茶葉產地、年份同焙火程度，設計沖泡參數、向客人講解茶味同配搭，並管理茶葉存放。","ledeEn":"Identifies tea by origin, vintage and roast level, sets brewing parameters, explains flavours and pairings to guests, and manages tea storage.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"分辨茶葉產地、年份同焙火程度，設計沖泡參數、向客人講解茶味同配搭，並管理茶葉存放。","bodyEn":"Identifies tea by origin, vintage and roast level, sets brewing parameters, explains flavours and pairings to guests, and manages tea storage."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"coffee-roaster","titleZh":"咖啡烘焙師","titleEn":"Coffee roaster","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"設計烘焙曲線、操作烘焙機、杯測評分同調整配方，並管理生豆庫存同養豆期。","ledeEn":"Designs roast profiles, operates the roaster, cups and scores results and adjusts recipes, while managing green bean stock and resting time.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"設計烘焙曲線、操作烘焙機、杯測評分同調整配方，並管理生豆庫存同養豆期。","bodyEn":"Designs roast profiles, operates the roaster, cups and scores results and adjusts recipes, while managing green bean stock and resting time."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"food-stylist","titleZh":"食物造型師","titleEn":"Food stylist","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為廣告、餐牌同影片準備食物擺設。","ledeEn":"Prepares food for advertising, menus and video.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為廣告、餐牌同影片準備食物擺設：控制色澤同質感、處理道具同燈光配合，並要在一日內完成多個鏡頭。","bodyEn":"Prepares food for advertising, menus and video: controlling colour and texture, working with props and lighting, and delivering multiple shots in a day."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"craft-brewer","titleZh":"精釀啤酒釀酒師","titleEn":"Craft brewer","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"設計配方、糖化、發酵同熟成，控制酵母同水質、清潔管路同裝瓶，並記錄批次數據確保味道穩定。","ledeEn":"Designs recipes and runs mashing, fermentation and conditioning, controlling yeast and water quality, cleaning lines and bottling, and logging batch data for consistency.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"設計配方、糖化、發酵同熟成，控制酵母同水質、清潔管路同裝瓶，並記錄批次數據確保味道穩定。","bodyEn":"Designs recipes and runs mashing, fermentation and conditioning, controlling yeast and water quality, cleaning lines and bottling, and logging batch data for consistency."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"dai-pai-dong-cook","titleZh":"大牌檔廚師","titleEn":"Dai pai dong cook","industryZh":"餐飲","industryEn":"Food & beverage","sectorId":"f-and-b","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在街頭食檔以猛火快炒小菜同粉麵，一人兼顧多個鑊，講求火候、鑊氣同出菜速度。","ledeEn":"Cooks stir-fried dishes and noodles over fierce flame at an open-air food stall, working several woks at once with an emphasis on heat, wok aroma and speed.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在街頭食檔以猛火快炒小菜同粉麵，一人兼顧多個鑊，講求火候、鑊氣同出菜速度。","bodyEn":"Cooks stir-fried dishes and noodles over fierce flame at an open-air food stall, working several woks at once with an emphasis on heat, wok aroma and speed."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"concierge","titleZh":"禮賓司","titleEn":"Concierge","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為酒店住客安排交通、餐廳訂位、門票同本地行程，處理特殊要求同投訴，並掌握城市最新資訊。","ledeEn":"Arranges transport, restaurant bookings, tickets and local itineraries for hotel guests, handles special requests and complaints, and keeps up with what is happening in the city.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為酒店住客安排交通、餐廳訂位、門票同本地行程，處理特殊要求同投訴，並掌握城市最新資訊。","bodyEn":"Arranges transport, restaurant bookings, tickets and local itineraries for hotel guests, handles special requests and complaints, and keeps up with what is happening in the city."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"guest-relations-officer","titleZh":"客戶關係主任","titleEn":"Guest relations officer","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"接待貴賓同常客、跟進入住體驗、處理投訴同安排生日或紀念日驚喜，並收集意見交管理層改善。","ledeEn":"Looks after VIP and repeat guests, follows up on their stay, handles complaints, arranges birthday or anniversary touches and feeds comments back to management.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"接待貴賓同常客、跟進入住體驗、處理投訴同安排生日或紀念日驚喜，並收集意見交管理層改善。","bodyEn":"Looks after VIP and repeat guests, follows up on their stay, handles complaints, arranges birthday or anniversary touches and feeds comments back to management."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"butler","titleZh":"私人管家","titleEn":"Butler","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為住客或住戶提供個人化服務。","ledeEn":"Provides personalised service to residents or guests.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為住客或住戶提供個人化服務：整理衣物同行程、安排膳食同聚會、管理家居用品同協調其他部門。","bodyEn":"Provides personalised service to residents or guests: organising clothing and itineraries, arranging meals and gatherings, managing household supplies and coordinating other departments."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"front-office-manager","titleZh":"前堂經理","titleEn":"Front office manager","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"管理前台運作。","ledeEn":"Runs the front office.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"管理前台運作：編更同培訓、處理超額訂房同突發事故、監察服務標準同房務收入。","bodyEn":"Runs the front office: rostering and training, handling overbooking and emergencies, and monitoring service standards and room revenue."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; 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no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"theme-park-performer","titleZh":"主題公園表演員","titleEn":"Theme park performer","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"扮演角色同巡遊表演。","ledeEn":"Plays characters and joins parades.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"扮演角色同巡遊表演：化妝同造型、舞蹈或雜技演出、同遊客互動拍照，並在高溫下維持演出質素。","bodyEn":"Plays characters and joins parades: make-up and costume, dance or acrobatic performance, interacting with visitors for photos, and keeping quality up in the heat."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"cruise-crew","titleZh":"郵輪船員","titleEn":"Cruise ship crew","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在郵輪上做接待、餐飲、娛樂或房務工作，配合航行同靠岸時間編更，合約期內長住船上。","ledeEn":"Works in reception, food and beverage, entertainment or housekeeping on board a cruise ship, on rosters set by sailing and port calls, living on board for the length of the contract.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在郵輪上做接待、餐飲、娛樂或房務工作，配合航行同靠岸時間編更，合約期內長住船上。","bodyEn":"Works in reception, food and beverage, entertainment or housekeeping on board a cruise ship, on rosters set by sailing and port calls, living on board for the length of the contract."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"banquet-coordinator","titleZh":"宴會統籌員","titleEn":"Banquet coordinator","industryZh":"旅遊、酒店及會展","industryEn":"Tourism, hotel & events","sectorId":"tourism","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為酒店宴會活動做統籌。","ledeEn":"Coordinates hotel banquet events.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為酒店宴會活動做統籌：確認場地佈置同菜單、編排人手同時間表、當日監督流程同處理臨時改動。","bodyEn":"Coordinates hotel banquet events: confirming set-up and menus, arranging labour and timings, supervising the day itself and handling last-minute changes."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"visual-merchandiser","titleZh":"陳列設計師","titleEn":"Visual merchandiser","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"設計店舖同櫥窗陳列。","ledeEn":"Designs store and window displays.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"設計店舖同櫥窗陳列：編排產品位置、燈光同道具，按季節同推廣主題更換，並監察各分店執行。","bodyEn":"Designs store and window displays: arranging products, lighting and props, changing them by season and campaign, and checking that branches follow the plan."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"retail-buyer","titleZh":"零售採購買手","titleEn":"Retail buyer","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"決定入咩貨：分析銷售數據同趨勢、同供應商議價、控制庫存同折扣，並跟進交貨同品質。","ledeEn":"Decides what to buy.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"決定入咩貨：分析銷售數據同趨勢、同供應商議價、控制庫存同折扣，並跟進交貨同品質。","bodyEn":"Decides what to buy: analysing sales data and trends, negotiating with suppliers, controlling stock and markdowns, and following up delivery and quality."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"merchandiser","titleZh":"製衣採購員","titleEn":"Merchandiser","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"跟進成衣訂單由樣板到出貨。","ledeEn":"Follows garment orders from sample to shipment.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"跟進成衣訂單由樣板到出貨：聯絡工廠同布料供應商、核對規格同交期、處理樣板修改同品質問題。","bodyEn":"Follows garment orders from sample to shipment: liaising with factories and fabric suppliers, checking specifications and lead times, and dealing with sample changes and quality issues."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"e-commerce-operator","titleZh":"網店營運專員","titleEn":"E-commerce operator","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"管理網店日常。","ledeEn":"Runs the day-to-day of an online shop.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"管理網店日常：上架同更新產品、設定價格同優惠、處理訂單同退換、分析流量同轉換數據。","bodyEn":"Runs the day-to-day of an online shop: listing and updating products, setting prices and promotions, handling orders and returns, and analysing traffic and conversion data."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"live-commerce-host","titleZh":"直播帶貨主播","titleEn":"Live commerce host","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在直播中介紹同示範產品、回應觀眾提問、帶動落單同配合優惠節奏，事前要熟悉產品同寫稿。","ledeEn":"Presents and demonstrates products on a livestream, answers viewers, drives orders and works with the promotion rhythm, after learning the products and preparing a script.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在直播中介紹同示範產品、回應觀眾提問、帶動落單同配合優惠節奏，事前要熟悉產品同寫稿。","bodyEn":"Presents and demonstrates products on a livestream, answers viewers, drives orders and works with the promotion rhythm, after learning the products and preparing a script."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"customer-service-officer","titleZh":"客戶服務主任","titleEn":"Customer service officer","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在熱線、電郵或門市處理查詢同投訴。","ledeEn":"Handles enquiries and complaints by phone, email or at the counter.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在熱線、電郵或門市處理查詢同投訴：核對紀錄、解釋政策、安排維修或退款，並把個案轉介相關部門。","bodyEn":"Handles enquiries and complaints by phone, email or at the counter: checking records, explaining policy, arranging repairs or refunds and referring cases on."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"store-manager","titleZh":"店長","titleEn":"Store manager","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"管理店舖整體表現。","ledeEn":"Runs overall store performance.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"管理店舖整體表現：編更同培訓同事、達成銷售目標、控制損耗同庫存、處理客戶投訴同店舖維修。","bodyEn":"Runs overall store performance: rostering and coaching staff, meeting sales targets, controlling shrinkage and stock, and handling complaints and shop maintenance."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"watch-sales","titleZh":"鐘錶銷售員","titleEn":"Watch sales associate","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"銷售鐘錶同介紹機芯、材質同保養知識，處理維修送修同保養期事宜，並建立長期客戶關係。","ledeEn":"Sells watches and explains movements, materials and servicing, arranges repairs and warranty matters, and builds long-term client relationships.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"銷售鐘錶同介紹機芯、材質同保養知識，處理維修送修同保養期事宜，並建立長期客戶關係。","bodyEn":"Sells watches and explains movements, materials and servicing, arranges repairs and warranty matters, and builds long-term client relationships."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"second-hand-trader","titleZh":"二手買賣從業員","titleEn":"Second-hand trader","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"收購同轉售二手物品。","ledeEn":"Buys and resells second-hand goods.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"收購同轉售二手物品：鑑定狀況同估價、清潔整理、拍照上架，並處理議價同退貨爭議。","bodyEn":"Buys and resells second-hand goods: assessing condition and value, cleaning and preparing items, photographing and listing them, and handling negotiation and returns."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"auctioneer","titleZh":"拍賣師","titleEn":"Auctioneer","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"主持拍賣會：介紹拍品同來源、控制競價節奏、確認成交同處理委託同買家登記。","ledeEn":"Runs auction sales.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"主持拍賣會：介紹拍品同來源、控制競價節奏、確認成交同處理委託同買家登記。","bodyEn":"Runs auction sales: presenting lots and provenance, controlling bidding pace, confirming sales and handling consignments and bidder registration."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"antique-dealer","titleZh":"古董商","titleEn":"Antique dealer","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"蒐羅同買賣古董。","ledeEn":"Sources and trades antiques.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"蒐羅同買賣古董：判斷年代同真偽、修復同保養、撰寫說明同安排展銷，並要了解出入口管制。","bodyEn":"Sources and trades antiques: judging period and authenticity, conservation and care, writing descriptions and arranging displays, with awareness of import and export controls."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"jewellery-gemmologist","titleZh":"珠寶鑑定師","titleEn":"Jewellery gemmologist","industryZh":"零售及個人服務","industryEn":"Retail & personal services","sectorId":"retail","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"用儀器鑑定寶石種類、處理方法同產地，評估品質同價值、撰寫證書，並協助買賣雙方核對貨品。","ledeEn":"Identifies gem species, treatments and origins with instruments, grades quality and value, issues certificates and verifies goods for buyers and sellers.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"用儀器鑑定寶石種類、處理方法同產地，評估品質同價值、撰寫證書，並協助買賣雙方核對貨品。","bodyEn":"Identifies gem species, treatments and origins with instruments, grades quality and value, issues certificates and verifies goods for buyers and sellers."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"waste-collector","titleZh":"廢物收集員","titleEn":"Waste collector","industryZh":"物業及環境服務","industryEn":"Property & environmental services","sectorId":"property","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"收集住宅同商業廢物。","ledeEn":"Collects domestic and commercial waste.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"收集住宅同商業廢物：推桶、上車、操作尾板同壓縮裝置，並要保持收集點同車輛清潔。","bodyEn":"Collects domestic and commercial waste: moving bins, loading, operating tail lifts and compactors, and keeping collection points and the vehicle clean."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"recycling-worker","titleZh":"回收工人","titleEn":"Recycling worker","industryZh":"物業及環境服務","industryEn":"Property & environmental services","sectorId":"property","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在回收點或回收廠分類廢紙、金屬、塑膠同電子廢物，操作打包機同記錄重量，並協助教育回收安排。","ledeEn":"Sorts paper, metal, plastic and electronic waste at collection points or recycling plants, operates balers, records weights and helps explain recycling arrangements.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在回收點或回收廠分類廢紙、金屬、塑膠同電子廢物，操作打包機同記錄重量，並協助教育回收安排。","bodyEn":"Sorts paper, metal, plastic and electronic waste at collection points or recycling plants, operates balers, records weights and helps explain recycling arrangements."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; 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no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"handyman","titleZh":"維修雜工","titleEn":"Handyman","industryZh":"物業及環境服務","industryEn":"Property & environmental services","sectorId":"property","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"處理樓宇小型維修。","ledeEn":"Handles small repairs in a building.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"處理樓宇小型維修：換燈、通渠、修門鎖同油漆、安裝層架，判斷問題係自行處理抑或要轉介承辦商。","bodyEn":"Handles small repairs in a building: changing lamps, clearing blockages, fixing locks and touch-up painting, mounting shelves and deciding when to call in a contractor."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"facility-manager","titleZh":"設施管理經理","titleEn":"Facility manager","industryZh":"物業及環境服務","industryEn":"Property & environmental services","sectorId":"property","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"統籌設施嘅運作同保養。","ledeEn":"Coordinates the operation and upkeep of facilities.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"統籌設施嘅運作同保養：機電維修計劃、能源管理、空間安排、承辦商合約同緊急應變預案。","bodyEn":"Coordinates the operation and upkeep of facilities: planned maintenance, energy management, space planning, contractor contracts and emergency procedures."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"software-developer","titleZh":"軟件開發工程師","titleEn":"Software developer","industryZh":"資訊科技","industryEn":"Information technology","sectorId":"it","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"按需求編寫同維護程式、設計資料結構同介面、寫測試同除錯，並同產品、設計同測試同事協作交付版本。","ledeEn":"Writes and maintains code to requirements, designs data structures and interfaces, writes tests and fixes bugs, and works with product, design and test colleagues to ship releases.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"按需求編寫同維護程式、設計資料結構同介面、寫測試同除錯，並同產品、設計同測試同事協作交付版本。","bodyEn":"Writes and maintains code to requirements, designs data structures and interfaces, writes tests and fixes bugs, and works with product, design and test colleagues to ship releases."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; 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no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"embedded-developer","titleZh":"嵌入式系統開發員","titleEn":"Embedded systems developer","industryZh":"資訊科技","industryEn":"Information technology","sectorId":"it","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為儀器或設備寫韌體。","ledeEn":"Writes firmware for instruments and devices.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為儀器或設備寫韌體：控制感應器同馬達、處理通訊協定、做實機測試同排除硬件層問題。","bodyEn":"Writes firmware for instruments and devices: controlling sensors and motors, implementing communication protocols, testing on real hardware and tracing hardware-level faults."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; 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no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"penetration-tester","titleZh":"滲透測試員","titleEn":"Penetration tester","industryZh":"資訊科技","industryEn":"Information technology","sectorId":"it","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在授權範圍內模擬攻擊系統同應用程式，找出可被利用嘅漏洞、評估影響同撰寫修補建議報告。","ledeEn":"Simulates attacks on systems and applications within an authorised scope, finds exploitable weaknesses, assesses impact and writes remediation reports.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在授權範圍內模擬攻擊系統同應用程式，找出可被利用嘅漏洞、評估影響同撰寫修補建議報告。","bodyEn":"Simulates attacks on systems and applications within an authorised scope, finds exploitable weaknesses, assesses impact and writes remediation reports."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; 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no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"online-tutor","titleZh":"線上補習導師","titleEn":"Online tutor","industryZh":"教育及培訓","industryEn":"Education & training","sectorId":"education","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"透過視像會議授課、用電子白板同共享教材、錄製課堂同批改網上作業，並要處理網絡同設備問題。","ledeEn":"Teaches over video conferencing, using a digital whiteboard and shared materials, recording lessons and marking online homework, while handling network and device problems.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"透過視像會議授課、用電子白板同共享教材、錄製課堂同批改網上作業，並要處理網絡同設備問題。","bodyEn":"Teaches over video conferencing, using a digital whiteboard and shared materials, recording lessons and marking online homework, while handling network and device problems."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; 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no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"postdoctoral-fellow","titleZh":"博士後研究員","titleEn":"Postdoctoral fellow","industryZh":"教育及培訓","industryEn":"Education & training","sectorId":"education","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在教授實驗室或團隊做指定研究課題。","ledeEn":"Runs an assigned research topic in a professor laboratory or team.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在教授實驗室或團隊做指定研究課題：設計實驗、收集同分析數據、撰寫論文同申請研究經費。","bodyEn":"Runs an assigned research topic in a professor laboratory or team: designing experiments, collecting and analysing data, writing papers and applying for funding."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"research-assistant","titleZh":"研究助理","titleEn":"Research assistant","industryZh":"教育及培訓","industryEn":"Education & training","sectorId":"education","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"支援研究項目。","ledeEn":"Supports research projects.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"支援研究項目：做文獻整理、招募同跟進研究對象、收集同輸入數據、安排器材同協助撰寫報告。","bodyEn":"Supports research projects: reviewing literature, recruiting and following up participants, collecting and entering data, arranging equipment and helping write reports."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"instructional-designer","titleZh":"教學設計師","titleEn":"Instructional designer","industryZh":"教育及培訓","industryEn":"Education & training","sectorId":"education","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"把課程內容轉成教學方案。","ledeEn":"Turns subject matter into teaching plans.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"把課程內容轉成教學方案：拆解學習目標、設計活動同評量、製作線上教材，並用學習數據檢討成效。","bodyEn":"Turns subject matter into teaching plans: breaking down learning objectives, designing activities and assessment, producing online materials and reviewing results with learning data."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"journalist","titleZh":"記者","titleEn":"Journalist","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"採訪新聞、查證資料同訪問人物，寫成報道或影像新聞，並要趕截稿時間同處理敏感題材。","ledeEn":"Covers news, verifies information and interviews people, then writes the story or files video news, working to deadlines and handling sensitive subjects.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"採訪新聞、查證資料同訪問人物，寫成報道或影像新聞，並要趕截稿時間同處理敏感題材。","bodyEn":"Covers news, verifies information and interviews people, then writes the story or files video news, working to deadlines and handling sensitive subjects."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"editor","titleZh":"編輯","titleEn":"Editor","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"決定報道角度同篇幅、分派採訪工作、審稿同改稿、把關事實同法律風險，並協調版面或播出安排。","ledeEn":"Sets the angle and length of stories, assigns reporting, edits copy, guards against factual and legal risk, and coordinates page or broadcast schedules.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"決定報道角度同篇幅、分派採訪工作、審稿同改稿、把關事實同法律風險，並協調版面或播出安排。","bodyEn":"Sets the angle and length of stories, assigns reporting, edits copy, guards against factual and legal risk, and coordinates page or broadcast schedules."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"photojournalist","titleZh":"新聞攝影記者","titleEn":"Photojournalist","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在新聞現場拍攝影像、處理光線同構圖、即時傳相回編輯部，並要判斷拍攝倫理同安全風險。","ledeEn":"Shoots images at news scenes, works with light and composition, transmits pictures straight back to the desk, and judges ethical and safety risks.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在新聞現場拍攝影像、處理光線同構圖、即時傳相回編輯部，並要判斷拍攝倫理同安全風險。","bodyEn":"Shoots images at news scenes, works with light and composition, transmits pictures straight back to the desk, and judges ethical and safety risks."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"news-anchor","titleZh":"新聞主播","titleEn":"News anchor","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在直播中報道新聞、讀稿同臨場應對突發消息、訪問嘉賓，並要掌握時事背景同發音清晰。","ledeEn":"Presents news live, reads scripts and reacts to breaking developments, interviews guests, and keeps up with current affairs and clear delivery.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在直播中報道新聞、讀稿同臨場應對突發消息、訪問嘉賓，並要掌握時事背景同發音清晰。","bodyEn":"Presents news live, reads scripts and reacts to breaking developments, interviews guests, and keeps up with current affairs and clear delivery."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"tv-producer","titleZh":"電視節目製作人","titleEn":"Television producer","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"由構思到播出統籌節目。","ledeEn":"Runs a programme from idea to broadcast.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"由構思到播出統籌節目：定題材同形式、找嘉賓、編預算同拍攝期、監督後期剪接同交片。","bodyEn":"Runs a programme from idea to broadcast: setting the subject and format, booking guests, budgeting and scheduling the shoot, and supervising post-production and delivery."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"radio-host","titleZh":"電台主持","titleEn":"Radio host","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"主持直播或錄播節目。","ledeEn":"Hosts live or recorded shows.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"主持直播或錄播節目：準備話題同歌單、控制時間同音響、接聽觀眾來電同即時應對突發狀況。","bodyEn":"Hosts live or recorded shows: preparing topics and playlists, controlling timing and sound, taking listener calls and handling things going wrong on air."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"podcast-host","titleZh":"播客主持","titleEn":"Podcast host","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"策劃節目主題同訪談、錄音同剪輯、寫節目簡介同管理發布平台，多數同時兼顧推廣同商業合作。","ledeEn":"Plans episodes and interviews, records and edits, writes show notes and manages publishing platforms, usually also handling promotion and sponsorship.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"策劃節目主題同訪談、錄音同剪輯、寫節目簡介同管理發布平台，多數同時兼顧推廣同商業合作。","bodyEn":"Plans episodes and interviews, records and edits, writes show notes and manages publishing platforms, usually also handling promotion and sponsorship."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"voice-actor","titleZh":"配音員","titleEn":"Voice actor","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為動畫、廣告、劇集同遊戲配音。","ledeEn":"Dubs animation, commercials, drama and games.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為動畫、廣告、劇集同遊戲配音：分析角色、控制聲線同語氣、配合對嘴同錄音室指示重錄。","bodyEn":"Dubs animation, commercials, drama and games: analysing characters, controlling voice and tone, matching lip sync and re-recording to studio direction."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"subtitle-translator","titleZh":"字幕翻譯員","titleEn":"Subtitle translator","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"翻譯節目字幕同語音稿。","ledeEn":"Translates subtitles and dialogue lists.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"翻譯節目字幕同語音稿：處理方言、笑話同文化差異，控制字數同行數以配合畫面時間。","bodyEn":"Translates subtitles and dialogue lists: handling dialect, jokes and cultural reference, and fitting character and line limits to screen timing."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"interpreter","titleZh":"傳譯員","titleEn":"Interpreter","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在會議、記者會或現場活動做即時或接續傳譯，事前要熟悉題材同術語，並控制語速同準確度。","ledeEn":"Interprets simultaneously or consecutively at conferences, press events or site visits, preparing the subject and terminology beforehand and managing pace and accuracy.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在會議、記者會或現場活動做即時或接續傳譯，事前要熟悉題材同術語，並控制語速同準確度。","bodyEn":"Interprets simultaneously or consecutively at conferences, press events or site visits, preparing the subject and terminology beforehand and managing pace and accuracy."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"sign-language-interpreter","titleZh":"手語傳譯員","titleEn":"Sign language interpreter","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為聾人同聽人溝通做手語傳譯。","ledeEn":"Interprets between sign language and spoken language for deaf and hearing people.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為聾人同聽人溝通做手語傳譯：在醫療、法庭、學校或活動現場即時傳譯，並注意位置同燈光以便看清手勢。","bodyEn":"Interprets between sign language and spoken language for deaf and hearing people: working live in medical, court, school or event settings, with attention to position and lighting so signs are visible."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"social-media-manager","titleZh":"社交媒體經理","titleEn":"Social media manager","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"經營品牌社交帳號。","ledeEn":"Runs brand accounts.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"經營品牌社交帳號：規劃內容日曆、寫帖文同拍短片、回覆留言同處理公關危機，並分析數據調整策略。","bodyEn":"Runs brand accounts: planning the content calendar, writing posts and shooting short video, answering comments and handling PR incidents, then tuning strategy with data."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"content-creator","titleZh":"內容創作者（KOL）","titleEn":"Content creator","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在網上平台持續製作影片或圖文內容，自行定題材同拍攝剪輯，並靠廣告、贊助或訂閱建立收入。","ledeEn":"Produces video or written content continuously on online platforms, choosing the subject and doing the shooting and editing, with income built from advertising, sponsorship or subscriptions.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在網上平台持續製作影片或圖文內容，自行定題材同拍攝剪輯，並靠廣告、贊助或訂閱建立收入。","bodyEn":"Produces video or written content continuously on online platforms, choosing the subject and doing the shooting and editing, with income built from advertising, sponsorship or subscriptions."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"videographer","titleZh":"攝影師／錄像師","titleEn":"Videographer","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為活動、廣告或紀錄片拍攝影片。","ledeEn":"Shoots video for events, advertising or documentaries.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為活動、廣告或紀錄片拍攝影片：設定機位同燈光、收音、現場應變同整理素材交後期。","bodyEn":"Shoots video for events, advertising or documentaries: setting camera positions and lighting, recording sound, adapting on location and handing organised footage to post-production."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"video-editor","titleZh":"影片剪接師","titleEn":"Video editor","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"按劇本或要求剪接素材。","ledeEn":"Cuts footage to a script or brief.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"按劇本或要求剪接素材：選鏡、控制節奏、加字幕同音效、調色同輸出不同版本。","bodyEn":"Cuts footage to a script or brief: choosing shots, controlling pace, adding subtitles and sound, grading and exporting different versions."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"sound-recordist","titleZh":"收音師","titleEn":"Sound recordist","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在拍攝現場收錄對白同環境聲。","ledeEn":"Records dialogue and ambience on location.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在拍攝現場收錄對白同環境聲：選擇收音器材、處理無線麥同背景噪音、做備份同交聲軌。","bodyEn":"Records dialogue and ambience on location: choosing microphones and recorders, managing radio mics and background noise, backing up and delivering audio tracks."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"animator","titleZh":"動畫師","titleEn":"Animator","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"製作 2D 或 3D 動畫。","ledeEn":"Creates 2D or 3D animation.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"製作 2D 或 3D 動畫：設計動作同表情、按時間軸編排、配合配音同音樂，並按導演要求修改。","bodyEn":"Creates 2D or 3D animation: designing movement and expression, timing on the timeline, syncing to voice and music, and revising to the director notes."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"vfx-artist","titleZh":"視覺特效師","titleEn":"Visual effects artist","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為影片加特效。","ledeEn":"Adds effects to film and video.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為影片加特效：去背、合成、追蹤鏡頭運動、做粒子同爆炸效果，並同剪接同調色配合。","bodyEn":"Adds effects to film and video: keying, compositing, camera tracking and creating particle or explosion effects, working with editing and grading."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"pr-officer","titleZh":"公關主任","titleEn":"Public relations officer","industryZh":"傳媒、影視及出版","industryEn":"Media, film & publishing","sectorId":"media","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"處理機構對外溝通。","ledeEn":"Handles an organisation external communication.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"處理機構對外溝通：寫新聞稿同聲明、安排記者會同訪問、監察輿論同準備危機應對口徑。","bodyEn":"Handles an organisation external communication: writing press releases and statements, arranging briefings and interviews, monitoring coverage and preparing crisis lines."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"illustrator","titleZh":"插畫師","titleEn":"Illustrator","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"按文字或概念繪製插畫。","ledeEn":"Draws illustrations to a brief or text for books, advertising, packaging and online content, keeping style consistent and meeting deadlines.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"按文字或概念繪製插畫：書籍、廣告、包裝同網上內容，控制風格一致性同交稿時間。","bodyEn":"Draws illustrations to a brief or text for books, advertising, packaging and online content, keeping style consistent and meeting deadlines."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"comic-artist","titleZh":"漫畫家","titleEn":"Comic artist","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"創作同繪畫連載漫畫。","ledeEn":"Creates and draws serial comics.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"創作同繪畫連載漫畫：編劇本同分鏡、畫線稿同上色、配合連載周期，並兼顧單行本同版權合作。","bodyEn":"Creates and draws serial comics: scripting and storyboarding, pencilling and colouring to a publication cycle, and handling collected editions and licensing deals."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"type-designer","titleZh":"字體設計師","titleEn":"Type designer","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"設計中英文字體同字形。","ledeEn":"Designs Chinese and Latin typefaces and glyphs.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"設計中英文字體同字形：調整筆畫粗幼同空間、做字重同字集擴充、測試印刷同屏幕顯示效果。","bodyEn":"Designs Chinese and Latin typefaces and glyphs: tuning stroke weight and spacing, extending weights and character sets, and testing print and screen rendering."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"fashion-designer","titleZh":"時裝設計師","titleEn":"Fashion designer","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"設計服裝系列。","ledeEn":"Designs clothing ranges.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"設計服裝系列：研究趨勢同物料、畫圖同打樣、跟工廠做樣板同生產，並配合時裝展或訂貨會推廣。","bodyEn":"Designs clothing ranges: researching trends and fabrics, drawing and sampling, working with factories on patterns and production, and presenting at shows or trade events."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"jewellery-designer","titleZh":"珠寶設計師","titleEn":"Jewellery designer","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"設計飾品：畫草圖同電腦建模、選石同金屬、同打金師傅研究工藝，並控制成本同配戴舒適度。","ledeEn":"Designs jewellery.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"設計飾品：畫草圖同電腦建模、選石同金屬、同打金師傅研究工藝，並控制成本同配戴舒適度。","bodyEn":"Designs jewellery: sketching and modelling on computer, selecting stones and metals, working with goldsmiths on technique, and controlling cost and wearability."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"product-designer","titleZh":"產品設計師","titleEn":"Product designer","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"由用戶需要出發設計實體產品。","ledeEn":"Designs physical products from user needs.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"由用戶需要出發設計實體產品：做研究同草模、選料同結構、處理安全同認證要求，並跟進量產。","bodyEn":"Designs physical products from user needs: research and mock-ups, material and structure choices, safety and certification requirements, and following through to mass production."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"interior-designer","titleZh":"室內設計師","titleEn":"Interior designer","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"規劃室內空間同物料。","ledeEn":"Plans interior layouts and finishes.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"規劃室內空間同物料：畫平面同立面圖、選傢俬燈光、協調水電同施工、控制預算同交期。","bodyEn":"Plans interior layouts and finishes: drawing plans and elevations, selecting furniture and lighting, coordinating services and construction, and controlling budget and programme."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"exhibition-designer","titleZh":"展覽設計師","titleEn":"Exhibition designer","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"設計展覽同展位空間。","ledeEn":"Designs exhibition and booth spaces.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"設計展覽同展位空間：規劃動線同燈光、處理展品保護同安全、出施工圖同監督現場搭建。","bodyEn":"Designs exhibition and booth spaces: planning circulation and lighting, handling artefact protection and safety, producing construction drawings and supervising on-site build."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"ux-designer","titleZh":"用戶體驗設計師","titleEn":"UX designer","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"設計數碼產品嘅使用流程同介面。","ledeEn":"Designs the flow and interface of digital products.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"設計數碼產品嘅使用流程同介面：做用戶研究、畫流程同原型、同工程師確認可行性，並用數據同測試驗證改動。","bodyEn":"Designs the flow and interface of digital products: user research, journey maps and prototypes, checking feasibility with engineers, and validating changes with data and testing."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"ux-researcher","titleZh":"用戶研究員","titleEn":"UX researcher","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"規劃同執行用戶研究。","ledeEn":"Plans and runs user research.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"規劃同執行用戶研究：訪談、可用性測試、問卷同數據分析，整理成洞察文件影響產品決策。","bodyEn":"Plans and runs user research: interviews, usability tests, surveys and data analysis, turning findings into insight documents that shape product decisions."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"game-designer","titleZh":"遊戲設計師","titleEn":"Game designer","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"設計遊戲玩法同關卡。","ledeEn":"Designs gameplay and levels.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"設計遊戲玩法同關卡：寫設計文件、調數值同節奏、做原型測試同根據玩家行為修改。","bodyEn":"Designs gameplay and levels: writing design documents, tuning numbers and pacing, testing prototypes and iterating based on player behaviour."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"game-artist","titleZh":"遊戲美術師","titleEn":"Game artist","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"製作遊戲美術資產。","ledeEn":"Produces game art assets.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"製作遊戲美術資產：角色同場景模型、貼圖同材質、動畫同特效，並在效能限制下控制畫質。","bodyEn":"Produces game art assets: character and environment models, textures and materials, animation and effects, balancing visual quality against performance limits."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"curator","titleZh":"策展人","titleEn":"Curator","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"策劃展覽：定主題同敘事、選作品、寫展覽文字同導賞、協調借展同運輸保險，並處理預算同宣傳。","ledeEn":"Curates exhibitions.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"策劃展覽：定主題同敘事、選作品、寫展覽文字同導賞、協調借展同運輸保險，並處理預算同宣傳。","bodyEn":"Curates exhibitions: setting the theme and narrative, selecting works, writing labels and tours, arranging loans, transport and insurance, and managing budget and promotion."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"conservator","titleZh":"文物修復師","titleEn":"Conservator","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"檢查同修復文物、檔案或藝術品。","ledeEn":"Examines and treats artefacts, archives and artworks.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"檢查同修復文物、檔案或藝術品：評估材質同損壞、做清潔加固同補配、記錄處理過程，並控制溫濕度同蟲害。","bodyEn":"Examines and treats artefacts, archives and artworks: assessing materials and damage, cleaning, consolidating and filling, documenting treatment, and controlling humidity and pests."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"archivist","titleZh":"檔案管理員","titleEn":"Archivist","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"管理檔案同歷史紀錄。","ledeEn":"Manages archives and historical records.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"管理檔案同歷史紀錄：鑑定同分類、編目同建立檢索工具、安排修復同數碼化，並按法例處理開放同保密。","bodyEn":"Manages archives and historical records: appraisal and arrangement, cataloguing and finding aids, conservation and digitisation, and handling access and confidentiality under the rules."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"make-up-artist","titleZh":"化妝師","titleEn":"Make-up artist","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為婚禮、拍攝、廣告或舞台化妝。","ledeEn":"Applies make-up for weddings, shoots, advertising or stage.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為婚禮、拍攝、廣告或舞台化妝：分析場合同光線、做底妝同造型、補妝同卸妝，亦要照顧客人皮膚敏感。","bodyEn":"Applies make-up for weddings, shoots, advertising or stage: reading the occasion and lighting, building looks, touching up and removing make-up, and watching for skin sensitivity."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"special-effects-makeup-artist","titleZh":"特效化妝師","titleEn":"Special effects make-up artist","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"製作傷口、老妝、動物造型同矽膠假體。","ledeEn":"Creates wounds, ageing, creature and silicone prosthetic effects.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"製作傷口、老妝、動物造型同矽膠假體：倒模、上色同貼合，並在拍攝期間維持效果。","bodyEn":"Creates wounds, ageing, creature and silicone prosthetic effects: moulding, colouring and applying pieces, and maintaining them through a shoot."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"nail-artist","titleZh":"美甲師","titleEn":"Nail technician","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"修甲、修形、上色同做凝膠或水晶甲。","ledeEn":"Shapes and files nails, applies colour, gel or acrylic.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"修甲、修形、上色同做凝膠或水晶甲：處理甲面問題、設計圖案，並要清潔消毒工具避免感染。","bodyEn":"Shapes and files nails, applies colour, gel or acrylic: dealing with nail conditions, designing patterns, and sterilising tools to avoid infection."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"tattoo-artist","titleZh":"紋身師","titleEn":"Tattoo artist","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"設計同執行紋身或紋身遮蓋。","ledeEn":"Designs and executes tattoos or cover-ups.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"設計同執行紋身或紋身遮蓋：同客人溝通圖案同位置、做好衛生同消毒、講解護理同風險。","bodyEn":"Designs and executes tattoos or cover-ups: discussing design and placement with clients, keeping strict hygiene and disinfection, and explaining aftercare and risks."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"image-consultant","titleZh":"形象顧問","titleEn":"Image consultant","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為客戶分析身形、場合同職業需要，建議服裝、髮型同顏色配搭，並陪同購物同整理衣櫃。","ledeEn":"Analyses a client body shape, occasions and work needs, advises on clothing, hair and colour, and accompanies shopping or wardrobe editing.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為客戶分析身形、場合同職業需要，建議服裝、髮型同顏色配搭，並陪同購物同整理衣櫃。","bodyEn":"Analyses a client body shape, occasions and work needs, advises on clothing, hair and colour, and accompanies shopping or wardrobe editing."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"costume-designer","titleZh":"服裝設計師（演藝）","titleEn":"Costume designer","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為舞台、電影或電視設計戲服。","ledeEn":"Designs costumes for stage, film or television.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為舞台、電影或電視設計戲服：研究年代同角色、畫圖同選料、統籌製作同試身、管理戲服存放同維修。","bodyEn":"Designs costumes for stage, film or television: researching period and character, sketching and sourcing fabric, managing making and fittings, and looking after storage and repair."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"stage-manager","titleZh":"舞台監督","titleEn":"Stage manager","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"統籌演出運作。","ledeEn":"Runs the show.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"統籌演出運作：編排綵排同演出流程、記錄走位同道具、發號施令控制燈光音響轉景，並處理現場突發。","bodyEn":"Runs the show: scheduling rehearsals and performances, recording cues and props, calling lighting, sound and scene changes, and handling incidents on the night."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"lighting-technician","titleZh":"燈光技術員","titleEn":"Lighting technician","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","lesserKnown":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"安裝同操作演出燈光。","ledeEn":"Rigs and operates show lighting.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"安裝同操作演出燈光：掛燈、對焦、設定控制台同排程，並在演出期間按指示執行燈光變化。","bodyEn":"Rigs and operates show lighting: hanging, focusing, programming the console and running cues during performance."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"music-producer","titleZh":"音樂製作人","titleEn":"Music producer","industryZh":"創意、文化及康樂","industryEn":"Creative, culture & recreation","sectorId":"creative","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"統籌歌曲製作。","ledeEn":"Oversees music production.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"統籌歌曲製作：定編曲方向、安排錄音同樂手、指導演唱、混音同母帶處理，並跟進發行同版權。","bodyEn":"Oversees music production: setting arrangement direction, arranging recording and session players, coaching performance, mixing and mastering, and following up release and rights."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"esports-player","titleZh":"電競選手","titleEn":"Esports player","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"以團隊或個人身分參加電子競技賽事。","ledeEn":"Competes in esports events as part of a team or solo.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"以團隊或個人身分參加電子競技賽事：每日團隊訓練同復盤、研究對手、配合贊助同直播安排。","bodyEn":"Competes in esports events as part of a team or solo: daily scrims and review, studying opponents, and taking part in sponsor and streaming commitments."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"esports-coach","titleZh":"電競教練","titleEn":"Esports coach","industryZh":"運動及康體","industryEn":"Sports & recreation","sectorId":"sports","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為電競隊伍設計戰術同訓練計劃、分析比賽錄影、處理選手狀態同輪換安排，並同經理協調賽程。","ledeEn":"Designs tactics and training plans for an esports team, analyses match footage, manages player form and rotations, and coordinates schedules with the manager.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為電競隊伍設計戰術同訓練計劃、分析比賽錄影、處理選手狀態同輪換安排，並同經理協調賽程。","bodyEn":"Designs tactics and training plans for an esports team, analyses match footage, manages player form and rotations, and coordinates schedules with the manager."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"youth-worker","titleZh":"青少年工作員","titleEn":"Youth worker","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在青年中心或外展服務接觸青少年。","ledeEn":"Meets young people in youth centres or outreach work.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在青年中心或外展服務接觸青少年：帶活動同興趣小組、建立關係、識別危機同轉介合適服務。","bodyEn":"Meets young people in youth centres or outreach work: running activities and interest groups, building relationships, spotting risk and referring to suitable services."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"rehabilitation-worker","titleZh":"復康工作員","titleEn":"Rehabilitation worker","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在復康服務單位帶訓練活動、協助會員做日常生活訓練同工作技能訓練，並記錄進度同處理情緒。","ledeEn":"Runs training activities in a rehabilitation service, supporting members with daily living and work skills, recording progress and handling emotions.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在復康服務單位帶訓練活動、協助會員做日常生活訓練同工作技能訓練，並記錄進度同處理情緒。","bodyEn":"Runs training activities in a rehabilitation service, supporting members with daily living and work skills, recording progress and handling emotions."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"counsellor","titleZh":"輔導員","titleEn":"Counsellor","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"提供個別或小組輔導。","ledeEn":"Provides individual or group counselling.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"提供個別或小組輔導：建立信任、聆聽同回應、協助訂立目標同處理情緒困擾，並在需要時轉介醫療或社工服務。","bodyEn":"Provides individual or group counselling: building trust, listening and responding, helping set goals and work through distress, and referring to medical or social work services when needed."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"play-therapist","titleZh":"遊戲治療師","titleEn":"Play therapist","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"用遊戲同玩具作為媒介，協助兒童表達情緒同處理創傷或適應問題，並同家長同學校商討跟進。","ledeEn":"Uses play and toys as a medium to help children express feelings and work through trauma or adjustment problems, and discusses follow-up with parents and schools.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"用遊戲同玩具作為媒介，協助兒童表達情緒同處理創傷或適應問題，並同家長同學校商討跟進。","bodyEn":"Uses play and toys as a medium to help children express feelings and work through trauma or adjustment problems, and discusses follow-up with parents and schools."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"music-therapist","titleZh":"音樂治療師","titleEn":"Music therapist","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"用音樂活動做介入。","ledeEn":"Uses musical activity as an intervention.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"用音樂活動做介入：為長者、復康人士或特殊需要兒童設計歌唱、敲擊同即興活動，並記錄行為同情緒變化。","bodyEn":"Uses musical activity as an intervention: designing singing, percussion and improvisation sessions for older adults, people in rehabilitation or children with special needs, and recording changes in behaviour and mood."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"art-therapist","titleZh":"藝術治療師","titleEn":"Art therapist","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"用繪畫、陶藝等創作活動協助案主表達同整理情緒，解讀創作歷程同建立安全感，並記錄介入目標。","ledeEn":"Uses drawing, clay and other creative activity to help clients express and work through feelings, reading the creative process, building safety and recording intervention goals.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"用繪畫、陶藝等創作活動協助案主表達同整理情緒，解讀創作歷程同建立安全感，並記錄介入目標。","bodyEn":"Uses drawing, clay and other creative activity to help clients express and work through feelings, reading the creative process, building safety and recording intervention goals."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"community-organiser","titleZh":"社區組織者","titleEn":"Community organiser","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在地區發掘議題同組織居民。","ledeEn":"Identifies local issues and organises residents.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在地區發掘議題同組織居民：做街站同家訪、開會同培訓街坊、協調義工同跟進服務改善。","bodyEn":"Identifies local issues and organises residents: street work and home visits, meetings and resident training, coordinating volunteers and following up service improvements."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"confinement-nanny","titleZh":"陪月員","titleEn":"Confinement nanny","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"在產後照顧產婦同初生嬰兒。","ledeEn":"Cares for a new mother and newborn after birth.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"在產後照顧產婦同初生嬰兒：準備月子餐、協助餵哺同清潔、照顧嬰兒作息，並向家人示範照顧技巧。","bodyEn":"Cares for a new mother and newborn after birth: preparing confinement meals, supporting feeding and hygiene, managing the baby routine and showing family members how to help."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"funeral-director","titleZh":"殯儀禮儀師","titleEn":"Funeral director","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為家屬安排喪禮。","ledeEn":"Arranges funerals for families.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為家屬安排喪禮：講解流程同收費、協調殮房同殯儀館、安排靈堂、棺木同法事，並在當日主持流程。","bodyEn":"Arranges funerals for families: explaining procedures and charges, coordinating with mortuaries and funeral homes, arranging the hall, coffin and rites, and running the day itself."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"funeral-cosmetician","titleZh":"遺體化妝師","titleEn":"Funeral cosmetician","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"為遺體清潔、化妝同整理儀容，處理傷口或變色情況、配合家屬要求同宗教習俗，並在瞻仰前完成。","ledeEn":"Cleans, makes up and prepares bodies.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"為遺體清潔、化妝同整理儀容，處理傷口或變色情況、配合家屬要求同宗教習俗，並在瞻仰前完成。","bodyEn":"Cleans, makes up and prepares bodies: working with wounds or discolouration, following family wishes and religious custom, and finishing before the viewing."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"},{"slug":"bereavement-counsellor","titleZh":"哀傷輔導員","titleEn":"Bereavement counsellor","industryZh":"社會服務","industryEn":"Social services","sectorId":"social","lesserKnown":true,"emerging":true,"verification":"listed","gate":"employer","ledeZh":"陪伴喪親者走過哀傷。","ledeEn":"Accompanies bereaved people through grief.","bodyZh":"","bodyEn":"","sections":[{"titleZh":"工作範圍","titleEn":"What the job covers","bodyZh":"陪伴喪親者走過哀傷：提供個別或小組輔導、協助處理實際事務、識別複雜哀傷或抑鬱並轉介。","bodyEn":"Accompanies bereaved people through grief: individual or group counselling, help with practical matters, and identifying complicated grief or depression for referral."}],"entryZh":["香港未有統一法定入職要求：門檻由僱主自訂，通常睇學歷、認可證書、作品或實習經驗。"],"entryEn":["There is no unified statutory entry requirement: the employer sets the bar, usually looking at academic qualifications, recognised certificates, portfolio or internship experience."],"routes":[],"progressionKind":"employer-varies","progressionZh":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"progressionEn":[{"titleZh":"視乎僱主／機構，無官方階梯","titleEn":"Employer-defined; no official ladder"}],"sourceIds":[],"asOf":"2026-09-14"}]}