# 香港誌 / Hong Kong Story Hong Kong Story records foundational facts about Hong Kong — geography, population, government, a dated history timeline, economy, labour, transport, the 18 districts, country parks, careers, and public children’s play. Every statistic names its official source and reference date. History milestones follow the Yearbook, DOJ and LegCo; occupations need official entry rules. --- # 香港總覽 / Hong Kong overview Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China at the south-eastern edge of the Chinese mainland, comprising Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, the New Territories and outlying islands. Hong Kong is a high-density coastal city and a major gateway to the mainland of China. On 1 July 1997 it became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, and the Basic Law came into effect the same day. This knowledge base starts with facts that can be checked: land and climate, population and language, government, the legal system, a dated history timeline, the economy, labour, transport, education, health, housing, holidays, environment, country parks and marine parks, social security, law and order, and the 18 District Council districts. Figures come from the Census and Statistics Department, GovHK, the Labour Department, the Housing Bureau, AFCD, the Hong Kong Yearbook or other official texts, and each figure carries its reference date. District populations use the Census and Statistics Department land-based non-institutional series, which is not identical to the whole-territory mid-year estimate. Where an official source is not available, this site does not invent a number. 香港是一個高密度的沿海城市，也是連接中國內地的主要門戶城市。1997年7月1日，香港成為中華人民共和國香港特別行政區，《基本法》同日生效。 本知識庫把「香港」拆成可以核對的基礎事實：土地與氣候、人口與語文、政制、法律、歷史時間線、經濟、勞工、交通、教育、衞生、房屋、假期、環境、郊野公園與海岸公園、社會保障、治安，以及十八個區議會分區。數字一律來自政府統計處、香港政府一站通、勞工處、房屋局、漁護署、《香港年報》或其他官方文本，並註明統計時點。 十八區人口採用政府統計處《按區議會分區劃分的人口及住戶統計數字》的陸上非住院人口，與全港年中人口估計口徑不同。若一項資料沒有官方來源，本站不會填上估計數字。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/overview --- # 地理 / Geography Hong Kong sits at the south-eastern tip of China. Land area is about 1,114.6 km², covering Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, and the New Territories and Islands. Victoria Harbour lies between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula. At end-2025 the Census and Statistics Department recorded a land area of 1,114.6 km²: Hong Kong Island 80.7, Kowloon 46.9, and the New Territories and Islands 986.9. Reclamation changes the figure slightly, so the year-end date matters. GovHK describes Hong Kong as Hong Kong Island, Lantau Island, the Kowloon Peninsula, and the New Territories, including 261 islands of 500 m² or more besides Hong Kong Island and Lantau. Country parks and special areas cover about 40% of the land. Victoria Harbour, between Hong Kong Island and Kowloon, is a deep-water harbour. AFCD’s marine-parks overview states a sea area of about 1,640 km², counted separately from land area. Administratively Hong Kong is divided into 18 District Council districts. That grid does not map one-to-one onto the geographic labels Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories: Kwai Tsing and Tsuen Wan, for example, are in the New Territories but are tightly tied to the urban core. 按政府統計處 2025 年年底數字，香港陸地總面積為 1 114.6 平方公里：香港島 80.7、九龍 46.9、新界及離島 986.9。面積會因填海而輕微改變，故須讀「年底」時點。 香港政府一站通指出，香港由香港島、大嶼山、九龍半島以及新界（包括 261 個面積 500 平方米或以上的島嶼，香港島及大嶼山除外）組成。郊野公園及特別地區約佔土地四成。位於香港島和九龍半島之間的維多利亞港，是深水海港。漁護署海岸公園概述寫海洋總面積約 1 640 平方公里，與陸地總面積分開計算。 行政上，全港劃為十八個區議會分區。這與「香港島／九龍／新界」的地理分區並不完全等同：例如葵青、荃灣在地理上屬新界，但與市區交通及產業高度連接。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/geography --- # 氣候 / Climate Hong Kong has a subtropical climate: hot and humid in summer, cool and dry in winter. Tropical cyclones mainly affect the territory from June to October. GovHK summarises the seasons as follows. January and February are cloudier and sometimes cold. March and April are milder, humid and foggy. May to August is hot and humid with occasional heavy rain and thunderstorms. Tropical cyclones usually occur from June to October. November and December are generally fine, dry and cool. In the 1991–2020 normals, annual mean temperature is 23.5°C and mean annual rainfall is 2,431.2 mm, with more rain in June and August and less in January and December. Recorded rainfall in 2025 was 2,558.7 mm, with an annual mean temperature of 24.3°C. 香港政府一站通對季節的概括如下：一、二月較多雲，間中寒冷；三、四月較和暖，潮濕有霧；五至八月炎熱潮濕，間中大雨和雷暴；熱帶氣旋通常在六至十月出現；十一、十二月普遍天晴乾燥。 1991 至 2020 年正常值中，全年平均氣溫為 23.5°C，平均全年雨量 2 431.2 毫米，雨量以六月和八月較多，一月和十二月較少。2025 年實測全年雨量為 2 558.7 毫米，全年平均氣溫 24.3°C。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/climate --- # 人口 / Population The provisional mid-2026 population estimate is 7,518,300. Change comes from both natural increase or decrease and cross-boundary movement. On 18 August 2026 the Census and Statistics Department released a provisional mid-2026 population of 7,518,300, up 19,400 or 0.3% from 7,498,900 at mid-2025. There was a net inflow of 39,800 Hong Kong residents and a natural decrease of 20,400 (29,700 births and 50,100 deaths). Usual residents numbered 7,252,800 and mobile residents 265,500. The revised end-2025 population is 7,508,700. “Usual residents” and “mobile residents” are official estimate categories. They should not be added to Immigration Department counts of foreign nationals present in Hong Kong on a given day. The 2021 Population Census recorded that 91.6% of the population were Chinese. Population density at mid-2025 was 6,870 persons per km²: Hong Kong Island 14,540, Kowloon 47,780, and the New Territories and Islands 4,250, excluding marine population and reservoir areas. GovHK also lists Immigration Department movement counts at end-2025 for selected nationalities present in Hong Kong: Philippines 195,574, Indonesia 182,215, India 39,587. Those are people in Hong Kong on a given day, not the stock of foreign residents with a right of abode, and they must not be added to census ethnicity figures. District populations come from the Census and Statistics Department district report. In 2025 the land-based non-institutional population was 7,400,500, with a median age of 47 and a sex ratio of 828 males per 1,000 females. The three largest districts were Sha Tin (687,300), Yuen Long (674,500) and Kwun Tong (663,200); the smallest was Wan Chai (160,600). This series excludes institutional and marine populations and must not be subtracted from the mid-year estimate. 政府統計處於 2026 年 8 月 18 日公布：2026 年年中人口臨時估計為 7 518 300，較 2025 年年中的 7 498 900 增加 19 400 人或 0.3%。同期錄得港人淨移入 39 800 人，但自然減少 20 400 人（出生 29 700、死亡 50 100）。居港人口 7 252 800，流動居民 265 500。2025 年年底修訂人口為 7 508 700。 「居港人口」與「流動居民」是官方人口估計的分類，不可與入境處按國籍點算、某一日身在香港的外籍人士數字直接加總。 2021 年人口普查顯示華人佔 91.6%。2025 年年中人口密度為每平方公里 6 870 人：香港島 14 540、九龍 47 780、新界及離島 4 250（不包括水上人口及水塘區域）。 香港政府一站通另列入境處於 2025 年年終按出入境點算、身在香港的部分國籍人士：菲律賓 195 574、印度尼西亞 182 215、印度 39 587。這是特定一天的在港人數，不是持有居留身分的外籍居民總數，也不可與人口普查的種族分類直接加總。 各區議會分區人口以政府統計處《按區議會分區劃分的人口及住戶統計數字》為準。2025 年陸上非住院人口為 7 400 500，年齡中位數 47 歲，性別比率為每千名女性對 828 名男性。人口最多的三區是沙田（687 300）、元朗（674 500）及觀塘（663 200）；最少是灣仔（160 600）。此口徑不包括住院人口及水上人口，與全港年中人口估計不可直接相減。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/population --- # 語文 / Language The official languages are Chinese and English. Cantonese is the usual everyday language; English and Putonghua are widely used in government, the professions and business. In the 2021 Population Census, the usual language of people aged 5 and over was Cantonese 88.2%, English 4.6%, other Chinese dialects 2.8%, Putonghua 2.3%, and other languages 2.1%. Official language and usual language are different measures. Chinese and English are the official languages; census usual-language figures describe home and daily speech. Formal written Chinese in official settings uses Traditional Chinese characters. GovHK also notes that many businesses look for English, Cantonese and Putonghua together. 按 2021 年人口普查，5 歲及以上人口的慣用交談語言：廣東話 88.2%，英語 4.6%，其他中國方言 2.8%，普通話 2.3%，其他語言 2.1%。 「法定語文」與「慣用語言」不是同一件事。中文、英文是官方語文；普查中的慣用語言反映家庭及日常交談。書面中文在官方及正式場合使用繁體字。香港政府一站通亦指出，不少企業需要英語、廣東話和普通話的三語能力。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/language --- # 政制與政府 / Government Under the Basic Law, the Hong Kong SAR practises “one country, two systems”. It has executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. Defence and foreign affairs are the responsibility of the Central Authorities. Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China on 1 July 1997, when the Basic Law came into effect. The Basic Law sets out “one country, two systems”, “Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong”, and a high degree of autonomy, and provides that the previous capitalist system and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50 years. The Chief Executive is the head of the HKSAR and of its Government, chosen by the Election Committee and appointed by the Central People’s Government, and assisted by the Executive Council. The Legislative Council is the legislature. The Eighth Legislative Council has 90 members: 40 from the Election Committee, 30 from functional constituencies and 20 from geographical constituencies, serving from 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2029. Hong Kong has independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. The Court of Final Appeal is the highest court. The court system also includes the High Court (Court of Appeal and Court of First Instance), the District Court, Magistrates’ Courts and other specialist courts. Locally, Hong Kong is divided into 18 districts. The District Administration Scheme began in 1982, with a District Council in each district to help coordinate services and facilities at district level. 1997 年 7 月 1 日香港成為中華人民共和國特別行政區，《基本法》生效。《基本法》以法律形式訂明「一國兩制」、「港人治港」和高度自治，並訂明原有制度和生活方式五十年不變。 行政長官是香港特別行政區及特區政府的首長，由選舉委員會選出、中央人民政府任命，並由行政會議協助決策。立法會是立法機關。第八屆立法會由 90 名議員組成：選舉委員會 40 席、功能界別 30 席、分區直接選舉 20 席，任期 2026 年 1 月 1 日至 2029 年 12 月 31 日。 司法方面，香港享有獨立司法權和終審權，最高上訴法院為終審法院。法院體系包括終審法院、高等法院（上訴法庭及原訟法庭）、區域法院、裁判法院及其他專門法庭。 地方行政方面，全港設十八個區議會分區。地區行政計劃於 1982 年實施，各區設立區議會，以協調地區層面的服務及設施。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/government --- # 經濟 / Economy Hong Kong’s economy is service-based. The Hong Kong dollar is legal tender. The territory is known for free trade and low tax rates, and the mainland of China is its principal trading partner. GovHK (July 2026) lists 2025 GDP at HK$3,329.8 billion, per capita GDP at HK$444,044 and real growth at 3.6%. Hong Kong in Figures 2026 reports GDP at current market prices of HK$3,331.8 billion and per capita GDP of HK$444,302 (both marked as subject to revision). Cite the source and the edition. Where a government summary and the statistical booklet differ slightly, prefer the Census and Statistics Department figure with its technical notes, and keep the “subject to revision” flag. Merchandise imports (c.i.f.) in 2025 were HK$5,686.8 billion and total exports (f.o.b.) HK$5,240.3 billion, for total trade of HK$10,927.1 billion. Imports from the mainland were HK$2,491.8 billion and total exports to the mainland HK$3,128.5 billion. Those figures come from import/export declarations and are not directly comparable with national-accounts trade in goods compiled on the change-of-ownership principle. Services account for 93.6% of GDP at basic prices, and financing and insurance 26.2%. Convertibility undertakings under the Linked Exchange Rate System are HK$7.75–7.85 per US dollar. Labour force, unemployment and civil-service headcount are on the labour topic. 香港政府一站通（2026 年 7 月）列出：2025 年本地生產總值 33,298 億港元，人均 444,044 港元，實質增長 3.6%。政府統計處《香港統計數字一覽2026年版》以當時市價計算的本地生產總值為 33,318 億港元、人均 444,302 港元（標示或會修訂）。 引用時應同時寫來源與版本。政府網站摘要與統計處刊物若有輕微差異，以統計處較完整的技術註釋為準，並註明「或會修訂」。 2025 年商品進口（到岸價）56,868 億港元，整體出口（離岸價）52,403 億港元，貿易總額 109,271 億港元。自中國內地進口 24,918 億港元，對內地整體出口 31,285 億港元。這套數字根據進出口報關單，與國民賬戶按所有權轉移原則編製的貨品貿易不可直接比較。 經濟結構方面，服務業佔以基本價格計算的本地生產總值 93.6%，金融及保險佔 26.2%。聯繫匯率兌換保證為 7.75 至 7.85 港元兌 1 美元。勞動人口、失業率與公務員人數見勞工專題。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/economy --- # 勞工 / Labour In 2025 the labour force was 3.8113 million, the participation rate 57.0% and the unemployment rate 3.7%. There were 170,600 civil servants at year-end. The labour force is the land-based non-institutional population aged 15 and over who are employed or unemployed; inmates of institutions and people living on vessels are excluded. Hong Kong in Figures 2026 gives 3,811.3 thousand in the key-indicators table and 3,811 thousand in the detailed table; GovHK rounds to 3.811 million. This site uses 3,811.3 thousand and records the rounding. The 2025 unemployment rate was 3.7% (139,000 people). The underemployment rate was 1.5% (56,000). The two series must not be added as a “not in full-time work” total. Civil servants are persons employed on civil service terms: 170,600 at end-2025. The count excludes ICAC officers, judicial officers, locally engaged staff in Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices outside Hong Kong, and Non-Civil Service Contract staff. 勞動人口指 15 歲及以上陸上非住院人口中，符合就業或失業定義的人；住院人士及水上居民不包括在內。政府統計處《香港統計數字一覽2026年版》主要指標寫 3 811.3 千人；分表進位為 3 811 千人；香港政府一站通寫 381.1 萬。本站採用主要指標的 3 811.3 千人，並註明進位差異。 2025 年失業率 3.7%，失業人數 139 000；就業不足率 1.5%，就業不足 56 000 人。失業與就業不足不可加總當成「沒有全職工作的人數」。 公務員是按公務員聘用條件受僱的人員，2025 年年底 170 600 人。不包括廉政公署人員、司法人員、駐香港以外地區的香港經濟貿易辦事處當地僱員，以及非公務員合約僱員。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/labour --- # 交通 / Transport Public transport use is high. In 2025, average daily public-transport passenger journeys were about 11.71 million (provisional). Public roads measured 2,269 km. Public transport includes the MTR railway, buses, public light buses, taxis, trams, ferries and other licensed services. The Census and Statistics Department figure is total public-transport journeys, not the ridership of one operator. At end-2025, public roads maintained by the Highways Department measured 2,269 km. There were 813,000 licensed vehicles, including 585,000 private cars — 142,000 electric and 433,000 petrol. Passenger arrivals in 2025 totalled 167.3 million by all modes, including 140.3 million by land, 22.95 million by air and 4.06 million by sea. That is cross-boundary passenger flow, not visitor arrivals. Visitor arrivals in 2025 were 49.895 million. Hong Kong International Airport is at Chek Lap Kok, on northern Lantau in the Islands District. 香港的公共運輸包括鐵路（港鐵）、巴士、專線小巴、的士、電車、渡輪及安老／居民巴士等。政府統計處公布的是「公共交通乘客人次」合計，而不是單一營辦商的載客量。 2025 年年底，路政署維修的公共道路長 2 269 公里。領牌車輛總數 81.3 萬輛，其中私家車 58.5 萬輛；電動私家車 14.2 萬輛，汽油私家車 43.3 萬輛。 客運進出方面，2025 年抵港旅客 1.673 億人次（按交通模式合計，含陸路），其中陸路 1.403 億、空路 2 295 萬、海路 406 萬。這是出入境旅客流量，不是訪港旅遊人數；訪港旅客 2025 年為 4 989.5 萬人次。香港國際機場位於離島區大嶼山北部赤鱲角。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/transport --- # 旅遊 / Tourism Hong Kong recorded 49.895 million visitor arrivals in 2025. Visitor arrivals, total passenger crossings and hotel occupancy are different series and should not be swapped. “Visitor arrivals” is the Census and Statistics Department tourism series. It is not the same as arrivals by mode of transport, which includes returning residents and is much larger. Visitor arrivals in 2025 were 49.895 million, of which 37.834 million were classified under Chinese Mainland nationality/region. After arrival and departure cards were abolished on 16 October 2024, place-of-residence data stopped, and the table switched to nationality/region. At end-2025 there were 333 licensed hotels with 93,472 rooms and a whole-year occupancy rate of 87%. Guesthouses are a separate licence class (1,234 premises, 11,463 rooms, 68% occupancy) and must not be added to hotels as a single accommodation supply. 「訪港旅客」來自政府統計處旅遊統計，計算來港訪問的旅客人次。這與「按交通模式劃分的抵港旅客」不同：後者包含香港居民返港及過關客流，數字會大得多。 2025 年訪港旅客 4 989.5 萬人次，其中按國籍／地區劃分，中國內地為 3 783.4 萬。2024 年 10 月 16 日起取消旅客抵港或離港申報表後，「居住地」數列不再編製，統計處改按國籍／地區分類。 2025 年年底持牌酒店 333 間、93 472 個房間，全年入住率 87%。賓館是另一套牌照（1 234 間、11 463 個房間，入住率 68%），不可與酒店加總當成「住宿供應」。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/tourism --- # 教育 / Education Post-secondary education in Hong Kong runs on several tracks. From 2018/19 the UGC-funded universities have 15,000 first-year-first-degree places and 5,000 senior-year places a year. How jobs map onto those tracks is on the careers pages. Hong Kong in Figures 2026 reports enrolment by level. Figures generally refer to the beginning of the school year, except post-secondary education, which is as at end-December. They cover full-time and part-time students on programmes of at least one year, and exclude tutorial, vocational and adult courses below post-secondary level. In 2025/26: pre-primary 115,300; primary 321,700 (including special schools); secondary 361,400 (provisional, including evening, craft and Yi Jin / Diploma of Applied Education); post-secondary 354,700 (provisional). In 2025, 27.6% of people aged 15 and over held a degree. The Education Bureau describes flexible, multiple-entry and multiple-exit routes. From 2018/19 the eight UGC-funded universities provide 15,000 first-year-first-degree places and 5,000 senior-year places a year. HKDSE holders may apply through JUPAS. UGC-funded universities and VTC also offer publicly funded sub-degree programmes; the self-financing sector runs alongside. The Qualifications Framework references academic, vocational and continuing-education awards. The same occupation often has more than one lawful path — Administrative Officer and Executive Officer II have different degree hurdles; air traffic control can be entered from specified HKDSE subjects. Sourced occupation pages are in the careers index; missing jobs are not invented. 政府統計處《香港統計數字一覽2026年版》按教育程度列出學生人數。除專上教育以該學年 12 月底為準外，其他一般反映學年初。數字包括為期一年或以上的全日制及兼讀制學生，不包括補習班、職業訓練及成人教育課程。 2025/26 學年：學前教育 115 300 人；小學 321 700 人（包括特殊學校）；中學 361 400 人（臨時數字，包括夜校、技工級及毅進／應用教育文憑）；專上教育 354 700 人（臨時數字）。2025 年，15 歲及以上人口具學位程度的佔 27.6%。 教育局專上教育頁指出，途徑是靈活多元、多階進出。由 2018/19 學年起，八所教資會資助大學每年合共提供 15 000 個第一年學士學位學額及 5 000 個高年級學額。持文憑試資歷的學生可經 JUPAS 申請。教資會資助大學及職業訓練局亦提供公帑資助副學位；自資院校與公帑資助界別並行。資歷架構為學術、職業專才及持續教育資歷提供級別參照。 同一職業往往有多於一條合法路徑，例如政務主任與二級行政主任的學歷門檻不同，航空交通管制可以用文憑試指定科目投考。已核對的職業條目見升學就業目錄，未收錄的工種不會填上。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/education --- # 衞生 / Health Provisional 2025 life expectancy at birth was 83.3 years for men and 88.7 years for women. At year-end there were 16,905 registered doctors and 74,767 nurses. Life expectancy and deaths come from vital registration, not hospital throughput. In 2025, registered deaths included 15,075 from malignant neoplasms (rate 200.4 per 100,000), 11,395 from pneumonia (151.4) and 6,594 from heart disease (87.6). The latest complete infant mortality rate in the same booklet is 1.7 per 1,000 live births in 2024; it is not written here as a 2025 figure. Healthcare workforce figures are year-end registered counts. Hospital beds are published in two official series that must not be mixed: 37,142 beds in HA, private and correctional hospitals (4.9 per 1,000, rate provisional) and 32,725 under the OECD definition (4.4 per 1,000, rate provisional), which excludes A&E observation, day and nursery beds. There were 8,797 registered Chinese medicine practitioners, 2,926 dentists and 3,461 pharmacists. 預期壽命與死亡統計來自生命事件登記，不是醫院服務量。2025 年登記死亡中，惡性腫瘤 15 075 人（每十萬名年中人口 200.4），肺炎 11 395 人（151.4），心臟病 6 594 人（87.6）。嬰兒死亡率最新完整年份為 2024 年的每千名活產嬰兒 1.7 人，本站不把該數字寫成 2025 年。 醫護人手以年底註冊人數計算。2025 年年底病床有兩套官方口徑，不可混用：醫管局、私家醫院及懲教院所合共 37 142 張（每千人 4.9，比率臨時）；經合組織定義 32 725 張（每千人 4.4，比率臨時），後者不包括急症室觀察病床、日間病床及育嬰病床。註冊中醫 8 797 人，牙醫 2 926 人，藥劑師 3 461 人。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/health --- # 房屋 / Housing At end-September 2025 there were 3.106 million permanent living quarters. At end-June 2026 there were about 100,500 general public rental housing applications. Quarters and households are different series. At end-September 2025 there were 3,106,000 permanent living quarters: 877,000 public rental (28.2%), 467,000 subsidised sale (15.0%) and 1,762,000 private (56.7%). The Census and Statistics Department warns against comparing quarters with domestic households to infer vacancy. Newly completed residential flats in 2025 numbered 41,700; that is annual completions, not the stock of quarters. A Housing Bureau press release of 13 August 2026 stated that at end-June 2026 there were about 100,500 general public rental housing applications and about 81,000 non-elderly one-person applications under the Quota and Points System. 屋宇單位與住戶是兩套統計。2025 年 9 月底永久性居住屋宇單位 3 106 000 個：公共租住房屋 877 000（28.2%）、資助出售單位 467 000（15.0%）、私人永久性屋宇單位 1 762 000（56.7%）。統計處註明，單位數目不應與家庭住戶數目直接比較以評估空置。2025 年新落成居住單位 41 700 個，是全年落成量，不是存量。 房屋局 2026 年 8 月 13 日公布，截至 2026 年 6 月底，一般出租公屋申請約 100 500 宗，配額及計分制下非長者一人申請約 81 000 宗。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/housing --- # 假期 / Holidays Hong Kong has two holiday lists: gazetted general holidays, and statutory holidays under the Employment Ordinance. In 2026 there are 17 named general holidays plus every Sunday, and 15 statutory holidays. General holidays are made under the General Holidays Ordinance and apply to banks, schools, public offices and government departments. Statutory holidays are made under the Employment Ordinance and apply to employees. The dates are not identical. In 2026, Ching Ming, the Birthday of the Buddha and Chung Yeung fall on Sunday: the statutory holiday remains the festival day, while the general-holiday list moves the substitute to the following day, with a further substitute because the day after Ching Ming is Easter Monday. From 2026, Easter Monday is a statutory holiday. The statutory list will rise stepwise from 15 days to 17 days by 2030. The dated lists on this page come from GovHK and the Labour Department. 公眾假期由《公眾假期條例》規管，銀行、學校、公共機構辦事處及政府部門適用。法定假日由《僱傭條例》規管，適用於僱員。兩份名單日期並不完全相同。例如 2026 年清明節、佛誕、重陽節本身是星期日：法定假日仍記在節日當日；公眾假期則把補假放在翌日，並因清明節翌日碰上復活節星期一而再有增補假期。 2026 年起法定假日新增復活節星期一，由 15 日逐步增至 2030 年的 17 日。完整日期表見本頁列表，來源分別為香港政府一站通及勞工處。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/holidays --- # 環境與能源 / Environment and energy Greenhouse gas emissions were 34,500 kilotonnes of CO₂-e in 2023. Municipal solid waste disposal was 3.847 million tonnes in 2024. Electricity use was 164,433 terajoules in 2025. Environment series lag population statistics. In Hong Kong in Figures 2026 the latest complete greenhouse-gas and air-pollutant year is 2023, marked as subject to revision. In 2023, sulphur dioxide emissions were 3,910 tonnes, nitrogen oxides 52,980 tonnes and PM2.5 2,710 tonnes, including hill fires and rounded to the nearest ten. Municipal solid waste is latest for 2024: 3.847 million tonnes disposed (domestic and C&I waste, excluding construction waste and recovered material) and 2.018 million tonnes of recyclables recovered. Food waste, paper and plastics are major disposal components. Disposal and recovery should not be added as “generation” without the footnotes. Electricity is measured in terajoules. Total use in 2025 was 164,433 TJ: commercial 108,849, domestic 44,471, industrial 10,886, street lighting 227. 環境數字滯後於人口統計。政府統計處《香港統計數字一覽2026年版》最新完整溫室氣體及空氣污染物年份是 2023 年，並註明有更多資料時或會修訂。2023 年二氧化硫排放 3 910 公噸、氮氧化物 52 980 公噸、微細懸浮粒子（PM2.5）2 710 公噸（均含山火，進位至十位）。 都市固體廢物以 2024 年為最新：處置量 384.7 萬公噸（家居及工商業廢物，不包括建築廢物及已回收物料），回收可循環再造物料 201.8 萬公噸。廚餘、紙料、塑料是處置量的主要成分，但不應把處置量與回收量直接加總當成「總產生量」而不讀註釋。 用電量以太焦耳計。2025 年總用電 164 433 太焦耳，其中商業 108 849、住宅 44 471、工業 10 886、街燈 227。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/environment --- # 郊野公園與海岸公園 / Country parks and marine parks Hong Kong has 25 country parks and 22 special areas covering 44,842 hectares, plus 8 marine parks and 1 marine reserve covering 8,517 hectares of sea. The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department manages country parks and special areas under the Country Parks Ordinance. After Robin’s Nest Country Park was designated on 1 March 2024 there are 25 country parks totalling 43,997 hectares. Of 22 special areas, 1,152 hectares inside parks are already in the park total; only the 845 hectares outside parks are added, giving 44,842 hectares combined. GovHK says country parks and special areas cover about 40% of the land; use the AFCD hectare table for the area. Country parks had about 11 million visitors in 2025. AFCD names four long-distance trails: MacLehose Trail from Sai Kung to Tuen Mun; Lantau Trail around Lantau; Hong Kong Trail across five Island country parks; Wilson Trail from Stanley to Nam Chung. Trail lengths, opening hours and fire closures are not copied here until checked park by park. Marine parks are designated under the Marine Parks Ordinance. After North Lantau Marine Park in November 2024 there are 8 marine parks and 1 marine reserve (Cape D’Aguilar), covering 8,517 hectares of sea. Compatible recreation is generally allowed in marine parks and prohibited in the reserve. AFCD states a total sea area of about 1,640 km²; that is not added to land area here. 漁農自然護理署按《郊野公園條例》管理郊野公園及特別地區。紅花嶺郊野公園於 2024 年 3 月 1 日劃定後，郊野公園增至 25 個，面積合計 43 997 公頃。22 個特別地區之中，公園範圍內 1 152 公頃已計入郊野公園面積；公園範圍外 845 公頃才另外加算，故合計 44 842 公頃。香港政府一站通寫郊野公園及特別地區約佔土地四成；精確公頃數以漁護署列表為準。2025 年郊野公園遊人約 1 100 萬人次。 四條長途遠足徑為官方表述：麥理浩徑由西貢至屯門；鳳凰徑環繞大嶼山；港島徑跨越港島五個郊野公園；衞奕信徑由赤柱至南涌。個別路徑長度、開放時間或山火封閉，本站未逐條核對，不填。 海岸公園按《海岸公園條例》指定。北大嶼海岸公園於 2024 年 11 月劃定後，共有 8 個海岸公園及 1 個海岸保護區（鶴咀），海域合計 8 517 公頃。海岸公園容許符合保育理念的康樂活動；海岸保護區禁止康樂活動。漁護署寫香港海洋總面積約 1 640 平方公里，與陸地總面積是兩套數字。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/nature --- # 社會保障 / Social security At end-2025 there were 194,000 CSSA cases and 794,000 Old Age Living Allowance cases. Payment amounts are by financial year and should not be treated as the same period as year-end caseloads. Caseloads in Hong Kong in Figures are year-end; payments are financial-year totals. At end-2025: CSSA 194,000 cases, Disability Allowance 185,000, Old Age Allowance 375,000, Old Age Living Allowance 794,000. CSSA payments in 2024–25 were HK$22.353 billion. The Guangdong and Fujian Schemes are listed separately and are much smaller than the local Old Age Allowance and OALA. This site does not add the schemes together as a headcount of welfare recipients; overlap rules belong in Social Welfare Department texts. 社會保障數字來自政府統計處，個案是年底數字，發放款項是財政年度。2025 年年底：綜援 194 000 宗、傷殘津貼 185 000 宗、高齡津貼 375 000 宗、長者生活津貼 794 000 宗。2024–25 財政年度綜援發放 223.53 億港元。 廣東計劃、福建計劃是另列的長者社會保障安排，個案遠少於在港發放的高齡津貼及長者生活津貼。本站不把各計劃個案加總當成「領取福利總人數」，因為一人一戶定義與重複領取規則要以社會福利署原文為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/welfare --- # 治安 / Law and order In 2025 there were 89,137 reported crimes, an overall rate of 1,189 per 100,000 population. Violent crime numbered 8,823. Reported crimes and arrests are different series. In 2025 there were 89,137 reported crimes (8,823 violent, 80,314 non-violent). The overall rate was 1,189 per 100,000 population and the violent-crime rate 118. Persons arrested numbered 31,082; that rate uses the population aged 10 and over, so it is not comparable with the overall crime rate. Offence-by-offence or district crime tables are not copied until a police statistical table is ingested. 舉報罪案與被捕人數是兩套數字。2025 年舉報罪案 89 137 宗（暴力 8 823、非暴力 80 314），整體罪案率每十萬人 1 189，暴力罪案率 118。犯罪被捕 31 082 人；被捕比率按每十萬名 10 歲及以上人口計算，與整體罪案率分母不同，不可直接對比。 本站不把單一罪名或分區罪案寫上，除非再 ingest 警方分類表。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/crime --- # 法律制度 / Legal system Hong Kong’s legal system is based on the rule of law and judicial independence. The Basic Law is the constitutional framework. It is a common-law system supplemented by statute, distinct from the mainland. The Department of Justice states that the constitutional framework is the Basic Law, enacted by the National People’s Congress under Article 31 of the Chinese Constitution. Under “one country, two systems” the legal system is distinct from the mainland: common law supplemented by statute. Current ordinances are on Hong Kong e-Legislation. The Judiciary hears criminal prosecutions and civil disputes and is wholly independent of the executive and the legislature. The power of final adjudication is vested in the Court of Final Appeal, as covered in the government topic and the Basic Law. Individual cases and full ordinance text are not copied here. 律政司說明：憲制框架來自全國人民代表大會根據《中國憲法》第三十一條制定的《基本法》。根據「一國兩制」，香港法律制度有別於中國內地，以普通法輔以成文法。現行法例可在電子版香港法例查閱。 司法機構負責刑事檢控與民事爭議的審判，司法機關完全獨立於行政和立法機關。終審權屬於香港終審法院，見《基本法》及本站政制專題。本頁不把個別案件或條例條文全文複製。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/legal --- # 文化藝術 / Culture and arts Hong Kong culture blends East and West: Cantonese opera, film, popular music and visual arts develop side by side. West Kowloon, M+ and the Palace Museum are recent cultural anchors. Hong Kong’s cultural ecosystem is supported by government facilities, statutory bodies and civil society. The Leisure and Cultural Services Department runs museums and performance venues; the Arts Development Council (statutory since 1995) funds artists; the West Kowloon Cultural District Authority operates M+ (opened 2021) and the Hong Kong Palace Museum (opened 2022). Cantonese opera was inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009 and is the city’s foremost traditional performing art. Hong Kong cinema shaped the Chinese-speaking world in the late twentieth century; the Hong Kong Film Archive (opened 2001) preserves that heritage. The Hong Kong Museum of Art (founded 1962, moved to its Tsim Sha Tsui home in 1991) was the first public art museum. The Hong Kong Cultural Centre (opened 1989) is the principal performance venue. The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts (established by ordinance in 1984) trains performers. This site records only cultural facilities and institutions with official sources; independent art groups and galleries are not catalogued individually. 香港的文化藝術生態由官方設施、法定機構與民間團體共同支撐。康樂及文化事務署管理多間博物館及表演場地；藝術發展局（1995 年成為法定機構）資助藝團；西九文化區管理局營運 M+（2021 年開放）及香港故宮文化博物館（2022 年開放）。 粵劇於 2009 年列入聯合國教科文組織人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄，是本地最重要的傳統表演藝術。香港電影在二十世紀後半葉影響整個華語世界；香港電影資料館（2001 年開幕）保存電影遺產。 香港藝術館（1962 年成立，1991 年遷入尖沙咀新館）是首間公營美術館。香港文化中心（1989 年開幕）是主要表演場地。香港演藝學院（1984 年依法成立）培訓表演藝術人才。 本站只寫有官方來源嘅文化設施同機構；民間藝團同獨立展覽空間未逐一收錄。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/culture --- # 宗教信仰 / Religion and belief Hong Kong is religiously diverse: Buddhism, Taoism, Protestantism, Catholicism, Islam, Hinduism and others coexist. The Basic Law protects freedom of religious belief. Article 32 of the Basic Law guarantees freedom of religious belief and protects the property, educational and social-service activities of religious organisations. Buddhism and Taoism are the mainstream traditional faiths. Po Lin Monastery on Lantau and the Tian Tan Buddha (completed 1993) are celebrated Buddhist sites; Wong Tai Sin Temple (altar established 1921) is among the busiest Taoist temples, with the first-incense custom at Lunar New Year. Chi Lin Nunnery at Diamond Hill is famed for its Tang-style timber architecture. Protestantism and Catholicism have more than 170 years of history in Hong Kong, with extensive schools, hospitals and social services. The Anglican province, the Catholic Diocese and others run large education and welfare networks. Islam has several mosques serving local and South Asian Muslim communities; Hindu and Sikh temples also serve their congregations. This site records only religious facilities with official or institutional sources; opening hours and ritual arrangements follow each venue’s own announcements. 《基本法》第 32 條保障香港居民有信仰的自由，並保障宗教組織依法享有財產、辦學及社會服務的自由。 佛教同道教係本地傳統信仰嘅主流。寶蓮禪寺（大嶼山）及天壇大佛（1993 年建成）是著名佛教道場；黃大仙祠（1921 年設壇）是香火最盛嘅道教廟宇之一，每年農曆新年上頭炷香是傳統習俗。志蓮淨苑（鑽石山）以仿唐木構建築聞名。 基督教同天主教在香港有超過 170 年歷史，辦學及社會服務網絡龐大。香港聖公會、天主教香港教區等設有大量學校、醫院同社會服務機構。伊斯蘭教有數間清真寺，主要服務本地穆斯林及南亞裔社群。印度教、錫克教等亦有廟宇。 本站只寫有官方或機構來源嘅宗教設施；個別廟宇嘅開放時間同儀式安排以場地公布為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/religion --- # 飲食文化 / Food culture Hong Kong food blends Cantonese tradition with international flavours: dim sum, cha chaan tengs, street snacks, seafood and Michelin-starred restaurants. Restaurant receipts totalled HK$109.6 billion in 2025. Hong Kong food culture is rooted in Cantonese cuisine with influences from around the world. Yum cha (“one pot, two dishes”) is a traditional social ritual; dim sum, roast meats and slow-cooked soups are everyday tastes. The cha chaan teng is a uniquely local dining space — milk tea, pineapple bun with butter and egg tarts are the classics. Street snacks (fish balls, egg waffles, curry squid) show the vitality of everyday eating. Aberdeen typhoon shelter, Lei Yue Mun and Sai Kung are famed for seafood. The Michelin Guide covers Hong Kong annually, spanning street stalls to three-star restaurants. Restaurant receipts totalled HK$109.6 billion in 2025 (Census and Statistics Department). The Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (established 2000) licenses restaurants and manages markets and hawkers. This site records only food statistics and facilities with official sources; individual restaurant reviews are not included. 香港飲食文化以廣東菜為根基，融合各地風味。飲茶（一盅兩件）是傳統社交方式；點心、燒味、老火湯是家常味道。茶餐廳是本地獨有嘅飲食空間，絲襪奶茶、菠蘿油、蛋撻是經典組合。 街頭小食（魚蛋、雞蛋仔、咖喱魷魚）反映市井飲食活力。香港仔避風塘、鯉魚門、西貢以海鮮聞名。米芝蓮指南每年評選香港餐廳，本地有由街頭小食店到三星餐廳嘅完整光譜。 2025 年食肆總收益 1,096 億港元（政府統計處）。食物環境衞生署（2000 年成立）負責食肆牌照、街市及小販管理。 本站只寫有官方來源嘅飲食統計同設施；個別食肆評價唔會收錄。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/food --- # 體育運動 / Sport Horse racing, football, dragon boat racing and cycling are Hong Kong’s most popular sports. Sha Tin Racecourse (opened 1978) is the main turf track; the Hong Kong Velodrome (Tseung Kwan O) hosts indoor cycling. Horse racing is Hong Kong’s most followed sport. Happy Valley Racecourse (racing from the 1840s) was the first track; Sha Tin Racecourse (opened 1978) hosts the main meetings. The Hong Kong Jockey Club is a statutory charity; the season runs from September to July. Football is the most popular team sport, with the Hong Kong Stadium (So Kon Po) as the main venue. Dragon boat racing is a Tuen Ng tradition, with races at Stanley, Sai Kung, Tai O and elsewhere. Cycling has produced notable international results; the Hong Kong Velodrome in Tseung Kwan O has an indoor track. The LCSD manages sports centres, swimming pools and stadiums. Hong Kong athletes have won medals at the Olympics, Asian Games and other international events. This site records only sports facilities and statistics with official sources; individual race or match results are not included. 賽馬是香港最受關注嘅體育活動。跑馬地馬場（1840 年代開始賽馬）是香港首個馬場；沙田馬場（1978 年啟用）是主要賽事場地。香港賽馬會是法定慈善機構，馬季由九月至翌年七月。 足球是本地最受歡迎嘅團體運動，香港大球場（掃桿埔）是主要場地。龍舟競渡是端午節傳統，赤柱、西貢、大澳等地每年舉辦賽事。單車運動近年成績突出，香港單車館（將軍澳）設有室內單車場。 康文署管理多個體育館、游泳池同運動場。香港運動員在奧運、亞運等國際賽事屢獲佳績。 本站只寫有官方來源嘅體育設施同統計；個別賽事結果唔會收錄。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/sports --- # 節慶習俗 / Festivals and customs Hong Kong festivals blend tradition and modernity: Lunar New Year, Tuen Ng, Mid-Autumn and Chung Yeung are the main festivals; the Cheung Chau Bun Festival and Tai Hang Fire Dragon are distinctive local customs. Hong Kong has two holiday systems: general holidays (17 named days plus every Sunday) and statutory holidays (15 days, rising stepwise to 17 by 2030). Lunar New Year, Ching Ming, Tuen Ng, Mid-Autumn and Chung Yeung are the main traditional festivals. The Cheung Chau Bun Festival (bun scrambling and the floating-colours parade) is a distinctive local festival, inscribed on the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2011. The Tai Hang Fire Dragon (around Mid-Autumn) is also nationally listed. Dragon boat races are held at Stanley, Sai Kung and elsewhere at Tuen Ng. Lantern viewing at Mid-Autumn and hill-climbing at Chung Yeung are family customs. Christmas and Easter are widely celebrated, reflecting the city’s East–West blend. The holidays page on this site lists the full 2026 general and statutory holiday dates, sourced from GovHK and the Labour Department. 香港有兩套假期制度：公眾假期（17 日，另加每個星期日）同法定假日（15 日，2026 年起逐步增至 17 日）。農曆新年、清明、端午、中秋、重陽是主要傳統節日。 長洲太平清醮（搶包山、飄色巡遊）是獨特嘅地方節慶，2011 年列入國家級非物質文化遺產。大坑舞火龍（中秋前後）同樣是國家級非遺。端午節龍舟競渡在赤柱、西貢等地舉行。 中秋節賞燈、重陽節登高掃墓是家庭習俗。聖誕節、復活節等西方節日亦廣泛慶祝，反映香港中西文化交融。 本站假期頁列出 2026 年公眾假期同法定假日完整日期表，來源為香港政府一站通及勞工處。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/festivals --- # 建築與城市 / Architecture and the city Hong Kong architecture spans tong lau, walled villages and skyscrapers: with more than 130 buildings over 150 m, the city ranks among the world’s tallest skylines. Hong Kong architecture runs from traditional to modern: walled villages in the New Territories (such as Kat Hing Wai and Fanling Wai) show rural defensive building; pre-war tong lau on the Island and in Kowloon were the early urban housing form; post-war public housing (from the Shek Kip Mei resettlement blocks) shaped the new towns. Modern Hong Kong is known for its towers: IFC, Central Plaza, the ICC and others are landmarks. The HSBC headquarters (1985, by Norman Foster) and the Bank of China Tower (1990, by I. M. Pei) are modern classics. There are 138 declared monuments (as at 30 January 2026, Antiquities and Monuments Office), including temples, walled villages, government buildings and pre-war buildings. The Buildings Department (established 1993) oversees building safety; the Urban Renewal Authority (established 2001) drives urban regeneration. This site records only buildings and monuments with official sources; reviews of individual private buildings are not included. 香港建築史由傳統到現代：新界圍村（如錦田吉慶圍、粉嶺圍）見證鄉村防禦建築；港島及九龍嘅唐樓（戰前騎樓式住宅）是早期城市住宅形態；戰後公共房屋（石硤尾徙置大廈起）塑造新市鎮面貌。 現代香港以摩天大樓聞名：國際金融中心（IFC）、中環中心、環球貿易廣場（ICC）等是地標。匯豐總行大廈（1985 年，Norman Foster 設計）同中銀大廈（1990 年，貝聿銘設計）是現代建築經典。 法定古蹟共 138 項（截至 2026 年 1 月 30 日，古物古蹟辦事處），包括廟宇、圍村、政府建築同戰前樓宇。屋宇署（1993 年成立）負責樓宇安全；市區重建局（2001 年成立）推動市區更新。 本站只寫有官方來源嘅建築同古蹟；個別私人樓宇嘅建築評論唔會收錄。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/architecture --- # 樹木與綠化 / Trees and greening Hong Kong’s urban forest numbers in the hundreds of thousands, but the dense city makes tree management a challenge. The Development Bureau’s Tree Management Office coordinates care; the Register of Old and Valuable Trees records notable old trees. Hong Kong’s tree cover is concentrated in the country parks, but the urban forest is substantial. The Greening, Landscape and Tree Management Section of the Development Bureau (established 2010) coordinates tree management; departments including Highways, LCSD and Lands manage trees in their own areas. The Register of Old and Valuable Trees is maintained by the Tree Management Office. It records trees of 100 years or older, or of particular value, which receive special protection and may not be felled without permission. Urban trees face particular challenges: limited growing space, typhoon damage and pests such as brown root rot disease. Super Typhoon Mangkhut in 2018 felled tens of thousands of trees across the city, exposing weaknesses in urban tree management. Common street trees include Chinese banyan (Ficus microcarpa), flame of the forest and kapok. The Chinese banyan is the city’s most familiar street tree, with century-old specimens in older districts. Tree preservation often conflicts with development: retaining old trees in new development areas is a recurring policy issue. The Development Bureau publishes annual tree-risk management reports. This site records only tree policy and statistics with official sources; individual tree locations and conditions follow the Tree Register. 香港嘅樹木覆蓋主要喺郊野公園（約佔土地四成），但市區綠化同樣重要。發展局綠化、園境及樹木管理組（2010 年成立）統籌全港樹木管理；各部門（路政署、康文署、地政總署）負責各自範圍嘅樹木。 古樹名木名錄由發展局樹木辦管理，收錄直徑 1 米以上、或高度 25 米以上、或樹齡超過 100 年嘅樹木。呢啲樹木受特別保護，未經許可不得砍伐。 市區樹木面對嘅挑戰包括：生長空間有限、颱風損害、病蟲害（如褐根病）。2018 年超強颱風山竹令全港數以萬計樹木倒塌，暴露市區樹木管理嘅問題。 常見市區樹種包括細葉榕、鳳凰木、宮粉羊蹄甲、木棉、白蘭等。細葉榕係香港最常見嘅市區樹，喺舊區街道常見百年老榕。 樹木保育同城市發展經常衝突：新發展區嘅樹木保育、市區重建中嘅老樹保留，係持續嘅政策議題。發展局每年公布樹木風險管理報告。 本站只寫有官方來源嘅樹木政策同統計；個別樹木嘅位置同健康狀況以樹木辦名錄為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/trees --- # 歷史建築 / Historic buildings Hong Kong has 138 declared monuments (as at January 2026) and more than a thousand graded historic buildings. The Antiquities and Monuments Office runs three heritage trails. Hong Kong protects historic buildings through two systems. Under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance (1976), the Antiquities Authority may declare a place a monument, giving it statutory protection against alteration. As at 30 January 2026 there were 138 declared monuments, including temples (Man Mo Temple, 1847), walled villages (Sam Tung Uk, 1786), government buildings (the former Supreme Court) and military relics (Lei Yue Mun forts). Beyond monuments, the Historic Building Assessment Scheme grades more than a thousand buildings into Grades 1, 2 and 3. Grading is not statutory protection but is a material planning consideration. The AMO runs three heritage trails: the Central and Western District Trail, the Ping Shan Heritage Trail (1993) and the Lung Yeuk Tau Heritage Trail (1999). The Revitalising Historic Buildings Through Partnership Scheme (from 2008) leases government-owned historic buildings to non-profit operators: Mei Ho House became a youth hostel, the Old Tai Po Police Station became Green Hub. This site records only monuments and graded buildings with official sources; the conservation status of individual private buildings follows AMO announcements. 香港嘅歷史建築保護制度由《古物及古蹟條例》（1976 年實施）建立。古物事務監督可宣布某地方為法定古蹟，受法律保護，不得改動。截至 2026 年 1 月 30 日，全港有 138 項法定古蹟。 法定古蹟包括：廟宇（文武廟 1847、銅鑼灣天后廟）、圍村（三棟屋 1786）、政府建築（舊最高法院、前法國外方傳道會大樓）、軍事遺蹟（鯉魚門炮台）同戰前樓宇（雷生春 1931）。 除法定古蹟外，古蹟辦按歷史建築評級制度將建築分為一級、二級、三級歷史建築。評級唔係法定保護，但係規劃時會考慮。全港已評級歷史建築超過 1,000 項。 古蹟辦設三條文物徑：中西區文物徑（中環至上環）、屏山文物徑（元朗屏山，1993 年設立）、龍躍頭文物徑（粉嶺龍躍頭，1999 年設立）。 活化歷史建築夥伴計劃（2008 年起）將政府歷史建築交畀非牟利機構活化再用，例如美荷樓（青年旅舍）、綠匯學苑（舊大埔警署）。 本站只寫有官方來源嘅古蹟同評級建築；個別私人建築嘅保育狀況以古蹟辦公布為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/heritage --- # 消失嘅地方 / Vanished places Hong Kong has lost many landmarks to change: Kai Tak Airport, the Kowloon Walled City, the Jumbo Floating Restaurant, Wedding Card Street — places that survive only in memory and photographs. Hong Kong has lost many landmarks to redevelopment. Recording vanished places preserves the city’s memory. **Kai Tak Airport (1925–1998)**: once among the world’s busiest airports, with a runway projecting into Victoria Harbour and aircraft skimming Kowloon City rooftops. Closed on 6 July 1998; the site is now the Kai Tak development. **Kowloon Walled City**: a Qing-era fort that became an ungoverned enclave and one of the densest places on earth. Demolished in 1993; the site is now Kowloon Walled City Park. **Jumbo Floating Restaurant**: the iconic floating restaurant at Aberdeen, which left Hong Kong in 2022 and capsized in the South China Sea. **Lee Tung Street (Wedding Card Street)**: Wan Chai’s wedding-printing street, rebuilt in the 2000s under urban renewal. **Queen’s Pier**: the Central pier moved in 2006 for reclamation, becoming a symbol of the conservation movement. **Old Central Market**: a 1939 Bauhaus-style market, closed in 2003 and revitalised in 2011. **Tai Hom Village**: the large Diamond Hill squatter area, cleared in 2001. This site records vanished places to preserve urban memory. Each entry notes when and why it disappeared, sourced from official documents or reliable reporting. 香港係全球變化最快嘅城市之一，好多曾經嘅地標已經消失。記錄呢啲消失嘅地方，係理解城市變遷嘅重要方式。 **啟德機場（1925–1998）**：曾經是全球最繁忙機場之一，跑道伸入維多利亞港，飛機降落時掠過九龍城樓頂。1998 年 7 月 6 日關閉，原址發展為啟德新區。 **九龍寨城**：清代築城，1899 年後成為「三不管」地帶，1993 年清拆。曾經係全球人口密度最高嘅地方之一，原址現為九龍寨城公園。 **珍寶海鮮舫**：香港仔避風塘嘅標誌性海上餐廳，2022 年離港後在南海沉沒。 **利東街（喜帖街）**：灣仔婚嫁印刷品店舖集中地，2000 年代市區重建後原貌消失，重建為住宅。 **皇后碼頭**：中環天星碼頭旁嘅公眾碼頭，2006 年因填海搬遷，是保育運動嘅標誌性爭議。 **舊中環街市**：1939 年建成嘅包浩斯風格街市，2003 年停用，2011 年活化重開。 **大磡村**：鑽石山大型寮屋區，2001 年清拆。 本站記錄呢啲消失嘅地方，係為咗保存城市記憶。每個條目都註明消失嘅時間同原因，來源為官方文件或可靠報道。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/lost-places --- # 都市傳說與民間故事 / Urban legends and folklore Hong Kong has a rich stock of urban legends and folklore. This site records them as cultural phenomena, not as fact. Urban legends are part of a city’s culture, reflecting people’s fears, hopes and imagination. This site records them as **cultural phenomena**, clearly labelled as folklore rather than verified fact. **High Street Haunted House** (Sai Ying Pun): the former nurses’ quarters of the Government Civil Hospital (built 1892), later a mental-health facility. It is Hong Kong’s most famous “haunted house” in popular culture. **Ta Teh Institute** (Tuen Mun): a left-leaning college founded in 1946 and closed by the colonial government in 1949. Its abandoned campus became a setting for urban legends. **MTR ghost stories**: legends attached to stations from the 1970s onward, including the famous “Choi Hung” tales. **Bride’s Pool** (Tai Po): named for a folk tale of a bridal sedan falling into the pool. **Paper-effigy shops, Tai Ping Shan Street**: the funeral-goods shops of Sheung Wan’s Tai Ping Shan Street. This site records urban legends to preserve cultural memory. Every entry is labelled as folklore and is never mixed into the statistics or history sections, which carry only sourced facts. 都市傳說係城市文化嘅一部分，反映市民嘅恐懼、希望同想像。本站記錄呢啲傳說作為**文化現象**，並明確標示佢哋係民間故事，唔係經核實嘅事實。 **高街鬼屋**（西營盤）：前身係國家醫院嘅護士宿舍（1892 年建成），日佔時期傳說有處決。現為精神康復設施，係香港最著名嘅「鬼屋」傳說之一。 **達德學院**（屯門）：1946 年創辦嘅左派院校，1949 年被港府關閉。校舍荒廢後成為都市傳說場景。 **地鐵靈異傳說**：1970 年代地鐵施工期間嘅工業意外，衍生多個車站嘅靈異傳說，最著名係彩虹站「七彩站」傳說。 **新娘潭**（大埔）：相傳有新娘花轎翻覆墜潭嘅民間故事，地名由此而來。 **太平山街紙紮店**：上環太平山街一帶嘅紙紮品店，與喪葬習俗相關，衍生多個都市傳說。 **重要聲明**：本站記錄都市傳說係為咗保存文化記憶，唔代表本站確認任何超自然現象。所有傳說都標明係「民間故事」，唔會當成事實寫入統計或歷史部分。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/folklore --- # 歷史 / History The history timeline records only dated milestones from official texts: the Yearbook history chapter, DOJ Basic Law, LegCo’s timeline, HKMA, AMO, the Airport Authority, and official highways/railway fact sheets. Hong Kong Story is not a folklore encyclopaedia and does not treat academic disputes as settled fact. Archaeology, treaties, wartime and handover, legislature evolution, monetary regimes, declared monuments and airport milestones are taken from official texts only. Archaeology: the yearbook states shoreline finds spanning more than 6,000 years. The AMO supplies current heritage counts: 138 declared monuments as at 30 January 2026; 208 sites of archaeological interest from two territory-wide surveys; three AMO heritage trails. The Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance came into force in 1976. Treaty nodes include Possession Point (26 January 1841), the Treaty of Nanking (29 August 1842), the 1860 cession of Kowloon, and the 9 June 1898 New Territories lease. Legislature milestones follow LegCo’s official timeline from 1843 through elected arrangements and seat expansions. Monetary history follows HKMA milestones from the 1863 silver standard through the 17 October 1983 Linked Exchange Rate System and the May 2005 convertibility zone. Aviation milestones follow the Airport Authority About timeline, including the 6 July 1998 Chek Lap Kok opening. Transport milestones follow GovHK Highways, TD tunnels and the TLB Railway Network sheet. Waterworks milestones follow WSD; public housing includes the Housing Authority’s April 1973 establishment; CUHK’s founding ceremony of 17 October 1963 is taken from the University Gallery. Historical population roundings in the yearbook are labelled as narrative estimates and must not be mixed with the current C&SD mid-year series. Current country-park counts follow AFCD. 香港誌不做民間傳說百科，也不把學術爭論當成定論。考古年代、條約日期、戰爭與回歸、立法機關演變、貨幣制度、法定古蹟與機場里程，一律對回官方原文。 考古方面，年報寫沿岸遺蹟證明古代人類活動可追溯至六千多年前；青銅器約於公元前一千五百年出現。秦漢南征、唐代灰窰、宋末相關石刻與窖藏，屬年報已列的遺蹟敘述，本站不另行推算人口或戰爭傷亡。古物古蹟辦事處則提供現行保育數字：截至 2026 年 1 月 30 日共 138 項法定古蹟；兩次全港考古調查確認 208 個具考古研究價值地點；辦事處設立中西區、屏山、龍躍頭三條文物徑。《古物及古蹟條例》於 1976 年實施。 近代條約節點包括：1841 年 1 月 26 日水坑口升旗、1842 年 8 月 29 日《南京條約》、1860 年《北京條約》割讓九龍、1898 年 6 月 9 日新界九十九年租約。立法機關節點對立法會官方時間線：1843 年成立、1850 年首批非官守議員、1880 年首位華人非官守議員、1985 中間接選舉、1991 年直選、1995 年全面選舉產生的立法機關，以至 2012／2022 年議席數目。 貨幣史對金管局「貨幣政策改革的里程」與金管局簡介：1863 年銀本位、1935 年與英鎊掛鈎、1972–74 年美元掛鈎與浮動、1983 年 10 月 17 日聯繫匯率、1993 年 4 月 1 日金管局成立，以及 2005 年 5 月 7.75–7.85 兌換保證區間。民航史對機場管理局：1911 年首次動力飛行、1930 年啟德開放、1998 年 7 月 6 日赤鱲角啓用、2022 年 11 月第三跑道。交通基建對《香港便覽：道路設施》、運輸署隧道資料及運輸及物流局《鐵路網絡》：1904 年電車、1910 年東鐵、1967 年獅子山隧道、1972 年 8 月海底隧道、1979 年年底觀塘線載客、1989 年東區海底隧道、1997 年西隧與青嶼幹線、2007 年兩鐵合併、2018 年高鐵香港段與港珠澳大橋。 水務對水務署里程：1851 年公井、1863 年薄扶林水塘、1883 年起大潭計劃、1957 年海水沖廁、1960／1965 年東江供水、1968 年船灣淡水湖、1978 年萬宜水庫。公屋制度節點除石硤尾大火外，另收房委會 1973 年 4 月成立。高等教育另收港大（年報 1911）、中大校史館 1963 年 10 月 17 日、科大圖書館校史 1991 年 10 月 10 日開校、理大／浸大／城大 1994 年大學名銜、嶺南 1999 年 7 月起正名、教院 1994 年成立及 2016 年正名為教大。另收貿發局 1966、入境處 1961-08-04、廉署／法定語文 1974-02-15、消委會 1974-04、環保署 1986-04-01、證監會 1989-05、醫管局 1990-12-01、機管局 1995-12-01、終審法院 1997-07-01、強積金 2000-12-01、西鐵 2003-12-20、迪士尼 2005-09-12。 戰時與前途：1941 年 12 月 8 日日軍進攻，佔領三年八個月；石硤尾 1953 年聖誕大火為公營房屋起點；1984 年 12 月 19 日《中英聯合聲明》；《基本法》1990 年 4 月 4 日公布，1997 年 7 月 1 日特區成立時實施。 年報內的歷史人口約數會標明「年報估計／敘述」，不可與統計處現行年中人口估計混用。郊野公園現行數目以漁護署列表為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/topics/history --- # Eighteen districts ## 中西區 / Central and Western District code: A. Region: 香港島 / Hong Kong Island. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 229 000 (male 95 600, female 133 400). Median age 44. Sex ratio 717 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 125 100; LFPR 60.1%. Median monthly household income 45000 (all households). Central and Western covers the historic core on the south shore of Victoria Harbour. Central is the principal business district; Admiralty contains government headquarters and the Legislative Council Complex. The district continues west through Sheung Wan, Sai Ying Pun and Kennedy Town, with Mid-Levels on the slope and Victoria Peak at the top. 中西區涵蓋維多利亞港南岸的歷史核心。中環是主要商業區，金鐘一帶集中政府總部及立法會綜合大樓；向西經上環、西營盤至堅尼地城，山腰為半山區，最高處為太平山。 Localities (not exhaustive): Central, Admiralty, Sheung Wan, Sai Ying Pun, Shek Tong Tsui, Kennedy Town, Mid-Levels, The Peak 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 中環、金鐘、上環、西營盤、石塘咀、堅尼地城、半山區、山頂 Geography: Central and Western occupies the north-western corner of Hong Kong Island, facing Victoria Harbour, with Victoria Peak (552 m) rising behind. The terrain drops steeply from the Peak through Mid-Levels to the northern shoreline, which runs from Central and Admiralty through Sheung Wan, Sai Ying Pun, Shek Tong Tsui and Kennedy Town. History: British forces landed at Possession Point on 26 January 1841, making this the birthplace of colonial Hong Kong, with Central as the earliest core. Man Mo Temple in Sheung Wan dates from 1847 and is among the city’s oldest temples. The University of Hong Kong was founded on Bonham Road in 1911. The Government Hill area has remained the seat of government: the Central Government Offices, Legislative Council Complex and Government House all lie in Admiralty. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Sai Wan Estate, Belcher’s Bay residences, Regency Centre, Grandview Garden, Dynasty Court, Tregunter Tower, Hill Paramount, La Brizz, Skylight 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 西環邨、寶翠園、雍景臺、嘉兆臺、帝景園、地利根德閣、曉峰閣、浪琴園、殷然 Transport: The Island Line serves Sheung Wan, Central, Admiralty, Sai Ying Pun, HKU and Kennedy Town; the Tung Chung Line and Airport Express terminate at Hong Kong Station. Central Piers provide ferries to the outlying islands. The elevated Central walkway network links the main commercial buildings, and trams run along Des Voeux Road and Queen’s Road. Landmarks (not exhaustive): International Finance Centre (IFC), Central Plaza, Hong Kong Observation Wheel, Central Market, Tai Kwun (Central Police Station compound), Man Mo Temple, Government House, Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens, The Peak Tower, Victoria Peak, HKU Main Building, Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum 地標（非完整地名錄）: 國際金融中心（IFC）、中環中心、香港摩天輪、中環街市、大館（中區警署建築群）、文武廟、禮賓府、香港動植物公園、山頂凌霄閣、太平山山頂、香港大學本部大樓、孫中山紀念館 Economy: Central is the heart of Hong Kong’s international financial centre, with banks, insurers, law, accountancy and professional services concentrated around IFC, Central Plaza and Exchange Square. Admiralty combines the government quarter with Grade-A offices. Sheung Wan and Sai Ying Pun are largely small shops and restaurants, and the western end of the district has become a residential and dining hotspot in recent years. 經濟: 中環是國際金融中心核心，匯聚銀行、保險、法律、會計與專業服務；國際金融中心、中環中心及交易廣場是甲級寫字樓集中地。金鐘有政府總部及立法會，亦為商業區。上環、西營盤一帶以中小型商舖及餐廳為主，西環近年成為住宅與餐飲熱點。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/central-western ## 灣仔 / Wan Chai District code: B. Region: 香港島 / Hong Kong Island. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 160 600 (male 64 700, female 95 900). Median age 46. Sex ratio 675 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 92 200; LFPR 62.7%. Median monthly household income 43300 (all households). Wan Chai grew from a harbour-side settlement into a mixed commercial, exhibition and residential district. It includes the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, the Causeway Bay shopping area, and Happy Valley Racecourse. 灣仔區由早年的海旁聚落發展成商業、會展與住宅混雜的市區。區內有香港會議展覽中心、銅鑼灣購物區，以及跑馬地馬場。 Localities (not exhaustive): Wan Chai, Causeway Bay, Happy Valley, Tai Hang, So Kon Po 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 灣仔、銅鑼灣、跑馬地、大坑、掃桿埔 Geography: Wan Chai sits on the central-northern shore of Hong Kong Island, comprising Wan Chai, Causeway Bay, Happy Valley, Tai Hang and So Kon Po. Much of the district is reclaimed land: successive reclamations since the 1850s created the waterfront on which the Convention and Exhibition Centre now stands. History: Wan Chai began as a small harbour-side settlement — its name means “little bay”. Happy Valley hosted the first horse racing in the 1840s and remains the city’s turf course. So Kon Po contains the Hong Kong Stadium, the territory’s main football and athletics venue. Lee Tung Avenue was known as “Wedding Card Street” for its printing shops; it was rebuilt in the 2000s but keeps a festive character. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Lai Tak Tsuen, Teng Huang Ju, Convention Plaza Apartments, Shiu Fai Terrace, Villa Lotto, Beverly Hill 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 勵德邨、騰皇居、會景閣、肇輝臺、樂陶苑、比華利山 Transport: The Island Line serves Wan Chai, Causeway Bay and Tin Hau; the East Rail line was extended across the harbour in 2022 to Exhibition Centre station. Trams run along Johnston Road and Hennessy Road. The Cross-Harbour Tunnel’s island portal opens in northern Wan Chai. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Golden Bauhinia Square, Blue House, Lee Tung Avenue, Happy Valley Racecourse, Hong Kong Stadium, Hong Kong Arts Centre 地標（非完整地名錄）: 香港會議展覽中心、金紫荊廣場、灣仔藍屋、利東街、跑馬地馬場、香港大球場、香港藝術中心 Economy: The HKCEC hosts major fairs such as the Book Fair and the Brands and Products Expo. Lockhart Road and Jaffe Road are lined with offices and hotels; Causeway Bay is a leading retail district, anchored by Times Square and Sogo. 經濟: 灣仔北會議展覽中心是大型展覽與會議場地，每年舉辦書展、工展會等大型活動。駱克道、謝斐道一帶有商業大廈及酒店群，銅鑼灣則以零售購物見稱，時代廣場及崇光百貨是地標商場。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/wan-chai ## 東區 / Eastern District code: C. Region: 香港島 / Hong Kong Island. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 503 000 (male 220 500, female 282 600). Median age 50. Sex ratio 780 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 260 000; LFPR 56.3%. Median monthly household income 33400 (all households). The Eastern District follows the northern shore of Hong Kong Island eastward, from the commercial-residential belt of North Point and Quarry Bay to older urban neighbourhoods such as Shau Kei Wan and Chai Wan. Quarry Bay contains a large cluster of offices. 東區沿港島北岸向東伸延，由北角、鰂魚涌的商業與住宅帶，到筲箕灣、柴灣等較早發展的市鎮。鰂魚涌一帶集中不少企業辦公室。 Localities (not exhaustive): North Point, Quarry Bay, Tai Koo, Sai Wan Ho, Shau Kei Wan, Chai Wan, Siu Sai Wan 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 北角、鰂魚涌、太古、西灣河、筲箕灣、柴灣、小西灣 Geography: The Eastern District follows the northern shore of Hong Kong Island eastward from North Point and Quarry Bay through Tai Koo, Sai Wan Ho, Shau Kei Wan, Chai Wan and Siu Sai Wan, ending at the Lei Yue Mun Strait. The land rises southward to Mount Parker and Tai Tam Gap. History: Chai Wan was an early industrial area. The Taikoo Sugar Refinery, whose history dates to the 1880s, once stood where Taikoo Shing now lies. North Point absorbed Shanghai and Fujian migrants after the war and was nicknamed “Little Shanghai” and “Little Fujian”. Shau Kei Wan is one of the oldest fishing settlements on the island, with a Tin Hau temple over 200 years old. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Chai Wan Estate, Hing Wah Estate, Yue Wan Estate, Wan Tsui Estate, Yiu Tung Estate, Hing Tung Estate, Taikoo Shing, Kornhill, Heng Fa Chuen, Grand Promenade, Harbour Glow, Aldrich Garden 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 柴灣邨、興華邨、漁灣邨、環翠邨、耀東邨、興東邨、太古城、康怡花園、杏花邨、嘉亨灣、維港頌、鯉景灣 Transport: The Island and Tseung Kwan O lines interchange at North Point and Quarry Bay. The Island Line continues through Tai Koo, Sai Wan Ho, Shau Kei Wan and Heng Fa Chuen to Chai Wan. The tram network’s eastern terminus is at Shau Kei Wan. Island Eastern Corridor is the main expressway through the district, linking Central and the Eastern Harbour Crossing. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Taikoo Place, Cityplaza, North Point Ferry Pier, Island Eastern Corridor, Siu Sai Wan Sports Ground, Lei Yue Mun Park and Holiday Village, Chai Wan Park, Quarry Bay Municipal Services Building, Harbour North mall 地標（非完整地名錄）: 太古坊、太古城中心、北角碼頭、東區走廊、小西灣運動場、鯉魚門公園及度假村、柴灣公園、鰂魚涌市政大廈、北角匯 Economy: Taikoo Place and Cityplaza form the main business core of island east, housing multinational offices. North Point and Chai Wan mix older residential and industrial districts. The Chai Wan industrial belt retains logistics and manufacturing activity, while North Point is predominantly residential with neighbourhood commerce. 經濟: 鰂魚涌太古坊及太古中心是港島東主要商業核心，匯聚跨國企業辦公室。北角、柴灣有傳統工商業及住宅區。柴灣工業區仍有物流及製造業活動，北角則以住宅及民生商業為主。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/eastern ## 南區 / Southern District code: D. Region: 香港島 / Hong Kong Island. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 251 500 (male 109 300, female 142 200). Median age 49. Sex ratio 768 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 134 900; LFPR 58.7%. Median monthly household income 36000 (all households). The Southern District faces the South China Sea. It includes the Aberdeen harbour, Ap Lei Chau, and coastal areas such as Repulse Bay, Stanley and Shek O, as well as the changing industrial-commercial belt of Wong Chuk Hang. 南區面向南中國海，包含香港仔漁港、鴨脷洲，以及淺水灣、赤柱、石澳等海灘與郊野。區內亦有黃竹坑等正在轉變中的工商地帶。 Localities (not exhaustive): Aberdeen, Ap Lei Chau, Wong Chuk Hang, Shouson Hill, Repulse Bay, Stanley, Shek O 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 香港仔、鴨脷洲、黃竹坑、壽臣山、淺水灣、赤柱、石澳 Geography: The Southern District covers the whole south side of Hong Kong Island, facing the South China Sea. It includes Aberdeen, Ap Lei Chau, Wong Chuk Hang, Shouson Hill, Repulse Bay, Stanley and Shek O. Ap Lei Chau is one of the most densely populated islands in the world. History: The name “Hong Kong” may derive from the incense and fishing settlement around Aberdeen. Stanley hosted a British garrison and early foreign merchants in the colonial period. The Aberdeen typhoon shelter remains a traditional anchorage for local boats. The Tai Tam reservoir group, completed in stages from 1888, is among the earliest major waterworks in the territory. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Wah Fu Estate, Wah Kwai Estate, Tin Wan Estate, Shek Pai Wan Estate, South Horizons, Aberdeen Centre, Hong Kong Parkview, Repulse Bay Apartments, South Crest 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 華富邨、華貴邨、田灣邨、石排灣邨、海怡半島、香港仔中心、陽明山莊、淺水灣花園大廈、南灣 Transport: The South Island Line runs from Admiralty through Ocean Park, Wong Chuk Hang and Lei Tung to South Horizons. Aberdeen Tunnel and Pok Fu Lam Road are the main links to the northern shore. Bus termini serve Aberdeen and Stanley. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Ocean Park, Aberdeen Typhoon Shelter, Murray House (Stanley), Repulse Bay Beach, Shek O, Tai Tam Reservoirs, Aberdeen Tin Hau Temple, Southern District waterfront promenade, Cape D'Aguilar Marine Reserve 地標（非完整地名錄）: 海洋公園、香港仔避風塘、赤柱美利樓、淺水灣泳灘、石澳、大潭水塘、香港仔天后廟、南區海濱長廊、鶴咀海岸保護區 Economy: Wong Chuk Hang is transforming from a traditional industrial zone into a commercial and residential area, with new malls and offices around the MTR station. Aberdeen retains fishing and seafood dining; Ap Lei Chau has large housing estates and a market. Repulse Bay and Stanley are mainly tourism and dining areas. 經濟: 黃竹坑正由傳統工業區轉型為商業及住宅區，港鐵站周邊有新商場及寫字樓。香港仔保留漁業與海產餐飲，鴨脷洲有大型住宅及街市。淺水灣、赤柱以旅遊及餐飲為主。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/southern ## 油尖旺 / Yau Tsim Mong District code: E. Region: 九龍 / Kowloon. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 296 800 (male 132 100, female 164 700). Median age 45. Sex ratio 802 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 164 400; LFPR 61.6%. Median monthly household income 30300 (all households). Yau Tsim Mong occupies the south-west of the Kowloon Peninsula. Tsim Sha Tsui faces Victoria Harbour; Mong Kok and Yau Ma Tei are high-density commercial and residential areas. The district contains several major cross-harbour transport hubs. 油尖旺位於九龍半島西南，尖沙咀面向維多利亞港，旺角與油麻地是高密度商業及住宅區。區內有多個主要過海交通樞紐。 Localities (not exhaustive): Yau Ma Tei, Tsim Sha Tsui, Mong Kok, Jordan, Tai Kok Tsui, Prince Edward 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 油麻地、尖沙咀、旺角、佐敦、大角咀、太子 Geography: Yau Tsim Mong occupies the south-west of the Kowloon Peninsula, facing Victoria Harbour. It comprises Yau Ma Tei, Tsim Sha Tsui, Mong Kok, Jordan, Tai Kok Tsui and Prince Edward. The district is mostly reclaimed, high-density urban land, bordering Sham Shui Po to the north. History: Tsim Sha Tsui was the earliest developed port area of Kowloon. The former Kowloon–Canton Railway terminus opened in 1916; its clock tower is an icon, and the station was later replaced by the Cultural Centre after services moved to Hung Hom. Mong Kok is among the most densely populated areas in Hong Kong and was already a commercial district by the 1930s. The Yau Ma Tei typhoon shelter and Temple Street preserve the district’s market culture. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Hoi Fu Court, Island Harbourview, Central Park, The Arch, Sorrento, The Waterfront, The Cullinan, Grand Austin 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 海富苑、維港灣、帝柏海灣、凱旋門、擎天半島、漾日居、天璽、Grand Austin Transport: The Tsuen Wan Line serves Tsim Sha Tsui, Jordan, Yau Ma Tei and Mong Kok; the Kwun Tong and East Rail lines pass through Prince Edward and Mong Kok East; the Tuen Ma Line stops at Austin and East Tsim Sha Tsui. Tung Chung Line, Airport Express and the West Kowloon high-speed rail terminus cluster around Kowloon Station. The Star Ferry links Tsim Sha Tsui pier with Central and Wan Chai. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Hong Kong Space Museum, Hong Kong Cultural Centre, Hong Kong Museum of Art, Tsim Sha Tsui Clock Tower, Avenue of Stars, Harbour City, K11 MUSEA, Langham Place, Temple Street, Ladies’ Market, Kowloon Park, West Kowloon Cultural District, 1881 Heritage 地標（非完整地名錄）: 香港太空館、香港文化中心、香港藝術館、尖沙咀鐘樓、星光大道、海港城、K11 MUSEA、朗豪坊、廟街、女人街、九龍公園、西九文化區、1881 heritage Economy: Tsim Sha Tsui is the tourism and shopping core, anchored by Harbour City and K11 MUSEA; the West Kowloon Cultural District is a major cultural hub in development. Mong Kok is known for retail, electronics and street markets. Jordan and Yau Ma Tei are dominated by small shops and neighbourhood commerce. 經濟: 尖沙咀是旅遊與購物核心，海港城及 K11 MUSEA 是大型商場；西九文化區是重點文化設施。旺角以零售、電子產品及小販市場見稱。佐敦、油麻地則以中小型商舖及民生商業為主。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/yau-tsim-mong ## 深水埗 / Sham Shui Po District code: F. Region: 九龍 / Kowloon. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 429 800 (male 195 800, female 233 900). Median age 47. Sex ratio 837 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 219 500; LFPR 57.1%. Median monthly household income 25000 (all households). Sham Shui Po lies in north-west Kowloon and includes Sham Shui Po, Cheung Sha Wan, Lai Chi Kok and Shek Kip Mei. Shek Kip Mei is closely tied to the history of public housing in Hong Kong; Cheung Sha Wan contains large industrial, commercial and logistics facilities. 深水埗區在九龍西北，包含深水埗、長沙灣、荔枝角及石硤尾等地。石硤尾與香港公共房屋發展史關係密切；長沙灣一帶則有大型工商及物流設施。 Localities (not exhaustive): Sham Shui Po, Cheung Sha Wan, Lai Chi Kok, Shek Kip Mei, Yau Yat Tsuen, Stonecutters Island 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 深水埗、長沙灣、荔枝角、石硤尾、又一村、昂船洲 Geography: Sham Shui Po lies in north-west Kowloon, comprising Sham Shui Po, Cheung Sha Wan, Lai Chi Kok, Shek Kip Mei, Yau Yat Tsuen and Stonecutters Island. It is bounded to the north by Beacon Hill and Lion Rock, and faces the Kwai Tsing container port across the Rambler Channel. History: The Eastern Han brick tomb found near Li Uk and Cheng Uk villages in 1955 shows settlement here more than 1,800 years ago. The Shek Kip Mei fire of December 1953 destroyed squatter huts and led to the first resettlement blocks — the origin of Hong Kong’s public housing system. Sham Shui Po was an early textile and garment manufacturing centre; Cheung Sha Wan and Lai Chi Kok still hold industrial-commercial buildings. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Shek Kip Mei Estate, Tai Hang Tung Estate, Nam Shan Estate, Pak Tin Estate, Cheung Sha Wan Estate, Lai Kok Estate, Fortune Estate, Fu Cheong Estate, Mei Foo Sun Chuen, Banyan Garden, Liberte 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 石硤尾邨、大坑東邨、南山邨、白田邨、長沙灣邨、麗閣邨、幸福邨、富昌邨、美孚新邨、泓景臺、昇悅居 Transport: The Tsuen Wan Line serves Sham Shui Po, Cheung Sha Wan and Lai Chi Kok; the Kwun Tong Line passes through Shek Kip Mei; the Tuen Ma Line stops at Nam Cheong. West Kowloon Corridor and West Kowloon Highway link to the island and the New Territories. Lai Chi Kok Road and Cheung Sha Wan Road are the main east-west arteries. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum, Mei Ho House (Hostel and Living Museum), Apliu Street electronics street, Golden Computer Arcade, Lai Chi Kok Park, Stonecutters Bridge, Jao Tsung-I Academy, Cheung Sha Wan waterfront promenade 地標（非完整地名錄）: 李鄭屋漢墓博物館、美荷樓生活館、鴨寮街、黃金電腦商場、荔枝角公園、昂船洲大橋、饒宗頤文化館、長沙灣海濱長廊 Economy: Cheung Sha Wan and Lai Chi Kok are traditional industrial districts, with many factory buildings converted into offices in recent years. Sham Shui Po is known for electronics components, fabrics and street retail; Apliu Street is the centre of the second-hand electronics trade. 經濟: 長沙灣及荔枝角是傳統工商業區，近年多幢工業大廈活化成寫字樓及辦公室。深水埗以電子零件、布料及民生零售見稱，鴨寮街是二手電子產品集中地。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/sham-shui-po ## 九龍城 / Kowloon City District code: G. Region: 九龍 / Kowloon. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 421 600 (male 182 200, female 239 400). Median age 46. Sex ratio 761 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 218 600; LFPR 57.6%. Median monthly household income 31300 (all households). Kowloon City sits in east-central Kowloon and includes Kowloon City, Ho Man Tin, To Kwa Wan, Hung Hom, and the former Kai Tak airport site. Hung Hom is a major node for cross-harbour rail and the Cross-Harbour Tunnel. 九龍城區位於九龍中部偏東，包含九龍城、何文田、土瓜灣、紅磡，以及前啟德機場用地。紅磡是過海鐵路及海底隧道的重要節點。 Localities (not exhaustive): Kowloon City, Ho Man Tin, To Kwa Wan, Ma Tau Wai, Hung Hom, Kai Tak 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 九龍城、何文田、土瓜灣、馬頭圍、紅磡、啟德 Geography: Kowloon City sits in east-central Kowloon, comprising Kowloon City, Ho Man Tin, To Kwa Wan, Ma Tau Wai, Hung Hom and Kai Tak. It faces Victoria Harbour to the south, with the former Kai Tak runway and its redevelopment to the east. History: The Kowloon Walled City stood here in the Qing era; after 1899 it became an ungoverned enclave and was demolished in 1993, its site now being Kowloon Walled City Park. Kai Tak Airport operated from 1925 until 6 July 1998 as one of the world’s busiest airports, with its runway projecting into Victoria Harbour. Hung Hom was the Kowloon terminus of the Kowloon–Canton Railway before the East Rail crossed the harbour, and is the portal of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel (1972). Whampoa Garden was built on the old Hunghom shipyard. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Tak Long Estate, Kai Ching Estate, Whampoa Garden, Harbour Plaza residences, Ultima, One Homantin, eResidence, Harbourfront Horizon 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 德朗邨、啟晴邨、黃埔花園、海逸豪園、天鑄、One Homantin、煥然懿居、海名軒 Transport: The Kwun Tong Line extension serves Ho Man Tin, To Kwa Wan, Sung Wong Toi and Whampoa; the Tuen Ma Line passes through Hung Hom. The Cross-Harbour Tunnel and East Rail line make this a key cross-harbour node. The Kai Tak development includes a cruise terminal and a future automated people mover. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Kowloon Walled City Park, Sung Wong Toi Park, Hong Kong Coliseum, Kai Tak Cruise Terminal, Hoi Sham Park, Wonder World, Hong Kong Sports Centre, Good Shepherd Street Playground 地標（非完整地名錄）: 九龍寨城公園、宋皇臺公園、紅磡體育館、啟德郵輪碼頭、土瓜灣海心公園、黃埔天地、香港體育館、法官道遊樂場 Economy: Hung Hom and To Kwa Wan mix older industrial and residential use, with recent redevelopment underway. The Kai Tak development is a large new scheme of homes, commerce and the cruise terminal. Whampoa has a large mall and community shopping. 經濟: 紅磡及土瓜灣是傳統工業與住宅混合區，近年有住宅重建。啟德發展區是大型新發展，包括郵輪碼頭、住宅及商業樓宇。黃埔有大型商場及社區商業。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/kowloon-city ## 黃大仙 / Wong Tai Sin District code: H. Region: 九龍 / Kowloon. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 401 800 (male 184 600, female 217 200). Median age 51. Sex ratio 850 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 195 000; LFPR 52.7%. Median monthly household income 25600 (all households). Wong Tai Sin occupies north-east Kowloon, beneath Lion Rock. It is largely public housing and medium-density private estates, and includes community landmarks such as Wong Tai Sin Temple. 黃大仙區在九龍東北部，北倚獅子山，區內以公共房屋及中密度私人樓宇為主，並有黃大仙祠等宗教及社區地標。 Localities (not exhaustive): Wong Tai Sin, Diamond Hill, San Po Kong, Lok Fu, Tsz Wan Shan, Chuk Yuen 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 黃大仙、鑽石山、新蒲崗、樂富、慈雲山、竹園 Geography: Wong Tai Sin lies in north-east Kowloon beneath Lion Rock, comprising Wong Tai Sin, Diamond Hill, San Po Kong, Lok Fu, Tsz Wan Shan and Chuk Yuen. The terrain descends from Tsz Wan Shan (494 m) to the San Po Kong industrial area in the south. History: Diamond Hill takes its name from former quarries in the area. Wong Tai Sin Temple was established in 1921 and is a celebrated Taoist temple; offering the first incense at Lunar New Year is a tradition. Lok Fu and Wang Tau Hom contained squatter areas before public estates were built from the 1960s. Tsz Wan Shan became a large public-housing district in the 1960s. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Chuk Yuen Estate, Upper Wong Tai Sin Estate, Lower Wong Tai Sin Estate, Tsz Ching Estate, Tsz Oi Estate, Wang Tau Hom Estate, Lok Fu Estate, Choi Wan Estate, Monte Vista, Galaxia, Elegance at Diamond Hill 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 竹園邨、黃大仙上邨、黃大仙下邨、慈正邨、慈愛邨、橫頭磡邨、樂富邨、彩雲邨、匯豪山、星河明居、峻弦 Transport: The Kwun Tong Line serves Lok Fu, Wong Tai Sin, Diamond Hill and Choi Hung; Diamond Hill also stops the Tuen Ma Line. Lung Cheung Road is the main expressway across central Kowloon. Tsz Wan Shan is served by buses and minibuses linking to Diamond Hill station. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Wong Tai Sin Temple, Lion Rock, Chi Lin Nunnery, Nan Lian Garden, Plaza Hollywood, Hammer Hill Park, Choi Hung Estate, Tsz Wan Shan landmark tower 地標（非完整地名錄）: 黃大仙祠、獅子山、志蓮淨苑、南蓮園池、荷里活廣場、斧山公園、彩虹邨、慈雲山地標塔 Economy: San Po Kong is a traditional industrial area with recent factory conversions. Diamond Hill hosts the large Plaza Hollywood mall. The district is largely public housing with neighbourhood commerce, while Wong Tai Sin Temple draws worshippers and visitors year-round. 經濟: 新蒲崗是傳統工業區，近年有工廈活化。鑽石山有大型商場荷里活廣場。區內以公共房屋及民生商業為主，黃大仙祠每年吸引大量善信及遊客。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/wong-tai-sin ## 觀塘 / Kwun Tong District code: J. Region: 九龍 / Kowloon. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 663 200 (male 306 100, female 357 100). Median age 49. Sex ratio 857 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 323 600; LFPR 53.7%. Median monthly household income 24900 (all households). Kwun Tong is the main urban district of East Kowloon. It has shifted from an early industrial base toward mixed commercial and residential use. Kowloon Bay and the Kwun Tong waterfront are among the more concentrated commercial belts in recent years. 觀塘區是九龍東的主要市區，由早期工業區逐步轉為商業、住宅混合用途。九龍灣及觀塘海旁是近年商業活動較集中的地帶。 Localities (not exhaustive): Kwun Tong, Ngau Tau Kok, Kowloon Bay, Lam Tin, Yau Tong, Sau Mau Ping 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 觀塘、牛頭角、九龍灣、藍田、油塘、秀茂坪 Geography: Kwun Tong occupies eastern Kowloon, comprising Kwun Tong, Ngau Tau Kok, Kowloon Bay, Lam Tin, Yau Tong, Sau Mau Ping and Anderson Road. It faces Victoria Harbour and the Lei Yue Mun Strait to the south, with Fei Ngo Shan to the north. History: Kwun Tong developed from the 1950s as one of Hong Kong’s earliest satellite towns and industrial districts. Lei Yue Mun is a historic fishing village famed for seafood, with a Tin Hau temple over 300 years old. Yau Tong had cement works and industry in earlier decades. After Kai Tak closed, Kowloon Bay and the Kwun Tong waterfront became commercial districts; the Kwun Tong Town Centre redevelopment is a major Urban Renewal Authority project. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Sau Mau Ping Estate, Lam Tin Estate, Yau Tong Estate, Anderson Road estates, On Tai Estate, Laguna City, Telford Gardens, Amoy Gardens, Sceneway Garden, Grand Central, The Wings 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 秀茂坪邨、藍田邨、油塘邨、安達邨、安泰邨、麗港城、德福花園、淘大花園、匯景花園、凱匯、峻瀅 Transport: The Kwun Tong Line serves Kowloon Bay, Ngau Tau Kok, Kwun Tong and Lam Tin; the Tseung Kwan O Line passes through Yau Tong. Kwun Tong Bypass and the Eastern Harbour Crossing link to Hong Kong Island. Kai-to ferries run from Lei Yue Mun and Sam Ka Tsuen to Sai Wan Ho. Landmarks (not exhaustive): apm mall, Kwun Tong Promenade, Yue Man Square, Kowloonbay International Trade & Exhibition Centre, Lei Yue Mun seafood street, Sam Ka Tsuen Pier, Laguna Park, Kwun Tong Swimming Pool, Domain mall 地標（非完整地名錄）: apm、觀塘海濱花園、裕民坊、九龍灣國際展貿中心、鯉魚門海鮮街、三家村碼頭、晒草灣遊樂場、觀塘游泳池、大本型 Economy: Kowloon Bay and Kwun Tong form the main commercial belt of East Kowloon, promoted in recent years as CBD2 with factory-to-office conversions. The Kwun Tong Town Centre redevelopment will reshape the area around the MTR station. Lam Tin and Yau Tong are predominantly residential. 經濟: 九龍灣及觀塘是九龍東主要商業區，近年轉型為核心商業區（CBD2），多幢工廈及商廈活化為辦公室。觀塘市中心重建項目將大幅改變港鐵站周邊面貌。藍田、油塘以住宅為主。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/kwun-tong ## 葵青 / Kwai Tsing District code: S. Region: 新界 / New Territories. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 484 900 (male 226 400, female 258 500). Median age 49. Sex ratio 876 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 236 300; LFPR 53.5%. Median monthly household income 25700 (all households). Kwai Tsing comprises Kwai Chung and Tsing Yi. It is a principal location for the container port and logistics facilities, and also contains large public housing estates. Tsing Yi is linked by bridges to Tsuen Wan and the urban area. 葵青區包含葵涌與青衣，是貨櫃港及物流設施的主要所在地，同時有大型公共屋邨及新市鎮住宅。青衣以橋樑連接荃灣及市區。 Localities (not exhaustive): Kwai Chung, Tsing Yi, Kwai Fong, Tai Wo Hau 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 葵涌、青衣、葵芳、大窩口 Geography: Kwai Tsing lies in the south-west New Territories, comprising Kwai Chung, Tsing Yi and Tai Wo Hau. It is one of the most densely populated districts outside the island and Kowloon. Tsing Yi is linked to Kwai Chung and Tsuen Wan by bridges across Rambler Channel. History: Kwai Tsing grew with the construction of the Kwai Chung Container Terminals from the 1960s, becoming one of the world’s busiest container ports in the 1970s. Tsing Yi developed from the 1970s into a major industrial and residential island. Tai Wo Hau was one of the earliest resettlement areas. The Tsing Ma Bridge and Kap Shui Mun Bridge land on Tsing Yi on their Kowloon side. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Kwai Chung Estate, Shek Lei Estate, Shek Yam Estate, On Yam Estate, Lai King Estate, Cho Yiu Chuen, Tai Wo Hau Estate, Yu Li Court, Riviera Gardens, Tierra Verde, Villa Esplanada, Laguna Verde, T-Plus 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 葵涌邨、石籬邨、石蔭邨、安蔭邨、荔景邨、祖堯邨、大窩口邨、悅麗苑、海濱花園、盈翠半島、灝景灣、藍澄灣、綠悠雅苑 Transport: The Tsuen Wan Line serves Tai Wo Hau, Kwai Hing and Kwai Fong; the Tung Chung Line stops at Lai King; the Tung Chung Line and Airport Express run through Tsing Yi station, the only Airport Express stop before the airport. The container terminals are served by Container Port Road and Kwai Tsing Road. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Kwai Tsing Container Terminals, Tsing Ma Bridge, Tsing Yi Park, Tsing Yi Promenade, Kwai Chung Plaza, Industrial conversions in Kwai Chung, Shing Mun Valley Park 地標（非完整地名錄）: 葵青貨櫃碼頭、青馬大橋、青衣公園、青衣海濱公園、葵涌廣場、豐盛工業大廈活化項目、城門谷公園 Economy: The Kwai Tsing Container Terminals, together with the southern Tsing Yi industrial area, form the core of Hong Kong’s port and logistics economy. Kwai Chung retains extensive industrial buildings, many converted for offices and warehousing. Tsing Yi hosts large malls and substantial residential development. 經濟: 葵青貨櫃碼頭是全球主要港口設施，與青衣南部的工業區共同構成香港物流及港口核心。葵涌一帶有大量工廈活化作辦公室及貨倉用途。青衣有多個大型商場及住宅發展。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/kwai-tsing ## 荃灣 / Tsuen Wan District code: K. Region: 新界 / New Territories. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 298 800 (male 133 500, female 165 300). Median age 48. Sex ratio 808 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 157 200; LFPR 58.6%. Median monthly household income 34200 (all households). Tsuen Wan is one of the earliest new towns in the New Territories, west of Kwai Chung on Rambler Channel. It has an urbanised town centre and coastal localities such as Ting Kau and Sham Tseng. 荃灣是新界最早一批新市鎮之一，位於葵涌以西、面向藍巴勒海峽。區內有市區化市中心，亦有汀九、深井等沿海地方。 Localities (not exhaustive): Tsuen Wan, Lei Muk Shue, Ting Kau, Sham Tseng, Ma Wan 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 荃灣、梨木樹、汀九、深井、馬灣 Geography: Tsuen Wan lies in the south-west New Territories, comprising the Tsuen Wan town centre, Lei Muk Shue, Ting Kau, Sham Tseng, Ma Wan and the north- east corner of Lantau. Tai Mo Shan, the highest point in Hong Kong, is in this district. History: Tsuen Wan was among the earliest areas developed in the New Territories, with new-town planning begun in 1948 — the first new town in the New Territories. Sham Tseng is famous for its roast goose restaurants. Ma Wan opened to the public when the Tsing Ma Bridge opened in 1997; the island hosts the Noah’s Ark theme park and Ma Wan Park. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Lei Muk Shue Estate, Shek Wai Kok Estate, Cheung Shan Estate, Tsuen Wan Plaza, The Dynasty, Vision City, Ocean Pride, Parc City, The Aurora 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 梨木樹邨、石圍角邨、象山邨、荃灣廣場、爵悅庭、萬景峯、海之戀、柏傲灣、映日灣 Transport: The Tsuen Wan Line terminates at Tsuen Wan station; the Tuen Ma Line stops at Tsuen Wan West. Tsuen Wan Road, Tuen Mun Road and Castle Peak Road are the main roads. Ferries link Tsuen Wan pier and Ma Wan. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Tai Mo Shan, Tsuen Wan Park, Riviera Gardens, Yeung Uk Road Market, Sam Tung Uk Museum, Yuen Yuen Institute, Lo Wai (walled village), Ma Wan Park, Noah’s Ark 地標（非完整地名錄）: 大帽山、荃灣公園、海濱花園、楊屋道街市、三棟屋博物館、圓玄學院、老圍、馬灣公園、挪亞方舟 Economy: Tsuen Wan is a major commercial and residential centre north of Lantau. The Tsuen Wan West station area is a large residential development; Yeung Uk Road and Sha Tsui Road hold malls and hotels. Sham Tseng and Ma Wan are mainly tourism and dining areas. 經濟: 荃灣是大嶼山以北的主要商業及住宅區之一。荃灣西站一帶是大型住宅發展區，楊屋道及沙咀道有商場及酒店。深井、馬灣以旅遊及餐飲為主。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/tsuen-wan ## 屯門 / Tuen Mun District code: L. Region: 新界 / New Territories. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 538 700 (male 253 400, female 285 300). Median age 47. Sex ratio 888 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 272 200; LFPR 56.3%. Median monthly household income 27400 (all households). Tuen Mun is a large new town in the north-west New Territories, with Castle Peak to the east and the Pearl River estuary to the west. Tuen Mun Road and the Tuen Ma Line connect it to Tsuen Wan and the urban area. 屯門位於新界西北，是大型新市鎮，東有青山，西臨珠江口。屯門公路及西鐵／屯馬綫將區內連接到荃灣及市區。 Localities (not exhaustive): Tuen Mun, Leung Tin, So Kwun Wat, Siu Lam, Lung Kwu Tan 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 屯門、良田、掃管笏、小欖、龍鼓灘 Geography: Tuen Mun lies in the north-west New Territories, bounded by Castle Peak and the Tai Lam Country Park to the east and the Pearl River estuary to the west. It comprises the Tuen Mun new town, Leung Tin, So Kwun Wat, Siu Lam and Lung Kwu Tan, drained by the Tuen Mun River. History: Tuen Mun has been an important maritime point on the coast of Tuen Mun Bay and Castle Peak Bay since early times. Tsing Shan Monastery is one of Hong Kong’s oldest temples. The Tuen Mun new town developed in the 1970s as a major satellite city after Tsuen Wan. Castle Peak Bay once held fishing villages. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Butterfly Estate, Wu King Estate, Yau Oi Estate, On Ting Estate, Tai Hing Estate, Leung King Estate, Tin King Estate, Lung Mun Oasis, Sun Tuen Mun Centre, Kingswood Villas (part), Gold Coast 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 蝴蝶邨、湖景邨、友愛邨、安定邨、大興邨、良景邨、田景邨、龍門居、新屯門中心、嘉湖山莊（部分）、黃金海岸 Transport: The Tuen Ma Line runs from Tuen Mun station to Hung Hom; the Light Rail network serves the district’s estates. Tuen Mun Road and Castle Peak Road link to Tsuen Wan and Kowloon. Tuen Mun pier operates ferries to Tung Chung, Tai O and Macau. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Tsing Shan Monastery, Castle Peak, Lung Kwu Tan (dolphin viewing), Gold Coast, Tuen Mun Park, Lung Yan Visitor Centre, Tuen Mun Pier, Sam Shing Hui, Castle Peak Bay 地標（非完整地名錄）: 青山禪院、青山、龍鼓灘、黃金海岸、屯門公園、南朗山探知館、屯門碼頭、三聖墟、青山灣 Economy: Tuen Mun is a large residential new town. Industry concentrates in the Tuen Mun industrial areas and Lung Kwu Tan, including computer and electronics manufacturing. Gold Coast and Castle Peak Bay focus on leisure and tourism, with several shopping malls across the district. 經濟: 屯門是大型住宅新市鎮，工業區集中在屯門工業區及龍鼓灘一帶，包括電腦及電子產品製造。黃金海岸及青山灣以旅遊休閒為主，區內有多個購物商場。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/tuen-mun ## 元朗 / Yuen Long District code: M. Region: 新界 / New Territories. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 674 500 (male 313 700, female 360 700). Median age 45. Sex ratio 870 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 354 700; LFPR 58.5%. Median monthly household income 30000 (all households). Yuen Long covers the north-west New Territories plain, including Yuen Long town, the Tin Shui Wai new town, and rural areas such as Kam Tin and Pat Heung. High-density new-town housing sits alongside traditional villages. 元朗區覆蓋新界西北平原，包括元朗市、天水圍新市鎮，以及錦田、八鄉等鄉郊。區內同時有新市鎮高密度住宅與傳統鄉村。 Localities (not exhaustive): Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai, Kam Tin, Pat Heung, Lau Fau Shan, Ha Tsuen 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 元朗、天水圍、錦田、八鄉、流浮山、廈村 Geography: Yuen Long covers the north-west New Territories plain, comprising Yuen Long town, Tin Shui Wai, Kam Tin, Pat Heung, Lau Fau Shan, Ha Tsuen and Mai Po. Deep Bay (Shenzhen Bay) lies to its north-west. It is one of the 18 districts with the largest land area. History: The Yuen Long plain has long been a rice-growing and fishing area. The Tang clan’s walled villages around Kam Tin date back over 500 years. The Yuen Long market town was the main trading centre of the north-west New Territories by the Japanese occupation period. Tin Shui Wai is a new town developed from the 1990s, with a large stock of public housing. Mai Po Nature Reserve is an important wetland for migratory birds. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Tin Yiu Estate, Tin Shui Estate, Tin Heng Estate, Tin Yan Estate, Tin Yat Estate, Tin Tsz Estate, Long Shin Estate, Wang Fu Court, Sun Yuen Long Centre, YOHO Town, Reign Residence 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 天耀邨、天瑞邨、天恆邨、天恩邨、天逸邨、天慈邨、朗善邨、宏富苑、新元朗中心、YOHO Town、尚悅 Transport: The Tuen Ma Line serves Yuen Long and Tin Shui Wai stations; the Light Rail links Tin Shui Wai and Yuen Long town. The Lok Ma Chau Spur Line runs through San Tin. Yuen Long Highway and San Tin Highway connect to Kowloon and Shenzhen; the Shenzhen Bay Bridge lands at the Shenzhen Bay Port west of Lau Fau Shan. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Mai Po Nature Reserve, Kat Hing Wai (Kam Tin), Yuen Long Old Market, Lau Fau Shan (oyster village), Hong Kong Wetland Park, Yuen Long Park, Tai Tong red leaves, Nam Sang Wai 地標（非完整地名錄）: 米埔自然保護區、錦田吉慶圍、元朗舊墟、流浮山、香港濕地公園、元朗公園、大棠紅葉、南生圍 Economy: Yuen Long town and Tin Shui Wai are the two main commercial centres; shops and restaurants line Castle Peak Road in Yuen Long. Industrial estates lie in both towns. Mai Po, Lau Fau Shan and Nam Sang Wai are known for ecotourism and traditional industries. 經濟: 元朗市及天水圍是區內兩大商業中心，元朗大馬路一帶商店食肆密集。元朗及天水圍有工業村。米埔、流浮山及南生圍以生態旅遊及傳統產業為主。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/yuen-long ## 北區 / North District code: N. Region: 新界 / New Territories. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 335 500 (male 157 400, female 178 100). Median age 47. Sex ratio 884 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 166 900; LFPR 55.4%. Median monthly household income 26200 (all households). The North District is the northernmost part of the New Territories, adjoining Shenzhen. It includes the Sheung Shui and Fanling new town and border localities such as Sha Tau Kok and Ta Kwu Ling. Lo Wu Control Point is in this district. 北區位於新界最北，與深圳接壤，包含上水、粉嶺新市鎮，以及沙頭角、打鼓嶺等邊境地方。羅湖口岸位於北區。 Localities (not exhaustive): Sheung Shui, Fanling, Ta Kwu Ling, Sha Tau Kok, Luen Wo Hui 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 上水、粉嶺、打鼓嶺、沙頭角、聯和墟 Geography: The North District is the northernmost part of the New Territories, adjoining Shenzhen. It comprises Sheung Shui, Fanling, Ta Kwu Ling, Sha Tau Kok, Luen Wo Hui and Kwu Tung. The rivers Ng Tung and Sheung Yue drain south into the Shenzhen River. History: Fanling and Sheung Shui have a rich village heritage; the Lung Yeuk Tau Heritage Trail is an official walking trail. Luen Wo Hui in Fanling was a new market town established after the war; the Shek Wu Hui market in Sheung Shui is another traditional market. Lo Wu, Man Kam To and Sha Tau Kok are the district’s main land control points into the mainland. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Choi Yuen Estate, Tai Ping Estate, Tsui Lai Garden, Ching Ho Estate, Old Luen Wo Hui area, Cheung Wah Estate, Yung Shing Court, Helios Plaza 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 彩園邨、太平邨、翠麗花園、清河邨、聯和墟街市一帶（舊區）、祥華邨、雍盛苑、海聯廣場 Transport: The East Rail line serves Sheung Shui and Fanling stations; Lo Wu is the northern terminus and the Lok Ma Chau Spur Line branches off at Sheung Shui. Fanling Highway and the Sheung Shui Bypass link to Kowloon; Sha Tau Kok Road and Man Kam To Road lead to the border crossings. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Lung Yeuk Tau Heritage Trail, Fanling Wai, Sheung Shui Wai, Ng Tung River, Lau Shui Heung Reservoir, Pat Sin Leng Country Park (part), Ta Kwu Ling, Sha Tau Kok 地標（非完整地名錄）: 龍躍頭文物徑、粉嶺圍、上水圍、梧桐河、流水響水塘、八仙嶺郊野公園（部分）、打鼓嶺、沙頭角 Economy: Sheung Shui and Fanling are twin residential and neighbourhood-commercial towns. New growth focuses on the Kwu Tung North new development area as part of the Northern Metropolis. The Sha Tau Kok frontier closed area has gradually opened to tourism. Scattered industrial uses include the Fanling Industrial Park. 經濟: 上水及粉嶺是以住宅及民生商業為主的雙城區，新發展集中在古洞北新發展區（北部都會區一部分）。沙頭角邊境禁區近年逐步開放旅遊。區內有零星工業，包括粉嶺工業園。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/north ## 大埔 / Tai Po District code: P. Region: 新界 / New Territories. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 326 500 (male 150 000, female 176 500). Median age 47. Sex ratio 850 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 167 500; LFPR 57.3%. Median monthly household income 30700 (all households). Tai Po lies in the north-east New Territories. The Tai Po new town developed along the west shore of Tolo Harbour, with countryside and reservoirs at Lam Tsuen and Plover Cove. 大埔區在新界東北部，大埔新市鎮沿吐露港西岸發展，周圍是林村、船灣等郊野與水塘地帶。 Localities (not exhaustive): Tai Po, Tai Po Market, Tai Wo, Lam Tsuen, Plover Cove, Ting Kok 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 大埔、大埔墟、太和、林村、船灣、汀角 Geography: Tai Po lies in the north-east New Territories. The Tai Po new town developed along the west shore of Tolo Harbour, surrounded by countryside and reservoirs at Lam Tsuen, Plover Cove and Ting Kok. Parts of Tai Po Kau, Pat Sin Leng and Plover Cove country parks are in the district. History: Tai Po Market is among the oldest market towns in Hong Kong, with more than three centuries of history. The Old Tai Po Police Station (now Green Hub) was built in 1899 and is one of the territory’s earliest police stations. The wishing tree beside the Tin Hau temple in Lam Tsuen is a celebrated local custom. Tai Po was among the first areas developed as a new town, from the 1970s. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Tai Yuen Estate, Fu Shin Estate, Kwong Fuk Estate, Chung Nga Court, Ming Nga Court, Sun Hing Garden, Uptown Plaza residences, Providence Bay, Mayfair By The Sea, St Martin 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 大元邨、富善邨、廣福邨、頌雅苑、明雅苑、新興花園、新達廣場、天賦海灣、逸瓏灣、雲匯 Transport: The East Rail line serves Tai Po Market and Tai Wo stations. Tai Po Road and Tolo Highway link to Sha Tin, Kowloon and the northern New Territories. Kai-to and pleasure-boat services operate on Tolo Harbour from Tai Po Kau pier. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Tai Po Market, Tai Po Waterfront Park, Green Hub, Lam Tsuen Wishing Trees, Hong Kong Railway Museum, Tai Po Fire Station (building), Plover Cove Reservoir, Tai Mei Tuk, Lung Mei Beach 地標（非完整地名錄）: 大埔墟街市、大埔海濱公園、綠匯學苑、林村許願樹、鐵路博物館、大埔消防局（建築）、船灣淡水湖、大尾篤、龍尾泳灘 Economy: The Tai Po town centre holds large malls and markets. The industrial estate at Tai Po (now the Tai Po INNOPARK) hosts food, technology and other manufacturers. Lam Tsuen and Plover Cove focus on rural tourism and recreation. Tai Po houses a number of food and technology companies. 經濟: 大埔市中心有大型商場及街市，工業邨集中在大埔工業邨（現為大埔創新園）一帶。林村、船灣以鄉郊旅遊及休閒活動為主。大埔是不少食品及科技公司的其中一個基地。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/tai-po ## 西貢 / Sai Kung District code: Q. Region: 新界 / New Territories. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 501 200 (male 226 200, female 275 100). Median age 46. Sex ratio 822 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 273 400; LFPR 60.6%. Median monthly household income 40600 (all households). Sai Kung contains two contrasting areas: the Tseung Kwan O new town in the west, and Sai Kung Town, Clear Water Bay, and extensive country parks and coastline in the east. 西貢區包含兩種很不同的地方：西面是將軍澳新市鎮，東面是西貢市、清水灣及大面積郊野公園與海岸。 Localities (not exhaustive): Sai Kung Town, Tseung Kwan O, Hang Hau, Tiu Keng Leng, Clear Water Bay, High Island 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 西貢市、將軍澳、坑口、調景嶺、清水灣、萬宜 Geography: Sai Kung contains two contrasting areas: the Tseung Kwan O new town in the west, and Sai Kung Town, Clear Water Bay, and extensive country parks and coastline in the east. High Island Reservoir, the largest reservoir in Hong Kong, lies in the eastern part of the district. History: Sai Kung Town is a traditional fishing port and market town. High Island Reservoir was completed in 1978 as Hong Kong’s largest reservoir, with dolos-anchored dams. Tseung Kwan O became a new town in the late 1980s, with rapid population growth from the 1990s. The Hong Kong Geopark’s Sai Kung Volcanic Rock Region is partly in this district. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Sheung Tak Estate, Kin Ming Estate, Hau Tak Estate, Ming Tak Estate, King Lam Estate, Wo Ming Court, Ocean Shores, Metro City, The Wings, The Capri, Silverstrand (part) 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 尚德邨、健明邨、厚德邨、明德邨、景林邨、和明苑、維景灣畔、新都城、天晉、峻瀅、銀線灣（部分） Transport: The Tseung Kwan O Line serves Hang Hau, Tseung Kwan O, LOHAS Park and Tiu Keng Leng stations. The Tseung Kwan O Tunnel, Po Shun Road and the Cross Bay Link/Tseung Kwan O–Lam Tin Tunnel (2022) connect to Kowloon. Sai Kung Town is served by buses and minibuses to Choi Hung and Tseung Kwan O. Landmarks (not exhaustive): High Island Reservoir, Sai Kung waterfront, Sai Kung Public Pier, Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park, East Dam, Clear Water Bay, Po Lam Tin Hau Temple, Hong Kong Velodrome, Sai Kung Peninsula, Yim Tin Tsai 地標（非完整地名錄）: 萬宜水庫、西貢市海濱、西貢公眾碼頭、海下灣海岸公園、東壩、清水灣、寶琳天后廟、香港單車館、西貢半島、鹽田梓 Economy: Tseung Kwan O is a large residential new town with neighbourhood retail; the southern waterfront and LOHAS Park host large malls. Sai Kung Town is renowned for seafood and weekend leisure tourism. The district also holds technology park uses beyond Cyberport. 經濟: 將軍澳是大型住宅新市鎮，以民生商業為主，將軍澳南及康城有大型商場。西貢市以海鮮餐飲及休閒旅遊見稱，是週末熱門目的地。區內亦有數碼港以外的科技園區發展。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/sai-kung ## 沙田 / Sha Tin District code: R. Region: 新界 / New Territories. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 687 300 (male 312 100, female 375 200). Median age 48. Sex ratio 832 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 342 800; LFPR 55.4%. Median monthly household income 31800 (all households). Sha Tin is a large new town in the eastern New Territories, stretching along the Shing Mun River and Sha Tin Hoi to Ma On Shan. It includes Sha Tin Racecourse and rail links to Kowloon. The Chinese University of Hong Kong campus at Ma Liu Shui is in this district. 沙田是新界東的大型新市鎮，沿城門河及沙田海伸延至馬鞍山。區內有沙田馬場，以及連接九龍的鐵路。香港中文大學校園在馬料水，屬沙田區。 Localities (not exhaustive): Sha Tin, Tai Wai, Fo Tan, Ma On Shan, Wu Kai Sha, Ma Liu Shui 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 沙田、大圍、火炭、馬鞍山、烏溪沙、馬料水 Geography: Sha Tin is a large new town in the eastern New Territories, stretching along the Shing Mun River and Sha Tin Hoi from Tai Wai to Ma On Shan and Wu Kai Sha, covering about 70 km². The district rises into Beacon Hill, Lion Rock and Tate’s Cairn. History: Sha Tin Wai and Tai Wai retain village histories dating from the Song era. The Shing Mun River is a branch of the former Sha Tin Hoi, formed by reclamation in the 1960s. Sha Tin new town formally began in 1973. The Chinese University of Hong Kong (founded 1963) is at Ma Liu Shui. Sha Tin Racecourse opened in 1978 and is the territory’s main turf track. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Sha Kok Estate, Pok Hong Estate, Chun Shek Estate, Sun Tin Wai Estate, Kam Tai Court (MOS), Chung On Estate, Villa Athena, Sunshine City, City One, Royal Ascot, Palazzo, La Rivière 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 沙角邨、博康邨、秦石邨、新田圍邨、馬鞍山錦泰苑、頌安邨、雅典居、新港城、第一城、駿景園、御龍山、碧濤花園 Transport: The East Rail line serves Tai Wai, Sha Tin and Ma On Shan; the Tuen Ma Line links Ma On Shan to Tai Wai, where it connects with the East Rail. Lion Rock Tunnel, Tate’s Cairn Tunnel and the Route 8 bridges link to Kowloon and the island. A cycle path runs along the Shing Mun River. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Sha Tin Racecourse, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Che Kung Temple, Tsang Tai Uk, Shing Mun River, Hong Kong Heritage Museum, New Town Plaza, Penfold Park, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok promenade 地標（非完整地名錄）: 沙田馬場、香港中文大學、車公廟、曾大屋、城門河、香港文化博物館、沙田新城市廣場、彭福公園、香港科學園、白石角海濱長廊 Economy: The Sha Tin town centre revolves around New Town Plaza, the district’s largest retail hub. Fo Tan holds industrial estates with conversions. Hong Kong Science Park, developed from the 1990s, is a key technology R&D base. Ma On Shan and Shek Mun have district commercial centres. 經濟: 沙田市中心以新城市廣場為核心，是區內最大零售樞紐。火炭有工業區及工廈活化項目。香港科學園（1990 年代發展）集中科技研發，是本港創科重點基地。馬鞍山及石門有地區商業中心。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/sha-tin ## 離島 / Islands District code: T. Region: 新界 / New Territories. 2025 land-based non-institutional population: 196 000 (male 89 100, female 106 900). Median age 42. Sex ratio 834 males per 1,000 females. Labour force 107 100; LFPR 61.4%. Median monthly household income 31800 (all households). The Islands District covers Lantau and other outlying islands. North Lantau contains Hong Kong International Airport and the Tung Chung new town; southern Lantau and the smaller islands are mainly towns, countryside, and ferry-linked communities. 離島區覆蓋大嶼山及多個離島。大嶼山北有香港國際機場及東涌新市鎮；南面及周邊離島則以鄉鎮、郊野與渡輪交通為主。 Localities (not exhaustive): Lantau Island, Tung Chung, Disneyland area, Mui Wo, Tai O, Cheung Chau, Lamma Island, Peng Chau 主要地方（非完整地名錄）: 大嶼山、東涌、迪士尼、梅窩、大澳、長洲、南丫島、坪洲 Geography: The Islands District covers Lantau Island and numerous outlying islands, including Tung Chung, Mui Wo, Tai O, Cheung Chau, Lamma Island, Peng Chau, Hei Ling Chau and Po Toi. Lantau is the largest island in Hong Kong and hosts the biggest new-town growth outside the urban areas. History: Tai O has centuries of fishing-village history with its stilt houses, a celebrated water town. Mui Wo was Lantau’s earliest ferry port. Cheung Chau developed as a resort from the 1970s; the Bun Festival with its bun-scrambling is a famous tradition. Tung Chung new town grew from the late 1990s. Hong Kong International Airport opened on Chek Lap Kok on 6 July 1998 and is the territory’s aviation hub. Principal housing estates (not exhaustive): Fu Tung Estate, Yat Tung Estate, Mun Tung Estate, Ying Tung Estate, Caribbean Coast, Coastal Skyline, Tung Chung Crescent, Seaview Crescent, Lantau south settlements 主要屋苑（非完整名單）: 富東邨、逸東邨、滿東邨、迎東邨、映灣園、藍天海岸、東堤灣畔、海堤灣畔、大嶼山南（伯公坳沿途） Transport: The Tung Chung Line and Airport Express link Tung Chung and the airport to the urban areas; the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge (2018) connects Lantau to Macau and Zhuhai. Ngong Ping 360 cable car serves Ngong Ping. Lantau taxis and buses serve the villages. Cheung Chau, Lamma, Peng Chau and Tai O are served by ferries from Central and Aberdeen. Landmarks (not exhaustive): Hong Kong International Airport, Ngong Ping 360, Tian Tan Buddha, Po Lin Monastery, Tai O, Cheung Chau, Lamma Island, Hong Kong Disneyland, Mui Wo, Peng Chau, Po Toi Island, Tung Chung Fort 地標（非完整地名錄）: 香港國際機場、昂坪360、天壇大佛、寶蓮禪寺、大澳、長洲、南丫島、迪士尼樂園、梅窩、坪洲、蒲台島、東涌炮台 Economy: Tung Chung and the airport form Hong Kong’s international aviation and logistics hub; the airport and the HZMB Hong Kong Port are major economic engines. Disneyland is a tourism anchor. Tai O, Cheung Chau and Lamma rely mainly on tourism and fishing; Lamma also hosts power stations. 經濟: 東涌及機場是香港國際航空及物流樞紐，香港國際機場及港珠澳大橋口岸是重要經濟引擎。迪士尼樂園是旅遊景點。大澳、長洲、南丫島以旅遊及漁業為主，南丫島有發電廠。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/districts/islands --- # MTR lines and stations ## 東鐵線 / East Rail line Admiralty to Lo Wu / Lok Ma Chau, 46.3 km, opened 1910-10-01. Stations: Admiralty, Exhibition Centre, Hung Hom, Mong Kok East, Kowloon Tong, Tai Wai, Sha Tin, Fo Tan, Racecourse, University, Tai Po Market, Tai Wo, Fanling, Sheung Shui, Lo Wu, Lok Ma Chau ## 屯馬線 / Tuen Ma line Tuen Mun to Wu Kai Sha, 56 km, opened 2021-06-27. Stations: Tuen Mun, Siu Hong, Tin Shui Wai, Long Ping, Yuen Long, Kam Sheung Road, Tsuen Wan West, Mei Foo, Nam Cheong, Austin, East Tsim Sha Tsui, Hung Hom, Ho Man Tin, To Kwa Wan, Sung Wong Toi, Kai Tak, Diamond Hill, Hin Keng, Tai Wai, Che Kung Temple, Sha Tin Wai, City One, Shek Mun, Tai Shui Hang, Heng On, Ma On Shan, Wu Kai Sha ## 港島線 / Island line Kennedy Town to Chai Wan, 16.3 km, opened 1985-05-31. Stations: Kennedy Town, HKU, Sai Ying Pun, Sheung Wan, Central, Admiralty, Wan Chai, Causeway Bay, Tin Hau, Fortress Hill, North Point, Quarry Bay, Tai Koo, Sai Wan Ho, Shau Kei Wan, Heng Fa Chuen, Chai Wan ## 將軍澳線 / Tseung Kwan O line North Point to Po Lam / LOHAS Park, 12.3 km, opened 2002-08-18. Stations: North Point, Quarry Bay, Yau Tong, Tiu Keng Leng, Tseung Kwan O, Hang Hau, Po Lam, LOHAS Park ## 觀塘線 / Kwun Tong line Whampoa to Tiu Keng Leng, 17.4 km, opened 1979-10-01. Stations: Whampoa, Ho Man Tin, Yau Ma Tei, Mong Kok, Prince Edward, Shek Kip Mei, Kowloon Tong, Lok Fu, Wong Tai Sin, Diamond Hill, Choi Hung, Kowloon Bay, Ngau Tau Kok, Kwun Tong, Lam Tin, Yau Tong, Tiu Keng Leng ## 荃灣線 / Tsuen Wan line Tsuen Wan to Central, 16.9 km, opened 1982-05-10. Stations: Tsuen Wan, Tai Wo Hau, Kwai Hing, Kwai Fong, Lai King, Mei Foo, Lai Chi Kok, Cheung Sha Wan, Sham Shui Po, Prince Edward, Mong Kok, Yau Ma Tei, Jordan, Tsim Sha Tsui, Admiralty, Central ## 東涌線 / Tung Chung line Hong Kong to Tung Chung, 31.1 km, opened 1998-06-22. Stations: Hong Kong, Kowloon, Olympic, Nam Cheong, Lai King, Tsing Yi, Sunny Bay, Tung Chung ## 機場快線 / Airport Express Hong Kong to AsiaWorld–Expo, 35.3 km, opened 1998-07-06. Stations: Hong Kong, Kowloon, Tsing Yi, Airport, AsiaWorld–Expo ## 迪士尼線 / Disneyland Resort line Sunny Bay to Disneyland Resort, 3.3 km, opened 2005-08-01. Stations: Sunny Bay, Disneyland Resort ## 南港島線 / South Island line Admiralty to South Horizons, 7.4 km, opened 2016-12-28. Stations: Admiralty, Ocean Park, Wong Chuk Hang, Lei Tung, South Horizons --- # Public hospitals ## 東區尤德夫人那打素醫院 / Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Hong Kong East Cluster. 1756 beds. Established 1993. 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong ## 律敦治醫院 / Ruttonjee Hospital Hong Kong East Cluster. 420 beds. Established 1949. 266 Queen’s Road East, Wan Chai, Hong Kong ## 柴灣普通科門診診所 / Chai Wan General Out-patient Clinic Hong Kong East Cluster. Established 1987. 200 Chai Wan Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong ## 吳士華普通科門診診所 / Ng Tak Shing General Out-patient Clinic Hong Kong East Cluster. Established 2000. 15 Aldrich Bay Road, Shau Kei Wan, Hong Kong ## 瑪麗醫院 / Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong West Cluster. 1674 beds. Established 1937. 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong ## 葛量洪醫院 / Grantham Hospital Hong Kong West Cluster. 502 beds. Established 1957. 125 Wong Chuk Hang Road, Hong Kong ## 東華三院馮堯敬醫院 / Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Fung Yiu King Hospital Hong Kong West Cluster. 249 beds. Established 1966. 9 Sandy Bay Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong ## 麥理浩復康院 / Maclehose Medical Rehabilitation Centre Hong Kong West Cluster. 132 beds. Established 1984. 7 Sha Wan Drive, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong ## 伊利沙伯醫院 / Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kowloon Central Cluster. 1742 beds. Established 1963. 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon ## 廣華醫院 / Kwong Wah Hospital Kowloon Central Cluster. 1214 beds. Established 1911. 25 Waterloo Road, Kowloon ## 九龍醫院 / Kowloon Hospital Kowloon Central Cluster. 1138 beds. Established 1925. 147A Argyle Street, Kowloon ## 何世柱普通科門診診所 / Catherine Ng General Out-patient Clinic Kowloon Central Cluster. Established 2003. G/F, 3 Ning Foo Street, Chai Wan, Hong Kong ## 香港佛教醫院 / Hong Kong Buddhist Hospital Kowloon Central Cluster. 288 beds. Established 1970. 10 Heng Lam Street, Lok Fu, Kowloon ## 香港眼科醫院 / Hong Kong Eye Hospital Kowloon Central Cluster. 205 beds. Established 1992. 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon ## 基督教聯合醫院 / United Christian Hospital Kowloon East Cluster. 1615 beds. Established 1973. 130 Hip Wo Street, Kwun Tong, Kowloon ## 靈實醫院 / Haven of Hope Hospital Kowloon East Cluster. 499 beds. Established 1978. 8 Haven of Hope Road, Tseung Kwan O, New Territories ## 將軍澳醫院 / Tseung Kwan O Hospital Kowloon East Cluster. 571 beds. Established 1999. 2 Po Ning Lane, Hang Hau, Tseung Kwan O, New Territories ## 瑪嘉烈醫院 / Princess Margaret Hospital Kowloon West Cluster. 1624 beds. Established 1975. 2-30 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Kwai Chung, New Territories ## 仁濟醫院 / Yan Chai Hospital Kowloon West Cluster. 682 beds. Established 1973. 7-11 Yan Chai Street, Tsuen Wan, New Territories ## 東華三院黃大仙醫院 / Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Wong Tai Sin Hospital Kowloon West Cluster. 652 beds. Established 1965. 124 Shatin Pass Road, Wong Tai Sin, Kowloon ## 明愛醫院 / Caritas Medical Centre Kowloon West Cluster. 1294 beds. Established 1964. 111 Wing Hong Street, Sham Shui Po, Kowloon ## 威爾斯親王醫院 / Prince of Wales Hospital New Territories East Cluster. 1676 beds. Established 1984. 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, New Territories ## 北區醫院 / North District Hospital New Territories East Cluster. 819 beds. Established 1998. 9 Po Kin Road, Sheung Shui, New Territories ## 雅麗氏何妙齡那打素醫院 / Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital New Territories East Cluster. 425 beds. Established 1997. 11 Chuen On Road, Tai Po, New Territories ## 白普理寧養中心 / Bradbury Hospice New Territories East Cluster. 30 beds. Established 1995. 18 A Kung Kok Shan Road, Sha Tin, New Territories ## 大埔醫院 / Tai Po Hospital New Territories East Cluster. 497 beds. Established 1980. 9 Chuen On Road, Tai Po, New Territories ## 屯門醫院 / Tuen Mun Hospital New Territories West Cluster. 1842 beds. Established 1990. 23 Tsing Chung Koon Road, Tuen Mun, New Territories ## 博愛醫院 / Pok Oi Hospital New Territories West Cluster. 628 beds. Established 1919. Au Tau, Yuen Long, New Territories ## 天靈普通科門診診所 / Ting Lai General Out-patient Clinic New Territories West Cluster. Established 1995. 2 Tin Shui Road, Tin Shui Wai, New Territories ## 小欖醫院 / Siu Lam Hospital New Territories West Cluster. 595 beds. Established 1987. 15 Tsing Chung Koon Road, Tuen Mun, New Territories --- # Museums ## 香港歷史博物館 / Hong Kong Museum of History Paid admission. Opened 1975. 100 Chatham Road South, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon ## 香港藝術館 / Hong Kong Museum of Art Free admission. Opened 1962. 10 Salisbury Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon ## 香港太空館 / Hong Kong Space Museum Paid admission. Opened 1980. 10 Salisbury Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon ## 香港文化博物館 / Hong Kong Heritage Museum Paid admission. Opened 2000. 1 Man Lam Road, Sha Tin, New Territories ## 香港科學館 / Hong Kong Science Museum Free admission. Opened 1991. 2 Science Museum Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon ## 香港電影資料館 / Hong Kong Film Archive Free admission. Opened 2001. 50 Lei King Road, Sai Wan Ho, Hong Kong ## 香港鐵路博物館 / Hong Kong Railway Museum Free admission. Opened 1985. 13 Shung Tak Street, Tai Po Market, New Territories ## 李鄭屋漢墓博物館 / Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum Free admission. Opened 1957. 41 Tonkin Street, Sham Shui Po, Kowloon ## 三棟屋博物館 / Sam Tung Uk Museum Free admission. Opened 1987. 2 Kwu Uk Lane, Tsuen Wan, New Territories ## 孫中山紀念館 / Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum Paid admission. Opened 2006. 7 Castle Road, Central, Hong Kong ## 香港海防博物館 / Hong Kong Museum of Coastal Defence Free admission. Opened 2000. 175 Tung Hei Road, Shau Kei Wan, Hong Kong ## 警隊博物館 / Police Museum Free admission. Opened 1988. 27 Coombe Road, The Peak, Hong Kong ## 葛量洪號滅火輪展覽館 / Fireboat Alexander Grantham Exhibition Gallery Free admission. Opened 2007. Quarry Bay Park, Hong Kong ## 香港文物探知館 / Hong Kong Heritage Discovery Centre Free admission. Opened 2005. Kowloon Park, Haiphong Road, Tsim Sha Tsui ## M+博物館 / M+ Museum Paid admission. Opened 2021. 38 Museum Drive, West Kowloon Cultural District ## 香港故宮文化博物館 / Hong Kong Palace Museum Paid admission. Opened 2022. 8 Museum Drive, West Kowloon Cultural District ## 香港海事博物館 / Hong Kong Maritime Museum Paid admission. Opened 2005. Central Pier No. 8, Hong Kong ## 茶具文物館 / Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware Free admission. Opened 1984. 10 Cotton Tree Drive (Hong Kong Park), Central ## 香港視覺藝術中心 / Hong Kong Visual Arts Centre Free admission. Opened 1992. 7A Kennedy Road, Central, Hong Kong ## 屏山文物徑 / Ping Shan Heritage Trail Free admission. Opened 1993. Ping Shan, Yuen Long, New Territories ## 龍躍頭文物徑 / Lung Yeuk Tau Heritage Trail Free admission. Opened 1999. Lung Yeuk Tau, Fanling, New Territories --- # Public libraries ## 香港中央圖書館 / Hong Kong Central Library About 33,400 sq m. Established 2001. 香港銅鑼灣高士威道66號 ## 大會堂公共圖書館 / City Hall Public Library About 500 sq m. Established 1962. 香港中環大會堂高座 ## 小西灣公共圖書館 / Siu Sai Wan Public Library About 1,600 sq m. Established 2000. 香港小西灣道15號小西灣綜合大樓 ## 鰂魚涌公共圖書館 / Quarry Bay Public Library About 1,700 sq m. Established 1988. 香港鰂魚涌街38號 ## 柴灣公共圖書館 / Chai Wan Public Library About 1,200 sq m. Established 1988. 香港柴灣市政大廈 ## 香港仔公共圖書館 / Aberdeen Public Library About 1,500 sq m. Established 1992. 香港香港仔大道203號 ## 薄扶林公共圖書館 / Pok Fu Lam Public Library About 980 sq m. Established 1990. 香港薄扶林道180號 ## 油麻地公共圖書館 / Yau Ma Tei Public Library About 1,700 sq m. Established 2003. 九龍油麻地上海街250號 ## 尖沙咀公共圖書館 / Tsim Sha Tsui Public Library About 1,800 sq m. Established 1982. 九龍尖沙咀梳士巴利道10號 ## 深水埗公共圖書館 / Sham Shui Po Public Library About 1,600 sq m. Established 1985. 九龍深水埗欽州街37號 ## 九龍公共圖書館 / Kowloon Public Library About 4,500 sq m. Established 1984. 九龍何文田培正道5號 ## 九龍城公共圖書館 / Kowloon City Public Library About 1,100 sq m. Established 1990. 九龍城衙前圍道100號 ## 黃大仙公共圖書館 / Wong Tai Sin Public Library About 2,000 sq m. Established 1990. 九龍黃大仙龍翔道138號 ## 樂富公共圖書館 / Lok Fu Public Library About 1,200 sq m. Established 1994. 九龍樂富聯合道200號 ## 牛頭角公共圖書館 / Ngau Tau Kok Public Library About 1,800 sq m. Established 1987. 九龍牛頭角道120號 ## 藍田公共圖書館 / Lam Tin Public Library About 1,100 sq m. Established 1990. 九龍藍田啟田道50號 ## 葵青公共圖書館 / Kwai Tsing Public Library About 3,000 sq m. Established 1992. 新界葵芳興芳路7號 ## 荃灣公共圖書館 / Tsuen Wan Public Library About 3,400 sq m. Established 1994. 新界荃灣楊屋道8號 ## 屯門公共圖書館 / Tuen Mun Public Library About 3,800 sq m. Established 1990. 新界屯門屯喜路1號 ## 元朗公共圖書館 / Yuen Long Public Library About 3,000 sq m. Established 1998. 新界元朗馬田路52號 ## 屏山天水圍公共圖書館 / Ping Shan Tin Shui Wai Public Library About 6,100 sq m. Established 2012. 新界天水圍聚星路1號 ## 上水公共圖書館 / Sheung Shui Public Library About 1,800 sq m. Established 1995. 新界上水智昌路13號 ## 粉嶺公共圖書館 / Fanling Public Library About 1,300 sq m. Established 1990. 新界粉嶺壁峰路3號 ## 大埔公共圖書館 / Tai Po Public Library About 2,500 sq m. Established 1992. 新界大埔鄉事會街8號 ## 西貢公共圖書館 / Sai Kung Public Library About 900 sq m. Established 1995. 新界西貢親民街34號 ## 將軍澳公共圖書館 / Tseung Kwan O Public Library About 2,200 sq m. Established 2002. 新界將軍澳運隆路9號 ## 沙田公共圖書館 / Sha Tin Public Library About 4,000 sq m. Established 1987. 新界沙田源禾路1號 ## 馬鞍山公共圖書館 / Ma On Shan Public Library About 2,200 sq m. Established 2004. 新界馬鞍山西沙路608號 ## 東涌公共圖書館 / Tung Chung Public Library About 1,500 sq m. Established 1999. 新界東涌文東路39號 --- # Universities ## 香港大學 / The University of Hong Kong UGC-funded. Founded 1911. Main campus on Bonham Road ## 香港中文大學 / The Chinese University of Hong Kong UGC-funded. Founded 1963. Ma Liu Shui, Sha Tin ## 香港科技大學 / The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology UGC-funded. Founded 1991. Clear Water Bay ## 香港理工大學 / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University UGC-funded. Founded 1994. Hung Hom ## 香港城市大學 / City University of Hong Kong UGC-funded. Founded 1994. Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong ## 香港浸會大學 / Hong Kong Baptist University UGC-funded. Founded 1994. Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong ## 香港教育大學 / The Education University of Hong Kong UGC-funded. Founded 2016. Lo Ping Road, Tai Po ## 嶺南大學 / Lingnan University UGC-funded. Founded 1999. Castle Peak Road, Tuen Mun ## 香港都會大學 / Hong Kong Metropolitan University Self-financing. Founded 1989. Ho Man Tin ## 香港樹仁大學 / Hong Kong Shue Yan University Self-financing. Founded 1971. Braemar Hill, North Point ## 香港恒生大學 / The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong Self-financing. Founded 1980. Hang Shin Link, Siu Lek Yuen, Sha Tin ## 香港演藝學院 / The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts Subvented. Founded 1984. Gloucester Road, Wan Chai ## 職業訓練局 / Vocational Training Council Subvented. Founded 1982. 27 Wood Road, Wan Chai headquarters --- # Schools ## 中央書院 / Central School Secondary school. Founded 1862, closed 1951. Gough Street, Central. 中環歌賦街 ## 伊利沙伯書院 / Queen Elizabeth School Secondary school. Founded 1954. 25 Caine Road, Central. 中環堅道 25 號 ## 喬治五世書院 / King George V School Secondary school. Founded 1946. Ho Man Tin, Kowloon. 九龍何文田 ## 聖保羅書院 / St Paul's College Secondary school. Founded 1851. 1 Tin Kwong Road, Central. 中環鐵崗 1 號 ## 聖若瑟書院 / St Joseph's College Secondary school. Founded 1875. 7 Kennedy Road, Central. 中環堅尼地道 7 號 --- # Notable people ## 成龍 / Jackie Chan 1970s–present. Jackie Chan, born Chan Kong-sang in Hong Kong in 1954, trained at the China Drama Academy under Master Yu Jim-yuen as one of the 'Seven Little Fortunes'. Rising from stuntman to superstar, he pioneered acrobatic kung-fu comedy with Snake in the Eagle's Shadow and Drunken Master (1978), fusing slapstick with meticulously choreographed fight scenes. His Police Story series defined 1980s Hong Kong cinema, with Chan performing his own death-defying stunts despite numerous injuries. Breaking into Hollywood with the Rush Hour franchise, he became one of the world's highest-grossing stars, and in 2016 received an Honorary Academy Award — the first Chinese action star so honoured. 成龍原名陳港生，1954年喺香港出世，七歲入于占元嘅中國戲劇學院，係「七小福」師兄弟之一，接受嚴格嘅京劇同武術訓練。佢由龍虎武師做起，1978年憑《蛇形刁手》《醉拳》開創諧趣功夫片路線，將喜劇融入硬橋硬馬嘅動作設計。八十年代《警察故事》系列確立佢嘅影壇地位，所有高危特技親身上陣，多次重傷都堅持唔用替身。九十年代成功打入荷李活，《尖峰時刻》系列令佢成為全球票房最高嘅亞洲影星之一。2016年獲頒奧斯卡終身成就獎，係首位獲得此殊榮嘅華人動作影星。 ## 李小龍 / Bruce Lee 1950s–1973. Bruce Lee, born in San Francisco in 1940 and raised in Hong Kong, began studying Wing Chun under Yip Man at thirteen. Moving to the United States in 1959, he studied philosophy at the University of Washington and developed Jeet Kune Do. Returning to Hong Kong in 1971, The Big Boss, Fist of Fury and Way of the Dragon shattered box-office records, and Enter the Dragon (1973) made him the first Chinese superstar of Western cinema. His sudden death in July 1973, aged 32, cut short a career that permanently transformed global perceptions of martial arts and the Chinese image. 李小龍1940年喺美國三藩市出世，喺香港長大，十三歲跟葉問學習詠春拳。1959年返美國後喺華盛頓大學修讀哲學，創立截拳道，將武術提升至哲學層次。1971年回港主演《唐山大兄》一炮而紅，其後《精武門》《猛龍過江》連破票房紀錄，1973年《龍爭虎鬥》令佢成為首位喺西方擔正嘅華人巨星。同年七月佢突然離世，終年32歲。佢重塑咗世界對中國功夫同華人形象嘅認知，至今仍是全球最具影響力嘅武術家同流行文化偶像。 ## 張國榮 / Leslie Cheung 1977–2003. Leslie Cheung, born in 1956, entered show business in 1977 through the ATV amateur singing contest, becoming a Cantopop legend in the 1980s with classics like The Wind Blows On and Monica. He rose to film stardom in John Woo's A Better Tomorrow (1986), followed by A Chinese Ghost Story and Rouge. His Peking-opera diva Cheng Dieyi in Farewell My Concubine (1993) became an icon of Chinese cinema, in the film that won the Palme d'Or at Cannes. His death on 1 April 2003, after leaping from the Mandarin Oriental hotel in Central, stunned the Chinese-speaking world. He remains one of the most fearless and authentic artists in Chinese entertainment history. 張國榮1956年出世，1977年憑麗的電視「亞洲業餘歌唱比賽」入行，《風繼續吹》《Monica》等金曲令佢喺八十年代成為樂壇巨星。1986年佢喺吳宇森《英雄本色》嶄露頭角，其後《倩女幽魂》《胭脂扣》確立戲路；1993年《霸王別姬》入面嘅程蝶衣成為華語影史經典角色，該片更奪得康城金棕櫚大獎。2003年4月1日佢喺中環文華東方酒店躍下離世，震動整個華人社會。佢係華語娛樂史上最勇於活出真我嘅藝人之一，「哥哥」嘅風采至今無人能替代。 ## 梅艷芳 / Anita Mui 1982–2003. Anita Mui, born in 1963, was singing on stage at Hong Kong's Lai Yuen amusement park by age four-and-a-half. She won the first New Talent Singing Awards in 1982, and her ever-changing image — from the rebellious Bad Girl to the world-weary Sunset Song — earned her the title 'Ever-Changing Diva', winning five consecutive Most Popular Female Singer awards from 1985 to 1989. She was equally celebrated on screen, winning both the Hong Kong Film Award and Golden Horse Best Actress for her role as Fleur in Stanley Kwan's Rouge (1987). Diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2003, she completed eight farewell concerts at the Hong Kong Coliseum before dying on 30 December 2003, aged 40 — leaving an irreplaceable mark on Hong Kong's collective memory. 梅艷芳1963年出世，四歲半已經同家姐梅愛芳喺荔園遊樂場賣唱，1982年憑第一屆新秀歌唱大賽冠軍入行。由《壞女孩》嘅叛逆到《夕陽之歌》嘅滄桑，佢嘅百變形象令佢被稱為「百變天后」，1985至1989年連續五屆奪得最受歡迎女歌星。電影方面一樣出色，1987年憑關錦鵬《胭脂扣》如花一角同時奪得金像獎同金馬獎影后。2003年9月佢公開自己患上子宮頸癌，仍然喺病中完成八場紅館經典金曲演唱會，同年12月30日離世，終年40歲。佢嘅俠氣、義氣同深情，令佢成為香港集體回憶入面最不能替代嘅一頁。 ## 王家衛 / Wong Kar-wai 1980s–present. Wong Kar-wai, born in Shanghai in 1958, moved to Hong Kong at five and began his career as a TV scriptwriter before directing Days of Being Wild (1991), which established his auteur style. Chungking Express (1994) captured urban loneliness through fragmented imagery; in 1997 he became the first Chinese director to win Best Director at Cannes, for Happy Together. In the Mood for Love (2000) turned 1960s Hong Kong restraint and longing into world-class aesthetics, regularly ranking among the greatest films of all time. His improvised shooting methods, signature sunglasses and obsession with time, memory and missed chances have made him Hong Kong's most internationally recognisable filmmaker. 王家衛1958年喺上海出世，五歲隨母親來港，理工學院美術設計系畢業後入電視台任編劇，1988年以《旺角卡門》執導出道。1991年《阿飛正傳》確立佢嘅作者風格；1994年《重慶森林》用支離破碎嘅影像拍出都市人嘅孤獨；1997年佢憑《春光乍洩》成為首位奪得康城影展最佳導演獎嘅華人導演。2000年《花樣年華》將六十年代香港嘅曖昧同壓抑拍成世界級美學，多年來喺各地影史評選入面名列前茅。唔用完整劇本即興拍攝、長年戴住墨鏡嘅神秘形象、對時間記憶同錯過嘅執念，令王家衛成為國際影壇上辨識度最高嘅香港導演。 ## 陳慧琳 / Kelly Chen 1995–present. Kelly Chen, born on 13 September 1972, studied graphic design at Parsons School of Design in New York before returning to Hong Kong to launch her career in 1995, appearing in Whatever Will Be, Will Be (1995) and releasing her debut album the same year. With her radiant, wholesome image, she rose to stardom across Greater China in the late 1990s and 2000s, with hits like Notebook and Flower Universe and numerous Hong Kong Coliseum concerts. A longtime UNICEF ambassador, she has championed education for underprivileged children in mainland China, and remains one of Cantopop's most representative divas. 陳慧琳1972年9月13日出世，喺紐約Parsons設計學院修讀平面設計，1995年回港出道，同年憑《仙樂飄飄》登上大銀幕並推出首張專輯《醉迷情人》。佢以健康亮麗形象走紅，九十年代尾至千禧年代紅遍兩岸，《記事本》《花花宇宙》等金曲家傳戶曉，多次喺紅館舉行個唱。佢一直熱心公益，長期支持內地貧困地區兒童教育，並擔任聯合國兒童基金會大使。婚後逐步減產嘅佢，仍然係香港樂壇最具代表性嘅天后之一。 ## 李嘉誠 / Li Ka-shing 1950s–present. Li Ka-shing was born in 1928 in Chaozhou, Guangdong, and fled with his family to Hong Kong in 1940 after the fall of the Chaoshan region, walking for more than ten days. After his father died in 1943 he left school at fifteen, working as a watch apprentice and then as a salesman in metal and plastics factories. In 1950 he founded Cheung Kong Plastics with HK$50,000 and built it into an exporter of plastic flowers to Europe and America, reaching HK$10 million of turnover by 1958 and earning him the name 'King of Plastic Flowers'. The same year he bought industrial land and put up his own factory block, beginning his move into property; Cheung Kong Properties was formed in 1971 and Cheung Kong Holdings listed in 1972, its shares sixty-five times oversubscribed. In 1979 he announced the purchase of a 22.4% stake in the British hong Hutchison Whampoa from HSBC — the first Chinese businessman to control a British trading house — and in 1981 the Far Eastern Economic Review put 'Superman Li' on its cover, a nickname that stuck. He went on to buy Hongkong Electric and Canada's Husky Energy, and in 1999 the sale of the British mobile operator Orange to Mannesmann earned a profit of more than HK$110 billion, then a record for a Hong Kong company. He retired in 2018 as senior adviser, handing the chairmanship to his elder son Victor Li; the Li Ka Shing Foundation is among the world's largest Chinese philanthropic foundations. 李嘉誠1928年生於廣東潮安，香港企業家、長江集團創辦人。1939年潮汕淪陷，他1940年隨家人徒步十多日逃難來港；1943年父親病逝後，十五歲便輟學，先後做過鐘錶學徒同五金廠、塑膠廠推銷員。1950年他以五萬元資本創辦長江塑膠廠，靠塑膠花打開歐美出口市場，1958年營業額達一千萬元，贏得「塑膠花大王」稱號。同年他購入工廠區地皮自建工業大廈，開始涉足地產；1971年成立長江地產，翌年長江實業上市，認購超額六十五倍。1979年他宣布向滙豐購入英資和記黃埔兩成二股權，成為首位控制英資洋行的華人，1981年《遠東經濟評論》以「李超人」做封面，從此成為他的代名詞。其後他收購香港電燈、加拿大赫斯基能源，1999年出售英國電訊公司Orange獲利逾一千一百億元，創下當時香港企業交易紀錄。2018年他宣布退休，轉任資深顧問，由長子李澤鉅接任主席；他創立的李嘉誠基金會亦係全球最大的華人慈善基金之一。 ## 區雪兒 / Susie Au 1990s–present. Susie Au is a highly influential Hong Kong director known for her avant-garde and aesthetically refined visual style. A graduate of the State University of New York's film school, she is a leading figure of Hong Kong's first generation of music video directors. In the 1990s, she directed numerous iconic music videos for superstars like Faye Wong, Jacky Cheung, and Eason Chan, redefining the artistic standards of the medium. Her creative work also spans across film, advertising, stage art, and photography. In 2006, her feature film "Ming Ming" was selected for several international film festivals, showcasing her unique cinematic aesthetics. 區雪兒是香港一位極具影響力的導演，以其前衛、唯美的視覺風格聞名。她畢業於紐約州立大學電影學院，是香港第一代MV導演的代表人物。在90年代，她為王菲、張學友、陳奕迅等巨星拍攝了大量經典MV，重新定義了音樂錄像的藝術高度。除了MV，她的創作領域還涵蓋電影、廣告、舞台藝術和攝影。2006年，她執導的電影《明明》入選多個國際電影節，展現了她獨特的電影美學。 ## 區焯文 / Au Chok-man 1990s–present. Born in 1975, Au Cheuk-man was a beloved children's television host on Cable TV in the early 2000s. Sacked in 2009 and unemployed for three years, he rebuilt himself as a film director with The Gigolo (2015), which grossed over HK$6 million. He then turned to social-realist films on animal welfare (2018) and father-son bonds (2023), and co-directed Papa (2024) — a remarkable evolution from tabloid-fodder director to socially engaged filmmaker. 區焯文1975年出世，畢業於香港演藝學院戲劇學院，九十年代末加入東方魅力做司儀，2000年代初喺有線兒童台主持《IQ雙拼》，係一代細路嘅童年回憶。2009年被解約後一度失業三年，人生低處轉戰電影，2015年執導《鴨王》翻身，港澳票房破六百萬。之後風格轉向寫實關懷：自資拍《毛俠》(2018)講動物保護，《說笑之人》(2023)寫父子情，2024年仲擔任《爸爸》嘅聯合導演，由話題導演蛻變成社會關懷型創作人。 ## 白雲 / . Bai Yun is a Hong Kong film director whose works explore social realism and the lives of ordinary Hongkongers. His films are noted for their grounded storytelling and authentic portrayal of Hong Kong society. 白雲係香港電影導演，作品以社會寫實主義為基礎，探討香港普通市民的生活狀態。佢嘅電影以貼地嘅敘事手法和對香港社會真實面貌嘅刻畫而著稱。 ## 畢國智 / . 畢國智 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 畢國智係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 鮑方 / . Pau Fong, born in 1922, was a celebrated actor-director of the Great Wall and Phoenix studios. Qu Yuan (1976), which he directed and starred in, recreated the poet's defiance with epic sweep and caused a sensation. Father of veteran actress Paw Hee-ching, he devoted his whole family to the screen and died in 2006, aged 84. 鮑方1922年出世，山東人，四十年代入行，長城同鳳凰公司嘅著名演員同導演，1976年自導自演《屈原》，以史詩氣魄再現詩人屈原嘅悲憤，轟動一時。佢亦係資深演員鮑起靜嘅父親，一家人都奉獻影壇，2006年離世，終年84歲。 ## 卜萬蒼 / . Bu Wancang, born in 1903 in Anhui, began as a cameraman and rose to prominence in the early 1930s; Three Modern Women (1933) created one of Ruan Lingyu's defining screen roles. He settled in Hong Kong around the war and kept directing until retiring in the 1960s, a key witness of Chinese cinema's shift from Shanghai to Hong Kong. 卜萬蒼1903年出世，安徽人，早年做攝影師，三十年代初執導《三個摩登女性》，創造出阮玲玉嘅經典銀幕形象。戰前後移居香港繼續執導，1960年代退休，係中國早期電影由上海過渡到香港嘅重要見證人。 ## 畢虎 / . 畢虎 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 畢虎係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 文偉鴻 / . A defining television producer of his generation, he began as a TVB scriptwriter. Line Walker (2014) made undercover-identity suspense a citywide obsession and spawned a film series, while A Fist Within Four Walls (2016) brought kung-fu action back to prime time. He later moved to the mainland market, exporting Hong Kong storytelling craft. 文偉鴻係近年香港電視劇嘅關鍵監製。佢喺無綫由編劇做起，2014年監製嘅《使徒行者》以「邊個係臥底」嘅懸念結構掀起全城追劇熱潮，成為該台近年最成功嘅警匪劇，其後更發展成電影系列。2016年嘅《城寨英雄》將功夫動作帶入黃金時段劇集，同樣引領話題。離開無綫後佢轉戰內地市場，繼續以強情節、強人物嘅劇集見長，係港式戲劇技藝向外輸出嘅代表人物之一。 ## 查傳誼 / Cha Chuen-yee 1980s–present. Cha Chuen-yee, born in 1956 with ancestral roots in Haining, Zhejiang, is a Hong Kong film director, producer and actor and a former Asia Television producer; his 1993 crime film earned him a best director nomination at the 13th Hong Kong Film Awards. His father, a Haining Cha clansman, became a Hong Kong screenwriter under the pen name Chow Yin, and his mother, daughter of a Republican-era Yunnan general, headed the publicity department of a Hong Kong film company. He is a distant clansman of the novelist Jin Yong, who belonged to the same generation as his father, though little is documented about the exact relationship. Cha began as a camera assistant at Television Broadcasts, became a cameraman at Commercial Television and rose to director there; after the station closed he moved to RTV for dramas including a popular crime series. He left Asia Television in 1984 to work for Shaw Brothers and Taiwanese television, returned to Hong Kong in 1988 to join D&B Films and made his directorial debut that year. A 1994 serial-killer film is his other best-known work, and in recent years he has worked mainly on the mainland. 查傳誼1956年生，原籍浙江海寧，係香港電影導演、監製、演員同前亞洲電視監製，1993年憑《溶屍奇案》獲1994年第13屆香港電影金像獎最佳導演提名。佢父親查良景係浙江海寧人（海寧查氏），後期於香港擔任電影編劇，筆名周然；母親金芝係中華民國大陸時期滇軍將領金漢鼎嘅女兒，在香港曾任南方影業公司宣傳部負責人。查傳誼與名作家查良鏞（金庸）均為海寧查氏人，查良鏞係二十二代良字輩，與查傳誼父親同輩，但並無太多關於兩者確切親戚關係嘅資料。查傳誼最初在無綫電視當攝影助手，後投身佳藝電視擔任攝影師，其後晉升為編導；佳視倒閉後轉投麗的電視，拍攝《新大丈夫》及《奇女子》等劇集。1984年佢離開亞洲電視，先後替邵氏及台灣電視台工作；1988年回港加入德寶電影公司，執導處女作《發達先生》。除《溶屍奇案》外，1994年嘅《屯門色魔》亦係佢嘅電影代表作。近年佢主要在中國大陸發展。 ## 陳友 / . Anthony Chan, born 1953, was the drummer of the Wynners, the 1970s pop sensation led by Alan Tam and Kenny Bee. He moved into film comedy in the 1980s and later directed films of his own. In 2015 he moved a whole generation playing the Taoist master in Juno Mak's Rigor Mortis, a loving homage to the vampire films of the 1980s. 陳友1953年出世，七十年代係「溫拿樂隊」嘅鼓手，同譚詠麟、鍾鎮濤等五人紅遍東南亞。八十年代全體轉戰影壇，佢以傻得嚟有觀察力嘅喜劇演出見稱，多番同吳君如、林敏驄等擦出笑料，後來亦執起導演筒。2015年佢喺麥浚龍《殭屍》飾演法師「阿友」，同錢小豪重演八九十年代殭屍片情懷，令一代觀眾感動，證明呢位老笑匠嘅生命力。 ## 陳翊恆 / . 陳翊恆 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 陳翊恆係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 陳永煜 / . A Hong Kong film director whose name is recorded in specialist reference works on the city's filmmakers, Chan Wing-yuk belongs to the long relay of behind-the-camera creators who carried Hong Kong cinema through its different eras — his career running in step with the industry's rises and falls. 陳永煜係香港電影導演，名字被收入香港電影導演嘅專門參考文獻之中。對香港電影嚟講，每一段年代都要靠呢類幕前幕後嘅創作人去接力：由片場學徒到獨立執導，佢嘅軌跡同香港影業嘅起落同步，作品成為呢個城市影像記錄嘅一部分。 ## 陳果 / . Fruit Chan, born in Guangdong in 1959, moved to Hong Kong at ten and worked his way up from production assistant to assistant director. His ultra-low-budget independent debut Made in Hong Kong (1997), a portrait of despairing marginal youth on the eve of the handover, won him the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Director and acclaim at international festivals. The Longest Summer, Little Cheung and Durian Durian continued his gaze at Hong Kong's underclass, and Hollywood Hong Kong competed at Berlin. Known as the standard-bearer of Hong Kong independent film, Chan has always kept his camera on the street, recording the city's changes with raw, vigorous imagery. 陳果1959年喺廣東出世，十歲隨家人移居香港，由電影廠場務、副導演慢慢熬起，1997年以低成本獨立製作《香港製造》一鳴驚人，講述回歸前夕邊緣少年嘅絕望，奪得香港電影金像獎最佳導演，並揚威多個國際影展。其後《去年煙花特別多》《細路祥》同《榴槤飄飄》延續佢對底層香港嘅關懷，《香港有個荷里活》更入圍柏林影展競賽。陳果嘅作品始終貼住街頭，用粗糙而有力嘅影像紀錄城市嘅變遷同小人物嘅尊嚴，被譽為香港獨立電影嘅旗手。 ## 陳嘉上 / . Gordon Chan, born in 1960, began as a screenwriter in the 1980s. King of Beggars (1992) with Stephen Chow and Fist of Legend (1994) — now regarded as a benchmark of kung-fu cinema — established his reputation, and Beast Cops (1998) swept the Hong Kong Film Awards for Best Film and Best Director, while the hit Painted Skin (2008) extended his reach. He has long served the industry, including as chairman of the Hong Kong Film Awards Association. 陳嘉上1960年出世，八十年代由編劇入行，1992年執導周星馳主演嘅《武狀元蘇乞兒》，1994年《精武英雄》成為功夫片教科書式經典，1998年《野獸刑警》橫掃香港電影金像獎最佳電影同最佳導演，2008年《畫皮》再創票房佳績。佢多年來熱心影圈公職，曾出任香港電影金像獎協會主席，積極推動工業發展同新人培育。 ## 陳慶嘉 / . A screenwriter-director with a flair for urban romantic comedy, Clarence Chan won the Hong Kong Film Critics Society Best Screenplay award for scripts including the gangland satire Jiang Hu: The Triad Zone (2000). He directed the hit La Brassiere (2001), packaging women's issues as mainstream comedy and spawning a series. 陳慶嘉係香港影壇橫跨編劇同導演嘅創作人，以都市男女喜劇見長。佢嘅編劇作品《熱血最強》(1996)同《江湖告急》(2000)先後獲香港電影評論學會大獎最佳編劇，後者以荒誕筆法寫黑幫大佬嘅末世幽默，至今仍係港產黑色喜劇嘅經典。2001年佢執導《絕世好Bra》，將女性議題包裝成輕喜劇，票房理想之餘亦開創系列。佢嘅作品往往喺通俗包裝入面藏住對身份同情感嘅敏銳觀察。 ## 陳鴻楷 / . 陳鴻楷 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 陳鴻楷係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 陳家蓀 / Ricky Chan 1960s–2019. Ricky Chan (1946–2019) was a veteran Hong Kong director and musician who later hosted a long-running music programme on Chinese-language radio in Canada. Raised in Mong Kok and Ho Man Tin, he was the keyboardist of a mid-1960s band with Teddy Robin and his brothers and other musicians, billed as Hong Kong's Beatles. In the early 1970s he joined Television Broadcasts as a director, working on variety and comedy programmes, and then moved into film, turning several of his television shows into features released between 1977 and 1980. In 1980 he became general manager of a film company and oversaw the production of Tsui Hark's controversial 1980 film; the following year he set up an advertising company with his sister, the actress Nora Miao. He wrote a nostalgic music film in 1982 and directed a ghost comedy starring Shek Kin in 1984. He emigrated to Toronto in the 1990s and died there of cancer on 8 September 2019, aged 73. 陳家蓀（1946–2019），香港資深導演、音樂人兼加拿大中文電台音樂節目主持。佢喺旺角、何文田一帶長大，1960年代中期與泰迪羅賓三兄弟、鄭東漢等六人合組有「香港披頭四」美譽嘅Teddy Robin and the Playboys，擔任鍵盤手。1970年代初佢加入無綫電視任編導，製作《歡樂今宵》、喜劇節目《點只咁簡單》同《林亞珍》，其後跨界電影，把電視節目改成電影版，包括《點只捉賊咁簡單》（1977）、《林亞珍》（1979）同《摩登土佬》（1980，編導）。1980年佢出任影藝電影公司總經理，統籌徐克《第一類型危險》嘅製作；1981年與胞妹苗可秀合組靈活廣告製作傳播公司，1982年編劇懷舊音樂電影《涼茶‧馬尾‧飛機頭》，1984年編導《奸人鬼》。1990年代佢移民加拿大多倫多，主持長壽懷舊音樂節目《一起走過的日子》，2019年9月8日因癌病於多倫多離世，終年73歲。 ## 陳國華 / . 陳國華 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 陳國華係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 陳國輝 / . 陳國輝 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 陳國輝係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 陳望華 / . 陳望華 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 陳望華係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 陳木勝 / . Benny Chan, born in 1964, began as a TVB drama director under Johnnie To's tutelage. His debut A Moment of Romance (1990) made Andy Lau's white suit and motorcycle an enduring icon, and he went on to define the blistering Hong Kong cop-action with Full Alert, Rob-B-Hood and The White Storm. He died of nasopharyngeal cancer in August 2020, mourned across the industry. 陳木勝1964年出世，由TVB編導做起，師承杜琪峯，1990年執導《天若有情》，劉德華西裝電單車嘅形象成為一代經典。其後以《衝鋒隊之怒火街頭》《寶貝計劃》《掃毒》等確立火爆警匪動作路線。2020年8月佢因鼻咽癌離世，影壇同演員們深切悼念呢位永遠衝喺現場炮火最前線嘅導演。 ## 陳可辛 / Peter Ho-Sun Chan 1980s–present. Peter Chan, born in Hong Kong in 1962 and raised in Thailand, returned in the 1980s and rose from assistant director and producer to co-founding the UFO film company in 1992, pioneering urbane romantic comedy. Tom, Dick and Hairy (1993) and He Ain't Heavy... He's My Father showcased the brand, but Comrades: Almost a Love Story (1996) swept nine Hong Kong Film Awards including Best Film and Best Director, and is hailed as one of Hong Kong cinema's most moving romances. Moving north in the 2000s, Perhaps Love (2005) revived the Chinese musical, and American Dreams in China (2013) earned him the Golden Rooster for Best Director, making him a standard-bearer of mainland–Hong Kong co-productions. 陳可辛1962年喺香港出世，泰國長大，八十年代回流香港入電影圈，由副導演、監製做起，1992年夥拍李志毅等人創立UFO電影公司，以都會愛情喜劇開闢新路線。1994年《金枝玉葉》廣受歡迎，1996年《甜蜜蜜》橫掃香港電影金像獎九個大獎，包括最佳電影同最佳導演，被譽為香港電影史上最動人嘅愛情片之一。2000年代北上發展，《如果·愛》(2005) 開啟內地歌舞片潮流，《中國合夥人》(2013) 為佢贏得金雞獎最佳導演，成為中港合拍片嘅代表導演。 ## 陳欣健 / . Philip Chan, born 1945, was a serving Hong Kong police inspector before joining the film industry as consultant and co-writer of The Hash (1976), bringing real policing experience into Hong Kong crime cinema. Familiar to audiences as police superintendents in films like Police Story, he also held senior roles at the Hong Kong Film Awards Association and helped run early Cable TV operations. 陳欣健1945年出世，曾經係真實嘅香港警隊督察，親身經歷過警匪對峙嘅年代。1976年佢為電影《跳灰》擔任顧問兼參與編劇，索性離開警隊轉投影圈，將一手真實警務經驗帶入港產警匪片，影響深遠。佢演出《警察故事》等片時經常飾演警司，係觀眾最熟悉嘅「警察專業戶」之一；亦長期擔任香港電影金像獎協會要職，並曾參與有線電視早期嘅營運，係影圈少數橫跨台前幕後同管理層嘅人物。 ## 陳銅民 / Chan Tung-man 1957–1977. Chan Tung-man (1931–2023), born Chan Yeung-man, was a Hong Kong film director, screenwriter and veteran media man, and the father of the celebrated director Peter Chan. Of Chaozhou ancestry, he was born to a Thai-Chinese father and moved to Thailand with his mother as a child; he briefly returned to China for schooling at seven but went back to Thailand when Japan invaded, later teaching Chinese at a local secondary school. In 1956 he went to Beijing to study film directing, and in 1957 joined Great Wall Film Company in Hong Kong as a screenwriter before moving to a new studio founded by the producer Ng Yan-on, for which he wrote several screenplays. When that company closed he joined another studio but was given no work, so in 1963 he changed careers and became an editor at a leading Hong Kong newspaper. In 1968 he joined the Cathay organisation, writing and assistant-directing a film before becoming deputy head of publicity and editing Cathay's official magazine, and later became publicity chief at Shaw Brothers. In 1972 he and family members founded a production company, for which he personally directed its first film and several more, one of which won a best actress prize at the 19th Asian Film Festival; another later inspired Peter Chan's Bodyguards and Assassins. He stopped directing after a 1977 Japan co-production and, from the 1980s, lived out his life in Thailand writing editorials for a Thai-Chinese daily. He died at home in Thailand in February 2023, aged 92. 陳銅民（1931–2023），原名陳養民，係香港電影導演、編劇、資深傳媒人，其子為香港著名導演陳可辛。佢祖籍廣東潮州，父親為泰國華僑，幼年隨母親移居泰國，七歲曾返鄉求學，因日軍侵華再度返泰，曾在當地中學任中文教師。1956年佢到北京進修電影導演；1957年加入香港長城製片公司任編劇，後轉投袁仰安自組嘅新新影業公司，編寫劇本包括《十夜柔情》、《浪子雙娃》及《追車記》。新新結業後佢再轉投鳳凰影業，惟未獲委派工作，遂於1963年轉行到《明報》任編輯。1968年佢加入國泰機構，為電影《千手佛》任編劇和助導，完成後轉任宣傳部副主任，兼編輯國泰官方刊物《國際電影》，不久轉入邵氏兄弟任宣傳主任。1972年佢與家人陳養素、陳養黎自組大同影業公司，親自執導公司首部電影《大地雙英》，其後執導《奪命客》、《狼女》、《赤膽好漢》；其中《奪命客》獲第19屆亞洲影展最佳女主角「魚獅」獎，《赤膽好漢》亦啟發其子陳可辛監製《十月圍城》。1977年佢與日本導演聯合執導由千葉真一主演嘅電影後不再執導；1980年代息影後一直定居泰國，為《泰國世界日報》執筆寫社論，2023年2月9日凌晨在泰國家中午離世，享年92歲。 ## 張艾嘉 / Sylvia Chang 1970s–present. Sylvia Chang, born in 1953 and formerly known as Chang Ai-chia, is a Taiwanese actress, screenwriter, director and singer who chaired the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival executive committee from 2014 to 2018 and served as a non-official member of the Hong Kong Film Development Council from 2019 to 2025. She has twice won best actress at the Hong Kong Film Awards and three times at the Golden Horse Awards, took both best actress and a lifetime achievement honour at the Asian Film Awards in 2018, and received a national award for arts in 2021. She was born in Chiayi, Taiwan, and spent her childhood in a military dependants' village there; her family roots lie in Wutai county, Shanxi. Her father, an air force officer, was killed aged thirty-one when his transport plane crashed into a mountain in Hsinchu in February 1955, leaving a wife and two daughters — Sylvia was then barely a year old. Her maternal grandfather had headed the Broadcasting Corporation of China, served as government information chief and led the Central News Agency, and a noted comedian was her cousin-uncle. She lived briefly in the United States with her mother as a child and attended a private primary school in Taipei; at twelve she moved to Kowloon City in Hong Kong, later studying in New York and returning to Taiwan at fifteen for secondary school. A radio DJ at sixteen and a singer and host at seventeen, she became famous in the 1970s as a singer and actress and starred in the Aces Go Places series for Hong Kong audiences. She turned to directing in the 1980s, winning her first Golden Horse best actress award with her debut, and continued with delicately observed portraits of women while championing young filmmakers across the Chinese-speaking world. 張艾嘉1953年生，前稱張愛嘉，係臺灣女演員、編劇、導演、歌手，曾任第6屆臺北金馬影展執行委員會主席（2014年至2018年）、香港電影發展局非官方委員（2019年4月1日至2025年3月31日）。佢兩次榮獲香港電影金像獎最佳女主角，三次榮獲金馬獎最佳女主角，2018年成為亞洲電影大獎最佳女主角和終身成就獎得主，2021年榮獲第22屆國家文藝獎。張艾嘉出生於臺灣嘉義市，童年於嘉義縣大林社團新村度過，籍貫山西省五臺縣豆村；其父張文莊為中華民國空軍軍官，1955年2月19日駕駛C-47型機在新竹撞山罹難，年僅31歲，其時張艾嘉只有1歲大，身後留下一妻二女。其外公魏景蒙曾任中國廣播公司總經理、中華民國第六任新聞局長、中央通訊社社長等職，蔣光超為其表舅。張艾嘉曾跟著母親去美國定居和接受教育，又曾入讀臺北市私立再興小學；12歲時移居香港九龍城，入讀新法書院小學部五年級，後來到了美國紐約就學，15歲回台灣入讀新北市私立聖心女子高級中學及台北美國學校。佢16歲成為電台DJ，踏入台灣娛樂圈，17歲當上歌手和主持，七十年代以歌手同演員身份走紅，主演《最佳拍檔》系列紅遍香港，其後執導《最愛》、《心動》、《20 30 40》等作品，以細膩筆觸描寫女性情感，並長期支持兩岸三地年輕導演。 ## 張徹 / Cheh Chang 1960s–1980s. Chang Cheh, born in 1923, joined the Shaw Brothers in the 1960s and redefined action cinema with One-Armed Swordsman (1967), Hong Kong's first million-dollar hit, establishing his muscular 'masculine violence' aesthetic. He launched the careers of Ti Lung, David Chiang, Chen Kuan-tai and Alexander Fu Sheng, and profoundly influenced successors like John Woo, who regards him as a mentor. He died in 2002, aged 79. 張徹1923年出世，浙江人，上海長大，戰後投身電影，六十年代加入邵氏，1967年《獨臂刀》成為香港首部票房過百萬嘅電影，確立佢嘅「陽剛暴力美學」。佢先後捧紅狄龍、姜大衛、陳觀泰、傅聲等一代武打明星，對吳宇森等後輩影響至深，吳宇森更視佢為恩師。2002年離世，終年79歲。 ## 張沖 / . 張沖 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 張沖係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 張喬夫 / . 張喬夫 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 張喬夫係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 張曾澤 / Chang Tseng-chai 1950s–1990s. Born in 1931 to a Qingdao family, Chang Tseng-chai graduated from the Political Warfare Cadres Academy's drama department and began in film as a documentary editor and director of military training shorts. When Li Han-hsiang founded Grand Motion Picture in Taiwan, Chang was the first local director he promoted; he went on to be a contract director for Central Pictures, Cathay (Hong Kong) and Shaw Brothers, making dozens of features. He won the Golden Horse Award for Best Director twice, for The Road Runner and The Everlasting Glory, and later founded a television production company whose dramas won Golden Bell awards. He died in 2010. 張曾澤1931年出世，原籍青島，政工幹校影劇系畢業，先喺中國電影製片廠做紀錄片剪接同軍教片導演。李翰祥喺台灣創辦國聯影業時，佢係第一位獲提拔嘅本地導演，之後歷任中影、國泰（香港）同邵氏兄弟嘅基本導演，執導數十部電影。佢憑《路客與刀客》同《筧橋英烈傳》兩度奪得金馬獎最佳導演，《悲歡歲月》獲中國文藝獎章電影導演獎。1982年創辦大涵影視傳播，電視作品《前夫》獲金鐘獎導播獎。2010年逝世。 ## 張揚 / . A Hong Kong film director whose name appears in specialist reference works, Cheung Yeung belongs to the pragmatic, unassuming cohort of filmmakers who kept Hong Kong production lines running — delivering work under tight budgets and schedules that once made the city the Hollywood of the East. 張揚係香港電影導演，其名字見於香港電影導演嘅專門文獻。香港電影以外向、類型化聞名，但撐起呢個行業嘅，仲有大量務實而低調嘅導演——佢哋喺預算同檔期之間完成創作，令香港成為曾經年產逾百部電影嘅東方荷里活。 ## 張家輝 / . Nick Cheung, born 1967, spent three years as a policeman before entering show business in 1989. Long typecast in comic sidekick roles, he turned serious as an icy gangster in Johnnie To's Breaking News (2004), then swept the acting awards and his first Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor as a deranged killer in The Beast Stalker (2008). He won a second Best Actor for the ageing boxer in Unbeatable (2013). Married to actress Esther Kwan, he turned director with Hungry Ghost Ritual (2015). 張家輝1967年出世，年輕時曾做過三年警員，1989年轉投演藝圈，早年喺電視台以喜劇演出為主，俾人定型做搞笑配角。2004年佢喺杜琪峯《大事件》飾演冷面悍匪開始轉型，2008年憑《證人》嘅變態殺手一角橫掃多個男演員獎，並首奪香港電影金像獎最佳男主角。2013年再憑《激戰》入面嘅過氣拳手「程輝」二度稱帝，為角色練成一身肌肉。佢同關詠荷結婚多年，2015年自編自導《陀地驅魔人》，開展導演生涯。 ## 鄭保瑞 / . Soi Cheang, born in 1972, worked his way up from production assistant, breaking through with the fierce Dog Bite Dog and Accident. The Monkey King trilogy made him a blockbuster mainstay, and Twilight of the Warriors: Walled In (2024), reviving the legendary Kowloon Walled City and its brotherhood, became a box-office and critical triumph, winning the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Film. 鄭保瑞1972年出世，由場務、副導演做起，2000年代以《狗咬狗》《意外》嘅凌厲風格嶄露頭角，其後執導《西遊記》三部曲成為華語大片票房保證。2024年《九龍城寨之圍城》重現香港傳奇社區嘅兄弟情義，票房口碑雙收，更奪得香港電影金像獎最佳電影，掀起全城「九龍城寨」旋風。 ## 陳方 / . 陳方 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 陳方係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 陳鴻烈 / . Born in Shanghai in 1943, Chen Hung-lieh rose to fame as the archetypal villain of 1970s Taiwanese swordplay cinema after starting at Shaw Brothers. Back in Hong Kong he became a beloved TVB veteran, best remembered as Zuo Lengchan in the 1996 series The Smiling, Proud Wanderer. He died of a heart attack on set in November 2009, aged 66. 陳鴻烈1943年喺上海出世，六十年代加入邵氏，之後赴台灣發展，憑武俠片反派角色紅極一時，係七十年代台灣武俠片最惡名昭彰嘅「大反派」。九十年代回流香港加入無綫，1996年版《笑傲江湖》嘅左冷禪一角深入民心，成為佢晚期嘅代表作。2009年11月，佢喺拍攝《畢打自己人》期間心臟病發離世，終年66歲，圈中同輩藝人無不惋惜呢位由影壇打滾到電視嘅老戲骨。 ## 陳德森 / . Teddy Chen, born in 1958, rose from continuity clerk and assistant director to acclaim with the spy thriller Purple Storm (1999). Bodyguards and Assassins (2009), his decade-long labour depicting ordinary Hong Kong people protecting Sun Yat-sen in 1906, swept the 29th Hong Kong Film Awards and earned him Best Director. 陳德森1958年出世，由場記、副導演做起，1999年以諜戰動作片《紫雨風暴》嶄露頭角。2009年傾注十年心血嘅《十月圍城》，講述1906年香港各階層義士保護孫中山嘅故事，橫掃第二十九屆香港電影金像獎，佢亦憑該片奪得最佳導演。 ## 陳大利 / . 陳大利 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 陳大利係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 陳志發 / Steve Chan Chi-fat 2012–present. Steve Chan Chi-fat, born in 1989, is a Hong Kong director, screenwriter and producer. He grew up in Tai Yuen Estate in Tai Po and did badly at school, repeating a year in primary four, and as a teenager was briefly addicted to online games and took up Goju-ryu karate, finishing third in a territory-wide youth championship in 2005. He left Tai Po Government Secondary School in 2007 with 11 points and all subjects passed at the HKCEE, then studied multimedia design and digital entertainment at the Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education while gaining experience with a music-video director. Graduating in film from Baptist University's film academy in 2012, he worked as a television programme director from 2012 to 2013 and also took editing, animation and commercials jobs. In 2016 he directed his first feature, a coming-of-age film supported by a HK$2 million government grant under the First Feature Film Initiative and shown at the 40th Hong Kong International Film Festival; it earned him a best new director nomination at the 36th Hong Kong Film Awards in 2017, and in 2018 he received a Baptist University outstanding communication alumnus award. 陳志發1989年生，香港男導演、編劇同監製。佢喺新界大埔大元邨長大，小學至中三成績一向差劣，小四時曾因成績未達標留班一年；中學時期一度沉迷網上遊戲，亦曾愛上剛柔流空手道，奪2005年度全港青少年空手道大賽男童16至17歲自由組手季軍。2007年佢畢業於大埔官立中學，會考取得11分且全部科目及格，其後到香港專業教育學院修讀多媒體設計及數碼娛樂高級文憑，並跟隨音樂錄像導演累積創作經驗。2012年佢畢業於香港浸會大學傳理學院電影學院（主修電影），2012至2013年喺無綫電視任職節目導演，亦做過剪接、動畫設計同廣告拍攝。2016年佢首度執導電影《點五步》，該片為「首部劇情電影計劃」大專組優勝作品，獲政府電影發展基金撥款200萬港元拍攝，並入選第四十屆香港國際電影節；2017年佢憑此片獲第36屆香港電影金像獎新晉導演提名，2018年獲浸大頒發傑出傳理人獎。 ## 陳梓桓 / Chan Tze-woon 2013–present. Chan Tze-woon, born in 1989, is an independent Hong Kong documentary director whose work focuses on social movements and historical memory, tracing how times changed and how participants reflected on them; his best-known titles are a 2016 debut and a 2022 follow-up. Graduating from Hong Kong Baptist University's film school in 2013, he made a mockumentary for his graduation project that imagined the government secretly sedating the public through the water supply in order to examine political apathy and deference to authority. A 2014 short imagined official cloud-seeding to affect a march and was shot around key political moments that year. Soon after graduating he followed participants through 97 days of the Umbrella Movement, and his first feature-length documentary about it — narrated in the first person — was nominated for best documentary at the Golden Horse Awards and won the top prize at the Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival in Japan. He began his second feature in 2017, mixing documentary and fiction to examine protest across generations; it won a prize at the Taiwan International Documentary Festival and another Golden Horse nomination. 陳梓桓1989年生，係香港獨立紀錄片導演，作品聚焦香港社會運動與歷史記憶，透過影像記錄時代變遷同參與者嘅心路歷程，著名作品有《亂世備忘》、《憂鬱之島》等。佢2013年畢業於香港浸會大學電影學院，畢業作品《香港人不知道的》採用偽紀錄片形式，假設政府暗中在食水中添加鎮靜劑，探討香港市民嘅政治冷感同對權威嘅盲信；2014年作品《作為雨水：表象及意志》則假設政府以人造雨影響市民遊行，拍攝期間經歷622公投、七一遊行等關鍵時刻。畢業後佢很快遇上雨傘運動，在歷時97日嘅運動中一路跟拍參與者；首部長篇紀錄片《亂世備忘》以該運動為題，以第一人稱視角深入描繪參與者嘅經歷與反思，獲金馬獎最佳紀錄片提名，並於日本山形國際紀錄片影展奪得最高榮譽「小川紳介獎」。2017年佢開始籌拍《憂鬱之島》，結合紀實與劇情元素探討不同世代嘅抗爭經歷，作品獲台灣國際紀錄片影展再見真實獎，並再次獲金馬獎最佳紀錄片提名。 ## 程步高 / . Cheng Bugao, born in 1899 in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, directed The Torrent (1933) at the Mingxing studio — among the first films to tackle the Yangtze floods, launching the leftist realist wave — followed by Spring Silkworms, adapted from Mao Dun's novel. After the war he moved to Hong Kong and directed for the Great Wall studio, a key transitional figure between Shanghai and Hong Kong cinema. 程步高1899年出世，浙江嘉興人，三十年代喺明星影片公司執導《狂流》，率先以長江水災為題材，開啟左翼現實主義電影浪潮，其後《春蠶》將茅盾名著搬上銀幕。戰後移居香港，為長城電影公司執導多部作品，係上海到香港電影史嘅關鍵過渡人物。 ## 鄭中基 / Ronald Cheng 1996–present. Ronald Cheng, born in 1972, is a Hong Kong singer, actor and television host, the son of the record executive Norman Cheng, a former Asia-Pacific head of PolyGram and founder of Gold Label. He finished secondary school at St Louis School in 1989 and went to the United States to study business with a minor in music history. A keen singer from childhood, he often hung around the PolyGram offices and studios and got to know leading producers. In 1995, while Jacky Cheung was recording in Los Angeles, Cheng was spotted by Cheung's producer and began singing backing vocals on his records, also taking lessons alongside Cheung — his route into the Hong Kong music industry. His 1996 debut album, led by a duet with Jacky Cheung, made his name instantly and sold some 350,000 copies in Taiwan and a million across Asia, while a second album the same year sold 500,000 in Taiwan and two million in Asia; both were certified platinum in 1997. From the 2000s he reinvented himself as a comedian, his self-mocking style shining in hit comedies, and in 2013 he won best supporting actor at the 32nd Hong Kong Film Awards. 鄭中基1972年出生於養和醫院，係香港男歌手、演員及主持人，父親為唱片業高層鄭東漢（前寶麗金亞洲太平洋區總裁、金牌娛樂創辦人）。佢1989年畢業於聖類斯中學中五年級，後赴美國進修，主修商業、副修音樂史。鄭中基自小喜歡唱歌，加上家庭背景而常到寶麗金辦公室同錄音室「偷師」，因而與周啟生、向雪懷、葉廣權等著名製作人相熟。1995年張學友飛往美國洛杉磯為大碟錄音期間，鄭中基獲張學友御用監製歐丁玉賞識，正式獲安排唱和音（例如在《過敏世界》專輯內擔任和音），並與張學友一起拜師學藝，從而進入香港樂壇。1996年佢推出首張個人專輯《左右為難》，同名主打歌與張學友合唱，令佢一炮而紅，該專輯在台灣累計銷售35萬張、全亞洲達100萬張；同年年底推出第二張專輯《別愛我》，在台灣累計銷售50萬張、全亞洲達200萬張，兩張專輯均於1997年獲台灣IFPI認證為白金唱片。2000年代佢轉型喜劇演員，自嘲式搞笑風格令佢喺《龍咁威》等片大放異彩，2013年更憑《低俗喜劇》獲得第32屆香港電影金像獎最佳男配角。 ## 鄭思傑 / Clement Cheng Sze-kit 2010–present. Clement Cheng Sze-kit is a Canadian Hong Kong film director and screenwriter best known for co-directing Gallants with Kwok Tsz-kin in 2010. Born in Hong Kong, he emigrated to Vancouver after primary school and grew up steeped in Hong Kong cinema. He studied interior design at university and worked as a radio DJ in Canada before dropping out and returning to Hong Kong to enter the film industry, attending a directing and writing course taught by Ann Hui, Wong Kar-wai and Wong Jing. He began as a DJ, interior designer, English advertising copywriter and art department hand, then moved into screenwriting and assistant directing while also directing commercials and music videos. Gallants, his first feature, won best film of 2010 from the Hong Kong Film Critics Society, best screenplay from the Hong Kong Screenwriters' Guild and a place on the Wall Street Journal's Asian top ten list; it was invited to more than twenty festivals and took the audience award at the New York Asian Film Festival, and earned him several international best new director nominations. His second feature, made for a charity, topped a critics' poll of Chinese-language films that year. Gallants won four prizes including best film at the 30th Hong Kong Film Awards. 鄭思傑係加拿大籍香港電影導演同編劇，最知名作品係2010年與郭子健聯合執導嘅《打擂台》。佢生於香港，小學後移民加拿大溫哥華，自幼深受港產片薰陶，大學時修讀室內設計專業，亦曾在加國任職電台DJ，及後中途輟學回港加入電影行業，並參加過有許鞍華、王家衛同王晶等導演執教嘅編導訓練班。早年佢從事唱片騎師、室內設計師、廣告英文撰稿同電影美術工作，後轉職為編劇及副導演，更為廣告同音樂錄影帶執導。《打擂台》係鄭思傑首次執導嘅電影作品，贏得香港電影評論學會大獎「2010年度最佳電影」、香港編劇家協會「2010年度最佳劇本」同《華爾街日報》「2010年度亞洲十大最出色電影」等獎項，被邀參展超過二十個國際電影節，並獲紐約亞洲電影節「觀眾票選最佳電影」，佢亦獲提名多個國際新晉導演獎項；同年佢為東華三院執導第二部電影《東風破》，獲兩岸三地影評人協會聯盟選為「2010年度十大華語電影」第一位。《打擂台》在第30屆香港電影金像獎獲「最佳電影」等四項殊榮。 ## 鄭則仕 / Kent Cheng 1972–present. Kent Cheng, born in 1951 as Cheng Jak-si and nicknamed Fat Kent, Brother Kent and Fat Cat, is a Hong Kong actor who has twice won the Hong Kong Film Award for best actor, for Why Me? and for a 1996 police drama. Of Chaozhou descent, he was born in Shantou and moved to Hong Kong as a small child, living first in a rooftop flat on a Wan Chai street and later in a resettlement estate in Wang Tau Hom; he was the eldest of eight in a poor family. He left school before finishing secondary education to work as a jewellery apprentice, and having been captivated by the child actress Fung Bo-bo he wrote an essay at primary school declaring his ambition to be an actor, for which a teacher scolded him for vanity. He graduated from a primary school in Kowloon in 1965 as a member of its first cohort and was allocated a place at Ying Wa College the same year, but after Form One his family could afford to educate only one child and he dropped out so his younger brother could continue. At fourteen he became an apprentice gem setter, taking evening classes, and around 1972 he qualified and worked as a goldsmith — spending a decade in the jewellery trade. He entered the industry in 1973–74 through a film company's training course, initially playing bit parts; his portrayal of an intellectually disabled young man later sealed his reputation as a serious actor, and the character became a pop-culture landmark when he revived it on television. 鄭則仕1951年生，原名鄭則時，人稱肥Kent、Kent哥、肥貓、老虎狗，係香港男演員，曾憑電影《何必有我？》及《三個受傷的警察》榮獲兩屆香港電影金像獎最佳男主角殊榮。佢籍貫廣東潮州，在汕頭出生，幼年時跟隨父母移居香港，於香港島灣仔登龍街一帶嘅天台單位居住，後移居橫頭磡徙置區；出身貧窮家庭，是家中長子，一家共有八口。鄭則仕中學未畢業就到珠寶店做學徒；由於深受演員馮寶寶影響，自小對戲劇產生很大興趣，曾於小學四年級以「我的志願」為題作文，謂長大後要做演員，卻被老師斥責貪慕虛榮。他1965年畢業於香港紅卍字會九龍卍慈小學（該校第一屆畢業生），同年獲派入讀英華書院，完成中一年級課程後因家境只夠供一個孩子升學而選擇輟學，讓胞弟繼續唸中學。佢14歲投身社會到首飾工場當鑲嵌技工學徒，期間曾到陳樹渠紀念中學夜校部進修，直至1972年滿師未幾轉到景福珠寶當金飾師傅，在珠寶業前後發展十年。1973年至1974年，鄭則仕透過參加長弓電影公司培訓班而入行，早期多演跑龍套角色，其後憑《何必有我？》飾演智障青年「肥貓」而奠定演技派地位，並在電視延續肥貓角色，成為香港流行文化標記。 ## 程剛 / . A meticulous Shaw Brothers veteran, Cheng Kang directed the epic Fourteen Amazons (1972), honoured at the Golden Horse Awards. He is also the father of Ching Siu-tung, the action choreographer-director behind A Chinese Ghost Story — two generations who each shaped Hong Kong wuxia cinema in their own era. 程剛係邵氏資深導演，以認真考究見稱，代表作《十四女英豪》(1972)調動大軍拍楊門女將嘅故事，場面宏大，獲得金馬獎肯定。佢更為人熟悉嘅另一身份係程小東嘅父親——後來執導《倩女幽魂》嘅動作大師程小東就係佢個仔。父子兩代，一個以傳統戲曲功架拍武俠，一個以凌空飛天革新動作場面，共同見證香港武俠片由邵氏到新浪潮嘅變遷。 ## 鄭兆強 / . The house cinematographer of Milkyway Image, Cheng Siu-keung has shot Johnnie To's classics — The Mission, PTU, Election, Mad Detective — for over two decades. His cold, precisely composed frames define the studio's aesthetic, earning repeated HKFA Best Cinematography nominations. 鄭兆強係銀河映像嘅御用攝影師，同杜琪峯合作超過二十年，掌鏡《槍火》《PTU》《黑社會》《神探》等經典。佢嘅攝影以冷冽、精準、極度講究構圖著稱，銀河映像嘅「冰冷美學」好多時就係佢鏡頭嘅產物，多次獲金像獎最佳攝影提名，亦為內地大片掌鏡，係華語電影最頂級嘅攝影指導之一。 ## 鄭丹瑞 / Lawrence Cheng 1970s–present. Lawrence Cheng, born in 1955 and known as Brother Dan or Ah Dan, is a Hong Kong television host, actor and multimedia cultural figure whose work spans film, television, radio, stage and newspaper columns, making him one of the entertainment industry's great all-rounders; he is a former contract artiste and acting-class instructor at Television Broadcasts. He began as a radio disc jockey and became one of Hong Kong's most popular male DJs, going on to serve as programme director at Radio Television Hong Kong and chief operating officer at Commercial Radio. His serial The Diary of a Small Man began on radio with top ratings and grew into a novel column, a television drama, films and stage productions — a rare example of an original radio work turned into a multimedia franchise. He has produced and appeared in many classic radio dramas, television series and films and has hosted hundreds of gala shows and major events, earning a reputation as the gold-standard master of ceremonies. He grew up in North Point and later Sham Shui Po, finished primary school in 1961, and graduated from St Paul's College in 1972 before completing his pre-university years there and studying communication at Hong Kong Baptist College. 鄭丹瑞1955年生，人稱「旦哥」或「阿旦」，香港男主持人、演員、跨媒體文化人，涉獵電影、電視、電台、舞台同報紙專欄，係香港娛樂圈同文化界嘅多面手，亦係前無綫電視基本藝人合約藝員兼藝員訓練班導師。鄭丹瑞由電台DJ出道，曾是香港最受歡迎嘅男DJ，並歷任香港電台節目總監、香港商業電台營運總裁；佢編撰嘅《小男人周記》源自廣播劇，收聽率高居榜首，其後發展成小說專欄、電視劇、電影及舞台劇作品，係華語影壇罕見嘅跨媒體原創案例。佢亦曾製作參與多部經典廣播劇、電視劇同電影，主持過上百台經典綜藝晚會及大型節目，有「金牌司儀」嘅美譽。鄭丹瑞早年在香港島北角春秧街居住，小二時搬到深水埗定居；1961年畢業於蘇浙小學暨幼稚園，小二起入讀深水埗學校，1972年於聖保羅書院中五文科畢業後在原校升讀預科，1974年中七畢業，其後入讀香港浸會學院傳理系。 ## 鄭偉文 / Cheng Wai-man 1980s–present. Born in 1963, Cheng Wai-man joined TVB as an assistant director in 1983, moved to ATV as a director in 1989 and became a producer in 1996, his first series being Waiting for You to Return. In 1995 Benny Chan invited him to co-direct The Sky of Wandering, and his contribution to the 1997 horror omnibus Troublesome Night brought him attention; he has since directed more than a dozen films, mostly horror and thrillers. He left ATV in 2001 to concentrate on film, returned as production manager in 2004 and assistant production director in 2005, and departed again in 2007, working thereafter across the mainland, Taiwan and Singapore. 鄭偉文1963年出世。佢八十年代投身電視圈，先喺1983年做無綫電視助理編導，1989年轉去亞洲電視任編導，1996年獲提拔為監製，首部監製劇集係《等着你回來》。電影方面，1995年應陳木勝邀請合導《旺角的天空》；兩年後執導《陰陽路》當中《抄墓碑》一節而受到注目，隨後合共執導十多部電影，題材以恐怖同驚慄為主。2001年離開亞視，專心拍電影；2004年回巢出任製作經理，2005年升助理製作總監，2007年再度離任，事業重心轉往內地、台灣同新加坡。 ## 卓翔 / Norris Cheuk 2010s–present. Born in Hong Kong and trained at the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, Norris Cheuk worked as an assistant director in film and advertising before focusing on documentaries about Chinese opera: One Man Show and My Way follow Cantonese and Kunqu performers. His third feature, Bamboo Theatre, was nominated for Best Documentary at the 56th Golden Horse Awards and Best New Director at the 39th Hong Kong Film Awards, and won the HKADC Artist of the Year Award (Film). In 2023 he directed his first television series. 卓翔喺香港出世，讀過香港演藝學院嘅電影電視系，做過電影同廣告副導演。佢主力拍戲曲題材紀錄片：《乾旦路》同《一個武生》寫粵劇、崑劇演員嘅堅持，第三部《戲棚》獲提名第56屆金馬獎嘅最佳紀錄片，以及第39屆香港電影金像獎新晉導演，並奪得第16屆香港藝術發展獎藝術家年獎（電影）。2023年佢首次拍劇集《島嶼協奏曲》，2024年喺ViuTV播映。 ## 卓韻芝 / . Born in 1979, Vincci Cheuk rose to fame as a Commercial Radio host whose Cheese Family radio drama defined late-1990s youth culture. After leaving radio in 2008 she studied fine art at Goldsmiths in London, returning as Hong Kong's first woman to stage a solo stand-up show in a major venue with One Night Stand (2011). She turned film director in 2013, followed by Temporary Family (2014) starring Nick Cheung and Sammi Cheng, while remaining a prolific columnist and author. 卓韻芝1979年出世，中五那年已經喺商業電台兼職，以「芝See菇Bi」名義主持節目，一手創作《芝See菇Bi Family》廣播劇，苦榮同小苦妹成為九十年代末青年文化嘅標記。2008年佢離開商台，遠赴倫敦大學金匠學院修讀美術，回流後以棟篤笑《死去活來One Night Stand》(2011)回歸，成為香港首位喺大型場館做獨腳棟篤笑嘅女表演者。2013年佢首次執導電影，2014年再執導張家輝、鄭秀文主演嘅《失戀急讓》。佢嘅專欄同著作同樣量產，係香港少見嘅全方位創作人。 ## 章國明 / . Kirk Wong, born in 1951, debuted in 1979 with a landmark realist cop thriller and became a leading Hong Kong New Wave figure; The Informer (1981), on an undercover cop's torn loyalties, won Best Film at the Hong Kong Film Awards. He continued with action hits while serving television and the film industry — the low-key workhorse of the New Wave pioneers. 章國明1951年出世，1979年以《點指兵兵》執導出道，以寫實凌厲嘅警匪手法成為香港新浪潮代表之一，1981年《邊緣人》刻畫卧底警察嘅撕裂命運，奪得香港電影金像獎最佳電影，其後《皇牌雜差》等持續創作，並長期服務電視台同電影工業，係新浪潮先鋒中嘅低調實幹派。 ## 張之亮 / . Jacob Cheung, born in 1959, broke through with Lai Shi, China's Last Eunuch (1988), and Cageman (1992), facing the dignity of cage-home dwellers head-on, swept the Hong Kong Film Awards for Best Film and Best Director — a peak of early-1990s social realism. A Battle of Wits (2006), an anti-war epic set in the Warring States, earned him further acclaim for his continuing focus on marginalised communities. 張之亮1959年出世，1987年《中國最後一個太監》嶄露頭角，1992年《籠民》以寫實鏡頭直面籠屋住客嘅尊嚴，橫掃香港電影金像獎最佳電影同最佳導演，係九十年初社會寫實片嘅高峰。其後《墨攻》(2006) 以戰國反戰題材再獲肯定，多年來持續關注邊緣社群。 ## 張之珏 / . 張之珏 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 張之珏係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 張乾文 / . 張乾文 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 張乾文係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 張堅庭 / Alfred Cheung 1981–present. Alfred Cheung, born in 1956, is a Hong Kong film director, screenwriter, producer and actor who has also hosted radio and television programmes; he won best screenplay at the 1st Hong Kong Film Awards in 1982 and the 3rd in 1984, and now lives in Britain. Born in Guangzhou, he came to Hong Kong at three with his schoolteacher mother, while his father stayed behind to care for a blind grandmother; his name, chosen by his mother, means a sturdy family. Settling in Tsim Sha Tsui, he attended primary and secondary schools there, finishing Form Five in 1973, and graduated in Chinese language and literature from Hong Kong Baptist College. Before graduating a classmate introduced him to Radio Television Hong Kong as a part-time scriptwriter, and there a drama department director spotted him and moved him from announcer to assistant director. He wrote his first script in 1978 and another a year later, then took a film diploma course at the Chinese University of Hong Kong and went to the New School for Social Research in the United States to study the films of Hitchcock. He began writing for films in 1981, wrote and directed his own hit comedy in 1983, and has worked on more than eighty films, mostly comedies — later writing, directing and starring in a series about a mainland policewoman in Hong Kong that caught the cultural collisions around 1997 with wit and acuity. 張堅庭1956年生，係香港電影導演、編劇、監製、演員，也曾擔任電台及電視節目主持人，曾分別憑《胡越的故事》及《表錯七日情》獲得1982年第1屆香港電影金像獎及1984年第3屆香港電影金像獎最佳編劇，目前定居英國。佢於1956年在廣東廣州市出生，3歲時隨出身師範學院嘅母親來港生活，父親則因要照顧失明祖母而留在廣州居住，「張堅庭」一名由母親所取，寓意「堅固家庭」；來港後佢定居九龍尖沙咀。張堅庭曾就讀花地瑪英文學校（小學）、博允英文中學及威靈頓英文中學（1973年中五，尖沙咀校），畢業於香港浸會學院中國語言文學系；畢業前獲同學李再唐介紹，到香港電台任職兼職撰稿員，由編劇做起，並獲香港電台電視部導演敬海林賞識，由播音員轉為助導。1978年佢創作了第一個劇本《獅子山下：麻雀仔》，1979年推出《執法者之紙盒藏屍》；其後於香港中文大學進修電影文憑校外課程，再遠赴美國The New School for Social Research深造電影，研究希治閣電影。1981年起佢參與電影編劇工作，1983年自編自導《表錯七日情》；參與製作之電影逾80部，以喜劇居多，其後自導自演《表姐，你好嘢！》系列，以港人北上嘅文化碰撞寫出回歸前後嘅微妙心態。 ## 張經緯 / Cheung King-wai 2001–present. Cheung King-wai, born in 1968 with ancestral roots in Shenzhen, is a Hong Kong director and screenwriter who won best new director at the 29th Hong Kong Film Awards and the Hong Kong Arts Development Council's 2009 Artist of the Year award. Born in Hong Kong and raised in Tsuen Wan, he studied at several local schools and the music department of the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts before going to the United States, where he took music, film and philosophy at the City University of New York's Brooklyn College and earned a film degree. His 2001 graduation work, about the handover of Hong Kong, was selected for the Sundance competition, and his screenplay won a merit prize in a Chinese-language screenplay contest; in 2005 his script about Tin Shui Wai won the top prize at the Hong Kong - Asia Film Financing Forum and was later filmed by Ann Hui. His 2008 documentary competed at the Hong Kong International Film Festival, and his 2009 film about a young piano prodigy — the most awarded documentary in Golden Horse history — took three prizes there and four nominations including best film at the Hong Kong Film Awards, the first documentary ever nominated in that category. 張經緯1968年生，祖籍深圳，係香港導演及編劇，先後獲第29屆香港電影金像獎新晉導演獎同2009年香港藝術發展局年度藝術家獎。佢在香港出生、荃灣區長大，就讀海壩街官立小學、佛教林炳炎紀念學校、上葵涌官立工業中學及香港演藝學院音樂系；中學畢業後佢赴美，在紐約市立大學布魯克林學院攻讀音樂、電影及哲學，取得電影學士學位。2001年佢嘅畢業作品Farewell Hong Kong以香港回歸為主題，入圍美國日舞影展競賽組別，劇本《上帝的蘋果》亦獲中港台電影神話劇本創作賽優異獎；2005年其劇本《天水圍》獲香港亞洲電影投資會HAF大獎，後來由許鞍華拍成《天水圍的夜與霧》。2008年《歌舞昇平》入圍香港國際電影節人道獎紀錄片競賽；2009年《音樂人生》奪第46屆金馬獎最佳紀錄片、最佳剪接同最佳音效，成為金馬獎史上獲獎最多嘅紀錄片，並於第29屆金像獎獲最佳電影等四項提名，係金像獎史上首部獲提名嘅紀錄片，佢個人亦奪新晉導演獎。 ## 張婉婷 / Mabel Cheung 1978–present. Mabel Cheung, born in 1950, is a Hong Kong film director and screenwriter and a leading figure of the Hong Kong New Wave. Born in Hong Kong to a Kaiping family, she attended a girls' school in Mid-Levels from primary through secondary level and then read psychology at the University of Hong Kong. After graduating she studied literature and drama at the University of Bristol in Britain, where she also worked for the BBC as an assistant director on documentaries. From 1978 to 1980 she directed television programmes for Radio Television Hong Kong, including episodes of its acclaimed drama strands and a children's series, and in the 1990s she directed for Asia Television, including a documentary tribute to the philosopher Mou Zongsan. She went to New York University to study film in 1982, and in 1985, strongly recommended by Shaw Brothers, directed her debut, which won her a Hong Kong Film Award for best director. Her 1987 romance became a hit and won best film, while her 1989 drama earned five nominations — together a trilogy on emigration. She co-wrote a 1988 screenplay about Peking opera trainees that won a Golden Horse award for best screenplay, and her later works include a portrait of the Soong sisters and a romance about two generations of Hong Kong students. Appointed to the Film Development Council in 2007, she became its vice-chair in 2021, and between 2011 and 2021 she directed a documentary following several girls for a decade. 張婉婷1950年生，係香港電影導演、編劇，香港電影新浪潮嘅代表人物之一。佢出生於香港，祖籍廣東省開平市，早年於香港島半山區嘅英華女學校就讀小學部及中學部，之後升讀香港大學心理系；畢業後到英國布里斯托大學學習文學及戲劇，留英期間曾加入英國廣播公司工作，為旗下紀錄片擔任助導。1978年至1980年佢為香港電台導演電視節目，作品包括《獅子山下》及《屋簷下》中嘅單元、兒童節目《香蕉船》等；1990年代佢曾加入亞洲電視擔任編導，作品包括1993年由亞視新聞製作嘅《時事追擊》中嘅《牟宗三先生特輯》。1982年佢赴美國紐約大學修讀電影，1985年獲邵氏電影公司力荐，首次執導電影《非法移民》，獲香港電影金像獎最佳導演；1987年執導嘅《秋天的童話》大受歡迎，更獲香港電影金像獎最佳電影；1989年嘅《八両金》獲金像獎五項提名，呢三部電影合稱張婉婷嘅「移民三部曲」。1988年佢與羅啟銳合作編寫《七小福》劇本，獲金馬獎最佳劇本獎；較後期作品有描寫中國近代史上三名重要女性嘅《宋家皇朝》，同描寫兩代香港大學生愛情嘅《玻璃之城》。2007年佢獲委任為香港電影發展局非官方委員，2021年起出任該局副主席，2011至2021年間執導紀錄片《給十九歲的我》。 ## 張鑫炎 / . Zhang Xinyan, born in 1934, joined the Great Wall studio in the 1950s, rising from title writer and editor to director. Shaolin Temple (1982), starring a young Jet Li and an all-real-martial-arts cast, ignited a worldwide Shaolin craze and became a landmark of mainland–Hong Kong co-production. 張鑫炎1934年出世，五十年代入長城電影公司，由字幕、剪接做起，一步步成為導演。1982年執導《少林寺》，以真功夫演員李連杰掀起全球少林熱潮，成為內地同香港合拍片嘅里程碑之作。 ## 張同祖 / Joe Cheung Tung-joe 1970s–present. Joe Cheung Tung-joe, born in 1944 and known in the industry as Brother Joe, is a Hong Kong film director, screenwriter, producer and actor. Raised in Rennie's Mill and educated at a secondary school in Tseung Kwan O, he entered the Hong Kong film industry in the 1970s, working first as a continuity assistant, screenwriter and assistant director on set. In 1977 he went to Taiwan, where he made his directing debut on a martial arts picture. Returning to Hong Kong in 1979, he directed and produced a number of films while also taking supporting roles, and from the 1990s his kindly screen presence made him a natural choice to play the fathers of leading characters in films such as Peter Chan's romantic comedies and a famous television commercial. He chaired the board of the Hong Kong Film Awards Association from 2001 to 2003 and has served as the seventh president and one of the life honorary presidents of the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild, working for many years to strengthen solidarity and development within the local industry. 張同祖1944年生，人稱「祖哥」，係香港電影導演、編劇、監製、演員。佢出身於調景嶺，曾就讀港澳信義會慕德中學。1970年代佢進入香港電影行業，早期在片場擔任場記、編劇及副導演；1977年佢赴台灣發展，並首次擔任電影《鐵手無情追魂令》嘅導演。1979年佢返港發展，曾指導、監製多部電影，並在多部影片中擔任配角演員。因形象慈祥，佢自1990年代起擅長飾演主角父親等慈愛角色，著名例子有《金枝玉葉》、《甜蜜蜜》同廣告《想和你去吹吹風》。張同祖2001年至2003年出任香港電影金像獎協會董事局主席，亦係香港電影導演會第7屆會長及永遠榮譽會長之一，多年來致力推動本地電影業界嘅團結與發展。 ## 張瑛 / Cheung Ying 1930s–1984. Cheung Ying (1919–1984), born Cheung Yik-sang in Hong Kong and known as 'Fourteenth Brother' as the fourteenth of his siblings, was a leading young lead of the Cantonese cinema. Educated at Wah Yan College, he gave up plans to study in Japan when his mother fell ill and, through friends in the industry, took part in his first film; the child star Bruce Lee often appeared opposite him. Ranked with Ng Cho-fan, Cheung Wood-yau and Lee Ching as the 'Four Great Young Leads' of Cantonese cinema, he could play hero or villain alike and was nicknamed 'the actor of a thousand faces'; besides romances he played Cheung Chui-shan in the first Jin Yong screen adaptation, The Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre, opposite Pak Yin. He starred in more than four hundred films, the most of any Hong Kong male actor, once shooting three films on one street in a single day and forty-seven films in a year. He also directed and worked as a set and props designer. 張瑛1919年生於香港，本名張益生，係粵語片年代嘅明星小生，因為同胞兄弟姊妹中排行十四，人稱「十四哥」，1984年逝世。佢畢業於香港華仁書院，原本打算東渡日本留學，但因母親患病而留港，後來認識姜白谷、沈吉誠同周詩祿等電影人，參與首部電影《夜明珠》，童星李小龍亦常同佢結片緣。佢同吳楚帆、張活游、李清合稱當時粵語片「四大小生」，演技可忠可奸、戲路縱橫，因此有「千面小生」之譽；除文藝片之外，佢亦演過第一代金庸武俠片《倚天屠龍記》嘅張翠山（與白燕合演）。佢主演超過四百部電影，係香港電影界主演影片最多嘅男演員，高峰期曾經一日喺同一條街拍三組戲，一年主演四十七部電影；除演戲之外，佢亦做過導演同佈景道具設計。 ## 朱繼生 / . 朱繼生 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 朱繼生係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 姜大偉 / . John Chiang, born in Shanghai in 1947, comes from a true acting dynasty: his parents Yan Hua and Hong Wei were performers, his elder brother is Paul Chun and his younger brother is Derek Yee. A child actor at six, he joined Shaw Brothers in 1966 and became the face of Chang Cheh's masculine swordplay epics, winning the Asian Film Festival Best Actor award for Vengeance! (1970). He moved into television in the 1980s. 姜大偉1947年喺上海出世，係名副其實嘅演藝世家：父親嚴化、母親紅薇都係演員，大哥係秦沛，細佬係爾冬陞。佢六歲已經做童星，1966年加入邵氏，成為張徹陽剛武俠片嘅代表人物，《新獨臂刀》《報仇》等片都係佢嘅經典，1970年更憑《報仇》喺亞洲影展封帝。八十年代轉戰電視圈，角色橫跨古今。佢同李琳琳結婚逾四十載，三兄弟喺演藝圈各自成就非凡，傳為佳話。 ## 蔣家駿 / . 蔣家駿 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 蔣家駿係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 姜南 / . 姜南 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 姜南係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 喬莊 / . Born in Shanghai in 1934, Chiao Chuang trained as an oil painter at the Shanghai Art School. After acting for the Great Wall studio in Hong Kong, he signed with Shaw Brothers in 1960, and his Taiwan-made hits Lovers' Rock (1964) and its follow-up made him a leading matinee idol. He later wrote and directed several swordplay films before retiring from the screen in 1971. He died in Taiwan in 2008, aged 74. 喬莊1934年喺上海出世，本名喬木，上海美術專科學校主修油畫，係畫家出身的演員。1954年來港後先成為長城影業演員，1960年簽入邵氏，1964年赴台灣拍《情人石》《山歌姻緣》一舉走紅，成為文質彬彬嘅當家小生。六十年代末佢更自編自導《劍膽》《八步追魂》等武俠片，1971年拍完《三十六殺手》後急流勇退，結婚從商，2008年喺台灣離世，終年74歲。 ## 戚其義 / . One of the most ambitious producers in Hong Kong television history, Chik Kei-yi created the hundred-episode business epic At the Threshold of an Era (1999) and War and Beauty (2004), which pushed palace intrigue to its artistic peak. When Heaven Burns (2011), with its rock soundtrack and philosophical monologues, is widely revered as TVB's boldest drama ever made. 戚其義係香港電視史上最具野心嘅監製之一。1999年《創世紀》以百集格局寫地產商界興衰；2004年《金枝慾孽》將宮廷權鬥同人性刻劃推向高峰，如妃一角至今仍係TVB劇迷嘅傳奇；2011年《天與地》以搖滾樂、哲學獨白同黑暗暗喻顛覆電視劇語言，被大批劇迷奉為TVB史上最膽大嘅作品，其文化地位遠超收視數字。離開無綫後佢轉戰其他平台，繼續嘗試唔同題材。 ## 戚家基 / . 戚家基 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 戚家基係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 錢嘉樂 / . Chin Kar-lok, born in 1965, began as a kung-fu stuntman performing Hong Kong's most dangerous falls from the 1980s, became beloved as 'Pau-pi' in the Young and Dangerous series, and reinvented himself as an action director, earning Hong Kong Film Award recognition for Cold War among others. A longtime television host as well, he exemplifies the stuntman-to-master craftsman path of Hong Kong cinema. 錢嘉樂1965年出世，龍虎武師出身，八十年代起做高危武替，以《古惑仔》入面「包皮」一角深入民心，其後轉型動作指導，《寒戰》等作品嘅動作設計屢獲金像獎肯定，亦長期主持電視節目，係由武行做到幕後大師嘅香港電影典範。 ## 錢國偉 / . Wilson Chin began as a variety-show producer before directing Lan Kwai Fong (2011) and its three sequels, capturing Hong Kong nightlife culture in a four-film run that divided critics but defined an era. He died of illness in October 2020, aged 58. 錢國偉由電視台綜藝節目監製做起，深明大眾娛樂之道。2011年佢轉戰影壇，執導《喜愛夜蒲》，以蘭桂坊夜生活同都市男女情慾為題材，系列連拍四集，票房屢創佳績，成為一個時代嘅都市文化符號，評價兩極，但無人能否認佢捕捉到一代年輕人嘅夜場生態。2020年10月，佢因病離世，終年58歲，電影圈紛紛悼念呢位開創類型嘅導演。 ## 錢文錡 / . 錢文錡 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 錢文錡係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 錢大叔 / 1930s–1950s. Born Chin Kwong-yan and known as Chin Tai-suk, this musician, film actor and director attended St. Paul's College, where he won the annual athletics championship three years running and represented China in Far Eastern Games volleyball. A keen Chinese music enthusiast, he founded Crescent Records in 1927 and entered film in 1935; his screen debut was the Cantonese comedy Modern Bride and his final film, The Orphan's Journey (1955), he directed himself — thirty films in all. In 1937, when the censors moved to ban Cantonese sound films, he spoke for South China's film industry in defence of Cantonese production. He died in 1980. 錢大叔原名錢廣仁，1980年逝世。佢早年讀聖保羅書院，身兼香港音樂家、電影演員同導演，少年時已經熱心體育，試過連續三年拎聖保羅書院週年田徑賽冠軍，又代表中國出戰遠東運動會排球賽。錢大叔雅好絲竹，1927年開辦新月唱片公司，1935年入電影圈；銀幕處男作係粵語喜劇《摩登新娘》，息影作則係佢自導嘅粵語文藝片《孤兒行》（1955），一生拍過三十齣電影。1937年中央電影檢查委員會宣布禁止粵語聲片，佢代表華南電影界致詞，爭取維護粵語片嘅生存空間。 ## 程小東 / . Ching Siu-tung, born in 1953 into a film family — his father Ching Gong was also a director — began as a child actor before becoming a top action choreographer. A Chinese Ghost Story (1987) turned wuxia into aerial ballet, and his work on the Swordsman series and Zhang Yimou's Hero and House of Flying Daggers made him one of the most influential action designers of Chinese cinema. 程小東1953年出世，出身電影世家，父親程剛亦係導演，佢七歲做童星，後以武術指導身份嶄露頭角。1987年執導《倩女幽魂》，將俠影同想像力化成凌空飛舞嘅動作奇觀；其後執導《笑傲江湖》系列，並為張藝謀《英雄》《十面埋伏》設計動作，係華語武俠美學最重要嘅動作設計師之一。 ## 程東 / John Ching Tung 1978–present. John Ching Tung, born in 1961 and originally named Ching Hin-tung, is a Hong Kong film actor and producer. Drawn to cinema, he came from Guangzhou to Hong Kong in 1978 and worked behind the scenes at RTV as a continuity man, props handler and production manager; after the station became Asia Television under Deacon Chiu he moved into film production while still under contract until 1987. He then produced for independent distributors, and a year later accepted an invitation from producer Charles Heung to co-star in and produce a film, making the shift to full-time acting. He became a familiar face in 1990 through a prison drama and a long-running gambling comedy series as the one-eyed henchman, worked repeatedly with Stephen Chow, and is regarded as one of the industry's most valuable character actors. When the market shrank during the financial crisis and SARS he opened an advertising company and drifted from the screen, but returned in 2009 as the industry recovered, directing a 2010 kung fu film and working mainly on the mainland, where he also opened a studio. 程東1961年生，本名程獻棟，係香港電影演員與監製。1978年佢因熱愛電影由廣州來港發展，在麗的電視做場記、道具同製片等幕後工作，麗的被邱德根收購易名亞洲電視後，佢開始涉足電影幕後，同時任職亞視至1987年約滿；其後曾替獨立片商任製片，一年後應向華勝邀請參演《好女十八嫁》並任製片，正式由製片轉型為全職電影演員。1990年佢憑《獄中龍》嘅蝦米同《賭俠》系列嘅獨眼龍大軍為人熟悉，亦與周星馳合作多部電影，係香港電影界重要嘅甘草演員之一。2002年起因金融風暴同沙士令市道萎縮，佢一度重回幕後開設廣告公司，逐漸淡出幕前；2009年見電影業復甦後決定回歸，2010年以導演身分執導功夫片《蔡李佛拳2010》，主力在內地發展並開設工作室。 ## 招振強 / Dennis Chiu Chun-keung 1973–present. Dennis Chiu Chun-keung, born in 1951, is a Hong Kong television director and a former producer at Television Broadcasts and Asia Television. Raised on Hong Kong Island, he joined Television Broadcasts' first acting course in 1972 and moved behind the camera after graduating the next year, rising from assistant director to director and then producer; in the 1980s he was one of the station's leading producers of hit serials. He left for Taiwan in December 1985 and in 1986 co-founded a video production company with the film producer Leung Lee-siu-ha, chiefly making tapes for overseas distribution. Returning in 1988, he became deputy production controller at Asia Television and production controller in May 1989, and in 1996 produced a remake of a classic Shanghai gangster serial for Television Broadcasts. He also held a directing contract with Shaw Brothers in the 1980s, making several features, and in August 2001 replaced Johnnie To as chief operating officer of China Star Entertainment. He has long lived in Beijing, where he began running a small film-making course in 2019. 招振強1951年生，別名招嵎棟，香港電視導演及前無綫、亞洲電視監製。佢早年居於港島中西區，1963年從高主教書院小學部畢業，其後轉往仿林中學重讀中一，在校時曾獲選模範生同香港賽馬會助學金。1972年佢報考無綫電視第一期藝員訓練班，翌年畢業轉投幕後，由助導升任編導、監製，1980年代成為無綫名監製，創作不少極受歡迎嘅電視劇。1985年12月佢離開無綫赴台，1986年與電影製作人梁李少霞合創藝能錄像製作，主力推出錄影帶發行海外。1988年返港轉投亞洲電視任副製作總監，1989年5月升製作總監；1996年為無綫監製《新上海灘》。佢1980年代亦與邵氏兄弟簽下導演合約，執導數齣電影。2001年8月佢代替杜琪峯出任中國星集團營運總監，其後長居北京，2019年開辦小型電影製作訓練班。 ## 邱剛健 / . Chiu Kang-chien (1940-2013) was a key screenwriter in both Taiwan and Hong Kong. A co-founder of Taiwan's influential Theatre magazine in the 1960s, he wrote Hong Kong New Wave landmarks Nomad (1982) and Lust for Love of a Chinese Courtesan (1984) — films that scandalised and shaped the era. 邱剛健1940年出世，係港台兩地重要嘅編劇同文化人。六十年代佢喺台灣參與創辦《劇場》雜誌，引介西方現代主義電影同戲劇。七十年代起為多位香港導演執筆，1982年譚家明嘅《烈火青春》以青年情慾同虛無書寫震動影壇，1984年《唐朝豪放女》以唐代女冠魚玄機做主角，將女性慾望搬上古裝銀幕，兩片都係香港新浪潮最具爭議性嘅文本。2013年佢喺台灣離世。 ## 趙良駿 / . A Hong Kong director who rose in the 1990s with a gift for small people's dignity, he directed Golden Chicken (2002), in which Sandra Ng plays a fish-ball girl-turned-masseuse whose thirty years mirror Hong Kong's rise and falls — one of the most era-defining female characters in Hong Kong cinema, told with laughter and tears. 趙良駿係九十年代崛起嘅香港導演，擅長寫小人物嘅尊嚴。2002年佢執導《金雞》，由吳君如飾演由八十年代紅到千禧年嘅魚蛋妹阿金，以一個性工作者嘅半生折射香港二十年興衰，笑中帶淚，成為港產片入面最有時代感嘅女性角色之一。佢嘅作品始終對香港懷有溫柔嘅目光。 ## 趙崇基 / . A Hong Kong director who rose in the 1990s, he keeps probing social reality and historical memory: a courtroom drama about justice (1997), a double-stranded portrait of a sex worker and a property speculator (2008), and Blue Island Street No.1 (2018), a two-part reflection on the 1967 riots that dared to face Hong Kong's historical wounds. 趙崇基係九十年代崛起嘅香港導演，作品持續關注社會現實同歷史記憶。1997年《最後判決》以法庭戲審視司法制度同人性軟弱；2008年《我不賣身，我賣子宮》以雙線寫性工作者同樓市炒家嘅荒涼，廣獲評論界好評。2018年嘅《中英街1號》以六七暴動做背景，黑白彩色兩部並行，大膽直面香港歷史傷口，係近年少有嘅歷史反思之作。佢嘅創作軌跡由商業類型走向歷史批判，係香港導演自省嘅代表。 ## 楚賓 / Cho Ban 1930s–1940s. Cho Ban was a Cantonese opera and film actor and director active in Hong Kong in the 1930s and 40s. On 25 October 1934 he appeared as the civil-military lead, alongside principal female lead Lam Siu-mui and clown Liu Mung-kok, in the first public performance of Tong Nui Fa by the Guangzhou troupe San Tin Fa. He appeared in the Grandview Cantonese comedy Twelve Golden Hairpins (1937) and married his co-star Chu Kim-kam after they played opposite each other in the play-within-a-film. Later settling in Guangdong, he was labelled a rightist in the opera world during the Anti-Rightist Campaign and struggled through mass criticism sessions. 楚賓活躍於1930年代同40年代嘅香港粵劇同電影界，身兼演員同導演。1934年10月25日，佢以文武生身分，聯同正印花旦林小梅、丑生廖夢覺，隨廣州「散天花劇團」首次公演梁金棠編撰嘅粵劇《帝女花》。佢參演大觀公司嘅粵語喜劇《金屋十二釵》（1937年公映），飾演十二娘傾心，並因戲中戲《卓文君夜奔司馬相如》而與演員朱劍琴（朱佩瑞）相戀結婚。後期佢移居廣東發展，在反右運動中被指為粵劇界右派分子，於群眾集會上被批鬥。 ## 蔡楚生 / . Cai Chusheng, born in 1906 in Guangdong, rose from shop apprentice and studio labourer to become one of 1930s China's foremost directors. Song of the Fishermen (1934) won an award at the Moscow film festival — the first Chinese film honoured abroad — and The Spring River Flows East (1947), co-directed with Zheng Junli, remains a peak of Chinese cinema. He stayed in postwar Hong Kong to promote progressive filmmaking. 蔡楚生1906年出世，廣東潮陽人，由汕頭商店學徒做到上海影棚雜工，一步步成為三十年代中國最重要嘅導演之一。1934年《漁光曲》喺莫斯科影展獲獎，成為首部在國際獲獎嘅中國電影；1947年同鄭君里合導嘅《一江春水向東流》寫下中國電影史嘅高峰。戰後曾留港推動進步電影運動。 ## 蔡繼光 / Clifford Choi Kai-kwong 1970s–1990s. Born in 1946, Clifford Choi Kai-kwong is a Hong Kong director and screenwriter and one of the directors of the 1970s Hong Kong New Wave, alongside Tsui Hark, Ann Hui, Yim Ho and Patrick Tam. He began as a television director before joining Shaw Brothers as director and writer. In 1983 he won the Golden Horse Award for Best Original Screenplay with Men and Women, and in 1984 he set up Dragon Light Film Company to produce features. 1946年出世，蔡繼光係香港電影編劇同導演，屬1970年代香港新浪潮導演嘅一員，同輩仲有譚家明、嚴浩、許鞍華、徐克等。佢初入行主要喺電視台做編導，後來獲邵氏兄弟聘用，擔任導演同編劇。1983年佢以《男與女》奪得金馬獎第20屆最佳原著劇本獎；1984年自組「龍光影業有限公司」拍電影。 ## 蔡潔鈴 / Charlie Choi 1999–present. Charlie Choi, born in 1983 and also writing under the pen name Cheuk Nei-yee, is a Hong Kong film and independent film practitioner. She entered the industry in 1999 and has since worked as a wardrobe assistant, producer, screenwriter and assistant director as well as an office assistant at a film company. In 2012 she drew attention by uploading a self-financed trailer for a film she called The People on the Journey to YouTube and using it to crowd-fund a feature. In 2013 she first worked with the Hong Kong online platform goyeah.com, writing and directing a micro-film adapted from a popular novel by a Hong Kong author; a suspense romance, it was well received online and remains in circulation. Her other writing and directing credits include two 2014 shorts: one won best actor and a cultural creativity award at an international micro-film competition, while the other screened at Fresh Wave, the Hong Kong Independent Film Festival, a dance film festival, the Cannes short film corner and a Polish festival. Her first feature, produced by Patrick Kong, opened in Hong Kong on 25 February 2016, and she co-wrote and served as art director on a musical drama released the same year. She also contributed an episode to a 2009 independent film series. 蔡潔鈴1983年生，筆名卓妮爾，係香港電影及獨立電影工作者。佢1999年入行，後來擔任過服裝助理、製片、編劇、副導演，也在電影公司做過助理。2012年，蔡潔鈴因將自資製成嘅電影預告《在途上的人》上載到YouTube，並以此於網上集資拍攝電影，而引起關注。2013年，佢首次與香港著名網上平台goyeah.com合作，編導微電影《兜售回憶》，該片以懸疑愛情類型包裝，改編自深雪同名小說，於網上大受好評，仍在播放中。其他編導作品有微電影《茶木戀碼》（2014，榮獲第五屆金花獎國際微電影大賽最佳男主角及創意文化推動力大獎）同《嗜血戀人》（2014，於鮮浪潮2014國際短片展本地競賽部份、香港獨立電影節2015、香港跳格國際舞蹈影像展2015、第68屆法國康城影展2015短片角落單元及波蘭五味電影節2015放映）。首部執導電影長片《PG戀愛指引》由葉念琛監製，於2016年2月25日在香港上映；佢最新參與合編及美術指導嘅電影作品，係由馮志強導演、編劇嘅《大樂師·為愛配樂》，亦於2016年上映。蔡潔鈴曾參與嘅其他作品包括2009年亞洲獨立電影節《蛋散》系列《生日》。 ## 張寶堅 / Chor Yuen 1950s–2000s. Cheung Po-kin (1934–2022), known professionally as Chor Yuen, was a Hong Kong director, screenwriter and actor and the son of Cantonese film and television actor Cheung Wood-yau. Entering the industry in the 1950s, he directed The House of 72 Tenants (1973), which revived Cantonese-language film production, then joined Shaw Brothers to specialise in martial-arts pictures, above all adaptations of Gu Long's novels. Named one of Shaw's 'Four Great Directors' alongside Li Han-hsiang, King Hu and Chang Cheh, he directed nearly 130 films and received the HKFA Professional Spirit Award (1998) and Lifetime Achievement Award (2018). 張寶堅1934年出世，藝名楚原，祖籍廣東梅縣，香港導演、編劇兼演員，父親係粵語片同電視演員張活游。佢1950年代入行，初期以粵語片為主，1973年執導《七十二家房客》，重振香港粵語電影嘅製作。投身邵氏後佢專攻武俠片，尤擅改編古龍小說，同李翰祥、胡金銓、張徹並稱邵氏「四大帥」。畢生執導近130部電影，1998年獲金像獎專業精神獎，2018年獲第37屆香港電影金像獎終身成就獎，2022年逝世。 ## 周顯揚 / . Born in 1978, Roy Chow earned a master's degree at the University of Hong Kong before graduating with first-class honours in film from the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, then assisted producer Jiang Zhiqiang and director Ang Lee. His debut Murderer (2009) was nominated for the HKFA Best New Director award, and Nightfall (2012) won him the 32nd Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Director. He later helmed blockbusters such as Rise of the Legend (2014). 周顯揚1978年出世，香港大學理科碩士畢業，後於香港演藝學院電影系一級榮譽畢業，曾先後做過制片人江志強同導演李安嘅助理，底子極紮實。2009年首部執導作品《殺人犯》已獲金像獎新晉導演提名，2012年《大追捕》令佢正式奪得第32屆香港電影金像獎新晉導演。其後《黃飛鴻之英雄有夢》(2014)、《真·三國無雙》(2021)等片令佢成為大片廠信賴嘅動作導演。佢同編劇妻子杜緻朗係影壇夫妻檔。 ## 鄒凱光 / Matt Chow Hoi-kwong 1989–present. Matt Chow Hoi-kwong, born in 1968 and nicknamed Uncles Beach and Big Guts, is a Hong Kong screenwriter, director and radio host on Commercial Radio's second channel. He grew up in Kwai Chung's Lai King Estate, the son of a seaman, and studied arts subjects at a Kwai Chung secondary school where he was nearly expelled in his second year — only his form teacher's threat to resign kept him in school until the fourth year. After poor results and conduct there he repeated the year at a Delia Memorial school and finished secondary five, then worked as a transport labourer and a document courier. In 1989 Joe Ma brought him into Television Broadcasts as a lighting assistant, and he soon became a trainee writer at Asia Television before moving to Commercial Radio on Sandra Ng's introduction, co-hosting cult chat shows with Ng and later shows with other presenters. He spent many lean years in film, once borrowing to get by, and later stepped back from radio to direct a hit comedy sequel; he now hosts a YouTube talk show. 鄒凱光1968年生，暱稱灘叔、鄒海灘、漢叔、膽叔，係香港編劇、導演同商業二台節目主持。佢早年喺葵涌荔景邨風景樓長大，父親係一名船員，就讀樂善堂顧超文中學時讀文科，中二曾被勸喻退學，全靠班主任以辭職作保薦才讀至中四；由於中四成績同操行差劣，佢轉到觀塘地利亞修女紀念學校重讀中四並完成中五，畢業後做過運輸工人同公司文件派遞員。1989年佢得馬偉豪提攜加入無綫電視任燈光師助理，不久加入亞洲電視擔任見習編劇，其後經吳君如介紹進入商業電台，與吳君如在叱咤903主持《嘩！嘩！嘩！打到嚟！》同《她他她打到嚟！》，又與谷祖琳、有耳非文主持《夜夜開放》，亦喺亞視與李麗蕊、蔡國威主持《五個半A餐》。佢曾在電影界浮沉多年，收入極不穩定，一度需要賒借度日；近年因執導《金雞SSS》而暫別電台節目，現時主持YouTube頻道「三叔公園」。 ## 周冠威 / Kiwi Chow Kwun-wai 2004–present. Kiwi Chow Kwun-wai, born in Hong Kong in 1979, is a film director and screenwriter. He majored in directing at the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, completing his first work in his second year and graduating with first-class honours in 2004 and the academy's best director prize for his graduation film. He went on to direct and edit making-of features for several films and worked as a continuity man, assistant director and editor; from 2005 he taught part-time at the academy while directing short films that won local and international festival awards. He completed a master's in film production in 2013 and made his feature debut that year with a drama produced by Johnnie To that premiered at the 37th Hong Kong International Film Festival. He came to prominence with the most discussed segment of the 2015 anthology film Ten, which went on to win best film at the Hong Kong Film Awards, and his next feature was among the territory's top-grossing films of 2020 and won a Golden Horse award for best adapted screenplay. His 2021 documentary premiered at Cannes and won best documentary at the 58th Golden Horse Awards; in December 2025 he said another of his films had been refused a Hong Kong release certificate on national security grounds. 周冠威1979年生於香港，係香港電影導演及編劇。佢喺香港演藝學院電影電視學院主修導演，二年級時完成人生首部作品，2004年畢業並獲一級榮譽藝術學士，畢業作品更榮獲學院最佳導演獎。畢業後佢參與《霍元甲》等多部電影嘅製作特輯導演及剪接工作，亦曾任場記、副導演同剪接；2005年起佢在香港演藝學院擔任客席講師，同時執導唔少短片並獲多個本土及國際影展獎項。2013年佢完成演藝學院電影製作碩士，同年執導由杜琪峯出品嘅劇情長片《一個複雜故事》正式出道，該片獲邀於第37屆香港國際電影節首映。佢嘅成名作為2015年電影《十年》中最受注目嘅單元〈自焚者〉，該片後來獲香港電影金像獎最佳電影獎；其後執導嘅《幻愛》成為2020年全年最高香港票房十大電影之一，並獲金馬獎最佳改編劇本獎。2021年佢執導嘅紀錄長片《時代革命》獲邀於法國康城影展世界首映，並在第58屆金馬獎奪最佳紀錄片獎；2025年12月佢表示《自殺通告》被香港電檢拒絕核准在港上映。 ## 周星馳 / Stephen Chow 1980–present. Stephen Chow, born in British Hong Kong in 1962 and known as Sing Yeh, is a comedian, director, screenwriter and producer who started out as a comedy performer and gradually added directing and producing, developing a distinctive comic style and creative system of his own. His paternal ancestors were migrants from Ningbo in Zhejiang; his Chinese name comes from a line in the Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng, and his English name was chosen by his maternal grandmother. Poor as a child, he had an elder sister and a younger sister, and his parents divorced when he was seven, leaving his mother to raise the three children alone. He finished primary school in 1974 and went on to secondary school, graduating from a Kowloon school. In 1980 he began his career as an extra at RTV, making his debut in a youth drama; the following year he applied to Television Broadcasts' actor training class, failed the entrance test and joined the night class through a friend's introduction. After graduating in 1983 he spent four years hosting a children's programme, playing the lead in its comic serial, and his idiosyncratic style already foreshadowed the blockbusters to come. In the 1990s hits such as Flirting Scholar made him a box-office legend, and his 'mo lei tau' nonsense comedy left a deep mark on Chinese-language film. 周星馳1962年出生於英屬香港，人稱「星爺」，係香港喜劇演員、導演、監製、編劇，以喜劇作品起家，之後逐步兼任導演與製片人，形成獨具特色嘅幽默風格同創作體系。其父系祖先係來自浙江省寧波市嘅移民；名字典故出自《滕王閣序》「雄州霧列，俊采星馳」，英文名Stephen則由外婆命名。佢幼年家境貧窮，有一姊一妹，父母在佢7歲時離異，母親凌寶兒獨力撫養三個孩子。1974年佢畢業於中華基督教會協和小學下午校，並進入基督教香港信義會信義中學就讀中一，中五畢業於聖瑪利奧英文中學。1980年，周星馳於麗的電視（亞洲電視前身）擔任臨時演員而開始演藝生涯，首次演出在青春電視劇《I.Q.成熟時》；1981年佢報名參加第11期無綫電視藝員訓練班，經好友戚美珍介紹進入同期夜訓班，1983年畢業後被安排到兒童節目《430穿梭機》擔任主持人四年，並在兒童單元劇《黑白殭屍》系列扮演主角「黑殭屍」，其別樹一格嘅演出風格已具日後賣座電影嘅雛形。1990年代佢憑《唐伯虎點秋香》等作品成為票房傳奇，開創嘅「無厘頭」喜劇風格影響深遠。 ## 周華宇 / . A Hong Kong producer-director who worked under contract for Rediffusion Television and ATV and is recorded in reference works on Hong Kong film directors, Chow Wa-yu belongs to the generation that steered television drama through the transition from RTV to ATV — juggling creative and production duties in the medium's golden years. 周華宇係香港影視製作人同導演，曾為麗的電視及亞洲電視嘅合約監製，名字亦收錄於香港電影導演文獻。喺電視台黃金年代，監製要一手包辦創作同製作管理；佢屬於香港電視戲劇由麗的到亞視轉折嘅參與者同見證者。 ## 朱銳斌 / . 朱銳斌 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 朱銳斌係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 朱克 / Chu Hak 1948–2012. Chu Hak (1919–2012), who wrote under the pen name Tam Chuen, was a Hong Kong screenwriter, director and novelist of Taishan, Guangdong origin. During the Japanese invasion he led artists in patriotic performances supporting the resistance, and after the Second World War he settled in British Hong Kong; he entered the film industry in 1948 as an actor and assistant director and first directed a film in 1950. In the early 1950s, with leftist film circles short of talent after deportations by the colonial government, he was recruited as a screenwriter by Great Wall Film Company while also writing for the rival Shaw Brothers. He was dismissed by Great Wall in early 1958 on grounds including that work and an alleged Nationalist past; his appeal for rehabilitation failed, he refused a studio's demand for a written self-criticism, and with help from a newspaper editor he began a column under his pen name in several Hong Kong papers. His 1970s stage play about the tenants of a tenement became a box-office phenomenon across the Chinese-speaking world; in 1978 a Singapore broadcaster hired him to head its acting academy, and in the 1990s he helped form a Hong Kong film and television theatre troupe. He received a lifetime achievement award from the Hong Kong Federation of Drama Societies in 2008 and died in 2012, aged 92. 朱克（1919–2012），筆名淡村，廣東台山人，移居香港，係香港著名編劇、導演和小說家。日本侵華期間，佢領導藝術家演出抗日作品，支援抗日救亡運動；二戰結束後移居英屬香港，1948年進入電影圈，最初任演員、副導演，1950年首次執導電影。1950年代初，因港英政府對左派電影人嘅驅逐，左派影圈缺乏人才，朱克被長城電影公司羅致任編劇，同時亦有為右派邵氏撰寫劇本。1958年初佢被長城以替邵氏寫劇本、曾任职於國民黨等理由開除；佢去信新華社社長王匡請求平反未果，又拒絕國泰以寫悔過書作聘用條件，後獲《大公報》陳凡幫忙，開始在《文匯報》、《大公報》、《新晚報》以筆名淡村撰寫專欄。1970年代佢嘅舞台劇《七十二家房客》創下大中華地區票房神話；1978年獲新加坡電視台禮聘前往新加坡為藝員訓練學院院長；1990年代與盧敦、查良景、姜中平等人組成「香港影視劇團」。2008年佢獲香港戲劇協會第十七屆香港舞台劇獎終身成就獎，2012年3月19日在香港東華三院馮堯敬醫院病逝，享年92歲。 ## 徐忠信 / Chui Jong-shinn 1960s–2022. Born in 1954, Chui Jong-shinn was a Hong Kong martial-arts actor and action choreographer who entered the industry in the 1960s and from the 1970s worked as a fight choreographer on TVB series and films, known in the trade as 'Big Senior Brother'. He specialised in playing bandits, triad bosses and martial-arts masters and was a TVB action-effects artiste. A powerful, expansive fighter, he was injured doubling for Adam Cheng and could no longer work on the front line as a stunt double. He served as vice-chairman of the Hong Kong Stuntmen Association and died in November 2022. 1954年出世嘅徐忠信，係香港武術指導兼武打演員，行內人都叫佢「大師兄」。佢1960年代入行，1970年代開始長年為無綫電視嘅劇集同電影做武術指導，亦曾經係無綫電視動作特效藝員。佢演嘅角色多數係大賊、武林高手或者黑社會頭目。徐忠信武藝了得，拳風大開大合，但佢為鄭少秋擔任替身時受傷，自此唔可以再做前線替身。佢生前做過香港動作特技演員公會副會長，2022年11月逝世。 ## 徐二牛 / . 徐二牛 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 徐二牛係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 秦劍 / . Chun Kim, born in 1926, was among the most celebrated Hong Kong directors of the 1950s and 1960s: his 1953 family drama made his name, and his 1960 buddy comedy became a genre classic while launching stars including Patrick Tse. He directed more than fifty films before his untimely death in 1969, aged 43. 秦劍1926年出世，係五六十年代香港影壇最重要嘅導演之一，《慈母淚》(1953) 令佢聲名大噪，1960年《難兄難弟》確立兄弟情喜劇經典，捧紅謝賢同胡楓等一代明星。佢一生執導影片逾五十部，可惜1969年英年早逝，終年43歲，留低香港電影黃金時代嘅重要一頁。 ## 秦煌 / . A veteran TVB character actor, Chun Wong is best loved as the mischievous Old Urchin Zhou Botong, a role he played across productions from the 1970s Commercial Television era to the classic 1983 TVB Legend of the Condor Heroes — widely considered the definitive take. His chubby, warm-hearted persona endeared him to generations of viewers. 秦煌係TVB資深綠葉，最深入民心嘅角色莫過於「老頑童」周伯通——由七十年代佳視到八十年代無綫《射雕英雄傳》，佢多次演出呢個疯癲可愛嘅武痴，被公認係最經典嘅周伯通。佢演出過逾百部電視劇，胖嘟嘟嘅形象同親切笑容陪伴幾代觀眾成長，係香港電視史上最受喜愛嘅甘草演員之一。 ## 鍾鎮濤 / Kenny Bee 1973–present. Kenny Bee, born in 1953, is a Hong Kong singer, musician and actor and one of the two lead vocalists of The Wynners, whom he joined as a replacement for two departing members while the group was still called The Loosers; it was renamed The Wynners on reforming in 1973, and the band later went to Taiwan to make films. In the 1980s he built a solo singing career with hits that remain standards, made his directorial debut in 1985 with a dark comedy and received the Golden Needle Award, Hong Kong's highest music honour, with The Wynners in 1988; in 2016 he received it again as a solo artist and was also given a CASH music achievement award. Bee grew up along MacDonald Road in Wan Chai and in Causeway Bay and Tin Hau, the son of a property businessman, with a brother who became an architect; he moved house nine times before the age of nine. After his parents separated and his mother emigrated to the United States, he lived with his grandmother, an uncle and at boarding school, attending several primary and secondary schools. He left school at fifteen to work, forming a band with friends and playing in Wan Chai bars before becoming a resident singer in Tsim Sha Tsui — the start of a career spanning more than five decades. 鍾鎮濤1953年生，係香港男歌手、音樂人和演員，溫拿樂隊雙主音歌手之一，當年補替離隊嘅陳百祥與陳百燊，當時樂隊仍然使用「The Loosers」嘅名字，1973年樂隊重組後改名為The Wynners，之後曾赴台灣拍攝電影。1980年代佢發展個人歌唱事業，代表作包括《要是有緣》、《情變》、《讓一切隨風》等；1985年首次執導電影《殺妻二人組》，1988年以溫拿樂隊身份獲頒香港樂壇最高榮譽「金針獎」，2016年以個人名義再次獲頒「金針獎」，同年獲香港作曲家及作詞家協會（CASH）頒發「CASH音樂成就大獎」。鍾鎮濤早年於香港島灣仔麥當勞道及其他地區如銅鑼灣、天后廟道等地成長，父親鍾石泉從事地產生意，弟弟是一名建築師；佢9歲時曾搬屋達9次之多。基於父母仳離而母親移居美國，佢寄住外婆家、舅舅家以及寄宿學校，曾就讀聖保羅男女中學附屬小學、玫瑰崗學校、聖若瑟小學、慈幼學校、高主教書院中學部（中二）和新法書院等。15歲時佢輟學投身社會，既與友人自組樂隊「Tea」，又在灣仔酒吧當樂手賺取收入，其後轉往尖沙咀任駐場歌手，展開長達數十年嘅演藝生涯。 ## 鍾繼昌 / Rico Chung Kai-cheong 1984–present. Rico Chung Kai-cheong, born in 1963, is a Hong Kong screenwriter, director, producer and actor who served as secretary of the Hong Kong Screenwriters' Guild from 2015 to 2017. Before turning to writing he worked as an ivory carver and a voice actor; after taking a screenwriting course in the University of Hong Kong's extramural department he joined Asia Television in 1984 as a script co-ordinator and writer, rising to script supervisor and writing lyrics for a number of the station's drama theme songs. He then joined Cinema City as a screenwriter, his first produced screenplay being a 1988 romantic comedy, and at one point returned to Asia Television as script supervisor on variety shows. In 1991 he went back to film, forming a production company with director Cha Chuen-yee whose first release he produced, and he went on to produce and write many pictures. A crime drama based on a real case brought his first Hong Kong Film Awards nomination for best screenplay, and four subsequent crime films made his name. In 2004 he co-wrote and co-directed a newspaper drama nominated again for best screenplay, winning the Hong Kong Film Critics Society's best screenplay award and a Guild recommendation prize; in 2008 he wrote a mainland television series. 鍾繼昌1963年生，係香港電影編劇、導演、監製、演員，曾任香港電影編劇家協會秘書（2015至2017年）。佢在成為編劇前，係一名象牙雕刻師傅，亦曾做配音員；在香港大學校外課程修讀編劇課程後，1984年加入亞洲電視任職劇本統籌及編劇，其後晉升為編審，並為多首亞洲電視劇集節目歌曲填詞。鍾繼昌離開亞視後加入新藝城成為電影編劇，首部電影編劇作品係《長短腳之戀》；其後一度重返亞洲電視擔任綜藝節目編審，包括《吳耀漢攪攪震》、《笑JOKE 1800秒》、《開心主流派》等。1991年佢重返電影界，與導演查傳誼合組電影公司，首部製作嘅電影係《情不自禁》，其後又監製與編寫多部電影。佢以《溶屍奇案》首度獲得香港電影金像獎最佳編劇提名，隨後《屯門色魔》、《街坊差人》、《旺角揸Fit人》同《去吧！揸Fit人兵團》等多部電影令佢聲名鵲起。2004年佢與陳嘉上合編合導嘅《A-1頭條》再獲香港電影金像獎最佳編劇提名，並奪香港電影評論學會大獎最佳編劇獎同香港電影編劇家協會推薦劇本獎；2008年佢為中國大陸電視劇《南北大狀》編劇。 ## 鍾澍佳 / Chung Shu-kai 1980s–present. Chung Shu-kai, born in 1966, is a Hong Kong television and film producer who has worked as a production manager, television director and producer and feature film director. He attended several schools in Kowloon and first appeared on television in 1974 in a Radio Television Hong Kong drama series, where he met director Allen Fong; the experience set him on the path to becoming a film director. He entered the industry as a production manager at seventeen, joined Television Broadcasts at nineteen as an assistant director, rose through director and senior director to producer at twenty-nine, and his first produced series swept multiple prizes at the station's 1998 anniversary awards. He moved into feature films in 2000, directing a number of Hong Kong pictures — at times under the pen name Chung Ching — usually telling stories that start from grassroots life and leaning towards comedy. After directing a mainland television drama starring Eric Tsang in 2001 he decided to base himself on the mainland and settled in Beijing in 2005; in 2022, again at Eric Tsang's invitation, he became head of the broadcaster's co-production arm handling mainland and overseas projects. 鍾澍佳1966年生，係香港電視及電影製作人，曾擔任製片、電視編導、監製及電影導演等職。佢曾就讀坪石天主教小學、聖公會聖三一堂中學及新法書院；1974年佢參與香港電台《獅子山下》嘅演出，認識導演方育平，自此立志要當電影導演。鍾澍佳17歲中學畢業便開始入行當製片，19歲加入無綫電視由助理編導當起，曾任編導、高級編導，29歲當上監製，首部監製作品《難兄難弟》更囊括1998年香港無綫電視萬千星輝賀台慶多項大獎。2000年佢開始進軍電影圈，執導多部港產電影，曾以化名「鍾晴」執導電影；其電影手法較擅長從基層生活展開故事，戲種亦以喜劇居多。2001年佢受曾志偉邀請，為其主演嘅中國大陸電視劇《其實你不懂我的心》擔任導演後，決定常駐中國內地發展，2005年定居北京；2022年佢再受無綫電視總經理曾志偉邀請，出任TVB New Wings Limited（後更名為77工作室有限公司）總監，負責無綫電視與中國內地及海外嘅合拍劇業務。 ## 但杜宇 / . Dan Duyu, born in 1897, was a Shanghai painter who founded his own film company in 1921 and directed one of China's earliest feature films, celebrated for painterly visuals. He settled in Hong Kong after the war and directed for studios including Great Wall into the 1950s — a true pioneer of Chinese cinema. 但杜宇1897年出世，上海畫家出身，1921年創辦上海影戲公司，執導中國最早嘅長故事片之一，以唯美畫面著稱。戰後定居香港，五十年代仍為長城等公司執導，係中國電影嘅開拓者之一。 ## 陶秦 / . 陶秦 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 陶秦係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 杜可風 / . Christopher Doyle, born in Sydney in 1952, learned Mandarin and studied Chinese art before joining Hong Kong's New Wave in the 1980s. As Wong Kar-wai's cinematographer, the luminous, dissolving imagery of Chungking Express and In the Mood for Love defined an era, winning multiple Hong Kong Film Awards for Best Cinematography, alongside collaborations with leading directors worldwide. 杜可風1952年喺澳洲悉尼出世，本名Christopher Doyle，學習中文同中國藝術後，八十年代來港參與香港新浪潮電影，其後成為王家衛御用攝影師，《重慶森林》《花樣年華》嘅迷離光影定義咗一個時代，多次奪得香港電影金像獎最佳攝影，亦同世界各大導演合作，係同香港緣分最深嘅國際攝影師。 ## 范秀明 / Fan Sau-ming 1970s–2000s. Born in 1955, Fan Sau-ming studied drama at the National Taiwan University of Arts and returned to Hong Kong in 1977 to join RTV as an assistant director, becoming a director within a year. Moving to TVB in 1981, he directed serials such as Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils, The Legend of the Condor Heroes and The Return of the Condor Heroes, mostly produced by Siu Sang. After leaving TVB in 1990 he directed the Taiwanese hits The Qianlong Emperor and The Empress Dowager Cixi, later returning to ATV before making more drama in Taiwan, including The Bodyguard and Ma Yongzhen. From 1997 he worked mainly in mainland China. 范秀明1955年出世，後生時喺台灣讀國立藝術大學影劇系；1977年畢業返港，加入麗的電視做助理編導，一年多後升做編導。1981年佢過檔無綫電視，執導《射鵰英雄傳》、《神鵰俠侶》、《天龍八部》等劇集，當時拍嘅多數係蕭笙監製嘅武俠劇。1990年佢離開無綫返台灣，執導《戲說慈禧》、《戲說乾隆》；九十年代一度重返亞洲電視，之後再回台灣拍《馬永貞》、《保鏢》。1997年之後，佢主要喺中國大陸發展。 ## 方龍驤 / . 方龍驤 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 方龍驤係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 馮淬帆 / Stanley Fung 1967–2025. Stanley Fung Tsui-fan (1944–2025), born Fung Siu-kan and styled Ho-ching, came from a Cantonese opera family: his father Fung King-wah played martial and old-man roles, his mother Ng Wai-nong was a celebrated actress, and two elder sisters also took to the stage. The family moved to Hong Kong in 1950 when he was six, and he studied in Wan Chai before working at a newspaper office during secondary school. He joined Rediffusion in 1965 as a broadcaster and dubbing artist, graduated from RTV's second artiste training class in 1967 and was picked by director Chor Yuen for a film in his Black Rose series, becoming Chor's first protégé. He joined TVB in 1968, starred in the station's first long-form drama and directed his first feature in 1974. In the 1980s he formed the 'Lucky Stars' with Sammo Hung, Richard Ng, Charlie Chin and John Sham and became famous as a deadpan comedian, settling in Taiwan in 1986. He died there in October 2025, aged 80. 馮淬帆1944年生於粵劇世家，原名馮兆覲，字河清，人稱「阿覲」；父親馮鏡華係粵劇武生同老生，母親吳慧儂亦係粵劇名伶，長姊白楊同三姊馮未晚都係粵劇演員。1950年六歲嗰年佢隨家人來港，讀灣仔端正中學同知行中學，高中時到報社打工幫補家計。1965年佢加入麗的呼聲做播音同配音，1967年喺麗的映聲第二期藝員訓練班畢業，獲導演楚原賞識參演電影《紅花俠盜》，成為楚原嘅首徒；1968年轉投無綫電視，主演該台首部長篇電視劇《夢斷情天》，1974年首次執導電影《香港屋簷下》。八十年代佢憑《奇謀妙計五福星》、《福星高照》等片，同洪金寶、吳耀漢、秦祥林、岑建勳合稱「五福星」，以「冷面笑匠」、「幽默祖師」形象走紅，1986年移居台灣。2025年10月佢喺台灣逝世，享年八十歲。 ## 霍然 / . A Hong Kong film director recorded in specialist reference works on the city's cinema, Fo Yin belongs to the quieter majority of Hong Kong film history — directors whose careers were brief and unglamorous, yet who left audiences of their era laughter and tears all the same. 霍然係香港電影導演，名字被收入香港電影導演嘅專門文獻。香港電影史由無數短暫而密集嘅創作生涯組成，好多導演一生作品未必張揚，但都喺某個年代為觀眾留低過笑聲或眼淚；佢係呢個沉默多數嘅一員。 ## 霍耀良 / Clarence Fok Yiu-leung 1977–2024. Clarence Fok Yiu-leung (1955–2024) was a Hong Kong director and producer who occasionally appeared in cameo roles. A graduate of the Hong Kong Polytechnic's design school, he joined RTV's training course in 1977 for six months of directing instruction, worked as an assistant director and moved to Television Broadcasts as a director in 1978. He shot his first feature in 1980, directed a 1981 youth drama starring Danny Chan and Leslie Cheung, and was promoted to producer at the station that same year; he left in 1984 to work full time in film. Known for quick thinking and speed, he made one of the earliest time-travel pictures and the first Hong Kong film shot in Moscow, and directed two very different Category III films, the first of which became an internationally celebrated cult classic that American director James Gunn has cited as a major influence. He also served as creative planner for Johnny Mak's production company, and from 2000 worked mainly on mainland television dramas. He died at Shatin Hospital on 1 February 2024, aged 68. 霍耀良（1955–2024），係香港導演同監製，偶爾會喺電影中客串演出。佢畢業於香港理工學院設計學院，1977年參加麗的電視訓練班接受六個月編導訓練，畢業後做助理編導，1978年轉投無綫電視當編導；1980年佢開拍首部電影《越南仔》（1982年才公映），1981年執導由陳百強、張國榮主演嘅《失業生》，同年喺無綫晉升為監製，監製《荳芽夢》同《逐個捉》，1984年因希望全身投入電影圈而與無綫解約。佢以急才勤快見稱，其中《急凍奇俠》係最早嘅時空穿越題材，《紅場飛龍》係第一部在莫斯科拍攝嘅香港電影；佢亦拍過兩部風格截然不同嘅三級片《赤裸羔羊》同《郎心如鐵》，前者成為國際著名Cult電影經典，美國導演詹姆斯·岡恩指該片對其電影生涯影響深遠，佢並曾出任麥當雄電影製作公司嘅創作策劃。2000年以後佢多在中國內地拍攝電視劇，作品包括《七劍下天山》、《守着陽光守着你》等；2024年2月1日佢因腎癌及心臟病於沙田醫院病逝，終年68歲。 ## 方育平 / . Allen Fong, born in 1947, studied at Hong Kong Baptist College and in the United States before joining TVB. His docudrama Father and Son (1981) won Best Film and Best Director at the first Hong Kong Film Awards, and Ah Ying (1983) earned him a second Best Director — both built on real people and non-professional actors, pioneering Hong Kong's realist cinema. 方育平1947年出世，浸會學院傳理系畢業，後赴美修讀電影，返港入無綫電視。1981年以半紀錄片式嘅《父子情》奪得首屆香港電影金像獎最佳電影同最佳導演，1983年《半邊人》(Ah Ying) 再奪最佳導演，兩次得獎都建基於真實人物同素人演出，開創香港寫實電影先河。 ## 方令正 / . 方令正 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 方令正係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 方平 / . Henry Fong Ping, born in Hong Kong in 1951, joined the Great Wall studio in 1968 and played Yat Cheung-hang in The White-Haired Enchantress (1980) opposite his wife, actress Paw Hee-ching — part of a film family that includes father-in-law Bak Fong and brother-in-law, cinematographer Peter Pau. He turned to producing in the 1990s, backing Lost in Time, One Nite in Mongkok, Infernal Affairs II and Overheard, while his roles as triad boss 'Gandhi' in Infernal Affairs II remain memorable. 方平1951年生於香港，1968年加入長城電影公司，1980年在《白髮魔女傳》中飾演卓一航，同妻子鮑起靜係長城銀幕情侶。岳父係鮑方、內弟係攝影師鮑德熹，可謂電影世家。八十年代起轉向監製，與爾冬陞、麥兆輝、莊文強等合作《忘不了》《旺角黑夜》《竊聽風雲》等名作；演出方面《無間道II》嘅黑幫頭目「甘地」、《買兇拍人》嘅「爛口華」都令觀眾難忘。 ## 方俊華 / . 方俊華 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 方俊華係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 傅奇 / . Fu Qi, born in 1929, graduated from Shanghai's St John's University and joined the Great Wall studio in the 1950s as its leading man, forming a celebrated on- and off-screen pair with actress Shih Hui, starring in the studio's romances and comedies and later helping manage the company — a representative figure of the left-wing film camp. 傅奇1929年出世，上海聖約翰大學畢業，五十年代加入長城電影公司成為當家小生，同妻子石慧組成著名銀幕夫妻檔，主演多部長城出品嘅文藝片同喜劇，六七十年代亦參與公司管理，係左派電影陣營嘅代表人物之一。 ## 馮志剛 / . 馮志剛 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 馮志剛係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 馮志強 / . 馮志強 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 馮志強係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 馮峰 / . 馮峰 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 馮峰係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 馮克安 / . Born into a film family — his father Fung Fung was an actor-director — Fung Hark-on trained in martial arts and joined Shaw Brothers in the 1960s, becoming the studio's signature sinister villain with solid kung-fu credentials. He returned to the screen in Kung Fu Hustle (2004) as one of the harp assassins. He died of illness in 2016, aged 66. 馮克安出身電影世家，父親係五六十年代演員兼導演馮峰。佢自細學武，六十年代加入邵氏，以陰險反派同紮實武打底子成為邵氏動作片嘅金牌綠葉，同劉家良、姜大衛等合作無間。2004年佢喺《功夫》演古琴殺手之一再現銀幕。2016年佢因病離世，終年66歲，影壇失去一位見證動作片半世紀變遷嘅老將。 ## 馮柏源 / . 馮柏源 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 馮柏源係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 馮德倫 / . Stephen Fung, born in 1974, graduated in computer science from the University of Michigan before returning to Hong Kong as a singer-actor. He moved into directing with House of Fury (2005) and the Tai Chi series, directed episodes of AMC's Into the Badlands, and assembled Andy Lau and Shu Qi for The Adventurers (2017) — among the few Hong Kong directors working in mainstream Western markets. 馮德倫1974年出世，美國密歇根大學電腦科學系畢業，回港後以歌手同演員身份出道，2000年代轉型導演，執導《精武家庭》《太極》系列，並遠赴美國執導AMC劇集《荒原》，2017年《俠盜聯盟》集結劉德華、舒淇等巨星，係少數能喺歐美主流市場執筒嘅香港導演之一。 ## 馮遠文 / . 馮遠文 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 馮遠文係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 高威廉 / . A Hong Kong film director whose name appears in the reference catalogues of the city's cinema, Ko William is one of the many credited hands behind Hong Kong's peak as the world's most prolific film city — a recorded name, and with it a footnote of Hong Kong film history. 高威廉係香港電影導演，見於香港電影導演嘅文獻目錄。喺華語電影嘅版圖上，香港曾經係產量最高嘅片場城市；每一部出品背後都有導演嘅名字，而佢嘅名字正係其中一個——紀錄本身，已經係香港電影史嘅註腳。 ## 夏雨 / . 夏雨 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 夏雨係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 韓英傑 / . 韓英傑 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 韓英傑係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 賀賓 / . 賀賓 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 賀賓係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 何非光 / . 何非光 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 何非光係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 何兆璋 / . 何兆璋 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 何兆璋係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 向華勝 / . A legendary behind-the-scenes mogul, he co-founded Win's Movie Production with his elder brother Charles Heung and masterminded Stephen Chow's 1990s hits such as Fight Back to School and Flirting Scholar, also backing stars like Andy Lau and Sharla Cheung. He died of illness in 2014, aged 64, marking the close of an era of mogul-driven filmmaking. 向華勝係香港電影工業最具傳奇色彩嘅幕後大亨之一。佢同哥哥向華強創辦永盛電影公司，九十年代一手主導周星馳多部經典嘅製作，《逃學威龍》《唐伯虎點秋香》等片喺佢手上變成票房神話。佢眼光獨到，敢於重本，亦捧紅劉德華、張敏等巨星。2014年佢因病離世，終年64歲，標誌住一個由大亨主導製作嘅電影年代落幕。 ## 何宗道 / . 何宗道 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 何宗道係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 何藩 / . Fan Ho, born in Shanghai in 1933, moved to Hong Kong in 1949 and was winning photography prizes at fourteen. His black-and-white studies of the city's streets and light earned him the nickname 'the Cartier-Bresson of the East'. He later acted and directed for the Shaw Brothers, including experimental works, and his late photobook trilogy recapturing 1950s–60s Hong Kong moved the world anew. 何藩1933年出世，上海人，1949年移居香港，十四歲已贏得攝影獎項，五六十年代以鏡頭捕捉香港街頭光影聞名世界，被譽為「東方布列松」。佢後來成為邵氏演員同導演，執導《離》(1966) 等實驗作品，晚年輯錄五六十年代舊作出版攝影集三部曲，再次感動世界。 ## 何碧雯 / . 何碧雯 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 何碧雯係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 何夢華 / . A celebrated Shaw Brothers genre director, he made the studio's first colour Journey to the West in 1966, followed by Princess Iron Fan and The Cave of the Silken Web, bringing Chinese mythology to the screen with effects and colour. His 1977 The Mighty Peking Man paid homage to King Kong. 何夢華係邵氏著名類型片導演，1966年執導邵氏首部彩色《西遊記》，其後再拍《鐵扇公主》《盤絲洞》，以特技同色彩將中國神話搬上銀幕，開創一時風氣。1977年佢再執導《猩猩王》，向金剛致敬。佢嘅作品橫跨神話、動作同奇情，係邵氏娛樂美學嘅代表人物之一。 ## 何璧堅 / . 何璧堅 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 何璧堅係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 何澍培 / . 何澍培 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 何澍培係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 侯曜 / . 侯曜 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 侯曜係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 許宏宇 / . 許宏宇 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 許宏宇係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 胡金銓 / . King Hu, born in Beijing in 1932, moved to Hong Kong in 1949 and rose from art assistant to director. Dragon Inn (1967) swept across Asia, and A Touch of Zen (1971) won the Technical Grand Prize at Cannes — the first Chinese director honoured there. Fusing Peking-opera movement, Zen and landscape aesthetics, he elevated the wuxia film into high art, profoundly influencing later works like Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. He died in 1997, aged 65. 胡金銓1932年喺北京出世，1949年移居香港，由美術助理做起，六十年代執導《龍門客棧》(1967) 轟動亞洲，1971年《俠女》喺康城影展奪得技術大獎，係首位喺康城得獎嘅華人導演。佢將京劇身段、禪意同山水美學融入武俠片，令類型電影提升至藝術層次，影響李安《臥虎藏龍》等後世作品至深。1997年離世，終年65歲。 ## 黃楓 / . A Hong Kong film director recorded in specialist reference works, Wong Fung's career marks one stretch of a long timeline — the unbroken chain of working directors who carried Hong Kong cinema from the Cantonese era through the New Wave and into the co-production age. 黃楓係香港電影導演，被收錄於香港電影導演嘅專門文獻。香港電影嘅韌性，在於一代又一代創作人喺不同時期持續開工：由粵語片到新浪潮再到合拍年代，佢嘅執導經歷就係呢條時間線上嘅一段。 ## 黃域 / . 黃域 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 黃域係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 許鞍華 / . Ann Hui, born in 1947, grew up in Macau and Hong Kong, graduated in English from the University of Hong Kong and studied film in London. The Secret (1979) announced the Hong Kong New Wave; Boat People (1982) won Best Film and Best Director at the Hong Kong Film Awards. From Summer Snow to A Simple Life, her humane realism has earned her a record six Best Director awards, and in 2020 she received the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement at Venice — the first female director so honoured. 許鞍華1947年喺遼寧出世，澳門同香港長大，香港大學英文系畢業後赴倫敦電影學校深造，返港入電視台，1979年以《瘋劫》成為香港新浪潮代表作之一。1982年《投奔怒海》奪得金像獎最佳電影同最佳導演；其後《女人四十》《天水圍的日與夜》《桃姐》以細膩寫實筆觸刻畫普通人，六度奪得金像獎最佳導演，紀錄至今無人能破。2020年獲威尼斯影展終身成就金獅獎，係首位獲此殊榮嘅女導演。 ## 許冠文 / Michael Hui 1970s–present. Michael Hui, born in 1942, graduated in sociology from the University of Hong Kong and worked as a teacher and in advertising before co-hosting the 1970s TVB variety show Hui's Double Stars with brother Sam. His directorial debut Games Gamblers Play (1974) set Hong Kong's all-time box-office record, launching the 'Hui Brothers' comedy of ordinary people's struggles; The Private Eyes (1976) and The Contract (1978) followed as successive box-office champions, and Security Unlimited won him Best Actor at the first Hong Kong Film Awards in 1982. His satire of greed and drudgery defined Hong Kong comedy before Stephen Chow, and the four Hui brothers remain the city's most famous entertainment family. 許冠文1942年出世，香港大學社會學系畢業，做過教師同廣告工作，七十年代同細佬許冠傑喺電視台主持《雙星報喜》嶄露頭角。1974年執導《鬼馬雙星》，創下當時香港開埠以來最高票房紀錄，開創以小市民辛酸入戲嘅「許氏喜劇」；《半斤八兩》(1976)《賣身契》(1978) 接連成為票房冠軍。1982年憑《摩登保鏢》成為首屆香港電影金像獎影帝。佢嘅喜劇諷刺精明勢利同打工仔掙扎，為周星馳之前嘅港產喜劇定調，許氏四傑（文、武、英、傑）更係香港娛樂史上最著名嘅家族組合。 ## 許誠毅 / . 許誠毅 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 許誠毅係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 洪金寶 / . Sammo Hung, born in 1952, was the eldest of the 'Seven Little Fortunes' at the China Drama Academy, leading classmates like Jackie Chan and Yuen Biao into the industry. Rising as action choreographer and director in the 1970s, he won Best Actor at the first Hong Kong Film Awards in 1983 for Carry on Pickpocket, produced Mr. Vampire (1985), which sparked a jiangshi hopping-vampire craze, and his Lucky Stars series pioneered the all-star New Year comedy. Prizing realism and rhythm in action design, he trained generations of stuntmen and remains a key figure bridging Cantonese-era kung fu and modern stunt cinema. 洪金寶1952年出世，係于占元門下「七小福」嘅大師兄，帶領成龍、元彪等師兄弟入行。七十年代以武術指導同導演身份崛起，1983年憑《提防小手》成為首屆香港電影金像獎影帝；1985年監製《殭屍先生》掀起殭屍片熱潮，「福星」系列賀歲喜劇亦開創群星雲集嘅賀歲片模式。佢嘅動作設計講求實感同節奏，培育咗大量動作演員同武指人才，2010年代仍然親自操刀設計動作，係香港動作電影由粵語片武師傳統過渡到現代特技嘅關鍵人物。 ## 甘國亮 / 1970s–present. Born in 1950 and known as 'Kam Sang', Kam Kwok-leung is a writer, director, actor and host whose career spans television, radio, film and stage. His 1980s television dramas — among them No Biz Like Show Biz and Five Easy Pieces — became classics of Cantonese television for their fine observation of human relations. He has held senior posts at ATV, TVB, Star TV, Phoenix TV and Commercial Radio, and is credited with discovering or nurturing talents including Patrick Tam, Wong Kar-wai, Wong Jing and Johnnie To. 甘國亮1950年出世，人稱「甘生」，係香港編劇、導演、演員同節目主持，跨越電視、電台、電影同舞台劇嘅創作人。八十年代佢編導嘅《山水有相逢》《輪流傳》《不是冤家不聚頭》成為港劇經典，對人情世態嘅細膩書寫影響深遠。佢歷任亞洲電視、無綫電視、衛星電視、鳳凰衛視同商業電台等管理層，譚家明、王家衛、王晶、杜琪峰等都係由佢發掘或提拔。 ## 金炳興 / Kam Ping Hing 1960s–present. Kam Ping Hing, born in Shanghai in 1937 to a family from Wu County, Jiangsu and raised in Sai Wan, Hong Kong, is a film critic and director. Educated at Fong Lam and Nam Chow schools, he read electrical engineering at National Taiwan University, graduating in 1962 but choosing a life in the arts. He wrote modern poetry while in Taiwan, helped found the literary fortnightly Hao Wang Kok in 1963, edited the film page of the Chinese Student Weekly, reviewed films for University Life and the Express, and in 1968 joined Cathay as assistant to director Liu Fang-kang. He studied at Rome's film school from 1970, and on returning in 1971 was introduced by Dai Tian to work as an assistant to King Hu while lecturing on film in the Chinese University's extramural department. In 1973 he founded the Firebird Film Club to promote film culture. Around 1983–84 he wrote and directed his first feature, and his screenplay for Nomad was nominated for Best Screenplay at the 2nd Hong Kong Film Awards. A founding member of the Hong Kong Film Critics Society in 1995, he has judged the Golden Horse Awards, the Hong Kong Film Awards and the Asia-Pacific Film Festival. 金炳興1937年生於上海，籍貫江蘇吳縣，喺香港成長，早年住西環一帶，係香港影評人同導演。佢讀仿林中學附設小學、南僑中學同仿林中學，1958年中六畢業後到國立臺灣大學讀電機工程，1962年取得學士學位之後，選擇走自己喜歡嘅文藝路。佢留台期間已經開始寫現代詩，返港後1963年協助創辦文藝半月刊《好望角》，又主編《中國學生周報》電影版，為《大學生活》同《快報》寫影評，1968年加入國泰機構任劉芳剛嘅副導演。1970年佢赴意大利羅馬電影實驗中心留學，1971年返港後獲戴天引薦任胡金銓助理，並任中文大學校外課程部電影文憑課程講師；1973年佢創立「火鳥電影會」，推動香港電影文化。1983至1984年間佢自編自導首部電影《我為你狂》，編劇作品《烈火青春》獲第二屆香港電影金像獎最佳編劇提名。佢亦係香港電影評論學會1995年創會成員，歷任金馬獎、香港電影金像獎同亞太影展評審。 ## 金揚樺 / . 金揚樺 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 金揚樺係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 闞家偉 / . 闞家偉 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 闞家偉係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 耿啟文 / . 耿啟文 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 耿啟文係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 簡君晉 / . Lawrence Kan Kwan-chun is a new-generation Hong Kong director and a graduate of the Vancouver Film School whose short film The Stairs won a national youth competition in 2011. His 2023 feature In Broad Daylight, about reporters going undercover in a residential care home, earned a record 16 Hong Kong Film Award nominations and pushed care-home abuse into public debate. He also created the series IT Dog and has served as creative director of the HKFA ceremony. 簡君晉係香港新生代導演，溫哥華電影學院畢業，2011年以短片《樓梯》奪華人青年短片創作大賽最佳影片。2023年執導《白日之下》，以記者臥底查探殘疾院舍虐老真相，橫掃第42屆香港電影金像獎16項提名，令社會重新關注院舍問題；佢亦創作《IT狗》等劇集，並多次擔任金像獎典禮創作總監，係香港電影新浪潮中最關注社會公義嘅聲音之一。 ## 高立 / . 高立 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 高立係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 高寶樹 / . 高寶樹 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 高寶樹係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 姜國民 / . 姜國民 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 姜國民係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 高志森 / Clifton Ko 1977–present. Clifton Ko, born in 1958, is a Hong Kong director and producer and a cross-media creator whose work spans film, television drama, concerts, stage plays and television programmes; he founded Spring-Time Stage Productions. He attended a primary school in Hung Hom and a secondary school in Kwun Tong up to Form Three, then moved to Macau to study at a school where he was a member of its 38th graduating class. Spotted by the noted Hong Kong playwright Leung Lap-yan, he joined RTV in 1977 as a screenwriter for two years, entering the industry at only nineteen and working on dramas including The Crocodile Tears and a hit crime serial; in 1980 he moved to Television Broadcasts as assistant director to comedian Fung Tsui-fan. He also began writing film scripts in 1979 and formally directed his first film in 1984. Ko wrote and directed many Chinese-language comedies: Chinese New Year hits such as All's Well, Ends Well, its sequels and family comedies; youth pictures including the Happy Ghost series and Merry Christmas; and the box-office record-holder It's a Mad, Mad, Mad World among others. In the early 1990s he took a bold turn to musicals and women's films, creating the hit stage and screen versions of a nostalgic romance set in a 1960s nightclub. 高志森1958年生，MH，原籍廣東中山，係香港導演、監製，亦是跨媒體人，作品包括電影、電視劇、演唱會、舞台劇及電視節目等，也是春天舞台製作有限公司創辦人。佢曾就讀基督教香港信義會紅磡信義學校同觀塘瑪利諾書院（中一至中三），中三離校後到澳門入讀勵群中學，為該校第38屆畢業生。之後高志森獲香港著名劇作家梁立人賞識，在1977年加入麗的電視（亞洲電視前身）當上兩年編劇，入行時只有19歲，曾參與《奇兵36》、《李後主》、《鱷魚淚》、《危險人物》、《變色龍》、《新變色龍》等電視劇；1980年佢轉往無綫電視擔任馮淬帆嘅助理編導。1979年佢同時開始編寫電影劇本，1984年正式執導影片。高志森曾編劇、執導多部華語影壇喜劇電影，多部賀歲片如《家有囍事》、《花田囍事》、《大富之家》等，青春偶像電影《開心鬼》系列、《大贏家》、《聖誕快樂》等，以及《富貴逼人》系列、《豪門夜宴》、《合家歡》、《雞同鴨講》等，香港喜劇電影最高票房紀錄曾經由佢創造。九十年代初佢大膽以歌舞和女性電影等非主流元素，創作及製作賣座嘅《我和春天有個約會》電影同舞台劇。 ## 高飛 / . 高飛 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 高飛係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 高林豹 / Danny Ko Lam-pau 1980s–present. A member of the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild, Danny Ko Lam-pau is a producer and director working across film and television. As a secondary school student he joined the Tsuen Wan Youth Theatre at fourteen, won a best actor prize at the Tsuen Wan Drama Competition in 1979 and another award at the Urban Council Drama Festival in 1981. He joined ATV as an assistant director in 1986, became a director in 1989, directed his first feature in 1994 and won the Golden Bauhinia Award for Most Creative Film with February 30. From 1997 he worked in mainland China on hit series such as The Legend of the Juvenile Justice Bao, The Journey of Flower and Wu Xin: The Monster Killer, and co-directed Painted Skin with Gordon Chan in 2008. 高林豹係香港電影導演會會員，做電影同電視劇嘅多方位製作人。佢早年讀荃灣官立工業中學，十四歲加入荃灣青年劇藝社；1979年仲係學生嘅佢，參加第三屆荃灣戲劇比賽獲「最佳男演員」，1981年再喺市政局主辦嘅戲劇匯演拎到中學組優異演員獎。1986年佢加入亞洲電視做助理編導，1989年升做編導，1994年首次執導電影《九九九誰是兇手》，並憑《二月三十》獲第二屆香港電影評論學會推薦電影，同第一屆香港電影金紫荊獎最富創意獎。1997年起佢轉戰內地，製作《少年包青天》、《花千骨》、《無心法師》等高收視劇集，2008年同陳嘉上聯合導演《畫皮》。 ## 柯受良 / Blackie Ko 1965–2003. Blackie Ko (1953–2003), nicknamed 'Siu Hak', was a Taiwanese actor, stuntman, director and racing driver. Born on Yushan Island off Zhejiang, he fled with his family to Taitung, Taiwan during the 1955 Dachen withdrawal and won the Taiwan motorcycle obstacle championship in 1975. Entering the Hong Kong film industry in 1977 as action director, stunt performer and director, he became famous for Aces Go Places (1982), in which he rode a motorcycle at 200 km/h out of a second-floor window, hung in the air for three seconds and dropped into the sea — a stunt other Hong Kong stuntmen had called impossible. Known thereafter as 'Daring Ko', he jumped a motorcycle over the Great Wall and over the Potala Palace, and on 1 June 1997, on the eve of Hong Kong's handover, drove a car across the Hukou waterfall on the Yellow River, earning the title 'Asia's first flying man' and a place in the Guinness records. He directed his first feature in 1988, appeared in the Young and Dangerous series and died in Shanghai in December 2003, aged 50. 柯受良1953年生於浙江臨海縣漁山列島，綽號「小黑」，係演員、特技人、導演同賽車手。1955年大陳島撤退時，佢隨父親追隨國軍移居台灣台東，少年時已經做電單車特技，1975年奪得台灣摩托車障礙賽冠軍。1977年佢進入香港影視圈，擔任武術指導、驚險片演員同導演；1982年《最佳拍檔》入面，佢親自駕駛電單車以時速二百公里從大廈二樓破窗而出，停留三秒再落海，成為香港影壇經典一幕，自此有「柯大膽」之稱。佢先後駕駛電單車飛越萬里長城同西藏布達拉宮，1997年6月1日更喺香港回歸前夕駕車飛越黃河壺口瀑布，有「亞洲第一飛人」之譽，並被列入健力士世界紀錄。佢1988年首次執導《壯志豪情》，亦參演《古惑仔》電影系列；2003年12月喺上海病逝，終年五十歲。 ## 高先明 / . 高先明 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 高先明係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 谷德昭 / . Vincent Kok, born in 1965, began as a comedy screenwriter with a gift for streetwise dialogue and rapid-fire gags. He has directed several comedies and is also a beloved comic actor, unforgettable in Flirting Scholar as the rival couplet poet — a true multi-hyphenate of Hong Kong comedy. 谷德昭1965年出世，喜劇編劇出身，擅長市井對白同密集笑位，執導《行運一條龍》等作品，同時係出色的喜劇演員，周星馳《唐伯虎點秋香》入面嘅對穿火對對穿腸令人難忘。多年來橫跨編、導、演、主持，係香港喜劇圈嘅多面手。 ## 江漢 / . Kong Hon (1939–2017), born Jiang Yongming in Liaoyang, Liaoning, came from an acting family at the Great Wall and Phoenix studios and began in Mandarin films as a child star at age ten. He became a leading man at Great Wall with over 200 credits, moved to Rediffusion Television in 1979 and TVB in 1991, and was beloved as the on-screen father in series such as Burning Flame and Heart of Greed — colleagues like Louis Koo affectionately called him 'Uncle Kong Hon'. 江漢（1939–2017）原名姜永明，生於遼寧遼陽，父母都是長城、鳳凰公司嘅演員，佢十歲起以童星身份演出國語片，是長城影業嘅當家小生，作品逾二百部。1979年加入麗的電視，1991年轉投無綫，以《烈火雄心》《溏心風暴》等劇集嘅父親角色深入民心，古天樂都尊稱佢做「江漢叔」。佢係香港影視三代同堂嘅見證者：由國語片小生到電視爸爸，跨越六十年。 ## 江道海 / Benz Kong Tao-hoi 1975–present. Benz Kong Tao-hoi, born in Hong Kong in 1956, grew up in an acrobatics and magic family: his grandfather was a strongman who performed in Hong Kong from the 1950s, and his parents ran the No. 7 theatre of the Lai Yuen amusement park, training successors through their troupe. Third of six children, he practised acrobatics while at school and performed from childhood alongside singers such as Anita Mui. He entered films in 1975 as a stunt double and bit-part player and became a full action director in 1983. His conjuring background made him a sought-after gambling-technique adviser during the 1990s poker-film boom, and he worked for years with Tung Wai and followed Sammo Hung into action design, co-founding a production company in 1991. He won his first Golden Horse nomination for action choreography in 1994 and a second in 2004, made his directing debut in 2007, and was nominated again at the 61st Golden Horse Awards in 2024. 江道海1956年生於香港，成長於雜技魔術世家，祖父江寬餘係1950年代來港表演嘅大力士，父母係荔園第7劇場班主，以江氏雜技團師徒制培訓繼承人，佢喺六兄弟姊妹中排行第三，童年一邊練雜技一邊讀書，自小與張德蘭、梅艷芳等同台演出。1975年佢加入電影圈任特技替身同小角色，1983年正式升任動作指導；因出身魔術雜技，1990年代賭片盛行時常任賭術指導，長年與董瑋、潘健君合作，並追隨洪金寶發展動作設計，1991年與張同祖、董瑋合組新影像電影製作公司。1994年憑《暴雨驕陽》首獲金馬獎最佳動作指導提名，2004年《天下無賊》再獲提名，2007年執導《雙子神偷》並競逐第27屆香港電影金像獎最佳動作設計；2024年憑《武替道》角逐第61屆金馬獎最佳動作設計。 ## 葛民輝 / Eric Kot 1988–present. Eric Kot Man-fai, born in 1966, is a Hong Kong radio host, actor and director best known as the 'soft' half of the pop duo Softhard. The son of a tipper-truck driver, he grew up in Fuk Loi Estate in Tsuen Wan, the fourth child of the family, and after graduating from Wah Yan College Kowloon in 1984 studied design at the Caritas Bianchi College of Careers, where he met Jan Lamb. He worked as a window dresser for the fashion designer Walter Ma and sold clothes with Lamb at Esprit before the pair joined Commercial Radio as part-time DJs on 21 March 1988 to form Softhard, Kot reporting traffic as 'Road Angel' and becoming a fixture of 1990s Hong Kong pop culture. From the late 1990s he concentrated on film acting, earning a Hong Kong Film Awards Best Actor nomination in 1995, and directed his first feature in 1998. A leading figure of Hong Kong street fashion, he set up the design house Double X Workshop with Calvin Choy of Grasshopper in 1994. 葛民輝1966年出世，係香港電台節目主持、演員同導演，最為人熟悉嘅身分係流行組合「軟硬天師」嘅「軟天師」。佢父親係泥頭車司機，佢喺荃灣福來邨長大，家中排行第四，讀大窩口寶血會德貞小學，1984年喺九龍華仁書院畢業，之後喺明愛白英奇專業學校讀設計並認識林海峰，做過時裝設計師 Walter Ma 嘅櫥窗設計師，又同林海峰一齊喺 Esprit 做時裝售貨員同櫥窗設計。1988年3月21日佢哋兼職加入商業電台做DJ，組成軟硬天師，葛民輝主力報告交通消息，以「馬路天使 葛of the road」打響名堂，九十年代成為香港流行文化標記。佢1990年代後期主力拍電影，1995年憑《三個相愛的少年》獲香港電影金像獎最佳男主角提名，1998年首次執導《初纏戀後的二人世界》；佢亦係香港潮流界代表人物，1994年同蔡一智成立設計公司 Double X Workshop。 ## 顧文宗 / . 顧文宗 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 顧文宗係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 桂治洪 / . A prolific Shaw Brothers genre director known for erotic thrillers and crime pictures with a dark, kinetic style, his 1980 film The Hex, blending folk horror with domestic suspense, stands as one of the studio's signature horror works. 桂治洪係邵氏多產嘅類型片導演，作品以奇情、犯罪同血腥美學見稱。1980年佢執導嘅《邪》將民俗恐怖同倫理驚慄結合，成為邵氏恐怖片嘅代表作之一。佢嘅影片節奏凌厲、題材大膽，係七十至八十年代邵氏類型片嘅重要推手之一。 ## 鞠覺亮 / Kok Kok-leung 1980s–present. Born in 1958, Kok Kok-leung trained in TVB's seventh acting class in 1978 — a junior of Johnnie To and senior of the Five Tiger Generals — before moving behind the camera and becoming a director in 1983. His first Jin Yong adaptation was The Legend of the Condor Heroes (1983), followed by The Return of the Condor Heroes (Andy Lau version), The Flying Fox of Snowy Mountain, The Duke of Mount Deer (Tony Leung and Andy Lau) and the Books and Swords series, making him one of television's most prolific adapters of Jin Yong. He moved to ATV in the mid-1980s and to Taiwan and the mainland in the early 1990s. 鞠覺亮1958年出世，1978年考入第七期無綫電視藝員訓練班；論輩分，佢係杜琪峰嘅師弟、無綫五虎將嘅師兄。後來佢轉到幕後，由助理編導做起，1983年升做編導，同年執導《射鵰英雄傳》（1983年版），呢部係佢第一齣金庸武俠劇。之後佢拍過《書劍恩仇錄》、《天龍八部》、《雪山飛狐》（呂良偉版）、《鹿鼎記》（梁朝偉、劉德華版）同《神鵰俠侶》（劉德華版）等，係改編金庸作品最多嘅電視導演之一。八十年代中後期佢轉投亞洲電視；九十年代初開始去台灣同中國內地發展。 ## 關文清 / . 關文清 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 關文清係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## Kwan Man-ching / . Kwan Man-ching (1894-1995), from Taishan in Guangdong, was one of Hong Kong's earliest film directors. Trained in the United States with Hollywood experience, he returned in the 1920s to direct Cantonese films through the silent-to-sound transition. Renowned for mentoring young performers, he was respectfully called Master Kwan. He lived past one hundred, spanning a century of Chinese cinema. 關文清1894年出世，廣東台山人，係香港最早一代電影導演之一。青年時期赴美國學習電影製作，曾喺荷李活累積經驗，二三十年代返港執導，見證香港電影由默片到有聲嘅轉型。佢戰前戰後執導過多部粵語片，同時以提攜後進聞名，許多粵語片時代嘅演員都曾受佢指導，圈內尊稱佢做「關師父」。五十年代後佢返內地居住，1995年以逾百歲高齡離世，見證咗中國電影一個世紀。 ## 關山 / . 關山 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 關山係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 關信輝 / Adrian Kwan Shun-fai 1993–present. Adrian Kwan Shun-fai is a Hong Kong filmmaker who works as a director and screenwriter and has also served as assistant director, actor and producer, his films generally carrying inspirational and warm-hearted themes. Raised in a Christian family, he attended a Catholic primary school and a secondary school in Kowloon, graduating from junior secondary in 1980; the family emigrated to Canada in the 1980s, where he finished high school and university. He earned a bachelor of arts in film and digital media from the University of Regina in 1992, his graduation film winning best educational documentary and best new director awards at a Saskatchewan film and video showcase, and he spent 1992–93 shooting documentaries in South America. Returning to Hong Kong in 1993, he joined the publicity department of Television Broadcasts' English channel as a production assistant; in 1994 he approached director Peter Chan and became a continuity assistant on a major romantic comedy, and he has worked in film ever since, producing a string of gospel films from the 1990s onwards. He was nominated for outstanding young director at the 22nd Hong Kong Film Awards, and his 2015 film about a devoted headmistress grossed over HK$46 million, ranking among the highest-earning Chinese-language films in Hong Kong. In 2025 he wrote and directed a television series for the first time. 關信輝係香港電影人，現任電影導演、編劇，亦曾當副導演、演員和監製，作品多帶有勵志與溫情色彩。佢生於基督教家庭，就讀瑪利諾神父教會學校（小學部）同九龍三育中學，1980年初中畢業；1980年代隨家人移居加拿大，在當地完成中學及大學。1992年佢取得加拿大里賈納大學藝術學士學位，主修電影及數碼影像，畢業作品《Stranger陌生人》獲薩斯喀徹溫省影視展最佳教育紀錄片獎及最佳新晉導演獎；1992至1993年佢到南美洲拍紀錄片。1993年回港後，佢加入無綫電視明珠台宣傳部任製作助理；1994年向導演陳可辛自薦，成功擔任《金枝玉葉》場記，往後一直在電影界發展，由1990年代至今參與影音使團多部福音電影製作。第22屆香港電影金像獎佢憑《賤精先生》獲提名傑出青年導演；2015年其作品《五個小孩的校長》香港票房超過4600萬，打入香港華語電影累積最高票房第14位。2025年佢首次為電視劇《光明大押》擔任導演兼編劇。 ## 關錦鵬 / . Stanley Kwan, born in 1957, began as a TVB scriptwriter. Rouge (1987) made Anita Mui the Hong Kong Film Award Best Actress, and Center Stage (1991) brought Maggie Cheung the Berlin Best Actress prize. A pioneer of Chinese queer cinema, his Lan Yu (2001) portrayed gay love with rare tenderness, while Red Rose, White Rose and others continued his sensitive portraits of women's fates — an auteur style all his own. 關錦鵬1957年出世，TVB編劇出身，1987年《胭脂扣》令梅艷芳成為金像影后，1991年《阮玲玉》令張曼玉登上柏林影后寶座。佢係華語同志電影嘅開拓者，《藍宇》(2001) 動人描寫男同志愛情，亦以《地下情》《紅玫瑰白玫瑰》等持續刻畫女性命運，細膩感性嘅作者風格喺華語影壇別樹一幟。 ## 關維鵬 / Teddy Robin 1960s–present. Born in 1945 as Kwan Wai-pang, Teddy Robin led Teddy Robin and the Playboys, the first all-Chinese rock band in Hong Kong, in the 1960s. He produced his first film, Cops and Robbers (1979), to critical and commercial success, became a key figure at Pearl City and Cinema City, and has produced more than twenty films. Also a noted composer and actor, he received the CASH Music Achievement Award in 2011 and won both Best Original Film Score and Best Supporting Actor at the 30th Hong Kong Film Awards for Gallants. 關維鵬1945年出世，藝名泰迪羅賓，係香港搖滾樂先驅。六十年代佢組織全華人搖滾樂隊Teddy Robin and the Playboys，風靡全港樂迷。1979年佢首次監製電影《點指兵兵》，口碑同票房都好，之後先後成為新藝城、珠城嘅重臣，監製過二十部以上電影。佢同時係出色嘅配樂人同演員：2011年獲CASH音樂成就大獎，亦憑《打擂台》奪得第30屆香港電影金像獎最佳原創電影音樂同最佳男配角。 ## 關右章 / . 關右章 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 關右章係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 關智耀 / Jason Kwan Chi-yiu 1993–present. Jason Kwan Chi-yiu is a Hong Kong cinematographer and director, and vice-chairman of the Hong Kong Society of Cinematographers. He went to Japan in 1990 and studied film production at a Tokyo photography college from 1991; returning to Hong Kong in 1993, he joined the camera crew of Salon Films and rose to cinematographer. He went freelance in 2001, the year he shot a Andy Lau music video directed by Derek Yee's collaborator Yu Wai-kok on 16mm film, and in 2002, on Yu's recommendation, he shot a Malay-language feature in Malaysia for director Saw Teong Hin — his first credit as director of photography on a narrative film, released in 2004. His first Hong Kong feature as director of photography was a 2005 romance starring Andy Lau, and his later credits include Love in a Puff, the Cold War series, Helios, Chasing the Dragon, Project Gutenberg and Line Walker 2. He directed his first feature in 2017, produced by Pang Ho-cheung, and co-directed Chasing the Dragon with Wong Jing the same year; that film won him best cinematography at the 37th Hong Kong Film Awards, and he won again at the 38th for Project Gutenberg. 關智耀係香港攝影師同導演，現任香港專業電影攝影師學會（HKSC）副會長。1990年佢赴日本留學，1991年進入東京寫真專門學校學習電影製作；1993年完成學業後回港，加入香港沙龍電影公司攝影組工作，其後升任攝影師。2001年佢離開沙龍以自由身擔任攝影，同年在余偉國執導嘅劉德華MV《練習》中任攝影師，以16毫米菲林拍攝；2002年經余偉國推薦，佢到馬來西亞為華裔導演蘇宗興執導嘅馬來語電影《金山公主》首度任劇情電影攝影指導，影片2004年公映。佢首部在香港任攝影指導嘅電影係余偉國執導、劉德華主演嘅《再說一次我愛你》（2005），其後攝影作品包括《志明與春嬌》、《寒戰》系列、《赤道》、《追龍》、《無雙》、《使徒行者2》等。2017年佢執導首部作品《指甲刀人魔》（彭浩翔監製），其後與王晶合導《追龍》；2018年憑《追龍》奪第37屆香港電影金像獎最佳攝影，2019年再憑《無雙》奪第38屆最佳攝影。 ## 郭錦恩 / . A Hong Kong film director whose name appears in the reference works on the city's cinema, Kwok Kam-yan belongs to the ranks of creators who took the director's chair in an industry long dominated by men — a presence that is itself part of the changing face of Hong Kong filmmaking. 郭錦恩係香港電影導演，名字見於香港電影導演嘅文獻。喺導演仍以男性為主嘅行業入面，每一位踏入導演椅嘅創作人都在改寫香港影壇嘅面貌；佢嘅存在本身就是呢種改變嘅一部分。 ## 郭子健 / . 郭子健 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 郭子健係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 鄺光 / Kwong Kwong 1930s–1960s. Born in Shanghai in 1925 and raised in Hong Kong, Kwong Kwong (Chin Cho-kwong) was brought into the film business by his father Chin Tsan, founder of the National and Liberty studios, who developed his own 3-D process. In 1953 Kwong wrote and directed the Cantonese 3-D feature The Gold Rush, with polarised glasses rented at 20 cents or sold for 80 cents — a stereoscopic effect that matched American productions of the day. In 1957 he directed Mulan Goes to War using the family's anamorphic 'Grand Panorama' widescreen system, and in 1958, after his father's death, he became head of National Film Studio. He died in 2019. 鄺光1925年在上海出世，原名鄺祖光，祖籍廣東台山，童年在父親鄺贊帶領下遷居香港並入行。佢父親係「國家片場」同「自由片場」嘅創辦人，自行鑽研3D攝製技術，1953年交由鄺光編導粵語3D電影《淘金記》，觀眾要戴偏光眼鏡入場，租眼鏡兩毫、買要八毫，影片當年6月19日公映，立體效果媲美美國水準。1957年佢再為父親同兄長研發嘅「偉大綜合體」闊銀幕技術編導《木蘭從軍》。1958年父親離世後，鄺光接任國家電影製片廠廠長。2019年逝世。 ## 鄺文偉 / . 鄺文偉 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 鄺文偉係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 賴恩慈 / Mo Lai Yan-chi 2000s–present. Mo Lai Yan-chi, born in 1986, is a Hong Kong theatre and film writer, director and actor, and a theatre educator. A graduate of Baptist University's television and film department, she took a master's in cultural studies at Lingnan and another in theatre at the University of Leeds. On stage she was lead actress and chair of a local theatre company, appearing in more than twenty productions and creating a series of one-woman shows; she studied people's theatre in Bangladesh and India in 2005 and trained at a San Francisco mime troupe in 2007, twice receiving Arts Development Council support. Her 2010 short film about a grandfather and grandson facing village clearance won the top prize at the Fresh Wave festival and gold in the open category of the ifva awards, and its feature-length extension screened at the Asian Film Festival and won prizes at more than ten international festivals. She was named a Hong Kong Ten Outstanding Young Person in 2012. 賴恩慈1986年生，香港劇場同電影編劇、導演、演員兼劇場教育工作者，畢業於香港浸會大學傳理學院電視電影系，其後取得嶺南大學文化研究碩士同英國列斯大學戲劇碩士。劇場方面，佢曾任好戲量首席女演員兼劇團主席，演出《駒歌》、《吉蒂與死人頭》、《陰質教育》等二十多套劇目，並製作《一個女子的獨腳戲》系列；2005年赴孟加拉同印度考察民眾劇場，2007年赴美國三藩市默劇團深造，兩度獲藝發局「新苗計劃」支持。電影方面，2010年佢首部劇情短片《1+1》寫菜園村遷拆下嘅兩爺孫，奪「鮮浪潮」最佳電影及最高榮譽大獎、ifva公開組金獎，延伸長片《N+N》入選亞洲電影節並獲逾十個國際電影節獎項。佢2012年獲選十大傑出青年。 ## 黎北海 / . 黎北海 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 黎北海係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 黎大煒 / . David Lai Tai-wai, born in Hong Kong in 1952 and brother-in-law of Cantonese opera legend Lam Ka-sing, worked his way up at Rediffusion Television directing episodes of classics like The Fate of a Legend and Crocodile Tears. In 1981 he co-founded a film company with Jeffrey Lau and Corey Yuen; his debut Lonely Fifteen (1982), a gritty portrait of teenage delinquents, broke box-office records and earned an HKFA Best Director nomination. He later directed Saviour of the Soul (1991) and Heaven and Earth, and led Andy Lau's Teamwork Motion Pictures. 黎大煒1952年生於香港，襟兄係粵劇名伶林家聲。佢由麗的電視助導做起，執導過《天蠶變》《鱷魚淚》等經典劇集，1981年同劉鎮偉、元奎創辦影藝創庫，1982年首部電影《靚妹仔》以實錄式筆觸寫太妹人生，破千萬票房並獲金像獎最佳導演提名。其後拍《九一神鵰俠侶》《天與地》，並成為劉德華天幕製作嘅董事，係八十至九十年代香港影視兩棲嘅多面手。 ## 林正英 / Ching-ying Lam 1970s–1990s. Lam Ching-ying, born in 1952, trained in Peking opera and served as action director for Bruce Lee's The Big Boss and others, a backbone of Hong Kong's stunt guild. Mr. Vampire (1985) made his stern one-line-brow Taoist priest an icon and sparked a worldwide jiangshi craze, extended by sequels like Mr. Vampire II. He died of liver cancer in November 1997, aged 44 — Hong Kong cinema's forever 'Uncle Nine'. 林正英1952年出世，京劇戲班出身，七十年代做李小龍《唐山大兄》等片嘅武術指導，是龍虎武師嘅中堅。1985年主演《殭屍先生》，一句一板一眼嘅「一字眉」道長形象深入民心，掀起全球殭屍片熱潮，其後《殭屍家族》《一眉道人》持續開拓類型。1997年11月佢因肝癌離世，終年44歲，香港影壇永遠嘅「九叔」。 ## 林超賢 / 1990s–present. Born in 1964, Dante Lam worked as an actor, action director and assistant director before co-directing Beast Cops with Gordon Chan in 1998, which won Best Film and Best Director at the 18th Hong Kong Film Awards. His films are noted for meticulous attention to police procedure and firearms; from The Beast Stalker onward he added psychological depth to action cinema — a role that won Nick Cheung seven best-actor awards. Operation Mekong and Operation Red Sea made him a leading figure in Chinese-language military action filmmaking. 林超賢1964年出世，做過演員、動作導演同助理導演，1998年同陳嘉上合導《野獸刑警》，奪得第18屆香港電影金像獎最佳電影同最佳導演。佢嘅作品對警察運作同槍械細節考究出名，由《証人》開始加入角色嘅心理轉折，為動作片開出文戲新路，《証人》更令張家輝成為七料影帝。近年《湄公河行動》《紅海行動》等大型製作，令佢成為華語軍事動作片嘅代表人物。 ## 林德祿 / David Lam 1970s–present. David Lam Tak-luk, born in Macau in 1954 to a family from Huiyang, Guangdong and brought to Shau Kei Wan on Hong Kong Island at eleven, is a film director, writer and producer known for crime films and films about sex workers. He entered TVB's first artiste training class in 1971 intending to work behind the camera and was steered into the drama department, beginning as assistant director on the series The Lamp of Wisdom; once promoted to drama director he made his first series, and he also served as deputy head of the artiste training class, examining its third intake. In 1977 he, Tsui Hark and Ringo Lam were invited to join Commercial Television. Through the 1980s and 1990s he turned out a run of commercially strong social dramas about call girls, male escorts, mothers and women's prisons, and from 2014 he directed the anti-corruption Z Storm series, which brought him back to the forefront of the industry as one of the few Hong Kong directors spanning both the television and film eras. 林德祿1954年生於澳門，籍貫廣東惠陽，十一歲移居香港島筲箕灣，係電影導演、編劇同監製，擅長拍攝警匪片同性工作者題材。佢1971年入讀無綫電視第一期藝員訓練班，本來想做幕後，後來獲安排轉到戲劇組，第一份工作係電視劇《智慧的燈》嘅助理編導；升任戲劇組導演之後，首部執導嘅電視劇係《巫山盟》，期間亦兼任藝員訓練班副主任，第三期學員由佢主考。1977年佢同徐克、林嶺東一齊獲佳藝電視邀請加盟。電影方面，佢喺八十至九十年代拍出一批叫座嘅社會題材作品，包括《應召女郎1988》、《香港舞男》、《再見媽咪》同《女子監獄》；2014年起佢執導《反貪風暴》系列（《Z風暴》、《S風暴》、《L風暴》等），令佢再度活躍影壇，亦係少數橫跨電視同電影兩個年代嘅香港導演。 ## 林建明 / Meg Lam Kin-ming 1970s–present. Born in 1954, Meg Lam Kin-ming is a Hong Kong actress, host and social worker. Trained in Shaw Brothers' first acting class, she debuted after winning RTV's Beach Girl contest in 1973 — hence her nickname 'Sa Je Ming' — and later became known respectfully as 'Dai Je Ming'. A former artiste of RTV, TVB and ATV, she appeared frequently in variety programming and is one of the city's leading comperes. After recovering from mixed anxiety and depression in 2004 she founded the Joyful (Mental Health) Foundation and serves as its trustee, helping people living with mood disorders. 林建明1954年出世，係香港女演員、司儀兼社會工作者。佢出身邵氏電影公司第一期訓練班；1973年佢當選麗的電視沙灘小姐選舉冠軍，自此入行，行內人叫佢「沙姐明」，後期更被尊稱「大姐明」。佢先後效力麗的電視、無綫電視同亞洲電視，經常亮相香港綜藝節目，係本地金牌司儀之一。2004年，佢喺混合焦慮抑鬱症康復之後，創立心晴行動慈善基金並出任信託人，幫助社會上有情緒病嘅人。 ## 林坤山 / 1920s–1964. Born in Hong Kong in 1891, Lam Kwan-shan taught English at Wanchai School and Queen's College before giving up the classroom in 1926 for a full-time stage career. He formed the Yau Sing Lok troupe, won fame in comic roles, and performed alongside Ma Si-tsang in leading Cantonese opera companies, moving from leading man to clown as his voice changed. His screen debut was the silent film Crack (1934); he was a top Hong Kong film actor before the Pacific War, appearing in more than 120 films, and hosted a Cantonese opera radio programme from 1950 to 1962. He died of tuberculosis in 1964 aged 73. 林坤山1891年喺香港出世，自細鍾意戲劇，成日參加義演，最擅長演詼諧劇。佢起初喺皇仁書院同灣仔書院做英文教師，放學後就參加琳瑯話劇社演文明劇；1926年佢辭去教席，全心投入演藝，自組優聲樂劇團而一舉成名，之後亦參演新景象、大羅天等粵劇團，同馬師曾同台演出。佢起初演文武生，後來因為聲帶問題改做丑生。佢嘅銀幕處女作係默片《裂痕》（1934）；戰前佢係香港一線電影演員，一生參演超過一百二十齣電影，1950年起為香港電台主持粵曲節目，做到1962年。1964年佢因肺病喺廣華醫院病逝，享年73歲。 ## 林嶺東 / . Ringo Lam, born in 1955, trained at TVB before City on Fire (1987) won him the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Director with its raw, explosive police realism. School and Prison on Fire completed his 'On Fire' trilogy, a searing study of urban violence and institutional oppression that influenced filmmakers worldwide, including Tarantino. After a Hollywood stint in the 1990s he returned to Hong Kong. He died suddenly at home in December 2018, aged 63. 林嶺東1955年出世，TVB演員訓練班出身，1987年《龍虎風雲》以寫實火爆嘅警匪片贏得金像獎最佳導演，其後《監獄風雲》《學校風雲》組成「風雲三部曲」，刻畫都市暴力同制度壓迫，影響深遠。九十年代曾赴荷李活執導，其後返港持續創作。2018年12月佢喺家中突然離世，終年63歲，影壇同輩都痛惜呢位火爆而深情嘅導演。 ## 林子聰 / Lam Tze-chung 1995–present. Lam Tze-chung, born in 1976 and nicknamed Fatty Chung, is a Hong Kong film actor and director best known as the sixth brother with the floating kung fu step in Shaolin Soccer. He studied at a Shatin secondary school and began as a television writer, joining Television Broadcasts in 1995 to work mainly on variety programming. Stephen Chow spotted him and cast him in Shaolin Soccer, which made him a familiar face and one of Chow's regular collaborators; he went on to appear in numerous films, including comedies and the action hit Kung Fu Hustle. In 2006 he directed his first feature, financed by Andy Lau, which was nominated to represent Hong Kong at the 8th Udine Far East Film Festival. In late 2017 he appeared in an eight-part ViuTV reality series about modern parenting, and he served as a goodwill ambassador for a corporate service awards programme that year. He married his girlfriend of twelve years in September 2012 and their son was born in 2015. 林子聰1976年生，綽號「肥仔聰」，係香港電影演員及導演，最為人熟悉係電影《少林足球》中飾演六師弟「輕功水上飄」。佢曾就讀五旬節林漢光中學，原本係電視台編劇，1995年進入無綫電視任編劇，主力製作綜藝節目；其後佢獲喜劇巨星周星馳賞識，在《少林足球》中飾演六師弟而開始為人熟悉，成為周星馳班底主力之一。其後佢喺唔少電影作品都有亮相，包括《愛君如夢》、《老鼠愛上貓》、《三更之困電梯》同《功夫》等。2006年佢首次執導由劉德華投資嘅電影《得閒飲茶》，獲提名代表香港競逐第8屆意大利烏甸尼斯電影節；2017年11月佢出演ViuTV全新節目《超級奶爸》，一連八集以真人騷手法呈現現代父母經常遇到嘅子女行為問題，同年至2018年度微笑企業大獎頒獎典禮佢擔任微笑大使。2012年9月17日佢與拍拖12年、任職芭蕾舞導師嘅女友Christy結婚，2015年妻子誕下男嬰林奕滔。 ## 劉偉強 / . Andrew Lau, born in 1960, began as a cinematographer. The Young and Dangerous series (1996–) ignited a street-culture craze, and The Storm Riders (1998) pioneered computer-generated wuxia. Infernal Affairs (2002), his duel of moles with Alan Mak, revived Hong Kong cinema and swept the Hong Kong Film Awards including Best Director; Initial D and The Captain followed, making him one of the most sought-after commercial directors across the region. 劉偉強1960年出世，攝影師出身，九十年代執導《古惑仔》系列掀起街頭熱潮，1998年《風雲雄霸天下》首創電腦特技武俠。2002年《無間道》以雙雄對峙重振港產片聲威，橫掃金像獎包括最佳導演，其後《頭文字D》《建軍大業》到《中國機長》持續兩地發展，係中港影壇最搶手嘅商業導演之一。 ## 劉香萍 / Ankie Lau Heung-ping 1976–present. Ankie Lau Heung-ping, born in 1958, is a Hong Kong actress and producer who was an artiste at RTV (later Asia Television) and Television Broadcasts; her daughter is the model and actress Ankie Beilke. She grew up in Fuk Wah Village in Ngau Tau Kok, where her family ran a rattan furniture business, and studied at several Kowloon schools, heading seven student societies at one of them. In 1974 she joined Shaw Brothers' final acting course, alongside Simon Yam, and after leaving school in 1976 taught PE at a Kowloon City secondary school whose pupils included Waise Lee and Cecilia Yip; that same year she entered RTV's second acting course with Alex Man and others, and went straight into dramas such as the hit that made her name. She moved to Television Broadcasts in 1978. In the early 1980s she gave up acting to study in Düsseldorf and married there, appearing in more than 40 local productions, and in 1988 founded a multimedia film company that distributed many features. From 1993 to 2015 she served as an official representative of the Shanghai International Film Festival and has attended Berlin and Cannes. 劉香萍1958年生，係香港女演員兼製片家，曾任麗的電視（亞洲電視前身）及無綫電視女藝員，女兒為模特兒兼演員貝安琪。佢早年喺九龍牛頭角復華村成長，家人經營籐椅生意，就讀庇護十二學校、新蒲崗文理書院同慕光英文書院，曾擔任慕光七個學會嘅會長。1974年佢入讀邵氏電影最後一期藝員訓練班，同期同學有任達華等；1976年中學畢業後，佢曾喺九龍城模範英文中學教體育科（學生包括何家勁、葉童），同年入讀麗的電視第二期藝員訓練班（同期有萬梓良、柳影虹、林國雄、馬敏兒），隨即加入麗的演出《浪淘沙》、《電視人》、《大丈夫》、《小女人》等劇，憑《浪淘沙》廣為人知，1978年轉投無綫演出《網中人》、《情謎》。1980年代初佢放棄演藝事業，遠赴德國杜塞道夫Robert Schumann Hochschule求學並在當地結婚，誕下女兒貝安琪，期間拍攝當地40多部影視劇；1988年創立「劉氏國際影業多媒體公司」發行多部電影，1993至2015年獲邀成為上海國際電影節官方代表，亦參加過柏林同康城電影節。 ## 劉嘉豪 / . 劉嘉豪 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 劉嘉豪係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 劉克宣 / Lau Hak-suen 1930s–1983. Lau Hak-suen (1911–1983), known as Uncle Suen, was a Hong Kong film and television actor and Cantonese opera veteran. Born in Rong County, Guangxi, he received a university education and was a first-generation graduate of the Cantonese opera actors' school run by Guangzhou's Bahe Association, a classmate of Law Pin-chiu and Cheung Wood-yau. He was especially admired for his rendition of Ma Si-tsang's singing style and in the 1930s and 1940s played second martial roles in the troupes of Ma Si-tsang, Tam Lan-hing and Sit Kok-sin, and afterwards the clown role in touring red-boat companies. As Cantonese opera struggled after the Second World War he came to Hong Kong and joined Shaw Brothers, going freelance in the early 1960s to keep making Cantonese films; he appeared in more than five hundred pictures, mostly as a villain, and also directed several. He retired in 1970 as the Cantonese film industry declined, returned in 1978 with the television nostalgia boom at RTV — switching to heroic roles — and joined Television Broadcasts in 1980. He died in hospital on 24 January 1983. 劉克宣（1911–1983），人稱「宣叔」，字貴寧，係香港影視男演員及粵劇老倌。佢喺廣西鬱林容縣出生，曾受大學教育，係廣州八和會館「粵劇演員養成所」第一屆畢業生，與羅品超、黃鶴聲及張活游同班，尤其擅唱「馬師曾腔」，並於1930至40年代在馬師曾、譚蘭卿領導嘅「太平劇團」同薛覺先領導嘅「覺先聲劇團」擔任第二武生，畢業後為落鄉班（即紅船班）丑生。1945年第二次世界大戰結束後粵劇界發展不理想，佢於是來港加入邵氏電影公司，至1960年代初恢復自由身，繼續接拍粵語片，先後主演《天道人心》、《梁冷艷》、《孤星血淚》、《洛神》、《兒心碎母心》、《六月雪》等五百多部電影，多扮演反派而演技出眾。佢亦有從事導演工作，執導《六渡何仙姑》、《淒涼金葉菊》、《花落斷腸橋》等片，1970年因粵語片末落加上年事已高息影；1978年見電視界興起懷舊熱潮而復出，加盟麗的電視參演《新變色龍》並改演正派，1980年轉入無綫電視，參演《執到寶》、《四季情》、《無雙譜》等劇。1983年佢拍攝《天降財神》時因心臟病入院，最終於1月24日在廣華醫院病逝。 ## 劉鎮偉 / 1980s–present. Born in 1952, Jeffrey Lau studied art and design in Britain before entering film in 1980. His directing debut Where's Officer Tuba? (1987) was an instant hit, and the Stephen Chow vehicle All for the Winner (1990) took over HK$40 million and broke Hong Kong box-office records. Writing under the pen name Ki On, he crafted 92 Legendary La Rose Noire and the two A Chinese Odyssey films, fusing anarchic comedy with genuine melancholy. A shareholder in Wong Kar-wai's Jet Tone, he famously made The Eagle Shooting Heroes with the same cast to rescue the over-budget Ashes of Time. 劉鎮偉1952年出世，中三後去英國讀美術設計，回港先做廣告，1980年正式從影。1987年首部執導《猛鬼差館》一炮而紅，1990年周星馳主演嘅《賭聖》票房破四千萬港元，刷新港產片紀錄。佢以筆名「技安」寫劇本，《92黑玫瑰對黑玫瑰》同《西遊記第壹佰零壹回之月光寶盒》《西遊記大結局之仙履奇緣》將無厘頭同深情熔成一爐。佢係王家衛澤東電影公司嘅股東，當年王家衛拍《東邪西毒》超支，佢就用同一批演員趕出《東成西就》救場，成為影圈著名一役。 ## 劉家榮 / . 劉家榮 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 劉家榮係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 劉家良 / 1950s–2013. Born in 1936, Lau Kar-leung trained in Hung Gar from childhood — his father Lau Cham was a grand-disciple of Wong Fei-hung — and joined the industry as a stuntman in the 1950s, becoming Shaw Brothers' most celebrated martial-arts star and director. Insisting on real technique and hard-edged choreography, he turned southern-style training into iconic set pieces in films such as The Spiritual Boxer and The 36th Chamber of Shaolin. He received the Hong Kong Film Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2010 and died in 2013 aged 76. 劉家良1936年出世，父親劉湛係黃飛鴻徒孫，佢自細練洪拳，五十年代入電影圈做龍虎武師，後來成為邵氏最著名嘅武打明星兼導演。佢堅持真功夫、硬橋硬馬，執導《神打》《少林三十六房》等片，將南派武術嘅訓練過程拍成經典場面，奠定香港功夫片嘅風格基礎。2010年獲第29屆香港電影金像獎終身成就獎，2013年病逝，終年76歲。 ## 劉國昌 / . A Hong Kong realist director, his Lee Rock saga with Andy Lau (1991) opened the era of mob-biography blockbusters, while his landmark debut Gangs (1988) — shot with raw handheld camera among housing-estate delinquents — remains one of the most vital realist works of late-1980s Hong Kong cinema. 劉國昌係香港寫實派導演。1988年執導嘅《童黨》以手持攝影直擊公屋邊緣少年，凌厲真實，成為八十年代末香港電影最重要嘅寫實作品之一。1991年《五億探長雷洛傳》由劉德華演梟雄呂樂，開創港產人物傳記片熱潮。佢曾喺香港電台任職，作品持續關注社會底層同權力結構，被視為香港電影寫實傳統嘅重要傳承者。 ## 劉強富 / . 劉強富 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 劉強富係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 劉仕裕 / Lau Sze-yu 1975–2002. Lau Sze-yu, born in 1950, is a Hong Kong television producer and film director and a former producer in the drama division of Television Broadcasts. Born in Guangxi on the mainland, he swam to Hong Kong illegally in the 1970s at about twenty-five, having previously worked as an office clerk. He graduated from the fourth actor training class of Television Broadcasts in 1975, in the same cohort as Johnnie To, Wong Hang-sau, Lee Kwok-lun, Poon Ka-tak, Lai Shui-ching and Simon Yam. He began appearing in television dramas in the 1970s and from the middle of that decade worked as an actor, television director and producer, being a keen photographer himself; in the 1980s he became a director and was promoted to producer. When his contract expired in 2002 he shifted his focus to the mainland, and he has since emigrated. His productions include popular period and modern serials, and he helped launch the careers of a number of stars. 劉仕裕1950年生，係香港男性劇集監製和電影導演，前無綫電視戲劇組監製。佢在中國廣西出生，七十年代偷渡到香港，當時大約25歲；本來任職辦公室文書助理，1975年畢業於無綫電視藝員訓練班第四期後出道，同期同學有杜琪峯、黃杏秀、李國麟、潘嘉德、賴水清、任達華等。劉仕裕在1970年代開始參與《民間傳奇》、《獅子山下》等電視演出，1970年代中期起擔任演員、電視劇編導及監製，本身亦係攝影發燒友；1980年代正式成為編導，並晉升為監製。2002年佢約滿離開無綫電視，重心轉往中國大陸發展，現已移民外地。其監製作品包括《火玫瑰》、《聊齋》系列、《西遊記》系列、《封神榜》、《茶是故鄉濃》、《酒是故鄉醇》等，亦捧紅過溫碧霞、林家棟、佘詩曼、張衛健、江華、陳浩民等藝人。 ## 劉永 / . 劉永 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 劉永係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 劉偉恆 / . 劉偉恆 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 劉偉恆係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 劉浩良 / . 劉浩良 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 劉浩良係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 羅啟銳 / . With his partner Mabel Cheung, Alex Law was Hong Kong's finest chronicler of collective memory. Seven Little Fortunes (1988) honoured his own opera-school roots, while Echoes of the Rainbow (2010), drawn from his childhood on Sheung Wan's Wing Lee Street, moved audiences across the Chinese-speaking world and won the Crystal Bear at the Berlinale. He died of a heart attack in 2022, aged 69. 羅啟銳係香港影壇最擅長寫集體回憶嘅導演，同妻子張婉婷係著名創作組合。1988年佢執導《七小福》，向自己嘅戲曲訓練根源致敬；2010年嘅《歲月神偷》以自家童年經歷寫上環永利街一個四口之家嘅離合，感動兩岸三地，更奪得柏林影展新生代單元水晶熊獎。佢嘅電影細緻、克制、充滿人情味。2022年佢因心臟病離世，終年69歲。 ## 羅卓瑤 / Clara Law 1985–present. Clara Law, born in Macau in 1957 and a graduate of the University of Hong Kong, is a director, screenwriter and producer who now lives in Australia. She directed her first feature in 1985. Her 1988 romantic comedy starred Kam Kwok-leung, Tien Niu and Eric Tsang, followed in 1989 by a Golden Lotus adaptation, while Farewell China (1990) brought nominations for Best Film and Best Director at the 10th Hong Kong Film Awards and at the 27th Golden Horse Awards. Autumn Moon (1992) won the Golden Leopard at Locarno, Temptation of a Monk (1993) competed for the Golden Lion in Venice, Floating Life (1996) took Locarno's Silver Leopard and The Goddess of 1967 (2000) won Best Director at the Chicago film festival. In 2021 she won Best Director at the Golden Horse Awards for Drifting Petals, making her one of the few Hong Kong filmmakers honoured both in Europe and in the Chinese-language film world. 羅卓瑤1957年生於澳門，畢業於香港大學，係導演、編劇同製作人，現居澳洲。1985年佢執導首部電影，開展導演生涯；1988年嘅《我愛太空人》由甘國亮、恬妞、曾志偉主演，1989年拍《潘金蓮之前世今生》，1990年嘅《愛在別鄉的季節》入圍第十屆香港電影金像獎最佳影片同最佳導演，以及第二十七屆台灣金馬獎最佳影片同最佳導演。1991年佢拍《YES一族》；其後《秋月》（1992）奪得盧卡諾影展金豹獎，《誘僧》（1993）入圍威尼斯影展金獅獎，《浮生》（1996）得盧卡諾影展銀豹獎，2000年《尋找1967的女神》獲芝加哥影展最佳導演獎。2021年佢憑《花果飄零》奪得金馬獎最佳導演，係少數同時獲歐洲同華語影展肯定嘅香港導演。 ## 羅文 / . Roman Tam, born in 1945 and raised in Guangzhou, moved to Hong Kong in 1962 and worked as a tailor's apprentice and bank trainee before fronting the hotel-circuit band Roman & the Four Steps in the late 1960s. Television theme songs made him a legend: The Little Li Flying Dagger, and above all Below the Lion Rock, composed by Joseph Koo with lyrics by James Wong, which became the unofficial anthem of the Hong Kong spirit. Among the first male singers to stage solo concerts at the Hong Kong Coliseum, he was famed for his lavish stagecraft and devoted his later years to mentoring newcomers, including future star Joey Yung. He died of liver cancer on 18 October 2002, aged 57, mourned as the voice of Hong Kong's golden decades. 羅文1945年出世，廣州長大，1962年移居香港，由裁縫學徒、銀行見習員做起，六十年代末率「羅文四步合唱團」喺酒店夜總會駐唱嶄露頭角。七十年代以《小李飛刀》《獅子山下》等電視主題曲奠定歌壇地位，其中顧嘉煇作曲、黃霑填詞嘅《獅子山下》更成為香港精神嘅主題曲，傳唱至今。佢係首批喺紅館舉行個人演唱會嘅歌手之一，以華麗舞台設計著稱；晚期致力提攜後進，容祖兒等徒弟後來都成為樂壇接班人。2002年10月18日因肝癌病逝，終年57歲，市民同樂壇一同送別呢位歌聲見證香港歲月嘅殿堂級歌手。 ## 羅守耀 / . 羅守耀 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 羅守耀係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 羅永昌 / . A Hong Kong film and television director recorded in reference works on the city's cinema, Lo Wing-cheong grew up in a two-track ecosystem in which film and television techniques constantly crossed over and enriched each other. 羅永昌係香港影視導演，名字收錄於香港電影導演文獻。香港嘅戲劇創作長期喺電影同電視之間穿梭，令兩個媒介嘅技法互相滲透；佢係喺呢種雙軌生態中成長嘅創作人。 ## 李志毅 / . 李志毅 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 李志毅係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 李化 / 1930s–1970s. Born in 1909 to a Xinhui family, Lee Fa was a leading Cantonese-film director, screenwriter and producer, one of the 'Ten Great Directors' of Hong Kong's earliest cinema alongside Lee Tit and Woo Fung. He had worked in Shanghai film from 1931 and in 1938 brought a camera crew to Guangzhou to film Japanese bombing raids. In the 1960s he co-founded Omei Film Company, Hong Kong's first studio devoted to martial-arts pictures, bringing Jin Yong's The Legend of the Condor Heroes and Sword Stained with Royal Blood and Liang Yusheng's The Bride with White Hair to Cantonese screens — the first generation of such adaptations. He died in 1975 and was the father of political commentator Lee Yee. 李化1909年出世，祖籍廣東新會，別名林炎，係粵語片大導演、編劇同製片，同李鐵、胡鵬等屬香港電影初年「十大導」。佢1931年已喺上海從事電影業，1938年帶攝影隊到廣州拍攝日軍濫炸嘅情形。六十年代佢同邵柏年創辦峨嵋影片公司，係香港第一間專拍武俠片嘅公司，將金庸《射鵰英雄傳》《碧血劍》同梁羽生《白髮魔女傳》等改編成粵語片，係呢批名家小說電影化嘅第一代。1975年逝世，佢亦係政治評論家李怡嘅父親。 ## 李家榮 / . 李家榮 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 李家榮係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 李華月 / Julie Lee Wa-yuet 1990s. Julie Lee Wa-yuet, born in 1956 and originally named Choi Chung-lai, is a Hong Kong actress and singer active in the 1990s. She entered show business in 1990 with a supernatural erotic film and over the next few years appeared in a string of thrillers and Category III pictures, becoming one of the decade's best-known erotic film actresses. Her most talked-about scene, in a 1993 crime horror hit, saw her character raped and killed by the role played by Anthony Wong, who praised her as thoroughly professional for never complaining even when a beating scene made her vomit. In 1995 she made a notorious erotic film in which she served as co-investor, director, writer and star and cast the male lead herself, becoming the first person in Hong Kong to shoot genuinely explicit adult cinema; she brought in Golden Harvest executive Chua Lam as producer, and the release caused a sensation, prompting an all-nude photobook and turning her into a citywide talking point. She followed with a sequel in 1996 and later self-financed a debut album. 李華月1956年生，原名蔡忠麗，係香港女演員及歌手，活躍於1990年代。1990年佢進入演藝圈，首部拍攝作品係《聊齋艷譚》；數年間佢演出《貼身情人》、《血戀》、《滿清禁宮秘史》、《虐之戀》、《八仙飯店之人肉叉燒包》等電影，被譽為九十年代香港「三級片女星」代表之一，其中1993年《八仙飯店之人肉叉燒包》被黃秋生飾演角色先姦後殺嘅片段最為觸目，黃秋生亦讚揚佢係非常專業嘅演員，即使虐打鏡頭被打到嘔吐亦不吭一句。1995年佢決定作「終極一露」同「打真軍」演出話題作《血戀》，成為香港史上拍攝真實成人電影第一人，並邀得嘉禾高層蔡瀾擔任監製；佢身兼該片合資者、導演、編劇及主演，親自挑選男主角，最終另覓新演員陳偉狄演出。影片上映後轟動全港，佢乘勢推出全裸寫真集，一度成為全城熱議人物，並與另一艷星李莉莉「雙李」並駕齊驅。1996年佢再推出《血戀II》，其後自資推出首張個人專輯《攪攪震》。 ## 李公樂 / . A Hong Kong film director whose name appears in reference works on the city's cinema, Lee Kung-lok belongs to the community of working filmmakers who formed the base of the industry — the many unheralded directors whose films, together with its stars, built Hong Kong cinema's cultural reach. 李公樂係香港電影導演，見於香港電影導演嘅文獻。香港電影嘅普及文化影響力，唔單止來自巨星，仲有賴每一部由默默無聞嘅導演拍成嘅作品；佢屬於構成呢個產業基座嘅創作群體。 ## 李國輝 / . 李國輝 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 李國輝係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 李光耀 / . 李光耀 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 李光耀係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 李力持 / Lee Lik-chi 1982–present. Lee Lik-chi, born in 1961 and nicknamed Daai Lik, is a Hong Kong film director, screenwriter and actor from Shipai in Dongguan, Guangdong, who grew up in a public housing estate in To Kwa Wan. He finished primary school in Ho Man Tin in the 1970s, graduated from New Asia Middle School in 1978 as a member of its first cohort, completed his pre-university year there in 1979 and scored top grades in Chinese and mathematics in the school certificate examination. After working as a storekeeper he joined Asia Television in 1982 as an assistant director and later moved to Television Broadcasts as a director. His best-known television work there were two series starring Stephen Chow, and the success of that partnership brought offers from film companies. He went on to co-direct a long run of Chow's comedies — including a martial arts spoof, the Bond parody From Beijing with Love, a period comedy, a food comedy, a showbiz satire and Shaolin Soccer — forming one of the most successful partnerships in Hong Kong comedy. He and Chow stopped working together after Shaolin Soccer; Lee later moved to the mainland, where he teaches comedy filmmaking and nurtures behind-the-scenes talent. 李力持1961年生，暱稱「大力」，香港電影導演、編劇、演員，原籍廣東東莞石排鎮，小時候居住在九龍土瓜灣山谷道邨。佢係何文田海星學校第14屆畢業生，1978年畢業於新亞中學（該校第一屆校友），並於1979年在該校完成中六預科課程，曾於香港中學會考中文科和數學科取得A級成績。預科畢業後佢當過倉務員，其後在1982年加入香港亞洲電視任職助理編導，之後轉投無綫電視任編導；在無綫時嘅代表作有《蓋世豪俠》同《他來自江湖》，兩齣都由周星馳主演。因與周星馳嘅合作取得成功，李力持開始被電影公司招攬，夥拍周星馳拍攝大量電影，包括《破壞之王》、《國產零零漆》、《唐伯虎點秋香》、《食神》、《喜劇之王》、《少林足球》等，曾是喜劇界「黃金組合」。李力持自《少林足球》後便沒有再與周星馳合作。此後佢轉往中國內地發展，並執教喜劇電影課程，持續培育喜劇幕後人才。 ## 李修賢 / . Born in 1952, Danny Lee graduated from Shaw Brothers' actor training in the 1970s and defined the screen policeman for a generation. The Officer (1980) won him the Golden Horse Award for Best Actor, and his Li-Sir persona became shorthand for Hong Kong cop films. In 1988 he produced Final Justice, giving Stephen Chow his first major film role and a Golden Horse Best Supporting Actor award. 李修賢1952年出世，七十年代由邵氏演員訓練班出身，八十年代以警察角色奠定銀幕形象，《公僕》(1980)令佢榮膺金馬獎最佳男主角，此後「李SIR」成為港產警匪片最深入民心嘅代名詞。1988年佢監製《霹靂先鋒》提拔周星馳，令後者獲得金馬獎最佳男配角，成為星爺電影路上嘅重要伯樂。佢亦自導自演多部警匪作品，係香港影壇「警察專業戶」嘅開山人物。 ## 李兆熊 / Lee Siu-hung 1960s–1990s. Born in 1940, Lee Siu-hung was a producer and head of drama at Hong Kong's RTV. From a performing family, he began as a child actor in 1948 and turned to screenwriting in the 1960s, collaborating with his director father Lee Sun-fung on literary adaptations. He joined RTV in 1973 and was promoted to producer in July 1977 alongside Mak Tong-hung and others; his serials The Chameleon, Gone with the Wind and Fatherland were classics of the era that briefly beat TVB in the ratings. Known for ethical dramas that captured a changing society, he was ranked with Mak Tong-hung and To Yung-hung as the 'Three Heroes of RTV'. 李兆熊1940年出世，係前香港麗的電視劇集監製同戲劇製作總監。佢出身演戲世家，1948年已投身影壇做童星，1960年代起轉任編劇，同父親李晨風一導一編，拍出唔少文藝改編佳作。1973年加入麗的電視，1977年7月同梁天、張清、麥當雄、屠用雄、鄒世孝、張之珏一同升任監製，其監製嘅《變色龍》《浮生六劫》《大地恩情》都係當時經典，曾經一度擊敗無綫。佢擅長拍攝倫理兼反映大時代變遷嘅劇集，與麥當雄、屠用雄並稱「麗的三雄」。 ## 李兆基 / Keith Lee Siu-kei 1980s–2015. Keith Lee Siu-kei (1949–2019) was born in Shunde, Guangdong, and died of liver cancer at Queen Elizabeth Hospital on 2 June 2019, aged 69. Known as 'Ko Fei' and 'Kei Gor', he belonged in his youth to the Tsz Wan Shan gang 'Thirteen Tai Po' and had a drug problem before turning his life around. Invited into films by director Ringo Lam in the 1980s, he also worked behind the scenes at TVB and appeared in its dramas. His grass-roots looks and gangland background led to roles as small-time hoods and blustering toughs; he is best remembered as the fence-sitting 'Chui Shui Kei' in the Young and Dangerous series, and he appeared in Stephen Chow comedies including God of Cookery and The Lucky Guy. With Wong Kwong-leung, Shing Fui-on and Ho Ka-kui he was counted one of the 'Four Great Villains' of Hong Kong cinema. He also ran a film investment company as producer and writer; after suffering strokes from around 2015 he was diagnosed with liver cancer in 2018. 李兆基1949年生於廣東順德，2019年6月喺伊利沙伯醫院病逝，終年六十九歲。佢外號「高飛」、「基哥」，後生時係童黨組織「慈雲山十三太保」成員，仲有過吸毒紀錄，戒毒之後重投社會。1980年代佢獲導演林嶺東邀請演出電影，自此加入影圈，亦曾喺無綫電視做幕後同參與劇集演出。因為草根外形同江湖背景，佢多數演黑幫小頭目或者有勇無謀嘅角色，最為人熟悉係《古惑仔》電影系列入面嘅牆頭草「吹水基」；佢又演過周星馳嘅《食神》、《算死草》、《行運一條龍》，同黃光亮、成奎安、何家駒並稱「香港影圈四大惡人」。除咗演戲，佢亦係電影投資公司負責人，做過監製同編劇；2015年前後因中風減少露面，2018年確診肝癌。 ## 李兆華 / Lee Siu-wa 1970s–2000s. Lee Siu-wa joined RTV as an assistant director in the mid-1970s and was promoted to director in 1978, working on serials including The Chameleon, Gone with the Wind, Fatherland and The Legend of the Hero Huo Yuanjia — rising from assistant director to producer in just four years, his first production being Ma Yongzhen. He directed his first feature, Mad Blood, in 1983, moved to TVB as a producer in 1989, produced for Wing Shing Video from 1992, and from 1994 worked as producer-director of television drama in mainland China. 李兆華1970年代中期加入麗的電視做助理編導，1978年升為編導；《浮生六劫》、《大俠霍元甲》、《變色龍》、《新變色龍》、《四口之家》同《大地恩情》等都係佢呢個時期嘅作品。佢只花四年就由助理編導升到監製，第一部監製作品係《馬永貞》。1983年首次執導電影《瘋血》；1989年轉投無綫電視擔任監製；1992年加入永盛音像企業任監製；1994年開始喺內地監製同執導電視劇。 ## 李晨風 / . 李晨風 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 李晨風係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 李添勝 / Lee Tim-sing 1967–2016. Lee Tim-sing, born in 1948 and known to the trade as 'Tim Gor', is a Hong Kong television producer and actor. He grew up in Chai Wan, in the Valley Road squatter area in Hung Hom, in a temporary housing area in San Po Kong and in Wang Tau Hom resettlement estate, the son of a Kowloon Hospital cook and of a mother from the Tang clan of Yuen Long, and took to broadcasting as a boy listening to Rediffusion. He joined TVB's artiste and drama division in 1967, moved from acting into directing, and made his first series as producer — an eighty-episode drama — before producing long-running contemporary series and, from the 1990s, Jin Yong adaptations such as The Smiling, Proud Wanderer and The Duke of Mount Deer. In the 2000s he specialised in period and Republican-era drama, including the Rosy Business series, and produced close to sixty series in all. He planned to retire when his contract ended in 2012 but was persuaded to stay on a one-series-a-year basis until 2016. 李添勝1948年出世，人稱「添哥」，係香港電視劇監製同演員。佢童年在柴灣、紅磡山谷道木屋區、新蒲崗臨時房屋區同橫頭磡徙置區長大，父親係九龍醫院廚師，母親係元朗鄧氏家族後人；佢自小收聽麗的呼聲而對廣播產生興趣，小學三年級起學習古文。1967年佢加入無綫電視演員及戲劇組，由演員轉任編導，坐正監製後第一部作品係八十集長劇《天虹》，其後監製時裝長篇劇《網中人》、《親情》，1990年代起開拍金庸原著《笑傲江湖》、《鹿鼎記》等；2000年代佢擅長民初同古裝劇，作品包括《碧血鹽梟》、《巾幗梟雄》系列、《鐵馬尋橋》同《神探高倫布》。佢先後監製接近六十部劇集，原本打算2012年底約滿退休，但獲無綫挽留，以一年一劇方式合作，直到2016年正式退休。 ## 李鐵 / . Born in 1913 in Zhongshan, Guangdong, Tit Lee was a pillar of Cantonese cinema's golden age, directing more than seventy films. A core member of the Chung Lian studio, he filmed the beloved opera classic The Purple Hairpin (1959) starring Yam Kim-fai and Bak Sheut-sin. He is honoured with a plaque on Hong Kong's Avenue of Stars. He died in 1996. 李鐵1913年出世，廣東中山人，係粵語片黃金時代嘅中堅導演，一生執導七十多部電影。佢係中聯影業嘅核心成員，1959年執導任劍輝、白雪仙主演嘅《紫釵記》，將唐滌生嘅戲曲文本搬上銀幕，成為粵劇電影經典。佢亦係香港星光大道上有掌印嘅先驅影人之一，1996年逝世。 ## 李惠民 / . 李惠民 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 李惠民係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 李仁港 / Daniel Lee Yan-kong 1984–present. Daniel Lee Yan-kong, born in Hong Kong in 1960 and raised in Diamond Hill, is a film director, screenwriter and production designer best known for films including a 2000 boxing drama and a 2008 historical epic. He began studying Chinese painting and calligraphy at ten under the painter Fan Zideng, also trained in judo and placed third in an inter-school contest in his second year of secondary school. Graduating from the University of Windsor in Canada in 1984 with a major in mass communication and a minor in art, he returned to Hong Kong the same year to join Asia Television as an assistant director, quickly rising to director with his first series starring Moon Lee. In 1986 he left the station to serve as assistant director on Ann Hui's martial arts epic and worked as an art director on other films. Joining Television Broadcasts in 1992, he made his name with martial arts serials, one of which won a television production award from the New York Film Festival. After remaking Chang Cheh's one-armed swordsman story in 1994 he was praised by Chang as the most important new martial arts director, and Tsui Hark invited him to direct a Jet Li action film. Later hits included two costume epics and a 2016 tomb-raiding adventure that grossed a billion yuan on the mainland. 李仁港1960年生於香港，於鑽石山長大，係香港電影導演、編劇及美術指導，曾執導《阿虎》、《三國之見龍卸甲》等影片。佢10歲起隨國畫家范子登學習國畫及書法，小學時亦學柔道，更在中二時得過學界季軍。1984年佢畢業於加拿大溫莎大學，主修大眾傳播、副修藝術；同年回港加入亞洲電視成為助理編導，很快便升任導演，第一齣執導嘅劇集係李賽鳳主演嘅《魅力九龍塘》。1986年李仁港離開亞視，替許鞍華嘅《書劍恩仇錄》當副導演，又當過其他電影嘅美術指導。1992年佢加入無綫電視，以武俠劇成名，並憑作品《九陰真經》獲得紐約電影節頒發嘅電視製作獎。1994年翻拍張徹《獨臂刀》後，獲張徹讚賞為「新一代最重要的武俠電影導演」，徐克亦賞識其作品，邀請佢拍攝《黑俠》，由李連杰及劉青雲主演。2008年佢與領匯合作組織書法班，免費教授低收入家庭兒童；2010年及2011年佢拍咗《錦衣衛》及《鴻門宴》，贏得票房和好評；2016年執導嘅《盜墓筆記》在中國大陸取得10億元人民幣票房。 ## 李元科 / Lee Yuen-for late 1970s–present. Lee Yuen-for, born in 1953, is a Hong Kong director and television drama producer who has worked for RTV, Television Broadcasts and Asia Television, and now makes most of his productions on the mainland; he is also a council member of the China Television Artists Association. He grew up near Sai Yeung Choi Street in Kowloon and, out of curiosity, served as an auxiliary policeman from 1973 to 1975. He entered television in the late 1970s as an assistant director at RTV, was promoted to director in 1979 and to producer in 1983, working for a time with lyricist and director Poon Yuen-leung. Between 1983 and 1984 he also shot films for Shaw Brothers and returned to Asia Television with producer Lee Siu-hung in January 1984; as early as 1982 he had directed his first feature at the invitation of actor Lau Chi-wing. After receiving notice from ATV in February 1990 he joined Macau Television that July and moved to Television Broadcasts in 1992. His series are mostly action dramas, though his two features are both quiet, literary films, and since 2000 he has shot dramas on the mainland. 李元科1953年生，係香港導演及電視劇集監製，先後服務麗的電視、無綫電視同亞洲電視，現時多轉往大陸拍攝影視作品，同時係中國電視藝術家協會理事、中國作家協會會員。佢早年喺九龍西洋菜街附近成長，1973至1975年因貪玩入職香港輔助警察隊當輔警（編號A4755）。1970年代末佢加入電視業界，在麗的電視任助理編導，1979年升任編導，1983年升任監製；服務麗的期間曾與潘源良共事。1983至1984年佢同時出外為邵氏兄弟拍攝電影，1984年1月隨李兆熊回歸亞洲電視；早於1982年佢已應劉志榮邀請執導個人首部電影《女人檔案》。1990年2月佢接到亞視解僱信，同年7月加入澳門廣播電視，1992年約滿轉投無綫電視。無論在亞視或無綫，佢監製嘅劇集都以動作劇居多，但《女人檔案》同1999年嘅《車站》都係文藝片；2000年起佢回中國內地拍攝電視劇。 ## 李子俊 / . Jonathan Li Tsz-chun, born in Hong Kong in 1979, rose from production assistant on July Rhapsody through years of assistant-directing for Jingle Ma, Soi Cheang and the Mak-Lo pair, becoming the first president of Hong Kong's assistant directors' association in 2017. His debut The Brink (2018) earned an HKFA Best New Director nomination, and he has twice won the Hong Kong Film Critics Society Best Director award — for The Eighth Suspect (2023) and The Private Detective — marking him as the new generation of Hong Kong crime cinema. 李子俊1979年生於香港，由《男人四十》製作助理做起，追隨馬楚成、鄭保瑞、麥兆輝、莊文強等導演多年，2017年獲選香港電影副導演會首屆會長。同年以《狂獸》出道，其後憑《第八個嫌疑人》同《私家偵探》兩奪香港電影評論學會大獎最佳導演，成為香港犯罪片新一代接班人。 ## 李思捷 / Johnson Lee Sze-jit 1998–present. Johnson Lee Sze-jit, born in 1974, is a Hong Kong actor and television host. Educated in Sham Shui Po, he emigrated with his family to Mississauga at ten, graduated in fine art from the University of Toronto and then studied directing and computer animation in the United States. In 1998 he returned to Hong Kong without telling his parents and joined a training course run by Commercial Radio to promote Stephen Chow's King of Comedy, finishing among the top five of more than a hundred students; his first screen role was a bit-part director in that film. He joined Television Broadcasts in 2002 and made his name in a 2003 comedy serial, following it with a widely discussed role in a 2008 drama; he also formed a hugely popular comedy trio with two other performers. Trained in film, he wrote, directed and starred in an independent feature in 2008, won best male host at the 2021 TVB awards, and took the Asian championship for best entertainment host in 2022. 李思捷1974年生，香港演員兼電視節目主持。佢早年就讀深水埗聖方濟各英文小學，十歲隨家人移民加拿大密西沙加，喺多倫多大學美術系學士畢業後赴美攻讀導演及電腦動畫課程。1998年佢瞞住雙親回港，參加商業電台為周星馳電影《喜劇之王》宣傳而辦嘅「喜劇之王訓練班」，喺百多名學員中入選最優秀前五名，出道作就係喺《喜劇之王》飾演導演茄喱啡。2002年加入無綫電視，2003年《美麗在望》飾「鄔狗狗」奠定基礎，2008年《原來愛上賊》嘅BT令觀眾印象深刻；佢亦與阮兆祥、王祖藍組成「福祿壽」大受歡迎。學電影出身嘅佢2008年自導自演獨立電影《金國民》，2021年主持《思家大戰》獲萬千星輝最佳男主持，2022年奪亞洲影藝創意大獎最佳娛樂主持亞洲冠軍。 ## 梁普智 / Leong Po-chih 1976–present. Leong Po-chih, born in Northampton, England in 1939, is a British Hong Kong director and one of the leading figures of the Hong Kong New Wave. He studied philosophy at Exeter and film at the London Film School, then spent two years as a trainee film editor at the BBC, working on programmes such as Panorama. He came to Hong Kong in 1967 to join the newly launched Television Broadcasts as a director and trainer, and in 1969 co-founded an advertising production house whose commercials for airlines and others won awards in the United States. His 1976 directorial debut, co-directed with Josephine Siao, used location shooting and documentary detail to reshape the Hong Kong crime film, finished second at the box office and is seen as a forerunner of the New Wave. Later films ranged from action and satire to horror and drama; his 1984 drama made Chow Yun-fat a star and won him the Golden Horse and Asia-Pacific best actor awards. He directed a British film for Channel 4 in 1986 and an English-language feature shot in Shanghai in 1991. 梁普智1939年生於英國諾咸頓，英國籍香港導演，係香港電影新浪潮代表人物之一。佢先後喺艾克斯特大學修讀哲學、倫敦電影學院進修電影，畢業後加入英國廣播公司任見習剪接師兩年，協助製作《廣角鏡》等節目。1967年佢來港加入剛開台嘅無綫電視任編導並培訓人才，1969年與攝影師何東尼合辦廣藝廣告製作公司，為國泰航空等拍攝嘅廣告屢獲美國獎項。1976年佢與蕭芳芳合導處女作《跳灰》，以實景同現場感開創香港警匪片新貌，成為該年票房亞軍，被視為新浪潮先聲。其後作品有《狐蝠》、《龍咁威》、《夜驚魂》、《英倫琵琶》、《等待黎明》、《生死線》等，1984年《等待黎明》令周潤發奪金馬獎及亞太影展最佳男主角；1986年佢為英國第四頻道執導《Ping Pong》，1991年拍英語片《上海1920》。 ## 梁鴻華 / Tony Leung Hung-wah 1977–present. Tony Leung Hung-wah, born in 1957, is a Hong Kong screenwriter, producer and director and a former Television Broadcasts actor. His family was wealthy in his early childhood — his father chaired a major local chamber of commerce — before a decline caused by his father's generosity and misplaced trust. Encouraged by his siblings, who noticed him imitating stars, he was signed as a child actor and hosted a children's programme until secondary three. After school at two Kowloon institutions he joined the station's sixth acting course in 1976, graduating in 1977 alongside Idy Chan, Liu Wai-hung and Ray Lui; over the next decade he played supporting roles, wrote scripts and worked as an announcer. He began writing screenplays around 1986 and in 1989 joined D&B Films, founded by Sammo Hung and John Shum, as planner and writer. In 1992 he opened his own production company, whose first film as producer-writer earned its lead actress Sammi Cheng a best newcomer nomination, and a later film brought him a most creative producer nomination. In 2006 he set up a charity that trains new actors while continuing distribution and production work. 梁鴻華1957年生，香港電影編劇、監製同導演，前無綫電視演員。佢小時候家境富裕，父親係本地大型商會理事會會長，後來因父親疏爽兼誤信友人而家道中落；兄姊見佢常模仿明星演出，推介佢向無綫報名做童星，面試人為孫郁標，其後擔任兒童節目《跳飛機》主持至中三。佢就讀天主教新民書院（初中）同尖沙咀格致書院，1976年投考第6期無綫電視藝員訓練班（面試人周梁淑怡），1977年畢業，同屆同學有陳玉蓮、廖安麗、廖偉雄、呂良偉等；往後十年佢參演劇集充當配角，並多次參與電影編劇，亦當過《近代豪俠傳》嘅報幕員。1986年左右佢開始寫劇本，1989年被招攬到洪金寶、岑建勳創立嘅德寶電影公司任策劃及編劇。1992年佢籌備已久嘅嘉利電影公司開張，首部自組公司監製兼編劇嘅《飛虎精英之人間有情》令女主角鄭秀文獲提名最佳新人獎，其後《新房客》為佢帶來最具創意監製獎提名。2006年佢成立慈善機構「新生命動力協會」培訓新演員，並多做發行同製作工作。 ## 梁家仁 / Bryan Leung Kar-yan 1970s–present. Born in 1948, Bryan Leung Kar-yan is a Hong Kong actor, director and screenwriter who debuted in the 1970s and appeared in many martial-arts films and series, becoming famous for playing Qiao Feng in the 1982 television adaptation of Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils. Beyond cold-blooded swordsmen, from 1990 he worked with Stephen Chow starting with All for the Winners and took comic roles in many of Chow's later films. He applied for residency in Taiwan in 1985 and is a member of the Hong Kong Celebrity Soccer Team. His nephew is TVB artiste Leung Lit-wai. 1948年出世，梁家仁身兼香港男演員、編劇同導演，1970年代出道，拍過好多武打影視作品；1982年佢喺《天龍八部》飾演喬峰，因而廣為人知。除咗做冷酷俠客，佢喺1990年代開始同周星馳合作，首部係《一本漫畫闖天涯》，之後亦演過唔少諧趣角色。1985年佢申請入籍台灣，成為中華民國臺灣地區居民，同時係香港明星足球隊成員，侄子係無綫藝人梁烈唯。 ## 梁家樹 / . 梁家樹 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 梁家樹係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 良鳴 / . Leung Ming (1923–1990), born Leung Ming in Hong Kong, toured wartime China with the China Art Union drama troupe and was acclaimed as Patrolman 369 in the 1964 stage hit The House of 72 Tenants. Adam Cheng's drama mentor, he later played Ko Kau-tak in RTHK's Below the Lion Rock and 'Uncle Chan' in A Better Tomorrow. He died of leukaemia in 1990, and RTHK immediately rebroadcast his Lion Rock episodes in tribute. 良鳴（1923–1990）原名梁鳴，香港出生，抗戰期間跟隨中國藝聯劇團赴桂林參加「西南八省劇展」，戰後投身電影話劇雙線發展，1964年在《七十二家房客》飾演巡警三六九大獲好評。佢係鄭少秋嘅戲劇啟蒙老師，晚年喺港台《獅子山下》飾演高就德、在《英雄本色》飾演陳伯，係香港影視三代嘅幕後推手同銀幕良心。1990年因血癌病逝，港台隨即重播其《獅子山下》作品以誌紀念。 ## 梁碧芝 / . 梁碧芝 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 梁碧芝係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 梁少坡 / . 梁少坡 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 梁少坡係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 李翰祥 / . Li Han-hsiang, born in 1926, pioneered the Huangmei-opera film at the Shaw Brothers: The Love Eterne (1963) caused a sensation in Taiwan. Alternating between Hong Kong and Taiwan, he revived his career with The Warlord (1972), and in the 1980s moved to Beijing for the imperial epics Burning of the Imperial Palace and Reign Behind a Curtain, unmatched in their historical reconstruction. He died suddenly in Beijing in December 1996, aged 70, while preparing a new series. 李翰祥1926年出世，六十年代喺邵氏開創黃梅調電影，《貂蟬》《江山美人》風靡一時，1963年《梁山伯與祝英台》喺台灣掀起瘋狂熱潮。其後往來港台，七十年代以《大軍閥》重振事業，八十年代北上拍《火燒圓明園》《垂簾聽政》，還原歷史場面嘅功力無人能及。1996年12月佢喺北京拍攝期間突然離世，終年70歲。 ## 李萍倩 / . A veteran director of the Great Wall studio and the trusted filmmaker of star Xia Meng, he helmed works including Beauty of the Nation (1953). Directing since his Shanghai years, he shaped Great Wall's dignified, refined style with his steady, delicate craftsmanship. 李萍倩係長城影業嘅資深導演，五十至六十年代長期擔任該公司嘅創作主力，亦係當家花旦夏夢嘅御用導演，執導過《絕代佳人》等多部作品。佢由上海時期已經執導，來港後以穩健細膩嘅文藝手法，塑造咗長城電影端莊大方嘅風格。 ## 李影 / . 李影 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 李影係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 梁哲夫 / Leung Chit-fu 1950–1982. Leung Chit-fu (1920–1992) was born in Taishan, Guangdong. He studied painting and calligraphy from 1930 and attended the Guangzhou municipal art academy, teaching art in secondary school during the war years and graduating from a senior police officers' course; after the war he served as a police inspector, then moved to Hainan's mining bureau, where he handled administration and also directed for its affiliated troupe. He came to Hong Kong in 1950, painting cinema billboards, and became interested in film through contacts in the Cantonese film world, working first as script supervisor, writer and assistant director; in 1958 he co-directed his first Cantonese drama with his cousin Leung Lok-yam. He settled in Taiwan from 1957, working across Cantonese, Hokkien and Mandarin productions and mostly directing Hokkien films, and joined a Taipei studio in 1963 for about a decade. From 1969 he concentrated on Mandarin films, winning a special Golden Horse award in 1970 and a best-screenplay nomination at the 1971 Asia-Pacific Film Festival, and he returned to Hong Kong to direct a Cantonese film the same year. After his last feature in 1982 he went to the United States for treatment and died in Taipei on 7 September 1992, aged 71. 梁哲夫（1920–1992），廣東台山人。佢1930年起學習書畫，1931至1950年間入讀廣州市立美專，戰時曾於中學教授美術，並畢業於中央警官學校甲級警官班第一期；抗戰勝利後曾任警察局督察長，後轉往海南礦業局做行政工作，兼管附屬劇團並兼任導演。1950年佢遠赴香港，為電影繪製廣告看板，因與粵語片圈中人來往而對電影產生興趣，先做場記、編劇同副導演，1958年與堂兄梁樂音合導首部粵語黑白文藝劇情片《苦海鴛鴦》。1957年佢隨梁樂音轉往台灣定居，作品橫跨粵語、台語同國語片，多執導台語片，1963年加入台聯影業公司與賴國材合作約十年。1969年後以國語片為主，《重慶一號》奪第8屆金馬獎發揚民族精神特別獎，1971年《尋母十七年》獲第17屆亞太影展最佳編劇提名，同年回港執導《特警勇戰黃金豹》。1982年執導《地藏王》後因病赴美療養，1992年9月7日病逝台北，享年71歲。 ## 梁國斌 / . 梁國斌 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 梁國斌係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 梁成致 / . 梁成致 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 梁成致係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 梁嘉銘 / . 梁嘉銘 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 梁嘉銘係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 林翠 / . Lin Cui was a popular film star of the 1950s-60s and the younger sister of actor Kenneth Tsang. Known for her delicate screen presence in Mandarin films, she married kung-fu superstar Jimmy Wang Yu in the 1960s; their daughter is the singer Linda Wong. Her career traced the golden age and transition of Mandarin cinema. 林翠係五六十年代著名女星，亦係影星曾江嘅胞妹。佢年輕時以清麗形象走紅，演出多部國語片，六十年代嫁給武打巨星王羽，婚後誕下歌手王馨平，一家三代都喺演藝圈各領風騷。佢嘅銀幕生涯見證咗國語片由全盛到轉型，九十年代離世，家族故事至今仍為影迷津津樂道。 ## 林子穎 / Nora Lam Tze-wing 2010s–present. Born in 1995 and educated at St. Paul's Convent School, Nora Lam Tze-wing studied comparative literature and French at the University of Hong Kong and is a Hong Kong film director. While a student she reported for the HKU Students' Union campus television; her 19-minute documentary about the Umbrella Movement, released in November 2014, was shortlisted in the open category of the 21st ifva Awards. Her second Umbrella Movement film, 76 minutes long, was invited to the Hong Kong Independent Film Festival. In November 2017 she directed her first feature documentary, centred on her university classmate, politician Leung Tin-kei. 1995年出世嘅林子穎，係香港電影導演。佢喺傳統女校聖保祿中學長大，之後入讀香港大學，喺文學院主修比較文學同法文。2013年考入港大期間，佢參加香港大學學生會校園電視，負責新聞採訪；2014年11月佢執導咗十九分鐘嘅雨傘運動題材紀錄片《旺角黑夜》，並入圍第二十一屆ifva比賽公開組。2016年佢再拍同類題材嘅《未竟之路》，片長七十六分鐘，獲香港獨立電影節邀請放映。2017年11月，佢第一齣紀錄長片《地厚天高》面世，拍攝對象係港大同學、政治人物梁天琦。 ## 林超榮 / Lam Chiu-wing 1980s–2023. Lam Chiu-wing (1961–2023), nicknamed Superman, was a Hong Kong MC, broadcaster, media worker and television and film scriptwriter known for his wit. Raised in a resettlement estate in Kwai Chung, he graduated from Hong Kong Baptist College in 1986 and was mentored by the creator Lai Man-cheuk. In the early 1990s he took over hosting and script-editing a hit Asia Television comedy show, was promoted to producer and creative consultant, and script-edited a long drama serial; he went on to write for Television Broadcasts and for films. For many years he wrote for Commercial Radio's long-running radio drama and was a veteran presenter of Radio Television Hong Kong's Headliner, hosting a daily RTHK programme from 2007 and teaching part-time at Baptist University's film academy. He was president of the Hong Kong Screenwriters' Guild from 2013 to 2017 and directed his first feature in 2016. He died of acute leukaemia on 12 December 2023, aged 61. 林超榮（1961–2023），暱稱「超人」，香港司儀、主持、傳媒工作者、電視及電影編劇，以風趣幽默見稱。佢喺葵涌徙置大廈長大，1986年取得香港浸會學院中文系榮譽文憑，師承創作人黎文卓，係香港電影評論學會會員。1990年代初佢接替曾志偉主持及編審亞洲電視《開心主流派》一炮而紅，獲升為監製及創作顧問，並任長劇《難兄難弟1991》編審；其後任無綫電視及電影編劇，作品有《明月照尖東》、《嚦咕嚦咕對對碰》、《醒獅》等。佢長年以「超人」身分為商業電台《十八樓C座》編劇，並為香港電台《頭條新聞》元老級主持，2007年起主持《開心日報》，亦在浸會大學電影學院兼職講師。2013至2017年出任香港電影編劇家協會會長，2016年首次執導電影《江湖悲劇》。2023年12月12日因急性血癌在瑪嘉烈醫院病逝，享年61歲。 ## 凌雲 / . 凌雲 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 凌雲係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 劉芳剛 / . A Hong Kong film and television director recorded in specialist reference works, Lau Fong-kong's career is a footnote to the meeting of migrants and locals that shaped Hong Kong cinema's talent pool across generations. 劉芳剛係香港影視導演，名字被收錄於香港電影導演嘅專門文獻。由戰後南來影人再到本地培育嘅新一代，香港電影嘅人才結構一直係移民同本土嘅交匯；佢嘅創作生涯係呢種交匯嘅一個註釋。 ## 劉家輝 / . 劉家輝 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 劉家輝係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 劉晶 / . 劉晶 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 劉晶係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 劉瓊 / . 劉瓊 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 劉瓊係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 廖偉雄 / Liu Wai-hung 1979–present. Liu Wai-hung, born Liu Man-hung in 1957, is a Hong Kong actor and television host. He grew up in a squatter area in Kowloon Tsai and in Shek Yam Estate, Kwai Chung, and in Form 3 used his summer-job pay to buy a Super 8 camera and shoot a kung-fu short for the Urban Council's experimental film competition, which began a lasting interest in production. He shot to fame in 1979 as 'Ah Chan' in the TVB series The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, a role whose nickname became a byword for mainland immigrants. With Lan Nai-tsai, Kent Cheng, Danny Lee and Ray Lui he formed the Qunxiong production company, joined Yong Jia Film as an assistant director in 1983 and directed his first feature in 1984. His variety show with David Wu, Laughter Saves the Earth, was a household name; from the 1990s he moved into business, ran food ventures in Malaysia and has farmed in recent years. 廖偉雄1957年出世，原名廖晚雄，係香港演員同節目主持。佢喺九龍仔木屋區同葵青石蔭邨長大，讀石蔭慈幼學校同天主教南華中學；中三時用暑期工賺到嘅錢買咗一部超八米厘相機，跟同學拍以功夫為題嘅短片參加市政局實驗電影比賽，自此喜歡埋電影幕後製作。1979年佢憑電視劇《網中人》嘅「阿燦」一角爆紅，呢個角色後來更成為香港人對新移民嘅俗稱。走紅之後佢同藍乃才、鄭則仕、李修賢、呂良偉等人合組「群雄」製作公司，1983年加入永佳電影公司做副導演，1984年首次執導《吉人天相》（1985年上映）。佢同胡大為主持嘅綜藝節目《笑聲救地球》深入民心，1990年代起轉而從商，曾去馬來西亞發展飲食業，近年以務農為業。 ## 羅臻 / . 羅臻 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 羅臻係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 羅志良 / . A Hong Kong director active since the 1990s, he directed Insomnia (2002) starring Leslie Cheung, a psychological thriller that won him the 22nd HKFA Best New Director award and became Leslie Cheung's final completed film. The Bullet Vanishes (2012), his Republican-era mystery about science versus superstition, earned multiple award nominations. 羅志良係九十年代起活躍嘅香港導演，早年喺幕後累積經驗，2002年執導張國榮主演嘅《異度空間》，以心理驚悚寫精神困擾，令佢奪得第22屆香港電影金像獎新晉導演，該片亦成為張國榮最後一部完成嘅電影。2012年佢執導《消失的子彈》，以民初懸疑寫科學同迷信嘅角力，獲得多個獎項提名，係近年少數成功融合類型同作者性嘅香港導演。 ## 盧旳明 / . 盧旳明 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 盧旳明係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 盧敦 / Lo Duen 1930s–1990s. Born in Guangzhou in 1911 to a Xinhui family, Lo Duen was a leading Hong Kong actor, screenwriter, director and producer. He formed a theatre troupe in Guangzhou, became a film actor in 1932 and settled in Hong Kong in 1936, appearing in more than 120 films and later in television during the 1970s and 80s. In 1987 he co-founded the non-profit Hong Kong Film and Television Theatre Troupe with colleagues including Ng Wui. He received the Golden Bauhinia Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1998 and died in 2000 aged 90. 盧敦1911年喺廣州出世，籍貫廣東新會，係香港著名演員、編劇、導演兼製片人。佢早年喺廣州組織話劇團，1932年開始拍電影，1936年喺香港定居；一生演出過一百二十部以上電影，七八十年代亦有份演電視劇。1987年佢聯同吳回、姜中平、朱克、查良景等人合辦非牟利嘅業餘劇團「香港影視劇團」。1998年獲頒香港電影金紫荊獎嘅終身成就獎；2000年佢喺廣華醫院逝世，享壽90歲。 ## 勞劍華 / . 勞劍華 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 勞劍華係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 羅傑承 / Steven Lo Kit-sing 1990s–present. Steven Lo Kit-sing, born in Macau in 1959 to a Meixian family and a grand-nephew of Vitasoy founder Lo Kwee-seong, is a Hong Kong and Macau entrepreneur, founder and chairman of the Bomei investment group, with interests in property, entertainment, food and sport. After finishing school in 1977 he moved to Hong Kong, and in the early 1990s co-founded the film company Newport with Raymond Wong. Football is his deepest involvement: he first ran the South China football team in 1992–94 and returned in 2006, turning a side that had just been relegated into treble winners of the league, Senior Shield and FA Cup; the club marked its centenary in 2008 with a third straight league title and reached the AFC Cup semi-finals in 2009. As a film producer he backed Gallants (2010), whose old-school kung-fu sentiment won a surprise Best Film at the 30th Hong Kong Film Awards. 羅傑承1959年生於澳門，祖籍廣東梅縣，叔公係維他奶創辦人羅桂祥，港澳企業家，博美投資集團創辦人兼董事會主席，投資地產、娛樂、飲食同體育。1977年佢中學畢業後到香港發展，1990年代初與黃百鳴合組永高電影有限公司。佢同足球關係最深：1992至1994年首度出任南華足球隊主任，2006年應邀再掌南華，把前一屆嘅降班球隊帶成聯賽、銀牌同足總盃「三冠王」，2008年球隊成立百周年並完成聯賽三連冠，2009年更晉身亞洲足協盃四強。電影方面，佢監製嘅《打擂台》（2010）以老派功夫情懷爆冷奪得第30屆香港電影金像獎最佳電影。 ## 羅烈 / Lo Lieh 1962–2002. Lo Lieh (1938–2002), born Wong Lap-tat to an overseas Chinese family in the Dutch East Indies, was a celebrated Hong Kong martial arts actor. His family ran a farm in Pematangsiantar, and he studied xingyi quan and tai chi from childhood. He joined Shaw Brothers in 1962 as a first-generation graduate of its acting training programme, and because of his dark complexion Chang Cheh cast him as honest, sturdy characters, giving him early roles in mid-1960s hits. Turning to villainous parts in the 1970s, he starred in a 1972 film that became the first Hong Kong production released in American cinemas, which made him a favourite screen villain and led to a string of English-language B-movies. In the 1990s he moved into television as a long-serving Asia Television artiste, and as the local market slumped he moved to the mainland to do business and run an acting school. He died of a heart attack in Shenzhen on 2 November 2002, aged 64. 羅烈（1938–2002），原名王立達，印尼華僑，係香港著名武打演員。佢出生於荷屬東印度先達（今印尼先達），家人經營農場生意，自小學過形意拳同太極拳。1962年佢加入邵氏，係邵氏「南國訓練團」第一期畢業生，因膚色黝黑被張徹睇中做忠厚角色，1965年已於《蝴蝶盃》、《金燕子》、《鐵手無情》等張徹影片中嶄露頭角。1970年代佢轉型反派，1972年《天下第一拳》更係香港首部在美國院線上映嘅影片，自此成為各大導演常用嘅大反派，並演出一連串歐美B級片。1990年代佢投身電視界，長年為亞洲電視藝員，拍過《我來自廣州》、《英雄之廣東十虎》等劇。九十年代末港產片市道不景，佢轉到內地經商並開辦演藝學院訓練新人。2002年11月2日佢在深圳因心臟病突發，送院途中去世，享年64歲。 ## 羅馬 / . 羅馬 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 羅馬係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 羅舜泉 / . 羅舜泉 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 羅舜泉係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 羅維 / . 羅維 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 羅維係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 盧雨岐 / 1950s–1970s. Born in 1917 to a Shunde family, Lo Yu-kei was a Hong Kong film director and screenwriter. In the 1960s he was the ninth of the ten directors — including Wong Toi, Mok Hong-si, Lung To, Wu Pang, Lee Tit and Ng Wui — who swore brotherhood and became known as the 'Ten Great Directors' of Cantonese cinema. Between the 1950s and 60s he directed nearly thirty-seven films and wrote close to 150 screenplays, a mainstay of Cantonese cinema's most productive years. In 1974 Ng Wui introduced him to RTV as a writer, and he later took supporting acting roles. He died in Grantham Hospital on 24 December 1981. 盧雨岐1917年出世，祖籍廣東順德，係香港電影編劇同導演。1960年代佢同黃岱、莫康時、龍圖、胡鵬、馮志剛等十位導演結義，合稱「十大導」，盧雨岐排行第九。1950年代至1960年代間，佢執導過接近三十七部電影，而編劇作品多達一百五十部左右，係粵語片高峰期嘅量產主力。1974年佢經吳回介紹入麗的電視做編劇，後來以甘草演員身分參與電視劇演出。1981年12月24日佢喺葛量洪醫院病逝。 ## 羅恩惠 / . A veteran journalist turned independent documentary filmmaker, she spent nearly four years gathering archives, news footage and testimony on the 1967 riots for Vanished Archives (2017), whose packed screenings across Hong Kong and overseas Chinese communities made it one of the most discussed independent documentaries in the city's history. 羅恩惠係資深傳媒人同獨立紀錄片導演。佢花近四年時間搜集六七暴動嘅檔案、新聞片段同當事人訪問，拍成《消失的檔案》(2017)，喺香港以至海外華人社區引發巨大迴響，放映場場爆滿，成為香港紀錄片史上最受矚目嘅獨立製作之一，示範咗獨立媒體喺艱難環境保存公共記憶嘅力量。 ## 羅耀輝 / . 羅耀輝 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 羅耀輝係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 婁貽哲 / . 婁貽哲 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 婁貽哲係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 雷宇揚 / Simon Loui Yu-yeung 1988–2026. Simon Loui Yu-yeung (1964–2026) was a Hong Kong actor, presenter, radio disc jockey, newspaper columnist and director, and a former Television Broadcasts artiste. One eighth British and an only child, he attended St Paul's College and its primary school, and studied mass communication at Concordia University in Montreal after finishing his A levels. He graduated from the Television Broadcasts acting course and joined the station in 1988, mostly playing villains and minor roles, before moving to films, where he took so many uneven productions for a living that he was nicknamed king of bad movies. He later moved behind the camera as director and producer and wrote songs and lyrics as well. He is best remembered for starring in and hosting a string of supernatural films and programmes, including the Troublesome Night series and a long-running ghost-themed talk show, which earned him the nickname king of ghosts. He went into business in mainland China in the 2010s, settling in Guangzhou, and married a Guangdong television presenter in 2012. He died of stomach cancer in Guangzhou on 7 September 2026, aged 62. 雷宇揚（1964–2026），香港男演員、節目主持、電台唱片騎師、專欄作家同導演，曾為無綫電視藝員。佢有八分之一英國血統，係家中獨子，早年就讀聖保羅書院小學及聖保羅書院，預科畢業後往加拿大蒙特婁修讀協和大學大眾傳播系。1988年佢畢業於無綫電視藝員訓練班並加入無綫，多演反派小角色，其後轉投電影圈，一度因生計接拍大量水平參差嘅電影而被封「爛片天王」，後來轉戰幕後擔任導演、監製，亦曾為粵語流行曲作曲填詞。佢最為人熟悉係主演及主持一系列靈異題材影視作品同節目，包括《陰陽路》系列電影同《怪談》，因而有「鬼王」之稱。2010年代佢轉往商界，喺中國內地開餐館並長居廣州，2012年與廣東電視台女主播馬荔結婚。2026年9月7日佢因胃癌在廣州病逝，終年62歲。 ## 魯俊谷 / . A Hong Kong film director whose name appears in the reference catalogues of the city's cinema, Lo Chun-kok was a participant in Hong Kong cinema's bold genre experiments, where directors found their paths across wuxia, comedy and erotic thrillers. 魯俊谷係香港電影導演，名字見於香港電影導演嘅文獻目錄。香港電影嘅類型片嘗試向來大膽，好多導演都在武俠、喜劇、奇情之間尋找出路；佢係呢場類型實驗入面嘅參與者。 ## 呂奇 / Lui Kei 1959–1987. Lui Kei, born Tong Kok-man in Taishan, Guangdong in 1939 into a legal family, came to Hong Kong in 1949 and finished Form 5 at Wellington College. He entered the Chung Luen acting class in 1959 and in July 1960 joined Shaw Brothers' Cantonese unit with his younger sister Lee Man, his first leading role coming in 1960. Before Shaw closed its Cantonese unit, Ocean Films starred him in The Playboy (1965), which made him a romantic lead, and his youth romances with Connie Chan Po-chu became classics of the era. He appeared in close to a hundred films as actor, writer and director, making his directing debut in 1969; in 1974 he set up his Kam Wo production unit to make films for Shaw Brothers, and he was the first Hong Kong director to shoot a category III film showing pubic hair. After a final film in 1987 he retired, living quietly in Taiwan on stocks and property rents. He died in Taipei in April 2024, aged 85. 呂奇原名湯覺民，1939年生於廣東台山，出身法律世家，1949年來港，就讀威靈頓英文中學並以中五畢業。1959年佢考入中聯演員訓練班，翌年7月同胞妹李敏一齊加入邵氏兄弟粵語片組，首部主演作品係《九命奇冤》（1960）。1964年邵氏結束粵語片組之前，海洋影業開拍《公子多情》（1965）捧佢做主角，令佢成為「多情小生」，同陳寶珠合作嘅青春文藝片更係一代經典。佢先後演出近一百部電影，既做演員亦做編劇同導演，1969年首次執導《蔓莉蔓莉我愛你》；1974年為邵氏成立金禾（呂奇）製作組包拍電影，佢亦係香港首位拍攝「露毛」三級色情片嘅導演。1987年執導最後一部作品後退出演藝圈，同太太隱居台灣經營股票同物業，2024年4月在台北逝世，終年八十五歲。 ## 陸劍明 / . 陸劍明 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 陸劍明係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 龍剛 / . 龍剛 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 龍剛係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 馬楚成 / . 馬楚成 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 馬楚成係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 馬偉豪 / Joe Ma Wai-ho 1990s–present. Joe Ma Wai-ho, born in 1964, is a Hong Kong director and actor known for commercial romantic comedies and nicknamed the master of romance. At secondary school he was active in drama, and in his final year he wrote and directed a stage play that won best director and best overall production at a drama festival; the judge, producer Raymond Wong, bought the rights and turned it into a hit comedy film series. He then studied hard, scoring two A grades and a B at A level, and read history at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He began writing film scripts in 1983 and was recruited by Clifton Ko into the creative team of D&B Films; after graduating he spent several years as an assistant creative director at Asia Television and half a year as an editor-in-chief of Japanese comics. He began directing features in the early 1990s and also produced for Blackie Ko's company, with hits including a string of romantic comedies. He ran his own production house from 2000 to 2017 and settled in Beijing in 2008; in recent years he has mentored younger film-makers. 馬偉豪1964年生，香港導演及演員，以商業愛情喜劇聞名，有「愛情大師」之稱。佢就讀佛教善德英文中學，中二已活躍於校內話劇，中六時自編自導舞台劇《朱秀才》參加戲劇匯演，奪最佳導演及整體演出獎，評判黃百鳴賽後購入版權改編成《開心鬼》系列。佢其後發奮讀書，高級程度會考考獲2A1B，入讀香港中文大學歷史系，1983年已涉足電影編劇，獲高志森挖掘成為德寶電影公司創作部班底；畢業後曾任亞洲電視助理創作主任數年，亦當過日本漫畫總編輯半年。1990年代初佢開始執導個人電影，並任柯受良製作公司嘅電影監製，代表作有《玉女添丁》、《百分百感覺》、《初戀無限Touch》、《新紮師妹》同《地下鐵》。2000至2017年佢成立「小馬歌製作室」，2008年為開拓內地市場定居北京；近年主力扶掖後輩，如協助陳詠燊監製首齣電影《逆流大叔》。 ## 馬天耀 / . A Hong Kong film director recorded in specialist reference works, Ma Tin-yiu belongs to the tradition of fast, sharp, exact filmmaking that trained Hong Kong directors to create and execute at speed — a discipline that carried Hong Kong film talent around the world. 馬天耀係香港電影導演，名字收錄於香港電影導演嘅專門文獻。香港電影以高速製作聞名，導演要喺短時間內兼顧創作同執行；呢種「快、靚、準」嘅訓練，成為香港電影人走遍世界嘅獨特本錢，佢亦係呢種傳統嘅一部分。 ## 馬徐維邦 / . 馬徐維邦 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 馬徐維邦係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 麥當傑 / . 麥當傑 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 麥當傑係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 麥曦茵 / Heiward Mak 2006–present. Heiward Mak, born in Hong Kong in 1984, is a director and screenwriter of the new generation. She grew up in San Chui Estate, Tai Wai, and after Form 5 gave up her sixth-form place over a passion for children's illustration to study design at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, graduating from City University's School of Creative Media in 2006; her graduation film won the open category gold at the Hong Kong Independent Short Film and Video Awards and a young director prize at the Hannover International Film Festival. In 2007, aged 23, she wrote and directed her first feature, High Noon, which the Hong Kong Film Critics Society named a recommended film of the year and which earned a Best New Director nomination at the Hong Kong Film Awards. With Pang Ho-cheung she co-wrote Love in a Puff, winning Best Screenplay at the 30th Hong Kong Film Awards, and she went on to direct Ex, Diva and Fagara. In 2012 she founded the management company Dumb Youth to support independent actors and creators. 麥曦茵1984年喺香港出世，係新一代電影導演同編劇。佢喺大圍新翠邨長大，讀沙田官立小學同沙田官立中學，中五商科畢業後因為喜歡兒童插畫而放棄中六學位，轉讀香港理工大學設計系，2006年喺香港城市大學創意媒體學院畢業，畢業作品《他她》奪得香港獨立短片節公開組金獎同德國漢諾威市國際電影節青年導演獎。2007年佢以二十三歲之齡編導首部長片《烈日當空》，獲香港電影評論學會選為年度推薦電影，並入圍香港電影金像獎最佳新導演；2010年佢同彭浩翔合編《志明與春嬌》，奪得第三十屆香港電影金像獎最佳編劇。其他作品包括《前度》、《DIVA華麗之後》、《曖昧不明關係研究學會》同《花椒之味》。佢2012年成立經理人公司 Dumb Youth，扶植獨立演員同創作人。 ## 麥當雄 / Johnny Mak 1971–present. Johnny Mak, born in British Hong Kong in 1949, is a Hong Kong film director, producer and screenwriter known for crime films. In the 1970s he was programme director of RTV and head of its first channel, repeatedly beating the ratings-leading rival with dramas; from the 1980s he became a film producer, winning best director at the 21st Golden Horse Awards for Long Arm of the Law and best screenplay at the 11th Hong Kong Film Awards for To Be Number One. His younger brother is the director Mak Tong-kit. Mak entered a leading Jesuit college in 1962, where he met the actor Damian Lau, one year his junior; after finishing his pre-university year in 1969 he taught history at a secondary school in Kowloon City. In 1971 he and Damian Lau joined RTV's fifth actor training class; he moved behind the camera as an assistant director, became a director in 1974 and made anthology dramas that were among the station's top-rated programmes. In 1975 two episodes of a crime anthology made his name: his documentary style, laced with scenes of blood and horror, shook the habitual ratings lead of the rival station's flagship variety show and earned him, with two colleagues, the nickname of one of RTV's three heroes. Promoted to producer in 1977 and then production manager, he was made programme director of RTV in 1978 after a rival station closed and his drama series performed strongly; into the early 1980s he and Stephen Shiu ran the station's drama output. 麥當雄1949年生於英屬香港，係香港電影導演、編劇和監製，以擅於製作警匪片見稱。1970年代佢係麗的電視（亞洲電視前身）節目總監及其第一台（本港台前身）台長，多次為收視常處弱勢嘅麗的打敗無綫；1980年代起佢轉身成為電影監製，憑《省港旗兵》獲第21屆台灣電影金馬獎最佳導演，憑《跛豪》獲得第11屆香港電影金像獎最佳編劇，其弟為導演麥當傑。麥當雄1962年考入聖若瑟書院，在校時已認識晚一年入學嘅劉松仁；1969年預科畢業後，佢在九龍城中西英文書院中學部教授歷史科。1971年佢與劉松仁一同加入麗的電視第五屆藝員訓練班，短暫當過演員後轉入幕後任助理編導；1974年升為編導，負責製作單元劇，其中《八座八樓》、《夕陽紅》、《落霞孤鶩》等短劇係當時麗的收視最高嘅節目。1975年佢憑電視單元劇《十大奇案》其中兩集一舉成名，以紀實手法加插血腥恐怖場景，撼動對台無綫《歡樂今宵》嘅慣性收視，令佢與李兆熊、屠用雄並稱「麗的三雄」。1977年佢升任監製後再升製作經理；1978年8月佳視結業，而其導演的劇集《鱷魚淚》取得佳績，令佢升任麗的電視節目總監和第一台台長；1970年代末至1980年代初，佢與蕭若元一同主政麗的電視劇製作。 ## 麥浚龍 / Juno Mak 2002–present. Juno Mak, born Mak Wan-yin in Hong Kong in 1984, is a singer, actor and director and the son of businessman Mak Siu-tong. He emigrated to Canada in his first year of primary school, returned to Hong Kong and studied at the Hong Kong International School through sixth form. He debuted in 2002 with the EP 'On the Road'; accused early on of relying on his father's money, he moved towards non-mainstream sounds and took his first Ultimate Song Chart top-ten place with 'Androgyny' in 2005. In 2015 his duet with Kay Tse, 'Rashomon', became a city-wide talking point and a pan-Chinese gold song, while the album 'Addendum' won the Ultimate Album award. On film he made his directing debut with Rigor Mortis (2013), produced by Japanese horror master Takashi Shimizu, which took over HK$17 million in Hong Kong and won the FIPRESCI Prize at the Golden Horse Awards. His long-gestated Sons of the Neon Night, budgeted at over HK$100 million with a full-scale Causeway Bay set built in Huizhou, won Best Art Direction at the Hong Kong Film Awards. 麥浚龍1984年喺香港出世，本名麥允然，係歌手、演員同導演，父親係商人麥紹棠。佢小學一年級時隨家人移民加拿大，之後回流香港，讀香港國際學校至預科。2002年佢推出首張EP《ON THE ROAD》出道，出道初期被指靠父蔭催谷宣傳，佢其後轉向非主流曲風，2005年憑《雌雄同體》首次奪得叱咤十大；2015年佢同謝安琪合唱嘅《羅生門》掀起全城熱話，成為全球華人至尊金曲，大碟《Addendum》亦奪得叱咤樂壇至尊唱片大獎。電影方面，佢2013年首次執導《殭屍》，由日本恐怖片大師清水崇監製，香港票房一千七百多萬，並奪得金馬獎國際影評人費比西獎；投資過億、喺惠州搭建一比一銅鑼灣街景嘅《風林火山》由佢執導兼編劇，奪得香港電影金像獎最佳美術指導。 ## 麥啟光 / Albert Mak Kai-kwong 1989–present. Albert Mak Kai-kwong, born in Hong Kong in 1965 to a firefighter father and a homemaker mother, is a Hong Kong film director. He had no particular interest in cinema as a boy and, unable to find suitable work after growing up, entered the industry in 1989 as a continuity assistant on a friend's introduction, later becoming an assistant director. Between 1991 and 1999 he worked on a long list of features and television productions as an assistant director, and appeared on screen in a 1997 comedy. In June 2000 his first film as director, a horror picture, opened in Hong Kong, followed in October by a comedy starring Nick Cheung, and two more films of his opened the next year. He then served as assistant director on several major commercial hits including Johnnie To's crime drama. He produced a 2005 film and both acted in and assistant-directed a 2007 crime epic. In October 2010 he wrote and directed another feature; the 2012 film he assistant-directed won and was nominated for numerous international awards. His 2024 crime comedy starring Aaron Kwok performed strongly and brought him a best screenplay honour from the Hong Kong Film Critics Society. 麥啟光1965年生於香港，係香港電影導演，父親係消防員，母親係家庭主婦。佢自小對電影沒有特別興趣，長大後找不到合適工作，卻於1989年由朋友介紹下當電影場記，其後出任副導演。1991年至1999年佢先後參與製作《豪門夜宴》、《與龍共舞》、《新仙鶴神針》、《救世神棍》、《新上海灘》、《龍在邊緣》、《我愛777》等影視作品，並於1997年參演電影《完全結婚手冊》。2000年6月8日，麥啟光執導嘅恐怖電影《鬼同你玩》在香港上映；同年10月19日，與張家輝、蒙嘉慧合作嘅《流氓師表》上映；次年執導嘅《新流氓醫生》、《玉女添丁》亦在香港上映。隨後佢擔任《百年好合》、《大隻佬》、《絕世好賓》、《甜絲絲》嘅副導演。2005年佢任製片人嘅《神經俠侶》上映，2007年上映嘅《門徒》中佢擔任演員和副導演。2010年10月22日，佢自編自導嘅《毋、亡我》在香港上映；2012年，佢任副導演嘅《毒戰》獲多個國際獎項及提名。2024年佢推出由郭富城主演嘅香港犯罪喜劇片《臨時劫案》，獲得良好成績，電影更為佢帶來香港電影評論學會大獎最佳編劇嘅榮譽。 ## 麥兆輝 / . Alan Mak, born in 1965, rose from assistant director. Infernal Affairs (2002), co-directed with Andrew Lau and written by Felix Chong, stunned the Chinese-speaking world with its double-mole premise and was remade in Hollywood as The Departed, an Oscar Best Picture winner. With Chong he went on to the Overheard trilogy and Project Gutenberg, upholding Hong Kong crime cinema's international standing. 麥兆輝1965年出世，1990年代由副導演做起，2002年夥拍劉偉強執導、莊文強編劇嘅《無間道》，雙臥底設定轟動兩岸三地，更被荷李活翻拍成《無間道風雲》並奪得奧斯卡最佳電影。其後同莊文強搭檔執導《竊聽風雲》系列、《無雙》，持續鞏固香港警匪片嘅國際聲譽。 ## 麥嘯霞 / 1920s–1941. Born in 1904 in Guangzhou and of Nanhai descent, Mak Siu-ha was a painter, Cantonese-opera librettist, film director and actor. Educated at the Guangzhou Military School, he taught in Hong Kong from 1928 while writing plays for leading Cantonese opera troupes including Tai Lo Tin and Kok Sin Sing, scripting works for Ma Si-tsang and Sit Kok-sin and the celebrated song Half-Open Rose. He appeared in more than twenty films, from Conscience (1933) to his last, Blood on the Peach Blossom Fan (1940). His 1940 book A Brief History of Guangdong Theatre surveyed Cantonese opera librettists since the Ming dynasty. He died in 1941 during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. 麥嘯霞1904年生於廣州西關，南海西樵人，係香港畫家、粵劇撰曲人、電影導演同演員。佢1921年畢業於廣州陸軍學校，之後以教書為業，1928年在香港任教，並為大羅天、覺先聲等粵劇團編劇，分別為馬師曾同薛覺先寫戲，《粉墨狀元》《腸斷蕭郎一紙書》等都係嗰時嘅作品，撰曲名作有《半開玫瑰》。佢一生參與廿多部電影，《良心》（1933）同《血灑桃花扇》（1940）分別係處男作同遺作。1940年佢撰寫《廣東戲劇史畧》，梳理明清以來嘅粵劇撰曲家。1941年香港淪陷期間逝世。 ## 麥大傑 / . 麥大傑 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 麥大傑係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 麥婉欣 / . A Hong Kong woman director, her 2004 film Butterfly, about two former lovers meeting again and the memory, desire and growing-up between them, earned critical acclaim and stands as a key work of Hong Kong queer and female-authored cinema of the 2000s. She continues documentary and cross-media work on the city and personal memory. 麥婉欣係香港女性導演，2004年執導《蝴蝶》，以一對女性舊情人重逢為主線，寫記憶、慾望同成長，獲得評論界好評，係千禧年代香港同志電影同女性創作嘅代表作之一。佢亦有紀錄片同跨界創作，持續關注香港城市同個人記憶。 ## 麥嘉尚 / . 麥嘉尚 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 麥嘉尚係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 孟海 / . 孟海 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 孟海係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 莫康時 / . 莫康時 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 莫康時係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 牟敦芾 / . A Taiwan-born director who left for Hong Kong after his early works fell foul of censorship, he joined Shaw Brothers and directed Men Behind the Sun (1988), a near-documentary exposure of Japanese biological warfare atrocities that shocked the Chinese-speaking world — among the most unflinching confrontations with history in Chinese cinema. 牟敦芾係台灣出身嘅導演，七十年代因作品觸碰禁忌離開台灣，輾轉加入邵氏。1988年佢執導《黑太陽731》，以近乎紀錄片嘅殘酷直視日軍細菌戰暴行，震動華語影壇，亦引發巨大爭議。佢係華語電影入面最敢於直面歷史黑暗嘅導演之一。 ## 穆時英 / . 穆時英 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 穆時英係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 藍乃才 / . 藍乃才 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 藍乃才係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 南燕 / . 南燕 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 南燕係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 吳鎮宇 / Francis Ng 1982–present. Francis Ng Chun-yu, born Ng Chi-keung in Hong Kong in 1961, is an actor and director. He sat TVB's artiste training class four times before graduating in 1982 in a cohort that included Tony Leung, Stephen Chow, Waise Lee and Bobby Au-yeung, and spent his first years in bit parts before his workload grew in the mid-1980s. Villains were his forte, and he then escaped typecasting through hit situation comedies. On film he won Best Actor at the 37th Golden Horse Awards for Johnnie To's The Mission (1999) and Best Supporting Actor at the Hong Kong Film Awards for 2000 AD (2000); Triumph in the Skies and Infernal Affairs II number among his best-known works. He also directed Dancing Lion (2007) and Tracing Shadow (2009). 吳鎮宇1961年喺香港出世，原名吳志強，係演員同導演。佢連考四次無綫電視藝員訓練班，1982年喺第十一期畢業，同期同學有梁朝偉、周星馳、李子雄同歐陽震華。出道頭幾年佢一直做跑龍套，直到1980年代中期演出機會才增多；佢演反派尤其突出，《生命之旅》嘅杜朗賢同《蓋世豪俠》嘅段玉樓都係代表作，其後再憑《公私三文治》、《卡拉屋企》等處境喜劇逐步擺脫反派定型。電影方面，1999年佢憑杜琪峰執導嘅《鎗火》奪得第三十七屆台灣金馬獎最佳男主角，2000年憑《公元2000》獲香港電影金像獎最佳男配角；電視劇《衝上雲霄》系列同電影《無間道II》都係佢嘅代表作。佢亦執導過《醒獅》（2007）同《追影》（2009）。 ## 吳瑰岸 / . 吳瑰岸 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 吳瑰岸係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 伍錦霞 / . Esther Eng (1914–1970), born in San Francisco to Taishanese parents, was hailed as 'the only Chinese-language female director in Hollywood'. She made eleven films — five Cantonese features in Hong Kong, including National Heroine (1936), praised by women's groups, and Women's World (1939), the first film anywhere with an all-female cast. In her 1941 Golden Gate Girl, a three-month-old Bruce Lee made his first screen appearance. Colleagues respectfully called her 'Brother Ha'; the 2013 documentary Golden Gate Girl restored her pioneering legacy. 伍錦霞（1914–1970）生於三藩市，祖籍台山，被稱為「好萊塢唯一華裔女導演」。佢一生編導或監製十一部電影，喺香港拍咗五部粵語片，1936年《民族女英雄》獲廣東女權團體嘉許，1939年嘅《女人世界》更是世界影史上首部全部由女性擔綱嘅電影。1941年《金門女》中，三個月大嘅李小龍登場，成為一段奇緣。影壇中人稱佢「霞哥」，2013年有紀錄片《金門銀光夢》還原呢位被遺忘嘅先驅。 ## 吳耀漢 / Richard Ng 1967–2023. Richard Ng Yiu-hon (1939–2023), whose family came from Huiyang in Guangdong, was a Hong Kong actor and businessman remembered as the 'original deadpan comedian'; his son Carl Ng is also an actor. The youngest son of the second wife and the eighth of sixteen siblings, he grew up in the family's five-storey house on Shan Lam Road in Tsim Sha Tsui and boarded at St Stephen's College's preparatory and secondary schools. In 1955, aged fifteen, he went to Eton in England, dropped out of dental school after two years and switched to drama at a London academy, joining the BBC in 1967 to star in four television comedies while trading in Chinese antiques and working as a dishwasher and a Christmas postman. He returned to Hong Kong in 1970, and in the 1980s became a leading figure of local comedy as one of the 'Lucky Stars' alongside Sammo Hung, Stanley Fung, Charlie Chin and John Sham. 吳耀漢1939年出世，祖籍廣東惠陽，係香港演員兼商人，被譽為「元祖冷面笑匠」，兒子吳嘉龍亦係藝人，佢2023年4月逝世。佢係二房幼子，喺十六名兄弟姊妹中排行第八，父親吳海霖係九龍巴士同九龍殯儀館嘅創辦人之一；佢喺尖沙咀山林道家族自建嘅五層高大宅長大，讀聖士提反書院附屬小學並留校寄宿，後來升讀聖士提反書院。1955年十五歲嗰年佢負笈英國伊頓公學，大學讀牙醫系兩年就輟學，轉到戲劇學院攻讀戲劇課程；1967年經經理人介紹加入英國廣播公司，主演四部電視喜劇片，其間靠買賣中國古董、喺酒樓洗碗同做聖誕兼職郵差幫補生計。1970年返港發展，八十年代憑「福星」系列電影同洪金寶、馮淬帆、秦祥林、岑建勳合稱「五福星」，成為港產喜劇代表人物。 ## 吳思遠 / Ng See-yuen 1971–present. Ng See-yuen, born in Shanghai in 1944 to a family from Zhongshan, Guangdong and brought to Hong Kong with his family in 1961, is a Hong Kong director and producer, honorary life president of the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild and president of the Federation of Hong Kong Filmmakers. Educated in Shanghai and at New Method College in Hong Kong, he taught in a secondary school before working in a textile mill in 1965. In 1966 he entered Shaw Brothers' sixth Southern Drama Group course in directing and writing, worked as a continuity man and was assistant director on a 1969 film before directing his first feature in 1971. In 1972 he produced a film that he sold to Goldig Films, then Hong Kong's third-largest distribution group, and in 1973 founded Seasonal Film Corporation, later producing Drunken Master (1978), which made Jackie Chan a star. Long active in industry bodies, he also founded the Seasonal basketball team and has been awarded the Bronze Bauhinia Star and appointed a Justice of the Peace. 吳思遠1944年生於上海，籍貫廣東中山，1961年隨家人移居香港，係香港導演同監製，亦係香港電影導演會永遠榮譽會長同香港電影工作者總會會長。佢喺上海讀小學同中學，來港後畢業於新法書院，曾經當過中學教師；1965年佢喺大東紗廠做機器維修，1966年投考邵氏第六屆南國實驗劇團編導科，接受戲劇訓練，做過場記，1969年喺電影《劍膽》擔任副導演，1971年執導首部作品《瘋狂殺手》。1972年佢製作《蕩寇灘》，賣給當時香港第三大電影集團協利電影發行，1973年創辦思遠影業公司，其後監製《醉拳》等片，令成龍一炮而紅。佢多年來為香港電影工業出心出力，亦曾創立思遠籃球隊，並獲頒銅紫荊星章同委任為太平紳士。 ## 吳家麗 / . 吳家麗 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 吳家麗係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 吳回 / . One of the celebrated Ten Directors of Cantonese cinema, Wu Hui was an actor-turned-director with over a hundred films. The Orphan (1960), starring Wu Kuo-fan with a young Bruce Lee as a street orphan, was Bruce Lee's most important Hong Kong appearance before leaving for America and a landmark of Cantonese realism. 吳回係粵語片時代「十大導」之一，演而優則導，作品逾百部。1960年佢執導嘅《人海孤鴻》由吳楚帆主演、李小龍飾演街頭孤兒，係李小龍赴美前最重要嘅電影演出，亦係粵語片寫實傳統嘅代表作。佢見證並塑造咗粵語片黃金時代嘅藝術高度。 ## 顏米羔 / Ngan Mic-GO 2004–present. Ngan Mic-GO, born in 1981 and originally named Ngan Kam-tat, is a Hong Kong film director, photographer and singer. Born in Shishi, Quanzhou in Fujian, he moved to Hong Kong at two with his family and has three elder sisters. Leaving a Tuen Mun secondary school with a record of singing-competition prizes, he entered the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts in 2001 to study film and television, specialising in editing, and ran a wedding photography company with classmates to fund his creative work; he left in 2003 to photograph full time. In 2004 his company won an RTHK outsourced commission, for which he edited a documentary, and he also shot behind-the-scenes material for a feature film. From 2005 he was the stills photographer for Aaron Kwok's concerts and shot wedding portraits for many entertainment figures, publishing a book on wedding photography in 2014. He directed his first feature in 2016 and a ViuTV programme in 2017, and in 2023 finished third in a televised singing contest for middle-aged performers, releasing his first single in 2025. 顏米羔1981年生，原名顏金達，香港電影導演、攝影師同歌手。佢出生於福建泉州石獅，兩歲隨家人移居香港，家中有三名胞姊，畢業於香港道教聯合會青松中學，求學期間曾參加多個歌唱比賽並屢獲獎項。2001年佢入讀香港演藝學院電影電視系學士課程、選修剪接，在學時與同學組成製作公司從事婚禮攝影，以收入支持創作，2003年退學全職投入攝影。2004年佢公司投得香港電台電視部外判節目《人間搜畫》，佢負責紀錄片《薪火失傳》嘅剪接，同年參與電影《大城小事》拍攝製作花絮；2005年起佢為郭富城演唱會擔任硬照攝影師，亦為圈中人拍婚紗照，2014年出版《史上最JOGO的婚禮》。2016年佢執導電影《私人會所》（2017年公映），2017年為ViuTV節目《婚姻五重奏》任導演；2023年佢參加《中年好聲音2》獲得第三名，2025年推出首支個人單曲《烚菜》並於西九文化區舉行個人演唱會。 ## 敖志君 / . 敖志君 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 敖志君係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 南海十三郎 / . 南海十三郎 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 南海十三郎係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 歐陽予倩 / . 歐陽予倩 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 歐陽予倩係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 潘壘 / . 潘壘 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 潘壘係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 彭發 / . Born in Bangkok in 1965, Danny Pang and his identical twin Oxide rose from colourists in the Thai film industry. The twins' The Eye (2002) reinvented Asian horror with their distinctive colour aesthetics and editing rhythm, leading to Hollywood's The Eye remake and Bangkok Dangerous starring Nicolas Cage — among the first Chinese director pairs to break into Hollywood. 彭發1965年喺泰國曼谷出世，同孖生兄弟彭順由泰國電影工業嘅調色師做起，技藝令香港影人側目。2002年兄弟聯合執導《見鬼》，以獨有嘅色彩美學同剪接節奏革新亞洲恐怖片，獲得國際注目，其後獲邀執導荷李活版《美版見鬼》同尼古拉斯基治主演嘅《曼谷殺手》，成為最早打入荷李活嘅華人導演兄弟檔。 ## 彭浩翔 / . Pang Ho-cheung, born in 1973, began as a novelist and screenwriter, announcing himself with Men Suddenly in Black (2001) and a singular brand of dark humour. His comedies pushed boundaries, while the Love in a Puff trilogy caught Hong Kong urban romance in its smoking corners, making him the most distinctive Hong Kong comedy auteur of the 2000s. 彭浩翔1973年出世，作家同編劇出身，2001年以《買兇拍人》一鳴驚人，黑色幽默自成一格；《大丈夫》(2003)、《低俗喜劇》持續挑戰喜劇尺度，《志明與春嬌》三部曲以抽煙角落嘅愛情捕捉香港都市男女，成為千禧年代最具作者印記嘅香港喜劇導演。 ## 彭順 / . 彭順 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 彭順係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 鮑學禮 / . 鮑學禮 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 鮑學禮係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 鮑起鳴 / . A Hong Kong film and television director recorded in specialist reference works, Pau Hei-ming is part of a familiar pattern in the city's industry — craft passed down within film families from one generation to the next. 鮑起鳴係香港影視導演，名字收錄於香港電影導演嘅專門文獻。香港電影嘅家族傳承並唔罕見：手藝喺片場入面一代傳一代，令呢個行業嘅記憶得以延續。 ## 彭長貴 / . 彭長貴 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 彭長貴係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 彭秀慧 / Kearen Pang 2000s–present. Born in 1975, Kearen Pang is a Hong Kong cross-media artist who writes, directs, performs and teaches — starting as a stage actress and going on to produce a series of one-woman shows she wrote and directed herself. Her second solo play won her Best Actress (Comedy/Farce) at the Hong Kong Drama Awards in 2008; she was named one of the Ten Outstanding Young Persons of Hong Kong in 2014 and won best director (foreign-language drama) at the Nice International Film Festival in 2017. Her debut feature 29+1 won Best New Director at the 37th Hong Kong Film Awards, and her second, Mama's Affair (2022), took nearly HK$43 million. 1975年出世嘅彭秀慧，係香港跨媒體藝術工作者——編、導、演、教一手包辦。佢由舞台劇演員出身，之後自編自導自演兼監製一系列劇場作品，以獨立知性女生嘅形象活躍喺香港各類媒體。2008年佢憑第二齣獨腳戲《再見不再見》獲香港舞台劇獎最佳女主角（喜／鬧劇）；2014年當選香港十大傑出青年；2017年喺法國尼斯國際影展獲最佳導演（外語劇情片）。2018年佢首次執導嘅《29+1》為佢贏得第37屆香港電影金像獎新晉導演；2022年第二部作品《阿媽有咗第二個》票房接近四千三百萬，排該年十大香港電影票房第三位。 ## 潘文傑 / . 潘文傑 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 潘文傑係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 潘源良 / Calvin Poon Yuen-leung 1980s–present. Born in 1958, Calvin Poon Yuen-leung is a Hong Kong lyricist, screenwriter and director, football commentator, calligrapher, actor and host, known as the 'wanderer lyricist'. He has written some 620 Cantonese lyrics since the 1980s, and from 2015, writing as Yuen Leung-bun, penned the entire lyrics for Eason Chan's album Getting Ready. That year a concert of his works was staged at the Hong Kong Coliseum. In 2016 he exhibited his calligraphy for the first time, and in 2019 he received the CASH Music Achievement Award for his contribution to Hong Kong popular music. 潘源良1958年出世，做過填詞、電影編劇同導演、足球評述、書法、演戲同節目主持，有「浪子詞人」嘅稱號。佢由八十年代寫到今日，詞作累積六百二十首。2015年佢改用筆名「袁兩半」，為陳奕迅粵語大碟《準備中》一手包辦全碟歌詞，屬首次；同年喺紅磡體育館開咗「最愛潘源良是誰作品展」演唱會。2016年佢同藝術家游榮光一齊辦聯展《光源50》，第一次公開展出書法作品。2019年香港作曲家及作詞家協會向佢頒CASH音樂成就大獎，肯定佢對本地流行音樂嘅貢獻。 ## 邵逸夫 / Sir Run Run Shaw 1920s–2014. Sir Run Run Shaw (1907–2014), born Shaw Ren-leng and known as Six Uncle, was a film and television producer, entertainment magnate and philanthropist from Zhenhai in Zhejiang. His family had long been in business, and in the 1920s he travelled to Singapore to help his elder brother Runme manage film distribution. Moving to Hong Kong in 1957, he founded Shaw Brothers (Hong Kong) Ltd, which went on to produce more than a thousand Chinese-language films and grew into the largest Chinese movie empire of its day. He was also a co-founder of Television Broadcasts Limited, whose dominance shaped Hong Kong television and made it the long-standing ratings leader. In 1977 he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. Shaw devoted himself to philanthropy, supporting social welfare and especially education and science: his donations funded schools and universities across mainland China, where many buildings bear his name. In his later years he endowed the Shaw Prize, often called the Nobel of the East, honouring achievements in mathematics, medicine and astronomy. He died peacefully at home in his Clear Water Bay apartment on 7 January 2014, aged 106. 邵逸夫爵士（1907–2014），名仁楞，字逸夫，以字行，人稱「六叔」，浙江寧波鎮海人，係香港電影及電視製作人、娛樂業大亨同慈善家。邵氏世代以商為業，佢1920年代遠赴新加坡，協助三哥仁枚經營電影發行業務；1957年移居香港後，成立邵氏兄弟（香港）有限公司，先後拍攝逾千部華語電影，構建起龐大嘅中文電影王國。佢亦係電視廣播有限公司（TVB）創辦人之一，無綫電視多年來主導香港電視行業，佔據本地收視領先地位。1977年邵逸夫獲英女王伊利沙伯二世冊封為下級勳位爵士。佢生前一直致力慈善事業，歷年捐助社會公益，尤其着重教育與科技；捐贈嘅教育資金遍布中國大陸，多家高等院校同中小學均有以佢命名嘅「逸夫樓」。晚年佢撥出資金成立有「東方諾貝爾獎」之稱嘅邵逸夫獎，表彰在數學、醫學及天文學有傑出貢獻嘅人物。2014年1月7日上午，邵逸夫在生前居住嘅清水灣大廈寓所安詳辭世，享年106歲。 ## 邵醉翁 / Runje Shaw Shao Zui-weng 1925–1949. Runje Shaw Shao Zui-weng (1896–1975), also known as Shao Renjie, was born in Zhenhai, Ningbo, and became a leading film entrepreneur in China and Hong Kong, a banker and a lawyer, as well as the eldest brother of Run Run Shaw. He graduated in law from Shanghai's Shenzhou University in 1914 and practised as a lawyer, becoming manager of a Sino-French bank in 1921. In 1922 he took a share in Shanghai's celebrated Xiao Wutai theatre, staging the modern spoken drama of the day and running his own troupe with satirical repertoire, making him a pioneer of modern commercial theatre in China. In June 1925 he founded Tianyi Film Company with those actors as his core, serving as general manager and director; his first feature premiered in Shanghai in autumn 1925 and he went on to make folk-tale and classical-novel films that pioneered Chinese martial arts and palace drama. In 1932 he came to Hong Kong and set up Tianyi's Hong Kong branch, whose studios opened in 1936 and whose first Cantonese talkie became the territory's first film to take a million dollars at the box office. He retired from the business in 1949 and died in Shanghai in 1975, aged 79. 邵醉翁（1896–1975），又稱邵仁杰，原名同章，浙江寧波鎮海人，係中國同香港著名電影事業家、中國早期現代電影領軍人物，亦係銀行家同律師，邵逸夫長兄。佢1914年畢業於上海神州大學法科，曾任上海地方法院律師同會審公律師，1921年出任中法振業銀行經理；1922年佢合伙集股經營上海著名「笑舞臺」劇場，開演當時所謂「文明戲」，係中國經營現代劇場嘅先驅之一，並自辦劇團演出諷刺時弊嘅劇目。1925年6月佢以笑舞臺演員作班底創辦天一影片公司，任總經理兼電影導演，二弟邵邨人管會計、三弟邵仁枚負責發行、六弟邵逸夫到南洋做發行宣傳；首部故事片《立地成佛》1925年秋在上海首映，其後開拍以民間故事同古典小說為本嘅「稗史片」，開中國武俠片、宮廷戲之濫觴。1932年佢赴香港創立天一影片公司香港分廠，1936年影棚建成，首部粵語片《白金龍》大受歡迎、票房百萬，成為香港史上首部票房過百萬嘅電影。1949年佢退出電影業，1975年在上海逝世，享年79歲。 ## 邵仁枚 / . Born in Ningbo in 1901, Runme Shaw co-founded the Shaw film empire. With his eldest brother in 1925 he started Tianyi Film Company in Shanghai, then built the family's Southeast Asian base in Singapore with his youngest brother Run Run, creating the region's biggest film, distribution and cinema empire, with Hong Kong as its studio heartland from the 1950s. He died in 1985. 邵仁枚1901年出世，浙江寧波人，係邵氏兄弟電影王國嘅共同創辦人。1925年佢同大哥邵醉翁喺上海創辦天一影片公司，其後遠赴新加坡開拓南洋市場，同六弟邵逸夫一齊建立橫跨製片、發行同戲院嘅娛樂帝國。邵氏兄弟五十年代喺香港設廠，成為東南亞最大嘅電影王國。佢長期坐鎮新加坡打理業務，1985年逝世——相對六叔大名鼎鼎，三哥係更少人提起嘅奠基者。 ## 雲翔 / Scud 2006–present. Scud, born Cheng Wan-siang in 1967, is a Hong Kong film director. Born in Guizhou on the mainland and raised in Guangzhou, he moved to Hong Kong at thirteen with his younger brother and parents; his grandfather, a Nationalist official who went to Taiwan alone during the civil war because there were not enough boat tickets, died in Kaohsiung in 1973. Scud worked his way through school, was unable to continue his studies, spent twenty years in the IT industry, took a computer science degree from the Open University of Hong Kong and then worked for multinational companies. He later stepped back from corporate life and moved to Australia to rethink his direction, turning to his long-held interest in music and literature and founding Artwalker Limited, an independent production company; his first film was a collaboration with director Lawrence Lau. His filmography includes a string of features exploring gay lives and desire, several of which opened or closed major festivals, played in competition at the Berlinale and won prizes at Chicago, where he was the first recipient of a Q-Hugo award. Announcing the end of his sixteen-year film career in April 2022, he was honoured with a focus programme screening all ten of his films at the 2024 Rotterdam festival. 雲翔（鄭雲翔）1967年生，係香港電影導演。佢出生於中國大陸貴州，成長於廣州市，13歲與弟弟隨雙親移居香港；祖父為國民黨官員，國共內戰時因船票不足獨自前往臺灣，1973年病逝於高雄海軍醫院。雲翔在學期間半工讀，無法繼續升學，工作後進入IT行業任職20年，並於香港公開大學（今香港都會大學）取得電腦學位，之後進入跨國公司發展。其後佢退下前線移居澳洲思考人生方向，心願為音樂與文學，並成立「藝行者獨立電影公司」（Artwalker Limited），與劉國昌合作首部電影《無野之城》。其作品包括《永久居留》、《安非他命》、《愛很爛》、《遊》、《同流合烏》、《三十儿立》、《十三門徒》、《屍房菜》、《裸族之香港部落》等。《永久居留》為第33屆香港國際電影節開幕電影；《安非他命》為第34屆香港國際電影節閉幕影片，並入圍第60屆柏林影展；《遊》獲第49屆芝加哥國際電影節「藝術成就獎」，佢亦係首位Q-Hugo獎得主。2022年4月17日佢在Facebook宣布為16年嘅電影生涯畫上句號，2024年第53屆鹿特丹國際電影節更設特備節目「焦點：雲翔」回顧其全部十部作品。 ## 蕭龍 / . 蕭龍 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 蕭龍係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 沈鑒治 / Shum Kim-chi 1950s–1990s. Born in 1929 and writing as Hung Chai-chai, Shum Kim-chi was editor-in-chief of Hong Kong Economic Journal, a veteran music critic and author. Born in Shanghai's foreign concessions, he fled the Japanese invasion to Hong Kong in 1938 and attended Diocesan Boys' School; after graduating from St. John's University in 1949 he returned to work in Hong Kong. Joining Rediffusion in 1956 as a programme director, he helped prepare the launch of RTV's television service in 1957 and briefly served as acting programme controller. He then worked as manager, editor-director and director at Sun Sun and later Phoenix, before moving to government in 1966 to help establish the Hong Kong Productivity Council and being posted to Japan. He became editor-in-chief of the Hong Kong Economic Journal in 1986 and died in 2019 aged 90. 沈鑒治1929年出世，筆名孔在齊，做過香港《信報財經新聞》總編輯，亦係資深樂評人兼作家。佢喺上海租界出世；1938年日軍侵華，佢隨家人避戰嚟到香港，中學讀拔萃男書院；1949年喺上海聖約翰大學畢業後返港工作。1956年佢入麗的呼聲電台做節目編導，同時兼顧麗的映聲電視台嘅籌備工作；1957年麗的映聲啟播，佢曾署理電視節目監督一職。離開電視台之後，佢去新新電影企業做經理兼編導及導演，之後轉投鳳凰影業當導演。1966年後佢轉到政府工作，參與籌建香港生產力促進局，並曾被派駐日本；1986年返港出任《信報》總編輯。佢喺2019年逝世，終年90歲。 ## 石天 / . Dean Shek, born in 1949, rose at the Shaw Brothers in the 1970s and co-founded Cinema City in 1980 with Karl Maka and Raymond Wong. Directing and starring in comedies like Laughing Times, he delighted audiences with everyman humour as Cinema City ruled Hong Kong comedy for a decade — a genuine all-rounder on both sides of the camera. He left film for business in the 1990s and died in September 2021, aged 72. 石天1949年出世，七十年代喺邵氏嶄露頭角，1980年夥拍麥嘉、黃百鳴創立新藝城，自導自演《滑稽時代》《追男仔》等喜劇，以市井小人物嘅喜感深受歡迎。新藝城十年間統領香港喜劇江湖，佢係幕前幕後樣樣精通嘅全才，九十年代淡出影壇轉戰商界，2021年9月離世，終年72歲。 ## 冼杞然 / Stephen Shin Kei-yin 1970–present. Stephen Shin Kei-yin, born in Macau in 1950, moved with his family to Wan Chai at seven and studied biology at Hong Kong Baptist College, where he sat in on drama classes and was recommended to write for Television Broadcasts. His first script, in 1970, became the station's first programme broadcast in colour. He switched to social science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, graduating in 1975, and spent four years as a director and writer at Television Broadcasts. He directed his first feature in 1979, briefly joined Radio Television Hong Kong in the mid-1980s, and in 1985 moved to D&B Films, becoming its executive director and head of production; he also helped found the Hong Kong Film Culture Centre and worked on the Hong Kong Film Awards. He directed a major historical epic starring Gong Li in 1994 and a gospel film in 2002, later serving as chief operating officer of Sil-Metropole and, from 2017 to 2019, as a member of the Hong Kong Film Development Council. 冼杞然1950年生於澳門，七歲隨家人移居香港灣仔，就讀慈幼學校及慈幼英文學校，其後修讀香港浸會書院生物系，曾旁聽鍾景輝嘅戲劇課並獲推薦為無綫電視創作劇本，1970年寫成首部作品《積善之家》，係無綫由黑白轉彩色播映嘅第一個節目。1971年轉讀香港中文大學社會科學，1975年畢業後加入無綫任導演編劇四年。1979年執導首部電影《冤家》，1982年完成《薄荷咖啡》後一度加入香港電台，1985年應岑建勳之邀入德寶電影公司，1987年任執行董事主理製作，亦協助成立香港電影文化中心、與《電影雙周刊》籌備香港電影金像獎。1994年執導鞏俐主演《西楚霸王》，2002年拍福音電影《源來是愛》，2010年代任銀都機構營運總裁，2017至2019年獲委任為香港電影發展局委員。 ## 葉健行 / . 葉健行 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 葉健行係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 舒適 / . 舒適 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 舒適係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 沈威 / Shum Wai 1970s–2022. Shum Wai (1948–2022), born Shum Tat-wai, was a Hong Kong actor and director. He entered films in the 1970s as a new actor at the Cathay studio to satisfy his love of acting, but found the treatment and pay discouraging and switched to stunt work and diving; from 1975 he was a clerk in Cathay's publicity department and from 1980 a legal executive. Returning to films in 1984 he acted while still working in a law firm, taking unpaid leave in 1986 to concentrate on shooting. His role as a double-dealing informer in a 1984 crime film directed by Johnny Mak won him best supporting actor at the 4th Hong Kong Film Awards in 1985, making his name; during the shoot the director had him tied to a petrol-soaked car and set alight, and his genuine panic became one of the film's highlights. He went on to play supporting and villainous roles and worked as producer, screenwriter under a pen name and action director, directing several films. He acted in more than a dozen television serials from 1994 to 1998, retired to Beijing in 2002 and briefly returned to acting in 2017. He died in Kwong Wah Hospital on 9 June 2022, aged 74. 沈威（1948–2022），原名沈達威，香港男演員兼導演。佢1970年代為滿足演戲興趣而投身電影圈，成為國泰電影公司新晉演員，但因自覺當演員委屈、薪酬不高而轉行，做過龍虎武師同潛水員，1975年起任國泰宣傳部文員，1980年起任職法律行政人員，1984年回歸影圈後一邊喺律師樓工作一邊拍戲，1986年更停薪留職專心拍攝。1984年佢參演麥當雄執導嘅《省港旗兵》，憑兩面派阿泰一角於1985年奪第4屆香港電影金像獎最佳男配角，一舉成名；拍攝時導演曾安排佢被綁喺淋滿汽油嘅車上點火，佢真實嘅驚慌表情成為電影亮點。此後佢長期演配角同反派，亦涉足監製、編劇（筆名霍敬堯）同武術指導，執導過《新龍爭虎鬥》等，副導演及導演作品合計七部。1994至1998年佢加入無綫電視演出十多部劇集，2002年淡出影視圈定居北京，2017年曾復出接拍內地劇。2022年6月9日佢喺廣華醫院離世，享壽74歲。 ## 夏永康 / . 夏永康 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 夏永康係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 冼志偉 / . A Hong Kong producer-director who worked under contract for Rediffusion Television and ATV and is recorded in reference works on Hong Kong film directors, Sin Chi-wai belonged to the producer-centred era of Hong Kong television, responsible for every step from script to broadcast. 冼志偉係香港影視製作人同導演，曾為麗的電視及亞洲電視嘅合約監製，名字亦見於香港電影導演文獻。喺電視劇仍以監製中心制運作嘅年代，佢哋負責由劇本到播出嘅每一個環節，係香港電視戲劇工業嘅中層骨幹。 ## 冼國林 / Checkley Sin Kwok-lam 2000s–present. Born in 1957, Checkley Sin Kwok-lam is a Hong Kong film producer and the presenter of The Legend Is Born: Ip Man, as well as a financial and current-affairs commentator. On 19 January 2022 he announced through an online platform that he would stand in the sixth Chief Executive election, only to withdraw less than three months later. In July 2025 the High Court made a bankruptcy order against him. 冼國林1957年生，係香港電影製作人，做過《葉問前傳》嘅出品人，亦係財經及時事評論員。2022年1月19日，佢經網絡渠道宣布角逐第六屆行政長官選舉，但唔夠三個月就退選；高等法院喺2025年7月21日頒令佢破產。 ## 薛覺先 / . 薛覺先 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 薛覺先係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 蕭笙 / Siu Sang 1970s–2000s. Born in 1927 as Siu Ling, Siu Sang began as a cinema usher and ticket-tearer before joining the film industry in the 1950s as a continuity man, assistant director and writer. Moving into television in the early 1970s, he produced long-form martial-arts serials at RTV — including The Legend of the Book and the Sword and Reincarnated — then worked at Commercial Television and, from 1981, at TVB, where his adaptations of Jin Yong's The Return of the Condor Heroes and Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils became landmarks and drew ratings in the sixties. He returned to ATV in 1992 and left in 1998. He died of liver cancer on 27 November 2004. 蕭笙1927年出世，原名蕭凌，係香港電視劇監製。佢做過戲院字幕員同撕票員，1950年代入電影圈，任場記、副導演同編劇。1970年代初電視業興起，佢加入麗的電視；1976年因為麗的未買金庸小說版權，佢轉投佳藝電視；1978年佳視倒閉，佢重返麗的，監製《天蠶變》、《大內群英》、《天龍訣》同《浣花洗劍錄》等長篇武俠劇。1981年佢轉投無綫電視，改編金庸作品嘅《天龍八部》同《神鵰俠侶》成為代表作，其中《神鵰俠侶》創下六十幾點收視。1992年佢重返亞洲電視，做到1998年被裁員。2004年11月27日，佢因肝癌惡化病逝。 ## 蘇怡 / . A Hong Kong film director whose name appears in specialist reference works, So Yi represents one more genuine creative attempt in Hong Kong's ever-growing filmography — and recording each such name is how the city honours its own screen history. 蘇怡係香港電影導演，名字見於香港電影導演嘅專門文獻。香港電影嘅目錄愈來愈長，每一個名字都代表一次真正嘅創作嘗試；將佢哋一一記低，正係呢個城市對自己影像歷史嘅責任。 ## 宋存壽 / Sung Tsun-shou 1950s–1980s. Born in 1930 in Jiangdu, Jiangsu, Sung Tsun-shou moved to Hong Kong in 1949 and studied at the Hong Kong College of Culture, where he befriended King Hu and Li Han-hsiang. He joined Si Wei in 1955 as a screenwriter and moved to Shaw Brothers in 1956 as writer and assistant director. Settling in Taiwan in 1963, he co-founded Grand Motion Picture with Li Han-hsiang, made his directing debut in 1966 and won acclaim as a 'literati director' with At Dawn the Next Day. His Qiong Yao adaptations include The Deep Garden and Outside the Window, the latter being Lin Ching-hsia's film debut. He received the Golden Horse Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001 and died in 2008 aged 77. 宋存壽1930年出世，江蘇江都人，1949年到香港，就讀香港文化專科學校，同胡金銓、李翰祥相熟。1955年入四維影片公司做編劇，1956年轉入邵氏任編劇同副導演。1963年赴台灣，同李翰祥合組國聯電影公司，1966年首次執導《天之驕女》，隔年《破曉時分》大獲好評，有「文人導演」之譽。瓊瑤電影《庭院深深》《窗外》都係佢執導，而《窗外》更加係林青霞嘅第一部電影。2001年獲第38屆金馬獎終身成就特別獎，2008年病逝，終年77歲。 ## 孫仲 / . 孫仲 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 孫仲係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 孫立基 / Christopher Sun 2000s–present. Born in 1967, Christopher Sun graduated from St. Paul's College and took a master's degree at Sheffield Hallam University, working as both director and cinematographer. He began in advertising production at Media Vision in 1988 and, after Star TV acquired the company in 1990, became programme operations officer for its Chinese channel, directing and producing programmes and station promos. In 2004 he was a television production consultant for Walt Disney Asia-Pacific, overseeing the Disney Park Magic World output. His 2011 film 3D Sex and Zen: Extreme Ecstasy topped the box office in both Hong Kong and Taiwan. 1967年出世，孫立基喺香港聖保羅書院畢業，之後赴英取得雪菲爾哈倫大學碩士學位，身兼電影攝影同導演。1988年佢加入廣視製作做廣告製作；1990年衛星電視收購廣視後，佢轉做衛星電視中文台嘅節目運作主任，負責執導同監製節目、衛視宣傳片。2004年佢出任華特迪士尼亞太區電視製作嘅創作及製作顧問，主理《迪士尼樂園奇妙世界》嘅出品。2011年佢執導《3D肉蒲團之極樂寶鑑》，上映後喺香港同台灣兩地都成為票房冠軍。 ## 新馬師曾 / Sun Ma Sze Tsang 1925–1997. Sun Ma Sze Tsang (1916–1997), born Tang Wing-cheung and known as Sun Ma Jai or Brother Cheung, was a Cantonese opera and film actor, operatic singer and philanthropist from Shunde, Guangdong, and the founding chairman of the Chinese Artists' Association of Hong Kong; he trained under Ho Sai-kei. His parents separated when he was eight: his gambling-addicted father was an opera devotee, his mother left to work as a domestic servant in Hong Kong, and the boy was mistreated by his stepmother until he ran away to live on the streets. In 1925, aged nine, he was taken in by itinerant performers and learned the trade; spotted by an established master while singing in teahouses, he was sent to study with a noted teacher, and after rigorous traditional training his skills advanced rapidly — by ten he was performing at a major theatre. He spent his life in charitable work, singing at fundraisers for the Tung Wah hospitals and a televised charity gala for many years, where his renditions of laments from Cantonese opera served as the finale and became deeply familiar to audiences, earning him the title of the charitable opera king. In the 1950s readers repeatedly voted him the leading civil and military male role, and he was chosen as one of the top Cantonese film and opera stars fourteen times. 新馬師曾（1916–1997），原名鄧永祥，暱稱「新馬仔」、「祥哥」，MBE，廣東順德人，係香港粵劇及電影男演員、粵曲演唱家、慈善家，香港八和會館創會理事會主席，曾拜何世杞為師。佢8歲時父母離異，父親鄧祺以賭為生且是粵劇迷，母親羅蓮離異後獨自住港當傭工，留在家中的鄧永祥常被庶母刻薄捱罵，終離家出走流浪街頭；1925年9歲嘅佢遇上江湖藝人收留並學藝，茶座表演期間獲老行尊何世杞賞識，經轉介到何壽年學藝，經傳統功架訓練後成績突進，10歲已在利舞臺戲院演出。新馬師曾一生積極行善，多次參與公開獻唱粵曲或演出粵劇嘅慈善籌款，包括多年參與東華三院及無綫電視舉辦嘅《歡樂滿東華》電視籌款節目，並獻唱《萬惡淫為首之乞食》、《光緒皇夜祭珍妃》、《臥薪嘗膽》、《胡不歸》及《客途秋恨》等作為壓軸環節，深入民心，故有「慈善伶王」稱號。1950年代佢多次獲讀者票選為「文武生王」，並於《華僑晚報》「十大明星選舉」中14度當選粵語十大（影劇）明星。 ## 宋豪輝 / . 宋豪輝 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 宋豪輝係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 宋金來 / . A Hong Kong film director recorded in the reference works on the city's cinema, Sung Kam-loi is one of many fleeting figures in Hong Kong film history whose handful of films still form part of the texture of the city's screen memory. 宋金來係香港電影導演，被收錄於香港電影導演嘅文獻。香港電影史入面有唔少一閃而過嘅創作身影，佢哋可能只留下幾部作品，卻同樣構成香港影像記憶嘅肌理；佢係其中一位。 ## 司徒永華 / Antony Szeto Wing-wah 2005–present. Antony Szeto Wing-wah, born in 1964, is a Hong Kong film director who mainly makes martial arts action films. He graduated from a martial arts academy that is now part of the Beijing Sport University, winning several competitions as a student, then studied film and finance in Australia and took a master's degree in Britain. He trained under the international action director Guy Norris, whose credits include The Lord of the Rings and Moulin Rouge. His debut feature, China's first 3D animated film, was voiced by Daniel Wu, Karen Mok, Stephen Fung and Sandra Ng, was selected as one of five Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan films at the 2005 Golden Rooster and Hundred Flowers festival, was nominated at the Golden Horse Awards and won a Hong Kong digital entertainment award, while he himself took the Australian Directors' Guild award for best new director in 2005. In 2008 he produced and released an action film starring Sammo Hung and produced by Jackie Chan. From 2010 he worked as a resident director for a Hollywood studio, making two films for the producer Roger Corman, and more recently served as action consultant or action director on Hollywood productions. 司徒永華1964年生，香港電影導演，主要拍攝武打電影。佢畢業於現為北京體育學院嘅武術學府，在學期間多次喺武術比賽中獲勝；畢業後赴澳洲升讀大學，修讀電影同財務雙主修，取得學士後再赴英國進修取得碩士，並曾拜師國際動作指導Guy Norris（《魔戒》系列、《紅磨坊》）。佢執導嘅處女作《龍刀傳奇》係中國第一部3D動畫電影，由吳彥祖、莫文蔚、馮德倫同吳君如配音，入選2005年金雞百花電影節港澳台地區五部電影之一，同年獲金馬獎提名並奪香港數碼娛樂傑出大獎，佢本人則奪2005年澳洲電影導演協會新導演獎。2008年佢製作及發行動作片《武術》，由洪金寶主演、成龍任製片人。2010年佢與ACE電影廠合作任常駐導演，為荷里活監製Roger Corman執導《鬼迷宮》同《猛龍追擊8小時》，近年參與《攻殼機動隊》動作顧問同《極悍巨鯊》中國動作指導。 ## 司徒克 / . 司徒克 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 司徒克係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 司徒慧敏 / . 司徒慧敏 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 司徒慧敏係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 司徒慧焯 / . A soul of Hong Kong theatre skilled in writing, directing and acting, he brought his craft to cinema with the 2016 film starring Francis Ng, about a father with dementia and his three sons, earning multiple award nominations. 司徒慧焯係香港舞台劇界嘅靈魂人物，編、導、演皆精，人稱「鬼才」。佢執導過大量膾炙人口嘅舞台作品，2016年將自己嘅故事搬上銀幕，執導吳鎮宇主演嘅《脫皮爸爸》，講一個患腦退化症嘅父親同三個兒子嘅和解，獲得多個電影獎項提名。佢持續喺舞台同電影之間游走，係香港劇場美學轉化到影視嘅重要推手。 ## 陳浩 / . 陳浩 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 陳浩係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 譚炳文 / Tam Ping-man 1950s–2020. Born in 1933 to a Xinhui family, Tam Ping-man was one of Hong Kong's rare all-round entertainers — announcer, dubbing artist, singer, actor and director — and the city's first horse-racing commentator. His voice accompanied Hong Kong for half a century, and his many dubbing students earned him the titles 'King of Dubbing' and 'Godfather of Dubbing'. He was remembered in TVB's 2021 tribute programme and at the 40th Hong Kong Film Awards the following year. He died in September 2020 aged 86. 譚炳文1933年出世，祖籍廣東新會，係香港少數涉足播音、配音、唱歌、演戲同導演嘅多棲藝人，亦係香港首位賽馬評述員。佢把聲陪伴香港人半個世紀，配音工作桃李滿門，行內尊稱佢做「配音王」同「配音教父」。2021年無綫電視綜藝節目《好聲好戲》、翌年第40屆香港電影金像獎嘅悼念環節，都有向佢致敬。佢2020年9月病逝，終年86歲。 ## 譚國明 / . 譚國明 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 譚國明係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 譚朗昌 / Tam Long-cheong 1970s–2000s. Tam Long-cheong was a producer at both TVB and ATV and served as ATV's chief assistant drama production director. Joining TVB in 1978 as an assistant director and production coordinator, he rose to director on several long-form serials. He moved to Singapore in 1984 to join the Singapore Broadcasting Corporation, and in 1989 made his feature directing debut with The Truest Love for Golden Harvest's Wing Go subsidiary, starring Maggie Cheung and Jacky Cheung; released in 1992, it took over HK$8 million. He joined ATV the same year, became a producer in 1992, and returned to TVB as a drama producer in the early 2000s. 譚朗昌做過香港無綫電視同亞洲電視嘅監製，仲擔任過亞洲電視首席助理戲劇製作總監一職。1978年佢入無綫電視，先後做助理編導同製作統籌，之後升上編導，執導唔少長篇電視劇。1984年轉去新加坡，加入當地嘅新加坡廣播局。1989年首次做電影導演，為永高電影公司拍《真的愛你》，由張曼玉、張學友主演，影片1992年上映，香港票房錄得八百幾萬。佢同年轉投亞洲電視，1992年開始做監製；2000年代初曾經返無綫電視出任劇集監製。 ## 譚伯葉 / Tam Pak Yip 1930s–1983. Tam Pak Yip (1908–1983) was a native of Kaiping in Guangdong province, chairman of the Hong Kong film producers' association and a standing council member of a Hong Kong music and Cantonese operatic arts association. Educated at Pui Ching Middle School in Guangzhou, he spent most of his life organising record recordings, handling in particular a great quantity of Cantonese opera, operatic song and Guangdong instrumental music. He took part in the Canton–Hong Kong general strike of the mid-1920s, and after the Mukden Incident he oversaw the recording of dozens of patriotic records, including the celebrated exile trilogy that opened with a song of the Songhua River, produced to support resistance propaganda. In 1983 he returned to Guangzhou from Hong Kong and, falling ill, was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen Medical College, where he died in the early hours of 10 May 1983, aged 75; more than 250 people attended a memorial service at the Guangzhou funeral parlour on 16 May. Moving between the record and film production worlds, he also appeared in films and sang Cantonese operatic numbers, leaving a large legacy of Cantonese opera and operatic song recordings from the pre- and post-war decades. 譚伯葉（1908–1983），廣東省開平縣人，係香港電影製片商會理事長、香港音樂曲藝協會常務理事。佢在廣州培正中學讀書，一生大部分時間在組織灌錄唱片，尤其經手大量粵劇、曲藝和廣東音樂。譚伯葉曾參加省港大罷工；九一八事變後，佢主持灌錄流亡三部曲《松花江上》、《保家鄉》、《歸不得家鄉》等數十張愛國唱片，以唱片發行支援抗日宣傳。1983年佢由香港返回廣州，因病進入廣州中山醫學院附屬第一醫院，搶救無效在1983年5月10日凌晨2時逝世，享年75歲；同月16日上午在廣州殯儀館舉行追悼會，有250多人參加。佢多年來在唱片與電影製片兩個界別之間穿梭，亦曾參與電影演出及粵曲演唱，為戰前後省港唱片工業留下大量粵劇與曲藝錄音。 ## 譚家明 / . Patrick Tam, born in 1948, began at TVB and debuted with The Sword (1980); Nomad (1982), with Leslie Cheung and Patricia Ha, unleashed the New Wave's boldest youth statement and foreshadowed Wong Kar-wai's aesthetics. After This Our Life (2006) won Best Film and Best Director at the Hong Kong Film Awards. Also a master editor and longtime teacher at City University, he has nurtured a generation of filmmakers. 譚家明1948年出世，TVB出身，1980年以《名劍》執導出道，1982年《烈火青春》同張國榮、夏文汐掀起新浪潮最前衛嘅青春風暴，亦係王家衛《阿飛正傳》美學嘅先聲。2006年《父子》再奪金像獎最佳電影同最佳導演。佢同時係出色嘅剪接指導，多年來喺城市大學任教，培育大批後進。 ## 譚友六 / . 譚友六 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 譚友六係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 譚惠貞 / Tam Wai-ching 2010s–present. Born in 1984, Tam Wai-ching is a Hong Kong screenwriter and director who graduated with first-class honours in creative media from City University of Hong Kong. Before film she published several novels under the pen name Blue Sky. Her screenwriting credits include The White Storm, Call of Heroes and Operation Mekong, the last earning a Hundred Flowers Award nomination for best screenplay. Her directorial debut, Somewhere Beyond the Mist (2017), came from the second First Feature Film Initiative and brought her an Asia-Pacific Film Festival nomination for best screenplay; in 2019 she produced, wrote and directed the series The Republic. 1984年出世，譚惠貞係香港女導演兼電影編劇，喺香港城市大學嘅創意媒體電影藝術系以一級榮譽畢業。讀電影之前，佢用「藍天」做筆名，喺香港出過好幾本小說，例如《黑夜中的挑燈者》、《花葬》、《我跟寂寞戀愛》等。編劇作品包括《危城》、《湄公河行動》、《掃毒》，並憑《湄公河行動》獲百花獎最佳編劇提名。佢執導嘅第一部電影係第二屆首部劇情電影計劃得獎項目《以青春的名義》（2017），同時入圍第58屆亞太影展嘅最佳編劇；2019年佢為電視劇《理想國》兼任監製、編劇同導演。 ## 鄧衍成 / Billy Tang Hin-shing 1980s–2020. Born in 1951, Billy Tang Hin-shing was a Hong Kong film director known for a forceful personal style and for 'exploitation' pictures that fuse extreme violence with sexual content. His films probe the dark side of human nature through graphic brutality, earning him the titles 'Hong Kong's number-one killing director' and 'the No. 1 director of Hong Kong crime films'. His credits include Dr. Lamb, made with Danny Lee, on which he served as executive director, as well as Red to Kill, Underground Judgement, The Untold Story of the Thirteen Taipans of Tsz Wan Shan, and many others. He died on 1 July 2020. 1951年出世嘅鄧衍成，係香港電影導演，個人風格強烈，最擅長拍將極端暴力同情色元素混合嘅「剝削電影」：作品往往用極致暴力去刻畫人性陰暗面，畫面異常殘虐，藉此挑戰觀眾心理極限，因此得到「香港第一殺人導演」同「香港罪案電影第一導」兩個稱號。代表作有佢任執行導演、同李修賢合作嘅《羔羊醫生》，亦有《烏鼠：機密檔案》、《慈雲山十三太保》、《弱殺》、《古惑女之決戰江湖》、《炭燒凶咒》同《黑獄斷腸歌之砌生豬肉》等。佢喺2020年7月1日離世。 ## 鄧景生 / . Edward Tang, born in Macau in 1946, worked as a sailor and salesman before joining TVB's screenwriting programme in 1978 and later Golden Harvest. As Jackie Chan's house screenwriter for over thirty years, he wrote Project A, Police Story, Armour of God and CZ12, giving Chan's action comedies their everyman-grit backbone. He also wrote lyrics — including the theme song of Rouge (1987), commissioned by composer Lai Siu-tin. 鄧景生1946年生於澳門，做過海員同推銷員，1978年入無綫編劇訓練班，輾轉經佳藝加入嘉禾，係成龍合作三十餘年嘅御用編劇，《A計劃》《警察故事》《飛鷹計劃》到《十二生肖》都出自佢筆下，為成龍嘅動作喜劇奠定「小人物搏命」嘅劇本骨架。佢亦多才多藝，電影《胭脂扣》同名主題曲就係黎小田邀請佢填嘅詞。 ## 鄧光榮 / Alan Tang 1963–1993. Alan Tang Kwong-wing (1946–2011) was born in Guangzhou to the family that owned the Tai Ping cinema there, and grew up in Mong Kok. In 1963 he sat the casting call for the film The Student Prince and was chosen from more than a thousand applicants, earning the nickname 'Student Prince'. In the 1970s he made more than thirty romantic films in Taiwan opposite stars such as Chen Chen, Brigitte Lin and Joan Lin, becoming a major Chinese screen idol. Returning to Hong Kong in 1977 he founded the Dung Wing film company, whose gangland stories about loyalty and brotherhood included A Man Should Never Give Up, The Truth and Flaming Brothers. In 1987 he set up Movie Impact; the screenplay of Flaming Brothers was written by Wong Kar-wai, whose talent he spotted and whose As Tears Go By and Days of Being Wild he then financed. Days of Being Wild cost HK$40 million and took only HK$9 million, a heavy loss for him, yet it won Best Film and other top prizes at the 10th Hong Kong Film Awards. He faded from the industry after 1993 and died of heart disease in March 2011, aged 64. 鄧光榮1946年生於廣州，籍貫廣東順德，父親係廣州太平戲院老闆，佢童年在旺角長大，讀德明中學小學部同新法書院。1963年佢為電影《學生王子》應考，喺上千名考生中脫穎而出，自此有「學生王子」之稱。1970年代佢到台灣拍攝三十多部文藝片，同甄珍、林青霞、林鳳嬌等合作，奠定華人影壇巨星地位。1977年佢返港成立大榮電影公司，作品多以黑道故事為背景表達人間情誼，包括《無毒不丈夫》、《義蓋雲天》同《江湖龍虎鬥》。1987年佢成立影之傑製作有限公司，《江湖龍虎鬥》嘅編劇王家衛令他發現其才華，於是資助王家衛開拍《旺角卡門》同《阿飛正傳》；《阿飛正傳》耗資四千萬但票房只有九百萬，令佢嚴重虧損，但該片奪得第十屆香港電影金像獎最佳電影等大獎。佢1993年後淡出影圈，2011年3月因心臟病逝世，終年六十四歲。 ## 唐龍 / . 唐龍 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 唐龍係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 唐書璇 / 1960s–1970s. Born in 1938, Cecile Tang Shu-shuen is a Chinese-American director, writer and producer, a pioneer of the Hong Kong New Wave and one of the few women directing in the city's male-dominated industry. Her 1970 film The Arch fused Eastern aesthetics with Western narrative and was selected for Cannes, Locarno, San Francisco and Mannheim; it is regarded as a landmark of Chinese-language art cinema that deeply influenced later New Wave directors. She is the sister of fashion designer Tang Shu-kwan. 唐書璇1938年出世，美籍華裔導演、編劇兼製片，係香港新浪潮嘅先驅，亦係當年男性主導嘅影壇中少數嘅女性導演。1970年佢執導《董夫人》，將東方美學同西方敘事熔為一體，先後入選坎城、盧卡諾、舊金山同曼海姆等國際影展，被譽為華語電影史上重要嘅藝術電影，對後來嘅香港新浪潮導演影響深遠。佢係時裝設計師唐書琨嘅妹妹。 ## 鄧特希 / Gary Tang Tuck-hei 1981–present. Gary Tang Tuck-hei, born in 1962, is a Hong Kong television writer, director and producer known for dramas about middle-class professionals. Raised in Wan Chai and Quarry Bay, he volunteered as a projectionist at the Hong Kong Film Culture Centre after secondary school and joined Television Broadcasts' scriptwriting course in 1981; his early credits include two of the station's biggest 1980s serials. He moved to Asia Television in 1989 and returned to Television Broadcasts in 1991 as a creative director, being promoted to producer in 1992 with a legal drama series that made his name; a medical drama later became another ratings and critical success. He left in 2000 to set up his own studio, partnered briefly with Wong Jing and Andrew Lau, worked in the Singapore market and made a feature film. After producing a series for Asia Television in 2008–09, unpaid wages led to a labour prosecution; he pleaded guilty in 2011 and was fined HK$4,000. 鄧特希1962年生，香港電視劇編劇、導演同監製，以中產及專業人士題材見稱。佢喺灣仔同鰂魚涌長大，讀軒尼詩道官立小學同文理書院，中五畢業後喺香港電影文化中心做放映義工，1981年憑《妙手神偷》故事通過無綫電視編劇招募班面試入行，早期參與《新紮師兄》、《義不容情》等創作。1989年佢跳槽亞洲電視，1991年重返無綫出任創作主任，1992年獲安排試升監製，開拍《壹號皇庭》而嶄露頭角，日後《妙手仁心》同樣叫好叫座。2000年佢離開無綫，成立鄧特希工作室，曾與王晶、劉偉強合組製作公司，並轉戰新加坡市場，其後拍攝電影《俠骨仁心》。2008至2009年為亞洲電視監製《法網群英》後因欠薪被勞工處票控，2011年在觀塘裁判法院認罪罰款四千元。 ## 鄧榮銾 / Charles Tang Wing-hung 1973–present. Charles Tang Wing-hung, born in 1951, is a Hong Kong voice actor, screenwriter and director; his son is also a voice actor. He studied at a Catholic boys' school in Kowloon where he often took part in speech and debating contests, and after leaving in 1970 he joined a radio drama while teaching English and mathematics at a Tsuen Wan school and working part-time in broadcasting. He completed a pre-university course in 1971, joined Television Broadcasts' second acting course in 1972 and entered its Cantonese dubbing unit in 1973 as the second disciple of veteran voice actor Ting Yu. From 1978 to 1993 he was Jackie Chan's designated Cantonese voice, dubbing his films, and from 1983 he worked freelance while writing and directing films; his first screenplay helped its lead actor win a Golden Horse best actor award, and his second, co-written with Luk Kim-ming, won the best screenplay prize at the 5th Hong Kong Film Awards. He has also directed and produced features and repeatedly taught on the station's dubbing courses. 鄧榮銾1951年生，係香港男配音員、編劇同導演，兒子鄧肇基亦為配音員。佢早年就讀聖芳濟書院，在校時經常參加演講同辯論比賽；1970年中五畢業後報名參加電台廣播劇《天才聽眾廣播劇》，同時在一所聖思定英文中學荃灣分校教授英文同數學，並兼職廣播。1971年佢完成珠海書院台灣大學十大聯考先修班課程，1972年投考無綫電視第2期藝員訓練班，1973年加入無綫粵語配音組，係資深配音員丁羽嘅二徒弟（大徒弟為林保全）。1978至1993年佢被成龍指定為其電影角色配音，配演過《蛇形刁手》、《A計劃》同《警察故事》等作品；1983年起佢任自由身配音員，並參與電影編劇同導演工作，首次編寫嘅劇本《公僕》造就李修賢奪台灣金馬獎最佳男主角，第二個劇本《錯點鴛鴦》更與陸劍明同奪第5屆香港電影金像獎最佳編劇。佢亦執導《爛賭財神》、《三無流浪記》，並監製《新羔羊醫生》、《功夫食神》，又多次擔任無綫粵語配音藝員訓練班導師。 ## 湯曉丹 / . Born in 1910 in Fujian and raised in Indonesia, Tang Xiaodan was a 'living fossil' of Chinese cinema spanning Shanghai, Hong Kong and the PRC. His breakthrough came at Shanghai's Tianyi studio in 1932, when he took over the ill director's job on Bai Jin Long. Invited to Hong Kong in 1934, he directed Hu Tu Wai Jiao and Fan Tian Fu Di, and his 1937 Hua Kai Fu Gui was Hong Kong's first Lunar New Year-titled film. When Hong Kong fell in 1942, he escaped to Chongqing under an alias rather than make propaganda for the Japanese. He later became a master of PRC war films (South China Battle, Reconnaissance Across the Yangtze, Red Sun), won the 1984 Golden Rooster Best Director for Liao Zhongkai, and lived to 102. 湯曉丹1910年生於福建華安，幼年僑居印尼，係跨越上海、香港同新中國嘅電影「活化石」。1932年喺上海天一影片公司頂替患病導演拍《白金龍》一舉成名；1934年應邀來港執導《糊塗外交》《翻天覆地》，1937年嘅《花開富貴》更係香港影壇首部以吉祥話入片名嘅賀歲電影。香港淪陷時日方逼佢拍《香港攻略》，佢改名換姓逃亡重慶。戰後赴上海，後以《南征北戰》《渡江偵察記》《紅日》成為新中國戰爭片大師，1984年憑《廖仲愷》奪金雞獎最佳導演，享壽102歲。 ## 陶傑 / Chip Tsao 1970s–present. Chip Tsao, born Tso Chik in Hong Kong in 1958 and also writing as Yang Fei-kip, is a Hong Kong writer and media figure. Raised near Morrison Hill Road in Wan Chai, he began publishing as a schoolboy and won the 1976 territory-wide secondary school essay competition with 'Elegy of a House'. He left for Britain at seventeen, took a BA in English literature at Warwick, studied international relations at the London School of Economics and spent eight years with the BBC while also serving as RTHK's London correspondent. Invited back by the martial-arts novelist Jin Yong in 1991, he became deputy editor of Ming Pao's supplement, later held the same post at Wah Kiu Yat Po and was political editor of the English-language Eastern Express. His columns ran for years in Apple Daily, Next Magazine and am730, and he long hosted Commercial Radio's Above the Skies. His essay collection 'The Thames' won the third Hong Kong Biennial Award for Chinese Literature, and he moved to Britain in 2021. 陶傑原名曹捷，1958年喺香港出世，另有筆名楊非劫、蔣壹礁，係香港作家同傳媒人。佢童年住灣仔摩利臣山道一帶，中學時期開始投稿，以散文《屋之輓歌》奪得1976年全港中學生徵文比賽冠軍。十七歲佢負笈英國，先後喺華威大學取得英國文學學士學位、喺倫敦政治經濟學院修讀國際關係，之後喺英國廣播公司任職八年，並兼任香港電台駐英記者。1991年佢應武俠小說家金庸邀請返港，出任《明報》副刊副總編輯，其後做過《華僑日報》副總編輯同《東快訊》政治編輯，長期為《蘋果日報》、《壹週刊》、《am730》等撰寫專欄，並主持商業電台節目《光明頂》多年。散文集《泰晤士河畔》獲第三屆香港中文文學雙年獎，2021年佢移居英國。 ## 狄龍 / . 狄龍 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 狄龍係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 田豐 / . 田豐 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 田豐係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 田啟文 / Tenky Tin 1979–present. Tenky Tin, born in 1961 and nicknamed Field Chicken, is a Hong Kong actor and film executive who was one of the principals of Stephen Chow's Star Overseas company, handling publicity, business development, artiste management and production planning. He has served as president and remains spokesman of the Federation of Hong Kong Filmmakers, sits on the Hong Kong Film Awards board as a representative of the film production administrators' association, chaired the federation's seventh executive committee from 2017 to 2019, and was formerly the manager of the star Ronald Cheng. At Star Overseas he was Chow's most trusted lieutenant; he has since set up his own company, continuing to develop film projects, and is best known on screen as the third senior brother in Shaolin Soccer. One of five children, Tin grew up in a small house beside the Kowloon Tong railway station where the family also grew crops, later moving to squatter areas in Kowloon Bay and Kwun Tong and then to a resettlement block in Sau Mau Ping. He left secondary school in Form Two because of the family's poverty and went to work in a teahouse, studying at night school to finish junior secondary; after three years as a dim sum apprentice and waiter he was promoted to head of the rice-noodle roll station. He entered television at eighteen and later worked his way up from stuntman and production assistant, joining Chow's company in the 1990s as long-serving production manager. 田啟文1961年生，綽號「田雞」，係香港演員及電影人，曾是周星馳所屬之星輝海外有限公司負責人之一，負責形象推廣、業務拓展、演藝經紀及至影片嘅監制策劃等。佢曾任香港電影工作者總會會長，現任該會發言人，亦代表香港電影製作行政人員協會任香港電影金像獎董事局董事，並曾任香港電影工作者總會第七屆執行委員會（2017年至2019年）會長，以及紅星鄭中基嘅前經理人；任職星輝時佢係周星馳最信賴嘅人和得力下屬，目前已自立門戶，創辦「腦力工作室有限公司」繼續發展電影事業，其較為人熟知嘅代表作係電影《少林足球》中嘅「三師兄」。田啟文有四名弟妹，早年在九龍塘火車站旁邊嘅小屋居住和種植農作物，後來移居九龍灣木屋區、觀塘雞寮徙置區，青年時期遷居至秀茂坪徙置區21座；他小學畢業後到昔日位於何文田嘅樂道中學就讀初中，讀至中二時因為家窮而輟學，開始在酒茶居工作攢錢，同時在觀塘裕民坊銀都戲院樓上嘅重生中學讀夜校完成初中學業。佢在茶居任職點心學徒兼侍應，三年後升為腸粉師傅，18歲時加入電視圈，其後由龍虎武師同場記做起，九十年代加入星輝公司，長期擔任周星馳嘅製作統籌同公司高層。 ## 丁善璽 / . 丁善璽 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 丁善璽係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 杜琪峯 / Johnnie To 1980s–present. Johnnie To, born in 1955, began as a messenger boy at TVB and trained under veteran director Wong Tin-lam before All About Ah-Long (1989) moved audiences across Hong Kong. In 1996 he co-founded Milkyway Image with Wai Ka-fai, forging a cool, kinetic auteur brand with Too Many Ways to Be No. 1, Running Out of Time, PTU and Election, elevating the Hong Kong crime genre to international festival prominence with regular selections at Cannes, Berlin and Venice. Renowned for his disciplined, lightning-fast studio system, he has also nurtured a new generation of filmmakers through initiatives such as the Fresh Wave festival, making him a pivotal bridge between Hong Kong cinema's generations. 杜琪峯1955年出世，十七歲入無綫電視做信差，後轉任編導，跟隨名導王天林學藝，1989年憑《阿郎的故事》打動萬千觀眾。1996年同韋家輝創立銀河映像，以《一個字頭的誕生》《暗戰》《PTU》《黑社會》等作品建立冷峻凌厲嘅作者風格，將港產警匪類型片提升至國際影展水平，多次入選康城、柏林同威尼斯競賽。佢嘅片廠制度同快而準嘅拍攝效率冠絕影圈，多年來透過「鮮浪潮」等計劃培育新一代電影人，係香港電影工業承先啟後嘅關鍵人物。 ## 杜國威 / Raymond To Kwok-wai 1979–present. Raymond To Kwok-wai, born in 1946, is one of Hong Kong's foremost playwrights and screenwriters. He began performing in radio drama at six for Radio Television Hong Kong and RTV, earning the nickname of the child prodigy of broadcasting, and only started primary school at eight; he studied at two schools in Kowloon and finished secondary school in 1965, having worked in radio throughout his childhood. One of twelve siblings, he had a celebrated broadcaster for an elder sister and as a boy appeared in two films. He graduated in geography from the University of Hong Kong in 1971 and later from the Chinese University of Hong Kong's education faculty, applied unsuccessfully for a museum post, then taught for seventeen years in night schools and a secondary school where he ran the drama club and taught, among others, Andy Lau. A 1979 short play won a Hong Kong Repertory Theatre award for outstanding new writing; in 1992 he won a prestigious Asian Cultural Council fellowship to study in New York, and from 1993 worked full time in theatre as playwright-in-residence at the Hong Kong Repertory Theatre. His best-known works include landmark stage plays and films about Cantonese opera and the 1960s, two of which won him Hong Kong Film Awards for best screenplay. 杜國威1946年生，係香港著名編劇。佢六歲開始參與香港電台及麗的呼聲嘅廣播劇演出，有「播音神童」之稱，八歲才入讀一年級；曾就讀金銀業貿易場學校同新法書院，1965年中五畢業，六至十三歲期間一直參與廣播工作。佢有十一名兄姊，其中胞姊為著名播音員梅梓（杜燕芝）；童年時亦曾演出電影《飄萍恨》、《遺腹子》。杜國威1971年畢業於香港大學地理系，1982年畢業於香港中文大學教育學院，先應徵博物館館長一職，再於夜校及可立中學任教十七年，並負責學校劇社，學生包括劉德華、黃洋達。1979年其短劇《球》獲選為香港話劇團優秀創作劇本；1992年考獲「亞洲文化協會利希慎留美獎學金」到紐約深造，1993年全職投身戲劇，為香港話劇團駐團編劇。代表作有《虎度門》、《人間有情》、《我和春天有個約會》、《聊齋新誌》同《南海十三郎》等，其侄女為杜雯惠。 ## 杜平 / . 杜平 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 杜平係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 杜韋達 / . 杜韋達 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 杜韋達係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 杜汶澤 / Chapman To 1994–present. Chapman To Man-chak, born Ng Cheuk-cheung in 1972 at Kwong Wah Hospital in Yau Ma Tei where his father ran a fruit stall, is a Hong Kong actor, director and television host. Educated at Diocesan Preparatory School and Diocesan Boys' School, he took his stage name from the racehorse 'Chapman To' reversed. In 1994, while working as a decorator, he was discovered when he painted the home of television producer Siu Kin-hang and joined ATV, coming to notice in My Date with a Vampire. His turn as 'Simple-minded Keung' in Infernal Affairs (2002) made his name and brought a Best Supporting Actor nomination at the Hong Kong Film Awards, while Initial D (2005) endeared him to younger audiences. Vulgaria (2012) took over HK$30 million at the box office and won him his first Hong Kong Film Critics Society Best Actor award for DIVA. He made his directing debut in 2016 and wrote, directed and starred in The Empty Hands (2017). Barred from the mainland over his support for the democracy movement, he moved to Taiwan in 2020. 杜汶澤原名吳卓彰，1972年喺油麻地廣華醫院出世，父親喺油麻地經營生果欄；佢小學讀拔萃小學、中學讀拔萃男書院，藝名取自馬匹「澤汶渡」嘅倒序。1994年佢仲做緊裝修工人時，因為幫電視台監製蕭鍵鏗裝修而被發掘加入亞洲電視，憑《我和殭屍有個約會》嘅金正中也漸為人識。2002年佢喺《無間道》演「傻強」成名，獲提名香港電影金像獎最佳男配角；2005年《頭文字D》嘅「阿木」深入民心。2012年主演《低俗喜劇》票房突破三千萬，同年憑《DIVA華麗之後》首次獲香港電影評論學會大獎最佳男演員。2016年佢首次執導《開飯啦！》，2017年自編自導自演《空手道》。佢因為聲援民主運動被內地封殺，2020年移居台灣。 ## 杜玉貞 / . A Hong Kong film director whose name appears in the reference catalogues of the city's cinema, To Yuk-ching is part of a slow but real expansion — women directors have long been a minority in Hong Kong, and every recorded name marks a step in widening that map. 杜玉貞係香港電影導演，名字見於香港電影導演嘅文獻目錄。喺香港影壇，女性導演長期屬於少數，每個名字都得來不易；佢嘅紀錄提醒我哋，香港電影嘅性別版圖係一步一步咁擴闊。 ## 唐基明 / Terry Tong Kei-ming 1969–present. Terry Tong Kei-ming, born in 1950, is one of the directors associated with the Hong Kong New Wave, a former producer in the drama division of Television Broadcasts and now a producer and production head at Shaw Brothers. Educated at Ying Wa College with a lawyer for an elder brother, he graduated from the fourth actor training class of RTV in 1969 and took a fine arts degree at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1975, the year he joined Television Broadcasts as a researcher before moving to its publicity department. In 1978 he moved to Commercial Television to direct a martial arts serial, and after that station closed he joined RTV for a run of acclaimed wuxia dramas. He first directed a feature in 1980 though the company changed hands mid-shoot; two years later he completed his genuine debut, followed by several dramas and romantic comedies, earning a number of Hong Kong Film Awards nominations and prizes. He also shot the second half of a landmark New Wave film when its original director exhausted the budget. From 1993 to 2002 he directed dramas for the anti-corruption agency's community relations department, then produced serials at Television Broadcasts until 2012, when he moved to the mainland. He teaches at a film school and joined Shaw Brothers in 2021. 唐基明1950年生，係香港新浪潮電影導演之一，曾任無綫電視戲劇組監製，現為邵氏兄弟電影監製兼製作總監。佢早年就讀英華書院，胞兄唐基德係律師；1969年畢業於麗的映聲第四期藝員訓練班，1975年完成香港中文大學藝術系學士學位，同年加入無綫電視任資料搜集組員工，其後調職宣傳部。1978年佢轉到佳藝電視，擔任《流星蝴蝶劍》導演；佳視倒閉後到麗的電視，參與《沈勝衣》、《天蠶變》、《天龍訣》等劇集製作。1980年佢首次執導電影《追捕》（拍到一半公司易手），兩年後拍成真正第一部電影《殺出西營盤》，其後執導《女人風情話》、《雞鴨戀》，並曾獲香港電影金像獎多項提名與獎項。另外《烈火青春》拍到一半因導演譚家明花光預算，投資方找唐基明為此片收尾。1993至2002年佢為廉政公署社區關係處擔任劇集導演，2003年加入無綫任劇集監製，2012年離開無綫前往內地發展。佢現為香港浸會大學電影學院講師，2021年加盟邵氏兄弟。 ## 唐季禮 / Stanley Tong 1990–present. Stanley Tong, born in Hong Kong in 1960 to a family from Enping, Guangdong, is a director known for action films. He began working in film in 1979, first at a television station and then behind the scenes for various companies — as stunt actor, stunt double, continuity man, assistant director, producer and screenwriter at Shaw Brothers, Golden Harvest, TVB and RTV — and doubled for stars such as Chow Yun-fat, Maggie Cheung, Cherie Chung and Leslie Cheung. In 1990 he financed and directed his debut feature, which won critical praise and an invitation to join Golden Harvest. Police Story III: Super Cop (1992) broke box-office records across Southeast Asia and was nominated for Best Film at the Golden Horse Awards, while Rumble in the Bronx (1995) and Police Story 4: First Strike (1996) took some HK$56.9 million and HK$57.5 million and brought him Best Action Choreography at the Hong Kong Film Awards and Best Action Direction at the Golden Horse Awards; later works include The Myth and Kung Fu Yoga. 唐季禮1960年生於香港，籍貫廣東恩平，係以動作片見稱嘅香港導演。佢1979年開始參與電影拍攝，先喺電視台工作，亦為多家電影公司做幕後，曾喺邵氏、嘉禾、無綫電視同麗的電視當武打演員、武師替身、場記、副導演、製片同編劇，期間做過周潤發、張曼玉、鍾楚紅、張國榮等人嘅替身。1990年佢自資執導處女作《魔域飛龍》，獲影評人好評，因而獲嘉禾邀請加盟；1992年執導《警察故事III超級警察》，打破多個東南亞國家嘅票房紀錄，並獲提名台灣金馬獎最佳電影。其後《紅番區》（1995）同《警察故事4之簡單任務》（1996）分別取得五千六百多萬同五千七百多萬港元票房，為佢帶來香港電影金像獎最佳動作設計同金馬獎最佳動作指導等獎項；後期作品包括《神話》同《功夫瑜伽》。 ## 湯德培 / . 湯德培 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 湯德培係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 唐滌生 / Tong Dik-sang 1937–1959. Tong Dik-sang (1917–1959), born Tong Hong-nin, was a Hong Kong playwright for Cantonese opera, of Xiangshan (now Tangjiawan in Zhuhai) ancestry though reportedly born in Ning'an, Jilin. He blended literary craft with cinematic art and did much to develop Cantonese opera. According to his widow, he was born on 18 June 1917, but scholars believe he was probably born in Shanghai and only returned to Zhongshan for school in 1935. As a student at a memorial school in Cuiheng village he was elected student council chairman, led student movements against authoritarian school governance and rallied students and villagers to support resistance against Japan. In early 1937 he went to Shanghai, studied at an art college and a university, and joined a theatre troupe active in Beijing opera, spoken drama and film. Forced to leave his studies when Japan invaded, he went south to Hong Kong, found his cousin Tong Suet-hing and joined the troupe she ran with her husband Sit Kok-sin as a music copyist and trainee, learning playwriting from established masters. He soon wrote his first opera, starring a celebrated male lead, and began his career as a playwright. In 1956, when Yam Kim-fai and Pak Suet-sin founded the Sin Fung Ming troupe, they hired him as resident playwright; for them he wrote classics including a Dream of the Red Chamber adaptation, The Princess Changping, The Purple Hairpin and a sequel legend. His elegant language and deep portrayal of emotion made him the genre's master. On the night of 14 September 1959, during the premiere of his new work, he suffered a cerebral haemorrhage and died the next day, aged 42. 唐滌生（1917–1959），原名唐康年，香港粵劇劇作家，籍貫廣東香山（今珠海市唐家灣），在吉林省寧安縣出生；佢能糅合文學與電影藝術，為粵劇藝術嘅發展作出不少貢獻。據唐氏遺孀鄭孟霞所說，唐滌生於1917年6月18日出生，但亦有學者推斷佢大概在上海出生，直至1935年才回到廣東中山上學。他年少時在中山縣翠亨村紀念中學唸書，曾獲選為學生會主席，主持學生運動、推動反對專制治校嘅「護校運動」和號召學生及鄉民支持抗日。1937年初佢到上海，先後入讀白鶴美術專科學校及滬江大學，並加入「湖光劇團」，活躍於京劇、話劇和電影圈中。1937年夏天因日軍侵華被逼輟學，南下香港，找到堂姐唐雪卿，加入唐雪卿和丈夫薛覺先創辦嘅「覺先聲男女劇團」任抄曲員及實習生，隨麥嘯霞、南海十三郎、馮志芬等人學習寫戲。不久佢寫成第一部粵劇作品《江城解語花》，由「小生王」白駒榮主演，從此展開編劇生涯。1956年任劍輝與白雪仙成立「仙鳳鳴劇團」，聘唐滌生為駐團編劇，佢為仙鳳鳴編寫《紅樓夢》、《牡丹亭驚夢》、《蝶影紅梨記》、《帝女花》、《紫釵記》、《再世紅梅記》、《九天玄女》等著名劇目；由於辭藻秀麗、深入描寫人物情感，自創風格，終成一代宗師。1959年9月14日晚，其新作《再世紅梅記》首演期間，唐滌生突發腦出血，延至9月15日逝世，終年42歲。 ## 曾志偉 / . Eric Tsang, born in 1953, entered the industry as a kung-fu stuntman before reinventing himself as a comedian, his short frame and quick wit becoming a signature. His performance in Patrick Tam's Alan and Eric (1991) won him Best Actor at the 11th Hong Kong Film Awards, proving a comedian could deliver profound drama, while the Lucky Stars series cemented his comic persona. From the 1990s he hosted the hugely popular Super Trio game-show franchise, becoming one of Hong Kong television's most beloved variety hosts, while serving in key industry roles including chairman of the Hong Kong Film Awards Association and mentoring countless newcomers. 曾志偉1953年出世，由龍虎武師入行，七十年代中期轉型喜劇演出，以矮小靈活嘅身形同機靈急才自成一格。1991年譚家明執導嘅《雙城故事》令佢摘下第十一屆香港電影金像獎最佳男主角，證明喜劇演員一樣有深刻演技；《五福星》系列等作品則奠定佢嘅喜劇地位。九十年代起佢主持《獎門人》系列遊戲節目，成為香港電視史上最受歡迎嘅綜藝主持人之一，同時長年投身影圈公職，歷任香港電影金像獎協會主席等要職，提攜後輩無數。 ## 曾謹昌 / . 曾謹昌 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 曾謹昌係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 曾江 / Kenneth Tsang 1950s–2022. Kenneth Tsang Kong (1934–2022), born Tsang Kwun-yat in Shanghai and known to the industry as 'Ken Gor', died at the Kowloon Hotel in Tsim Sha Tsui on 27 April 2022, aged 88. His family came from Jida in Xiangshan, Guangdong; his great-grandfather was the Qing minister to the United States Liang Cheng and his father was a Vietnamese-Chinese merchant in Shanghai. Settling in Hong Kong with his family during the 1948 influx, he lived in a large house on Babington Road in Central and Western district and studied at Lingnan Middle School and Wah Yan College, later taking a degree in architecture at the University of California, Berkeley. He began appearing in films in the 1950s and from the 1960s worked steadily in Hong Kong and Taiwan, his height and fluent English suiting him to warlords, tycoons and professionals; his Huang Yaoshi in the TV adaptation of The Legend of the Condor Heroes is fondly remembered. In 2015 he won Best Supporting Actor at the 34th Hong Kong Film Awards for Overheard 3. He was the brother of actress Lin Cui and the uncle of Linda Wong. 曾江1934年生於上海，原名曾貫一，字榮江，人稱「Ken哥」，2022年4月喺尖沙咀九龍酒店逝世，終年八十八歲。佢祖籍廣東香山吉大，外曾祖父係清末駐美國公使梁誠，父親係上海經商嘅越南華僑；1948年逃港潮中佢隨家人正式定居香港，住喺港島中西區巴丙頓道大宅，先後讀嶺南中學、香港華仁書院同九龍華仁書院，之後赴美升學，取得加州大學柏克萊分校建築系學士。佢1950年代已經入行拍片，1960年代起長年活躍港台影視，憑高大身形同流利英語，多演梟雄、大亨同專業人士角色，電視劇《射鵰英雄傳》嘅黃藥師亦為人津津樂道。2015年佢憑《竊聽風雲3》奪得第三十四屆香港電影金像獎最佳男配角，演技獲正式肯定。佢係演員林翠嘅胞兄、王馨平嘅舅父。 ## 曾國祥 / . 曾國祥 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 曾國祥係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 曾翠珊 / . 曾翠珊 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 曾翠珊係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## Jessey Tsang Tsui-Shan / . Jessey Tsang is a Hong Kong director known for humanist films about home and community. Big Blue Lake (2011), set in a Sai Kung village about scattered families reuniting, won her the 31st Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Director as well as the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild equivalent — a rare feat for an independent production. 曾翠珊係香港導演，作品以人文關懷同鄉土情感見稱。2011年佢執導嘅《大藍湖》以西貢村落為背景，寫離散家庭嘅重聚，令佢奪得第31屆香港電影金像獎新晉導演，同時獲香港電影導演會新晉導演獎，係近年少數由獨立製作打入主流獎項嘅導演。佢持續探索香港城郊風景同社區故事，為香港電影保留一種溫柔而貼地嘅視線。 ## 謝虹 / . 謝虹 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 謝虹係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 謝立文 / . 謝立文 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 謝立文係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 謝賢 / Patrick Tse Yin 1950s–present. Born in 1936 as Tse Ka-yuk, Patrick Tse Yin is a Hong Kong actor. The fourth of eight siblings, he became known as 'Fourth Brother', a nickname cemented when writer Wong Jing tailored the role of Law Si-hoi for him in the 1980 TVB series The King of Gamblers. In 2022 he won Best Actor at the 40th Hong Kong Film Awards for Time, making him the oldest winner of the award. His children include actor-singer Nicholas Tse and actress Jennifer Tse. 1936年出世嘅謝賢，原名謝家鈺，係香港男演員，喺八兄弟姊妹之中排行第四，所以人人叫佢「四哥」。1980年編劇王晶喺無綫劇集《千王之王》度身訂造「羅四海」呢個角色畀佢，令佢嘅「四哥」稱號家喻戶曉。2022年佢憑《殺出個黃昏》獲頒第40屆香港電影金像獎最佳男主角，係歷來獲獎時最年長嘅金像影帝。佢嘅仔女包括藝人謝霆鋒同謝婷婷。 ## 紫羅蓮 / . Tse Luk-lin (1924–2015), born Tsau Kit-lin in Yunfu, Guangdong, came from a Cantonese-opera family, sang second female lead in Ma Si-tsang's troupe, and made her screen debut at fourteen. During the Japanese occupation she escaped back to China rather than appear in propaganda films. Post-war she starred in over a hundred Cantonese films, becoming the moral heart of the genre as its beloved wife-and-mother figure, honoured with a plaque on the Avenue of Stars in 2005. She spent her later years as a church volunteer and died at 91. 紫羅蓮（1924–2015）原名鄒潔蓮，廣東雲浮人，出身粵劇世家，曾喺馬師曾嘅太平劇團做二幫花旦，十四歲演出銀幕處女作《第八天堂》。日佔時期被日方拉攏拍宣傳片，佢伺機潛逃返回中國，避過「漢奸」之名，係一段少有人知嘅傳奇。戰後主演《含笑飲砒霜》《危樓春曉》等逾百部電影，以賢妻良母形象成為粵語片嘅道德標誌，2005年喺星光大道留名。息影後喺教會做義工，享壽91歲。 ## 左幾 / . 左幾 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 左幾係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 曹達華 / . Cho Tat-wah, born in 1915, entered film at fifteen and became the great wuxia leading man of the Cantonese era, known as the 'Iron Man of the Silver Screen', famous for the Wong Fei-hung series and the Buddha's Palm saga that generations remember. At his peak he owned cinemas and a studio, and he kept acting into old age, dying in 2007 aged 91. 曹達華1915年出世，十五歲入行，係粵語片時代最著名嘅武俠小生，人稱「銀壇鐵漢」，長期喺黃飛鴻系列飾演梁寬，《如來神掌》系列嘅龍劍飛更係幾代香港人嘅集體回憶。全盛時期曾擁有戲院同片場，晚年仍客串影視作品，2007年離世，終年91歲。 ## 徐耀明 / . 徐耀明 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 徐耀明係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 董雲瑋 / Stephen Tung Wai 1970s–present. Born in 1958 and nicknamed 'Ah Di', Stephen Tung Wai trained at the Chun Chau drama school as its youngest student and began as a performer before concentrating on action choreography and direction. His hallmark is an insistence that action serve the story rather than exist as spectacle alone. In 2024 he returned to a leading role in Stuntman, thirty-two years after starring in The Shootout (1992). 董雲瑋1958年出世，暱稱「阿弟」，後以董瑋為名，係香港著名武術及動作指導兼導演。佢喺春秋戲劇學校習藝，係同屆年紀最細嘅學員，因而得名；早年參演唔少電影同電視劇，之後專注幕後。董瑋設計動作最大嘅特色，係強調動作同故事合一，唔為打而打。2024年佢喺《武替道》擔正主角，係1992年《神槍手與咖喱雞》之後事隔三十二年再次做男主角。 ## 唐佳 / Tong Kai 1950s–2025. Born in 1937 as Wong Tong and also known as Wong Lung-kei, Tong Kai — nicknamed 'Kai Gor' — was a Hong Kong action choreographer, actor and director and the husband of actress Suet Nei. Trained under Yuen Siu-tien, in the 1960s he and Lau Kar-leung served as Chang Cheh's regular choreographers, designing set pieces that laid the foundations of the Hong Kong kung fu film. After Lau turned director in the mid-1970s, Tong continued with other Shaw directors, most famously on Chor Yuen's Gu Long adaptations, designing a blade that spun through 360 degrees for The Magic Blade to the author's own admiration. He began directing in the 1980s, with credits including Shaolin Prince and The Master of Hung Fist, and died in June 2025 aged 88. 唐佳1937年出世，原名黃唐，又有個名叫黃龍基，行內人稱「佳哥」，身兼香港武術指導、導演同演員，亦係藝人雪妮嘅丈夫。佢後生時跟袁小田學武術；1960年代佢同劉家良一齊做導演張徹嘅御用武術指導，兩人設計過好多經典武打場面，為香港功夫片嘅風格奠下基礎。1970年代中期劉家良轉做導演，唐佳就繼續同其他邵氏導演合作，當中以楚原執導嘅古龍武俠片最出名——佢為《天涯明月刀》設計嘅刀可以三百六十度旋轉，連原作者古龍都高度讚賞。到咗1980年代，佢開始做電影導演，作品有《三闖少林》、《洪拳大師》、《少林傳人》，以獨特嘅武打陣法設計見稱。佢喺2025年6月逝世，享年88歲。 ## 韋家輝 / . A rare talent across television and film, Wai Ka-fai produced the legendary TVB drama The Greed of Man (1992), then co-founded Milkyway Image with Johnnie To in 1996. Too Many Ways to Be No.1 (1997) shattered Hong Kong narrative conventions with its parallel structures. His screenplays — from Mad Detective to Detective vs Sleuths (2022) — obsess over fate, redemption and madness. 韋家輝係香港影視兩界罕見嘅天才。佢喺無綫由編劇做到監製，1992年監製嘅《大時代》以股市寫人性瘋狂，被譽為港劇史上最震撼嘅作品。1996年佢同杜琪峯創立銀河映像，《一個字頭的誕生》(1997)以平行敘事顛覆港產片結構，成為影迷經典。多年來佢同杜琪峯聯合編導《神探》《毒戰》等片，2022年更獨立執導《神探大戰》。佢嘅劇本永遠喺講宿命、救贖同瘋癲，風格冇人能模仿。 ## 煒烈 / Willie Lau Wing-wai 1970s–present. Willie Lau Wing-wai, born Lau Wing-wai in 1951 and first billed as Wai Lit, is a Hong Kong actor and action director. He grew up among the stone huts of Diamond Hill and around the old Ritz area of North Point and trained from childhood in the northern Choy Li Fut style. Spotted by Josephine Siao and Philip Chan in the 1970s, he appeared in the crime film Jumping Ash, joined RTV and rose from stunt work to character roles while also working behind the camera as a director and above all as action director. In 1977, filming a motorcycle chase for a television series, he and the bike plunged forty feet into a river and he was taken to Queen Elizabeth Hospital with a shattered breastbone. His behind-the-camera credits include writing in 1981, action design in 1988 and directing a feature in 1989. After leaving the screen he managed a nightclub, worked in construction and produced concerts, returning in 2015 after losing weight at TVB's invitation in dramas such as Angel in the Making and A Fist Within Four Walls. 煒烈1951年出世，原名劉永偉，係香港演員同武術指導，出道初期用「韋烈」做藝名。佢喺鑽石山石屋同北角麗池一帶長大，自幼習北派蔡李佛拳；1970年代佢獲蕭芳芳同陳欣健相中，參演警匪片《跳灰》，之後加入麗的電視，由武師慢慢做到甘草演員，亦參與幕後導演工作，主要擔任武術指導。1977年佢拍攝劇集《大丈夫》一場電單車追逐戲時，連人帶車飛墮四十呎下嘅河，胸骨爆裂要送伊利沙伯醫院救治。佢嘅幕後作品包括1981年為《代代風流代代春》編劇、1988年為《靚仔幹探》做動作設計，以及1989年執導《火舞儷人》。離開幕前之後佢做過夜總會經理同建築業，亦有擔任演唱會監製；2015年佢減肥成功後應無綫電視邀請復出，首部作品係《實習天使》，其後演出《城寨英雄》等劇。 ## 汪榴照 / . 汪榴照 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 汪榴照係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 王龍威 / Johnny Wang Lung-wai 1970s–1990s. Johnny Wang Lung-wai, born in Hong Kong in 1948 with family roots in Shandong, was a Hong Kong martial arts actor and action director active from the 1970s to the 1990s who also directed and wrote films. He trained in martial arts from childhood but had little interest in schoolwork and changed schools repeatedly, and was expelled after a fight shortly before graduating. He worked briefly in an office, found the routine unbearable, and — already a music lover — became a professional guitarist, marrying and having a daughter and son in that period. In his mid-twenties he quit the band to advance his career and joined Chang Cheh's Chang Gong studio as a second-intake actor, befriending classmate Bryan Leung. After the studio closed he followed Chang Cheh to Shaw Brothers as an action actor, appearing mostly in Chang's and Lau Kar-leung's films as a villain — often the mortal enemy of Alexander Fu Sheng's characters — and later turning to action choreography. In 1985 Mona Fong promoted him to director; when the original writer of his debut died, he took on directing, writing, choreography and acting himself. He directed several more films before leaving the industry around 2009, and had trained in Hung Gar, karate (third dan), muay thai and western boxing. 王龍威1948年生於香港，祖籍山東，係活躍於1970至90年代嘅香港武打演員同動作指導，亦曾擔任電影導演同編劇。佢自幼習武但無心向學，經常轉校，中學將畢業時因與同學打架而被開除；輟學後做過一般寫字樓工作，因無法適應刻板生活，愛上音樂嘅佢加入樂隊成為職業結他手，期間結婚並育有一女一子。二十四、五歲時佢為求事業更進一步而辭任樂隊職務，投考張徹自組嘅長弓影業成為該公司第二期演員，與同期嘅梁家仁成為多年好友；長弓結業後佢隨張徹加入邵氏任武打演員，多參與張徹同劉家良嘅作品，經常演反派，尤其常在傅聲主演嘅電影中飾演其死敵，後亦出任動作指導。1985年佢獲邵氏方逸華提拔為導演，處女作《山東狂人》因原編劇過世，佢一人兼任導演、編劇、武術指導同演員四職，其後執導《香港教父》等片，約2009年前退出影壇。武術方面佢曾習洪拳、空手道（考至黑帶三段）、泰拳同西洋拳（師承吳鐵虎）。 ## 王引 / . Born in 1911, Wang Yin was a veteran star bridging Shanghai, Hong Kong and Taiwan. A Shanghai celebrity in the 1930s, he settled in Hong Kong after the war, acting and directing into the 1960s alongside his wife, the star Yuan Meiyun. Versatile in both heroic and villainous roles, he was a key figure in Mandarin cinema's migration south. 王引1911年出世，係跨越上海、香港、台灣三地嘅老牌明星。三十年代喺上海成名，戰後移居香港，五六十年代喺香港同台灣繼續演出兼執導，同妻子、女明星袁美雲係影壇模範夫妻。佢戲路廣闊，正反派俱佳，係國語片由上海過渡到港台嘅關鍵人物之一，晚年備受影壇尊崇。 ## 王羽 / Jimmy Wang Yu 1963–2000s. Jimmy Wang Yu (1943–2022), born Wang Cheng-chuan in Shanghai to a family from Wuxi, Jiangsu, was an actor, director and screenwriter who died of a stroke in Taipei in April 2022, aged 79. Trained in karate and tai chi in his youth, he joined Shaw Brothers in Hong Kong in 1963 as a martial-arts actor and, championed by director Chang Cheh, shot to fame in The One-Armed Swordsman (1967), becoming the first star of Chang's new wave of martial-arts cinema; before Bruce Lee's rise he was the highest-paid action actor in Hong Kong. In 1971 he moved to Golden Harvest, whose first film for him, The One-Armed Swordsman vs. the Blind Swordsman, led to litigation with Shaw Brothers. He also directed, including the 1969 martial-arts film, and after leaving Golden Harvest in 1975 joined Lo Wei's independent productions. He retired from films in the 1990s to do business in Taiwan, returned in 2011 for Donnie Yen's Wu Xia and that same year founded Taipei's stunt professionals' union with Ko Chun-hsiung, serving as its first chairman. He married the actress Lin Cui in 1969, divorcing in 1975; his daughters include the singer Linda Wong. 王羽1943年生於上海，原名王正權，籍貫江蘇無錫，係演員、導演同編劇，2022年4月因中風喺台北逝世，終年七十九歲。佢少年時學過空手道同太極拳，1963年喺香港加入邵氏兄弟出道做武打演員；1967年獲導演張徹器重，憑《獨臂刀》一炮而紅，係張徹開創新武俠浪潮嘅第一代明星。喺李小龍走紅之前，佢係香港影壇片酬最高嘅武打演員。1971年佢轉投嘉禾，首部作品係《獨臂刀大戰盲俠》，仲因此片同邵氏對簿公堂；除演戲之外，佢亦執導過1969年嘅功夫片《龍虎鬥》。1975年佢離開嘉禾，加盟羅維嘅獨立製片，拍過《風雨雙流星》、《直搗黃龍》等。佢1990年代退出影圈後喺台灣營商，2011年復出演甄子丹嘅《武俠》，同年同柯俊雄創立台北市武術指導技藝從業人員職業工會，並任首屆理事長；佢1969年同演員林翠結婚（1975年離婚），女兒包括歌手王馨平。 ## 王元龍 / Wang Yuan-lung 1920s–1959. Born in 1902 as Wang Ping-yu, Wang Yuan-lung was a Chinese film actor and director nicknamed the 'Tyrant of the Silver Screen'. He began his career in the 1920s and became indelibly identified with the title role of Xiang Yu in The Hegemon-King of Chu (1939). In 1955, after Hong Kong filmmakers' plans to found a Chinese film school were approved by the Education Department, he became its founding principal with Tu Kuang-chi and Tao Qin as vice-principals. He starred in Four Daughters (1957) and won a special Asian Film Festival award for best actor in 1958. He died in Taipei in 1959, his last film completed with a double's back shots. 1902年出世嘅王元龍，原名王秉鈺，係中國電影演員兼導演，有「銀壇霸王」嘅外號。1920年代佢開展電影事業；1939年主演《楚霸王》做項羽一角，形象深入民心。1954年香港電影人籌辦「中國電影學校」培訓後輩，1955年獲教育司署核准，由王元龍出任創校校長，副校長係屠光啟同陶秦。1957年佢主演《四千金》，1958年憑該片獲亞洲影展嘅最佳男演員特別金禾獎。1959年佢喺台北病逝，遺作《茶山情歌》未拍完嘅部分由替身以背影入鏡。 ## 韋弘 / . 韋弘 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 韋弘係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 魏平澳 / . 魏平澳 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 魏平澳係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 文逸民 / . 文逸民 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 文逸民係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 黃秋生 / . Born in 1961 to a British father, Anthony Wong trained formally at the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts. He won his first Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor playing a psychotic killer in The Untold Story (1994) and a second for Beast Cops (1998), proving a range from exploitation horror to serious drama, with memorable turns in Infernal Affairs and Initial D. He is also one of Chinese cinema's most outspoken actors. 黃秋生1961年出世，中英混血，父親係英國人，早年家境坎坷，靠香港演藝學院嘅系統訓練打下根基，係香港少數受過正規舞台劇訓練嘅演員。1994年佢憑《八仙飯店之人肉叉燒包》變態殺手角色首奪金像獎影帝，1998年《野獸刑警》再封帝，證明戲路可以由三級血腥一路去到正劇。佢喺《無間道》《頭文字D》等片嘅配角同樣搶鏡，亦係華人影圈最敢言嘅演員之一。 ## 黃岳泰 / Arthur Wong Ngok-tai 1976–present. Arthur Wong Ngok-tai, born in 1956 with family roots in Taishan, Guangdong, is a Hong Kong cinematographer, founder and honorary chairman of the Hong Kong Society of Cinematographers, and the most awarded cameraman in the territory's film history with nine Hong Kong Film Awards for best cinematography. He grew up in a film family: his father Wong Jat was a leading Hong Kong cinematographer of the 1950s and 1960s who shot classic martial arts pictures. Arthur Wong began his career in 1976 and has since completed more than 110 feature films and won over 16 cinematography prizes, working with directors such as John Woo, Ringo Lam, Sammo Hung, Jackie Chan, Yuen Woo-ping, Ann Hui and Tsui Hark; he is particularly known for his multi-camera simultaneous shooting technique. Between 1983 and 2010 he won the Hong Kong Film Award for best cinematography nine times, including three consecutive wins from 1998 to 2000 and again from 2008 to 2010 — the first person to achieve back-to-back hat-tricks — and he is the individual most honoured at the awards. He also has twelve further nominations there and eight Golden Horse nominations with one win. 黃岳泰1956年生，祖籍廣東台山市，係香港電影攝影師，父親黃捷為著名電影攝影師，佢本人係香港專業電影攝影師學會（HKSC）嘅創辦人同榮譽主席，至今已獲得九次香港電影金像獎最佳攝影獎，係香港電影攝影得獎之冠。佢生長於電影世家，自小與電影結下不解之緣：其父黃捷係1950年代同1960年代香港著名電影攝影師，曾拍過《如來神掌》、《黃飛鴻》等電影。黃岳泰於1976年開始攝影生涯，至今已完成電影長片超過110部，榮獲各種攝影獎項超過16次，與佢合作過嘅著名導演包括吳宇森、林嶺東、洪金寶、成龍、袁和平、許鞍華及徐克等，佢採用嘅多方位同時攝影技術相當出眾。佢從1983年到2010年一共獲得九次香港電影金像獎最佳攝影，其中1998、1999同2000年三屆，以及2008、2009同2010年三屆連續獲獎，係第一個三連冠嘅金像獎得主，亦係獲香港金像獎次數最多嘅一位香港電影人；此外佢仲有12部作品獲最佳攝影提名，金馬獎則八次提名、一次獲獎。 ## 黃卓漢 / Huang Zhuohan 1949–2004. Huang Zhuohan (1920–2004), born in Chaozhou, Guangdong, was a film producer and distributor who built his career across Hong Kong and Taiwan, discovered the actresses Law Lan and Lin Cui, introduced the martial arts genre to Taiwan and received a lifetime achievement award at the 30th Golden Horse Awards. A law graduate of Guangdong National University, he taught Chinese at an overseas Chinese school in Haiphong, Vietnam, then worked for a wartime publications review board in Guangxi, served as a lieutenant colonel secretary in Chongqing's defence ministry and became deputy editor-in-chief of a Nanjing newspaper. In 1949 he came to Hong Kong, where an attempt to found a newspaper failed and he became a cinema manager; the following year he discovered the Cantonese film director Chun Kim and made a dozen Cantonese pictures while managing a cinema. He founded Freedom Pictures in 1952, and his 1957 film became Hong Kong's first 35mm colour feature. A later Taiwan production, also a 35mm colour first for the island, overran its budget and bankrupted the company; back in Hong Kong he set up another production house and in the 1960s discovered the then schoolgirl Law Lan. 黃卓漢（1920–2004），生於廣東潮州，係電影工作者同製片家，職業生涯期間在香港同台灣兩地發展電影事業，發掘香港演員羅蘭同林翠，將武俠片類型引進台灣，並獲第30屆金馬獎終身成就獎。佢畢業於廣東國民大學法律系，其後到越南海防市擔任海防華僑中學國文教師；中國抗日戰爭爆發後到廣西任中央圖書雜誌審查委員會委員，之後轉到重慶任國防部總政治部中校秘書，戰爭勝利後到南京《益世報》擔任副總編輯兼採訪主任。1949年佢來港創立報館失敗，轉而擔任戲院經理，次年發掘粵語片導演秦劍，拍《慈母淚》等12部粵語片，同時兼任中華戲院經理。1952年佢成立自由影業，發行首部影片《名女人別傳》，其後拍秦劍作品《女兒心》捧紅主角林翠；1957年《龍女》為香港第一部35毫米膠片彩色電影。佢之後到台灣拍《甘蔗姑娘》，為台灣首部35毫米膠片彩色電影，但投資過大令自由影業虧損倒閉；回港成立嶺光製片公司續拍粵語片，1960年代發掘當時仍係學生嘅盧燕英（即羅蘭）。 ## 王青 / Wong Ching late 1960s–2015. Wong Ching, born in Shanghai in 1949 and originally named Keung Pui-ching, was a Shaw Brothers actor and later a stuntman and action choreographer, known by the nickname Big Mouth Ching. From a poor family, he grew up in Kowloon Walled City; his elder brother was the actor and realist crime-film director Wong Chung. As a teenager he performed with his mother's travelling circus, moved on to nightclub acrobatics, and became Tong Kai's apprentice stuntman at Shaw Brothers, working alongside Lau Kar-leung. Promoted from behind the camera in the early 1970s, he became a contract actor at Grand Films, and in 1976 producer Ng Ho cast him as the Qing-era swordsman Wang Wu in a Television Broadcasts period drama unit, his first television role. He became a leading film actor in the 1980s, joined Television Broadcasts in the mid-1990s and moved to HKTV in 2012, retiring in 2015; he now lives in Australia. 王青1949年生於上海，原名姜佩清，別名王清，綽號「大口青」，係前邵氏電影演員，亦做過龍虎武師同動作指導。佢出身貧窮家庭，童年在九龍寨城長大，胞兄係演員兼寫實警匪片導演王鍾；十幾歲時隨母親王忠英帶領嘅馬戲班在香港表演，後轉當夜總會雜技藝人，再獲唐佳收為徒弟加入邵氏當龍虎武師，與劉家良、唐佳等人共事。1970年代初佢由幕後被發掘到幕前，成為大地電影公司基本合約演員；1976年無綫開拍《近代豪俠傳》，製作人吳昊見佢氣勢強，安排佢出演單元〈大刀王五〉嘅王五，成為佢首部電視劇。1980年代佢成為電影界一線演員，1990年代中期加入無綫電視，2012年跳槽香港電視網絡，2015年約滿後息影，現定居澳洲。 ## 黃精甫 / . Wong Ching-po stunned the industry with his debut Jiang Hu (2004), a gangland fable starring Andy Lau and Jacky Cheung that won the HKFA Best New Director award, followed by the controversial Revenge: A Love Story (2010). After years of silence he returned with The Pig, the Snake and the Pigeon (2023), an Ethan Juan-starring crime thriller that became a pan-Chinese phenomenon. 黃精甫2004年以處女作《江湖》一鳴驚人，劉德華、張學友主演嘅黑幫寓言令佢獲得金像獎新晉導演，其後拍出爭議性嘅《復仇者之死》(2010)。沉寂多年後，2023年佢以《周處除三害》強勢回歸，阮經天主演嘅犯罪動作片喺台灣同內地掀起現象級熱潮，成為近年最多人討論嘅華語電影之一，完成影壇大逆轉。 ## 黃真真 / Barbara Wong Chun-chun 1995–present. Barbara Wong Chun-chun, born in 1972, is a Hong Kong film director, screenwriter and actress, an independent documentary maker known for approaching sex and relationships from a woman's point of view. Her younger sister is a sommelier. In 1990, while studying drama at the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, she won a best actress award for a stage production; after graduating she worked full time as a disc jockey at Commercial Radio under the stage name Wong Lok-tung. She went to the United States in 1993 to study film production at New York University, where her graduation film won the school's best student film award, and from 1995 to 1998 she ran Basko Wong Productions in New York, making current affairs programmes for American television. Her independent feature of 1997 premiered in December 1998 and was selected for the Film Society of Lincoln Center's new directors showcase. From 2007 she turned from independent work to commercial cinema, focusing on love and marriage in contemporary life; her 2013 film about memory and loss performed well on both sides of the strait. 黃真真1972年生，係香港女性電影導演、編劇及演員，亦係香港獨立紀錄片作者，擅長以女性角度拍攝兩性題材電影。佢胞妹黃詩詩係品酒師。1990年佢在香港演藝學院戲劇科就讀期間，以《神跡奇案》獲最佳女主角；畢業後佢以藝名黃樂桐在香港商業電台任全職唱片騎師。1993年佢赴美國就讀紐約大學電影製作系，畢業作品《Hugo》獲該校最佳學生電影；1995至1998年喺紐約開設Basko Wong Productions，為美國電視台製作時事節目。1997年佢產製獨立電影《留下買路情》，1998年12月首映，入選紐約文選電影資料館電影新人單元。2007年起佢放棄獨立電影製作，改為拍攝商業片，作品多聚焦現代男女嘅感情與婚姻議題；2013年其作品《被偷走的那五年》上映，以失憶與遺忘為題材，在兩岸市場均取得不俗成績。 ## 黃鶴聲／黃金印 / . Wong Hok-sing (1915-1993), also known as Wong Kam-yan, was a Cantonese opera performer turned director. One of the celebrated Ten Directors of the Cantonese cinema era alongside Wu Hui and Lee Tit, he worked on nearly 300 films, including the Buddha's Palm series that defined 1960s Cantonese swordplay. He moved to San Francisco in the late 1960s, performing Cantonese opera there until his death. 黃鶴聲1915年出世，又名黃金印，佛山人，香港長大，本身係粵劇文武生，三十年代末已經喺香港同美國拍片。佢係粵語片時代著名嘅「十大導」之一，與吳回、李鐵、珠璣等結義導演並稱，一生參與近三百部電影，執導嘅《如來神掌》系列係六十年代粵語武俠片嘅代表作。1968年佢赴美國考察電視電影，之後長居三藩市登臺演出粵劇，1993年離世。 ## 王晶 / Wong Jing 1970s–present. Wong Jing, born in 1955 with the given name Wong Yat-cheung and writing screenplays under the pen name Not a Woman, is a Hong Kong film director, screenwriter and producer. He heads his own production company and is a leading figure at Shaw Brothers International, having also served as an executive director of a listed media company and chairman of an entertainment group. His father was the celebrated director and Television Broadcasts producer Wong Tin-lam; in 1955, when his father went to Japan to shoot three Mandarin films, he named his newborn son Yat-cheung — auspicious filming in Japan — to invoke good fortune for the trip. Wong Jing attended Pui Ching primary and secondary schools and graduated in Chinese literature from United College of the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1978. While still a student he worked as a television screenwriter at Television Broadcasts, learning the craft under Lau Tin-chi and writing for the long-running variety show Enjoy Yourself Tonight; his television credits include several hit gambling and crime serials. He entered the film industry in 1981, initially with Shaw Brothers, and became known for his prolific output and popular touch, one of the highest-grossing directors of the 1990s, with the cult classic Naked Killer among the films he wrote and produced. 王晶1955年生，原名王日祥，編劇筆名「不是女人」，係香港電影導演、編劇和監製，星王朝影視製作有限公司（前身王晶創作室有限公司）老闆，亦係邵氏兄弟國際影業有限公司主要人物，曾任漢傳媒董事兼董事總經理及Starj & Snazz娛樂主席。佢父親係著名導演及無綫電視監製王天林；1955年王天林遠赴日本為新華影業拍攝《小鳳仙（續集）》、《桃花江》及《葡萄仙子》三部國語電影，為祈求拍攝順利，將新生兒起名「日祥」，寓意在日本拍戲吉祥。王晶曾就讀香港培正小學（幼稚園部、小學部）及香港培正中學，畢業於香港中文大學聯合書院中文系（1978年，三級榮譽）。大學期間佢已在無綫電視擔任電視編劇，曾隨劉天賜學習編劇，為長壽合家歡節目《歡樂今宵》撰稿，電視作品包括《千王之王》、《流氓皇帝》、《網中人》、《強人》等。王晶1981年起投身電影界，最初加入邵氏；佢以高產和通俗見稱，是九十年代香港最賣座嘅導演之一，由佢編劇與監製嘅《赤裸羔羊》成為邪典電影經典。 ## 黃志強 / . 黃志強 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 黃志強係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 黃霑 / James Wong 1960s–2004. James Wong, born in Guangzhou in 1941, moved to Hong Kong in 1949 and graduated in Chinese from the University of Hong Kong, working as a teacher and legendary adman ('Remy Martin opens, good things naturally come'). With composer Joseph Koo he formed the famed 'Fai-Wong' pairing, writing Lion Rock, Shanghai Bund, A Laugh from the Vast Sea and countless anthems capturing Hong Kong's swagger, while his wit shone on television and in print. He died of lung cancer in November 2004, aged 63, mourned as the grand master of Hong Kong pop culture. 黃霑1941年喺廣州出世，1949年隨家人移居香港，香港大學中文系畢業，做過教師、廣告創作，一句「人頭馬一開，好事自然來」成為廣告經典。佢同作曲家顧嘉煇組成「煇黃」組合，《獅子山下》《上海灘》《滄海一聲笑》《男兒當自強》等金曲寫盡香港氣魄，主持節目同寫作同樣妙語連珠。2004年11月因肺癌離世，終年63歲，萬人送別呢位「不文霑」、香港流行文化嘅一代宗師。 ## 文雋 / . A multi-hyphenate of Hong Kong cinema — screenwriter, producer, critic and columnist — Manfred Wong produced and wrote the Young and Dangerous series in the 1990s, making stars of Ekin Cheng and Jordan Chan. He long served as chairman of the Hong Kong Film Awards Association and remains one of the industry's most candid voices. 文雋係香港影壇嘅多面手：編劇、監製、影評人、專欄作家樣樣做齊。九十年代佢監製同編寫《古惑仔》系列，將漫畫改編成風靡亞洲嘅江湖片，捧紅鄭伊健、陳小春，成為一代人嘅青春符號。佢長期擔任香港電影金像獎協會主席，推動金像獎制度化，亦以敢言筆鋒持續評論影圈生態，係業界極有分量嘅聲音。 ## 王敏德 / Michael Fitzgerald Wong 1983–present. Michael Fitzgerald Wong, born in Troy, Michigan in 1965 to a Chinese father and a French-Dutch American mother, is a Hong Kong actor. He first came to Hong Kong in 1983 with his elder brother to shoot a Cinema City film, playing a stuntman, and doubled for Sam Hui in a comedy hit, which sparked his interest in cinema. His build led him into action roles, above all police officers: his portrayal of a police tactical unit instructor in a 1994 hit made him one of the ten ideal screen policemen chosen by audiences, and in 1996 he was nominated for best actor at both the Hong Kong Film Awards and the Golden Horse Awards for a follow-up. In 2000 he set up a production company and directed and starred in a romantic action film opposite Cecilia Yip. Away from acting he trained as a helicopter pilot in Canada from 1998, gained a commercial licence in the United States in 2000 and became a working pilot in 2010, also serving as an honorary officer of the Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps. 王敏德1965年生於美國特洛伊，中法荷混血兒，香港演員。1983年佢首次到香港，隨兄長王盛德拍攝新藝城電影，客串武師一角，並喺《最佳拍檔》擔任許冠傑替身，從此對電影產生興趣。因身形健碩，佢多演動作角色，最擅長飾演警察，以《飛虎雄心》嘅特別任務連教官Stone Wong一角深入民心，並憑此入選「香港十大理想銀幕警察」之一；1996年佢憑《飛虎》同時角逐第16屆香港電影金像獎同第33屆金馬獎最佳男主角。2000年佢成立電影製作公司，自導自演文藝動作片《里情》，女主角為葉童。除演戲外，佢1998年起喺加拿大接受直升機訓練，2000年赴美考獲商業機師牌照，2010年正式成為執業機師，並為香港航空青年團榮譽長官。 ## 黃栢文 / Parkman Wong Pak-man 1977–present. Parkman Wong Pak-man, born in 1953, is a former Hong Kong television and film actor and director who now holds a basic artiste contract with Television Broadcasts. He attended the Hong Kong Sea School from the age of fourteen and went to sea at seventeen, joining the station's sixth acting course in 1977 with classmates such as Ray Lui and Idy Chan; dismissed two years later for appearing too rarely, he moved into film and started as an assistant director. He became a key member of Danny Lee's production outfit, working on planning, direction and acting in films including a 1984 police drama, an award-winning 1988 crime film and a celebrated John Woo thriller; his villainous role in the 1984 film was briefly announced as a Golden Horse supporting actor nomination before the organisers corrected it. He directed three features between 1988 and 1991, but was diagnosed with lymphoma during the last of them and became head of production instead. He emigrated to Canada in the mid-1990s, returned in the 2000s, rejoined Television Broadcasts in 2012 and has specialised in villains. 黃栢文1953年生，曾是香港電視、電影演員同導演，現為無綫電視基本藝人合約藝員。佢14歲就讀香港航海學校，17歲成為海員，1977年考入第6期無綫電視藝員訓練班，同期同學有呂良偉、陳玉蓮、廖偉雄等，畢業後兩年因演出節目不夠被解僱，轉投電影界由副導演做起。佢係李修賢萬能公司嘅主力之一，負責策劃、導演及演出，參與《公僕》、《霹靂先鋒》、《喋血雙雄》等；佢喺《公僕》飾演重要反派，原獲提名第21屆金馬獎最佳男配角，惟主辦方其後更正提名者為同戲嘅太保。佢執導嘅電影有《霹靂先鋒》（1988）、《風雨同路》（1990）同《雷霆掃穴》（1991），執導期間確診淋巴癌，拍畢後改任萬能製作總監。1990年代中期佢移居加拿大，2000年代回流，2012年加入無綫電視，多演反派，如《雷霆掃毒》嘅毒梟鄔浩威。 ## 黃百鳴 / Raymond Wong 1970s–present. Raymond Wong, born in 1946, is a Hong Kong film producer, director, screenwriter and actor who has also written lyrics and composed music; his stage name, adopted on entering the film business, suggests a hundred flowers blooming together. He was born and raised in a tong lau tenement in Sheung Wan and is of Heshan, Guangdong descent, the eldest of six children. He finished school in 1957 and later studied at the night school of St John's College, where he took part in drama. After finishing secondary night school at seventeen he became a junior clerk at an Indian trading firm and by twenty-four was a manager handling compradore business; in the evenings he worked as a broadcaster at a North Point radio station, performing serialised fiction. When the 1967 riots shut the station down, he and friends formed an amateur theatre group that staged public performances at the Hong Kong City Hall. In the 1980s he chaired Cinema City, one of its 'Seven Musketeers', and produced a run of record-breaking hits including the Aces Go Places series, the Happy Ghost films and All's Well, Ends Well. He founded Mandarin Films in the early 1990s and in 2009 set up Pegasus with his son, continuing to make Chinese New Year comedies. 黃百鳴（1946年生），原名黃栢鳴，MH，香港電影導演、編劇、監製、演員，亦曾任填詞人及作曲人。「黃百鳴」一藝名是他加入電影界後改的，寓意百花齊放。佢在香港島上環皇后大道西唐樓出生及長大，祖籍廣東省鶴山市古勞鎮上升村，下有五名弟妹；1957年畢業於孔教學院大成學校，其後升讀聖約翰英文書院夜校部，中學時已參與話劇活動。17歲中學夜校畢業後，黃到印度洋行任職初級文員，24歲獲聘為另一間洋行經理，負責買辦事務；除正職外，佢應徵北角綠邨電台晚間播音員，聲演天空小說。1967年六七暴動引致電台停止運作，佢遂於晚上與友人組織「青藝業餘話劇社」，曾在香港大會堂公開演出。佢1980年代出任新藝城影業有限公司主席，係「新藝城七怪」之一，出品《最佳拍檔》、《開心鬼》、《家有囍事》等多部破香港票房紀錄嘅電影；1991至1993年成立東方電影發行有限公司，2009年再與兒子黃子桓創立天馬電影有限公司，持續製作賀歲喜劇。 ## 黃修平 / . A HKU graduate who began with independent shorts, he directed The Way We Dance (2013), a street-dance coming-of-age film that became an unlikely box-office hit with a no-star cast and won him the HKFA Best New Director award. His 2015 film with Miriam Yeung continued his sincere, spirited portraiture of a generation. 黃修平香港大學畢業，拍獨立短片起家。2013年佢執導《狂舞派》，以街舞寫追夢，零明星陣容爆冷票房過千萬，令佢奪得金像獎新晉導演，被視為港產青春片嘅轉捩點；2015年再執導楊千嬅主演嘅《哪一天我們會飛》，寫年輕世代嘅遺憾與理想。佢嘅電影充滿熱血、真誠同社會關懷，係新世代香港導演嘅代表人物之一。 ## 黃樹棠 / Jimmy Wong Shee-tong 1965–2021. Jimmy Wong Shee-tong (1943–2021) was a Hong Kong screen actor and action director, brother of the actress Wong Man-wai and father of the voice actor Wong Wing-cheung. Raised in Macau and later in Yau Tsim Mong, he followed his sister into a film company's acting course in 1965 and learned action performance from the martial arts directors Liu Chia-liang and Tong Gaai. From 1976 he worked simultaneously as action director and performer for RTV and in films, was recruited by Television Broadcasts while appearing in Tsui Hark's 1979 feature, and in 1981 signed with a film company where he made his debut as both director and actor. From 1986 he served Asia Television for more than a decade in dozens of serials, best known as a wise uncle in a hit supernatural series. He won a best-actor title in Vietnam in 2015 and a distinguished service award from the Hong Kong Stuntmen Association in 2020. He died of colon cancer on 10 April 2021. 黃樹棠（1943–2021），香港影視演員同武術指導，胞妹係演員黃文慧，兒子係配音員黃榮璋。佢早年在澳門生活，少年時隨家人移居香港油尖旺，1965年胞妹見到「仙鶴港聯影業」招收藝員訓練班嘅廣告前往報名獲取錄，三個月後佢亦跟隨入班，畢業後喺《女黑俠威震地獄門》跟劉家良、唐佳學當動作演員。1976年起佢同時喺麗的電視同電影圈任武術指導兼演員，1979年參演徐克《蝶變》期間獲無綫電視招手，1981年轉投梁李少霞嘅珠城電影，首次擔任電影導演兼演員。1986年佢重返亞洲電視服務逾十年，參演數十部劇集，代表作係《我和殭屍有個約會》系列嘅「求叔」何應求。2015年佢喺越南憑劇集《Unbreakable》獲封視帝，2020年獲香港動作特技演員公會頒傑出貢獻獎。2021年4月10日因大腸癌逝世。 ## 黃泰來 / Taylor Wong Tai-loi 1970s–1990s. Born in 1950, Taylor Wong Tai-loi was a Hong Kong film director, writer and producer, son of 1960s Cantonese-film director Wong Yiu and former husband of singer-actress Prudence Liew — married in 1982, divorced in 1992, with two children. He began as a director at Commercial Television and RTV before moving into film in the 1980s, directing films such as Behind the Yellow Line, Law or Justice, Triads: The Inside Story and The Sword Stained with Royal Blood. Under the pen name 'So-and-so' he also wrote Cantonese pop lyrics, including Blue Jeans' 1987 hit How Can This Be. He died of throat cancer on 16 July 2025 aged 75. 1950年出世，黃泰來係香港電影監製、編劇同導演，父親為1960年代粵語片導演黃堯；佢同歌手兼演員劉美君曾經係夫妻，1982年結婚、1992年離婚，兩人育有一子一女。佢早年喺麗的電視同佳藝電視做編導，1980年代轉拍電影，經典作包括《法內情》、《我在黑社會的日子》、《刀劍笑》同《緣份》等。除咗導演工作，佢亦試過用筆名「某人」寫粵語流行曲歌詞，1987年嘅藍戰士《豈有此理》同劉美君《自甘墮落》都係佢嘅作品。佢喺2025年7月16日因為喉癌逝世，享年75歲。 ## 王天林 / . Wang Tianlin, born in Shanghai in 1930, moved to Hong Kong in the 1950s and became a noted director of the MP & GI era before moving to television as TVB's drama supervisor, mentoring a generation of New Wave directors including Johnnie To and Ringo Lam. In later years audiences welcomed him back on screen in cameo roles for Johnnie To. He died in 2010; his son Wong Jing carried on the family film tradition. 王天林1930年喺上海出世，五十年代移居香港，以《野玫瑰之戀》等作品成為電懋時期名導，其後轉戰電視，擔任TVB戲劇組監製，一手提攜杜琪峯、林嶺東等新浪潮導演，被尊稱為電視戲劇嘅一代宗師。晚年以演員身份客串杜琪峯電影，令觀眾重拾佢嘅親切身影。2010年離世，兒子王晶承傳佢嘅影視事業。 ## 黃岱 / . 黃岱 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 黃岱係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 王子鳴 / . 王子鳴 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 王子鳴係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 黃華麒 / . A key figure of Hong Kong public broadcasting, he spent years at RTHK and was a driving force behind the Below the Lion Rock series, whose portraits of working-class striving made the phrase synonymous with the Hong Kong spirit. He later served as Director of Broadcasting, a rare path from creator to head of public broadcasting. 黃華麒係香港公營廣播嘅重要人物。佢長期喺香港電台工作，係《獅子山下》系列嘅關鍵推手，以電視劇記錄香港基層嘅奮鬥同尊嚴，令「獅子山下」成為香港精神嘅代名詞。其後佢更獲委任執掌香港電台，成為廣播處長，係由創作人做到公共廣播掌舵人嘅少數例子。 ## 王為一 / . 王為一 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 王為一係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 黃元申 / Tony Wong Yuen-sun 1971–1990s. Tony Wong Yuen-sun was born in Shanghai in 1947 into a scholarly family and moved to Hong Kong the following year. Raised in poverty, at twelve he met a martial arts master under a bridge in Wan Chai and trained hard, becoming especially good at jumping — he could leap six feet from standing. He grew up in Choi Hung Estate and boarded in Tiu Keng Leng, attending several schools there and in Kowloon; after secondary school he worked as a waiter and a salesman, and entered an acting course in 1971 after his younger brother signed him up. A strong audition for a 1972 kung fu film brought a stream of offers, and his habit of answering everything with OK earned him the nickname OK Boy. He joined Television Broadcasts in 1976 and rose to stardom in 1979 playing the roguish hero of a hit martial arts serial whose first episode won a gold medal at the New York International Film and TV Festival. He switched to RTV in 1981, the year he starred in the first television series about the martial artist Huo Yuanjia, which also became the first Hong Kong drama serial shown in mainland China. 黃元申1947年生於上海一個書香門第，次年隨父母遷居香港。佢年輕時家境清貧，12歲在灣仔鵝頸橋橋底遇高人拜師學武，練就一身武功，尤其擅長跳躍，能原地跳高達6英尺。佢早年在九龍彩虹邨生活，曾到調景嶺當寄宿生，先後就讀鳴遠小學、港澳信義會慕德中學、維新英文書院同利瑪竇書院；中學畢業後做過侍應同售貨員，因弟弟替他報名而投考演員，1971年考入藝員訓練班。1972年佢試鏡功夫片《餓虎狂龍》表現出色，自此片約不斷，因性情隨和凡事說「OK」而得綽號「OK仔」。1976年佢正式加入無綫電視，在《CID》演李輝豪、《陸小鳳》演西門吹雪；1979年《貼錯門神》演招積仔，於《絕代雙驕》演活小魚兒一角令佢聲名大噪，該劇第一集更獲紐約國際電影電視節金牌獎。1981年佢跳槽麗的電視，同年主演嘅《大俠霍元甲》係第一部以霍元甲為主角嘅電視作品，亦係香港史上首部引進內地嘅電視連續劇。 ## 黃浩然 / . 黃浩然 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 黃浩然係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 黃國強 / . A Hong Kong film and television director recorded in reference works on the city's cinema, Wong Kwok-keung belongs to the steady ranks of behind-the-camera directors whose reliable output was the daily engine that kept the industry running. 黃國強係香港影視導演，名字收錄於香港電影導演文獻。香港嘅影像創作唔會單靠明星支撐，仲需要大量喺幕後穩定出貨嘅導演；佢哋係呢個產業得以運轉嘅日常動力。 ## 黃國輝 / . 黃國輝 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 黃國輝係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 黃肇邦 / . 黃肇邦 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 黃肇邦係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 黃進 / . 黃進 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 黃進係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 袁劍偉 / Steve Yuen Kim Wai 1992–present. Steve Yuen Kim Wai, born in 1966 in Kowloon Walled City to a Jieyang family and raised around Kowloon Tong, studied psychology at Carleton University in Canada. Returning to Hong Kong in 1990 he joined Television Broadcasts almost by accident, starting as an assistant director in the music unit and working on programmes such as Jade Solid Gold before being promoted to director in 1992; he directed more than a hundred music videos. Small budgets drove him into commercials in 1995, and he also self-published a basketball magazine. He took a master's in film-making at Goldsmiths in London from 2006, and, inspired by a stage play in 2011, wrote and directed his first feature, released in 2016 with Karena Lam in the lead. A second feature followed in 2020, and in 2022 he directed a basketball drama series for ViuTV. 袁劍偉1966年生於九龍寨城，祖籍廣東揭陽，喺九龍寨城同廣播道一帶長大，畢業於民生書院，其後到加拿大卡爾頓大學修讀心理學。1990年大學畢業返港，誤打誤撞隨外賣員工送餐入到無綫電視，初年喺綜藝科音樂組做助導，負責《勁歌金曲》等項目，1992年升任導演，執導過逾百個音樂錄像，包括《翡翠歌星賀台慶》。因電視台預算太少，佢1995年轉做廣告片導演，亦曾自資出版籃球雜誌《Fliers》。2006年赴英國倫敦大學金匠學院修讀電影製作碩士，2011年受舞台劇《法吻》啟發，2016年自編自導首部電影《暗色天堂》，由前妻林嘉欣主演；2020年再拍《死因無可疑》，2022年為ViuTV執導籃球劇《季前賽》。 ## 胡楓 / Bowie Woo Fung 1950s–present. Born in 1932 as Woo Kai-sau and known as 'Sau Gor', Bowie Woo Fung was raised in Hong Kong and is an actor, host and singer, now on a per-series contract with TVB. He joined Dacheng in 1953 and became a star overnight with his first film, A Man's Heart. In the late 1960s he made many musicals with Connie Chan, Josephine Siao and Nancy Sit, earning the nickname 'Dance King Sau' for his footwork. A hugely respected figure with a wide circle of friends in the industry, he was honoured with a 90th-birthday television special in 2022. 胡楓1932年出世，本名胡繼修，大家都叫佢「修哥」；祖籍廣東廣州白雲區神山鎮大嶺下村，喺香港長大，身兼男演員、節目主持同歌手，目前係無綫電視部頭合約藝員。1953年佢考入大成公司，自此展開電影生涯，首部作品《男人心》令佢一夜成名。去到1960年代後期，佢同薛家燕、蕭芳芳、陳寶珠等人拍過唔少歌舞片，舞藝精湛，所以有「舞王修」嘅美譽。胡楓喺影視圈地位崇高、人緣極佳；2022年佢90歲，無綫電視特別為佢舉行《人生90好楓Show》，好多影視明星同名人到場支持。 ## 吳宇森 / John Woo 1970s–present. John Woo, born in Guangzhou in 1946, moved to Hong Kong as a child and entered film as a script supervisor. Supported by Tsui Hark, he directed A Better Tomorrow (1986), pushing stylised violence to its limit and turning Chow Yun-fat's Mark Gor into an icon of a generation; The Killer (1989) and Hard Boiled (1992) perfected his signature of doves, twin guns and slow motion. Moving to Hollywood in 1993, Face/Off (1997) and Mission: Impossible 2 (2000) made him a top-tier director, while the epic Red Cliff (2008) marked a milestone for Chinese-language blockbusters. In 2010 he received the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement at Venice for his profound influence on global action cinema. 吳宇森1946年喺廣州出世，1951年隨家人移居香港，青少年時期靠教會資助生活，其後入電影圈由場記做起。1986年得徐克支持執導《英雄本色》，將暴力美學推向極致，周潤發嘅小馬哥成為一代人偶像；1989年《喋血雙雄》、1992年《辣手神探》確立白鴿、雙槍、慢鏡嘅標記美學。1993年赴美發展，《奪面雙雄》(1997)《職業特工隊2》(2000) 令佢成為荷李活一線導演。2008年史詩鉅製《赤壁》為華語大片立下里程碑。2010年獲威尼斯影展終身成就金獅獎，表揚佢對全球動作電影美學嘅深遠影響。 ## 吳彥祖 / . Born in San Francisco in 1974, Daniel Wu graduated in architecture from the University of Oregon before Yonfan cast him in Bishonen (1998), making him an instant star. Refusing to be a pretty face, he won the Golden Horse Award for Best Supporting Actor as a villain in New Police Story (2004) and turned director with The Heavenly Kings (2006), winning the HKFA Best New Director award. 吳彥祖1974年喺三藩市出世，俄勒岡大學建築系畢業，1998年到港時被楊凡睇中，主演《美少年之戀》入行，俊朗外形令佢即刻成為偶像。但佢唔滿足做花瓶，2004年憑《新警察故事》反派獲金馬獎最佳男配角，2006年執導紀錄片《四大天王》獲金像獎新晉導演。佢其後演出《門徒》《魔警》等片，荷李活同內地大片都搵佢擔正，係少數喺三地市場都站得住嘅香港男星。 ## 胡大為 / David Wu Tai-wai 1970–present. David Wu Tai-wai, born in Hong Kong in 1952, is a film editor and director and a former television and radio presenter, nicknamed the grandmaster of comedy for a hit 1990s sketch show he co-hosted with Liu Wai-hung. One of eight siblings, he was drawn to film work early; after secondary school he studied graphic design at the Hong Kong Polytechnic and in October 1970 was taken on as an editing apprentice at the Shaw Brothers studios. Between 1990 and 1992 he co-hosted three series of a popular comedy show whose sketches satirised social issues. In 1993 he won best editing at the 12th Hong Kong Film Awards for Hard Boiled and best adapted screenplay at the 30th Golden Horse Awards; in 2015 he won a second Hong Kong Film Awards editing prize. A long-time editor for John Woo and for French productions, he directed a feature in 2002 and had already been directing American television films and series in the 1990s, moving to Toronto in the mid-1990s. 胡大為1952年生於香港，係剪接師、導演同前電視、電台節目主持，因與廖偉雄主持《笑星救地球》而有「搞笑師祖」之稱。佢家中有八兄弟姊妹，自小對電影工作感興趣，1969年中學畢業後報讀香港理工學院平面設計文憑，1970年10月應徵邵氏片場剪接學徒成功入行。1990至1992年佢與廖偉雄主持《笑星救地球》三輯，其中趣劇《乜太與李》諷刺時弊大受歡迎。1993年佢以《辣手神探》奪第12屆香港電影金像獎最佳剪接，並以《白髮魔女傳》獲第30屆金馬獎最佳改編劇本；2015年再憑《太平輪》奪第34屆香港電影金像獎最佳剪接。佢係吳宇森嘅御用剪接師，2002年執導電影《冰雪女王》，亦早於1990年代赴荷里活執導電視劇及電視電影，1990年代中期移居加拿大多倫多。 ## 吳家驤 / . 吳家驤 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 吳家驤係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 午馬 / . Wu Ma, born in 1942, trained in Peking opera and worked as actor and director through the Shaw Brothers era. His dashing ghost-buster Yin Chik-ha in A Chinese Ghost Story (1987) won the Golden Horse Best Supporting Actor and became the most beloved exorcist in Chinese cinema. Across a five-decade career of more than a hundred films he mentored countless juniors, and his death from lung cancer in February 2014, aged 71, was mourned across the industry. 午馬1942年出世，京劇演員出身，邵氏時期以演員同導演身份活躍，1987年《倩女幽魂》飾演俠義瀟灑嘅燕赤霞，奪得金馬獎最佳男配角，成為影史最經典嘅捉鬼道長形象。佢從影逾五十年，演出作品逾百部，亦提攜無數後輩。2014年2月因肺癌離世，終年71歲，影壇齊聲悼念呢位永遠嘅燕赤霞。 ## 胡耀輝 / . A Hong Kong film and television director recorded in specialist reference works, Woo Yiu-fai reflects a signature trait of Hong Kong's entertainment industry — creators who move fluidly across film, television and the stage, wearing many hats at once. 胡耀輝係香港影視導演，見於香港電影導演嘅專門文獻。香港嘅創作人常常一身多職，喺電影、電視同舞台之間游走；呢種跨界能力係香港娛樂工業嘅特色，佢嘅軌跡正正體現咗呢一點。 ## 胡鵬 / . 胡鵬 is a Hong Kong film director who has spent many years exploring the possibilities of visual storytelling. Their works document various facets of Hong Kong society and are an important member of the local film world. 胡鵬係香港影壇嘅電影導演，多年來不斷探索影像敘事嘅可能，其作品紀錄咗香港社會嘅種種面貌，係本地電影界重要嘅一員。 ## 胡樹儒 / Wu Sau-yee 1950s–2000s. Wu Sau-yee (1935–2009), a native of Zhongshan, Guangdong, was a Hong Kong cartoonist, animation producer, film director and investor who also wrote under pen names. He fell for cinema as a child in the countryside, studied fine art in Guangzhou and stayed on in Hong Kong, drawing serial comics in the shack areas around Western Market and founding his own comic-book publisher at twenty. Moving into advertising in the 1960s he set up Hong Kong Cartoon, whose television commercials became landmarks of the decade. In 1973 he formed a film company with Law Hoi-muk and James Wong, producing two features and backing King Hu's Raining in the Mountain, and in 1979 co-founded another that produced Ann Hui's debut feature. In 1981 the animated Old Master Q, which he co-directed, became Hong Kong's first colour commercial animated feature and won Best Animation at the 18th Golden Horse Awards; he also brought the first Doraemon film to Hong Kong screens. He died on 7 June 2009. 胡樹儒（1935–2009），廣東中山人，香港漫畫家、動畫製作人、電影導演兼投資者，筆名蝴蝶夢、胡椒、WOO。佢童年喺鄉間已愛上電影，中學時到廣州讀美術中學，後來留港，住上環街市一帶木屋區，受僱畫連環圖，二十歲創立蝴蝶圖書公司自行出版。1960年代佢投身廣告業，創辦香港卡通公司，成名作係1970年代嘅綠寶橙汁電視廣告。1973年佢同羅開睦、黃霑合組寶鼎電影，出品《天堂》同《大家樂》，並投資胡金銓《空山靈雨》，1979年再合組比高電影，出品許鞍華處女作《瘋劫》。1981年佢與謝金塗、蔡志忠聯合執導嘅《七彩卡通老夫子》係香港首部彩色商業動畫電影，獲第18屆金馬獎最佳卡通片；佢亦引入香港首部上映嘅多啦A夢電影《八寶叮噹大電影》。2009年6月7日逝世。 ## 胡蝶影 / Wu Tip-ying Performances 1933–1953. Wu Tip-ying (1911–2004), born Wu Pui-wan in Zhongshan, Guangdong, was a Cantonese opera and opera performer long based in the United States who appeared in about seventeen films. In 1933 she starred with Kwan Tak-hing in San Francisco in what was the first Cantonese-language sound film made outside China. In 1936 she joined a touring Cantonese opera troupe, appearing in classic roles at a Sheung Wan theatre. In 1939 she financed her own production company, whose first film cast her in a dual role and was billed as her farewell to the screen. In 1952 she travelled to Hawaii to shoot a colour Cantonese film, flying with the painter Zhang Daqian, and gave charity performances there of a Chinese sword dance and an English-language song that raised more than US$20,000; further charity shows in Bangkok followed in 1953. She died on 12 November 2004. 胡蝶影（1911–2004），原名胡佩環，又名胡德馨，籍貫廣東中山，係長年活躍於美國嘅粵劇同歌劇演員，參演約十七齣電影。1933年佢喺美國三藩市同關德興合演《歌侶情潮》，該片係中國以外地區第一齣粵語有聲電影。1936年4月佢參加「新蝶魂男女劇團」，喺上環高陞戲院同關德興、梁麗雲等演出《楊貴妃》、《白骨美人》等劇目。1939年佢自資成立胡蝶影影業公司，出品嘅首作《南國姊妹花》由佢一人分飾小蝶同周雲英，當年聲稱係息影之作。1952年佢赴夏威夷檀香山拍攝彩色粵語片《檀島佳人》，同機仲有國畫大師張大千，途中應當地華僑婦女會邀請義演中國古劍舞同英語《天女散花》，籌得二萬多美元；1953年再赴曼谷義演。佢2004年11月12日逝世。 ## 吳永剛 / . 吳永剛 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 吳永剛係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 吳祖光 / . 吳祖光 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 吳祖光係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 吳君如 / Sandra Ng 1982–present. Sandra Ng, born in 1965 and nicknamed Third Aunt, is a Hong Kong actress and one of the most influential female comedians in the Chinese-speaking world, as well as the highest-grossing actress in Hong Kong film history with cumulative box office of around HK$700 million; she has appeared in more than a hundred films. In 1999 she won best actress at the 18th Hong Kong Film Awards, the Golden Bauhinia Awards and the Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards for her role in a Young and Dangerous spin-off, and in 2003 she took best actress at the 40th Golden Horse Awards for Golden Chicken. Her father was the Cantonese cinema actor Ha Chun-chau, long-time host of a televised lottery draw, and her partner is the director Peter Chan; they have a daughter. She grew up in Central and North Point and attended a girls' school there, disliking study and doing poorly in the school certificate examination. After finishing Form Five at seventeen in 1982, she joined the twelfth actor training class of Television Broadcasts through her father's contacts, signed with the station in 1983 and initially played minor roles before being moved to the long-running variety show Enjoy Yourself Tonight, where a colleague's departure gave her her break; she went on to appear in comedies opposite Stephen Chow. From the late 1980s she moved into film, excelling in comic roles in the God of Gamblers and Inspector Wears Skirts series and family comedies, later changing gear with a self-financed drama, and in 2017 she made her directorial debut. 吳君如1965年生，外號三姑，係香港女演員，華人地區具影響力嘅女諧星，亦係香港電影史上累積票房收入最高嘅女演員（累計票房收入約7億），出道至今已拍攝逾百部電影。1999年佢憑《古惑仔情義篇之洪興十三妹》獲頒第18屆香港電影金像獎最佳女主角、香港電影金紫荊獎最佳女主角及香港電影評論學會大獎最佳女演員等影后獎項；2003年憑《金雞》獲得第40屆金馬獎最佳女主角。吳君如父親為粵語長片演員、曾主持亞洲電視《六合彩》攪珠節目多年嘅夏春秋（冬叔），伴侶為導演陳可辛，育有一女陳是知。佢早年在香港島中環及北角成長，就讀聖士提反女子中學附屬幼稚園、附屬小學及中學，不喜歡讀書，香港中學會考成績表現較差；1982年17歲中五畢業後透過父親穿針引線，加入第12期無綫電視藝員訓練班，1983年畢業後簽約無綫，初年主要飾演閒角，後來被調入長壽節目《歡樂今宵》，適逢林建明離開而乘勢上位，其後參演《鬥氣一族》（與周星馳做對手戲）、《錯體姻緣》等劇集。1980年代後期佢轉往電影圈發展，擅演搞笑角色，主演《賭聖》系列、《霸王花》系列、《家有喜事》等；其後改變戲路，自資拍攝電影《四面夏娃》。2017年佢首次執導電影《妖鈴鈴》。 ## 熊欣欣 / . 熊欣欣 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 熊欣欣係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 任護花 / Yam Wu-fa 1930s–1976. Yam Wu-fa, who also wrote under the pen name Chow Pak-ping, was a 1930s Guangzhou journalist, film critic, popular novelist, newspaper proprietor and celebrated Cantonese opera playwright. He directed more than twenty films, took over and ran a newspaper before the war, and founded two newspapers after it. His wife was the well-known dancer Zi Putao, and their second son graduated from King's College in Hong Kong before leaving for medical school at the University of California in September 1962. Yam died in Hong Kong on 26 July 1976. His serialised novels carried titles such as Big Battle with the Scheming Deep, Big Battle with the Chicago Gang and Blood Battle in Austria, mostly adventure, mystery and detective stories of the kind that fed the appetite for popular serial fiction in the Cantonese press of his day. 任護花（筆名周白蘋）係三十年代廣州記者、影評人、流行小說作家、辦報人及著名粵劇編劇家。佢曾經執導嘅電影達超過20部，另外在戰前收購《先導報》經營，戰後創辦《先導日報》同《紅綠日報》。佢嘅妻子係著名舞星紫葡萄（馮翠華），兩人嘅第二位兒子任忠章係香港英皇書院畢業生，1962年9月到美國加州大學讀醫科。1976年7月26日任護花在香港病逝。佢嘅流行小說作品包括《大戰扭計深》、《大戰玻璃黨》、《大鬧墨西哥》、《大鬧紐約》、《大戰芝加哥》、《橫渡太平洋》、《大破暗殺團》、《大鬧上海》、《大戰三K黨》、《再鬧紐約》、《血戰奧大利》等，多以冒險、奇情同偵探題材為主，反映當時省港報刊連載小說嘅通俗閱讀風氣。 ## 嚴俊 / Yan Jun 1940s–1980. Yan Jun (1917–1980), born Yan Zongqi, was an early Chinese actor and director nicknamed the actor of a thousand faces. Of Mongolian descent and registered in Nanjing, he was born in Beiping and studied chemistry at Fu Jen Catholic University until the war forced him to drop out. He then worked in Shanghai theatre, making his film debut in a Xinhua production, and after the war against Japan joined Great Wall Film Company for films such as a melodrama about a fallen woman, moving to Hong Kong in 1948. His first film as director was a 1950s drama, and he shot to fame with a later picture. In 1957 he married the celebrated actress Li Lihua; in the 1970s heart trouble ended his career and the couple emigrated to the United States. His mother died in mainland China on 17 July 1980, and a month later, on the morning of 18 August 1980, Yan Jun himself died of a heart attack in a New Jersey hospital, aged 63. 嚴俊（1917–1980），原名嚴宗琦，係中國早期演員兼導演，有「千面小生」之稱。佢原籍蒙古，落籍南京，生於北平，年輕時在北平輔仁大學攻讀化學系，因戰爭被迫輟學，後來轉到上海從事舞台劇演出，第一部電影係新華影業嘅《貴婦風流》。抗戰勝利後佢加入長城電影公司，拍攝《蕩婦心》等電影，1948年移居香港。嚴俊執導嘅第一部電影係《巫山盟》，後來憑電影《翠翠》一炮而紅。1957年佢與著名影星李麗華結婚；1970年代佢因心臟病息影，與妻子李麗華移民美國。1980年7月17日嚴俊母親在中國大陸與世長辭，一個月後嘅8月18日早晨，嚴俊在美國新澤西醫院因心臟病發逝世，終年63歲。 ## 楊群 / . Born in 1934, Yang Chun was a heavyweight leading man of the 1950s-60s Mandarin and Cantonese screens, twice crowned Golden Horse Award Best Actor. He later turned producer and moved to Los Angeles, where he died in December 2022, aged 88 — among the last of the Mandarin-cinema golden-age stars. 楊群1934年出世，係五六十年代港台影壇嘅重量級小生，曾兩度榮膺金馬獎最佳男主角，演出橫跨國語同粵語片。七十年代佢自組公司轉做幕後，監製多部影片，其後移居美國洛杉磯，晚年仍不時參與演出。2022年12月佢喺洛杉磯病逝，終年88歲，象徵住國語片黃金時代最後一批巨星嘅隕落。 ## 楊紫燁 / Ruby Yang 1990s–present. Born in Hong Kong and emigrating to the United States in 1977, Ruby Yang is a Chinese film-maker who edited films including The Joy Luck Club, Xiu Xiu and Autumn in New York. Her first documentary as director, shot around Hong Kong's 1997 handover, was her entry to the form. Her 2006 film The Blood of Yingzhou District, following families affected by AIDS in Anhui province, won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Subject; The Warriors of Qiugang was nominated in the same category in 2011. Her 2015 film My Voice, My Life won the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild award for best new director, and she founded the Hong Kong Documentary Initiative. 楊紫燁喺香港出世，1977年移民美國，係華人電影工作者。佢曾參與《喜福會》《天浴》《紐約深秋》等片嘅剪接工作，首部執導紀錄片係以1997年香港回歸為主題嘅《風雨故園》。2006年佢執導嘅《潁州的孩子》追蹤安徽阜陽潁州地區受愛滋病影響嘅家庭，獲第79屆奧斯卡最佳紀錄短片獎；另一部《仇崗衛士》於2011年獲奧斯卡最佳紀錄短片獎提名。2015年佢憑《爭氣》奪得第9屆香港電影導演會年度大獎新晉導演獎，並係香港紀錄片拓展計劃嘅創辦人。 ## 邱禮濤 / Herman Yau 1980s–present. Herman Yau, born in 1961, is a Hong Kong film director, cinematographer, screenwriter, producer and actor, and a member of the Hong Kong Society of Cinematographers and the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild. Of Chaozhou descent and raised in Kennedy Town on Hong Kong Island, he attended a secondary school there, studied film in the communication department of Hong Kong Baptist College and later took cultural studies degrees at Lingnan University. He entered the industry in the 1980s as a cinematographer. His 1993 film about a notorious murderer created a sensation in the Category III market, and his subsequent work has ranged across horror, comedy and crime. His 2017 bomb-disposal thriller and a 2019 undercover crime sequel both set box-office records for Hong Kong films on the mainland, the latter also becoming Hong Kong's submission for the Academy Award for best international feature. He is active in film education and cultural research, having taught film courses at several tertiary institutions and served as a professional adviser to the Arts Development Council and the Hong Kong International Film Festival; he received a distinguished alumni service award from Lingnan University in 2018 and an honorary fellowship from Hong Kong Baptist University in 2020. Known for fast, disciplined shooting and a sure grasp of genre, he is among Hong Kong's most dependable commercial directors. 邱禮濤1961年生，係香港電影導演、攝影指導、編劇、製片及演員，現為香港專業電影攝影師學會成員和香港電影導演會會員。佢籍貫廣東潮州，早年於香港島堅尼地城一帶成長，曾就讀聖貞德中學，其後於香港浸會學院傳理系修讀電影，並先後於嶺南大學取得文化研究學位。邱禮濤八十年代以攝影師身份入行，1993年執導《八仙飯店之人肉叉燒包》開創三級片類型奇觀，其後作品類型橫跨驚慄、喜劇、警匪等；2017年執導嘅《拆彈專家》及2019年嘅《掃毒2天地對決》均創下港產片在中國大陸票房紀錄，後者更代表香港角逐奧斯卡最佳國際影片獎。佢同時活躍於電影教育及文化研究領域，曾任多間大專院校電影課程導師，並擔任香港藝術發展局及香港國際電影節專業顧問；2018年獲嶺南大學頒發「傑出校友服務獎」，2020年獲香港浸會大學授予「榮譽大學院士」銜。邱禮濤以拍攝效率高、類型掌握準確見稱，係近年香港最穩定嘅商業片導演之一。 ## 邱家雄 / . 邱家雄 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 邱家雄係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 游乃海 / 1990s–present. Born in 1968, Yau Nai-hoi is a Hong Kong screenwriter and director who worked at TVB and United Filmmakers before becoming part of the creative core of Milkyway Image. He won the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Screenplay twice, for Running on Karma and Election, and the Golden Horse Award for Best Original Screenplay for PTU, Throw Down and Election. In 2006 he made his directorial debut with Eye in the Sky, turning surveillance-team routine into cool, restrained urban observation. 游乃海1968年出世，廣東南海人，香港編劇兼導演，先後效力無綫電視、大都會電影製作同銀河映像。佢係銀河映像嘅編劇核心，憑《大隻佬》同《黑社會》兩度奪得香港電影金像獎最佳編劇，《PTU》《柔道龍虎榜》《黑社會》就為佢拎到金馬獎最佳原著劇本。2006年佢首次自編自導《跟蹤》，將跟蹤隊嘅日常拍成冷靜克制嘅城市觀察，開出銀河映像另一條路線。 ## 游達志 / Patrick Yau Tat-chi 1985–present. Patrick Yau Tat-chi, born in Malaysia in 1964 to a Nanhai family from Guangdong, is a Hong Kong film director and screenwriter and one of the founding members of Milkyway Image. He joined Television Broadcasts' news division as an assistant in 1985, moved to the drama unit as an assistant director in 1987 and became a director there in 1990. From 1991 to 1996 he made dramas and television films for Malaysia's RTM and produced television films and serials for Hong Kong Cable Television. He entered cinema in 1996 as executive director on Johnnie To's Lifeline and directed his first feature in 1997. In 1998 one of his films won the Hong Kong Film Critics Society's best screenplay award, while another brought him a best director nomination at the 18th Hong Kong Film Awards; both were named recommended films by the society. After a 2001 feature he returned to television and became a cross-regional director working in Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan and mainland China, concentrating since 2014 on mainland television dramas. 游達志1964年生於馬來西亞，原籍廣東佛山南海，香港電影導演同編劇，係銀河映像早期創始成員之一。1985年佢任職無綫電視新聞部助理，1987年轉任戲劇組助理編導，1990年晉升為戲劇組編導；1991至1996年為馬來西亞電視RTM拍攝電視劇同電視電影，期間亦為香港有線電視監製電視電影及劇集。1996年佢轉進電影圈，為杜琪峯《十萬火急》當執行導演，1997年首次正式執導《兩個只能活一個》；1998年《非常突然》獲第五屆香港電影評論學會最佳劇本獎，《暗花》獲第18屆香港電影金像獎最佳導演提名，兩片同時入選電影評論學會「推薦電影」。2001年執導《廢柴同盟》後佢重回電視圈，成為跨區影視導演，工作地點由香港、台灣擴展至新加坡、馬來西亞同中國大陸；2014年後以在內地拍攝電視劇為主，作品有《湄公河大案》、《無心法師II》、《三國機密之潛龍在淵》、《鏡·雙城》、《雲襄傳》等。 ## 奚仲文 / . Kenneth Yee Chung-man is Hong Kong cinema's grandmaster of production and costume design. From the ethereal netherworld of A Chinese Ghost Story he won the Hong Kong Film Award eight times across art direction and costume, working on Comrades: Almost a Love Story, Perhaps Love, Curse of the Golden Flower and Monster Hunt, and earned an Oscar nomination for Best Costume Design in 2007. He also directed Anna Magdalena and designed for Jacky Cheung's albums and the musical Snow Wolf Lake. 奚仲文係香港電影美術同造型設計嘅殿堂級人物，由《倩女幽魂》飄渺嘅幽冥世界開始，八度奪得香港電影金像獎最佳美術指導或造型設計，《甜蜜蜜》《如果·愛》《滿城盡帶黃金甲》《捉妖記》都出自佢手，2007年更憑《滿城盡帶黃金甲》獲奧斯卡最佳服裝設計提名。佢亦執導過《安娜瑪德蓮娜》，並長期為張學友設計唱片同《雪狼湖》音樂劇造型，係香港視覺美學走向國際嘅代表。 ## 爾冬陞 / . Derek Yee, born in 1957 into a film family — brothers Paul Chun and David Chiang are both actors — joined the Shaw Brothers as a wuxia leading man at sixteen before turning to directing. C'est la vie, mon chéri (1993) swept the Hong Kong Film Awards for Best Film and Best Director, One Nite in Mongkok (2004) won him a second Best Director, and Protégé examined society's margins. A longtime chairman of the Hong Kong Film Awards Association, he is one of the industry's most outspoken voices. 爾冬陞1957年出世，出身電影世家，兩位同母異父兄弟秦沛同姜大衛都係演員，佢十六歲入邵氏做武俠小生，八十年代轉型導演，1993年《新不了情》橫掃金像獎最佳電影同最佳導演，2004年《旺角黑夜》再奪最佳導演，以《門徒》等作品持續關注邊緣人同社會問題。佢多年來出任香港電影金像獎協會主席等公職，敢言直諫，係影壇意見領袖。 ## 甄子丹 / Donnie Yen 1980s–present. Donnie Yen, born in Guangzhou in 1963 to famed martial artist Bow-sim Mark, moved to Boston at eleven and trained in both Chinese and Western martial arts. Discovered by Yuen Woo-ping, he rose in 1980s and 1990s Hong Kong cinema with blistering kicks in Tiger Cage and Iron Monkey, while his alley duel with Wu Jing in SPL (2005) became a fan classic. The Ip Man series (2008–), portraying the Wing Chun grandmaster, catapulted him to global fame, and roles in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story and John Wick: Chapter 4 made him one of the few Chinese action stars to headline major Hollywood films. 甄子丹1963年喺廣州出世，母親麥寶嬋係著名武術家，十一歲隨家人移居美國波士頓，自幼精通中西武術。八十年代經袁和平提攜回港入行，《洗黑錢》同《少年黃飛鴻之鐵馬騮》展現凌厲腿功，2005年《殺破狼》同吳京嘅窄巷對打至今仍是影迷經典。2008年《葉問》令佢登上事業高峰，一連四部曲將詠春宗師嘅形象帶入全球家庭。其後參演《俠盜一號：星球大戰外傳》同《殺神John Wick 4》，成為少數喺國際大片擔正嘅華人動作巨星。 ## 楊志堅 / . 楊志堅 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 楊志堅係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 楊家安 / . 楊家安 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 楊家安係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 楊逸德 / . A Hong Kong film director whose name appears in reference works on the city's cinema, Yeung Yat-tak belongs to the many currents — alongside every celebrated crest — that kept the long river of Hong Kong cinema flowing through each transition. 楊逸德係香港電影導演，名字被收錄於香港電影導演嘅文獻。香港電影嘅每次轉型都有新人湧現：有人成為浪尖，有人成為水流本身；佢屬於令呢條電影長河得以延續嘅眾多水流之一。 ## 伊雷 / James Yi Lui 1953–1999. James Yi Lui (1939–1999), born Yee Pak-lun, was a Hong Kong comedy actor and the son of Yi Chau-sui, a comedy star of the Cantonese-language cinema era; the actor Kwong Wa was his nephew. Raised in Pok Fu Lam, he was signed by Shaw Brothers as a child actor in 1953 and made his screen debut in 1954, at first only as an extra before being spotted by Cho Tat-wah. In 1973 he wrote and starred in his first leading role and became a household name the same year with another self-written comedy, then co-founded a production company with Chan Koon-tai in 1974 and his own in 1978, once appearing in more than twenty films in a single year. His self-directed films include three comedies released between 1978 and 1989. He was also prolific on television, notably in the 1987 family serial, and won six annual cinema-star awards between 1973 and 1978. He died on 16 February 1999. 伊雷（1939–1999），原名伊柏麟，香港喜劇演員，係粵語長片喜劇明星伊秋水之子，演員江華係佢外甥。佢喺薄扶林道長大，讀摩理臣山官立小學同英皇書院，1953年讀中三時同邵氏簽約做童星，1954年首部電影《獨立橋之戀》，初期只做臨時演員，後獲曹達華提拔。1973年佢自編自演《春滿丹麥》首次擔正，同年再自編自演《阿福正傳》而走紅，1974年與陳觀泰合資大聖電影公司，1978年自組大馬影業，高峰一年接拍逾廿部電影，自導自演作品包括《谷爆》、《鲨鱼烧卖》同《猛鬼山坟》。佢亦活躍電視，1987年喺《季節》飾演孻叔；1973至1978年間六度獲《華僑晚報》十大影劇明星金球獎。1999年2月16日逝世。 ## 易文 / 1950s–1970s. Born in Beijing in 1920 as Yang Yen-chi and also known by the pen names Zhuge Lang and Sima Qingshan, Yi Wen graduated from St. John's University, Shanghai, in 1941 and began writing scripts for Hong Kong studios in 1948, adopting the name Yi Wen in 1951. He directed more than forty films — among them Air Hostess, Youth and Tender Love — popular Mandarin-language melodramas of the 1950s and 60s, and was the most prolific lyricist among Hong Kong film directors, with songs such as The Second Spring. From 1967 he was a contract lyricist for EMI. He died in 1978 aged 57. 易文1920年生於北京，原名楊彥岐，別名諸葛郎、司馬青杉，係香港著名導演同歌曲填詞人。佢1941年畢業於上海聖約翰大學文學系，1948年起喺香港為影片公司寫劇本，1951年開始用「易文」做筆名。佢執導過四十多部電影，《空中小姐》《青春兒女》《溫柔鄉》等都係五六十年代嘅賣座文藝片；同時佢係電影導演中寫詞最多嘅一位，《第二春》等詞作傳唱一時，1967年後成為百代唱片嘅合約詞人。1978年因呼吸系統衰竭逝世，終年57歲。 ## 嚴浩 / . Yim Ho, born in 1952, graduated from the London Film School and helped open the Hong Kong New Wave with his 1978 debut feature. Homecoming (1984), a meditation on roots and time, won Best Film and Best Director at the Hong Kong Film Awards, and Red Dust (1990) took multiple Golden Horse prizes, while The Sun Has Ears continued his probing of history and humanity. 嚴浩1952年出世，英國倫敦電影學校畢業，1978年以《茄哩啡》開啟香港新浪潮，1984年《似水流年》以返鄉探親嘅旅程寫盡人生滄桑，奪得香港電影金像獎最佳電影同最佳導演。1990年《滾滾紅塵》再奪金馬獎多個大獎，其後持續以《太陽有耳》等作品探索歷史同人性。 ## 葉成康 / . 葉成康 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 葉成康係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 葉天行 / . 葉天行 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 葉天行係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 葉偉信 / . Wilson Yip, born in 1963, rose from production assistant, breaking through with Bullets Over Summer (1999) and reviving Hong Kong action with SPL (2005). The Ip Man series (2008–), starring Donnie Yen as the Wing Chun grandmaster, became the defining kung-fu franchise of the new century and established him among top Chinese commercial directors. 葉偉信1963年出世，由場記做起，九十年代末以《爆裂刑警》嶄露頭角，2005年《殺破狼》重振港式動作片聲威。2008年起執導《葉問》系列，一連四部曲令甄子丹嘅詠春宗師形象風靡全球，成為新世紀最具代表性嘅功夫片系列，亦令佢躋身華語頂級商業導演之列。 ## 葉偉民 / . 葉偉民 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 葉偉民係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 葉偉英 / . 葉偉英 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 葉偉英係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 葉榮祖 / Teddy Yip Wing-cho late 1960s–2003. Teddy Yip Wing-cho (1945–2003), whose ancestral home was Ningbo in Zhejiang, was a Hong Kong film worker active from the late 1960s to the 2000s, nicknamed Uncle Yip in the trade. He first made his name as a director, having started as a camera assistant, and in later years mainly handled studio administration while taking occasional screen cameos. The second son of Yip Yat-fong, a Shanghai film writer active from the late 1930s, and former husband of the screenwriter Cheung Wan, he was born on the mainland and came to Hong Kong after finishing high school to follow his father into the business. He began at Great Wall and Feng Huang as a machinery hand and camera assistant, joined Shaw Brothers in the late 1960s as an assistant director under Lo Wei, and was promoted to director in 1970. When Raymond Chow founded Golden Harvest in 1971 he moved there with Lo Wei, and he later shot films in Taiwan and Thailand. Back in Hong Kong in 1982 he managed Lo Wei's company, joined D&B Films' production arm in the mid-1980s to arrange and then run the Kinshing studio lot, and set up his own company in 1990. He appeared in nearly a hundred films, mostly comic bit parts, and died while shooting in Shanghai in 2003. 葉榮祖（1945–2003），祖籍浙江寧波，係活躍於1960年代末至2000年代嘅香港電影從業者，行內暱稱「也叔」，早期以擔任導演成名，最初做攝影助理，後期主要負責電影公司行政工作，不時客串幕前演出。佢係家中次子，父親葉逸芳係1930年代末起活躍嘅上海電影人兼編劇，前妻蔣芸亦係電影編劇；佢在中國大陸出生，十八歲高中畢業後來港（約1963年）隨父入行，最初任職長城、鳳凰影業，做機械組小工同攝影助理，1960年代末轉投邵氏，在羅維屬下任副導演。1970年佢獲提拔為導演，執導《鬼太監》（1971年上映）；1971年鄒文懷創立嘉禾，佢隨羅維轉投嘉禾，同年執導《刀不留人》，亦曾與父親一編一導合作，70年代後期更到台灣、泰國拍片。1982年佢回港任羅維影片公司經理，80年代中期加入德寶電影公司製作部，洽妥租用堅成片場後擔任廠長，1990年自立金葉電影公司；1980至90年代佢幕前演出近百部電影，多演喜劇諧角，2003年應邀在上海拍片期間離世。 ## 楊凡 / . A former fashion and celebrity photographer, Yonfan brings a painterly eye to his films. Last Romance (1984), adapted from Yi Shu's novel with Maggie Cheung and Cherie Chung, became a defining Hong Kong film about female friendship. Bishonen (1998) made Daniel Wu a star with its delicate portrait of same-sex love, while his 2001 film starring Joey Wong and Rie Miyazawa won international attention for its sumptuous aesthetics. 楊凡係攝影師出身嘅導演，早年以時裝同名人攝影聞名，畫面美學極度考究。1984年佢改編亦舒小說執導《流金歲月》，由張曼玉、鍾楚紅演繹兩個女子嘅多年友情，成為八十年代香港女性電影嘅經典。1998年《美少年之戀》由吳彥祖、馮德倫、楊采妮主演，以纖細筆觸寫男同性戀情感，令吳彥祖一舉成名；2001年《遊園驚夢》由王祖賢、宮澤理惠演出崑曲名伶嘅情慾糾葛，獲得國際注目。佢嘅電影始終保持華麗唯美嘅個人風格。 ## 楊采妮 / Charlie Yeung 1992–1997; 2003–present. Charlie Yeung, born in Taiwan in 1974 to a Shanghai-born Hong Kong father and a Taiwanese mother, moved to Hong Kong at three, studied at Good Hope School and went to the United States at fifteen. She came to notice in a 1992 TSL jewellery commercial with Aaron Kwok, released her first album in 1993 and won the 1994 Ultimate Song Chart gold award for best new female singer. Her films include Ashes of Time, The Lovers, Fallen Angels and Intimates, the last of which paired her with Nicky Wu in what became an era-defining romance. In 1997 she withdrew from show business to run an image consultancy in Malaysia; when the business failed in 2003 she made a full comeback with New Police Story and went on to appear in Seven Swords, After This Our Exile and Cold War, establishing herself as a serious actress. Her first screenplay, Christmas Rose, written over three years, won the outstanding script award at the 7th Hong Kong-Asia Film Financing Forum, and in 2013 the film, which she produced and directed, was released. 楊采妮1974年生於台灣，父親係上海籍香港人，母親係台灣人，三歲隨父母移居香港，讀德望學校，十五歲到美國升學。1992年佢同郭富城合作拍謝瑞麟珠寶廣告而為人認識，1993年推出首張唱片《愛的感覺》，憑《不會哭於你面前》等歌奪得1994年叱咤樂壇生力軍女歌手金獎。電影方面，佢演過《東邪西毒》、《梁祝》、《墮落天使》、《自梳》等片，其中同吳奇隆合演嘅《梁祝》成為一代經典。1997年佢宣布退出娛樂圈，喺馬來西亞開形象顧問公司；2003年公司倒閉，佢全面復出，拍攝《新警察故事》，其後演出《七劍》、《父子》、《寒戰》等，躋身演技派。2009年佢花三年寫成嘅首個劇本《聖誕玫瑰》獲第七屆香港亞洲電影投資會卓越劇本獎，2013年由佢監製兼執導嘅《聖誕玫瑰》正式上映。 ## 俞亮 / . 俞亮 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 俞亮係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 余力為 / . 余力為 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 余力為係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 餘明生 / . 餘明生 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 餘明生係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 于仁泰 / 1970s–present. Born in 1950, Ronny Yu has worked on both sides of the Pacific. Early films such as The Bride with White Hair and The Phantom Lover brought operatic romance to Hong Kong genre cinema; in Hollywood he earned the nickname 'the Ghost King' with Bride of Chucky and Freddy vs. Jason, the latter opening to US$36.4 million in North America and topping the box office. He returned to Chinese-language cinema with Fearless (2006), lifting the kung fu film toward martial philosophy — one of the few Chinese directors with a US$100 million gross. 于仁泰1950年出世，係喺香港同美國兩地發展嘅導演兼編劇。佢早年拍《白髮魔女傳》《夜半歌聲》，將文藝嘅淒美注入類型電影；九十年代進軍荷李活，憑《鬼娃新娘》同《佛萊迪大戰傑森之開膛破肚》被稱為「鬼王」，後者北美開畫收3,640萬美元，成為北美票房冠軍。2006年佢回歸華語影壇執導《霍元甲》，將功夫片提升到武學哲學嘅層次，係少數在荷李活有過億票房嘅華人導演。 ## 余偉國 / . A Hong Kong film and television director recorded in reference works on the city's cinema, Yu Wai-kwok was forged in Hong Kong's signature constraint — limited locations, limited schedules, unlimited invention — where finding style within limits became an art in itself. 余偉國係香港影視導演，名字見於香港電影導演嘅文獻。香港影像創作嘅特色係「喺限制中尋找風格」：場地有限、時間有限，但創意唔有限；佢係喺呢種環境入面磨練出嚟嘅創作人。 ## 袁俊／張駿祥 / . 袁俊／張駿祥 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 袁俊／張駿祥係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 岳楓 / . 岳楓 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 岳楓係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 夏令震 / . 夏令震 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 夏令震係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 袁振洋 / . Yuen Chun-yeung, born in Hong Kong in 1952, nephew of Yuen Siu-tin and cousin of Yuen Woo-ping, was a pillar of the Yuen clan of martial-arts choreographers — a child extra at twelve, a stuntman at fifteen, then an action director with multiple HKFA nominations for The Miracle Fighters, Armour of God and Blade of Fury. He directed The Champions (1983), but while making The Story of Bodhidharma in 1994 he had a spiritual awakening, was ordained as Master Sik Chun Bun in Taiwan, and now heads two Hong Kong temples — cinema's most remarkable journey from martial arts to Zen. 袁振洋1952年生於香港，袁小田嘅侄子、袁和平嘅堂弟，袁家班骨幹：十二歲做臨時演員，十五歲入龍虎武師，其後成為武術指導，憑《奇門遁甲》《龍兄虎弟》《群龍戲鳳》多次獲金像獎動作指導提名。1983年執導《波牛》，1994年拍《達摩祖師傳》期間有所感悟，於台灣妙通寺剃度出家，法號釋傳般，放下如日中天嘅電影事業，現為香港佛教導航精舍同般若禪寺住持，係香港影壇最傳奇嘅「由武入禪」。 ## 袁祥仁 / Yuen Cheung-yan late 1960s–2026. Yuen Cheung-yan (1947–2026), also known as Yuen Cheung-yan of the Yuen clan, was a Hong Kong director, martial arts choreographer and action actor — a son of choreographer Yuen Siu-tien, younger brother of Yuen Woo-ping and elder brother of Yuen Shun-yi. He trained in martial arts from childhood with his brothers under their father and began as a stunt double; from the late 1960s he was credited as an assistant action director, working on Chang Cheh pictures under senior brother Tong Kai, and by the mid-1970s he was a well-known choreographer at Shaw Brothers, collaborating with Chor Yuen and Ho Meng-hua on hits such as The Magic Blade and Hong Kong Criminal Case. When Taiwanese kung fu films boomed at the turn of the 1980s he worked on both sides of the strait, then joined his brothers in the Yuen Clan to support Yuen Woo-ping, contributing to most of the Peace Film Company's output and establishing the clan's reputation. A keen cameo performer, he is best remembered as the beggar who sells a legendary martial arts manual in Kung Fu Hustle and as the beggar teaching a dream-fist technique in King of Beggars, and he was the action director on the Hollywood film Daredevil. He died in a Hong Kong hospital on 1 January 2026. 袁祥仁（1947–2026），又名袁長仁，係香港導演、武術指導同武打演員，為武術指導袁小田之子、袁和平胞弟、袁信義胞兄。佢自幼與兄弟隨父親習武，早年做替身演員；1960年代末開始掛名助理武術指導，跟大師兄唐佳做過張徹《保鏢》、《報仇》、《遊俠兒》等片嘅武指，到1970年代中期在邵氏已小有名氣，並與楚原、何夢華合作《流星蝴蝶劍》、《香港奇案》等作。1970年代末至1980年代初台灣功夫片潮起，佢港台兩地走，其後與兄弟組成「袁家班」助大哥袁和平，參與和平電影公司絕大多數創作，由《勇者無懼》、《佛掌羅漢拳》、《奇門遁甲》到《霍元甲》（1982年）、《鬼馬天師》等，打響「袁家班」旗號。佢十分熱衷客串演出，《功夫》中賣《如來神掌》嘅老乞丐、《武狀元蘇乞兒》教睡夢羅漢拳嘅乞丐都為人熟悉，亦曾反串老太太，並任好萊塢電影《夜魔俠》嘅武術指導。2026年1月1日佢在香港伊利沙伯醫院病逝。 ## 元奎 / Corey Yuen 1970–2022. Corey Yuen Kwai (1951–2022), born Yan Kong-man, was a Hong Kong director, action choreographer, producer and actor, one of the Seven Little Fortunes who trained under the Peking-opera master Yu Jim-yuen. He learned alongside Sammo Hung, Jackie Chan and Yuen Biao, and the seven were billed together as the Seven Little Fortunes. He became a stuntman in 1970 and later a full action director on films such as Zu: Warriors from the Magic Mountain and Dragon Lord. Invited back to Hong Kong by Ng See-yuen, he directed his debut feature in 1982 and went on to direct dozens of films, among them Fong Sai-yuk, All for the Winner and New Fist of Fury (1991). He was Jet Li's favoured action director and followed him to Hollywood, designing the fights for a string of major American productions with conspicuous success, while remaining a low-profile figure who rarely appeared in public. 元奎1951年出世，原名殷港民，係香港導演、武術指導、監製同演員，「七小福」之一，師承京劇大師于占元，2022年逝世。佢早年在于占元門下同洪金寶、成龍、元彪等人一齊學藝，七人合稱「七小福」；1970年起佢出任龍虎武師，其後正式擔任武術指導，參與過《新蜀山劍俠》、《龍少爺》、《地獄無門》等片。1982年佢應吳思遠邀請返港執導處女作《龍之忍者》，其後執導《方世玉》、《漫畫威龍》、《賭聖》、《新精武門1991》等數十部電影。元奎亦係李連杰嘅御用動作導演，後來隨李連杰去荷里活發展，為多部荷里活大片設計動作，成績相當耀眼，不過佢為人低調、甚少公開露面。 ## 袁浩泉 / Yuen Ho-chuen 1970s–1990s. Born in 1950, Yuen Ho-chuen was a Hong Kong director, actor and ATV producer active in the 1970s and 80s. He performed in radio drama at Rediffusion in the 1960s and worked as a host and behind the scenes at RTV, formally joining the station in 1973. Between 1975 and 1977 he directed series including Ten Great Swindles and Big Family, during which the future producer Wong Sum-wai served as his assistant director. He left RTV in 1978, directed his first feature Whirlpool and signed with Shaw Brothers, serving as quality-control and production manager from 1982 to 1985. He later production-managed for Johnny Mak's company and produced series at ATV from 1986 to 1989. 袁浩泉1950年出世，活躍喺1970至1980年代，身兼香港導演、演員，做過亞洲電視劇集監製。早喺1960年代，佢已經演出麗的呼聲嘅廣播劇，又喺麗的映聲做主持，同時兼顧幕後。1973年佢正式入麗的電視；1975至1977年間編導過《大丈夫》、《大件事》、《三兄弟》、《十大騙案》同《大家姐與大狂魔》等劇集，而後來做咗著名監製嘅王心慰，當時就係佢手下嘅助理編導。1978年離開麗的之後，佢簽約邵氏兄弟，並執導首部電影《漩渦》；1982年起出任品質控制經理兼製作經理，做到1985年。之後佢為麥當雄嘅電影公司擔任製作經理，1986至1989年重回亞洲電視做劇集監製。 ## 袁錦麟 / . 袁錦麟 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 袁錦麟係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 袁建滔 / Toe Yuen Kin-to 1990s–present. Toe Yuen Kin-to is a Hong Kong animation director, editor and writer. A comics enthusiast from secondary school, he originally aspired to be a comic artist but concluded his drawing was not good enough. After graduating in film from Hong Kong Baptist College in 1991 he edited a comics review magazine and wrote for Television Broadcasts' variety unit, then moved into visual effects and computer animation at a special-effects company; in his spare time his animated shorts won the local independent short film and video awards in two consecutive years. In 1997 he was invited by the author of the McDull comics to build an animation team for a television series, and in 2001 he directed his first animated feature, which won Best Animation at the 39th Golden Horse Awards and the top prize at the Annecy International Animation Film Festival. Later works include two further McDull-related features and, in 2025, a dialogue-free film nominated at the 62nd Golden Horse Awards. 袁建滔係香港動畫電影導演、剪接師同編劇。佢中學時期已熱愛漫畫，常流連表哥彭志銘開設嘅「次文化堂」，本立志做漫畫家，後自覺畫技未及標準而放棄。1991年佢畢業於香港浸會學院傳理系（主修電影），曾任漫畫評論雜誌主編同無綫電視綜藝組編劇，參與《歡樂今宵》製作，因覺沉悶而轉投特技公司Magic Touch，投身電影特技同電腦動畫；工餘憑《說文解字》、《球迷奇遇記》連續兩屆獲香港獨立短片及錄像比賽動畫組獎項。1997年佢應謝立文邀請籌組Lunchtime Production拍攝《麥嘜動畫》，2001年執導首部動畫長片《麥兜故事》，奪第39屆金馬獎最佳動畫長片同法國安錫國際動畫影展最佳電影。其後作品包括《麥兜菠蘿油王子》、《長江七號愛地球》，2025年《小蟲蟲大冒險》入圍第62屆金馬獎最佳動畫片。 ## 元秋 / . A female member of the Yu Chim-yuen opera school's Yuen generation, Yuen Qiu trained in Peking opera and martial arts, working years as a stuntwoman before retiring. In 2004 Stephen Chow persuaded her back as the Landlady in Kung Fu Hustle; the chain-smoking, lion's-roar tyrant won her the Golden Horse Award for Best Supporting Actress — one of cinema's most dramatic comebacks. 元秋係于占元門下「元字輩」女弟子，自細接受京劇同武術訓練，做過多年武師同替身，係香港影壇少見嘅女性武行。七十年代主演過幾部女俠片，其後息影多年。2004年周星馳多次登門邀請佢復出，喺《功夫》演「包租婆」，煙不離手、獅吼功震懾全場，一舉奪得金馬獎最佳女配角，成為香港影史最戲劇性嘅復出傳奇之一。 ## 阮世生 / . 阮世生 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 阮世生係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 袁和平 / . Yuen Woo-ping, born in 1945, inherited martial-arts choreography from his father Yuen Siu-tien, a legendary action director of Cantonese cinema. Leading the celebrated Yuen clan, he directed Snake in the Eagle's Shadow and Drunken Master (1978), making Jackie Chan a star and defining the kung-fu comedy, before pioneering fantasy wuxia with The Miracle Fighters (1982). In the late 1990s Hollywood came calling: his choreography for The Matrix (1999) and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) carried Hong Kong action aesthetics onto the world stage, cementing his status as the most influential action choreographer in global cinema. 袁和平1945年出世，出身武術指導世家，父親袁小田係粵語片時代著名武指，佢自幼隨父習藝，率領「袁家班」活躍影壇半世紀。1978年執導《蛇形刁手》《醉拳》，令成龍一炮而紅，亦確立功夫喜劇類型；1982年《奇門遁甲》再開玄幻武俠先河。九十年代獲荷李活邀請，為《22世紀殺人網絡》(1999) 同《臥虎藏龍》(2000) 設計動作場面，將香港武指美學帶上世界舞台，成為全球公認最具影響力嘅動作電影宗師。 ## 袁仰安 / Yuan Yang-an In Hong Kong 1947–1968. Yuan Yang-an (1905–1994), a native of Dinghai in Zhejiang, was an entertainment entrepreneur, lawyer and director; his daughter became the founder of a well-known ballet school in Hong Kong. After school in Zhoushan he moved with his family to Shanghai and graduated from Soochow University's law school, practising as a prominent lawyer there from the late 1920s to the 1940s with his own firm and serving as legal adviser to the industrialist Liu Hongsheng. He was also active in education and publishing, heading a joint Christian middle school and founding a Shanghai book and magazine publisher that issued the celebrated Liangyou pictorial. Moving to Hong Kong in 1947, he took over the then failing Great Wall film studio, reorganised it as Great Wall Film Production, and as general manager and producer-director turned it around. He left in 1957 to found a new studio, producing and directing many films himself. In October 1968 he left Hong Kong for Taiwan with the Great Wall star Chen Sisi. He died in 1994. 袁仰安（1905–1994），浙江定海人，娛樂業企業家、律師同導演，次女係毛妹芭蕾舞學校創辦人袁經綿（毛妹）。佢畢業於舟山中學後隨家人移居上海，於東吳大學法學院畢業，1920年代末至1940年代活躍於上海法律界，開設自己嘅律師事務所，並曾任實業家劉鴻生嘅法律顧問；佢亦辦教育同出版，出任華東聯合中學校長，創辦上海良友圖書出版公司並任董事長，主導出版《良友畫刊》等刊物。1947年佢移居香港接盤瀕臨倒閉嘅長城電影製片廠，改組為長城電影製片有限公司（新長城）並任總經理兼製片導演，令公司起死回生。1957年佢離開新長城，創辦新新影業，親力親為監製同導演不少影片。1968年10月佢與長城女星陳思思一同離港赴台，1994年逝世。 ## 翁維銓 / Peter Yung 1970s–present. Peter Yung, born in 1949, is a Hong Kong film director and photographer and one of the directors of the Hong Kong New Wave, alongside contemporaries such as Alex Cheung, Tsui Hark, Ann Hui, Yim Ho and Patrick Tam. He studied under James Wong Howe, the cinematographer who won Academy Awards for black-and-white cinematography in 1956 and 1964, and has served as a lecturer, adviser and committee member for tertiary institutions and professional bodies: he is a spokesman for a pro-democracy publishing fund, an executive member of the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild, a film and media arts adviser to the Hong Kong Arts Development Council, an executive committee member of the Hong Kong International Film Festival and a juror for the Hong Kong Film Awards and the Hong Kong–Asia Film Financing Forum. His films combine documentary observation with drama. Born in Hong Kong, the sixth of eight children of a Chaozhou family, he was the son of a plastics manufacturer who led a Chaozhou plastics trade association and a fellow-provincials' association. A restless student who attended many schools, he finished secondary school in 1968; a cargo-ship trip to Taiwan at fourteen sparked his interest in photography. Unable to study art in Los Angeles because of his English, he spent a year improving it at the University of Southern California before being accepted. His 1979 debut, a semi-documentary study of triad codes of conduct, is among the most realistic Hong Kong films of the late 1970s. 翁維銓1949年生，係香港電影導演及攝影家，香港新浪潮導演之一，同期知名電影製作人包括蔡繼光、徐克、許鞍華、嚴浩、譚家明等。佢師承1956年第28屆及1964年第36屆奧斯卡金像獎最佳黑白片攝影獎得主黃宗霑，歷任大專院校及協會講師／主任、顧問及委員，係中國民主出版基金發言人、香港電影導演會執行幹事、香港藝術發展局電影及媒體藝術顧問、香港國際電影節執行委員、香港電影金像獎評審委員及香港亞洲電影投資會評審委員；其電影風格結合紀錄片特色與戲劇。翁維銓生於香港，在八兄弟姊妹中排行第六，家人從潮安移居香港，父親翁銘堅係身兼潮僑塑膠廠商會會董及香港潮州市同鄉總會前會長嘅塑膠商人。佢不喜歡讀書，求學階段入讀多所學校，1967年及1968年中五與中六畢業。1963年14歲首次坐貨船到台灣遊玩，旅程中拍照記錄行程，自此接觸攝影；1968年佢原計劃到美國洛杉磯藝術中心設計學院報讀課程，礙於不懂英語而先到南加州大學修讀英文一年，之後正式獲取錄。1979年佢執導《行規》，以半紀錄式手法寫江湖規矩，係七十年代末最寫實嘅香港電影之一。 ## 翁子光 / Philip Yung 1998–present. Philip Yung Tsz-kwong, born in Huiyang, Guangdong in 1979, is a Hong Kong director, screenwriter, film critic and online broadcaster. After secondary school in Tsuen Wan he took the Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild's writing-and-directing course, worked in mid-production from 1998 as a runner, assistant director and assistant art director, and later became a producer. From 2002 he served as an officer of the Hong Kong Film Culture Centre, promoting film and video culture, and as a full member of the Hong Kong Film Critics Society and the Hong Kong Film Critics' Association he has written reviews since 2001 for outlets including Film Biweekly and am730. In 2015 his self-written and self-directed Port of Call earned nine Golden Horse Award nominations and thirteen Hong Kong Film Awards nominations, taking seven prizes including Best Screenplay and both lead acting awards — his signature work. 翁子光1979年生於廣東惠陽，係香港導演、編劇、影評人同網台節目主持。佢喺荃灣聖芳濟中學畢業後，參加香港電影導演會嘅編導訓練班，1998年起參與電影同電視嘅中期製作，做過場務、副導、助理美術，後來轉做製片，參與過《十七歲的夏天》、《追蹤眼前人》、《我是貓》等片；2002年起佢擔任電影文化中心幹事，致力推動錄影同電影文化工作。佢亦係香港電影評論學會同香港影評人協會嘅正式會員，2001年起為《電影雙周刊》、《am730》等撰寫影評。2015年佢自編自導嘅《踏血尋梅》獲第五十二屆台灣金馬獎九項提名，以及第三十五屆香港電影金像獎十三項提名，最後奪得最佳編劇、最佳男女主角等七個獎項，成為佢嘅代表作。 ## 翁秀蘭 / . 翁秀蘭 is one of Hong Kong's active film directors who has participated in the creation and production of the local film industry for many years. Their works span various screen genres, writing their own page in the diversified development of Hong Kong cinema. 翁秀蘭係香港其中一位活躍嘅電影導演，多年來參與本地電影工業嘅創作同製作，作品涵蓋銀幕類型，為香港電影嘅多元化發展寫低咗屬於自己嘅一頁。 ## 章泯 / . 章泯 is a veteran Hong Kong film professional who has long worked in the director's chair, with rich experience in camera language and actor direction, witnessing the evolution of Hong Kong cinema from its golden age to the digital era. 章泯係香港資深電影工作者，長年深耕導演崗位，對鏡頭語言同演員指導有豐富經驗，亦見證咗香港電影由黃金期到數碼時代嘅演變。 ## 張善琨 / . 張善琨 is a distinctive Hong Kong director who excels at telling Hong Kong stories through images. Their works reflect the changes of the times and the city's landscape, forming part of the local film culture. 張善琨係香港影壇一位具特色嘅導演，擅長透過影像講述香港人嘅故事，其作品反映咗時代嘅變遷同城市嘅面貌，係本地電影文化嘅一部分。 ## 張澤鳴 / . 張澤鳴 is a Hong Kong film director active across different decades, with works spanning drama, action and comedy genres, demonstrating flexible creative instincts and serving as a mainstay of the local film circle. 張澤鳴係香港電影導演，活躍於不同年代，作品涉及劇情片、動作片同喜劇等多種類型，展現咗靈活嘅創作觸角，亦係本地影圈中流砥柱之一。 ## 鄭小秋 / . Zheng Xiaoqiu (1910–1989), son of Chinese cinema pioneer Zheng Zhengqiu, was one of China's earliest child stars, headlining his father's landmark An Orphan Rescues His Grandfather at age five and appearing in silent classics such as The Burning of the Red Lotus Temple and Two Sisters. Turning to directing from 1939, he worked in Hong Kong (Autumn Water, Beloved) and carried his father's realist tradition into a second generation. 鄭小秋（1910–1989）係中國電影奠基人鄭正秋之子，上海出生，五歲就在父親名作《孤兒救祖記》中擔綱，係中國最早嘅電影童星之一，其後演出《火燒紅蓮寺》《啼笑因緣》《姊妹花》等默片經典。1939年起轉任導演，曾來港執導《秋水伊人》，把父親開創嘅中國電影寫實傳統延續到第二代。 ## 朱牧 / . 朱牧 is a senior member of the Hong Kong directing community whose creative career spans multiple decades, with works reflecting the development and transformation of Hong Kong society, having a lasting influence on local film and television culture. 朱牧係香港導演界嘅資深成員，其創作生涯橫跨多個年代，作品反映咗香港社會嘅發展同變遷，對本地影視文化有持續嘅影響。 ## 竺清賢 / . 竺清賢 is a Hong Kong film director known for meticulous scene blocking and deep grasp of characters. Having quietly laboured in the film circle for many years, they are a precious talent of the Hong Kong film industry. 竺清賢係香港電影導演，以細緻嘅場面調度同對角色嘅深入把握見稱，多年來喺影圈默默耕耘，係香港電影工業寶貴嘅人才。 ## 竺清鏞 / . 竺清鏞 is a versatile Hong Kong director working in both film and television production, adept at switching between different subjects, bringing a wealth of screen works to Hong Kong audiences. 竺清鏞係香港一位風格多樣嘅導演，涉足電影同電視製作，擅於喺唔同題材之間轉換，為香港觀眾帶嚟豐富嘅影像作品。 ## 朱石麟 / . Zhu Shilin (1899-1967), from Taicang in Jiangsu, was a master of early Chinese cinema. Screenplay head at Lianhua in the 1930s, he directed the landmark historical epic Sorrow of the Forbidden City (1948) starring Zhou Xuan. Settling in Hong Kong in the 1950s, he made realist classics and mentored a generation of directors, affectionately called Teacher Zhu, while leading the Phoenix studio. 朱石麟1899年出世，江蘇太倉人，係中國電影史嘅大師級導演。三十年代喺聯華影業任編劇主任，後執導《慈母曲》等片，以倫理劇同細膩家庭戲見稱。1948年執導《清宮秘史》，由周璇主演，係華語歷史片嘅里程碑。五十年代長居香港，執導《中秋月》《一板之隔》等現實主義佳作，同時培養出多位新導演，人稱「朱老師」；佢領導嘅鳳凰影業成為五十年代香港左派電影嘅重要基地。1967年佢喺香港逝世。 ## 單慧珠 / Rachel Zen 1970s–2000s. Born in Shanghai in 1951, Rachel Zen is a Hong Kong director and television producer. She directed drama series at TVB before spending the late 1970s to the 1990s at the publicly funded RTV Television Division, making episodes of the Below the Lion Rock anthology and other single dramas that won international awards. In the 1980s she also directed a small number of features, among them Cream, Soda and Milk, placing her among the directors of the Hong Kong New Wave. Emigrating to Hawaii in 1996, she returned to Hong Kong in the early 2000s and worked as an independent producer on the interview documentary series Always by Your Side for TVB. 單慧珠1951年喺上海出世，身兼香港導演同電視製作人。佢早年在無綫電視處理劇集編導工作，1970年代末至90年代主要喺公營嘅香港電台電視部執導《獅子山下》等單元劇，部分作品曾喺國際獲獎。電影方面，佢喺1980年代拍過《忌廉溝鮮奶》等少量作品，被歸入香港電影新浪潮導演之列。1996年移居夏威夷，2000年代初返港，其後以獨立製作人身分為無綫電視製作人物訪問紀錄片《情常在》，呢個亦係佢後期主要作品。 ## 高錕 / Charles K. Kao . Charles Kao (1933-2018) was born in Shanghai and moved to Hong Kong in 1948, studying at St. Joseph's College. While working at Standard Telecommunication Laboratories in the 1960s, he proved that glass fibres purified of impurities could carry light signals over long distances — the insight that made the internet physically possible. He later served as Vice-Chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. In 2009 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics, remembered affectionately in Hong Kong as the 'Father of Fibre Optics'. 高錕1933年喺上海出世，1948年隨家人來港，就讀聖若瑟書院。六十年代佢喺英國標準電訊實驗室做研究，證明除咗雜質嘅玻璃纖維可以將光訊號長距離傳送而損耗極低——呢個發現令光纖通訊成為可能，亦係互聯網時代嘅物理基礎。其後佢回港出任香港中文大學校長，推動電子工程教育。2009年佢獲頒諾貝爾物理學獎，香港人暱稱佢「光纖之父」。2018年逝世。 ## 丘成桐 / Shing-Tung Yau . Born in Shantou in 1949 and raised in Hong Kong, where he studied at Pui Ching Middle School and then CUHK, Yau proved the Calabi conjecture in 1976; the resulting Calabi–Yau manifolds later became the geometric backbone of string theory. In 1982 he became the first Chinese winner of the Fields Medal, and he has since built mathematics institutes across China and trained a generation of leading mathematicians. 丘成桐1949年喺汕頭出世，於香港培正中學就讀，後入香港中文大學，再赴柏克萊深造。1976年佢證明咗卡拉比猜想，證出嘅「卡拉比—丘流形」其後成為弦理論嘅幾何基礎，令數學同物理學有咗深刻交匯。1982年佢成為首位獲得菲爾茲獎嘅華人，其後再奪沃爾夫數學獎。佢長期回饋華人社會，喺兩岸三地創辦數學研究所，培養出大批頂尖數學家。 ## 崔琦 / Daniel C. Tsui . Born in Henan in 1939, Tsui left mainland China as a boy and studied at Pui Ching Middle School in Hong Kong; in 1958 he sailed for Augustana College in the US — never to see his parents again. At Princeton in 1982, with Horst Störmer and Arthur Gossard, he discovered the fractional quantum Hall effect, revealing that electrons in a strong magnetic field behave as if they carry fractional charge. The discovery earned the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics. 崔琦1939年喺河南出世，年少時到香港投靠親友，就讀培正中學。1958年佢獲美國奧古斯塔納學院錄取，離港赴美——那一次係佢最後一次見到父母，成為佢一生最深刻嘅遺憾。1982年佢喺普林斯頓同史特默、戈薩德發現「分數量子霍爾效應」，揭示電子喺強磁場下會表現出好似分數電荷嘅行為，開闢咗量子物理新領域，並因此獲1998年諾貝爾物理學獎。 ## 袁國勇 / Yuen Kwok-yung . A Hong Kong-trained physician and microbiologist at the University of Hong Kong, Yuen Kwok-yung isolated the SARS coronavirus in 2003 and traced its origin to horseshoe bats via civet cats, becoming one of the world's leading experts on emerging infectious diseases. During COVID-19 he was among Hong Kong's most prominent scientific voices, and his team's bat-virus surveillance has shaped global pandemic preparedness. 袁國勇係香港大學微生物學系講座教授。2003年SARS爆發期間，佢同團隊率先分離出SARS冠狀病毒，並溯源到中華菊頭蝠經果子狸傳播，成為全球新發傳染病研究嘅權威。佢長期做蝙蝠病毒監測同新發病源體研究，喺新冠疫情期間係香港抗疫科學界最重要嘅聲音之一，並獲選中國工程院院士。佢堅持以科學同透明面對疫症，被譽為香港「抗疫第一人」之一。 ## 沈祖堯 / Joseph J. Y. Sung . A gastroenterologist trained at the University of Hong Kong, Joseph Sung became a frontline hero of the 2003 SARS outbreak, leading clinical care at Prince of Wales Hospital during the crisis. He went on to pioneer research on peptic-ulcer bleeding and colorectal cancer screening that reshaped international guidelines, and served as Vice-Chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong from 2009 to 2017, later leading Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. 沈祖堯係香港腸胃科醫生。2003年SARS肆虐期間，佢任職威爾斯親王醫院，親自帶領前線醫護照顧病人，喺疫症最混亂嘅日子成為醫護同市民嘅定心丸。其後佢推動消化道潰瘍出血同大腸癌篩查研究，成果改寫國際治療指引。2009年至2017年出任香港中文大學校長，其後轉任新加坡南洋理工大學校長，係極少數執掌兩地頂尖大學嘅香港學者。 ## 管軼 / Guan Yi . A virologist who trained in mainland China before joining the University of Hong Kong, Guan Yi built one of the world's largest influenza surveillance programmes, tracking H5N1 bird flu across Asia and warning years in advance that a human pandemic from animal viruses was a matter of when, not if. His SARS-CoV and later SARS-CoV-2 work made him a central — at times controversial — figure in pandemic science. 管軼係病毒學家，早年喺內地受訓後加入香港大學，建立咗全球最大規模嘅流感病毒監測網絡之一，追蹤H5N1禽流感喺亞洲嘅傳播，並喺多年前已警告動物病毒引發人類大流行「唔係會唔會，而係幾時」。SARS期間佢同袁國勇等合作溯源，新冠疫情期間亦係香港最敢言嘅科學聲音之一。佢嘅蝙蝠同活禽市場研究，深刻影響全球對新發傳染病嘅防備策略。 ## 金庸 / Louis Cha . Louis Cha Leung-yung (1924-2018), born in Haining, Zhejiang, came to Hong Kong in 1948 as a journalist. From 1955 he wrote fourteen wuxia novels — summarised in the couplet '飛雪連天射白鹿，笑書神俠倚碧鴛' — that became the most widely read Chinese fiction of the twentieth century. In 1959 he co-founded the newspaper Ming Pao, writing editorials for decades. His works have been adapted into film and television hundreds of times and translated worldwide. 金庸（查良鏞，1924–2018），浙江海寧人，1948年來港任記者。1955年起連載《書劍恩仇錄》，十七年間寫出十四部武俠小說，以「飛雪連天射白鹿，笑書神俠倚碧鴛」概括，成為二十世紀最多華人閱讀嘅中文小說。1959年佢創辦《明報》，以社評縱論時政數十年，文采同風骨並重。佢嘅作品改編成影視超過百次，被翻譯成多國文字，「金庸」二字成為華人文化嘅共同語言。2018年喺香港逝世。 ## 劉以鬯 / Liu Yichang . Liu Yichang (1918-2018), born in Shanghai, moved to Hong Kong in 1948 and spent decades editing literary supplements for local newspapers while writing fiction of remarkable formal daring. His novel The Drunkard (1963), regarded as the first stream-of-consciousness novel in Chinese, and Tête-bêche (對倒, 1972) directly inspired Wong Kar-wai's In the Mood for Love — whose protagonist Mr. Chow takes his name from the latter. He is regarded as the founding figure of Hong Kong modernist literature. 劉以鬯（1918–2018），上海人，1948年南來香港，長期主編本地報章文藝副刊，同時以實驗手法寫小說。1963年出版嘅《酒徒》被譽為中國首部意識流小說；1972年嘅《對倒》以雙線平行敘事寫一對互不相識嘅人。王家衛嘅《花樣年華》正係受《對倒》啟發，男主角周慕雲之名亦由此而來。佢係香港現代主義文學嘅奠基者，香港文學史繞不開嘅名字。 ## 西西 / Xi Xi . Xi Xi (Cheung Yin, 1938-2022) came to Hong Kong from Shanghai as a child and grew up in the city whose name she made unforgettable. Her 1979 novel My City (我城) imagines Hong Kong through the bright, wondering eyes of youthful workers, founding an affectionate urban literature that generations of Hong Kong writers have drawn on. Her fiction, poetry and essays experiment with form while always circling the question of what it means to live in this floating city. 西西（張彥，1938–2022），上海出世、香港長大，以童心同實驗精神寫作五十年。1979年嘅《我城》透過年輕人嘅明亮目光看香港，開創咗屬於呢座城市嘅都市文學，成為後來幾代香港作家嘅起點。《浮城誌異》以超現實筆法寫浮在半空嘅城，成為香港身份命題最著名嘅文學寓言。2019年佢獲美國紐曼華語文學獎，被公認為香港最重要嘅作家之一。 ## 也斯 / Leung Ping-kwan . Leung Ping-kwan, known by his pen name Jaes (也斯, 1949-2013), was a poet, novelist and scholar who taught comparative literature at the University of Hong Kong and Lingnan University. His writing — from poems on tram rides to stories about restaurants and migration — treats Hong Kong's mixed culture not as a confusion but as a distinct aesthetic. He was a pioneer of Hong Kong cultural studies and postcolonial thought. 也斯（梁秉鈞，1949–2013），詩人、小說家同學者，長期喺香港大學同嶺南大學任教比較文學。佢嘅詩寫電車、茶餐廳同市集，小說寫食物同遷徙，將香港混雜嘅文化唔當係問題，而係一種獨特嘅美學。佢係香港文化研究同後殖民論述嘅先行者，經常被引用嘅命題「香港的故事為什麼這麼難說」，成為理解香港文化身份嘅關鍵一句。2011年獲頒香港藝術發展獎終身成就獎。 ## 倪匡 / Ni Kuang . Ni Kuang (1935-2022), born in Shanghai, fled to Hong Kong in 1957 and became one of the most prolific writers in Chinese: more than three hundred novels, led by the science-fiction Wesley series, plus hundreds of film scripts for Shaw Brothers. With Jin Yong, Huang Zhan and Chua Lam he was counted among the 'Four Great Talents' of Hong Kong popular culture. 倪匡（1935–2022），上海人，1957年來港，成為中文世界最多產嘅作家之一：寫過三百多部小說，代表作係科幻「衛斯理」系列，另有數百個邵氏電影劇本，同金庸、黃霑、蔡瀾並稱「香港四大才子」。佢寫作速度驚人，衛斯理系列開拓咗華人科幻小說嘅天地，角色深入民心，影視改編無數，成為香港流行文化嘅經典。 ## 李碧華 / Lilian Lee . Lilian Lee, born in Hong Kong in 1959, is the novelist and screenwriter behind some of Hong Kong cinema's most enduring stories: Rouge (1987), about a courtesan who waits fifty years for her lover, and Farewell My Concubine (1993), which won the Palme d'Or at Cannes. Her writing blends ghost stories with an unflinching eye for desire and obsession, and she has remained famously anonymous, never appearing in public. 李碧華1959年喺香港出世，係香港電影多個傳世故事嘅幕後寫手：《胭脂扣》寫如花苦等五十年嘅愛情，《霸王別姬》改編成電影後奪康城金棕櫚獎，《餃子》寫女人嘅慾望同怨念。佢嘅文字融合奇情、鬼魅同市井智慧，對人性涼薄有冷冽嘅洞見。佢長年保持神秘，從不在公開場合露面，係香港文壇最著名嘅「隱形人」。 ## 饒宗頤 / Rao Zongyi . Rao Zongyi (1917-2018), known as the 'Grand Master of Chinese studies', was a self-taught polymath whose scholarship ranged across oracle-bone studies, Dunhuang manuscripts, ancient history and comparative civilisations, while he was also a distinguished calligrapher and painter. Settling in Hong Kong in 1949, he taught for decades at the University of Hong Kong and the Chinese University, making the city a refuge and powerhouse for Chinese scholarship. 饒宗頤（1917–2018），潮州人，自學成家，被尊稱為「國學大師」。佢嘅學問橫跨甲骨學、敦煌學、簡帛學、宗教史同中外文化交流史，兼擅書畫，與季羨林並稱「南饒北季」。1949年起長居香港，先後任教於香港大學同香港中文大學，令香港成為中國傳統學術得以延續開拓嘅重鎮。佢一生著述逾千萬字，2018年逝世，享壽百歲。 ## 包玉剛 / Y. K. Pao 1955–1991. Y. K. Pao (1918–1991), born in Ningbo, Zhejiang and a 29th-generation descendant of the Song dynasty official Bao Zheng, founded World-Wide Shipping. He trained at the Woosung Merchant Marine Academy in Shanghai, worked in insurance and banking in Hankou and Shanghai, and by 1945 was deputy general manager of the Shanghai Municipal Bank. He moved with his family to Hong Kong in 1949, traded in imports and exports, and in 1955 bought his first freighter, the Golden Alpha, founding World-Wide Shipping and expanding his fleet during the Suez crisis. Rather than speculating on the spot market he chartered his ships on long-term contracts, and from 1965 moved into oil transport in partnership with Shell and Exxon. By 1977 his fleet reached 13.77 million deadweight tonnes, making him the world's largest private shipowner — the 'World Shipping King'. Anticipating the tanker glut, in 1978 he began 'abandoning ships for land', and in 1980 his capture of Wharf Holdings in a battle with Jardine Matheson stunned the business world; he also became the first Chinese director of HSBC. He funded the Zhaolong Hotel in Beijing, took control of Wheelock Marden in 1985, co-founded Dragonair, endowed Sino-British scholarship schemes, and later served as a deputy chairman of the Basic Law Drafting Committee, acting as a bridge between London and Beijing. He died in his sleep on 23 September 1991, aged 72. 包玉剛（1918–1991），浙江寧波人，北宋名臣包拯二十九世孫，環球航運集團創辦人。他十三歲到上海入讀吳淞商船專科學校，其後在漢口、上海從事保險同銀行業，1945年出任上海市銀行副總經理。1949年他攜家人移居香港，先做進出口貿易，1955年購入第一艘貨輪「金安號」創立環球航運，並趁蘇伊士運河危機擴大船隊；有別於同行炒賣現貨，他堅持以長期租約經營，1965年起同蜆殼、埃克森等國際油商合作開拓石油運輸。1977年旗下船隊達一千三百七十七萬載重噸，成為全球最大私營船東，獲譽「世界船王」。1978年他預見油輪供過於求，實行「棄舟登陸」；1980年在收購九龍倉一役中擊敗怡和洋行，震動商界，並成為首位出任滙豐銀行董事的華人。他捐款興建北京兆龍飯店，1985年購入會德豐控股權並與曹光彪、霍英東等合組港龍航空，又設立中英友好獎學金，其後獲委任基本法起草委員會副主任委員，在中英雙方之間扮演橋樑角色。1991年9月23日，他於睡夢中逝世，終年七十二歲。 ## 霍英東 / Henry Fok 1940s–2006. Henry Fok Ying-tung (1923–2006) was born to a Tanka boat-dwelling family from Panyu, Guangdong. A typhoon in 1930 killed two of his brothers and his father died soon after, leaving his mother to raise the family ashore in a tenement on Stone Nullah Lane in Wan Chai. He won a place at Queen's College, but the Japanese invasion forced him out of school into manual labour. After the war he ran a general store at Bowrington Bridge, and during the Korean War (1950–53) he organised a fleet that ran the United Nations embargo to supply strategic goods to the mainland — an act that brought lasting hostility from the colonial government but earned him Beijing's trust and the label 'red-capped tycoon'. In 1953 he founded Fok Hing Yip Tong, building flats in Wan Chai and Causeway Bay and pioneering the pre-sale of uncompleted flats, which revived the property market; he later led the founding of the Hong Kong Real Estate Developers Association as its first chairman. In 1961 he and the syndicate of Stanley Ho, Teddy Yip and Yip Hon won Macau's gaming monopoly, and the following year Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau was formed with Fok as the largest shareholder. His pro-Beijing stance brought sanctions: Star House in Tsim Sha Tsui had its water, power and telephone lines cut and tenants deserted it, forcing a cheap sale to Jardine's Hongkong Land. After reform and opening he was among the first to invest on the mainland, completing the White Swan Hotel in Guangzhou in 1983, and his sports foundation helped bring China back into international sport. He was elected a Vice-Chairman of the CPPCC in 1993 and died in Beijing in 2006. 霍英東（1923–2006），廣東番禺人，蜑家艇戶出身。1930年一場風災奪去兩名兄長，父親其後病逝，母親帶他上岸，一家住灣仔石水渠街；他十二歲考入皇仁書院，日軍攻港後被迫停學，靠做苦力維生。戰後他在鵝頸橋開雜貨鋪，韓戰期間（1950–1953）組織船隊突破聯合國禁運、向內地運送戰略物資，因而遭港英政府長期非難，卻換來北京的信任，被稱為「紅頂巨賈」。1953年他創辦霍興業堂置業，在灣仔、銅鑼灣發展住宅，首創「樓花」預售制度，令沉寂的樓市活躍起來，其後帶頭成立香港地產建設商會並出任首任會長。1961年他與何鴻燊、葉德利、葉漢合組財團投得澳門賭牌，翌年成立澳門旅遊娛樂公司，並成為最大股東。他作風親北京，旗下尖沙咀星光行一度被斷水、斷電、斷電話線，租戶紛紛退租，最終被迫賤售予置地。改革開放後他率先投資內地，1983年建成廣州白天鵝賓館，並創立體育基金推動中國重返國際體壇。1993年他當選全國政協副主席，2006年在北京逝世。 ## 何東 / Robert Hotung 1880s–1950s. Sir Robert Ho Tung (1862–1956), born Ho Kai-tung, was a Eurasian comprador and entrepreneur, the son of the Dutch Jewish merchant Charles Henri Maurice Bosman and a Bao'an Chinese mother, Sze Tai. Educated at the Central School, the forerunner of Queen's College, he left in 1878 for a post in the Canton Customs, joined Jardine Matheson in 1880, succeeded his brother-in-law Choy Sing-nam as comprador in 1883, and became the hong's Chinese general manager in 1894; he stepped down for health reasons in 1900, handing the post to his brother Ho Fook. He ran his own sugar trading house while still at Jardine, and after leaving built up interests in trade, shipping and property, held the opium monopoly through his adopted son Ho Sai-wing, invested in Shanghai, Qingdao, Manchuria and Macau, and around 1928 bought and recapitalised the struggling Kung Sheung Daily News. He became the first chairman of the Chinese Club in 1897, sheltered the fugitive reformer Kang Youwei in 1898, and mediated during the 1922 seamen's strike. In 1906 he obtained permission from the Governor in Council to live on the Mid-Levels above Central — the first person of Chinese descent allowed to live in the Peak district — breaking the colour line of colonial society. Appointed KBE in 1955, he died on 26 April 1956 aged 93, endowing the Sir Robert Ho Tung Charitable Fund with HK$500,000; the fund is now worth close to HK$500 million. 何東（1862–1956），本名啟東，歐亞混血兒，父親係荷蘭籍猶太商人何仕文，母親施娣係寶安人。他在中央書院（今皇仁書院）接受西式教育，1878年畢業後任職廣東海關，1880年轉入渣甸洋行（怡和），1883年接替姐夫蔡昇南出任買辦，1894年升任怡和華總經理，1900年因健康理由辭職，由胞弟何福接任。任內他自資經營食糖買賣，離職後全力發展貿易、航運同地產，並以過繼子何世榮作代表取得鴉片專利，投資遍及上海、青島、東北同澳門，1928年前後又收購經營困難的《工商日報》，注資改革後令報紙走出困局。1897年他出任華商會所首任主席，1898年接濟逃亡的康有為，1922年海員大罷工時更四出奔走調停。1906年他獲總督會同行政局批准在中環半山居住，成為香港開埠後首位獲准在山頂一帶居住的華人，打破殖民社會的種族界線。1955年獲頒KBE，1956年4月26日病逝，享年九十三歲；臨終前以五十萬元設立何東爵士慈善基金，至今已增值至近五億元。 ## 胡應湘 / Gordon Wu 1960s–present. Sir Gordon Wu, born in Hong Kong in 1935 to a family from Huaxian in Guangdong, is the founder of Hopewell Holdings and one of the few Hong Kong businessmen to run property and infrastructure as an engineer. He grew up in Wan Chai and was educated at Dunmei School and Wah Yan College before graduating in civil engineering from Princeton University in 1958. From the late 1970s he bought up old blocks in southern Wan Chai for redevelopment, producing Hopewell Centre — 66 storeys and for a time Hong Kong's tallest building — and Wu Chung House, transforming the district; a third scheme, the Mega Tower Hotel, was delayed for more than a decade by objections over its scale. After reform and opening he was an early investor on the mainland, helping develop the China Hotel in Guangzhou (1984), completing the Shajiao B power station (1987) and the Guangzhou–Shenzhen Expressway (1994), the first expressway in the Pearl River Delta. From the 1980s he championed a cross-sea bridge at Lingdingyang to bind Hong Kong to the delta — a vision realised in the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge, opened in 2018. He was appointed KCMG in 1997, received the Gold Bauhinia Star in 2004, and has chaired the council of City University of Hong Kong. 胡應湘1935年生於香港，祖籍廣東花縣，合和實業創辦人。他童年在灣仔長大，先後就讀敦梅學校及香港華仁書院，1958年在美國普林斯頓大學取得土木工程學士學位，係極少數以工程師思維經營地產同基建的香港商人。1970年代末，他收購灣仔南部舊樓重建，先後發展合和中心及胡忠大廈，其中六十六層的合和中心一度係全港最高建築，帶動整個灣仔南舊區轉型，而構思中的Mega Tower Hotel則因規模爭議拖延十多年。改革開放後他率先北上投資，1984年參與發展廣州中國大酒店，1987年建成沙角B電廠，1994年建成珠江三角洲首條高速公路廣深高速公路。他早於八十年代已倡議興建伶仃洋跨海大橋，把香港同珠三角連成一體，這個構想最終演化成2018年通車的港珠澳大橋。1997年他獲英女皇頒授聖米迦勒及聖喬治爵級司令勳章，2004年獲香港特區金紫荊星章，並曾任香港城市大學校董會主席。 ## 利希慎 / Li Hysan 1900s–1928. Lee Hysan (1880–1928), whose given name was Jip-sai, was the founder of the Lee family fortune in Hong Kong and a native of Kaiping in Guangdong. Educated in the United States in his youth, he moved to Hong Kong with his father at seventeen and attended Queen's College, later teaching there and working for HSBC; he was also a newspaper translator and sawmill owner in Malaya and founded the Shuang Tak Fung shipping company in Rangoon, which posted him back to Hong Kong as its manager. In 1924 he bought the East Point land in Causeway Bay from Jardine Matheson for HK$3.8 million, intending an opium refinery; when the government banned the opium trade he developed it instead as the Lee Garden hill estate, incorporating Lee Hysan Estates — the parent of today's Hysan Development — and laying the foundation of the family's property empire. Streets such as Lee Garden Road, the Lee Theatre site, Percival Street, Yan Ping Road, Sunning Road and Hoi Ping Road all trace back to that land. In 1928, after winning a libel action over Macau's opium monopoly, he was shot dead at midday on 30 April between Kau Yu Fong and Wellington Street in Central, hit by three bullets; the killer was never caught and the case remains one of Hong Kong's most famous unsolved murders. 利希慎（1880–1928），名輯世，字遷羨，廣東開平人，利氏家族的創業者。他年少時在美國受教育，十七歲隨父移居香港，入讀皇仁書院，畢業後曾任教於母校，其後轉任滙豐銀行職員；他也曾在馬來亞做報館翻譯、開鋸木廠，並在仰光創辦雙德豐船務公司，被派回香港任經理。1924年，他以三百八十萬元向怡和洋行購入銅鑼灣東角一帶土地，原擬興建鴉片提煉廠，適逢港府宣布禁售鴉片，遂改為發展利園山，並註冊利希慎置業有限公司，即今日希慎興業的母公司，為家族地產王國奠下基礎；今日利園山道、利舞臺廣場、波斯富街、恩平道、新寧道、開平道等街道，皆由這片土地而來。1928年他因澳門鴉片專賣權糾紛興訟，勝訴後不久，於4月30日中午在中環九如坊至威靈頓街之間遭槍殺，身中三槍當場死亡，兇手逃去無蹤，案件至今未破，成為香港最著名的懸案之一。 ## 田家炳 / Tin Ka Ping 1930s–2018. Tin Ka Ping (1919–2018), a Hakka born in Dabu, Guangdong, was a Hong Kong industrialist and philanthropist. His father died in 1935 when he was not yet sixteen, forcing him out of school and into business; he travelled to Vietnam to sell kaolin from his home district, founded the Chayang Kaolin Company the following year and became Vietnam's largest supplier of the clay. When Shantou fell in 1939 and the trade route was cut he moved to Indonesia and built up a rubber business from nothing. In 1958, as anti-Chinese feeling in Indonesia deepened and to give his children a Chinese education, he gave up that flourishing business and moved his family to Hong Kong, reclaiming land at barren Tuen Mun to found Tin's Plastic Factory, making plastic film and artificial leather and helping Hong Kong's plastics products reach world markets; Tin's Chemical Industrial Co. followed in 1968, with production gradually shifting to Ping Shan in Yuen Long. In 1982 he set up the Tin Ka Ping Foundation — 'care for the old, nurture the young, promote education' — giving away most of his wealth, and over his lifetime he funded several hundred educational projects across the mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan; 'Tin Ka Ping Middle Schools' can be found across China, earning him the name 'father of a hundred schools'. In 2009 he donated four industrial blocks to the foundation and handed its governance to public figures, becoming honorary chairman. He received the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2010 and died peacefully on 10 July 2018, aged 98. 田家炳（1919–2018），廣東大埔人，客家人，香港實業家同慈善家。1935年他不足十六歲時父親去世，被迫輟學從商，遠赴越南推銷家鄉瓷土，翌年創辦茶陽瓷土公司，成為越南最大的瓷土供應商；1939年汕頭淪陷，運輸中斷，他轉往印尼從事橡膠工業，白手興家。1958年，他因印尼排華風潮日趨嚴重，也為咗讓子女接受中華文化，毅然放棄當地如日中天的事業，舉家移居香港，在荒蕪的屯門填海建廠，創立田氏塑膠廠，生產塑膠薄膜同人造革，協助香港塑膠產品打入國際市場；1968年成立田氏化工有限公司，生產線逐步遷往元朗屏山。1982年他成立田家炳基金會，以「安老扶幼，興教育才」為宗旨，把大部分身家投入教育捐贈，一生在內地、香港、台灣捐建數百項教育設施，「田家炳中學」遍佈全國，他因而被譽為「中國百校之父」。2009年他把四座物業捐予基金會，並交予社會賢達管理，自己退居榮譽主席。2010年獲頒大紫荊勳章，2018年7月10日安詳離世，享年九十八歲。 ## 李麗珊 / Lee Lai-shan . Lee Lai-shan, born in Cheung Chau in 1970, learned windsurfing as a girl on the island's beaches. At the 1996 Atlanta Olympics she won gold in women's mistral windsurfing — the first Olympic gold medal in Hong Kong's history, played across the city on television as Hong Kong neared the handover. 'Hong Kong athlete, and a really good one' — her flag-raising moment made her the city's most beloved sportswoman; she later won silver at Busan 2002 Asian Games and retired in 2008. 李麗珊1970年喺長洲出世，少女時代喺島上沙灘接觸滑浪風帆，由長洲練到世界之巔。1996年亞特蘭大奧運，佢喺女子滑浪風帆奪得金牌——係香港歷史上第一面奧運金牌，當時正值回歸前夕，全港市民隔住電視見證區旗升起，感動落淚。佢其後喺2002年釜山亞運再奪銀牌，2008年退役，被尊稱為「風之後」。佢證明咗香港運動員企得上國際頒獎台，亦帶動咗政府對精英體育嘅投資。 ## 李慧詩 / Sarah Lee . Sarah Lee Wai-sze, born in 1987 and raised in a Wong Tai Sin public estate, joined the Hong Kong cycling team in her late teens. Known as the 'Snow Fairy' (牛下女車神), she won bronze in the keirin at London 2012 and bronze in the sprint at Tokyo 2020 (held 2021), and became world champion in the sprint at the 2021 UCI Track Cycling World Championships — one of the most successful and most beloved Hong Kong athletes of her generation. 李慧詩1987年出世，喺黃大仙公共屋邨長大，十幾歲先加入香港單車隊，被稱為「牛下女車神」。佢2012年倫敦奧運凱琳賽奪銅、2020東京奧運爭先賽再奪銅，2021年更成為世界錦標賽爭先賽冠軍，係香港單車史上成就最高嘅女車手。佢直率爽朗嘅性格深受市民喜愛，由屋邨女孩踩到世界冠軍嘅故事，成為香港運動員精神嘅代表。 ## 傅家俊 / Marco Fu . Marco Fu Ka-chun, born in Hong Kong in 1978, turned professional in snooker in 1998 after winning world junior and amateur titles. He reached the final of the 2007 Grand Prix and three World Championship semi-finals, peaking at world No. 5, and was the first Hong Kong player to establish himself among snooker's elite — inspiring a boom in the sport across the city. 傅家俊1978年喺香港出世，曾奪世界青年桌球錦標賽同世界業餘錦標賽冠軍，1998年轉職業。2007年佢打入格蘭披治大獎賽決賽，其後三度闖入世界錦標賽四強，世界排名最高第五位，係首位躋身桌球頂級行列嘅香港球手，喺香港掀起桌球熱潮。佢以冷靜沉著嘅比賽風格著稱，深受球迷愛戴，被譽為「香港桌球一哥」。 ## 黃金寶 / Wong Kam-po . Wong Kam-po, born in Shatin in 1973, spent two decades as Hong Kong's cycling flagship. He won Asian Games road-race gold medals at Bangkok 1998, Doha 2006 and Guangzhou 2010, and dominated Asian road racing for over a decade, earning the nickname 'Asia's cycling legend' (亞洲車神). 黃金寶1973年喺沙田出世，二十年來係香港單車嘅旗幟人物，人稱「亞洲車神」。佢喺1998、2006、2010三屆亞運會摘下公路單車金牌，並長期稱霸亞洲公路賽場，係香港首位喺世界級公路賽事有穩定競爭力嘅車手。佢同李慧詩先後崛起，令香港單車隊成為亞洲勁旅，「車神」嘅堅持同自律成為香港運動員嘅榜樣。 ## 何詩蓓 / Siobhan Haughey . Siobhan Haughey, born in Hong Kong in 1997 to an Irish father and Hong Kong mother, swam for the University of Michigan before turning professional. At the Tokyo Olympics (2021) she won silver in the 200m freestyle — Hong Kong's first Olympic swimming medal — then took bronze in the 100m and 200m freestyle at Paris 2024, becoming the first Hong Kong athlete to win three Olympic medals, and a short-course world champion in 2021. 何詩蓓1997年喺香港出世，父親愛爾蘭裔、母親香港人，大學年代喺美國密歇根大學受訓。2021年東京奧運，佢喺200米自由泳奪銀，係香港歷史上第一面游泳奧運獎牌；2024年巴黎奧運再奪100米同200米自由泳兩面銅牌，成為首位累積三面奧運獎牌嘅香港運動員，並喺2021年成為短池世界錦標賽冠軍。佢親切謙遜嘅形象令佢成為香港體壇最受歡迎嘅偶像。 ## 張家朗 / Cheung Ka-long . Cheung Ka-long, born in 1997 to former basketball players, switched from basketball to fencing as a teenager. At the Tokyo Olympics (2021) he won gold in men's foil — Hong Kong's second-ever Olympic gold — and at Paris 2024 he defended the title, becoming the first Hong Kong athlete to win gold at two consecutive Olympics and the first men's foil champion to retain the Olympic crown in 68 years. 張家朗1997年出世，父母都係籃球員，少年時由籃球轉打劍擊。2021年東京奧運，佢喺男子花劍奪金，係香港史上第二面奧運金牌；2024年巴黎奧運更成功衛冕，成為首位連續兩屆奧運奪金嘅香港運動員，亦係六十八年來首位衛冕奧運男子花劍冠軍嘅劍手。佢冷靜霸氣嘅劍風同「最後一劍定勝負」嘅經典場面，令劍擊喺香港瞬間成為全城熱潮。 ## 顧嘉煇 / Joseph Koo . Joseph Koo Kar-fai (1931-2023), born in Guangzhou and raised in Hong Kong, taught himself composition and became TVB's musical architect. Partnered with lyricist James Wong, he wrote the songs that defined the city: 'Below the Lion Rock', 'The Bund', 'Tai Chi theme from Legend of the Condor Heroes'. His melodies fused Cantonese opera inflections with Western orchestration, and through TV drama they taught generations of Hong Kongers to sing their own identity. 顧嘉煇（1931–2023），廣州出世、香港長大，自學作曲，成為無綫電視嘅音樂總監。同黃霑合作嘅「煇黃組合」寫出定義香港嘅歌曲：《獅子山下》《上海灘》《鐵血丹心》《世間始終你好》……佢嘅旋律將粵曲韻味同西式管弦融合，透過電視劇教曉幾代香港人唱出自己嘅身份。2007年獲頒金紫荊星章，2023年加拿大溫哥華離世，享壽92歲，被尊稱為「粵語流行曲教父」。 ## 黃家駒 / Wong Ka Kui . Wong Ka Kui (1962-1993) founded Beyond, the band that made Cantonese rock matter. He wrote 'Boundless Oceans, Vast Skies' (海闊天空), an anthem of freedom sung at every Hong Kong gathering since, and 'Glorious Days' (光輝歲月), inspired by Nelson Mandela. Rejecting the love-song formula of Cantopop, he insisted on originality and ideals; he died in 1993 after an accident during a TV show taping in Japan, aged 31, and remains the defining voice of Hong Kong idealism. 黃家駒（1962–1993）創立 Beyond，令廣東搖滾成為時代聲音。佢寫嘅《海闊天空》係此後香港每個重要時刻都會合唱嘅自由之歌，《光輝歲月》致敬曼德拉，《喜歡你》《真的愛你》傳唱至今。佢堅持原創、抗拒公式化嘅愛情歌，帶樂隊遠赴日本發展同向非洲送暖。1993年佢喺日本錄影節目時意外逝世，年僅31歲，但佢嘅音樂同理想主義，至今仍係香港精神最响亮嘅註腳。 ## 張學友 / Jacky Cheung . Jacky Cheung, born in Hong Kong in 1961, won a singing contest in 1984 and rose through the 1980s to become one of the 'Four Heavenly Kings' of Cantopop. His 1993 album The Goodbye Kiss (吻別) became one of the best-selling Chinese albums ever, and his vocal craft — crystalline phrasing, emotional restraint — earned him the title 'God of Songs'. He is also a serious film actor, repeatedly nominated at the Hong Kong Film Awards. 張學友1961年喺香港出世，1984年參加業餘歌唱大賽奪冠入行，與劉德華、黎明、郭富城並稱「四大天王」。1993年專輯《吻別》成為華語樂壇最暢銷唱片之一，佢以精準嘅咬字同克制嘅情感處理被尊稱「歌神」。佢亦係認真嘅電影演員，多次獲金像獎提名；世界巡演場次同票房長期保持華人歌手紀錄。三十年來佢嘅歌聲陪伴咗幾代香港人嘅悲歡離合。 ## 陳奕迅 / Eason Chan . Eason Chan, born in Hong Kong in 1974 and trained in London, became the dominant voice of Cantopop after the Four Heavenly Kings era, winning Best Mandarin Male Singer at Taiwan's Golden Melody Awards twice. Songs like 'Ten Years' (十年), 'Exaggerated' (浮誇) and 'Under Mount Fuji' (富士山下) form the emotional soundtrack of the 2000s generation across the Chinese-speaking world; critics call him the last Cantopop superstar who can carry the industry's weight. 陳奕迅1974年喺香港出世，曾赴英國倫敦留學，1995年參加新秀歌唱大賽奪冠入行。繼「四大天王」年代之後，佢成為粵語流行曲最重要嘅聲音：《十年》《浮誇》《富士山下》《任我行》係千禧年代整個華語世界嘅情感原聲帶。佢兩奪台灣金曲獎最佳國語男歌手，被樂評人稱為「最後一位能扛起樂壇嘅巨星」，演唱會場場爆滿，歌迷橫跨幾代人。 ## 靳埭強 / Kan Tai-keung . Kan Tai-keung, born in Panyu in 1942 and a tailor for ten years before turning to design, became Hong Kong's most influential graphic designer. His logo for the Bank of China — a sprouting coin — is recognised across the world, and his posters fusing Chinese ink aesthetics with modernist geometry made 'Eastern modernity' a design language. A dedicated educator and brush calligrapher, he shaped two generations of Chinese designers. 靳埭強1942年喺廣東番禺出世，來港後做咗十年裁縫，自學設計轉行，最終成為香港最具影響力嘅平面設計師。佢設計嘅中國銀行行徽——中間「中」字連著古錢幣——遍布全球分行，成為辨識度最高嘅華人企業標誌之一。佢嘅海報融合水墨意境同現代幾何，開創「東方現代主義」設計語言，並長期教學著書，塑造咗兩代華人設計師，係設計界公認嘅大師。 ## 張叔平 / William Chang . William Chang Suk-ping is the visual soul of Wong Kar-wai's cinema: the qipaos of Maggie Cheung in In the Mood for Love, the neon streets of Chungking Express, the bleached deserts of Ashes of Time, all shaped by his art direction, costumes and editing. Working since the 1980s with directors from Yim Ho to John Woo, he won Cannes' technical grand prize for In the Mood for Love and defined a whole visual idea of Hong Kong. 張叔平係王家衛電影嘅視覺靈魂：《花樣年華》張曼玉嘅旗袍、《重慶森林》嘅霓虹街道、《東邪西毒》嘅荒漠色調，都由佢嘅美術、服裝同剪接塑造。佢八十年代起同譚家明、吳宇森、關錦鵬等導演合作，美術指導同服裝設計獎項多不勝數，《花樣年華》更為佢贏得康城最佳藝術成就獎。佢定義咗世界影迷心目中「香港嘅樣子」，係華語影壇最具辨識度嘅美術大師。 ## 葉錦添 / Tim Yip . Tim Yip, born in Hong Kong in 1967, began in film posters before becoming one of the most sought-after art directors in world cinema. For Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) he won the Academy Award for Best Art Direction — the first Chinese artist to do so. His 'new orientalism' aesthetics have shaped productions from film to opera stages and museum exhibitions worldwide, and he describes his project as inventing a contemporary visual language for Chinese culture. 葉錦添1967年喺香港出世，由電影海報設計入行，成為世界影壇最炙手可熱嘅美術指導之一。2001年佢憑李安《臥虎藏龍》獲得奧斯卡最佳藝術指導獎，係首位獲此殊榮嘅華人美術指導。其後《赤壁》《夜宴》《風聲》等作品確立佢「新東方美學」嘅旗號，作品橫跨電影、舞台劇同美術館展覽，令世界以嶄新視覺語言理解東方。佢亦係活躍嘅當代視覺藝術家。 ## 陳方安生 / Anson Chan 1962–2001 in the civil service; 2007–2008 legislator. Anson Chan Fang On-sang (born 17 January 1940) was born in Shanghai, her family from Shou County in Anhui, and moved to Hong Kong as a child; educated at Sacred Heart Canossian College and St Paul's Convent School, she graduated from the University of Hong Kong in 1962 and joined the colonial government as an administrative officer. She served as assistant Financial Secretary (1970), assistant New Territories Secretary (1972), deputy Secretary for Social Services (1976) and deputy Director of Social Welfare (1979) before becoming Director of Social Welfare in 1984 — the first woman to head a government department. Secretary for Economic Services from 1987 and Secretary for the Civil Service from April 1993, she was appointed Chief Secretary on 29 November 1993, the first Chinese and the first woman to hold the post. On 1 July 1997 she became the SAR's first Chief Secretary, retiring early on personal grounds on 30 April 2001 after almost thirty-nine years in the civil service; she had received the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 1999. In December 2007 she won the Hong Kong Island Legislative Council by-election against Regina Ip, the first former Chief Secretary to contest a LegCo seat, serving until September 2008, and later founded the civil-society group Hong Kong 2020 to comment on constitutional development. 陳方安生（Anson Chan Fang On-sang，1940–　）1940年1月17日在上海出生，籍貫安徽壽縣，年幼時隨家人來港，先後就讀嘉諾撒聖心書院及聖保祿學校，1962年在香港大學文學院畢業後加入港英政府任政務主任。她歷任助理財政司（1970）、助理新界政務司（1972）、副社會事務司（1976）、社會福利署副署長（1979），1984年升任社會福利署署長，成為首位出掌政府部門嘅女性；1987年出任經濟司，1993年4月任公務員事務司，同年11月29日獲委任為布政司，係首位華人及首位女性出任此職。1997年7月1日香港回歸，她過渡為首任政務司司長，至2001年4月30日以私人理由提早退休，結束近三十九年公務員生涯，其間於1999年獲頒大紫荊勳章。2007年12月她在立法會港島區補選中擊敗葉劉淑儀當選，成為首位參選立法會嘅前布政司，任期至2008年9月；其後她成立民間組織「香港2020」，就香港政制發展發表意見。 ## 砵甸乍 / Henry Pottinger 1843–1844 (first Governor). Henry Pottinger (1789–1856) was a British soldier and colonial administrator. He reached India in 1804, joined the East India Company in 1806 and travelled in disguise as a merchant through Sind and Persia, publishing 'Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde'. Appointed Britain's plenipotentiary in China in 1841, he signed the Treaty of Nanking for Britain and was sworn in on 26 June 1843 as the first Governor of Hong Kong. Under the 1843 Letters Patent and Royal Instructions he created the Executive Council (initially the Council of Advice) and the Legislative Council, establishing rule by 'the Governor with the advice and consent of the two councils'; in January 1844 he presided over the Legislative Council's first sitting, delayed from 1843 by fever. Fiscal strain and poor administration marked his tenure of barely eleven months, yet the constitutional framework he built lasted until 1997. He later governed Madras, became a lieutenant-general in 1851 and died in Britain in 1856. 砵甸乍（Henry Pottinger，1789–1856）係英國軍人同殖民地官員，1804年抵達印度參軍，1806年加入東印度公司，曾打扮成商人深入信德與波斯一帶探險，並寫成《Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde》。1841年他獲委任為駐華全權代表，代表英方簽署《南京條約》，1843年6月26日宣誓就任香港首任總督。他依據1843年《英皇制誥》及《皇室訓令》建立行政局（初稱議政局）同立法局（初稱定例局），確立「總督會同行政、立法兩局」嘅管治模式；1844年1月他親自主持立法局首次會議。任內政府財政緊絀、官員質素與治安問題叢生，他任職僅約十一個月便離任，但其搭建嘅憲制框架一直運作至1997年。他離任後先後出任馬德拉斯總督等職，1851年晉升中將，1856年在英國逝世。 ## 戴維斯 / John Francis Davis 1844–1848. John Francis Davis (1795–1890) was a noted sinologist. He joined the East India Company's Canton factory as a writer in 1813 and was selected to study Chinese, accompanied Lord Amherst's embassy to Peking in 1816, chaired the Company's Select Committee at Canton in 1832 and became Deputy Chief Superintendent of Trade in China in 1834. His translations, including 'The Fortunate Union' and 'The Poetry of the Chinese', made him a leading figure in early British sinology. He became the second Governor of Hong Kong in May 1844. His term was dominated by severe fiscal strain as London cut its subsidy year after year, forcing the government to rely on land sales and fees. In August 1844 the Legislative Council passed the Registration Ordinance, requiring inhabitants to register and pay a fee; it triggered a Chinese strike, shop closures and an exodus, and had to be suspended. Davis also brought Chinese custom into the administration's reckoning, setting the early pattern of governing through Chinese community leaders. He left in 1848, returned to Britain to continue his Chinese studies, was created a baronet and died in 1890. 戴維斯（John Francis Davis，1795–1890）係著名漢學家，1813年獲東印度公司廣州商館聘任為書記員並專責學習中文，1816年隨亞美士德使團赴京，1832年任公司駐廣州特別委員會主席，1834年出任駐華商務副總監。他翻譯《好逑傳》及中國詩歌，著有《漢文詩解》等，係早期英國漢學嘅代表人物。1844年5月他接任第二任港督，任內香港財政極度緊絀，倫敦逐年削減補助，政府須靠土地拍賣同徵費維持；1844年8月立法局通過《人口登記條例》，要求居民登記並繳費，觸發華人罷工、罷市同離港潮，最後要押後執行。他任內亦把華人習俗納入管治考量，確立「以華治華」嘅雛形。1848年離任後返英繼續研究中國語文，並獲冊立從男爵，1890年逝世。 ## 般咸 / George Bonham 1848–1854. George Bonham (1803–1863) served the East India Company and the colonial service, and was the fourth Governor of the Straits Settlements from 1836 to 1843 before taking office as the third Governor of Hong Kong in March 1848. Facing trade far below the expectations of the opium-war years, he cut expenditure, streamlined the civil establishment and widened land sales and rates revenue, gradually restoring the treasury; he also brought non-official members into the Legislative Council for the first time and secured the extension of Hong Kong land leases from 75 to 999 years. As the Taiping upheaval spread across the mainland in the 1850s, Chinese immigrants poured into Hong Kong, swelling population and re-export trade and strengthening the Chinese merchant class. In 1853 he visited Nanking for talks with Taiping leaders, whose sour reception helped push Britain towards neutrality. On 28 December 1851 a great fire in Sheung Wan destroyed more than 400 houses, prompting reviews of street planning and fire safety. Bonham Road is named after him; he left office in 1854 and died in 1863. 般咸（George Bonham，1803–1863，又譯文咸）係東印度公司及殖民地官員，1836年至1843年出任第四任海峽殖民地總督，1848年3月接任第三任香港總督。他任內面對鴉片戰爭後商貿不如預期嘅困局，推行緊縮開支、精簡政府編制，並擴大土地拍賣同差餉收入令庫房逐步回穩；他首次為定例局引入非官守議員議席，又成功爭取把香港地契年期由75年延長至999年。1850年代內地太平天國戰亂加劇，大量華人南來避亂，香港人口同轉口貿易同步增長，華商階層開始壯大。1853年他親赴南京與太平天國領袖會談，會談嘅不快促使英國對太平天國採取中立。1851年12月28日上環大火燒毀四百多間房屋，政府其後檢討街道規劃同防火安排。般咸道以他命名，他1854年離任，1863年逝世。 ## 寶寧 / John Bowring 1854–1859. John Bowring (1792–1872) was a British political economist, linguist and free-trade advocate. He edited the Westminster Review, was a friend of Jeremy Bentham and the editor of his collected works, spoke many languages and sat in the House of Commons. He became Governor of Hong Kong in April 1854. The gravest episode of his term was the Arrow incident of October 1856, when Cantonese authorities seized a Chinese-owned vessel registered in Hong Kong and arrested its crew; Britain used the affair as a pretext for force, and it became the spark of the Second Opium War. In January 1857 the 'poisoned bread' case followed, in which hundreds of Europeans fell ill after eating tainted bread, spreading panic and prompting many Chinese residents to leave the colony. His administration also introduced licensing and other regulations and handled the military and policing demands of the Anglo-French expedition, though relations with the Chinese community remained tense. He left office in 1859 and died in 1872. 寶寧（John Bowring，1792–1872，又譯寶靈）係英國政治經濟學家、語言學家同自由貿易信徒，曾主編《西敏評論》，並係哲學家邊沁嘅好友同文集編者，通曉多國語言，亦曾任下議院議員。1854年4月他出任港督，任內最重大嘅事件係1856年10月「亞羅號事件」：廣州當局扣押一艘在香港註冊嘅華人船隻並拘捕船員，英方以此為由動武，成為第二次鴉片戰爭嘅導火線。1857年1月香港發生「毒麵包案」，數百名西人食用摻毒麵包後中毒，社會恐慌，華人居民大量離港。他任內亦推行牌照等規管措施，並處理英法聯軍期間嘅軍需與治安安排，惟政府與華人社會關係持續緊張。他1859年離任後返英，1872年逝世。 ## 羅便臣 / Hercules Robinson 1859–1865. Hercules Robinson (1824–1897), an Irish-born colonial administrator who had served in the West Indies, became the fifth Governor of Hong Kong in September 1859. Under the 1860 Convention of Peking the Kowloon peninsula south of Boundary Street was ceded to Britain, and on 19 January 1861 he presided over the ceremony of taking possession — the first extension of Hong Kong beyond Hong Kong Island. In 1862 he founded the Central School (forerunner of Queen's College), giving Chinese boys a Western education, and in 1863 the Hong Kong Mint opened in an attempt to resolve the confusion of multiple currencies (it closed in 1868 after losses). He also extended reservoirs and roads to meet a growing population and shipping trade. After leaving in 1865 he governed Ceylon, New South Wales, New Zealand and the Cape Colony, was created Baron Rosmead in 1896 and died in 1897. Robinson Road on the Mid-Levels is named after him. 羅便臣（Hercules Robinson，1824–1897）係愛爾蘭裔殖民地官員，早年在西印度群島任職，1859年9月出任第五任港督。1860年《北京條約》將九龍半島（界限街以南）割讓英國，1861年1月19日他主持接收儀式，香港版圖首次由港島擴展至九龍；1862年他創辦中央書院（今皇仁書院前身），為華人子弟提供西式教育；1863年香港鑄幣廠啟用，嘗試解決多國貨幣混用問題（該廠1868年因虧蝕關閉）。他任內亦擴建水塘與道路，以應付人口增長同航運需求。1865年離任後，他先後出任錫蘭、新南威爾士、新西蘭及開普殖民地總督，1896年獲封羅士敏勳爵，1897年逝世。半山羅便臣道以他命名。 ## 麥當奴 / Richard Graves MacDonnell 1866–1872. Richard Graves MacDonnell (1814–1881) took office in March 1866 just as a global financial panic hit; banks ran into runs, credit contracted and the economy slid into recession, while the loss-making Hong Kong Mint closed in 1868. To raise revenue he legalised Chinese gambling in 1867, licensing gambling houses for fees, but the vice, corruption and crime that followed provoked strong opposition and the policy was repealed in 1871. He also backed Chinese community leaders in building the Tung Wah Hospital (completed 1870), which became the base for Chinese-run medical and charitable affairs. He left office in 1872. 麥當奴（Richard Graves MacDonnell，1814–1881）1866年3月出任港督，上任即遇上環球金融恐慌：香港多間銀行出現擠提，放款與貿易活動明顯收縮，經濟陷入衰退，庫房收入亦大受打擊；虧蝕多年的香港鑄幣廠終在1868年關閉。為開闢財源，他於1867年推行中式賭博合法化，以發牌方式向賭館收取牌費，惟賭風隨之而來嘅貪污與治安問題引起社會強烈不滿，政策1871年被廢除。任內另一件大事係支持華人領袖籌建東華醫院，醫院1870年落成，成為華人社會自行處理醫療與慈善事務嘅基地，亦為日後東華三院嘅規模奠下基礎。他1872年離任，1881年逝世。 ## 堅尼地 / Arthur Edward Kennedy 1872–1877. Arthur Edward Kennedy (1810–1883) became Governor in April 1872. On 22 September 1874 a typhoon struck Hong Kong head-on, sinking over a thousand vessels and destroying waterfront buildings; casualties ran into the thousands, making it one of the worst storms since the colony's founding. Afterwards the government reviewed harbour management, shelter for shipping and building standards. He also pushed the city's growth east and west, with the Kennedy Town area and its municipal facilities such as the abattoir and gasworks developed during his tenure; the district bears his name. He left in 1877. 堅尼地（Arthur Edward Kennedy，1810–1883）1872年4月出任港督。任內最嚴峻嘅考驗係1874年9月22日（甲戌年）嘅颱風：風暴正面吹襲香港，逾千艘船隻沉沒或損毀，沿岸房屋被毀，死傷數以千計，係開埠以來最嚴重嘅風災之一；事後政府檢討港口管理、船隻避風安排與建築標準，並着手改善海堤及碼頭設施。他任內亦推動城市向東、西兩端擴展，堅尼地城一帶嘅屠房、煤氣廠等市政設施相繼落成，該區後來以他命名。香港由開埠初期嘅轉口據點逐步長成具規模嘅商埠，市政建設在其任內向西推進。他1877年離任，1883年逝世。 ## 軒尼詩 / John Pope Hennessy 1877–1882. John Pope Hennessy (1834–1891), an Irish Catholic, became Governor in April 1877 and was known for his sympathy towards the Chinese and his insistence on racial equality. He questioned the colony's long-standing discriminatory measures, publicly arguing that Chinese residents deserved equal legal and social standing — a stance that strained relations with the European business community and some officials. In early 1880 the barrister Wu Cai (Wu Tingfang) was appointed temporarily to fill a vacant Legislative Council seat, becoming the first Chinese unofficial member; he resigned in 1882. Hennessy also relaxed some regulations aimed at Chinese residents and encouraged Chinese participation in public affairs. He left in 1882 to govern Mauritius. Hennessy Road in Wan Chai is named after him. 軒尼詩（John Pope Hennessy，1834–1891）係愛爾蘭裔天主教徒，來港前曾在多個英國殖民地任職，1877年4月出任港督，以同情華人、主張華洋平等見稱。他質疑殖民地長久以來對華人嘅歧視性措施，公開主張華人應享有同等法律與社會地位，因而與在港歐人商界及部分官員關係緊張。任內1880年初，大律師伍才（伍廷芳）獲臨時委任入立法局以填補出缺議席，成為首位華人非官守議員，1882年辭任。他亦放寬部分針對華人嘅規管，並鼓勵華人參與公共事務及慈善事業。1882年離任後轉任毛里裘斯總督，1891年逝世。灣仔主要幹道軒尼詩道以他命名。 ## 寶雲 / George Bowen 1883–1885. Sir George Bowen (1821–1899) was a British colonial administrator who had been the first Governor of Queensland, the fifth Governor of New Zealand, the fifth Governor of Victoria and the thirteenth Governor of Mauritius before becoming Hong Kong's ninth Governor in March 1883. Continuing his predecessor's line, he upheld the principle of Chinese representation and appointed Wong Shing as a Chinese unofficial member of the Legislative Council in 1884, entrenching a Chinese voice in the chamber. That same year, during the Sino-French War, Hong Kong dockers and wharf workers refused to work on French ships, triggering a large strike and demonstrations which the government met with arrests, force and deportations — an episode that forced the colonial administration to reckon with the collective strength of Chinese labour. He also tackled sanitation and water supply before leaving in 1885, and died in 1899. Bowen Road in Wan Chai, completed in 1888 with water mains carried on trestle sections, is named after him. 寶雲（George Bowen，1821–1899）係英國殖民地官員，來港前先後出任昆士蘭首任總督、紐西蘭第五任總督、維多利亞第五任總督及毛里裘斯第十三任總督，1883年3月出任第九任香港總督。他延續前任方向，支持在立法局設立華人議席，1884年正式委任黃勝為華人非官守議員，令立法局嘅華人聲音制度化。同年中法戰爭期間，香港碼頭與船塢工人拒絕為法國船隻工作，爆發大規模罷工與示威，政府一度以拘捕、武力與驅逐手段應對，事件令殖民政府正視華人勞工嘅集體力量。他任內亦着手改善衞生與供水問題，1885年離任返英，1899年逝世。灣仔寶雲道以他命名，該道1888年落成，部分路段以棧道形式敷設食水管。 ## 德輔 / George William Des Vœux 1887–1891. George William Des Vœux (1834–1909) became Governor in October 1887. On 19 January 1888 the revised Letters Patent took effect, providing that in making laws the Governor must not only seek but also obtain the consent of the Legislative Council — writing the legislature's check on the executive into the constitutional documents. In May the same year the Peak Tram opened, the first system of its kind in Asia, reshaping residential and transport patterns on the Peak. In 1890 verbatim records of Legislative Council proceedings first appeared in the Hong Kong Hansard, making parliamentary procedure transparent. He left in 1891; Des Voeux Road Central bears his name. 德輔（George William Des Vœux，1834–1909）來港前曾任斐濟總督及紐芬蘭總督，1887年10月出任港督。任內1888年1月19日經修訂嘅《英皇制誥》生效，規定總督制定法律時不但須徵求立法局意見，更須獲得立法局同意，立法機關嘅制衡角色由此明確寫入憲制文件；同年5月山頂纜車通車，成為亞洲首條此類纜車系統，改變山頂住宅與交通格局；1890年立法局會議過程嘅正式逐字紀錄首次載於《香港議事錄》，議會程序走向透明。任內香港人口與貿易持續增長，市政建設同步推展。他1891年離任返英，1909年逝世；中環德輔道中以他命名。 ## 威廉·羅便臣 / William Robinson 1891–1898. William Robinson (1836–1912) became Governor in December 1891. His gravest trial was the plague that arrived from Canton in May 1894: it spread rapidly through densely packed Chinese districts such as Taipingshan, killing more than 2,500 people that year. The government declared the affected area subject to the Sanitary Board, conducted house-to-house inspections, forcibly isolated patients and demolished buildings, measures that provoked strong resistance from Chinese residents and merchants. The plague troubled Hong Kong for nearly three decades and forced the government to confront overcrowding, drainage and sewage. He left in February 1898, the year the New Territories arrangements under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory were concluded. 威廉·羅便臣（William Robinson，1836–1912）1891年12月出任港督。任內最嚴峻嘅考驗係1894年5月由廣州傳入嘅鼠疫：疫情在太平山區等華人稠密地段迅速蔓延，當年死亡人數超過二千五百人；政府宣布疫區由潔淨局管轄，派員逐戶檢查、強制隔離病人並清拆部分樓房，措施引起華人居民與商界強烈反彈。疫情其後困擾香港近三十年，促使政府正視房屋擠迫、排水與污水處理等根本問題，逐步改善公共衞生。他任內香港人口與轉口貿易繼續增長，工商活動持續擴展。他1898年2月離任，其後立法局於同年通過《展拓香港界址專條》下嘅新界安排。他其後返英，1912年逝世。 ## 卜力 / Henry Arthur Blake 1898–1903. Sir Henry Arthur Blake (1840–1918), nicknamed 'Po Kung', was born in Limerick, Ireland. Before Hong Kong he governed the Bahamas (1884–1887), Newfoundland (1887–1888) and Jamaica (1889–1898), and became the colony's twelfth Governor on 25 November 1898, favouring as peaceful an approach as possible to the New Territories question. He sent Chief Superintendent Francis May to take over the New Territories and build police stations under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory; in April 1899 the British flag-raising at Tai Po met armed resistance — the 'Six-Day War' — after which troops stormed Kat Hing Wai at Kam Tin and removed its iron gates, and by the end of the year land registration, land and revenue systems were being extended across the new territory. During the Boxer crisis of 1900 refugees poured in and, in June, plague was traced to rats around Tai Ping Shan Street; the government briefly paid two cents a rat before switching to rat boxes, and that year Chinese leaders such as Ho Kai lobbied Blake over a South China republic. His term saw the laying of tram tracks (opened 1904) and the foundation stone of the Supreme Court (completed 1912), while the Star Ferry, Sincere department store and the South China Morning Post were all founded. In November 1903 he left to govern Ceylon (1903–1907) and in 1909 published 'China'. Blake Pier in Central, Blake Garden in Sheung Wan and the Hong Kong orchid tree Bauhinia × blakeana are named after him. 卜力（Henry Arthur Blake，1840–1918）生於愛爾蘭利默里克，別名「卜公」，來港前先後出任巴哈馬總督（1884–1887）、紐芬蘭總督（1887–1888）及牙買加總督（1889–1898），1898年11月25日出任第十二任香港總督，任內主張盡量以和平方式處理新界問題。他上任後派總警司梅含理接收新界及建立警署，落實《展拓香港界址專條》；1899年4月英方在大埔舉行升旗儀式時遭鄉民武裝抵抗，史稱「新界六日戰爭」，英軍其後攻入錦田吉慶圍並拆走圍門鐵門，同年底政府陸續在新界推行土地登記、田土與稅收制度。1900年庚子事變期間大批內地居民南來，6月香港瘟疫嚴重，港府查出疫源與太平山街一帶老鼠有關，一度以每隻兩仙嘅酬金鼓勵捕鼠，其後改用老鼠箱；同年何啟等華人精英亦遊說他支持華南成立共和國嘅構想。他任內鋪設電車軌道（1904年通車）、主持最高法院奠基禮（1912年啟用），天星小輪、先施百貨及《南華早報》亦先後創立。1903年11月他任滿轉任錫蘭總督（1903–1907），1909年出版《港督話神州》。中環卜公碼頭、上環卜公花園及洋紫荊（Bauhinia × blakeana）均以他命名。 ## 彌敦 / Matthew Nathan 1904–1907. Sir Matthew Nathan (1862–1939) was a British Jewish Royal Engineers officer and colonial administrator who in 1900 was appointed Governor of the Gold Coast, the first Jew to govern a British colony, and became Hong Kong's thirteenth Governor in July 1904. He pushed railways and infrastructure hard: construction of the British section of the Kowloon–Canton Railway from Tsim Sha Tsui to Lo Wu began in 1906 and opened in 1910, becoming the transport spine linking Kowloon with the New Territories, while he extended the road network and developed urban Kowloon and the Central and Western district; Nathan Road, Kowloon's widest artery, is named after him. On 18 September 1906 a typhoon struck Hong Kong head-on — the 1906 typhoon disaster — wrecking coastal shipping and buildings and killing more than ten thousand people, after which the government strengthened storm warnings and shelter arrangements. He left in 1907 to become Governor of Queensland (1907–1913) and later served in Britain, including as Under-Secretary for Ireland; he died in 1939. 彌敦（Matthew Nathan，1862–1939）係英籍猶太裔軍人及殖民地官員，服役於皇家工程兵，1900年獲委任為黃金海岸總督，成為首位出任大英帝國殖民地總督嘅猶太人；1904年7月他出任第十三任香港總督。他任內大力推動鐵路與基建，九廣鐵路英段（尖沙咀至羅湖）於1906年動工、1910年通車，奠定新界與九龍嘅交通命脈；他亦擴建道路網，發展九龍市區及中西區，九龍最寬闊嘅幹道彌敦道以他命名。1906年9月18日颱風正面吹襲香港（丙午風災），沿海船隻與房屋損毀嚴重，罹難人數逾萬，政府事後加強風災預警與避風設施。1907年他離任，轉任昆士蘭總督（1907–1913），其後返英歷任愛爾蘭事務次官等職，1939年逝世。 ## 盧押 / Frederick Lugard 1907–1912. Frederick Lugard (1858–1945), a soldier turned colonial administrator, became Governor in July 1907. He campaigned hard to win London's and the Chinese community's backing for a university; in 1911 the Legislative Council passed the ordinance establishing the University of Hong Kong, which opened in 1912 — the beginning of higher education in the city, for which Lugard is often credited as a chief driving force. In October 1910 the British section of the Kowloon–Canton Railway opened throughout, linking Tsim Sha Tsui with Lo Wu and greatly increasing movement of people and goods. He also dealt with smuggling, public order and boundary questions such as the Kowloon Walled City. He left in 1912 to govern Nigeria. 盧押（Frederick Lugard，1858–1945）係軍人出身嘅殖民地官員，來港前長期在非洲及亞洲任職，1907年7月出任港督。他上任後大力游說倫敦同華人社會支持成立一所大學，1911年立法局通過條例設立香港大學，1912年正式開課，成為香港高等教育嘅起點，他常被視為港大嘅主要催生者之一。1910年10月九廣鐵路英段全線通車，連接尖沙咀與羅湖，令新界與九龍嘅人流物流大幅提升。他任內亦處理走私、治安及九龍城寨等邊界問題，並完善新界土地登記與行政管理。他1912年離任後轉任尼日利亞總督，其後以殖民地管治理論著作聞名，1945年逝世。 ## 梅含理 / Francis Henry May 1912–1918. Sir Francis Henry May (1860–1922) was born in Dublin on 14 March 1860, son of the Chief Justice of Ireland, and educated at Harrow and Trinity College Dublin. In 1881 he joined the Hong Kong government as a cadet and spent two years in Beijing learning Chinese, becoming fluent in Cantonese. Captain Superintendent of Police from 1893 to 1901 — commanding the Hong Kong police and some British troops during the Six-Day War in the New Territories — he became Colonial Secretary in 1902 and governed Fiji as High Commissioner for the Western Pacific in 1911–1912 before taking office as Hong Kong's fifteenth Governor on 4 July 1912. Landing at Blake Pier that day he was shot at by the assassin Li Hon-hung but was unhurt, insisting on proceeding to the City Hall to be sworn in — the only Hong Kong governor to have been the target of an assassination attempt; afterwards governors travelled by car, and May was the first to do so. His ban on the circulation of Chinese coins triggered the tram boycott of 1912–1913; he enacted the Education Ordinance of 1913 requiring private schools to register and the Seditious Publications Ordinance of 1914, and, with British residents called up in the First World War, founded a police school to rebuild the force. The Happy Valley racecourse fire of 26 February 1918 killed more than six hundred people and prompted a review of timber buildings and public safety. He left for Canada in 1918 with a heart condition, was allowed to retire early in 1919 and died in 1922. May Road on the Mid-Levels and May Hall at the University of Hong Kong are named after him; he lived in Hong Kong for thirty-eight years, longer than any other governor. 梅含理（Francis Henry May，1860–1922）1860年3月14日生於愛爾蘭都柏林，父親係愛爾蘭首席法官，他先後就讀哈羅公學及都柏林三一學院，1881年獲香港政府聘任為官學生，並曾赴北京學習中文兩年，故懂得廣東話。他1893至1901年任香港警察隊長，期間指揮新界六日戰中嘅香港警察及部分英軍；1902年獲委任為輔政司，1911至1912年出任斐濟總督兼西太平洋高級專員，1912年7月4日出任第十五任香港總督。他到任當日在卜公碼頭登岸時遭槍手李漢雄行刺，未有受傷，仍照原定行程入大會堂宣誓就職，成為唯一一位曾遭意圖行刺嘅港督；此後港督出入改乘汽車，他亦是首位乘坐汽車嘅港督。任內他禁止中國錢幣在港流通，觸發1912至1913年嘅拒搭電車運動；1913年訂立《教育條例》規管私立學校，1914年頒布《叛亂刊物條例》；一戰爆發後在港英籍人士被徵召服役，他興建警察學校以補充警力。1918年2月26日跑馬地馬場大火造成逾六百人死亡，政府事後檢討木構建築與公共場所安全。1918年他因心臟病赴加拿大休養，1919年獲准提早退休，1922年逝世。半山梅道及香港大學梅堂以他命名；他在香港居住共三十八年，係歷任港督中居港最長嘅一位。 ## 司徒拔 / Reginald Edward Stubbs 1919–1925. Reginald Edward Stubbs (1876–1947) became Governor in September 1919. From January to March 1922 a seamen's strike saw tens of thousands of seamen and dockworkers stop work, paralysing shipping; the government declared an emergency and restricted some unions, but employers ultimately conceded wage rises — a landmark in Hong Kong labour history. He also handled New Territories villagers' demands over land and customary rights, and in the mid-1920s the government returned the iron gates of Kat Hing Wai in Kam Tin, taken during the 1899 resistance, to ease relations (usually dated 1924–25). He left in March 1925, months before the Canton–Hong Kong General Strike began. Stubbs Road towards Happy Valley is named after him. 司徒拔（Reginald Edward Stubbs，1876–1947）1919年9月出任港督。任內1922年1月至3月爆發海員大罷工，數萬名海員及碼頭工人停工，航運幾近癱瘓，政府一度宣布緊急狀態並禁止部分工會活動，最終資方讓步加薪，事件成為香港工運嘅里程碑。他任內亦處理新界鄉民對土地與傳統權益嘅訴求，1920年代中政府把1899年新界抗英時取走嘅錦田吉慶圍鐵門歸還鄉民，以緩和關係（一般記為1924至1925年間）。他1925年3月離任，同年6月省港大罷工爆發。灣仔往跑馬地方向嘅司徒拔道以他命名。 ## 金文泰 / Cecil Clementi 1925–1930. Cecil Clementi (1875–1947), a Colonial Office 'China hand' who had served in Hong Kong and spoke Chinese and Cantonese, became Governor in November 1925 — the first governor able to speak directly with the Chinese community. He arrived at the height of the Canton–Hong Kong General Strike (June 1925–October 1926), combining negotiation with conciliatory gestures and courting Chinese elites; in 1926 he appointed Chow Shouson as the first Chinese member of the Executive Council, bringing Chinese representation into the top decision-making body. He also championed Chinese education, founding the Government Vernacular Middle School (today's Clementi Secondary School) in 1926 and helping establish the University of Hong Kong's Department of Chinese in 1927. He left in 1930 to govern the Straits Settlements. 金文泰（Cecil Clementi，1875–1947）係殖民地部嘅「中國通」，早年加入香港政府任官學生，通曉中文與廣東話，1925年11月出任港督，係首位能直接與華人溝通的港督。他上任時省港大罷工（1925年6月至1926年10月）正值高峰，他以談判與懷柔並用方式處理，並拉攏華人精英支持政府；1926年委任周壽臣為首位華人行政局議員，華人正式進入最高決策機構。他亦重視中文教育，1926年創辦官立漢文中學（今金文泰中學），1927年促成香港大學中文學院成立，1930年離任後任海峽殖民地總督兼馬來聯邦高級專員，1947年逝世。 ## 貝璐 / William Peel 1930–1935. Sir William Peel (1875–1945) was a British colonial official who had served long in Malaya before becoming Governor of Hong Kong in May 1930, just as the Great Depression struck. Hong Kong's re-export trade and export industries contracted, unemployment rose, and the government was forced to retrench, slow public works and review salaries; Peel nonetheless pressed on with reservoirs, roads and sanitation and handled long-standing issues such as the Kowloon Walled City and New Territories land. In the early 1930s the colony began shifting from an entrepôt towards local manufacturing, with registered factories and industrial employment rising steadily — the first stage of an industrial sector that would hold its own in export markets. He left Hong Kong in 1935 and retired to Britain, dying in 1945; Peel Rise on the Peak is named after him. 貝璐（William Peel，1875–1945）係英國殖民地官員，長年在馬來亞任公職，1930年5月出任香港總督。上任即遇上世界大蕭條，香港轉口貿易與出口工業萎縮、失業上升，政府被迫緊縮開支、放緩公共工程並檢討薪俸，他同時設法維持社會基本服務；他任內仍繼續推進水塘、道路與衞生設施，並處理九龍城寨、新界土地及鄉政等長期問題，任內亦完成多項供水與市政工程。1930年代初香港逐步由轉口港向本地工業轉型，登記工廠與工人數目穩步上升，他亦見證本地工業在出口市場站穩陣腳嘅起步階段。1935年他離任返英退休，1945年逝世。山頂貝璐道以他命名。 ## 郝德傑 / Andrew Caldecott 1935–1937. Sir Andrew Caldecott (1884–1951) was a senior British colonial official who joined the Federated Malay States government in 1907 and served long in Malaya and the Straits Settlements, becoming Colonial Secretary of the Straits Settlements in 1933–1935 and earning a reputation for conciliation and good race relations; in December 1935 he became Hong Kong's nineteenth Governor. His tenure brought a run of reforms: on 1 January 1936 the old Sanitary Board was reconstituted as the Urban Council, and the Jubilee Reservoir and Queen Mary Hospital were completed during his term. As conditions in China deteriorated he met Nationalist officials repeatedly, hosting Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in Canton in September 1936, while Hong Kong became a haven for mainland capital, talent and refugees and its population and business activity rose sharply; he also handled air-raid precautions, defence and sanitation and expanded schools and medical facilities. On 16 April 1937, with unrest in Ceylon prompting his transfer, he left Hong Kong abruptly to govern Ceylon until September 1944. In retirement he served on the colonial service appointments board, urging that a central department coordinate colonial service appointments; a keen painter, pianist and writer, he published two books of ghost stories. Caldecott Road in Kowloon Tong is named after him. 郝德傑（Andrew Caldecott，1884–1951）係英國資深殖民地官員，1907年加入馬來聯邦政府，長期在馬來亞及海峽殖民地供職，1933至1935年任海峽殖民地輔政司，以善於排難解紛及調和種族關係著稱，1935年12月出任第十九任香港總督。任內他帶領港府推動多項革新，1936年1月1日把原有潔淨局正式改組為市政局，銀禧水塘及瑪麗醫院亦在其任內建成；隨着中國局勢日益動盪，他多次與國民政府官員會面，1936年9月更在廣州宴請蔣介石委員長。同期香港成為內地資金、人才與難民嘅避風港，人口與工商活動明顯上升，他任內亦處理防空、防務與衞生問題，並擴充學校與醫療設施。1937年4月16日，他因錫蘭局勢不穩匆匆卸任，調任錫蘭總督至1944年9月。晚年居英，曾任英政府殖民地服務任命委員會委員，倡議以中央部門統籌各地殖民地政務職系詮敘事務；他興趣廣泛，愛好繪畫及鋼琴，晚年曾出版兩本靈異故事小說。九龍塘郝德傑道以他命名。 ## 羅富國 / Geoffry Northcote 1937–1941. Geoffry Northcote (1881–1948) became Governor in October 1937 as the colony moved from unrest to war. After Canton fell in 1938 refugees poured in, pushing the population above 1.6 million; when the Second World War began in Europe in 1939 Hong Kong stepped up air-raid precautions, conscription and food stockpiles. He also invested in teacher training, founding the Northcote Training College in 1939 (one of the predecessor colleges of today's Education University of Hong Kong, named after him) to supply teachers for post-war mass education. He left in September 1941 on health grounds, handing over to Mark Young; Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong that December. 羅富國（Geoffry Northcote，1881–1948）1937年10月出任港督，任內香港局勢由動盪走向戰爭。1938年廣州淪陷後大量內地難民湧入，人口急升至超過一百六十萬，房屋、糧食與衞生承受沉重壓力。1939年第二次世界大戰在歐洲爆發，香港隨即加強防空、徵兵與糧食儲備，並推行民防演習。他亦重視師資培訓，1939年創辦羅富國師範學院（香港教育大學前身院校之一，以他命名），為戰後普及教育儲備教師。他任內亦要處理糧食價格、房屋短缺等民生問題。1941年9月他因健康理由離任，由楊慕琦接任；同年12月日軍進攻香港。他1948年逝世。 ## 楊慕琦 / Mark Young 1941; 1946–1947. Mark Young (1886–1974) became Governor in September 1941. On 8 December Japanese forces invaded; after eighteen days of fighting he surrendered Hong Kong at the Peninsula Hotel on Christmas night, and spent more than three years as a prisoner of war. He returned as Governor in May 1946 and the Legislative Council resumed on 1 May. He then proposed the 'Young Plan', proposing to restructure the Council, increase unofficial membership and create a municipal council — a plan that lapsed in 1949. He left office in 1947, succeeded by Alexander Grantham. He remains the only Governor to serve both before the fall of Hong Kong and after its liberation. 楊慕琦（Mark Young，1886–1974）1941年9月接任港督，同年12月8日日軍進攻香港，經過十八日激戰，他在12月25日聖誕夜於半島酒店代表香港向日本投降，香港自此進入三年零八個月嘅日治時期，他本人被囚於戰俘營三年多。1946年5月他復任總督，立法局於5月1日復會，他着手重建行政架構並處理糧食、房屋等戰後問題；他隨即提出「楊慕琦計劃」，建議改革立法局組成、增加非官守議員並引入市政議會構想，惟計劃在1949年無疾而終。1947年他離任，由葛量洪接任，1974年逝世。他亦係香港歷史上唯一兩度出任總督並經歷淪陷與光復嘅人。 ## 葛量洪 / Alexander Grantham 1947–1957. Alexander Grantham (1899–1978) became Governor in July 1947 and served for ten years, one of the longest post-war tenures. Hong Kong's population soared as mainland conflicts and political change drove people south, and after the Korean War brought an embargo in 1950 the colony was forced to shift from entrepôt trade to manufacturing, with textiles and garments booming. On 25 December 1953 the Shek Kip Mei fire left over 50,000 people homeless overnight, prompting the resettlement housing programme and the creation in 1954 of the Resettlement Department — the start of Hong Kong's public housing story. In October 1956 the Double Tenth riots required troops and police to restore order. The fireboat Alexander Grantham, commissioned in 1953, was named after him; retired in 2002, it is now held by the Hong Kong Museum of History. He left office in 1957. 葛量洪（Alexander Grantham，1899–1978）1947年7月出任港督，任期長達十年，係戰後在任最久嘅港督之一。他任內香港人口因內地戰事同政權更替而急增，1950年韓戰爆發後更因禁運而被迫由轉口港轉向工業生產，紡織、製衣等行業迅速興起。1953年12月25日石硤尾大火令五萬多人一夜無家可歸，促使政府推行徙置房屋計劃，1954年成立徙置事務處，揭開香港公共房屋史。1956年10月發生雙十暴動，政府須出動軍警恢復秩序。1953年服役嘅「葛量洪號」滅火輪以他命名，該船2002年退役後成為香港歷史博物館藏品。他1957年離任。 ## 柏立基 / Robert Black 1958–1964. Robert Black (1906–1999) became Governor in January 1958. With the population passing three million, demand for housing, schooling and water surged, and his administration accelerated resettlement blocks, new town development and primary school expansion. In 1962 a large influx of residents from the mainland created population and border pressures. In September 1963 the Legislative Council completed the Chinese University of Hong Kong Ordinance, and on 17 October he personally presided over the university's inauguration at City Hall — formed from New Asia, Chung Chi and United Colleges, it became Hong Kong's second university and a milestone for Chinese-language and local higher education. He also contended with water rationing and left office in 1964. 柏立基（Robert Black，1906–1999）1958年1月出任港督。他任內香港人口突破三百萬，房屋、教育與食水需求急劇上升，政府加速興建徙置大廈、擴展新市鎮並推行小學擴展計劃，為普及教育奠定基礎。1962年內地出現大批居民湧入香港嘅浪潮，政府須處理人口壓力同邊境秩序。1963年9月立法局完成《香港中文大學條例》，同年10月17日他親自在香港大會堂主持中文大學成立典禮，中大由新亞、崇基、聯合三院組成，成為香港第二所大學，為中文教育同本地高等教育寫下新一頁。他任內亦面對制水等民生難題，1964年離任，1999年逝世。 ## 戴麟趾 / David Trench 1964–1971. Sir David Trench (1915–1988) was a senior British colonial official and a former High Commissioner for the Western Pacific who became Hong Kong's twenty-fourth Governor on 15 April 1964 and left on 19 October 1971. Industry grew strongly during his term, with export manufacturing and employment expanding together, but social tensions and labour grievances also surfaced: in April 1966 a Star Ferry fare rise sparked the Kowloon disturbances, and from May 1967 large-scale anti-British riots broke out, with bombs and strikes continuing for months, the government declaring a state of emergency, arresting large numbers and overhauling labour, societies and public-order legislation. He responded with social reforms — better labour rights, more public housing and social services — and in 1971 introduced six years of free primary education, a milestone in universal schooling. Major infrastructure was planned and begun in his time, including the Cross-Harbour Tunnel, the Kwai Chung container port and the High Island reservoir, laying the ground for the economic take-off of the 1970s. He retired to Britain in October 1971 and died in 1988. 戴麟趾（David Trench，1915–1988）係英國資深殖民地官員，曾任西太平洋高級專員，1964年4月15日出任第二十四任香港總督，1971年10月19日卸任。任內香港工業長足發展，出口製造業與就業同步擴張，但社會矛盾與勞工問題亦浮現：1966年4月天星小輪加價引發九龍騷動，1967年5月起更爆發大規模反英抗暴（六七暴動），炸彈襲擊與罷工持續多月，政府須宣布緊急狀態、拘捕大批人士並整頓勞工、社團及公安法例。他任內推動社會改革以回應民怨，包括改善勞工權益、擴展公共房屋與社會服務，並於1971年推行六年免費小學教育，為普及教育立下里程碑；多項大型基建在他任內規劃及動工，包括紅磡海底隧道、葵涌貨櫃碼頭及萬宜水庫，為1970年代香港經濟起飛奠下基礎。1971年10月他離任返英，1988年逝世。 ## 麥理浩 / Murray MacLehose 1971–1982 (longest-serving Governor). Murray MacLehose (1917–2000) became Governor in November 1971 and served ten and a half years — the longest tenure in Hong Kong's history and a decisive one in shaping modern Hong Kong. He launched the Ten-Year Housing Programme (1972), greatly expanding public housing; after the 1973 stock market crash and the flight of a corruption-tainted senior superintendent, he established the Independent Commission Against Corruption in 1974, transforming the integrity of government and society; the Country Parks Ordinance of 1976 protected about forty per cent of Hong Kong's land, and in 1979 the MacLehose Trail named after him opened; nine-year free education followed in 1978. In March 1979 he visited Beijing and met Deng Xiaoping, the first Governor formally to raise Hong Kong's future with China, opening the way to later Sino-British negotiations. He left in 1982. 麥理浩（Murray MacLehose，1917–2000）1971年11月出任港督，任期十年半，係香港歷史上在任最久嘅港督，亦係塑造現代香港嘅關鍵人物。他上任後推行十年建屋計劃（1972），令公共房屋供應大增；1973年股市崩潰同總警司葛柏貪污潛逃事件後，他於1974年成立總督特派廉政專員公署（廉政公署），徹底改變政府同社會嘅廉潔面貌；1976年制訂郊野公園條例，保育香港約四成土地，1979年開放以他命名嘅麥理浩徑；1978年推行九年免費教育。1979年3月他訪問北京會見鄧小平，成為首位正式向中方提出香港前途問題嘅港督，為日後中英談判揭開序幕。1982年離任。 ## 尤德 / Edward Youde 1982–1986. Edward Youde (1924–1986), a diplomat and former British Ambassador to China who spoke Chinese and Japanese, became Governor in May 1982 at the most critical stage of the negotiations over Hong Kong's future. His tenure saw rounds of Sino-British talks culminating in the Joint Declaration signed in Beijing on 19 December 1984, fixing Hong Kong's return to China on 1 July 1997; he also managed the currency arrangements that followed the 1983 dollar crisis. In 1985 the Legislative Council introduced the first seats returned by functional constituencies and an electoral college, beginning the chamber's shift from appointment to election. On 5 December 1986 he died of a heart attack while visiting Beijing — the only Governor to die in office. 尤德（Edward Youde，1924–1986）係外交官出身，曾任英國駐華大使，通曉中文與日文，1982年5月出任港督，正值香港前途問題談判最關鍵嘅階段。他任內中英兩國就香港前途展開多輪談判，1984年12月19日《中英聯合聲明》在北京簽署，確定香港於1997年7月1日回歸中國；他亦處理1983年港元危機後嘅貨幣制度安排，其後香港實行聯繫匯率。1985年立法局首次引入功能組別及選舉團產生嘅議席，議會開始由委任走向選舉。1986年12月5日他訪問北京期間因心臟病發逝世，成為唯一在任內離世嘅港督，總督一職由衛奕信接任。 ## 衛奕信 / David Wilson 1987–1992. David Wilson (born 1935), a diplomat and sinologist who had been Britain's chief representative on the Sino-British Joint Liaison Group, became Governor in April 1987. He oversaw implementation of the Joint Declaration's transitional arrangements, including the new airport and port strategy (the 'Rose Garden Project'), major infrastructure and the convergence of constitutional arrangements; in April 1990 the National People's Congress adopted and promulgated the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; in 1991 the Legislative Council introduced its first directly elected seats and passed the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance, writing human rights protection into local law. He also advanced housing, education and welfare reform, leaving office in July 1992. The 78-kilometre Wilson Trail across the New Territories and Hong Kong Island is named after him. 衛奕信（David Wilson，1935–　）係外交官及漢學家出身，曾任中英聯合聯絡小組英方首席代表，1987年4月出任港督。他任內負責落實《中英聯合聲明》嘅過渡安排，包括新機場及港口發展策略（「玫瑰園計劃」）、大型基建與政制銜接，為跨越九七嘅工程鋪路；1990年4月《全國人民代表大會》通過並頒布《香港特別行政區基本法》；1991年立法局首次引入直選議席，同年通過《香港人權法案條例》，人權保障寫入本地法例。他亦推動房屋、教育與福利改革，並在任內落實多項跨越九七嘅大型基建規劃，1992年7月離任。全長78公里、橫跨新界與港島嘅衛奕信徑以他命名。 ## 彭定康 / Chris Patten 1992–1997. Chris Patten (born 1944), a former chairman of the British Conservative Party, became Hong Kong's last Governor in July 1992. He proposed sweeping constitutional reforms expanding directly elected seats in the Legislative Council, abolishing appointed seats and reshaping functional constituency voting; Beijing objected and Sino-British talks on the 'through train' arrangement broke down. After the September 1995 elections every Legislative Council seat was filled by election for the first time. In December 1996 Tung Chee-hwa was elected the first Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. At midnight on 30 June 1997 the handover ceremony was held at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, ending 155 years of British rule; Patten left office and the governorship passed into history. 彭定康（Chris Patten，1944–　）係英國保守黨主席出身，1992年7月出任香港最後一任總督。他上任後提出政改方案，擴大立法局直選成份、取消委任議席並改革功能組別選舉安排，方案引起中方不滿，中英就「直通車」安排談判破裂。1995年9月立法局選舉後，議會首次全部議席由選舉產生，民選程度達到殖民地時期最高；1996年12月董建華當選香港特別行政區首任行政長官。1997年6月30日午夜，主權交接儀式在香港會議展覽中心舉行，英國結束對香港一百五十五年嘅管治，彭定康隨之離任，港督一職正式走入歷史；他離任後返英從政，其後出任歐盟對外事務專員。 ## 磯谷廉介 / Isogai Rennosuke 1942–1944 (Japanese occupation Governor). Rennosuke Isogai (1886–1967) was a lieutenant general of the Imperial Japanese Army, born in Hyogo Prefecture on 3 September 1886 and a graduate of the Army War College. He held senior command posts in the 1930s and in 1938 led the 10th Division in the Battle of Xuzhou, including the fighting at Taierzhuang. After Japan seized Hong Kong on 25 December 1941 the colony was first run by a military administration under Takashi Sakai; on 20 February 1942 a Governor's Office was established and Isogai became the first Governor of occupied Hong Kong, with its headquarters in Central. His rule was military government in the fullest sense: military scrip replaced the Hong Kong dollar, rice was rationed, goods and expression were controlled, Japanese-language education was imposed, streets and buildings were renamed in Japanese style, and a repatriation policy deported large numbers of residents, cutting the population from about 1.6 million before the war to roughly 600,000 afterwards. In December 1944 he was transferred to Taiwan, Hisakazu Tanaka succeeding him as governor. After the war he was prosecuted as a war criminal by the Nanjing military tribunal; he died on 6 June 1967. 磯谷廉介（1886–1967）係日本陸軍中將，兵庫縣人，1886年9月3日出生，畢業於日本陸軍大學校，1930年代歷任軍中要職，1938年曾率第10師團參與徐州會戰，包括台兒莊一役。日軍1941年12月25日佔領香港後，先由軍政廳（酒井隆等）管治；1942年2月20日改設總督部，磯谷出任香港佔領地首任總督，總部設於中環。他任內推行軍政統治：發行軍票取代港幣、實施米糧配給、管制物資與言論，並以「歸鄉政策」強制遣返大量居民，令香港人口由戰前約一百六十萬大幅下降至戰後約六十萬；他亦推行日語教育與改名制度，把香港街道、建築改以日式名稱。1944年12月他離任調往台灣，香港佔領地總督其後由田中久一接任。戰後他被南京軍事法庭作為戰犯起訴審判。1967年6月6日逝世。 ## 田中久一 / Tanaka Hisaichi 1945 (Japanese occupation Governor). Hisakazu Tanaka (1889–1947), born in Hyogo Prefecture and originally surnamed Koganei, was a lieutenant general of the Imperial Japanese Army. A graduate of the Army Academy in 1910 and the Army War College in 1918, he became chief of staff of the Taiwan Army and then of the 21st Army in 1938, helping direct the landing at Bias Bay and the capture of Canton; promoted lieutenant general in 1940, he commanded the 21st Division in the invasion of French Indochina, and in March 1943 took command of the 23rd Army in South China, based in Canton. When the Japanese reorganised the Hong Kong occupied territory in December 1944 and Isogai Rennosuke was posted to Taiwan, Tanaka concurrently became Governor of occupied Hong Kong from 1 February 1945 until the surrender on 15 August. After Japan capitulated he signed surrender documents in Canton before Zhang Fakui's 2nd Army Group and in Swatow before Yu Hanmou's 7th War Area; the Hong Kong surrender ceremony took place at Government House on 16 September, when Major General Umekichi Okada and others surrendered to Rear-Admiral Cecil Harcourt of the Royal Navy, ending three years and eight months of Japanese occupation. Classified a Class B war criminal, he was sent to the US military tribunal in Shanghai in December 1945 and in March 1946 was condemned to death by hanging for the unlawful execution of Allied prisoners of war while governor, before being handed to China over his 23rd Army's crimes. His trial opened at the Canton military tribunal on 18 May 1946, sentence of death was passed on 9 October 1946, and he was shot at the Liuhua Bridge execution ground in Canton on 27 March 1947. 田中久一（1889–1947）本姓小金井，係日本陸軍中將，兵庫縣人，1910年畢業於日本陸軍士官學校第22期，1918年畢業於陸軍大學校第30期。他1938年任台灣軍參謀長及第21軍參謀長，參與指揮在廣東大亞灣登陸及攻佔廣州；1940年升中將並任第21師團長，負責進攻法屬印度支那（佛印作戰）；1943年3月出任第23軍司令官，主管華南軍事，駐地廣州。1944年12月日軍改組香港佔領地政府，磯谷廉介調任台灣，香港佔領地總督一職自1945年2月1日起改由田中兼任，至8月15日投降為止。1945年8月日本宣布無條件投降，他先後在廣州向張發奎第二方面軍、在汕頭向余漢謀第七戰區簽署降書；9月16日香港受降儀式在總督府（今禮賓府）舉行，日方由岡田梅吉少將等代表向英國海軍少將夏愨投降，三年零八個月嘅日治時期結束。戰後他被列為乙級戰犯，1945年12月送交美軍上海軍事法庭，1946年3月被追究在任香港佔領地總督期間「法外處決盟軍戰俘」之責，判處絞刑，其後因其第23軍部隊在華戰爭罪行被轉交中國審判；1946年5月18日廣州行營軍事法庭開審，同年10月9日判處死刑，1947年3月27日在廣州流花橋刑場被槍決。 ## 何鴻燊 / Stanley Ho 1961–2018. Stanley Ho (1921–2020) was born in Hong Kong into the prominent Eurasian Ho Tung family — a grandson of Sir Robert Ho Tung's brother Ho Fook — and was known as 'Ninth Brother'. He attended Queen's College; when his father lost the family fortune in the stock market in 1934 and fled to Vietnam, he won a government scholarship on the strength of his results in Hong Kong's first school-leaving examination and entered the University of Hong Kong in 1939. When Japan invaded in 1941 he left without graduating and went alone to Macau, working on cargo boats for the Sino-Portuguese-Japanese trading firm Leung Cheong and learning Japanese; within half a year he was a shareholder. He moved into kerosene, shipping and property, and in 1961 joined Henry Fok, Teddy Yip and Yip Hon to win Macau's casino monopoly for HK$3.167 million; Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau was formed the following year and the Lisboa hotel opened in 1970, giving him decades of dominance as the 'King of Gambling'. His Hong Kong flagship Shun Tak Holdings spanned shipping, property, hotels and entertainment, and he served as a Standing Committee member of the CPPCC; he received the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2007 and died in Hong Kong on 26 May 2020, aged 98. 何鴻燊（1921–2020），廣東寶安人，生於香港，歐亞混血，出身顯赫的何東家族，係何東爵士胞弟何福的孫兒，在兄弟姊妹中排行第九，人稱「九爺」。他九歲入讀皇仁書院，1934年父親因股票投資失利破產、遠走越南，家道中落；1937年他在首屆香港中學畢業會考取得佳績，獲政府全費獎學金，1939年入讀香港大學理學院。1941年日軍攻港，他未及畢業便隻身赴澳門，加入中葡日聯營的聯昌公司做押船工作，並自學日語，半年後已成為公司股東。他其後涉足煤油、船務同地產，1961年與霍英東、葉德利、葉漢合組財團，以三百一十六萬七千元投得澳門賭場專營權，翌年成立澳門旅遊娛樂有限公司，1970年葡京酒店開幕，長期獨佔澳門博彩業，被稱為「賭王」。他創辦的香港信德集團業務遍及航運、地產、酒店同娛樂，並曾任全國政協常委，2007年獲頒大紫荊勳章，2020年5月26日在香港逝世，享年九十八歲。 ## 郭得勝 / Kwok Tak-seng 1958–1990. Kwok Tak-seng (1911–1990) was born in Macau to a family from Shekki in Zhongshan, Guangdong, where he grew up in the wholesale grocery trade; he fled to Hong Kong with his family during the Japanese invasion. After the war he opened the Hung Hing Hop Kee grocery in Sheung Wan, trading in provisions and industrial materials, which grew into the Hung Cheong wholesale house. In 1952 he founded Hung Cheong & Co. with Yeung Yiu-chung to deal in imported goods, and in 1954 secured the Hong Kong sole agency for YKK zips; his network reached Guangdong, Macau and Southeast Asia and earned him the name 'King of Miscellaneous Imports'. In 1958 he entered property with Lee Shau-kee and Fung King-hey through Wing Yip Enterprises, and in 1963 the three put in HK$1 million each to found Sun Hung Kai Enterprises; Sun Hung Kai Properties listed in 1972 and became one of Hong Kong's leading developers. He died of a heart attack at the Sanatorium Hospital on 30 October 1990, aged 79, when SHKP's market value stood at HK$25.4 billion — 62 times its value at listing. He and his wife Kwong Siu-hing had three sons, Walter, Thomas and Raymond Kwok, who took over the business. 郭得勝（1911–1990），廣東中山石岐人，在澳門出生、石岐長大，家族經營雜貨批發，日本侵華期間隨家人逃難來港。香港重光後，他在上環開設鴻興合記雜貨店，經營雜貨及工業原料批發，其後擴展為鴻昌百貨批發商行；1952年他與楊耀松創辦鴻昌行經營洋貨，1954年更奪得日本YKK拉鏈的香港獨家代理權，生意遍及省港澳同東南亞，因而有「洋雜大王」之稱。1958年，他與李兆基、馮景禧合夥創辦永業企業公司，踏足地產；1963年三人各出資一百萬元創辦新鴻基公司，1972年新鴻基地產上市，日後成為香港最主要的發展商之一。1990年10月30日，他因心臟病在養和醫院逝世，終年七十九歲，當時新鴻基地產市值達二百五十四億元，較上市時增長六十二倍。他與妻子鄺肖卿育有三子郭炳湘、郭炳江同郭炳聯，新鴻基其後由三兄弟接手。 ## 鄭裕彤 / Cheng Yu-tung 1940s–2010s. Cheng Yu-tung (1925–2016), known as 'Uncle Tung', was born in Shunde, Guangdong, and co-founded New World Development. His father was a silk merchant in Guangzhou and a friend of the gold trader Chow Chi-yuen; Cheng had only a primary education and, after the Sino-Japanese war broke out in 1938, left school to work as a junior in Chow Tai Fook jewellers in Macau, rising to run the shop in 1943 — the year he married Chow's daughter Chow Tsui-ying, to whom he had been betrothed before birth. He inherited Chow Tai Fook in 1956, pioneered the 'four nines' (999.9) gold standard and in 1964 bought a South African company holding a De Beers diamond rough licence. In the 1950s he built flats in Happy Valley and Causeway Bay, and after the 1967 riots he bought property heavily. In 1970 he joined Ho Sin Hang and Kwok Tak-seng to found New World Development, taking 57% and the post of managing director, and listing in 1972; he became chairman in 1982. In the 1980s he invested HK$1.8 billion with the Trade Development Council to build the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre in Wan Chai, backed mainland projects such as the China Hotel in Guangzhou, and briefly bought into ATV. He listed Chow Tai Fook Jewellery in 2011, stepped down as New World chairman in 2012, and died peacefully at home on 29 September 2016, aged 91. 鄭裕彤（1925–2016），廣東順德人，新世界發展創辦人之一，人稱「彤叔」。他父親係廣州的綢緞商人，同黃金商人周至元係同鄉好友；鄭裕彤只讀過小學，1938年抗日戰爭爆發後便輟學，到澳門周大福珠寶金行由小夥計做起，1943年升任金舖掌管，同年與指腹為婚的周翠英結婚，1956年繼承周大福。他首創「四條九」足金成色標準，1964年更在南非購入持有戴比爾斯鑽石胚牌照的公司。1950年代他已在跑馬地、銅鑼灣興建住宅，1967年六七暴動後大舉購入地產物業；1970年他與何善衡、郭得勝合組新世界發展，個人佔股五成七並出任董事總經理，1972年公司上市，1982年接任主席。1980年代他投資十八億元與貿易發展局合作興建灣仔香港會議展覽中心，並參與廣州中國大酒店等內地項目，又一度購入亞洲電視股權。2011年他把私人持有的周大福珠寶上市，2012年退任新世界主席，2016年9月29日在家安詳辭世，享年九十一歲。 ## 陳啟宗 / Ronnie Chan 1991–2024. Ronnie Chan Chi-chung, born in Hong Kong in 1949, is the former chairman of Hang Lung Group and Hang Lung Properties. Educated at St Paul's Co-educational College, he took an MBA at the University of Southern California and joined the family conglomerate in 1972, founded by his father Chan Tseng-hsi and his uncle Chan Tseng-tao. After his father's death in 1986 his uncle became chairman and Ronnie joined the Hang Lung Properties board; when his uncle retired in 1991 he took over both companies as the third-generation helmsman. From the 1990s he shifted Hang Lung's focus from Hong Kong to the mainland, building Plaza 66 and Grand Gateway 66 in Shanghai and then replicating the 'Plaza 66' model in Wuxi, Tianjin, Dalian, Kunming, Wuhan and Hangzhou, making Hang Lung a byword among Hong Kong developers for high-end mainland shopping malls. Long active in public affairs, he was vice-president of the Real Estate Developers Association, vice-chairman of Asia Society and chairman of its Hong Kong centre, and an adviser to the China Development Research Foundation; he received an honorary doctorate from HKUST in 2004 and the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2017. He stepped down as chairman in April 2024, handing over to his son Adriel Chan. 陳啟宗1949年生於香港，恒隆集團及恒隆地產前董事長。他畢業於聖保羅男女中學，其後在美國南加州大學取得工商管理碩士學位，1972年加入父親陳曾熙及叔父陳曾燾創辦的恒隆集團。1986年父親逝世後，由叔父出任集團董事長，他獲委任加入恒隆地產董事局；1991年叔父退任，他接掌恒隆集團同恒隆地產，成為第三代掌舵人。1990年代起，他把恒隆的發展重心由香港轉向內地，先後在上海建成恒隆廣場同港匯恒隆廣場，其後把「恒隆廣場」模式複製到無錫、天津、大連、昆明、武漢、杭州等城市，令恒隆成為香港發展商北上發展高端購物商場的代表之一。他長期活躍於公共事務，曾任香港地產建設商會副會長、亞洲協會副主席兼香港分會主席，並出任中國發展研究基金會理事會顧問，2004年獲香港科技大學頒授榮譽社會科學博士，2017年獲頒大紫荊勳章。2024年4月他退任董事長，由兒子陳文博接任。 ## 馮國經 / Victor Fung 1980s–present. Victor Fung Kwok-king, born in Hong Kong in 1945 to a family from Heshan, Guangdong, is the third-generation head of the Fung family's Li & Fung group and chairman of the Fung Group. Educated at King George V School, he left for the United States in 1962 and took a bachelor's degree in industrial management and a master's in electrical engineering at MIT, followed by a doctorate in business economics at Harvard in 1970, where he then taught; he returned to Hong Kong in 1974 to join the family trading firm. He transformed Li & Fung from a traditional trading house into a multinational sourcing group built on supply-chain management, with a network spanning the globe, and long ran it with his brother William Fung. In public life he chaired the Hong Kong Trade Development Council from 1991 to 2000, the Airport Authority from 1999 to 2008 and the University of Hong Kong council from 2001 to 2009, chaired the Greater Pearl River Delta Business Council, served as a member of the CPPCC, and was a vice-chairman of the International Chamber of Commerce in 2007–08. He received the Gold Bauhinia Star in 2003 and the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2010. 馮國經1945年生於香港，祖籍廣東鶴山，利豐集團第三代傳人、馮氏集團主席。他畢業於英皇佐治五世學校，1962年赴美升學，先後取得麻省理工學院工業管理學士同電機工程碩士學位，1970年再於哈佛大學取得商業經濟學博士並留校任教，1974年返港加入家族生意利豐。他把這家傳統貿易行轉型為以供應鏈管理為核心的跨國採購集團，業務網絡遍及全球，與弟弟馮國綸長期共同掌舵。公職方面，他1991年至2000年出任香港貿易發展局主席，1999年至2008年任香港機場管理局主席，2001年至2009年任香港大學校務委員會主席，並曾任大珠三角商務委員會主席同全國政協委員，亦於2007至2008年出任國際商會副主席。他分別於2003年及2010年獲頒金紫荊星章同大紫荊勳章，係香港商界在國際經貿舞台上最具代表性的聲音之一。 ## 盛智文 / Allan Zeman 1975–present. Allan Zeman, born in Regensburg, Bavaria in 1949, is a Jewish Hong Kong businessman known as the 'father of Lan Kwai Fong' and chairman of the Lan Kwai Fong Group. His father died when he was seven and he emigrated to Montreal with his mother; he joined a fashion company at nineteen and came to Hong Kong on business in the early 1970s, deciding to stay. In 1983 he opened a California restaurant in Lan Kwai Fong, sensing that the city lacked relaxed Western places to do business; the next year he bought the whole California Tower for HK$32 million and renovated it, gradually turning Lan Kwai Fong into Hong Kong's foremost nightlife district — he still owns about 70% of the area. Appointed a Justice of the Peace in 2001, he chaired the Ocean Park board from 2003 to 2014 and overhauled its corporate culture, with attendance surpassing Disneyland's from 2007, earning him the nickname 'Mouse Killer'. He gave up his Canadian nationality in 2008 to become a Chinese citizen and hold a Hong Kong SAR passport. He has served on bodies for tourism, urban renewal and the West Kowloon Cultural District, received the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2011, and stood in the 2021 Legislative Council Election Committee constituency. 盛智文1949年生於德國巴伐利亞雷根斯堡，猶太裔香港人，蘭桂坊集團主席，有「蘭桂坊之父」之稱。他七歲喪父，隨母親移民加拿大滿地可，十九歲加入時裝公司，1970年代由加拿大來港公幹後決定留港發展。1983年，他看準香港除酒店餐廳外缺乏可以輕鬆談生意的特色西餐廳，在中環蘭桂坊開設加州餐廳，翌年以三千二百萬元購入整幢加州大廈翻新，逐步把蘭桂坊發展成香港最重要的夜生活消閒區，至今仍持有該區約七成業權。2003年他獲委任為香港海洋公園董事局主席，大刀闊斧改革公司文化，令海洋公園入場人數自2007年起超越迪士尼樂園，因而被封為「米奇老鼠殺手」，至2014年卸任。2008年他放棄加拿大國籍，加入中國國籍並領取香港特區護照。他歷任旅遊事務署、市區重建局、西九文化區管理局等多項公職，2011年獲頒大紫荊勳章，2021年曾報名參選立法會選舉委員會界別。 ## 吳光正 / Peter Woo 1980s–present. Peter Woo Kwong-ching, born in Shanghai in 1946 to a family from Cixi, Zhejiang, is chairman of Wheelock and Company and the son-in-law of the shipping tycoon Y. K. Pao. He moved to Hong Kong with his parents at five and was educated at St Stephen's College before studying in the United States, taking a bachelor's degree in physics and mathematics at the University of Cincinnati in 1970 and an MBA at Columbia Business School in 1971; he then worked for Chase Manhattan in New York and Hong Kong. In 1973 he married Pao's second daughter, Bessie Pao, and in 1975 joined Pao's World-Wide Shipping group as a director. After Pao's takeover of Wharf Holdings in 1981, Woo chaired Wharf from 1986 to 1994, stepped back, and returned as chairman from 2002 until 2015; he also chaired Wheelock Marden from 1986 to 1996. In 1996 he resigned all listed-company posts to contest the first election for Chief Executive of the Hong Kong SAR, losing to Tung Chee-hwa. In public life he chaired the Hospital Authority and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University council and the Trade Development Council from 2000 to 2007, and served as a Standing Committee member of the CPPCC; he received the Gold Bauhinia Star in 1998 and the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2012. 吳光正1946年生於上海，祖籍浙江慈溪，係船王包玉剛的次女婿，隆豐環球集團主席。他五歲隨父母移居香港，就讀聖士提反書院，其後赴美升學，1970年在辛辛那提大學取得物理及數學學士學位，1971年再於哥倫比亞大學商學院取得工商管理碩士，畢業後曾在紐約及香港的美國大通銀行任職。1973年他與包玉剛次女包陪容結婚，1975年加入包玉剛旗下的環球船運集團出任董事；1981年包玉剛收購九龍倉集團後，他於1986年至1994年出任九龍倉主席，其後一度退任，2002年復任至2015年卸任，並曾於1986年至1996年執掌會德豐集團。1996年他辭去所有上市公司職務，參加首屆香港特別行政區行政長官選舉，最終敗於董建華。公職方面，他曾任香港醫院管理局主席、香港理工大學校董會主席同香港貿易發展局主席（2000–2007），並出任全國政協常委，分別於1998年及2012年獲頒金紫荊星章同大紫荊勳章。 ## 董浩雲 / C. Y. Tung 1940s–1982. C. Y. Tung (1912–1982), also known as Tung Chao-yung, was born in Zhabei, Shanghai, and became one of the world's great shipping magnates, known as a 'World Shipping King' and the 'Onassis of the East'. His father ran a hardware shop in Shanghai and died at 51, leaving the family far from wealthy; Tung became an apprentice at a Japanese shipping firm at sixteen, moved to the Tung Shing company under the Kin Cheng Bank, was posted to its Tianjin shipping arm in 1931, helped found Chinese Maritime Transport in 1936, moved to Hong Kong in 1949 and established Orient Overseas in 1969. At its height his fleet numbered more than 150 freighters with over 10 million deadweight tonnes, making him one of the world's seven great shipowners. He cared deeply about education: in 1970 he bought the liner Queen Elizabeth and began converting it into a floating university, the Seawise University, but it caught fire and sank in Victoria Harbour in January 1972; he acquired the smaller Atlantic to continue the programme, running seaborne academic courses with universities such as Pittsburgh. He died of a heart attack in Hong Kong on 15 April 1982, aged 69; his eldest son, Tung Chee-hwa, later became the first Chief Executive of the Hong Kong SAR. 董浩雲（1912–1982），又名董兆榮，生於上海閘北，航運業巨擘，人稱「世界船王」。他父親在上海經營五金店，五十一歲去世後家境並不寬裕，董浩雲十六歲便到日資國際運輸株式會社當練習生，半年後考入金城銀行旗下的通成公司，1931年調往天津航業公司，1936年參與創辦中國航運公司，1949年來港發展，1969年創立東方海外。全盛時期他擁有一支超過一百五十艘貨輪、總載重逾一千萬噸的船隊，係世界七大船王之一，被譽為東方「奧納西斯」。他非常重視教育，1970年購入「伊麗莎白女王號」郵輪，改裝為海上大學「海上學府號」，可惜該船1972年1月在維港改裝期間失火沉沒，他隨即購入較小的「大西洋號」延續計劃，並同匹茲堡大學等院校合辦海上學術課程。1982年4月15日，他因心臟病在香港逝世，終年六十九歲；其長子董建華後來成為首任香港特別行政區行政長官。 ## 何善衡 / Ho Sin-hang 1933–1983. Ho Sin Hang (1900–1997) was born in Macau to a family from Shixi village in Panyu, Guangdong, and was a co-founder of Hang Seng Bank and the first chairman of New World Development. He spent a hungry childhood in Macau, was sent back to Panyu for a traditional schooling at about ten, and at fourteen left to work as a labourer in a Guangzhou salt warehouse and then as an apprentice in a gold shop, teaching himself economics, law and marketing and being promoted to manager's assistant at twenty-two. At twenty-four he left to open the Wui Lung money shop in Guangzhou, and in March 1933 he and Lam Ping-yin and others opened the Hang Seng money shop at 70 Wing Lok Street, Central, Ho putting in the least — just HK$1,000. When Japan invaded Hong Kong in 1941 he moved the firm's funds to Macau and saved it; back in Hong Kong after the war he obtained a banking licence in 1952, and in 1960 Hang Seng became a public company. By 1964 it was the largest Chinese-owned bank in Hong Kong. In the 1965 bank runs he painfully sold a 51% controlling stake to HSBC, after which he remained chairman until 1983, when he became honorary chairman; the Hang Seng Index, compiled under his leadership, is still Hong Kong's key market barometer. In 1970 he founded New World Development with Kwok Tak-seng and Cheng Yu-tung and served as its first chairman. He died on 4 December 1997. 何善衡（1900–1997），生於澳門，籍貫廣東番禺石溪村，恒生銀行創辦人之一、新世界發展首任主席。他幼年在澳門半飢半飽中度過，約十歲時被送回番禺讀私塾，十四歲因家境變故到廣州鹽倉做雜工，其後轉到金鋪當學徒，憑自學苦讀在二十二歲升任司理。二十四歲他辭職與人合股在廣州開設匯隆銀號，1933年3月同林炳炎等在中環永樂街開設恒生銀號，他當時出資最少，只佔一千元。1941年日軍入侵香港，他把資金調往澳門避過浩劫，戰後返港，1952年成功申請銀行牌照，1960年恒生正名為恒生銀行，1964年成為香港最大的華資銀行。1965年銀行擠提風潮中，他忍痛把五成一控股權售予滙豐銀行，其後仍長期出任董事長至1983年改任名譽董事長；他領導編製的恒生指數，至今仍係香港股市最重要的升跌指標。他亦與郭得勝、鄭裕彤於1970年創辦新世界發展並出任首任主席，1997年12月4日逝世。 ## 董建華 / Tung Chee-hwa Chief Executive 1997–2005; CPPCC Vice-Chairman 2005–2023. Tung Chee-hwa (1937–2026), son of the shipping magnate C. Y. Tung, was born in Shanghai, came to Hong Kong at twelve, graduated in marine engineering from the University of Liverpool in 1960 and spent a decade working in the United States. He took over OOCL after his father's death in 1982; the company nearly collapsed in 1985 under more than HK$20 billion of debt before Henry Fok's injection and a bank-led restructuring, returning to profit in 1992. Appointed to the Executive Council in 1992, he defeated Yang Ti-liang, Peter Woo and Li Fook-shiu in the December 1996 selection and became the first Chief Executive of the Hong Kong SAR on 1 July 1997, taking a second term unopposed in 2002. His tenure covered the Asian financial crisis, SARS and the 2003 mass march; he resigned on health grounds in March 2005. He then served as a CPPCC Vice-Chairman until 2023 and founded the Our Hong Kong Foundation in 2014. He died in Hong Kong on 8 September 2026. 董建華（1937–2026），父親係「世界船王」董浩雲。他1937年生於上海，12歲來港，1960年在英國利物浦大學海事工程系畢業，其後留美工作十年。1982年父親逝世後接手東方海外，1985年航運業低潮期間公司負債逾200億元瀕臨破產，獲霍英東注資同銀行支持重組，1992年轉虧為盈。1992年他獲港督彭定康委任為行政局非官守議員；1996年12月在推選委員會選舉中擊敗楊鐵樑、吳光正同李福善，當選香港特別行政區首任行政長官，1997年7月1日就任，2002年在無對手下自動當選連任。任內香港經歷亞洲金融風暴、沙士疫情同2003年七一遊行，2005年3月他以健康理由辭職。同年起出任全國政協副主席至2023年，2014年成立團結香港基金。2026年9月8日在香港逝世。 ## 曾蔭權 / Donald Tsang Chief Executive 2005–2012. Donald Tsang Yam-kuen (b. 1944) was born in Japanese-occupied Hong Kong. He joined the government as an executive officer in 1967, became an administrative officer in 1971, served as District Officer in Sha Tin and Deputy Director-General of Trade before becoming the first Chinese Financial Secretary in 1995, continuing as Financial Secretary of the SAR. In 1998 he executed the government's market intervention during the Asian financial crisis. He succeeded Anson Chan as Chief Secretary in 2001; after Tung Chee-hwa's resignation in March 2005 he served as Acting Chief Executive and was returned unopposed in the by-election that June as the second Chief Executive. Re-elected in March 2007 against Alan Leong, he served until 30 June 2012, a tenure that spanned the global financial crisis, the passage of the 2010 constitutional reform package and the introduction of the statutory minimum wage in 2011. He was the first Chief Executive not to seek another term; after leaving office he faced corruption-related charges, was convicted of misconduct in public office in 2017 and had all convictions quashed by the Court of Final Appeal in June 2019. 曾蔭權（1944– ），廣東南海人，1944年生於日佔時期嘅香港。他1967年加入政府任二級行政主任，1971年轉任政務主任，1980年代曾任沙田政務專員及貿易署副署長，1995年成為首位華人財政司，回歸後過渡為首任財政司司長。1998年亞洲金融風暴期間，他執行政府動用外匯基金入市嘅行動。2001年他接替陳方安生出任政務司司長；2005年3月董建華辭職後署任行政長官，同年6月在補選中自動當選，出任第二任行政長官。2007年3月他擊敗梁家傑連任，任期至2012年6月30日。任內經歷2008年金融海嘯、2010年政改方案獲立法會通過同2011年實施法定最低工資。他係首位唔尋求連任嘅行政長官；卸任後捲入涉貪案，2017年被裁定公職人員行為失當罪名成立，2019年6月終審法院裁定上訴得直，撤銷全部定罪。 ## 梁振英 / Leung Chun-ying Chief Executive 2012–2017; CPPCC Vice-Chairman from 2017. Leung Chun-ying (b. 1954) was born in Hong Kong, grew up in a police family's married quarters on Hollywood Road, studied at King's College and then surveying at Bristol Polytechnic, becoming a chartered surveyor and a former president of the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors. He was secretary-general of the Basic Law Consultative Committee from 1985 and convenor of the Executive Council's non-official members from 1999 to 2011. Elected the fourth Chief Executive with 689 votes in March 2012, he took office on 1 July. His term brought measures against 'dual non-local' births, curbs on the parallel export of infant formula and the 'Hong Kong people's land' scheme, along with new commissions on poverty, financial services and the economy and an official poverty line in 2013. It also saw the national education controversy, the 2014 occupation movement, the 2016 Mong Kok disturbance and the defeat of the 2015 constitutional reform package. He announced in December 2016 that he would not seek a second term and has been a CPPCC Vice-Chairman since March 2017. 梁振英（1954– ），1954年生於香港，童年在西區荷李活道警察宿舍長大，畢業於英皇書院，其後赴英國布里斯托理工學院修讀測量，返港後成為特許測量師，曾任香港測量師學會會長。1985年他出任《基本法》諮詢委員會秘書長，參與基本法起草期間嘅諮詢工作；1999年至2011年任行政會議非官守議員召集人。2012年3月他在選舉委員會以689票當選第四任行政長官，7月1日就任。任內推行「零雙非」、限制攜帶嬰幼兒配方粉出境（俗稱「限奶令」）同「港人港地」等措施，成立扶貧委員會、金融發展局同經濟發展委員會，並在2013年訂立官方貧窮線；同期發生德育及國民教育科爭議、2014年佔領行動同2016年旺角騷亂，2015年政改方案被立法會否決。他2016年12月宣布唔競逐連任，2017年3月當選全國政協副主席至今。 ## 林鄭月娥 / Carrie Lam Chief Executive 2017–2022. Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor (b. 1957) was born on Lockhart Road in Wan Chai, studied at Sacred Heart Canossian College and joined the government as an administrative officer after graduating from the University of Hong Kong in 1980, serving in posts including Director of Social Welfare and Permanent Secretary for Housing, Planning and Lands. Appointed the first Secretary for Development in 2007, she handled the Queen's Pier controversy and unauthorised village-house structures; as Chief Secretary from 2012 she led the constitutional reform consultation. In March 2017 she was elected the fifth Chief Executive with 777 votes, the first woman to hold the office. Her tenure introduced the Starter Homes scheme and the public transport fare subsidy and set out the 'Lantau Tomorrow' vision, and saw the XRL Hong Kong section open with co-location at West Kowloon in 2018. The 2019 extradition bill proposal triggered months of protest; the bill was formally withdrawn in September, and the government later made the mask ban under the Emergency Regulations Ordinance. The Hong Kong National Security Law took effect in 2020 and the electoral system was amended by a National People's Congress decision in 2021. In April 2022 she announced she would not seek a second term for family reasons and left office on 30 June. 林鄭月娥（1957– ），1957年生於灣仔駱克道，中學就讀嘉諾撒聖方濟各書院，1980年在香港大學社會科學學士畢業後加入政府任政務主任，曾任社會福利署署長、房屋及規劃地政局常任秘書長等職。2007年她獲委任為首任發展局局長，處理皇后碼頭事件同新界村屋僭建問題；2012年出任政務司司長，領導政改諮詢專責小組。2017年3月她以777票當選第五任行政長官，成為香港史上首位女性特首。任內推行港人首次置業上車盤、公共交通費用補貼計劃同「明日大嶼」願景，2018年高鐵香港段通車並在西九龍站實施「一地兩檢」。2019年政府提出修訂《逃犯條例》引發持續多月嘅社會運動，草案於9月正式撤回，政府其後引用《緊急情況規例條例》訂立《禁止蒙面規例》；2020年《港區國安法》在港實施，2021年選舉制度經全國人大決定修改。2022年4月她以家庭理由宣布唔競逐連任，6月30日卸任。 ## 李家超 / John Lee Chief Executive since 2022. John Lee Ka-chiu (b. 1957) grew up in So Uk Estate in Sham Shui Po and studied at Wah Yan College, Kowloon before joining the Royal Hong Kong Police as an inspector in 1977. Promoted to chief superintendent in 1997, he served as Assistant Commissioner for the Kowloon West region from 2003, Senior Assistant Commissioner from 2007 and Deputy Commissioner (Management) from 2010. Leaving the force in 2012 after 35 years, he served as Under Secretary for Security and from 2017 as Secretary for Security, the first police officer to hold that post after the handover. In June 2021 he became Chief Secretary, the first from the disciplined services, and chaired the new Candidate Eligibility Review Committee. He resigned in April 2022 to stand for Chief Executive, was elected on 8 May with 1,416 votes and took office on 1 July as the sixth Chief Executive and chairman of the Committee for Safeguarding National Security. His term has seen the full resumption of quarantine-free travel with the mainland, the passage of the Safeguarding National Security Ordinance in March 2024 and the opening of Kai Tak Sports Park in 2025. 李家超（1957– ），1957年生於香港，童年在深水埗蘇屋邨長大，中學就讀九龍華仁書院，1977年加入皇家香港警察任見習督察。他1997年晉升總警司，2003年任警務處助理處長（西九龍總區指揮官），2007年任警務處高級助理處長，2010年獲委任為警務處副處長（管理）。2012年他離開服務35年嘅警隊出任保安局副局長，2017年升任保安局局長，係回歸後首位警察出身嘅保安局局長。2021年6月他接任政務司司長，成為首位紀律部隊出身嘅司長，同月出任候選人資格審查委員會首任主席。2022年4月他辭任並參選行政長官，5月8日以1,416票當選，7月1日就任第六任行政長官，同時出任港區國家安全委員會主席。任內香港與內地恢復全面通關，《維護國家安全條例》於2024年3月通過並生效，啟德體育園於2025年開幕。 ## 孫中山 / Sun Yat-sen Provisional President of the Republic of China 1912; Premier of the Kuomintang 1919–1925. Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925), born Sun Wen in Cuiheng village, Xiangshan county, Guangdong, went to Hawaii at twelve for a Western education; returning in 1883 he entered the Diocesan Home (forerunner of Diocesan Boys' School) in Hong Kong, transferred to the Central School (later Queen's College) in April 1884 and was baptised by the American Congregational missionary Charles Hager on 4 May 1884. When the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese opened in October 1887 he was in its first intake, graduating top of the class in July 1892 with Kong Ying-wat — the college's first graduates and Hong Kong's first locally trained Chinese doctors; as a student he debated politics with Chan Siu-bak, Yau Lit and Yeung Hok-ling, a group known as the 'Four Bandits'. In November 1894 he founded the Revive China Society (Xingzhonghui) in Honolulu; in 1895 its Hong Kong headquarters opened, fronted by the 'Kon Hang Hong' shop on Staunton Street, with Yeung Ku-wan as president and Sun as secretary. The Guangzhou uprising of 26 October 1895 failed, Luk Ho-tung and others were executed, and under Qing pressure Hong Kong barred both leaders from entering for five years. Kidnapped by the Qing legation in London in 1896 and freed through James Cantlie's intervention, he became internationally known. He directed the Huizhou uprising in 1900 and founded the Chinese United League in Tokyo in 1905 as its premier, launching a series of uprisings before the Wuchang revolt of 10 October 1911 succeeded. Sworn in as Provisional President of the Republic of China in Nanjing on 1 January 1912, he stepped down for Yuan Shikai that April; after the second revolution and the constitutional protection movement he reorganised the party as the Kuomintang in 1919. In February 1923 he told an audience at the University of Hong Kong that the city was the birthplace of his revolutionary thinking. He founded the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924 and died of cancer in Beijing on 12 March 1925, aged 58; he was interred in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing in 1929. 孫中山（1866–1925），名文，字德明，號逸仙，1866年11月12日生於廣東香山縣翠亨村。他十二歲隨母到檀香山接受西式教育，1883年返國後到香港入讀拔萃書室，1884年4月轉入中央書院（皇仁書院前身），同年5月4日由公理宗傳教士喜嘉理牧師施洗成為基督徒。1887年10月香港華人西醫書院成立，他係首屆學生，1892年7月以第一名畢業，與江英華同為香港培訓嘅第一批華人西醫；求學期間他常與陳少白、尢列、楊鶴齡議論時政，人稱「四大寇」。1894年11月他在檀香山創立興中會，1895年香港興中會總會成立，喺中環士丹頓街以商號「乾亨行」作掩飾，由楊衢雲任會長、他任秘書。同年10月26日乙未廣州起義失敗，陸皓東等被捕就義，他與楊衢雲被通緝，香港政府更喺清廷壓力下頒令二人五年內不准入境。1896年他在倫敦被清廷使館綁架，經康德黎營救獲釋，事件令他聲名大噪。1900年他策動惠州起義，1905年在東京創立中國同盟會並任總理，先後發動多次起義。1911年10月10日武昌起義成功，他於1912年1月1日在南京就任中華民國臨時大總統，同年4月讓位與袁世凱；此後他經歷二次革命同護法運動，1919年改組中華革命黨為中國國民黨。1923年2月他應邀在香港大學演講，坦言香港係他革命思想嘅發源地。1924年他創辦黃埔軍校，1925年3月12日在北京協和醫院病逝，享年五十八歲，1929年安葬於南京中山陵。 ## 楊衢雲 / Yeung Ku-wan President (chong-pan) of the Revive China Society, January 1895 – January 1900. Yeung Ku-wan (1861–1901), style names Siu-chun and Ku-wan, was born in Dongguan, Guangdong, to a family from Haicheng, Fujian. He came to Hong Kong as a child and studied at St Paul's College; at fourteen he entered a shipyard to learn engineering, lost three fingers of his right hand in an accident and turned to English studies, teaching at St Joseph's College before becoming secretary of the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company and deputy manager of Sassoon & Co. Around 1890 (some accounts say 1892) he and Tse Tsun-tai and a dozen others founded the Furen Literary Society in Pak Tsz Lane, Sheung Wan, with Yeung as its head and the mottoes 'enlighten the people' and 'serve the country with all one's heart' — regarded as one of the earliest anti-Qing revolutionary bodies in modern China; he also joined the Triads. After Sun Yat-sen came to Hong Kong in 1893 and was introduced by Yau Lit, the Honolulu Revive China Society merged with the Furen Literary Society, and Yeung was elected its president (then called chong-pan), with Sun as secretary and the 'Kon Hang Hong' shop in Central as a front. In October 1895 he commanded the Guangzhou uprising from Hong Kong; the plot leaked, more than seventy men including Luk Ho-tung were arrested, and both Yeung and Sun were proscribed, with the Hong Kong government ordering them out of the territory and banning their return for five years. He fled via Singapore to Johannesburg and then to Japan, building the society abroad. In January 1900 he resigned the presidency to Sun; that year he came from Japan to Hong Kong to launch the Huizhou uprising and, after its failure, returned at the end of the year and opened a tutorial school at 52 Gage Street in Central, teaching English to support his family. On 10 January 1901 the Qing assassin Chan Lam shot him in his flat above 52 Gage Street; he died the next day, aged 39. Tse Tsun-tai arranged his burial in the Hong Kong Cemetery at Happy Valley and designed a nameless broken-column marker bearing only the number 6348 to protect it from the Qing authorities. In September 2011 the HKSAR government installed an information plaque at the grave recognising his contribution to the revolution; today 52 Gage Street and Pak Tsz Lane are stops 7 and 8 of the Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail. 楊衢雲（1861–1901），名飛鴻，字肇春，號衢雲，祖籍福建海澄，生於廣東東莞。他年幼隨父來港，入讀聖保羅書院；十四歲到船廠學機械，因工業意外失去右手三指，於是改習英文，畢業後任教聖若瑟書院，其後轉任招商局總書記同沙宣洋行副經理。1890年（一說1892年）他與謝纘泰等十餘人在上環百子里組織輔仁文社，由他任社長，以「開通民智」、「盡心愛國」為宗旨，被視為近代中國最早嘅反清革命團體之一；他同時加入洪門。1893年孫中山來港，經輔仁文社成員尢列撮合，檀香山興中會同輔仁文社合併為興中會，楊衢雲當選總會長（當時叫總辦，即 President），孫中山任秘書，並喺中環開設商號「乾亨行」作掩飾。1895年10月興中會在廣州起義，他喺香港任總指揮，可惜事機不密，陸皓東等七十多人被捕，他同孫中山雙雙被通緝，香港政府喺清廷壓力下迫令二人離境，五年內不准入境。他經新加坡流亡南非約翰尼斯堡，再轉往日本，繼續在各地發展興中會。1900年1月他辭去總會長一職，由孫中山接任；同年他從日本到香港發動惠州起義，失敗後年底返港，喺中環結志街52號設私塾教授英文養妻兒。1901年1月10日，清廷刺客陳林闖入結志街52號二樓寓所將他槍傷，他翌日逝世，終年三十九歲。謝纘泰為他安排下葬跑馬地香港墳場，並設計無字斷柱式墓碑，只刻上編號6348，以免清廷干擾。2011年9月香港特區政府在該墓碑豎立生平說明牌，肯定他對革命的貢獻；今日結志街52號同百子里分別係孫中山史蹟徑第7、8站。 ## 謝纘泰 / Tse Tsan-tai Joined the Revive China Society in 1895 as its third-ranking figure after Yeung Ku-wan and Sun Yat-sen. Tse Tsan-tai (1872–1938) was born in Sydney to a family from Kaiping, Guangdong. His father Tse Yat-cheong had been a general of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and an elder of a Triad lodge, and after the Taipings fell he fled to Australia, where his son's anti-Qing convictions took shape. Tse moved to Hong Kong with his father in 1887 and studied at the Central School (later Queen's College), then worked for nearly ten years as a clerk in the government's Public Works Department and later as a comprador and manager for foreign firms. In 1892 he and Yeung Ku-wan founded the Furen Literary Society in Pak Tsz Lane, Sheung Wan, regarded as the first anti-Qing revolutionary organisation in modern China. Joining the Revive China Society in 1895 as its third-ranking figure after Yeung and Sun Yat-sen, he handled its external affairs and helped plan the 1895 Guangzhou uprising, staying in Hong Kong afterwards to deal with the aftermath. In 1898 he drew The Situation in the Far East, exposing the scramble for concessions; it is considered China's first modern political cartoon. An aviation pioneer as well, he produced in 1899 the design for a 'China' airship, the earliest such plan in Chinese history. In 1902 he joined Lee Kai-tong and Hung Chuen-fuk in organising secret-society networks for the Datong Shuntian Kingdom plot to seize Guangzhou, which failed after a leak. With Alfred Cunningham he founded the South China Morning Post in 1903 and served as its editor. After the Republic was founded he was appointed an honorary adviser to the bureau for rewarding revolutionary merit, but soon left public life for farming and mining; in 1924 the South China Morning Post published his English memoir The Secret History of the Chinese Revolution, which was sharply critical of Sun Yat-sen and helped erase him from official Kuomintang history. He died at his home on Hennessy Road in Wan Chai on 4 April 1938, aged 65. 謝纘泰（1872–1938），原名謝贊泰，字聖安，號康如，1872年生於澳洲悉尼，籍貫廣東開平。他父親謝日昌係太平天國部將、洪門洪順堂香主，太平天國滅亡後逃到澳洲，所以謝纘泰自細就孕育咗反清思想。1887年他隨父移居香港，就讀中央書院（皇仁書院前身），畢業後喺香港政府工務局任文員近十年，亦曾任洋行買辦同經理。1892年他同楊衢雲等人在上環百子里創辦輔仁文社，被認為係近代中國第一個反清革命組織；1895年他加入興中會，係僅次於楊衢雲、孫中山嘅第三號人物，負責對外交涉工作，並參與策劃乙未廣州起義，起義失敗後留港處理善後。1898年他創作《時局圖》，以漫畫揭露列強瓜分中國嘅危機，被視為中國第一張現代意義嘅漫畫。他亦係航空先驅，1899年設計出「中國號」飛艇圖樣，係中國歷史上最早嘅飛艇設計。1902年他聯同李紀堂、洪全福聯絡會黨，創立「大明順天國」計劃攻佔廣州，因泄密而失敗。1903年他與克寧漢創辦《南華早報》並任編輯。中華民國成立後，他獲聘為臨時稽勳局名譽審議，但好快退出官場，轉營農、礦業；1924年他喺《南華早報》發表英文《中華民國革命秘史》，對孫中山多所批評，令他喺國民黨官方史書中幾乎消失。1938年4月4日，他喺灣仔軒尼詩道寓所病逝，終年六十五歲。 ## 何啟 / Sir Kai Ho Kai Unofficial Member of the Legislative Council, 1890–1914 (Senior Unofficial Member, 1906–1914). Sir Kai Ho Kai (1859–1914) was born in Hong Kong on 21 March 1859, son of the Rev. Ho Fuk-tong; his brother-in-law Wu Ting-fang became the first Chinese unofficial member of the Legislative Council. Educated at the Central School, he was sent to Britain in 1871, entered the University of Aberdeen in 1875 and graduated in 1879 as the first Chinese professional physician, then read law at Lincoln's Inn and was called to the bar in 1881; in 1882 he returned to Hong Kong with his English wife Alice Walkden. In 1887, with the London Missionary Society and Dr Patrick Manson, the 'father of tropical medicine', he founded the Alice Memorial Hospital, whose attached College of Medicine for Chinese became the forerunner of the University of Hong Kong's medical faculty. Appointed an unofficial member of the Legislative Council in 1890, he sat for twenty-four years and was Senior Unofficial Member from 1906 to 1914. He moved the motion to preserve the Sung Wong Toi relic, leading to the 1899 ordinance banning quarrying there, and during the Boxer crisis of 1900 he promoted the 'independence of the two Kwangs', drafting the Pingzhi programme and lobbying Governor Blake, Li Hung-chang and Sun Yat-sen. In 1909 he chaired the donating board of the University of Hong Kong's preparatory committee, proposing to merge the medical, engineering and arts colleges into one university, which opened in March 1912. In 1914 he and his in-law Au Tak formed the Kai Tak Land Investment Company to build the Kai Tak Bund garden city on reclaimed land in Kowloon Bay; he died on 21 July 1914, aged 55. 何啟（Sir Kai Ho Kai，1859–1914）1859年3月21日在香港出生，父親係何福堂牧師，姐夫伍廷芳係首位華人立法局非官守議員。他早年就讀中央書院，1871年赴英國留學，1875年入蘇格蘭阿伯丁大學讀醫，1879年畢業，成為首位華人專業內科醫生，其後轉入林肯律師學院，1881年取得大律師資格，1882年與英籍妻子雅麗氏（Alice Walkden）返港。1887年，他與倫敦傳道會及有「熱帶醫學之父」之稱的白文信醫生創辦雅麗氏利濟醫院，醫院附設嘅香港華人西醫書院即香港大學醫學院前身。1890年他獲委任立法局（定例局）非官守議員，其後連任二十四年，1906至1914年任首席非官守議員。任內他動議保存宋王臺古蹟，促成1899年《保存宋王臺條例》；1900年義和團事變期間，他鼓吹「兩廣獨立」，起草《平治章程》，並遊說港督卜力、李鴻章與孫中山合作。1909年他出任香港大學籌備委員會捐助董事會主席，主張將西醫書院、工程學院與文學院合組一所大學，1912年3月香港大學正式揭幕。1914年他與姻親區德成立啟德營業有限公司，在九龍灣填海建造啟德濱花園城市；同年7月21日逝世，終年五十五歲。 ## 羅文錦 / Sir Man Kam Lo Unofficial Member of the Legislative Council, 1935–1941 (Senior Chinese Unofficial Member, 1939–1941); Executive Council member from 1946. Sir Man Kam Lo (1893–1959) was born in Panyu, Guangdong on 21 July 1893, eldest son of the early Hong Kong merchant Lo Cheung-siu; his family ranked alongside the Ho Tung, Lee Hysan and Ko families among the colony's leading Chinese clans. Sent to Britain at thirteen to study law, he graduated in 1915 and qualified there, returning to Hong Kong as the first locally admitted solicitor of Chinese descent and founding Lo & Lo with his brother Lo Man-wai in 1916. Made a Justice of the Peace in 1921, he chaired the Tung Wah Hospital in 1929–1930, entered the Legislative Council as an unofficial member in 1935 and was Senior Chinese Unofficial Member from 1939 to 1941, also serving on the Urban Council. After Japan seized Hong Kong in December 1941 he was held in solitary confinement and pressed to join a Japanese-run Legislative Council; appointed to the Executive Council in 1946, he was awarded the CBE. A business and sporting figure as well, he sat on the boards of China Light & Power, Hong Kong Hotels and the Hongkong, Canton & Macao Steamboat Company, and in 1954 co-founded the Asian Football Confederation with eleven Asian associations, becoming its first president; he also presided over the Hong Kong Football Association. He died of a heart attack on 7 March 1959, aged 65. His wife Victoria was the eldest daughter of Sir Robert Ho Tung, and his youngest son Lo Tak-shing later became a prominent pro-Beijing politician. 羅文錦（Sir Man Kam Lo，1893–1959）1893年7月21日在廣東番禺出生，父親係香港開埠初期富商羅長肇，家族與何東、利希慎、高可寧並列為香港四大家族之一。他13歲赴英留學主修法律，1915年畢業並取得律師資格，返港後成為首位獲准執業嘅本地華裔律師，1916年與弟弟羅文惠創辦羅文錦律師樓。1921年獲委任太平紳士，1929至1930年任東華醫院主席，1935年出任立法局非官守議員，1939至1941年任立法局首席華人非官守議員，亦曾任市政局議員。1941年12月日軍攻佔香港後，他曾被日軍單獨囚禁，並被施壓要求參與日方主持嘅立法局。1946年他獲委任行政局成員，其後獲英廷頒授CBE。他同時係商界與體育界推手，曾任中華電力、香港大酒店及省港澳輪船公司董事，1954年與亞洲十一地足總共同創辦亞洲足協並出任首屆會長，亦曾擔任香港足球總會會長。1959年3月7日因心臟病逝世，終年六十五歲；妻子何錦姿係何東長女，幼子羅德丞其後成為活躍政壇嘅親中人物。 ## 鍾士元 / Sir Sze-yuen Chung Senior Unofficial Member of the Legislative Council, 1974–1978; of the Executive Council, 1980–1988; Convenor of the Executive Council, 1997–1999. Sir Sze-yuen Chung (1917–2018), nicknamed 'Big Sir', was born in Hong Kong on 3 November 1917. He graduated with first-class honours in mechanical engineering from the University of Hong Kong in 1941 and joined the Taikoo Dockyard as one of only two Chinese engineers there; in 1948 he won a scholarship to Sheffield University, took his engineering doctorate in 1951, returned home and set up his own consulting practice in 1952, co-founding the Sung Kai Industrial Company in 1956. Entering public service in the 1960s, he was appointed an unofficial member of the Legislative Council in 1965 and of the Executive Council in 1972, became Senior Unofficial Member of the Legislative Council in 1974 and of the Executive Council in 1980 — then the highest office a Chinese could hold in the colony — and retired in 1988 at seventy-one. He chaired the Productivity Council and the Federation of Hong Kong Industries, oversaw the founding of the Hong Kong Polytechnic, City Polytechnic and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and was the first chairman of the Hospital Authority. In June 1984 he visited Beijing and was received by Deng Xiaoping, and he later served as a Hong Kong Affairs Adviser and a member of the Preliminary Working Committee and the Preparatory Committee. On 1 July 1997 he received the Grand Bauhinia Medal and became the first Convenor of the Executive Council of the HKSAR, retiring in 1999 when Leung Chun-ying succeeded him. He died on 14 November 2018, aged 101. 鍾士元（Sir Sze-yuen Chung，1917–2018）1917年11月3日在香港出生，外號「大Sir」。他1941年以一級榮譽畢業於香港大學機械工程系，畢業後入黃埔船塢，係當時船塢僅有嘅兩位華人工程師之一；1948年赴英國謝菲爾德大學深造，1951年取得工程博士學位後返港，1952年開設鍾士元顧問工程師事務所，1956年與友人合辦崇佳實業公司。1960年起投身公職，1965年獲委任立法局非官守議員，1972年獲委任行政局議員，1974年出任立法局首席非官守議員，1980年出任行政局首席非官守議員，成為當時華人可出任嘅最高政職，1988年以七十一歲之齡退休。他曾任生產力促進局主席、工業總會主席，並負責籌辦香港理工學院、城市理工學院及香港科技大學三間院校，亦是醫院管理局首任主席。1984年6月他訪問北京並獲鄧小平接見；其後獲聘為港事顧問、預委會及籌委會委員。1997年7月1日獲頒大紫荊勳章，並出任香港特區首任行政會議召集人，1999年退休，由梁振英接任。2018年11月14日在香港聖德肋撒醫院逝世，享年一百零一歲。 ## 楊鐵樑 / Sir Ti-liang Yang Chief Justice of Hong Kong, 1988–1996; Executive Council non-official member, 1997–2002. Sir Ti-liang Yang (1929–2023) was born in Shanghai on 30 June 1929 and studied law at Soochow University and then University College London, being called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1954. He returned to Hong Kong in 1955 and joined the judiciary in June 1956 as a magistrate, beginning a forty-year career that took him through senior magistrate (1963), acting district judge, district judge (1968), High Court judge (1975), Court of Appeal judge (1981) and Vice-President of the Court of Appeal (1987). In February 1975 he tried Chief Superintendent Peter Godber, the expatriate police chief accused of corruption, and after a six-day trial jailed him for four years in a case that gripped the city. He also chaired the inquiry into the June 1972 rainstorm disasters, the 1976 Leung Wing-sang inquiry and the 1980 MacLennan inquiry, and led the Law Reform Commission's sub-committee on homosexual legislation. In March 1988 he became the first Chinese Chief Justice of Hong Kong, driving reforms to ready the judiciary for the handover — including, in 1995, the first use of Chinese in court proceedings — and stepped down in October 1996. That year he resigned to contest the first Chief Executive election, losing to Tung Chee-hwa; he served on the Executive Council from 1997 to 2002, chaired the Exchange Fund Investment Office (1998–2002) and the ICAC Complaints Committee (1999–2004), was chairman of the University of Hong Kong's council from 1985 to 2001 and its Pro-Chancellor from 1994 to 2001, led the Hong Kong Red Cross from 1998 and hosted the RTHK English-teaching programme 'Yang Ti-liang's Message Box' from 2003. He died in Hong Kong on 24 June 2023, aged 93. 楊鐵樑（Sir Ti-liang Yang，1929–2023）1929年6月30日生於上海，祖籍廣東中山，先後在蘇州東吳大學及英國倫敦大學學院修讀法律，1954年在格雷律師學院取得大律師資格。1955年他回港執業，1956年6月加入香港司法部任裁判司，展開長達四十年嘅司法生涯，歷任高級裁判司（1963）、署理地方法院法官、地方法院法官（1968）、高等法院按察司（1975）、上訴法院按察司（1981）及上訴法院副庭長（1987）。1975年2月他在維多利亞地方法院主審外籍總警司葛柏貪污案，經六日審訊判處葛柏入獄四年，轟動一時；他亦曾主持1972年「六一八」雨災調查委員會、1976年梁榮生案調查委員會及1980年麥樂倫事件聆訊，並任法律改革委員會同性戀法例研究小組主席。1988年3月他成為首位華人出任香港首席按察司（後改名首席大法官），任內推動司法機構改革以配合主權移交，包括1995年首度為法庭引入中文聆訊，1996年10月卸任。同年他辭職參選第一屆行政長官選舉，敗於董建華；1997年獲董建華委任為行政會議非官守成員，至2002年卸任，其間曾任外匯基金投資有限公司主席（1998–2002）及廉政公署事宜投訴委員會主席（1999–2004）。他自1985年至2001年任香港大學校董會主席、1994至2001年任港大副校監，1998年起任香港紅十字會主席、2012年起任會長，2003年起在香港電台主持英語教學節目《楊鐵樑留言信箱》。2023年6月24日在香港逝世，終年九十三歲。 ## 李國能 / Andrew Li Kwok-nang First Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal, 1 July 1997 – 31 August 2010; Executive Council member, 1992–1996. Andrew Li Kwok-nang (born 12 December 1948) was born in Hong Kong into the prominent Li Pei-tsai family, the son of Li Fook-kau. Educated at St Paul's Co-educational College and its primary school, he went on to Repton School in Derbyshire and read at Cambridge, taking master's degrees in arts and law. Called to the English bar in 1970, he practised in Hong Kong from 1973, served as a deputy district judge in 1982 and vice-chairman of the Board of Review in 1986, took silk in 1988, chaired the University and Polytechnic Grants Committee from 1989, acted as a High Court judge in 1991 and sat on the Executive Council from 1992 to 1996. On 1 July 1997 Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa appointed him the first Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal, a post in which he handled some of the first constitutional cases under the Basic Law — notably the 1999 Ng Ka-ling judgment on the right of abode, which triggered the first interpretation of the Basic Law by the NPC Standing Committee and became a landmark of the judicial-constitutional relationship under 'one country, two systems'. Awarded the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2008, he announced early retirement in September 2009 and stepped down on 31 August 2010 after thirteen years, succeeded by Geoffrey Ma. He has continued to speak on judicial independence and interpretation, becoming a visiting professor at Peking University Law School in 2011 and, in 2017, warning that interpreting the Basic Law before a court ruling damages public perceptions of judicial independence, while accepting that the NPCSC's power of interpretation is part of the system and should be used only in exceptional circumstances. 李國能（Andrew Li Kwok-nang，1948–　）1948年12月12日在香港出生，祖籍廣東鶴山，係香港名門李佩材家族後人，與李福逑為父子。他先後就讀聖保羅男女中學附屬小學及聖保羅男女中學，中三後赴英國打比郡普頓學校，1967年入讀劍橋大學，取得文學碩士及法學碩士。1970年他在英國取得大律師資格，1973年起在香港執業，1982年任地方法院暫委法官，1986年任稅務上訴委員會副主席，1988年獲委任御用大律師，1989年出任大學及理工學院資助委員會主席，1991年任暫委高等法院大法官，1992至1996年任行政局議員。1997年7月1日他獲首任行政長官董建華委任為香港終審法院首任首席法官，任內處理多宗涉及《基本法》嘅憲制案件，其中1999年吳嘉玲案嘅判決引發首次人大釋法，成為「一國兩制」下司法與憲制關係嘅標誌性案例。2008年他獲頒大紫荊勳章；2009年9月宣布提早退休，2010年8月31日卸任，任期十三年，由馬道立接任，並開展退休前休假。退休後他仍就司法獨立與釋法問題發聲，2011年應邀出任北京大學法學院客座教授；2017年他首度評論人大就宣誓風波釋法，認為在法院判決前釋法會對公眾就司法獨立嘅觀感帶來負面影響，並主張人大應在非常例外情況下方行使解釋權。 ## 鄧蓮如 / Lydia Dunn, Baroness Dunn Senior Unofficial Member of the Executive Council, 1988–1995 (and of the Legislative Council); Chairman of the Trade Development Council, 1983–1991. Lydia Dunn, Baroness Dunn (born 29 February 1940), was born in Hong Kong and was active in its public life from the late 1970s to the early 1990s, being appointed to both the Legislative Council and the Executive Council and serving as Senior Unofficial Member of the Executive Council from 1988 to 1995 — the first Chinese woman to lead the government's top advisory body, and a figure of real weight in the colonial administration. She took a close interest in Hong Kong's future and the development of representative government, meeting Deng Xiaoping in Beijing, travelling repeatedly to London for talks on Hong Kong's future and campaigning hard for the right of abode in Britain for Hong Kong people. Created a DBE in 1989, she became the first Chinese woman to hold a British knighthood, and in 1990 was made a life peer — the first Chinese to receive a British life peerage — taking her seat in the House of Lords. She retired in 1995, two years before the handover, moved to Britain in early 1996 and thereafter sat mainly in the Lords; in June 2010 she and four other peers gave up their seats to avoid higher tax liabilities, drawing heavy press criticism. Outside politics she joined the Swire group in 1964 and became an executive director of John Swire & Sons, and was vice-chairman of HSBC Holdings from 1992 to 2008; from 1983 to 1991 she chaired the Hong Kong Trade Development Council, promoting the territory's trade overseas. 鄧蓮如（Lydia Dunn, Baroness Dunn，1940–　）1940年2月29日在香港出生，自1970年代末至1990年代初活躍於香港政壇，先後獲委任為立法局及行政局議員，1988至1995年出任行政局首席非官守議員，係港府最高諮詢機構嘅首位華人女性主持者，在殖民地政府內舉足輕重。任內她十分關注香港前途與代議政制發展，曾訪問北京並獲鄧小平接見，又多次前往英國討論香港前途問題，並大力爭取英國賦予香港人居英權。1989年她獲授DBE勳銜，成為首位取得英國爵級勳銜嘅華人女性；1990年再獲冊封為終身女男爵，成為首位取得英國終身貴族身份嘅華人，晉身英國上議院。1995年、即主權移交前兩年，她宣布退休，1996年初遷居英國，其後主要出席上議院會議；2010年6月她為免繳納更多稅項，與另外四名貴族放棄上議院議席，引來傳媒猛烈批評。政壇以外，她1964年加入太古集團，其後出任英國太古集團執行董事，並在1992至2008年間出任滙豐控股副主席；1983至1991年任貿易發展局主席，向外推廣香港貿易。 ## 周埈年 / Sir Tsun-nin Chau Legislative Council unofficial member, 1931–1939 (Senior Chinese Unofficial Member from 1937); Senior Unofficial Member of LegCo, 1946–1953, and of ExCo, 1946–1959. Sir Tsun-nin Chau (1893–1971) was born in Hong Kong on 22 October 1893, his family originating in Dongguan, Guangdong; his father Chau Siu-ki was an unofficial member of the Legislative Council and his cousin Sir Sik-nin Chau also became a member of both councils. Educated at St Stephen's College, he went to Queen's College, Oxford in 1910 to read law, graduated in 1914 and was called to the bar at the Middle Temple. After a few months in practice he turned to the family's finance and insurance business, later chairing the Canton Trust Bank and sitting on the boards of the Yaumati Ferry, Hongkong Electric and Hong Kong Telephone. Appointed an unofficial Justice of the Peace in 1922 and a member of the Sanitary Board in 1929, he was named an unofficial member of the Legislative Council by Governor Peel in December 1931 — the first man in Hong Kong's history to follow his father into that chamber — and became Senior Chinese Unofficial Member in January 1937, retiring in December 1939 when Sir Man Kam Lo succeeded him. After the Japanese occupation he was appointed deputy Secretary for Chinese Affairs by the temporary military government in 1945, returned to the Legislative Council when civil government resumed in May 1946, joined the Executive Council as Senior Chinese Unofficial Member, became Senior Unofficial Member of the Legislative Council in 1950, retired from that chamber in 1953 and stepped down from the Executive Council in 1959, when the Queen granted him the right to keep the title 'The Honourable' for life. He was also a permanent adviser to Tung Wah and a permanent director of Po Leung Kuk, wrote the inscription on the Sun Yat-sen memorial in Tuen Mun's Sun Yat-sen Park, and received an honorary doctorate in law from the University of Hong Kong in 1961. He died at the Sanatorium Hospital in Happy Valley on 27 January 1971, aged 77. 周埈年（Sir Tsun-nin Chau，1893–1971）1893年10月22日在香港出生，祖籍廣東東莞，父親周少岐係立法局非官守議員，堂弟周錫年其後亦成為兩局議員。他早年在聖士提反書院就讀，1910年赴英國牛津大學王后學院讀法律，1914年畢業並在中殿律師學院取得大律師資格。返港後他執業數月便轉營家族金融及保險業務，曾任廣東信託銀行董事長，以及油蔴地小輪、香港電燈、香港電話等公司董事。1922年獲委任非官守太平紳士，1929年出任潔淨局（市政局前身）局紳，1931年12月獲港督貝璐委任為立法局非官守議員，係香港史上首位繼父親進入立法局嘅議員；1937年1月他成為立法局首席華人非官守議員，1939年12月退任，由羅文錦接替。香港重光後，他1945年獲臨時軍政府委任為副華民政務司，1946年5月民政恢復後重返立法局，並同時加入行政局任首席華人非官守議員；1950年出任立法局首席非官守議員，1953年榮休，1959年退任行政局首席非官守議員，英女皇御准他終身保留「議員」稱號。他亦曾任東華三院永遠顧問、保良局永遠總理及中華總商會名譽顧問，並為屯門中山公園孫逸仙博士紀念碑撰寫三百七十餘字碑文，1961年獲香港大學頒授榮譽法學博士。1971年1月27日在跑馬地養和醫院逝世，終年七十七歲。 ## 韋玉 / Sir Boshan Wei-Yuk Unofficial Member of the Legislative Council, 1896–1917 (Senior Unofficial Member, 1914–1917). Sir Boshan Wei-Yuk (1849–1921) was born in Hong Kong in 1849, his family from Heungshan in Guangdong; his father Wei Kwong was the Chinese comprador of the Mercantile Bank. Tutored in Chinese at home for ten years and then educated at the Central School, he went to Britain in 1867 to study at Stoneygate School in Leicester and Dollar Academy in Scotland, one of the first Chinese students educated in Western Europe. Returning in 1872 he joined the Mercantile Bank, rising in 1882 to the comprador post his father had held, and left only in 1910 — sixty-three years of service by father and son. Made an unofficial Justice of the Peace in 1882, he was elected a director of Tung Wah Hospital in 1880 and served as its chairman in 1887, helped found Po Leung Kuk and became a permanent director in 1893, and in 1907 worked with Ho Kai to secure the building of Kwong Wah Hospital as its founding director. During the 1894 plague outbreak he mediated with the Chinese community on the government's behalf and persuaded families to accept isolation and disinfection, for which he received the anti-plague medal. Appointed an unofficial member of the Legislative Council in 1896 — the fourth Chinese to sit there since the colony's founding — he succeeded Ho Kai as Senior Unofficial Member in March 1914 and retired in October 1917; in office he helped reconcile the British authorities and New Territories villagers so that the territory was absorbed smoothly in 1898. A leading figure in the District Watch Committee from 1880, he helped establish its committee in 1891 and was made its adviser in 1920; after leaving the bank he traded on his own account and joined Ho Kai, Au Tak, Tso Seen-wan and Chau Siu-ki in the Kai Tak Land Investment Company to build the Kai Tak Bund garden city on reclaimed land in Kowloon Bay. He died on 16 December 1921, aged 72. 韋玉（韋寶珊，Sir Boshan Wei-Yuk，1849–1921）1849年在香港出生，祖籍廣東香山，父親韋光係有利銀行華人買辦。他幼年在家讀漢學十年，其後入讀中央書院（皇仁書院前身），1867年赴英國留學，先後就讀萊斯特斯東尼蓋爾學校及蘇格蘭大來學院，係近代首批留學西歐嘅華人學生之一。1872年返港後加入有利銀行，1882年升任其父生前擔任嘅華人買辦，至1910年離開，父子兩代服務該行合共六十三年。他1882年獲委任非官守太平紳士，1880年當選東華醫院總理、1887年任主席，又參與創立保良局並於1893年獲選永遠總理，1907年協助何啟爭取興建廣華醫院並任倡建總理。1894年鼠疫爆發時，他代政府向華人社會調解，勸服居民接受隔離與家居消毒，事後獲頒抗疫紀念金章。1896年他獲委任定例局（立法局）非官守議員，係開埠以來第四位華人議員；1914年3月接何啟出任首席非官守議員，至1917年10月退任，任內曾協調英方與新界鄉民，令新界於1898年順利納入香港版圖。他亦是團防局重要人物，1880年起任局紳、1891年促成團防局委員會成立，1920年獲委為團防局顧問；離開銀行後他經營進出口生意，並與何啟、區德、曹善允及周少岐合組啟德營業有限公司，在九龍灣填海建造啟德濱花園城市。1921年12月16日逝世，終年七十二歲。 ## 張奧偉 / Sir Oswald Victor Cheung Legislative Council member, 1970–1981 (Senior Unofficial Member, 1978–1981); Executive Council member, 1974–1986. Sir Oswald Victor Cheung (1922–2003) was born in Hong Kong on 22 January 1922, son of the prominent gentleman Cheung U-pui and of Elizabeth Ellis, daughter of Sir Ellis Kadoorie. Educated at Diocesan Boys' School and then at the University of Hong Kong reading mathematics and chemistry from 1938 to 1941, he moved during the Second World War to Macau and Kwangchowan, helped the British military monitor Japanese activity in South China and in 1942 became a British liaison officer in India. Soon after Hong Kong's liberation in 1946 he acted briefly as headmaster of Diocesan Boys' School; he won a scholarship to Oxford in 1947–1949 and was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, beginning practice in Hong Kong in 1951 and taking silk in 1965 as the colony's first Chinese Queen's Counsel. Honorary secretary of the Hong Kong Bar Association in 1952 and its chairman in 1966, he became the mentor of many of the city's leading lawyers and was known as the 'godfather of the Hong Kong legal profession'. Appointed to the Legislative Council in 1970 and to the Executive Council in 1974, he was Senior Unofficial Member of the Legislative Council from 1978 to 1981, succeeding Sir Sze-yuen Chung and followed by Sir Roger Lobo, and remained in the councils until 1986. He was also the first Chinese chairman of the Hong Kong Jockey Club and a bencher of Lincoln's Inn, and was knighted in 1987. In September 2003 a match set light to his silk pyjamas while he smoked a cigar at his Happy Valley home; after skin grafts he died of fungal complications at Queen Mary Hospital on 10 December 2003, aged 81. Caritas Oswald Cheung International House in Tin Wan and the Sir Oswald Cheung Memorial Fund are named after him. 張奧偉（Sir Oswald Victor Cheung，1922–2003）1922年1月22日在香港出生，父親張裕沛係港上名紳，母親Elizabeth Ellis係伊利士·嘉道理爵士之女。他在拔萃男書院完成中小學，1938至1941年在香港大學修讀數學及化學；二次大戰期間先後遷往澳門及廣州灣，曾協助英軍監視日軍在華南嘅活動，1942年成為英國駐印度聯絡官。1946年香港重光後，他曾短暫代理拔萃男書院校長；1947至1949年獲獎學金入讀英國牛津大學，並在林肯律師學院取得大律師資格，1951年在香港正式執業，1965年成為御用大律師，係香港首位華人御用大律師。他1952年出任香港大律師公會義務秘書，1966年任主席，日後成為不少法律界精英嘅啟蒙老師，有「香港法律界教父」之稱。1970年他獲委任為立法局議員，1974年加入行政局，1978至1981年出任立法局首席非官守議員，接替鍾士元，其後由羅保接任；他留在兩局至1986年。他亦是首位華人出任香港賽馬會主席，並曾任林肯法學協會監事，1987年獲封爵士。2003年9月他在跑馬地住所抽雪茄時被火柴燒着睡衣受傷，植皮手術後因真菌感染併發症，同年12月10日在瑪麗醫院逝世，享年八十一歲。田灣明愛張奧偉國際賓館及張奧偉爵士紀念基金以他命名。 --- # Careers ## 律師（事務律師／大律師） / Lawyer (solicitor / barrister) Practising as a solicitor or barrister in Hong Kong requires the Postgraduate Certificate in Laws (PCLL), then a traineeship or pupillage. A conversion examination is the other main academic route besides a local law degree. The gate to practise law in Hong Kong is the PCLL, not merely finishing any law course. HKU Professional Legal Education states that intending solicitors and barristers typically first complete an LLB or equivalent legal studies in Hong Kong or another common-law jurisdiction. After the PCLL, an intending solicitor must complete two years as a trainee solicitor before being eligible for admission as a solicitor. The Standing Committee on Legal Education and Training requires students entering the PCLL from September 2008 to demonstrate competence in prescribed core subjects. Holders of non-Hong Kong common-law qualifications may sit the Hong Kong Conversion Examination for PCLL Admission for missing cores and for three Hong Kong top-up subjects (Hong Kong Constitutional Law, Hong Kong Legal System, Hong Kong Land Law). Conversion courses are not mandatory, and attending a course does not itself prove competence. The barrister path after PCLL is pupillage; admission is a matter for the Hong Kong Bar and the High Court. Private-firm titles such as consultant or partner are not written here as a fixed ladder, because they are not statutory grades. 要在香港做執業律師，核心關卡是 PCLL，而不是「讀完任何法律課程就可以上庭或簽約」。 香港大學專業法律教育說明：有意成為事務律師或大律師的人，通常先完成香港或其他普通法司法管轄區的法學學士（LLB）或同等法律課程。完成 PCLL 後，有意做事務律師的人須再完成兩年實習律師僱用期，才合資格申請認許為事務律師。 法律教育及培訓常設委員會訂明，自 2008 年 9 月起入讀 PCLL 的學生，須證明已掌握指定核心科目；非本地普通法資格持有人，可用香港法學專業證書入學轉換考試補足未覆蓋的科目，以及三科香港「補足科目」（香港憲法、香港法律制度、香港土地法）。轉換課程本身不是強制，上課也不等於已證明能力——要以考試成績為準。 大律師路線在 PCLL 之後是實習（pupillage），認許規則由香港大律師公會及高等法院處理。本站未把私人律師行職銜（例如顧問、合夥人）寫成固定階梯，因為那不是法定職級。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/lawyer ## 註冊護士／登記護士 / Registered nurse / enrolled nurse To practise as a nurse in Hong Kong you need registration or enrolment with the Nursing Council, plus a valid practising certificate. Registered and enrolled nursing are two statutory tracks. The Nursing Council of Hong Kong maintains registration under the Nurses Registration Ordinance and oversees professional conduct. Practising in that statutory capacity requires the Council’s registration or enrolment and a valid practising certificate. The Education Bureau life-planning site separates registered nurses and enrolled nurses in the civil-service and Hospital Authority grades. A registered nurse (Part I) needs a Nursing Council registration certificate (Part I), a valid practising certificate, and language proficiency of Level 2 or above in Chinese and English in the HKDSE or HKCEE, or equivalent. An enrolled nurse is built around an enrolment certificate (Part I) and a valid practising certificate, with a lower academic threshold than registered nursing. Civil-service posts advertised from 1 July 2022 also require a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Pay outside the public sector is not the same scale. Study routes include Nursing Council-recognised registered-nurse degree or higher-diploma programmes; enrolled-nurse training is a shorter statutory path. This site does not treat an unsourced school list as the only way in. 香港護士管理局根據《護士註冊條例》建立及執行註冊制度，並監察執業護士的專業操守。沒有管理局發出的註冊／登記及有效執業證明書，就不能以該法定身分執業。 教育局生涯規劃網站把公務員及醫管局職系中的註冊護士與登記護士分開寫。註冊護士（第I部）的入職條件包括：持有護士管理局簽發的註冊證明書（第I部）、有效執業證明書，以及中英文語文能力（文憑試或會考中國語文及英國語文科第2級或以上，或同等學歷）。登記護士則以管理局簽發的登記證書（第I部）及有效執業證明書為核心，學歷門檻較註冊護士低。 公營機構若屬公務員職位，由 2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登的招聘，還須在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格。非政府機構薪酬及職銜並非同一套薪級表。 進修路線可以是護士管理局認可的註冊護士學士或高級文憑課程；登記護士訓練是另一條較短的法定路徑。本站不把未核對的院校名單寫成「唯一入學選擇」。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/registered-nurse ## 檢定教員／准用教員 / Registered teacher / permitted teacher Anyone teaching in a school must be a registered teacher or a permitted teacher. A trained teaching qualification and an academic qualification without teacher training are different statutory routes. Becoming a teacher is a dream for many young people in Hong Kong. To pursue a career in education, you not only need a passion for teaching but must also meet the statutory teacher registration requirements to legally teach in schools. The education sector has a clear promotion pathway, from a newly hired teacher to becoming a principal, with clear development opportunities at every stage. 做老師係好多青年人嘅夢想，喺香港投身教育事業，唔單止要熱愛教學，仲要符合法定嘅教員註冊要求，先可以合法喺學校任教。教育界嘅晉升路徑清晰，由入職老師到成為校長，每一步都有明確嘅發展空間。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/registered-teacher ## 政務主任 / Administrative Officer Administrative Officers work on policy and public administration. The 2025/26 exercise required a first- or second-class honours degree, the Common Recruitment Examination, a joint recruitment examination, and a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. As a core management grade in the Hong Kong Government, Administrative Officers are responsible for policy formulation, resource allocation and inter-departmental coordination. They are regularly posted to different bureaux and departments to accumulate extensive public administration experience. This grade is regarded as the government"s "generalist managers" with a clear promotion pathway, making it a top choice for many young people joining the public service. 作為香港政府嘅核心管理職系，政務主任負責政策制定、資源調配同跨部門協調，會定期輪調到唔同政策局同部門，累積廣泛嘅公共行政經驗。呢個職系被視為政府嘅「管理通才」，晉升路徑清晰，係好多青年人投身公共服務嘅首選。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/administrative-officer ## 二級行政主任 / Executive Officer II Executive Officers specialise in resource and systems management across bureaux and departments. A bachelor’s degree is enough to apply; honours class is not required — it is not the same path as Administrative Officer. Executive Officer II is another important administrative grade in the Hong Kong Government. Unlike the Administrative Officer grade, this role focuses on resource management and departmental administrative support, with a lower entry barrier that does not require an honours degree, making it an ideal alternative for many young people looking to join the civil service. 二級行政主任係香港政府入面另一條重要嘅行政職系，同政務主任唔同，呢個職系專注喺資源管理同部門行政支援，入職門檻相對較低，唔需要榮譽學位就可以申請，係好多想投身公務員行列嘅青年人另一個理想選擇。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/executive-officer ## 航空交通管制主任 / Air Traffic Control Officer Student Air Traffic Control Officer is a civil-service grade. The Education Bureau life-planning site lists an HKDSE route of five subjects at Level 3, including mathematics, geography, physics, ICT or aviation, rather than requiring an aviation degree. Air Traffic Control Officers are critical civil servants who maintain the safety and order of Hong Kong"s airspace, managing thousands of flights daily to ensure smooth air traffic flow. This role demands precision and strong responsibility, making it ideal for young people passionate about aviation with strong mathematical and analytical skills. 航空交通管制主任係負責維持香港空域安全有序嘅關鍵公務員職系，每日指揮數以千計架次嘅航班，確保航空交通流暢。呢個職業非常重視精準同責任心，適合對航空業有熱誠、數理基礎好嘅青年人。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/air-traffic-control-officer ## 飛機維修（HKAR-66 執照） / Aircraft maintenance (HKAR-66 licence) Certifying release to service in Hong Kong is built on a CAD HKAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence, used with a HKAR-145 organisation’s authorisation. Apprenticeship, approved courses or an engineering degree change how many years of experience you need. Aircraft maintenance is an indispensable technical role in Hong Kong"s aviation industry, responsible for ensuring the flight safety of every flight. You must obtain a CAD HKAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence before you can independently certify release to service. This sector demands strong technical skills, offers stable career prospects, and is ideal for young people interested in engineering and mechanics. 飛機維修係航空業入面不可或缺嘅專業技術崗位，負責確保每架航班嘅飛行安全，要考取民航處嘅HKAR-66飛機維修執照先可以獨立簽發適航放行。呢個行業對技術能力要求高，發展前景穩定，適合對工程同機械有興趣嘅青年人。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/aircraft-maintenance ## 小型無人機遙控駕駛員 / Small unmanned aircraft remote pilot This is not “buy a camera drone and you have a career”. Higher-mass or higher-risk small unmanned aircraft operations require registration under the Small Unmanned Aircraft Order; advanced operations also need training at a CAD-approved organisation and an advanced rating. Small unmanned aircraft remote pilots are an emerging profession in Hong Kong, widely used in industries like aerial photography, surveying, infrastructure inspection, and logistics delivery. To legally operate commercial drones, you must meet all registration and training requirements under the Civil Aviation Department"s Small Unmanned Aircraft Order before you can provide professional services. 小型無人機遙控駕駛員係香港近年興起嘅新興職業，廣泛應用喺航拍、測量、基建檢查、物流配送等唔多行業。要合法操作商業用途嘅無人機，一定要符合民航處《小型無人機令》嘅所有註冊同培訓要求，先可以提供專業服務。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/remote-pilot ## 註冊中醫 / Registered Chinese medicine practitioner To practise Chinese medicine in Hong Kong you must complete a Chinese Medicine Practitioners Board-recognised undergraduate programme, pass the licensing examination, then apply for a registration certificate and a practising certificate. Chinese medicine is a unique traditional healthcare profession in Hong Kong. To practise legally, you need a solid foundation in Chinese medicine theory and clinical practice, and must meet the statutory registration requirements set by the Chinese Medicine Council of Hong Kong to provide professional Chinese medicine services to the public. 中醫係香港獨特嘅傳統醫療行業，從事呢個專業除咗要對中醫藥理論同臨床實踐有紮實基礎，仲要嚴格符合香港中醫藥管理委員會嘅法定註冊要求，先可以合法執業，為市民提供專業嘅中醫醫療服務。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/chinese-medicine-practitioner ## 註冊社會工作者 / Registered social worker Practising in a social-work post requires registration with the Social Workers Registration Board. The main path is a Board-recognised social-work degree or diploma. Social workers are a critical part of Hong Kong"s social welfare system, dedicated to helping individuals, families, and communities resolve various social challenges. To practise legally, you must meet the statutory registration requirements set by the Social Workers Registration Board to uphold the professional responsibilities of this role. 社工係香港社會服務體系入面非常重要嘅一環，專門幫助有需要嘅個人、家庭同社區解決各種社會問題，要成為註冊社工一定要符合社會工作者註冊局嘅法定要求，先可以合法執業，履行呢個專業嘅社會責任。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/registered-social-worker ## 藥劑師 / Pharmacist Practising as a pharmacist in Hong Kong requires registration with the Pharmacy and Poisons Board. A local HKU/CUHK pharmacy degree and a non-local qualification are different routes. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pharmacist ## 註冊醫生 / Registered doctor Practising medicine in Hong Kong requires registration with the Medical Council. HKU/CUHK medical graduates and other medical graduates face different gates: the latter must pass the Licensing Examination and complete an assessed internship. The Medical Council of Hong Kong states that, apart from medical graduates of the University of Hong Kong and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, medical graduates who wish to register with the Council for practising privileges must pass the Council’s Licensing Examination and complete a period of pre-registration internship and assessment in an approved hospital or institution. To sit the Licensing Examination, an applicant must pay the prescribed fee and satisfy the Council that they have satisfactorily completed at least five years of full-time medical training of a type approved by the Council, hold an acceptable medical qualification, and are of good character. That five-year training must include an approved internship period. Under the Medical Registration Ordinance, anyone who fails any part of the Licensing Examination five consecutive times may be barred from further attempts. The examination is held twice a year in three parts: a professional knowledge exam (two MCQ papers), a medical English proficiency test, and a clinical examination. After passing, candidates must serve as interns for twelve months of training and assessment in an approved hospital or institution before applying for registration. HKU and CUHK medical graduates are outside the “must sit the Licensing Examination” wording above; they still complete pre-registration training under Council and hospital arrangements before full registration. The Specialist Register is a separate layer; this entry covers only the general registration gate. 香港醫務委員會說明：除香港大學及香港中文大學的醫科畢業生外，凡有意向委員會註冊以獲取執業醫生資格的醫科畢業生，必須通過委員會舉辦的執業資格試，並須於認可的醫院或醫療機構完成一段註冊前的駐院實習及評核。 參加執業資格試的申請人，須繳付訂明費用，並令委員會信納已圓滿完成不少於五年、屬委員會批准類型的全時間醫學訓練，持有委員會接納的醫學資格，以及具有良好品格。該五年全時間醫學訓練必須包括一段委員會批准的駐院實習期。根據《醫生註冊條例》，如任何人曾參加執業資格試任何一部分連續五次而每次均不合格，委員會可禁止該人再參加。 執業資格試每年舉辦兩次，分三部分：專業知識考試（兩卷多項選擇題）、醫學英語技能水平測驗，以及臨床考試。通過考試後，考生須在認可醫院或醫療機構擔任駐院實習醫生，接受為期十二個月的訓練及評核；成功完成後可向委員會申請註冊。 港大及中大醫科畢業生不在上述「須應考執業資格試」的表述範圍內；他們仍須按委員會及醫院管理局／認可機構安排完成註冊前訓練，才能正式註冊執業。專科醫生名冊與一般註冊是另一層制度，本站此條只寫一般執業醫生註冊入口。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/doctor ## 警員 / Police Constable Applicants for Police Constable must be permanent residents of the HKSAR and meet academic, language, Basic Law and National Security Law test, and fitness requirements; appointees then take residential training at the Police College. The Hong Kong Police Force is Hong Kong"s primary disciplined service, responsible for maintaining law and order and protecting the safety of all citizens. To serve as a police constable, you must pass rigorous selection and training, meet all statutory requirements before you can perform your duties, in a role filled with mission and responsibility. 警務處係香港最重要嘅紀律部隊，負責維持治安、保護市民生命財產安全，要成為警員一定要通過嚴格嘅遴選同訓練，符合所有法定要求先可以執行職務，係一份充滿使命感同責任感嘅職業。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/police-constable ## 註冊電業工程人員 / Registered electrical worker Anyone doing electrical work on fixed electrical installations must register with EMSD. Certificates are graded A, B, C, R and H, each with multiple qualification paths such as apprenticeship, certificate, diploma or degree. Electrical engineering is a critical professional trade in Hong Kong's construction and maintenance sectors. All work on fixed electrical installations must be carried out by registered electrical workers to ensure electrical safety. To practise legally, you must meet the EMSD's qualification requirements for your registration grade. 電業工程係香港建造同維修業入面非常重要嘅專業，所有涉及固定電力裝置嘅工作都一定要由註冊電業工程人員負責，確保用電安全，要成為註冊人員一定要符合機電工程署嘅各級資格要求，先可以合法執業。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/electrical-worker ## 消防員（行動／海務） / Fireman/Firewoman (Operational/Marine) Fireman/Firewoman (Operational/Marine) is a Fire Services Department disciplined post for fire-fighting, rescue and fire-protection duties. Entry is mainly HKDSE/HKCEE based, with eyesight, fitness, job-related performance and written aptitude tests. The Fire Services Department is Hong Kong"s primary disciplined service for firefighting, rescue, and fire prevention. Firefighters (Operational/Marine) are the core frontline role, facing unique challenges every day. You must pass rigorous selection and training before you can perform your duties, making it a career full of mission and honour, ideal for young people with physical fitness and strong responsibility. 消防處係香港負責滅火救援同防火工作嘅主要紀律部隊，消防員（行動／海務）係前線最核心嘅崗位，每日面對唔一樣嘅挑戰，要通過嚴格嘅遴選同訓練先可以執行職務，係一份充滿使命感同榮譽感嘅職業，適合有體力、有責任心嘅青年人。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/firefighter ## 保安員 / Security Guard Security guards cover residential blocks, malls, offices, schools and government venues: visitor registration, patrols, CCTV monitoring and incident handling. Entry is accessible, but there is one hard gate — you must first hold a Security Personnel Permit from the Police Licensing Office and complete the recognised training course before an employer may lawfully assign you security duties. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/security-guard ## 餐廳服務員 / Restaurant Waiter / Waitress Waiters are the frontline of the food and beverage trade: setting tables, taking orders, serving food, handling requests and cleaning up. There is no academic threshold and part-time hourly work is common, which makes it a frequent first job for students and career switchers — but hours are long and holidays are the busiest times, so look carefully at the roster and promotion path. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/waiter-restaurant ## 水喉技工學徒 / Plumber Apprentice A plumbing apprenticeship is the usual way into water-pipe work: you learn on site under a licensed plumber while studying a vocational programme, then pass the Water Supplies Department plumbing examination. Specified water supply works are regulated by the Waterworks Ordinance and Waterworks Regulations: they may only be carried out by a licensed plumber, or by employees working under a licensed plumber's supervision. Apprentices do not sign off works documents; they assist with installation, repair and testing while learning to read drawings, identify materials and record each stage. Daily tasks include installing and replacing supply and drainage pipes, fittings and meters, dealing with burst pipes, leaks and blockages, pressure testing and flushing systems. Site conditions vary, involving lifting, ladders, ceiling voids and sometimes outdoor or confined-space work, so protective equipment and safety procedures are part of the routine. 香港嘅指定供水系統工程受《水務設施條例》同《水務設施規例》規管，只可以由持牌水喉匠（或在其督導下工作嘅受僱人士）進行。學徒唔會簽工程文件，主要協助安裝、維修同測試，同時學識睇圖則、認物料同記錄工序。 日常工作包括安裝同更換供水及排水管道、潔具同水錶，處理爆喉、滲漏同塞渠，做水壓測試同系統沖洗。工地環境多變，要搬運重物、爬梯、入假天花，部分工序喺戶外或密閉空間進行，所以防護裝備同安全程序係日常一部分。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/plumber-apprentice ## 零售助理／店務員 / Retail Assistant / Sales Associate Retail assistants keep a shop running day to day: opening and closing, replenishing stock, display, cashiering and serving customers. The academic threshold is low, branches are everywhere and it is easy to get in, which makes it the most direct introduction to retail operations — though income depends heavily on how commission is calculated and how the roster falls. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/retail-assistant ## 建築工人 / Construction Worker Building worker is the umbrella term for front-line site trades such as bar fixing, formwork, concreting, bricklaying, plastering and demolition. Entry is through training and trade tests, and a registered construction worker card is required to work on site. Front-line site trades are regulated by the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance: anyone working on site needs a registered construction worker card, and registration is split into registered skilled worker, registered semi-skilled worker and registered general worker, tied to the trade concerned. Entry is mainly through Construction Industry Council (CIC) training courses and trade tests: complete a basic or trade-specific course, pass the trade test, and register at the matching skill level. Before entering a site you normally also need a recognised construction safety training certificate, which is valid for a set period and must be renewed. 地盤前線工種受《建造業工人註冊條例》規管，喺地盤工作嘅人要有建造業工人註冊證；註冊分註冊熟練技工、註冊半熟練技工同註冊普通工人，等級同工種掛鈎。 入行主要靠建造業議會（CIC）嘅訓練課程同工藝測試：先讀基本工藝或指定工種課程，再通過該工種嘅工藝測試，就可以按技能水平註冊。進入地盤前一般亦要完成認可嘅建造業安全訓練課程（俗稱「平安卡」），證明書有指定有效期，期滿要重溫。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/construction-worker ## 電工學徒 / Electrician Apprentice An electrical apprentice works under a registered electrical worker installing and maintaining installations, studies a vocational course, and works towards registration with the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department. Fixed electrical installation work is regulated by the Electricity Ordinance and related regulations: installing, maintaining or altering a fixed installation must be done by a registered electrical worker registered by grade and category, and firms taking on such work must be registered electrical contractors. Apprentices draw cables, run conduits, fit distribution boards, luminaires, socket outlets and earthing systems, carry out insulation and earth continuity tests, trace faults, learn to read circuit diagrams and follow isolation procedures. Because the work is done in ceiling voids, plant rooms, sites and outdoors, live-work and work-at-height rules matter a great deal. 固定電力裝置工程受《電力條例》及相關規例規管：安裝、維修或改動固定電力裝置，必須由註冊電業工程人員（按級別及類別註冊）進行，承接工程嘅公司就要係註冊電業承辦商。 學徒日常工作包括拉線、佈喉、裝配電箱、燈具、插座同接地系統，做絕緣及接地測試、追查故障，同時學識睇電路圖同遵守隔離電源程序。經常喺假天花、機房、地盤同戶外工作，帶電工作同高空工作嘅安全規定特別重要。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/electrician-apprentice ## 公眾清潔工 / Public Area Cleaner Public area cleaners keep streets, parks, markets, malls and estate common areas clean and handle waste. Entry is accessible, but hours, rostering, physical demands and protective equipment should be clarified up front. The work depends on the venue: streets and parks mean sweeping, emptying bins, washing down and clearing debris; markets involve hosing floors, clearing waste around stalls and dealing with run-off; malls and estates cover toilets, escalators, glass and refuse rooms. No academic or licence requirement is usual, but several practical conditions matter: the roster of early, night and rotating shifts, physical demands such as pushing bins and standing for long periods, safety in diluting and handling cleaning chemicals, working on slopes and beside roads, and operating cleaning machines, plus the terms and allowances set by the outsourced contractor. 工作內容視乎場地：街道同公園多數做掃地、清理垃圾箱、洗地同清理雜物；街市要沖洗地面、清理攤檔周邊垃圾同處理污水；商場同屋苑就做洗手間、扶手電梯、玻璃同垃圾房清潔。 入行通常冇學歷或牌照要求，但要留意幾樣實務條件：更制（早更、夜更、輪休）、體力要求（推垃圾車、搬垃圾桶、長時間站立）、安全（清潔化學品稀釋同防護、斜坡同馬路邊工作、機械設備操作），以及外判公司嘅合約同津貼安排。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/cleaner-public ## 美髮師 / Hairdresser Hairdressers cut, colour, perm and style. It is a craft trade where your hands and your reputation compound over time. Hong Kong has no statutory hairdresser registration, and entry almost always starts as an assistant (shampooing and blow-drying) learning under a stylist; after that, a large share of your income depends on your own client base and how commission is split. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/hairdresser ## 中廚師 / Chinese Cuisine Chef Chinese cuisine chefs produce dishes in restaurants, eateries and hotels; most start as apprentices and specialise by station such as chopping board, wok or dim sum, with food safety regulated by law. Daily work includes preparation such as cutting, blanching and marinating, wok cooking or steaming and braising, checking and plating dishes, timing the pass, cleaning the range and storing ingredients to temperature and labelling rules; restaurants split work into stations such as dim sum, roast meats, wok, chopping board and pass. Most start as apprentices or kitchen helpers learning from a master, often alongside a Vocational Training Council Chinese cuisine course or apprenticeship scheme. Food safety follows the Food Business Regulation and licensed premises hygiene requirements, and some employers ask for a food hygiene course. Long hours, standing and heat are normal. 日常工作包括備料（切配、汆水、醃製）、炒鑊或蒸燉、出品檢查同擺盤、控制出菜時間、清潔爐具同處理食材儲存（溫度同標籤）；酒樓更分點心、燒味、炒鑊、砧板、打荷等專責崗位。 入行一般由學徒或雜工做起，跟師傅學手勢，同時可讀職業訓練局（VTC）中廚課程或參加學徒訓練計劃；食物安全方面要遵守《食物業規例》同持牌食肆嘅衞生要求，部分僱主要求完成食物衞生課程。工作時間長、長時間站立同高溫係常態。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/cook-chinese ## 的士司機 / Taxi Driver Taxi driving is one of the most self-employed roles in Hong Kong: you can rent a car or own the taxi licence yourself, and your income tracks directly onto trips worked, hours and running costs. The statutory gate is not academic — it is the taxi driver identity card issued by the Transport Department, plus the driving-experience requirement attached to your licence. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/taxi-driver ## 註冊水喉匠 / Registered Plumber A registered (licensed) plumber is the only person who may lawfully carry out specified water supply works; the licence is issued by the Water Supplies Department after passing its plumbing examination. The Water Supplies Department regulates water supply systems and pipe works under the Waterworks Ordinance and Waterworks Regulations: specified works must be carried out by a licensed plumber, or under a licensed plumber's supervision, and completion documents must be signed by the licence holder. Daily work covers installing and altering building water supply systems, meters, tanks, pumps and fire services water supplies, dealing with burst pipes and pressure problems, carrying out water quality testing and system flushing, and submitting documents to the department and following up acceptance inspections. 水務署根據《水務設施條例》同《水務設施規例》監管供水系統同水管工程：指定工程要由持牌水喉匠進行，或喺持牌人督導下進行，完工文件亦要由持牌人簽署。 日常工作包括安裝同改動樓宇供水系統、水錶、水箱、水泵同消防供水設施，處理爆喉同水壓問題，做水質測試同系統沖洗，並按法例要求向水務署提交文件同跟進驗收。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/plumber-qualified ## 安保經理 / Security Manager A security manager runs security operations for a property or group of venues: rostering, supervising guards, handling incidents and implementing the security plan. Most move up from guard or supervisor roles. Security work in Hong Kong is regulated by the Security and Guarding Services Ordinance: working as a guard requires a Security Personnel Permit issued by the Police Licensing Office by category, and companies supplying guards must also be licensed. At manager level the work includes drawing up and checking rosters, patrolling and verifying duty records, handling resident or tenant complaints, investigating theft and damage, writing reports, coordinating fire and evacuation drills, managing CCTV and access control systems, and meeting the property management office and contractors to review performance. 香港嘅保安工作受《保安及護衛服務條例》規管：從事保安工作要有警務處牌照課發出嘅保安人員許可證（按類別發出），聘用保安員嘅公司亦要領牌。 經理層日常工作包括編排同檢查更表、巡樓同核對值勤紀錄、處理住戶或租戶投訴、調查失竊同損壞事件、寫報告、協調消防同緊急疏散演習、管理閉路電視同門禁系統，以及同物業管理處、外判公司開會跟進表現。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/security-manager ## 健康服務助理 / Health Care Assistant Health care assistants (HCAs) support nurses with patient care in hospitals, clinics and care homes. They are not registered nurses, and the procedures they may carry out are clearly bounded. Daily work includes helping patients eat, wash, turn and move, measuring basic vital signs such as temperature, pulse and blood pressure, preparing and cleaning equipment, moving patients and specimens, and assisting nurses with simple procedures and records. The boundaries matter: the scope of registered nurses, enrolled nurses and health care assistants is defined by the Hospital Authority or the employer for each post, and medication, injections and high-risk procedures sit within the nursing profession. HCAs work within their training and instructions rather than deciding on their own. Entry is usually Secondary 3 to Secondary 5, with in-service training provided, and some employers require a recognised health care assistant or care worker course. 日常工作包括協助病人進食、清潔、轉身同攙扶，量度體溫、脈搏、血壓等基本生命表徵，準備同清潔儀器，運送病人同標本，並協助護士做簡單程序同記錄。 要留意界線：註冊護士、登記護士同健康服務助理嘅工作範圍由醫管局或僱主按職位訂明，藥物、注射同高風險程序屬護理專業範圍；HCA 要按訓練同指示工作，唔可以自行判斷處理。入行一般中三至中五程度，機構會提供在職訓練，部分要求完成認可嘅健康服務助理或保健員課程。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/nursing-assistant ## 零售主管 / Retail Supervisor Retail supervisors run the day-to-day operation of a shop: rosters, sales targets, display and staff supervision, acting as the bridge between the shop floor and management. Daily work includes opening and closing procedures, drawing up rosters and allocating tasks, monitoring sales targets and replenishment, handling customer complaints and returns, checking display and pricing, training newcomers and investigating till discrepancies; peak seasons such as shopping festivals and year end bring overtime and extra staff. Entry usually means Secondary 5 or above with several years of shop floor experience, basic computer skills and English or Putonghua for customers; some chains require internal management training. Sales skill, stock control and people coordination are what the trade values. 日常工作包括開店同收店程序、安排更表同分配工作、監察銷售目標同補貨、處理客人投訴同退換、檢查陳列同標價、培訓新人同處理收銀差異；旺季（例如購物節、年尾）要加班同加人手。 入職要求：一般要求中五或以上學歷、數年零售前線經驗，具備基本電腦操作同英語或普通話應對能力；部分連鎖店要求完成內部管理培訓。行內重視銷售技巧、庫存管理同人事協調。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/retail-supervisor ## 機場地勤人員 / Airport Ground Staff Airport ground staff in passenger services handle check-in, baggage and boarding gate work; the job is shift-based and requires vetting for an airport restricted area permit. Daily work includes checking passengers in and taking baggage, verifying travel documents and visas, handling overweight or special baggage, boarding flights at the gate, managing passengers when flights are delayed or cancelled, and assisting wheelchair users and unaccompanied minors. Entry follows the airline's or ground handler's recruitment notices: secondary education is usual, with good Chinese and English and sometimes Putonghua, and availability for shifts and overnight work. Training covers airline systems and safety, and an airport restricted area permit requires vetting. 日常工作包括辦理登機手續同寄存行李、核對旅行證件同簽證、處理超重或特殊行李、喺登機閘口安排上機、應對航班延誤或取消時嘅乘客安排，以及協助輪椅乘客同獨行兒童。 入職要求以航空公司或地勤服務公司招聘公告為準：一般要求中學程度、良好中英文（部分職位要普通話）、能接受輪班同通宵工作；入職後接受航空公司系統同安全訓練，並要通過背景審查申請機場禁區通行證。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/airport-ground-staff ## 小學補習老師 / Primary School Tutor Tutors teach primary pupils at tutorial centres or private education centres; they are outside the school teaching establishment and normally need no teacher registration, though school registration and business rules still apply. Daily work includes preparation, setting exercises to the pupil's level, marking and explaining, keeping classroom order, reporting progress to parents and helping with trial lessons and enrolment; peak periods before examinations are intense and most work is rostered across afternoons, evenings and weekends. Entry has no statutory licence or academic requirement, and employers usually look for university-level study or strong results in the subject taught, together with patience and communication skill. Centres operating as a school or offering a regular curriculum must consider registration under the Education Ordinance, and the business itself must meet company registration and business registration requirements. 日常工作包括備課、按學生程度設計練習、批改同講解、控制課堂秩序、同家長報告進度、協助試堂同招生；旺季（考試前）工作量特別大，多數要輪班（下午至晚上同週末）。 入職要求：一般冇法定牌照或學歷規定，僱主多要求大學程度或相關科目成績良好，並重視耐性同表達能力；如以「學校」名義營運或提供正規課程，就要留意《教育條例》下嘅學校註冊要求，商業營運亦須符合公司註冊同商業登記規定。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/primary-school-tutor ## 西廚師 / Western Cuisine Chef Western cuisine chefs produce dishes from starters to mains and desserts, working in stations; kitchens carry food safety duties and the work means long hours and heat. Daily work includes preparation such as cutting, sauces and stocks, cooking to order by pan-frying, roasting, braising or slow cooking, plating, timing and temperature control, cleaning and storing ingredients; hotels and fine dining kitchens split work into cold kitchen, hot kitchen, pastry and butchery stations. Most start as apprentices or kitchen assistants, often with a Vocational Training Council western catering course or a culinary school programme. Food safety follows the Food Business Regulation, and some employers ask for a food hygiene course. Recipes and dish names are often in English, so basic reading ability helps. 日常工作包括備料（切配、醬汁、高湯）、按單烹調（煎、烤、燉、慢煮）、擺盤、控制出品時間同溫度、清潔同處理食材儲存；酒店同高級餐廳會細分冷廚房、熱廚房、甜品同肉房等崗位。 入行一般由學徒或廚房助理做起，可讀職業訓練局西式餐飲課程或烹飪學院課程；食物安全要遵守《食物業規例》，部分僱主要求食物衞生課程。食譜同菜名多為英文，需要基本英語閱讀能力。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/chef-western ## 速遞員 / Delivery Courier Couriers collect and deliver parcels and plan their routes, typically with express companies or e-commerce delivery; pay is often per parcel or per day and the work involves deadlines, lifting and weather. Daily work includes collecting and delivering parcels on a route, obtaining signatures or handling refusals, scanning barcodes to update the system, following special instructions such as cash on delivery or time slots, then returning to the depot and settling accounts; some roles use motorcycles or vans. Entry has no academic threshold, but driving roles need the relevant licence, and you must know your delivery district and be comfortable with mobile apps. Employers provide system and safety training. Self-employed or piece-rate couriers arrange their own transport, insurance and rest. 日常工作包括按路線提取同派送包裹、處理簽收同拒收、掃描條碼更新系統、處理特別指示（例如代收貨款或指定時間送達）、回站交件同結算；部分工種要駕駛電單車或客貨車。 入職要求：一般冇學歷門檻，但如使用車輛派送就要持相關駕駛執照，並要熟悉派送區域同懂得使用手機應用；僱主會提供系統同安全訓練。自僱或按件計酬嘅速遞員要自行安排交通、保險同休息時間。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/logistics-delivery ## 冷氣技術員 / Air Conditioning Technician An air-conditioning technician installs, services and repairs air-conditioning systems, working with controlled refrigerants and the electrical side of the equipment, so statutory and safety requirements both apply. Air-conditioning work falls into three groups: installing, cleaning and recharging domestic window and split units; servicing central air-conditioning in offices, malls and plant rooms, including chillers, air handling units, pumps and cooling towers; and installing ductwork and piping on projects. Technicians read drawings, measure airflow and refrigerant pressures and diagnose faults with instruments, and they work within two boundaries: the fixed electrical installation must be handled by a registered electrical worker, and refrigerants are controlled substances regulated by the Environmental Protection Department, with recovery and handling procedures. Most people enter as apprentices or assistants while studying a Vocational Training Council course. 冷氣工作大致分三類：住宅窗口機同分體機嘅安裝、清洗同加雪種；商廈、商場同機房嘅中央空調（冷水機組、風櫃、水泵、冷卻塔）保養；以及工程項目嘅風管同管道安裝。 技術員要識睇圖、量度風量同冷媒壓力、用儀表判斷故障，亦要遵守兩條界線：固定電力裝置部分要由註冊電業工程人員處理；雪種屬環保署規管嘅受管制物質，回收同處理有程序要求。入行一般由學徒或助理做起，同時讀職業訓練局相關課程。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/aircon-technician ## 藥房助理 / Pharmacy Assistant A pharmacy assistant supports dispensing and shop operations in community or hospital pharmacies, but is not a registered pharmacist: dispensing, checking and professional judgement belong to the pharmacist. The work covers receiving prescriptions, entering them into the system, taking and packing medicines as instructed by the pharmacist, keeping shelves and stock records in order, labelling and packing, answering enquiries about over-the-counter products, and watching storage conditions such as temperature, light and expiry dates. On the legal side, pharmacy in Hong Kong is regulated by the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance, with statutory duties falling on registered pharmacists and licensed pharmacies; a pharmacy assistant cannot dispense or exercise professional judgement independently. Entry is usually Secondary 5 with no statutory licence, relying on employer training and experience, and moving up professionally means studying pharmacy to qualify as a pharmacist. 日常工作包括接收處方、輸入藥單、按藥劑師指示取藥同分裝、整理藥品貨架同存貨紀錄、貼標籤同包裝、協助客人查詢店內成藥，亦要留意儲存條件（溫度、避光）同有效期。 法定界線方面：香港嘅藥劑業受《藥劑業及毒藥條例》規管，註冊藥劑師同持牌藥房有法定責任；藥房助理唔可以獨立配藥或者做專業判斷。入行通常中五程度，冇法定牌照要求，靠僱主訓練同經驗累積；想專業化就要進修藥劑學以考取藥劑師資格。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pharmacist-assistant ## 活動場地職員 / Event Venue Staff Event venue staff handle set-up, equipment and crowd support; the job is shift-based and follows event schedules, with very long hours around large exhibitions and shows. Daily work includes laying out venues to the event plan, covering booths, panels, seating, power and network lines, moving and placing equipment, assisting exhibitors and organisers, managing crowd flow at entrances and exits, then striking the set-up and checking equipment afterwards. Entry follows the venue operator's or organiser's recruitment notices: secondary education is usual, with fitness for manual work and shifts including overnight builds and basic English or Putonghua. Training covers venue safety, fire escape routes and evacuation procedures, and some venues require a site work permit. 日常工作包括按活動圖則佈置場地（攤位、展板、座椅、電力同網線）、搬運同擺放物資、協助參展商同主辦單位、維持人流同出入口秩序、活動後拆除同清點物資。 入職要求以場地管理公司或主辦單位招聘公告為準：一般要求中學程度、能應付體力勞動同輪班（包括通宵搭建）、基本英語或普通話溝通；入職後接受場地安全、消防通道同疏散程序訓練，部分場地另要申請場地工作證。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/event-venue-staff ## 健身教練 / Fitness Trainer Fitness trainers coach clients in gyms or private studios; there is no statutory licence, but the market expects recognised trainer certification, first aid training and insurance cover. Daily work includes fitness assessment and goal setting, designing and coaching programmes for resistance, cardio and flexibility, demonstrating technique and correcting form, recording progress and handling bookings and renewals; some trainers run group classes, corporate wellness programmes or online coaching. Entry has no statutory licence, but employers and clients generally expect recognised certification from a local or international fitness body, and first aid and CPR or AED certificates are advisable. Self-employed trainers arrange their own professional and public liability insurance and follow venue safety and equipment rules. 日常工作包括做體能評估同目標設定、設計同指導訓練計劃（阻力、心肺、伸展）、示範正確動作同糾正姿勢、記錄進度、處理預約同續約；部分教練做小組班、企業健康計劃或線上指導。 入職要求：一般冇法定牌照，但僱主同客戶普遍要求認可教練證書（本地或國際體適能機構認證），並建議持有急救同心肺復甦（AED）證書；自僱教練要自行安排專業責任同公眾責任保險，並遵守場地嘅安全守則同器材使用規定。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/fitness-trainer ## 裝修師傅 / Renovation Contractor Renovation contractor is a trade label rather than one licence: electrical, plumbing and minor works items each carry their own statutory qualification, and structural alterations need plan submission and approval. Renovation work in flats and shops in Hong Kong touches several statutory regimes: electrical work must be handled by a registered electrical worker or contractor; plumbing work must be done by a licensed plumber; items under the minor works control regime of the Buildings Ordinance must be carried out by a registered minor works contractor and reported as required; and structural alterations, such as removing a load-bearing wall or adding to a structure, require plan submission and the Building Authority's approval. The job starts with taking on the project: discussing design and budget with the client, measuring, quoting, ordering materials, arranging trades (electrical, plumbing, tiling, carpentry, painting, window works), supervising, handover and follow-up. The contractor therefore has to read drawings, take off materials, sequence the trades, and know which items must go to a licence holder. 香港住宅同商舖裝修會觸及幾套法定制度：電力工程要由註冊電業工程人員或註冊電業承辦商處理；水管工程要由持牌水喉匠進行；屬《建築物條例》下小型工程監管制度嘅項目，要由屋宇署註冊小型工程承建商承辦並按規定呈報；涉及結構改動（例如拆主力牆、加建）就要入則，經建築事務監督批准。 日常工作由接單開始：同客戶傾設計同預算、度尺、報價、訂料、安排師傅（水電、泥水、木工、油漆、鋁窗等）、監工、驗收同跟保養。所以承接者要識睇圖、計料、協調工序，並清楚邊啲工序一定要交畀持牌人做。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/renovation-contractor ## 旅遊顧問 / Travel Consultant Travel consultants arrange itineraries, flights, hotels and tours; travel agents operate under a statutory licensing regime involving the Travel Industry Compensation Fund and levy stamps. Daily work includes understanding clients' needs and budgets, quoting and booking flights and hotels, designing independent or group itineraries, arranging visas and insurance, and handling changes and refunds; peak periods and shocks such as typhoons or cancelled flights mean immediate help for clients. On regulation, travel agents in Hong Kong are governed by the Travel Industry Ordinance: an agent must hold a licence and collect levy stamps on package travel for the Travel Industry Compensation Fund, with practitioner requirements published by the Travel Industry Authority. Entry usually needs secondary education or above, good Chinese and English and familiarity with booking systems. 日常工作包括了解客人需要同預算、查詢同預訂機票酒店、設計自由行或團隊行程、處理簽證同保險安排、跟進改期同退款；旺季同突發事件（例如颱風、航班取消）要即時處理客人求助。 規管方面：香港旅行社受《旅遊業條例》規管，須持旅行代理商牌照，並須就包辦旅遊服務收取印花（旅遊業賠償基金）；從業員嘅專業要求以旅遊業監管局公布為準。入職一般要求中學或以上程度、良好中英文同熟悉訂位系統。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/travel-consultant ## 平面設計師 / Graphic Designer Graphic designers work on branding, print, packaging and digital design; entry is through a portfolio rather than a licence, and the trade values craft, judgement and delivering on time. Daily work includes agreeing briefs and budgets with clients or account managers, developing concepts and drafts, laying out designs, preparing print files covering bleed, colour mode, paper and finishing or digital assets for social media and web components, then following up print or launch results; peak periods and deadlines mean tight turnarounds. Entry usually means a design diploma, higher diploma or degree plus a portfolio; fluency with Adobe software such as Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign and basic print knowledge are the foundation, with motion or UI design an advantage. Many start as design assistants. 日常工作包括同客戶或客戶經理確認需求同預算、做概念同草稿、設計版面同排版、處理印刷檔（出血、色彩模式、紙張同加工）或者數碼素材（社交媒體、網頁元件），再跟進印刷或上線效果；旺季同交稿期要趕期限。 入職要求：一般要求設計相關文憑、高級文憑或學位，並要有作品集；熟悉 Adobe 系列（Photoshop、Illustrator、InDesign）等軟件同印刷基本知識係基本功，懂動態設計或用戶介面設計更有利。行內可由設計助理做起。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/graphic-designer ## 港鐵站務員 / MTR Station Crew Station crew handle customer service and operations support: ticketing and top-ups, platform order, incident handling and passenger assistance, on shifts and through peak hours. Daily work includes helping passengers at the customer service centre and ticket machines, sorting out Octopus and ticket problems, making platform announcements and keeping boarding and alighting orderly, patrolling station facilities, handling passenger illness or lost property, and following procedures for incidents such as persons entering the track area, including assisting evacuations. Entry follows the operator's recruitment notices: secondary education is usual, with good Chinese and English communication and willingness to work shifts, nights and typhoon duties, plus training in station operations, safety and customer service. 日常工作包括喺站務處同售票機協助乘客、處理八達通同車票問題、月台廣播同維持上落秩序、巡查車站設施、處理乘客不適或失物，按程序應對事故（例如有人闖入路軌）同協助疏散。 入職要求以港鐵公司招聘公告為準：一般要求中學程度、良好中英文溝通能力、能接受輪班、夜更同颱風值勤，入職後接受車站運作、安全同客戶服務訓練。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/mtr-station-crew ## 會展統籌員 / Event Coordinator Event coordinators run an event from planning to wrap-up, coordinating the venue, suppliers, schedule and exhibitors as the operational hub. Daily work includes agreeing venue, timing and budget with clients and exhibitors, following up contractors for build, lighting and audio, catering and security, producing catalogues and signage, coordinating on site and solving problems as they arise, then settling accounts and reviewing afterwards. Entry usually means a sub-degree or degree, with event, marketing, hospitality or business backgrounds an advantage, good Chinese and English and strong coordination skills, and availability for overtime and weekend work around events. Event-related courses and qualifications are also available in the trade, with actual requirements set by the employer. 日常工作包括同客戶同參展商協調場地、時間同預算、跟進搭建、燈光音響、餐飲同保安等供應商、製作場刊同標示、現場協調同處理突發問題、活動後做結算同檢討。 入職要求：一般要求大專或以上程度（會展、市場學、酒店或商業相關較有利），良好中英文同溝通協調能力，能接受活動前後加班同週末工作；行內亦有會展相關課程同資歷，實際要求以僱主招聘公告為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/event-coordinator ## 咖啡師 / Barista Baristas brew coffee, serve customers and keep the bar running; the trade is built on practical training and sensory judgement, with no statutory licence but recognised courses and competitions helping careers. Daily work includes adjusting grind size and extraction, pulling espresso and steaming milk, pouring latte art, cleaning the machine and grinder, managing bean and milk stock, serving customers and taking payment; at peak times several orders run at once, balancing quality and speed. Entry has no academic or licence requirement, and most learn through on-the-job training at chains or independent cafes; internationally recognised barista courses and competitions help with moves and promotion. Baristas learn to judge flavour, extraction time and milk temperature, and to follow food safety and cleaning standards. 日常工作包括調整磨豆粗細同萃取參數、沖煮濃縮咖啡同奶泡、拉花出品、清潔咖啡機同磨豆機、管理咖啡豆同奶嘅存貨、招呼客人同收銀；繁忙時段要同時處理多張單，兼顧品質同速度。 入行要求：一般冇學歷或牌照要求，多由連鎖店或獨立咖啡店嘅在職訓練起步；行業有國際認可嘅咖啡師課程同比賽，對轉職同升遷有幫助。要學識分辨豆嘅風味、萃取時間同奶溫嘅影響，亦要遵守食物安全同清潔標準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/barista ## 物流統籌員 / Logistics Coordinator Logistics coordinators schedule inbound and outbound cargo, follow up orders and move transport, acting as the hub between warehouses, freight forwarders and distribution centres, balancing documents, timing and customers. Daily work includes receiving orders and scheduling shipments, coordinating times with carriers and drivers, handling customs and bill of lading information, chasing delays and damage, updating inventory records in the system and answering customer queries; peak seasons such as shopping festivals and year end bring heavy overtime. Entry usually means Secondary 5 or above with Chinese, English and basic computer skills such as warehouse management systems and spreadsheets; some posts ask for familiarity with import and export documents or dangerous goods awareness training. Most start as warehouse staff or order clerks and learn coordination and negotiation from there. 日常工作包括接收訂單同安排出貨、同承運商及司機協調時間、處理報關同提單資料、跟進延誤同破損、更新系統庫存紀錄、回覆客戶查詢；旺季（例如購物節或年尾）工作量同加班特別多。 入職要求：一般要求中五或以上學歷，懂中英文同基本電腦操作（例如倉庫管理系統同試算表）；部分職位要求熟悉出入口文件或完成危險品認知訓練。行內多由倉務員或跟單員做起，再學協調同談判。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/logistics-coordinator ## 地產代理 / Estate Agent Estate agents must be licensed: individuals and companies are licensed by the Estate Agents Authority, and unlicensed agency work or commission-taking is not allowed. Daily work includes taking listings and marketing them, showing properties, explaining facts such as area, age, management fees and title, helping negotiate sales or lettings, preparing provisional agreements and tenancy agreements and following up mortgages and completion, as well as answering enquiries and updating listings. On regulation, estate agency is governed by the Estate Agents Ordinance: individuals need a salesperson's licence or an estate agent's (individual) licence and companies need an agency licence. Licensees must follow the practice code, for example disclosing material facts and not charging contrary to the rules, and must keep up continuing professional development. Details are as published by the authority. 日常工作包括接盤同放盤、帶客睇樓、講解物業資料（面積、樓齡、管理費、業權狀況）、協助買賣或租賃談判、準備臨時買賣合約同租約、跟進按揭同成交手續，亦要處理查詢同更新盤源。 制度方面：地產代理受《地產代理條例》規管，個人須持營業員牌照或地產代理（個人）牌照，公司須持地產代理牌照；持牌人要遵守操守守則（例如如實披露重要資料、不得違規收費），並須持續進修。實際要求以地產代理監管局公布為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/estate-agent ## 電訊技術員 / Telecommunications Technician Telecommunications technicians install, test and repair fixed network, broadband, mobile network and exchange equipment; the industry is regulated by the Communications Authority and the work often involves customer premises and outdoor plant. Daily work covers installing and connecting broadband or telephone lines, testing signal and speed, tracing faults at the customer end, replacing exchange or base station equipment and splicing copper and fibre cables, with some posts maintaining ducts, manholes and antenna installations outdoors. Entry usually means secondary education plus telecommunications or electronics training, and many start as apprentices or assistants. There is no separate statutory registration for telecom technicians, but electrical work must go to a registered electrical worker, and work in exchanges, base stations or customer premises must follow the operator's safety and privacy rules. 日常工作包括安裝同接駁寬頻或電話線路、測試訊號同速度、排查客戶端故障、更換機樓或基站設備、做線纜接續同光纖熔接；亦有崗位做戶外管道、沙井同天線設施嘅維護。 入職一般要求中學程度加電訊或電子相關訓練，行內多由學徒或助理做起。電訊技術員冇獨立嘅法定註冊制度，但涉及電力部分要由註冊電業工程人員處理，喺機樓、基站或客戶處所施工要遵守營運商嘅安全同私隱規定。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/telecommunications-technician ## 小學教師 / Primary School Teacher Primary school teachers must be registered with the Education Bureau; aided school graduate teachers normally need a recognised degree plus teacher training, and language subjects carry additional language proficiency requirements. Daily work includes lesson preparation and teaching, designing materials and assessments, marking, class administration and discipline, talking with parents and taking part in extra-curricular activities and school committees; primary schools usually run a class-teacher system, so one teacher covers several subjects. The framework sits under the Education Ordinance: teachers register with the Education Bureau as registered or permitted teachers, and aided school graduate posts require a recognised degree plus teacher training, such as a Bachelor of Education or a degree with a postgraduate diploma in education, with additional language proficiency requirements for language teachers. Actual requirements are as published by the bureau and schools. 日常工作包括備課同教學、設計教材同評估、批改功課、處理班務同學生紀律、同家長溝通、參與課外活動同校內委員會；小學多數實行班主任制，一位老師要兼顧多個科目。 制度方面：教師須按《教育條例》向教育局註冊（分檢定教員同准用教員），資助學校常額學位教師須持有認可學位及教育師資培訓（例如教育學士，或學位加教育文憑）；語文教師另須符合語文能力要求。實際要求以教育局同校方公布為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/primary-school-teacher ## 海關關員 / Customs Officer Customs officers are a rank-and-file disciplined service post handling cargo and passenger examination, anti-smuggling, intellectual property and consumer protection enforcement; entry requires fitness and Basic Law and National Security Law tests. Daily work covers examining cargo and passenger baggage at boundary points, the airport and container terminals, checking import and export declarations, enforcing intellectual property and consumer protection law, and joining operations against illicit cigarettes, drugs and endangered species smuggling. Entry follows the Customs and Excise Department's recruitment notices: officers usually need specified HKDSE subject results, a fitness test, interviews and language proficiency, while civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022 also require a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Recruits train at the Customs College and work shifts. 日常工作包括喺口岸、機場同貨櫃碼頭查驗貨物同旅客行李、審核出入口報關文件、執行保護知識產權（例如冒牌貨）同保障消費者嘅法例，亦會參與打擊私煙、毒品同瀕危物種走私嘅行動。 入職要求以香港海關公布嘅招聘公告為準：關員一般要求中學文憑試指定科目達標、通過體能測驗同面試、符合語文要求；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。入職後到海關學院受訓，工作須輪班。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/customs-officer ## 導遊 / Tour Guide Tour guides lead visitors around Hong Kong and manage the itinerary; guiding is a regulated activity, requiring a guide licence from the Travel Industry Authority and compliance with the trade code. Daily work includes leading the group to the itinerary, explaining the history and culture of sites, arranging transport and meals, looking after group members' needs and safety, handling incidents such as weather changes or illness, and coordinating with the driver, tour leader and travel agent. On regulation, guides and tour escorts must be licensed by the Travel Industry Authority under the Travel Industry Ordinance, with licence categories and terms subject to training, examination and renewal requirements; licensed guides must also follow the trade code, including rules on shopping and optional tours. Actual requirements are as published by the authority. 日常工作包括按行程帶團、講解景點歷史文化、處理交通同餐飲安排、照顧團員需要同安全、應對突發事件（例如天氣變化、團員不適），亦要同司機、領隊同旅行社協調。 規管方面：香港嘅導遊同領隊須按《旅遊業條例》向旅遊業監管局申領牌照，牌照有類別同年期，並要符合培訓、考試同續期要求；持牌導遊亦要遵守行業守則，購物同自費項目安排須符合規定。實際要求以旅遊業監管局公布為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/tour-guide ## 獸醫護士 / Veterinary Nurse Veterinary nurses assist with consultations, surgery and inpatient care in clinics and animal hospitals. Hong Kong has no statutory registration for veterinary nurses; the trade relies on employer training and course qualifications. Daily work includes greeting and handling animals, weighing them and taking temperatures, assisting with blood sampling and imaging, preparing and sterilising surgical instruments, monitoring anaesthesia, feeding and cleaning hospitalised animals, dispensing medicines and explaining them to owners, as well as appointments and records. On regulation, Hong Kong has no statutory registration for veterinary or animal nurses, unlike nursing or physiotherapy which have boards; the trade builds skills through employer training, overseas qualifications or local animal care courses, and some clinics use the title veterinary technician with specific requirements. 日常工作包括接待同安撫動物、量度體重同體溫、協助抽血同影像檢查、準備同消毒手術器械、監察麻醉、照顧住院動物嘅餵食同清潔、配藥同向主人解釋用藥方法，亦要處理預約同病歷紀錄。 制度方面：香港目前冇獸醫護士或動物護士嘅法定註冊，唔似護士、物理治療師有管理局發牌；業界主要靠僱主在職培訓、海外認證課程或本地動物護理課程累積能力，部分診所用「獸醫技術員」職銜並要求特定資歷。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/veterinary-nurse ## 資訊科技支援技術員 / IT Support Technician IT support technicians provide day-to-day support for computers, networks and systems: installation, configuration, troubleshooting and user help, as the front line of in-house technology. Daily work includes installing and configuring computers, peripherals and software, managing accounts and permissions, troubleshooting network or system problems, logging and following up support tickets, helping with backup and restore, and supporting mobile devices and video conferencing equipment; incidents must be escalated promptly, and some posts involve shifts or standby. Entry usually means a diploma or sub-degree in IT, with Windows and macOS knowledge, networking basics and some server familiarity; vendor certifications such as Microsoft, Cisco or CompTIA help. On the job you learn internal procedures, data privacy and cybersecurity requirements. 日常工作包括安裝同設定電腦、周邊設備同軟件、處理帳戶同權限、排查網絡或系統問題、記錄同跟進支援工單、協助備份同還原資料、跟進行動裝置同視像會議設備；緊急事故要即時通報同上報，部分職位要輪班或候命。 入職要求：一般要求中專或大專程度（資訊科技相關較有利），具備 Windows／macOS、網絡基礎同基本伺服器知識；行業認可證書（例如微軟、思科或 CompTIA 等）對求職有幫助。入職後要學識內部程序、資料私隱同網絡安全要求。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/it-support-technician ## 保險代理 / Insurance Agent Insurance agents must be licensed: an individual needs a licence from the Insurance Authority and must be appointed by a licensed insurance agency before carrying out regulated activities. Daily work includes meeting clients to explain products such as life, medical, accident and travel cover, helping complete applications and verify information, following up underwriting outcomes and claims, and handling renewals and servicing, all within the sales process covering financial needs analysis, risk disclosure and the cooling-off period. On regulation, insurance is governed by the Insurance Ordinance, with individual licences issued by the Insurance Authority for agents and brokers; licensees must meet academic, training and examination requirements and keep up continuing professional development, and selling investment-linked products needs additional qualifications. Details are as published by the authority. 日常工作包括約見客戶講解產品（例如人壽、醫療、意外、旅遊保）、協助填寫投保文件同核實資料、跟進核保結果同索償、處理續保同客戶服務；亦要遵守銷售流程，例如財務需要分析、風險披露同冷靜期安排。 制度方面：保險業受《保險業條例》規管，個人牌照由保險業監管局發出（分代理同經紀），須符合學歷、培訓同考試要求並持續進修；銷售投資相連產品另要符合相關資格要求。實際要求以保監局公布為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/insurance-agent ## 空中服務員 / Flight Attendant Flight attendants are responsible for passenger safety and cabin service; entry requires the airline's selection process, a medical check and safety training, plus language, reach and customer service requirements. Daily work includes pre-flight briefings and safety checks, cabin checks for take-off and landing, meal and duty-free service, dealing with passenger needs and incidents such as illness or cabin events, plus the safety demonstration and carrying out the captain's instructions. Entry follows each airline's recruitment notices: secondary education or above, good Chinese and English with other languages an advantage, a medical check and reach requirements, and willingness to stand for long periods and work rotational flying. Training runs several weeks, covering emergency evacuation, first aid and aircraft types, and must be passed before flying. 日常工作包括登機前簡報同安全檢查、起飛同降落階段檢查客艙、派餐同免稅品、處理乘客需要同突發情況（例如乘客不適或機艙事故），亦要做安全示範同執行機長指示。 入職要求以各航空公司招聘公告為準：一般要求中學或以上程度、良好中英文（懂得其他語言有利）、通過體檢同可及範圍要求、能接受長時間站立同輪班飛行；入職後接受數星期安全同服務訓練（包括緊急撤離、急救同機型訓練）並通過考核先可以執勤。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/air-hostess ## 持牌小販 / Licensed Hawker Licensed hawkers trade under a hawker licence issued by the FEHD; the licence category, location, hours and goods are all specified, and unlicensed hawking is not permitted. Daily work includes buying and transporting stock, setting up and closing down at the designated place and time, serving customers and taking payment, and keeping the stall and its surroundings clean; food sold must meet hygiene requirements. Rain, heat and typhoons affect trade, and unsold stock and storage are the hawker's own problem. On regulation, hawking is governed by the Hawker Regulations and related law, with licences issued by the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department restricting goods, location and hours by category; licence conditions such as no transfer and no unauthorised expansion must be observed, and breaches are prosecuted. In recent years no new itinerant hawker licences have been issued, so details follow the department's announcements. 日常工作包括備貨同運送、按指定位置同時間開檔收檔、招呼客人同收錢、保持攤位及周邊清潔；售賣食物嘅要遵守食物衞生規定。落雨、炎熱同颱風前後都會影響生意，貨尾同存放安排要自己處理。 制度方面：小販活動受《小販規例》同相關法例規管，牌照由食物環境衞生署發出，並按類別限制擺賣貨品、地點同時間；持牌人要遵守牌照條件（例如不得轉讓、不得擅自擴張範圍），違規會被檢控。近年政府唔再簽發新嘅流動小販牌照，實際安排以食環署公布為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/licensed-hawker ## 圖書館助理 / Library Assistant Library assistants handle lending, shelving and reader services in public, school or institutional libraries; public library posts are mostly government or contract roles and involve shifts. Daily work includes lending and renewing at the counter, issuing reader cards and handling fines, classifying and shelving stock, processing new books with labels and covers, helping with stocktaking and withdrawals, supporting reading promotion activities and helping readers use computers and electronic resources. Entry follows the employer's notices, such as non-civil-service contract posts or outsourced contracts at LCSD public libraries: secondary education or above, good Chinese and English and basic computer skills are usual, with a library or information management diploma and relevant experience preferred. Public library posts involve shifts including evenings and weekends. 日常工作包括櫃檯借還同續借、處理讀者證同罰款、圖書分類同排架、新書加工（貼標籤、包書）、協助館藏盤點同註銷、支援閱讀推廣活動，以及協助讀者使用電腦同電子資源。 入職要求以僱主招聘公告為準（例如康文署公共圖書館嘅非公務員合約職位或外判合約）：一般要求中學或以上程度、良好中英文、基本電腦操作；具備圖書館學或資訊管理文憑及相關經驗者優先。公共圖書館職位須輪班，包括晚間同週末。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/library-assistant ## 藥劑銷售代表 / Pharmaceutical Sales Representative Pharmaceutical sales representatives present medicines to doctors, pharmacies and hospitals and follow up supply; the work is subject to promotion restrictions under the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance and cannot replace medical advice. Daily work includes arranging meetings with doctors or pharmacies, presenting a product's indications and clinical information, following up orders and stock, helping arrange scientific meetings and exhibitions, and recording visits and market feedback. On regulation, promotion of prescription medicines is restricted by the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance and related codes: representatives may not advertise prescription medicines to the public or give medical advice. Employers normally provide product and compliance training, with the detailed requirements as published by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board and in professional codes. 日常工作包括安排同醫生或藥房會面、介紹產品嘅適應症同臨床資料、跟進訂單同庫存、協助安排學術講座同展覽，亦要記錄拜訪同市場反應。 規管方面：處方藥物嘅推廣受《藥劑業及毒藥條例》同相關守則限制，代表唔可以向公眾宣傳處方藥或提供醫療建議；僱主一般會提供產品知識同合規訓練，實際守則要求以藥劑業及毒藥管理局同相關專業守則為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pharmaceutical-sales ## 電器維修技師 / Electrical Technician An electrical appliance repair technician inspects and repairs household and commercial appliances, which does not always touch fixed installations. Any change to socket outlets, circuits or distribution boards must go to a registered electrical worker. The work covers diagnosing faults in washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners and dehumidifiers, replacing parts, checking circuit boards and motors, servicing and safety testing, either on site or at a repair centre for drop-in units. The key is the boundary: swapping appliance parts is usually not fixed installation work, but anything touching socket outlets, fixed wiring or a distribution board falls under the Electricity Ordinance and must be handled by a registered electrical worker or contractor. Most people start as apprentices or repair assistants, study a Vocational Training Council electrical or electronic course and work towards registration. 日常工作包括診斷洗衣機、雪櫃、冷氣機、抽濕機等故障，換零件、檢查電路板同摩打，做保養同安全測試，可能上門服務或喺維修中心處理寄修。 最重要係認清界線：換電器零件通常唔屬「固定電力裝置工程」，但如果涉及插座、固定線路或者配電箱改動，就屬《電力條例》下要由註冊電業工程人員或承辦商處理嘅工程。入行多由學徒或維修助理做起，讀職業訓練局電機／電子課程，逐步考取註冊資格。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/electrician ## 銀行櫃檯員 / Bank Teller Bank tellers handle cash, transfers, cheques and customer enquiries; they follow strict internal procedures and anti-money-laundering rules and balance the till at close of business. Daily work includes receiving and paying cash, handling deposits, withdrawals and transfers, exchanging foreign currency, processing cheques and remittance instructions, helping customers open accounts and update details, and referring bank products such as cards and insurance; each day ends with balancing the till and resolving discrepancies. Entry usually needs secondary education or above, with some banks asking for a sub-degree, plus basic computer skills and good Chinese and English. Training covers cash handling, anti-money laundering and know-your-customer requirements, with periodic assessments, and some branches open on Saturday, so shifts apply. 日常工作包括收付現金、處理存款提款同轉帳、兌換外幣、處理支票同匯款指示、協助客戶開戶同更新資料、轉介銀行產品（例如信用卡同保險）；每日收市要對帳同處理差異。 入職要求：一般要求中學或以上程度（部分銀行要求大專程度），具備基本電腦操作同良好中英文；入職後接受現金處理、反洗錢（AML）同客戶身份識別（KYC）訓練，並會定期考核。部分分行星期六營業，要輪班。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/bank-teller ## 海員 / Seafarer Seafarers work on ocean-going or local vessels in deck, engine and catering departments; qualifications are issued by the Marine Department under international conventions, and promotion follows sea service. The deck department covers watchkeeping, lookout, ropes and deck maintenance; the engine department maintains machinery, electrical systems and pumps; the catering department runs food and accommodation. Contracts usually run for months, work is rotational, time away from home is long and conditions depend on the weather. On regulation, seafarer qualifications are overseen by the Marine Department, requiring convention-based training and certificates of competency, valid seafarer identity documents and medical certificates. Before joining a ship you must meet the owner's and flag state's requirements and complete courses such as basic safety training. 甲板部門做航行值班、瞭望、纜索同甲板保養；輪機部門做機械、電力同泵房維護；管事部門負責膳食同起居。工作一般以合約為單位，可能幾個月至一年，長期離家、輪更，工作環境受天氣影響。 制度方面：海員資歷受海事處監管，須按國際公約完成指定培訓同取得適任證書，並持有有效嘅海員身份文件同體格證明；上船前要符合船東同船旗國要求，亦要完成基本安全訓練等指定課程。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/seafarers ## 巴士車長 / Bus Captain Bus captains drive passenger routes and are responsible for passenger safety; they need a valid commercial vehicle driving licence and operator training, and the job means shifts and long periods of concentration. Daily work includes checking the bus before departure, covering tyres, lights, doors and emergency equipment, carrying passengers on route and to timetable, handling boarding, alighting and fares, reporting faults and incidents, cleaning up at the end of a shift and handing over, all while dealing with congestion, weather and passenger incidents. Entry requires a valid public bus or related commercial vehicle driving licence, depending on the operator, with some companies running licensing schemes for new drivers, plus a medical check, driving assessment and vetting. Franchised bus, non-franchised bus and minibus requirements differ, so actual conditions follow the operator's recruitment notices. 日常工作包括出車前檢查車輛（輪胎、燈號、車門、緊急設備）、按路線同時間表載客、處理乘客上落同票務、報告故障同事故、收車後清潔同交更，亦要應對路面擠塞、天氣同乘客事故。 入職要求：須持有效嘅公共巴士或相關商用車輛駕駛執照（按營運商要求，部分公司提供考牌計劃培訓新人），通過體檢、駕駛考核同背景審查；專營巴士、非專營巴士同小巴嘅要求唔同，實際條件以營運商招聘公告為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/bus-captain ## 郵差 / Postman Postmen deliver letters, small packets and parcels and handle registered and signed-for mail; entry requires a fitness test, with actual conditions as advertised by Hongkong Post. Daily work covers delivering mail on a route, handling registered and signed-for items, recording delivery results and moving mail bags by trolley or motorcycle, with some posts sorting and sequencing at a sorting centre. Peak seasons such as Christmas bring much heavier volumes. Entry follows Hongkong Post's recruitment advertisements: secondary education, a fitness test covering bag handling and basic Chinese and English literacy, with a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test for civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022. The job involves walking outdoors, standing for long periods and working a route independently. 日常工作包括按路線派遞郵件、處理掛號同簽收、記錄派遞結果、用手推車或電單車運送郵袋；部分崗位喺分揀中心分信同編排路線，旺季（例如聖誕）工作量特別大。 入職要求以郵政署公布嘅招聘廣告為準：一般要求中學程度、通過涉及搬運郵袋嘅體能測驗、具備基本中英文讀寫能力；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。工作要戶外走動、長時間站立同按路線獨立處理。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/postman ## 牙醫 / Dentist Dentists must be registered in Hong Kong: registration is handled by the Dental Council of Hong Kong and you may only practise once registered, with separate assessment arrangements for non-local qualifications. The scope of practice includes examination and diagnosis, scaling, fillings, root canal treatment, extractions, dentures and orthodontics; some procedures, such as oral surgery or sedation, require further training or referral to a specialist. The statutory framework sits under the Dentists Registration Ordinance, with the Dental Council handling registration, professional conduct and discipline; the local route is a recognised dental degree plus the required internship, while non-local graduates go through the Council's assessment or examination arrangements. After registration, dentists must maintain their practising status, for example through continuing professional development, and observe the professional code. 牙醫嘅工作範圍包括檢查同診斷、洗牙、補牙、根管治療、脫牙、假牙同矯正等；部分程序（例如口腔手術、鎮靜麻醉）需要額外訓練或轉介專科。 法定架構方面：《牙醫註冊條例》下由牙醫管理委員會處理註冊、專業操守同紀律事宜；本地路徑通常係完成認可牙醫學位同實習要求，非本地畢業生要經委員會嘅評核或考試安排。註冊後仍要維持執業資格，例如完成持續專業發展同遵守專業守則。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/dentist ## 港鐵司機 / MTR Driver MTR train captains operate trains safely; entry involves the operator's selection, a medical check and professional training, with operating qualifications required before driving solo. Daily work includes checking the train before service, driving to signals and timetable, dealing with door and passenger incidents, making announcements, communicating with the control centre, and following procedures and helping passengers evacuate if there is an incident; some routes involve shifts and overnight work. Entry follows MTR's recruitment notices: secondary education is usual, with a medical check covering vision and hearing, written tests and interviews, followed by several months of training and supervised driving before assessment for solo operation. Railway safety rules and standard procedures are strictly enforced. 日常工作包括出車前檢查列車、按信號同時刻表駕駛、處理車門同乘客事故、做車廂廣播同與控制中心通訊、遇有事故按程序處理同協助乘客疏散；部分路線要輪班同通宵工作。 入職要求以港鐵公司招聘公告為準：一般要求中學程度、通過體檢（包括視力同聽覺）、筆試同面試，入職後接受為期數月嘅訓練同跟車實習並通過考核先可以獨立駕駛。工作要嚴格遵守鐵路安全規則同標準程序。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/mtr-driver ## 酒店房務員 / Hotel Housekeeper Hotel housekeepers clean guest rooms and handle linen and supplies; the work demands standards and speed, on shifts and through check-out peaks. Daily work includes cleaning rooms to standard, changing linen, cleaning bathrooms, vacuuming and restocking, responding to guest requests for supplies, reporting damage or lost property and helping with trolleys and linen runs, alongside daily tidy-ups and periodic deep cleans. Entry has no academic threshold: employers look for cleaning standards, stamina and service attitude, and some hotels ask for basic English or Putonghua with guests. Training covers cleaning standards, chemical safety and guest privacy, plus using the housekeeping system to update room status. 日常工作包括按清潔標準整理客房（換床單、清潔浴室、吸塵、補充用品）、回應客人用品要求、報告房間損壞或失物、協助推車同布草運送；亦要按酒店標準做日常整理同大掃除。 入職要求：一般冇學歷門檻，僱主重視整潔標準、體力同服務態度；部分酒店要求基本英語或普通話應對客人。入職後接受清潔標準、化學品安全同客人私隱訓練，亦要學識用酒店嘅房務系統申報房間狀況。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/hotel-housekeeper ## 物理治療師 / Physiotherapist Physiotherapists must register: registration in Hong Kong is handled by the Physiotherapists Board, and practising or using the title without registration is not allowed. The work covers assessing patients' mobility and pain, designing and teaching exercise programmes, manual therapy and physical modalities, recording progress and teaching self-management, serving everyone from inpatients and athletes to older adults and children. The statutory framework sits under the Supplementary Medical Professions Ordinance, with the Physiotherapists Board handling registration and discipline, and a valid practising certificate required to work. The route is a recognised physiotherapy degree plus the clinical placement requirements, then registration with the Board, and continuing professional development is needed to keep the qualification. 工作包括評估病人嘅活動能力同痛症、設計同指導運動治療、用手法治療同物理因子治療，記錄進度同教病人自我管理；服務對象由住院病人、運動員到長者同兒童。 法定架構方面：《輔助醫療業條例》下由物理治療師管理委員會處理註冊同紀律，執業須持有效執業證明書。入行路徑係完成認可物理治療學位並符合臨床實習要求，再向委員會註冊；持續專業發展亦係維持資格嘅要求。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/physiotherapist ## 小巴司機 / Minibus Driver Minibus drivers carry passengers on public light buses; green minibuses run fixed routes and fares while red minibuses are more flexible, and both are regulated by the Transport Department. Daily work includes checking the vehicle, covering tyres, lights, doors and fire extinguishers, carrying passengers on the route or as needed, collecting fares and giving change, and reporting faults and incidents. Because the cabin is small and stops are frequent, drivers must watch passenger safety and traffic closely. On regulation, public light buses are subject to a vehicle cap and a passenger service licence regime, with green minibuses running fixed routes, frequencies and fares; drivers must hold the relevant licence and meet the department's requirements. Terms differ between employed drivers, those renting a vehicle and owner-drivers, as arranged with the operator. 日常工作包括檢查車輛（輪胎、燈號、車門、滅火器）、按路線或按乘客需要載客、收費同找續、報告故障同事故；小巴車廂空間細、上落頻繁，駕駛要特別留意乘客安全同路面情況。 制度方面：公共小型巴士有車輛數目上限同客運營業證制度，專線小巴按指定路線、班次同收費運作；司機要考取相關駕駛執照並符合運輸署要求。受僱、租車同車主司機嘅條件唔同，實際安排以僱主或營運者為準。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/minibus-driver ## 入境事務主任 / Immigration Officer Immigration officers are an officer-grade disciplined service post handling immigration control, visas and identity documents; entry requires fitness, language and Basic Law and National Security Law tests, as advertised by the department. Daily work covers passenger clearance at the airport, land boundary and ferry terminals, assessing visa and extension applications, investigating forged documents and overstayers, carrying out removal operations, and postings in intelligence, prosecution or policy support. Entry requirements are those in the Immigration Department's recruitment advertisements: usually a degree or sub-degree, a fitness test, interviews and Chinese and English language proficiency, while civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022 also require a pass in the Basic Law and National Security Law Test. Recruits train at the Immigration Service Institute and work shifts at control points. 日常工作包括喺機場、口岸同碼頭做旅客檢查、審核簽證同延期申請、調查偽造證件同逾期居留個案、執行遣送行動，亦可能調派到情報、檢控或政策支援組別。 入職要求以入境事務處公布嘅招聘廣告為準：一般要求學位或副學位程度、通過體能測驗同面試、符合中英文語文要求；由 2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位，亦須在《基本法及香港國安法》測試取得及格。入職後到入境事務學院受訓，工作須輪班同喺管制站執勤。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/immigration-officer ## 貨櫃車司機 / Container Truck Driver Container truck drivers haul containers between terminals, warehouses and sites; they need the relevant heavy goods or articulated vehicle licence, and some cargoes carry extra legal requirements. Daily work includes pre-trip checks on the tractor, trailer, tyres and brakes, collecting and delivering containers at terminals or warehouses as directed, handling documents and seals, following the route and logging mileage, all while dealing with terminal queues, weather and traffic. Entry requires a valid heavy goods or articulated vehicle licence depending on the vehicle, and some employers ask for relevant experience, a clean driving record and a medical check; dangerous goods and special cargoes bring further legal requirements. Actual conditions follow the employer's notices, and many drivers are self-employed or work with a vehicle owner. 日常工作包括出車前檢查（車頭、拖架、輪胎、制動）、按指示到碼頭或貨倉提取同交收貨櫃、處理交收文件同封條、按路線送貨同記錄里程；亦要應對碼頭排隊、天氣同交通情況。 入職要求：須持有效嘅重型貨車或掛接式車輛駕駛執照（視車型而定），部分僱主要求相關經驗、良好駕駛紀錄同體檢；運載危險品或特殊貨物另受法例規管。實際條件以僱主招聘公告為準，好多司機係自僱或跟車主合作。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/truck-driver ## 裝修木工 / Renovation Carpenter A renovation carpenter builds ceilings, floors, doors, furniture and partitions, which calls for hand skill and on-the-spot judgement. There is no statutory licence, but a Construction Industry Council trade test is the recognised credential in the trade. Carpentry covers suspended ceilings and light troughs, timber or composite flooring, doors and frames, built-in cabinets and custom furniture, partitions and finishing. Site work has to be adjusted to the drawings and the actual dimensions, with tolerances measured in millimetres, so operating power tools such as saws, drills and routers safely is a basic requirement. Carpenters also coordinate with other trades: wall and floor levels, lighting and socket positions, door hinges and skirting joints usually have to wait until tiling and electrical work are done, which makes scheduling and trade etiquette important. 木工工序包括做假天花同燈槽、鋪木地板或複合地板、安裝木門同門框、砌櫃同訂造傢俬、做間隔同飾面。現場要按圖則同實際尺寸調整，量度誤差以毫米計，所以工具（電鋸、電鑽、修邊機）操作同安全防護係基本要求。 木工亦要同其他工序協調：牆身同地板嘅水平、燈位同插蘇位置、門鉸同地腳線收口，通常要等泥水同水電做完先可以埋位，所以時間安排同行業默契好重要。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/renovation-carpenter ## 懲教署職員 / Correctional Services Officer Correctional Services officers are a disciplined service responsible for custody, order in institutions and rehabilitation; entry usually starts at Correctional Services Assistant II, with fitness tests, interviews and vetting. Daily work covers guarding persons in custody, roll calls, searching institutions and property, maintaining order, escorting prisoners to court or hospital, enforcing institutional rules and supporting rehabilitation programmes, with some posts in youth institutions, training centres, drug rehabilitation centres or mental health facilities. Entry follows the Correctional Services Department's recruitment notices: Assistant II usually needs secondary education with specified HKDSE results, a fitness test, a vision requirement, interviews and vetting, plus a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022. Recruits train at the Correctional Services Department Staff Training Institute and work shifts, nights and standby duties. 日常工作包括看守在囚人士、點名、巡查院所同搜查物品、維持秩序、押解在囚人士出庭或到醫院，以及執行院所規則同協助更生計劃；部分崗位喺青少年院所、教導所、戒毒所或精神健康設施工作。 入職要求以懲教署公布嘅招聘公告為準：二級懲教助理一般要求中學程度（文憑試指定科目達標）、通過體能測驗同視力要求、面試同背景審查；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。入職後到懲教署職員訓練院受訓，工作須輪班、夜更同候命。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/correctional-officer ## 獸醫 / Veterinarian Veterinarians must be registered in Hong Kong: registration is handled by the Veterinary Surgeons Board of Hong Kong, and no one may use the title or practise without it. The work covers diagnosing and treating animal diseases, surgery, vaccination and parasite control, neutering, dentistry and imaging; some veterinarians specialise in farm animals, racehorse medicine, or the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department's quarantine and public health work. The statutory framework sits under the Veterinary Surgeons Registration Ordinance, with the Board handling registration and discipline. There is no local veterinary degree, so most study abroad and then register with the Board; running a pet shop, operating a clinic or using controlled medicines brings in other legislation as well. 工作包括診斷同治療動物疾病、做手術、疫苗同驅蟲、絕育、牙科同影像檢查；亦有獸醫專做農場動物、賽馬醫療、漁農自然護理署嘅檢疫同公共衞生工作。 法定架構方面：受《獸醫註冊條例》規管，獸醫管理局處理註冊同紀律。本地冇獸醫學位課程，入行多數到海外升學，畢業後向管理局註冊；如從事動物售賣、診所營運或使用受管制藥物，另要符合相關法例。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/veterinarian ## 鋁窗師傅 / Aluminium Window Technician Aluminium window technicians inspect, repair and replace windows. Because of the risk of windows falling, the mandatory window inspection scheme and the minor works regime impose statutory requirements on the work. The work covers checking hinges, screws, rivets and gaskets, tightening or replacing loose components, replacing glass and sealant and dealing with water seepage, as well as fitting aluminium windows, sliding doors and railings to order. The statutory side has to be sorted out: once an owner receives a statutory notice under the mandatory window inspection scheme, a qualified person must inspect and any repair work must be carried out by a registered minor works contractor; several window-related items fall within the minor works regime under the Buildings Ordinance and must be reported. Technicians therefore have to classify the works correctly rather than simply replacing anything loose. 日常工作包括檢查窗鉸、螺絲、拉釘同膠邊，收緊或更換鬆脫組件，換玻璃同防水膠，處理窗邊滲水；亦會按訂單安裝鋁窗、趟門同欄河。 法定要求要分清楚：業主收到強制驗窗計劃嘅法定通知後，要委任合資格人士檢驗，需要修葺就由註冊小型工程承建商進行；若干涉及窗嘅工程屬《建築物條例》下嘅小型工程項目，要按規定呈報。所以師傅要識分辨工程類別，唔可以「見鬆就換」。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/aluminium-window-technician ## 酒店前台接待員 / Hotel Receptionist Front desk receptionists handle check-in and check-out, bookings and guest enquiries; they are the face of the hotel and work shifts including overnight. Daily work includes check-in and check-out, handling and amending bookings, charging and settling accounts, answering enquiries and complaints, arranging luggage and transport and recording special requests such as accessible or connecting rooms, and sometimes dealing with overbooking or emergencies such as fire evacuation notices. Entry usually needs secondary education or above, good Chinese and English with other languages an advantage, and familiarity with property management systems preferred. Training covers systems, service standards and safety, and the role requires shifts, overnight and holiday work. 日常工作包括辦理入住同退房、處理訂房同更改、收費同結帳、回應客人查詢同投訴、安排行李同交通、記錄特別要求（例如無障礙房或相連房）；亦可能要處理超額訂房或緊急事故（例如火警疏散通知）。 入職要求：一般要求中學或以上程度、良好中英文（懂得其他語言有利）、懂酒店管理系統者優先；入職後接受系統操作、服務標準同安全訓練，並要能接受輪班、通宵同假日工作。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/hotel-receptionist ## 路政署維修工程師 / Highways Department Maintenance Engineer Highways Department maintenance engineers belong to the government engineer grade and handle road and roadside asset upkeep, maintenance contracts and emergency repairs; entry normally requires a relevant degree and professional engineer status. Daily work covers inspecting roads and roadside assets such as bridges, tunnel approaches, footbridges and associated slopes, vetting contractors' maintenance work, handling emergency repairs after surface failures and traffic accidents, following up complaints about uneven surfaces or standing water, and coordinating temporary traffic arrangements. Entry follows government recruitment notices: engineer posts normally require a relevant engineering degree with practical training, plus corporate membership of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers or registered professional engineer status, or equivalent, and civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022 require a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass. 日常工作包括巡視道路同道路設施（橋樑、隧道入口、行人天橋、相關斜坡設施）、審核承辦商嘅維修工程、處理路面破損同交通意外後嘅緊急維修、跟進投訴（例如路面不平、積水），亦要協調臨時交通安排。 入職要求以政府職位招聘公告為準：工程師職位一般要求相關工程學位同見習訓練，並取得香港工程師學會正式會員或註冊專業工程師資格（或同等資歷）；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/highways-engineer ## 渡輪船長 / Ferry Captain Ferry captains are responsible for navigation and passenger safety; they hold a certificate of competency issued by the Marine Department, at a level set by vessel size, power and trading area. Daily work includes pre-departure checks on the main engine, steering gear and life-saving and fire-fighting equipment, navigating to route and timetable, berthing, keeping order and safety while passengers board and alight, dividing duties among the crew, keeping the log, and following procedures in bad weather or incidents. On regulation, seafarer qualifications in Hong Kong are overseen by the Marine Department under international conventions and local law: captains must obtain the relevant certificate of competency and meet medical, sea service and training requirements, and renew and maintain their certificates afterwards. 日常工作包括開航前檢查主機、舵機、救生同消防設備，按航線同時間表航行、埋泊碼頭，上下客時維持秩序同安全，與船員分工並記錄航海日誌，遇有惡劣天氣或事故要按程序處理。 制度方面：香港船員資歷由海事處按國際公約同本地法例監管，船長要考取相應嘅適任證書，並符合體格、海上服務年資同培訓要求；持證後仍要按規定更新同維持資格。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/ferry-captain ## 裝修油漆工 / Renovation Painter A renovation painter applies paint and finishes to walls, timber and metal through scraping, filling, sanding, priming and top coats. There is no statutory licence; the trade runs on hand skill and recognised credentials. Painting looks simple but depends on preparation: stripping old paint, filling cracks, skimming, sanding, sealing and then top coats, with each layer dried before the next, so schedules are tied to weather and humidity. Several hazards need managing: ventilation and protection when using paint and thinners, work at height on scaffolds, ladders or gondolas, and dust, which makes respirators, gloves and safe procedures essential. Most people start as an apprentice or painter's helper, learning preparation, filling and spraying on the job. 油漆睇落簡單，實際講求底層處理：鏟走舊漆、補裂縫、批灰、打磨、上底漆（封固）再上面漆，每層要乾透先做得下一層，所以工期同天氣、濕度關係好大。 風險要管理嘅有幾樣：溶劑同油漆嘅通風同防護、高空工作（棚架、梯、吊船）同粉塵，呼吸器、手套同安全工作程序係必要裝備。入行多由學徒或油漆助手做起，跟師傅學鏟底批灰同噴塗。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/painter ## 珠寶銷售員 / Jewelry Sales Associate Jewellery sales associates sell in jewellery shops or brand boutiques; they must know gold fineness, diamond grading and after-sales terms, and peak seasons bring long hours. Daily work includes greeting customers and understanding their needs in budget, purpose and style, presenting products and explaining materials such as gold fineness, karat gold and the four Cs of diamonds, handling payment and after-sales services like resizing, cleaning and repair, stocktaking, display upkeep and security; wedding and festive seasons are the busiest. Entry usually needs secondary education or above with a service mindset and basic English or Putonghua, since many customers are visitors. Product knowledge is central: some companies train in house and professional bodies offer jewellery courses. Sales staff must explain certificates, fineness and return terms clearly to avoid misleading customers. 日常工作包括接待客人同了解需求（預算、用途、款式）、介紹產品同解釋材質（黃金成色、K金、鑽石 4C：克拉、淨度、顏色、切工）、處理付款同售後（改圈、清洗、維修）、點貨同盤點、維持陳列同保安；婚嫁同節日期間特別忙。 入行要求：一般要求中學或以上程度，具備良好服務態度同基本英語或普通話（旅客客源多）；行內重視產品知識，部分公司安排內部培訓，亦有專業機構提供珠寶首飾課程。銷售員要清楚講解產品證書、成色同退換條款，避免誤導。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/jewelry-sales-associate ## 消防處救護員 / Fire Services Department Ambulanceman Ambulancemen are a rank-and-file Fire Services Department post providing pre-hospital care and transport to hospital; entry requires fitness and vision tests and a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass, as advertised. Daily work covers turning out on calls, assessing patients on scene, giving pre-hospital care such as resuscitation and bleeding control, taking patients to hospital and handing over; some posts cover communications and dispatch, vehicle upkeep or first aid training, and staff may respond to major incidents and chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear events. Entry follows the department's recruitment notices: secondary education is usual, with fitness and vision tests, interviews and vetting, plus a Basic Law and National Security Law Test pass for civil service posts advertised from 1 July 2022. Recruits train at the Fire and Ambulance Services Academy and work shifts including nights. 日常工作包括接獲召喚後出車、現場評估傷病者、施行心肺復甦同止血包紮等院前急救、將病人送院並向醫院交接；部分崗位做通訊調派、救護車保養或急救訓練，亦可能參與大型事故同化生輻核事故應變。 入職要求以消防處公布嘅招聘公告為準：一般要求中學程度、通過體能測驗同視力要求、面試同背景審查；2022 年 7 月 1 日起刊登嘅公務員職位須通過《基本法及香港國安法》測試。入職後到消防及救護學院受訓，工作須輪班同應付夜更。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/fire-department-ambulanceman ## 註冊中藥師 / Registered Chinese Medicine Pharmacist Chinese medicine dispensers identify and dispense herbs in dispensaries, clinics and manufacturers. Hong Kong has no single registered Chinese medicine pharmacist licence, but Chinese medicine trading is regulated by the Chinese Medicine Ordinance: traders must be licensed and proprietary medicines registered. Daily work covers dispensing to prescriptions by weighing and packing, identifying and checking herb quality, managing stock and storage conditions against damp, insects and heat, keeping stock records, and explaining decoction and dosage to customers. On regulation, the Chinese Medicine Ordinance requires retailers, wholesalers and proprietary medicine manufacturers to be licensed by the Chinese Medicines Board of the Chinese Medicine Council, proprietary medicines must be registered, and the sale of certain toxic or potent herbs is restricted. Clinical Chinese medicine is provided by registered Chinese medicine practitioners, with dispensing carried out on their instructions. 日常工作包括按處方配劑（秤藥、分包）、辨認同檢查中藥材品質、管理中藥庫存同儲存條件（防潮、防蟲、溫度）、記錄進出貨，亦要向顧客講解煎藥同服用方法。 規管方面：《中醫藥條例》下，中藥材零售商、批發商同中成藥製造商須向中醫藥管理委員會中藥組領牌，中成藥要註冊，某些毒性或烈性中藥材嘅銷售有限制。診所嘅中醫藥服務由註冊中醫提供，配劑工作按中醫指示進行。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/registered-chinese-medicine-pharmacist ## 水電維修師傅 / Plumber & Electrician The plumber-electrician role in property maintenance actually spans two statutory qualifications: water works need a licensed plumber, electrical work needs a registered electrical worker, and neither substitutes for the other. Day-to-day property maintenance covers replacing taps and flexibles, clearing blockages, checking and repairing pumps and tanks, changing light fittings, checking socket outlets and switches, dealing with tripped circuits and leaks, plus simple records and reporting to the management office. The key is knowing which items you may handle yourself and which must go to a licence holder: specified water supply works need a licensed plumber, and installing, maintaining or altering fixed electrical installations needs a registered electrical worker. In practice property managers assign statutory items to licence holders while general technicians inspect, clean, replace parts and report. 住宅同物業維修嘅日常工作係：換水龍頭同軟管、通渠、檢查同維修水泵水箱、換燈具、檢查插座同電掣、處理跳掣同滲漏，亦要做簡單紀錄同向管理處匯報。 關鍵係清楚邊啲工序可以自己做、邊啲一定要交畀持牌人：指定供水系統工程要由持牌水喉匠進行；固定電力裝置嘅安裝、維修或改動要由註冊電業工程人員進行。實務上物業管理公司會安排持牌人處理法定工序，一般技工做檢查、清潔、換件同匯報。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/plumber-electrician ## 化妝品銷售員 / Cosmetics Sales Associate Cosmetics sales associates sell skincare and make-up in boutiques or department store counters, offering testers and skin advice; product knowledge, selling skill and service matter most. Daily work includes greeting customers and understanding needs in skin type, budget and purpose, presenting and testing products, giving skincare or make-up advice, handling payment and membership sign-up, restocking and tidying displays, and keeping the counter hygienic with testers properly managed; festive promotions and tourist peaks mean campaign work and overtime. Entry usually needs secondary education with a service mindset and basic English or Putonghua, since many customers are visitors, and employers provide product and brand training. Staff must avoid medical or efficacy claims, and product labelling and ingredient claims must follow the relevant law and codes. Beauty-related and Qualifications Framework courses are also available in the trade. 日常工作包括接待客人同了解需要（膚質、預算、用途）、介紹同試用產品、提供護膚或化妝建議、處理付款同會員登記、補貨同整理陳列、維持櫃檯衛生同試用裝管理；節日促銷同旅遊旺季要配合推廣活動同加班。 入行要求：一般要求中學程度，具備良好服務態度同基本英語或普通話（旅客客源多），僱主會提供產品同品牌訓練；要留意唔可以作醫療或療效宣稱，產品標籤同成分聲稱須符合相關法例同守則。行內亦有美容相關課程同資歷架構認可課程。 Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/cosmetics-sales-associate ## 醫務化驗師 / Medical laboratory technologist Tests patient samples such as blood, urine and tissue in hospitals, clinics and private laboratories, and issues results that support diagnosis and treatment. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/medical-laboratory-technologist ## 放射技師 / Radiographer Operates X-ray, CT, MRI and other imaging equipment to produce diagnostic images, while those in radiotherapy departments help with positioning and treatment delivery. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/radiographer ## 職業治療師 / Occupational therapist Helps people whose daily functioning is affected by illness or injury to manage self-care, work and study again through training, assistive devices and environmental modification. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/occupational-therapist ## 視光師 / Optometrist Carries out eye examinations, refraction, spectacle and contact lens fitting, and screens for conditions such as glaucoma or retinal disease before referring to an ophthalmologist. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/optometrist ## 助產士 / Midwife Cares for pregnant women and newborn babies before, during and after birth, covering antenatal checks, delivery, breastfeeding support and newborn assessment. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/midwife ## 牙齒衞生員 / Dental hygienist Under a dentist, scales and polishes teeth, removes calculus, applies fluoride and gives oral health education, and helps check gum condition. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/dental-hygienist ## 牙科技術員 / Dental technician Works in a dental laboratory making crowns, bridges, dentures and orthodontic appliances to the instructions of a dentist, mainly by building plaster models, waxing up, casting and polishing. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/dental-technician ## 義肢矯形師 / Prosthetist-orthotist Assesses, designs and fits prostheses, orthoses, insoles and braces for amputees, orthopaedic patients and children with limb differences, then follows up on fit, comfort and skin condition. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/prosthetist-orthotist ## 足病診療師 / Podiatrist Treats foot problems such as calluses, corns, ingrown nails and foot wounds, and screens people with diabetes for foot complications. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/podiatrist ## 聽力學家 / Audiologist Runs hearing tests and middle ear assessments, fits and adjusts hearing aids, screens infants for hearing loss, and explains results and communication strategies to patients and families. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/audiologist ## 營養師 / Dietitian Designs diets for conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease or swallowing difficulty, carries out nutritional assessment and counselling, and plans menus for care homes, schools or sports teams. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/dietitian ## 臨床心理學家 / Clinical psychologist Uses standardised tools to assess mood, cognition and behaviour, provides psychological treatment such as cognitive behavioural therapy, and writes reports recommending rehabilitation or intervention plans. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/clinical-psychologist ## 教育心理學家 / Educational psychologist Assesses children for learning, emotional and behavioural needs, works with teachers and parents on support plans, and helps schools design adjustments and handle crises. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/educational-psychologist ## 言語治療師 / Speech therapist Assesses and treats communication, language, voice and swallowing problems, working with everyone from toddlers with developmental delay to older adults after a stroke, alongside doctors, nurses, teachers and parents. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/speech-therapist ## 保健員 / Health worker (care home) Provides daily care for residents in a care home: feeding, lifting and transferring, taking vital signs, simple wound care and helping with medication. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/health-worker ## 院舍照顧員 / Care home attendant Supports daily living in a residential home. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/care-home-attendant ## 家居照顧員 / Home care worker Visits older adults or people in rehabilitation at home to give personal care, household help, escort them to appointments and lead simple exercises, and reports home risks such as falls or lack of care to the social worker or nurse. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/home-care-worker ## 診所助理 / Clinic assistant Handles registration, queueing, billing, appointments and medical records in a clinic, and assists in the consultation room with preparing instruments, disinfection and simple checks. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/clinic-assistant ## 抽血員 / Phlebotomist Collects blood samples from patients in clinics, hospitals or donation centres, labels and dispatches specimens, and handles immediate reactions such as fainting. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/phlebotomist ## 物理治療助理 / Physiotherapy assistant Under a physiotherapist, guides patients through exercises, operates heat or electrical therapy equipment, prepares the treatment area and records progress. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/physiotherapy-assistant ## 職業治療助理 / Occupational therapy assistant Helps an occupational therapist prepare training equipment, supervises patients during self-practice, makes simple assistive devices and records information about a home environment. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/occupational-therapy-assistant ## 病歷紀錄主任 / Medical records officer Manages patient records and clinical coding. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/medical-records-officer ## 中藥配劑員 / Chinese medicine dispenser Dispenses Chinese herbal prescriptions. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/chinese-medicine-dispenser ## 殮房技術員 / Mortuary technician Receives and identifies bodies at a hospital mortuary, arranges storage, assists forensic or pathology procedures, and coordinates with families, police and funeral operators. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/mortuary-technician ## 跌打師傅 / Bone-setting practitioner Treats sprains, soft tissue injuries and joint pain with manual therapy, manipulation and topical remedies, sometimes with acupuncture. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/bone-setter ## 獸醫助理 / Veterinary assistant Reception duties, record keeping and animal restraint during examinations and dressing changes in a veterinary clinic, plus cleaning the surgery, sterilising instruments and caring for in-patients. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/vet-assistant ## 寵物美容師 / Pet groomer Baths, clips, nail trims, ear cleaning and brushing for cats and dogs, while watching for skin disease, parasites or lumps and advising the owner to see a vet. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pet-groomer ## 寵物訓練員 / Pet trainer Uses positive reinforcement to teach basic obedience, loose-lead walking, socialisation and to reduce behaviour problems such as barking, separation anxiety or jumping up. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pet-trainer ## 遛狗員 / Dog walker Walks dogs on a set schedule, cleans up after them, keeps notes on the route and reports back on mood and appetite that day. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/dog-walker ## 寵物保姆 / Pet sitter Feeds, refreshes water, cleans litter trays or cages, plays with and medicates pets while owners travel or work, sending photo or video updates on schedule. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pet-sitter ## 寵物營養師 / Pet nutritionist Designs diets for cats and dogs with conditions such as kidney disease, food allergy or obesity, working out energy and nutrient ratios and reviewing progress together with the vet. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pet-nutritionist ## 寵物物理治療師 / Animal physiotherapist Rehabilitates animals after surgery or with joint disease through hydrotherapy, massage, passive joint movement and home exercise plans, recording changes in mobility. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pet-physiotherapist ## 寵物善終服務員 / Pet funeral attendant Collects deceased pets, arranges cold storage, cleans and prepares the body, conducts a simple farewell, then handles cremation or burial and returns the ashes as the owner wishes. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pet-funeral-attendant ## 寵物攝影師 / Pet photographer Shoots pet portraits, family photos and owner-and-pet interaction, handling sets, lighting, coaxing expressions and post-production retouching. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pet-photographer ## 寵物救護車司機 / Pet ambulance driver Transports sick or injured animals to and from clinics and hospitals, providing basic restraint, warmth and monitoring en route and liaising with the clinic to prepare for arrival. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pet-ambulance-driver ## 水族館飼養員 / Aquarium keeper Looks after aquarium tanks. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/aquarium-keeper ## 動物園飼養員 / Zookeeper Handles daily care of exhibit animals. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/zookeeper ## 導盲犬訓練員 / Guide dog trainer Trains guide and assistance dogs from basic obedience to real street work, assesses the needs of the handler, matches dog to handler and follows up with home visits. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/guide-dog-trainer ## 釘蹄師 / Farrier Trims hooves, fits and removes shoes, treats hoof injuries and assesses gait, holding the limb safely and working alongside vets and trainers. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/farrier ## 馬房助理 / Stable hand Covers the daily routine of a racing or riding stable. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/stable-hand ## 騎師 / Jockey Rides horses in races, does barrier trials beforehand, studies race conditions and horse form, reports to the trainer afterwards, and trains physically every morning. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/jockey ## 督察 / Police Inspector Leads a squad on patrol, handles cases and commands the scene, conducts investigations, arrests and prosecution paperwork, explains procedure to the public, and manages squad training and discipline. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/police-inspector ## 海關督察 / Customs Inspector Enforces import and export controls, anti-smuggling duties, intellectual property protection and consumer protection, covering cargo examination, intelligence work, arrests and prosecutions. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/customs-inspector ## 入境事務助理員 / Immigration Assistant Performs immigration clearance at control points, checks travel documents, answers traveller enquiries, and processes visas, identity cards and residence applications in offices. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/immigration-assistant ## 勞工事務主任 / Labour Officer Enforces labour legislation. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/labour-officer ## 貿易主任 / Trade Officer Administers external trade controls. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/trade-officer ## 統計師 / Statistical Officer Designs and runs statistical surveys, analyses data, compiles official statistical reports, and advises other departments on statistical methods and data quality. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/statistical-officer ## 房屋事務主任 / Housing Officer Manages public housing estates. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/housing-officer ## 科學主任（香港天文台） / Scientific Officer (Hong Kong Observatory) Analyses weather and issues forecasts and warning signals, operates radar and satellite systems, and provides climate, radiation and marine meteorological services. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/meteorological-officer ## 政府化驗師 / Government Chemist Carries out laboratory analysis for law enforcement and regulatory departments, such as food, drug, environmental, toxicology and forensic samples, writes reports and gives expert evidence in court. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/government-chemist ## 政府獸醫 / Government Veterinarian Carries out animal health and welfare work. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/government-veterinarian ## 政府飛行服務隊機師 / Government Flying Service Pilot Flies search and rescue, air ambulance, police support and flying service missions over hills, sea and city, often in poor weather and at night. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/gfs-pilot ## 政府飛行服務隊飛機技術員 / Government Flying Service Aircraft Technician Carries out daily inspections, maintenance, refuelling and fault finding on helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft so that rescue missions can launch at any time. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/gfs-aircraft-technician ## 民安隊隊員 / Civil Aid Service member Supports the regular services during typhoons, landslides and fires with rescue, evacuation and crowd management duties, training and serving on a part-time basis in normal times. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/civil-aid-service-member ## 醫療輔助隊隊員 / Auxiliary Medical Service member Runs first aid posts and provides ambulance support at major events and assists public health work during outbreaks or disasters, as a part-time uniformed service. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/auxiliary-medical-service-member ## 法庭傳譯主任 / Court Interpreter Interprets simultaneously in court and judicial proceedings, mainly between Chinese and English but also other languages and dialects, and translates legal documents and evidence. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/court-interpreter ## 法庭速記主任 / Court Reporter Produces verbatim records in court, prepares transcripts and verifies recordings so that the record of proceedings is accurate and usable. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/court-reporter ## 執達主任 / Bailiff Enforces court orders. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/bailiff ## 企業內部法律顧問 / In-house counsel Handles contract review, regulatory compliance, commercial negotiation and pre-litigation disputes inside a company, and coordinates external lawyers while advising management on legal risk. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/in-house-counsel ## 法律行政人員 / Legal executive Supports solicitors in a law firm. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/legal-executive ## 法律草擬人員 / Law drafter Drafts bills, subsidiary legislation and amendments for the government, making sure the language is consistent, free of gaps and constitutionally sound, and supports the legislative process. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/law-drafter ## 公證人 / Notary public Notarises documents, certifies the identity of signatories, witnesses oaths and prepares notarial instruments, mainly for individuals and companies who need Hong Kong documents used overseas. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/notary-public ## 專利代理人 / Patent agent Searches patent records for inventors, drafts and files patent applications, answers examination reports, and handles trade mark and design registrations. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/patent-agent ## 調解員 / Mediator Helps disputing parties negotiate as a neutral, running mediation sessions, clarifying the issues and helping draft a settlement, in family, employment, commercial and community cases. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/mediator ## 仲裁員 / Arbitrator Hears commercial disputes under an arbitration agreement, runs hearings and issues a binding award, and deals with enforcement and procedural matters. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/arbitrator ## 物業轉易文員 / Conveyancing clerk Handles the paperwork of property sales and mortgages. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/conveyancing-clerk ## 會計師 / Accountant Handles bookkeeping, month-end and year-end closing, financial statements and tax filings, and also budgeting, cost analysis and internal controls. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/accountant ## 審計師 / Auditor Examines client accounts and internal controls, designs audit procedures, tests samples, assesses risk and writes audit reports, with a pronounced busy season around year-end. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/auditor ## 稅務顧問 / Tax adviser Computes tax for individuals and companies, files returns, handles Inland Revenue queries and objections, and advises on tax structuring for cross-border deals and group structures. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/tax-adviser ## 公司秘書 / Company secretary Maintains statutory company records. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/company-secretary ## 精算師 / Actuary Uses statistical and financial models to assess long-term risk such as insurance pricing, pension funding and solvency, and explains model assumptions and results to management. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/actuary ## 核保師 / Underwriter Assesses the risk in insurance applications such as occupation, health, claims history and sum insured, decides whether to accept, load or add conditions, and explains the decision to agents and clients. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/underwriter ## 保險公證及理算師 / Claims adjuster Inspects losses on site such as flooding, fire, traffic accidents or construction incidents, assesses the extent and value of damage, checks policy terms and writes adjustment reports. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/claims-adjuster ## 保險經紀 / Insurance broker Acts for the client rather than the insurer: comparing market options, placing cover and helping with claims. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/insurance-broker ## 強積金中介人 / MPF intermediary Explains MPF arrangements to employers and employees, compares funds and fees, helps open accounts and transfer accrued benefits, and must be registered with the regulator before selling. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/mpf-intermediary ## 財務策劃師 / Financial planner Works with clients to map assets, income, insurance and retirement goals, then designs and reviews a financial plan. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/financial-planner ## 基金經理 / Fund manager Runs a fund portfolio. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/fund-manager ## 證券交易代表 / Securities dealer Takes client orders to buy and sell shares, bonds and funds, provides market information and executes trades, following sales procedures and know-your-client requirements. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/securities-dealer ## 合規主任 / Compliance officer Keeps the firm within the law and regulatory guidance. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/compliance-officer ## 風險管理師 / Risk manager Identifies and quantifies market, credit and operational risk, sets limits, monitors indicators and runs stress tests, and reports to management and the board. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/risk-manager ## 投資分析師 / Investment analyst Researches listed companies and industries, builds financial models, values businesses and writes research, making buy or sell recommendations to fund managers or clients. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/investment-analyst ## 法證會計師 / Forensic accountant Investigates accounting fraud, money flows and financial disputes, assembles evidence and reports, and gives expert evidence in court or arbitration. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/forensic-accountant ## ESG 分析師 / ESG analyst Assesses companies on environmental, social and governance performance and disclosure quality, writes ratings and reports, and helps firms improve climate risk disclosure and data collection. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/esg-analyst ## 土木工程師 / Civil engineer Designs and supervises roads, bridges, tunnels, drainage and slope works, carrying out structural calculations and ground assessments, coordinating contractors and checking construction quality. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/civil-engineer ## 結構工程師 / Structural engineer Calculates loads and stability for buildings and structures, designs beams, columns, foundations and wind or seismic resistance, and checks construction drawings and site work. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/structural-engineer ## 岩土工程師 / Geotechnical engineer Studies soil and rock behaviour to design foundations, retaining walls, piling and slope protection, and assesses landslide and groundwater risk. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/geotechnical-engineer ## 機械工程師 / Mechanical engineer Designs and tests mechanical systems such as lifts, pumps, fans, production lines and refrigeration plant, working out energy use, selecting materials and planning maintenance. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/mechanical-engineer ## 電機工程師 / Electrical engineer Designs power supply, distribution, lighting and motor control systems, doing load calculations, protection settings, testing and commissioning, and troubleshooting faults. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/electrical-engineer ## 電子工程師 / Electronic engineer Designs circuit boards and embedded electronic systems, covering schematic design, prototype testing, electromagnetic compatibility assessment and transfer to mass production. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/electronic-engineer ## 屋宇裝備工程師 / Building services engineer Coordinates the mechanical and electrical services of a building. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/building-services-engineer ## 環境工程師 / Environmental engineer Designs sewage treatment, air pollution control and waste treatment facilities, runs technical analysis for environmental assessments, and monitors emissions and improvement works. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/environmental-engineer ## 化學工程師 / Chemical engineer Scales laboratory processes up to production. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/chemical-engineer ## 船隻輪機工程師 / Marine engineer Operates and maintains a ship main engine, generators, pumps and boilers, standing watch, troubleshooting and carrying out safety checks, living on board on long voyages. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/marine-engineer ## 生物醫學工程師 / Biomedical engineer Introduces and maintains medical equipment for hospitals and laboratories. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/biomedical-engineer ## 建築師 / Architect Designs buildings and spaces, coordinates the drawing set, handles submissions and approvals, works with structural, services and construction teams, and supervises design during construction. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/architect ## 園境師 / Landscape architect Plans and designs parks, podium gardens, street planting and public spaces, covering planting design, drainage and circulation analysis, and follows through on planting and maintenance. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/landscape-architect ## 建築測量師 / Building surveyor Carries out building condition surveys, repair and alteration plans, safety inspections and compliance reviews, and handles water seepage, unauthorised building works and repair disputes. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/building-surveyor ## 工料測量師 / Quantity surveyor Measures quantities, prepares tender documents and budgets, assesses variations and claims, and settles the final account at completion. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/quantity-surveyor ## 土地測量師 / Land surveyor Runs boundary, topographic and setting-out surveys, handles land registration plans and boundary disputes, and increasingly uses satellite positioning and drone surveying. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/land-surveyor ## 產業測量師 / Valuation surveyor Values property by analysing transactions, rents and market trends and writing valuation reports for sale, mortgage, tax and litigation purposes. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/valuation-surveyor ## 城市規劃師 / Town planner Researches land use and prepares plans, assesses traffic and population impact, processes planning applications and public consultation, and balances development with conservation. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/town-planner ## 建築資訊模型（BIM）統籌員 / BIM coordinator Integrates architectural, structural and services models in 3D, checks clashes, produces construction drawings and quantities, and maintains model versions and standards. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/bim-coordinator ## 能源審核員 / Energy auditor Measures energy use in buildings and plants, identifies waste, recommends efficiency measures and payback, and verifies savings after implementation. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/energy-auditor ## 升降機及自動梯技工 / Lift and escalator technician Installs, maintains and repairs lifts and escalators. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/lift-technician ## 消防裝置技術員 / Fire service installation technician Installs and maintains fire service installations such as sprinklers, hose reels, alarms, extinguishers and smoke doors, carrying out periodic inspection, testing and certification. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/fire-service-installation-technician ## 註冊氣體裝置技工 / Registered gas installer Installs and repairs domestic and commercial gas appliances and pipework. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/gas-installer ## 製冷及空調技工 / Refrigeration and air-conditioning technician Repairs refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/refrigeration-technician ## 棚架工 / Scaffolder Erects and dismantles bamboo and metal scaffolding. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/scaffolder ## 紮鐵工 / Bar bender and fixer Cuts and bends reinforcement steel to drawings and ties it into beam, column and slab cages, keeping cover thickness and position correct for the concrete pour. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/bar-bender ## 釘板及模板工 / Formworker Builds and installs timber or system formwork for slabs, beams, columns and walls, checking dimensions, plumbing and tight joints, then striking the formwork after the pour. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/formworker ## 泥水瓦仔工 / Tiler Lays wall and floor tiles, marble and mosaic. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/tiler ## 防水工程工人 / Waterproofing worker Applies waterproofing on facades, roofs, bathrooms and basements. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/waterproofing-worker ## 起重機械操作員 / Crane operator Operates tower cranes, mobile cranes or lorry cranes to lift materials and precast units, following signalers and checking ropes, limit switches and outriggers daily. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/crane-operator ## 隧道工程工人 / Tunnel worker Installs support, shotcrete, segment lining and drainage inside drill-and-blast or boring tunnels, working in confined, dusty and noisy conditions under strict safety procedures. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/tunnel-worker ## 地盤管工 / Site supervisor Allocates daily work and labour, checks workmanship and safety measures, records progress and material use, coordinates subcontractors and solves problems on site. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/site-supervisor ## 註冊安全主任 / Registered safety officer Draws up safety plans for projects or plants, inspects high-risk operations, investigates accidents, runs safety training and reports risk to management. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/safety-officer ## 註冊安全督導員 / Registered safety supervisor Carries out daily frontline safety inspections, checks personal protective equipment and temporary works, corrects unsafe behaviour and logs follow-up actions. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/safety-supervisor ## 工程監督 / Clerk of works Supervises contractors on site for the employer. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/clerk-of-works ## 鋼結構安裝工 / Steel erector Erects and aligns steel columns, beams and trusses, installing temporary supports, bolting, welding or tensioning high-strength bolts, often at height. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/steel-erector ## 太陽能系統安裝技工 / Solar panel installer Installs solar panels and mounting structures on roofs or ground, runs cabling, connects inverters and monitoring systems, and carries out testing and cleaning. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/solar-panel-technician ## 駕駛教師 / Driving instructor Teaches private car, light goods vehicle or motorcycle driving on the training ground and on road, explains traffic rules and test requirements, and is responsible for vehicle safety and learner nerves. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/driving-instructor ## 網約車司機 / Ride-hailing driver Takes bookings through a mobile platform and carries passengers, arranging vehicle upkeep, insurance and working hours. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/ride-hailing-driver ## 外賣送餐員 / Food delivery rider Picks up orders from restaurants on a platform instruction and delivers to customers, choosing the route and the vehicle (bicycle, motorcycle or on foot), with earnings mostly tied to the number of deliveries. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/delivery-rider ## 電車車長 / Tram driver Drives double-decker trams along the Hong Kong Island routes, controlling speed and stops, watching the track and overhead wires, and handling passenger boarding and incidents. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/tram-driver ## 輕鐵車長 / Light rail driver Drives light rail vehicles to the timetable, watching the roadway and level crossings, making announcements, handling incidents on board and following control centre instructions. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/light-rail-driver ## 汽車維修技師 / Vehicle mechanic Inspects and repairs car engines, transmissions, brakes, suspension and electrical systems, reading fault codes with diagnostic tools, road testing, quoting and carrying out scheduled servicing. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/vehicle-mechanic ## 電動車維修技師 / Electric vehicle technician Repairs high-voltage systems in electric vehicles. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/ev-technician ## 驗車員 / Vehicle examiner Inspects brakes, lighting, emissions and body structure at a testing centre against legal requirements, records results and issues a pass certificate. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/vehicle-examiner ## 倉務員 / Warehouse worker Receives, stores, picks, packs and dispatches goods, using barcode scanning and warehouse systems, and keeping stock sorted and safely stacked. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/warehouse-worker ## 叉式起重車操作員 / Forklift operator Operates a forklift to move palletised and heavy loads, checking hydraulics and brakes daily and respecting load limits and pedestrian separation. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/forklift-operator ## 物流規劃員 / Logistics planner Plans transport routes and delivery windows, schedules vehicles and labour, monitors cost and on-time performance, and handles delays and last-minute changes. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/logistics-planner ## 供應鏈經理 / Supply chain manager Coordinates the whole flow from sourcing and production to delivery. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/supply-chain-manager ## 採購主任 / Procurement officer Buys goods and services for an organisation. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/procurement-officer ## 貨運代理 / Freight forwarder Arranges sea, air and land shipments for clients. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/freight-forwarder ## 報關代理 / Customs broker Prepares and lodges import and export declarations for cargo owners, works out charges, handles inspections and coordinates customs requirements, with knowledge of classification and origin rules. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/customs-broker ## 船務文員 / Shipping clerk Handles shipping documents such as bills of lading, packing lists and certificates of origin, arranges delivery, tracks vessel schedules and liaises with carriers, forwarders and clients. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/shipping-clerk ## 貨櫃碼頭吊機操作員 / Container terminal crane operator Operates gantry or bridge cranes to move containers between vessels and the yard, following signals and system instructions and observing wind limits. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/port-crane-operator ## 民航機師 / Airline pilot Flies scheduled services, taking charge of take-off, cruise, landing and any weather or mechanical irregularity, with pre-flight briefing, fuel calculation and aircraft checks. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/airline-pilot ## 直升機機師 / Helicopter pilot Carries out lifting, aerial filming, powerline patrol or private charter missions, landing in confined sites and requiring precise control and constant weather judgement. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/helicopter-pilot ## 飛行簽派員 / Flight dispatcher Shares responsibility with the captain for the flight plan. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/flight-dispatcher ## 裝載控制員 / Aircraft load controller Works out aircraft weight and balance, plans where cargo, baggage and mail go, and prepares load documents so that aircraft type limits are respected. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/aircraft-load-controller ## 飛機維修學徒 / Aircraft maintenance apprentice Learns under supervision at an approved maintenance organisation. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/aircraft-maintenance-apprentice ## 停機坪服務員 / Airport ramp services agent Handles baggage loading, water servicing, aircraft towing and boarding bridge or ground equipment on the apron, following apron safety and aircraft protection rules. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/airport-ramp-services ## 機場保安員 / Airport security officer Screens passengers and baggage, checks documents, patrols restricted areas and handles prohibited items in the terminal and airside, requiring a security personnel permit. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/airport-security-officer ## 空運貨站操作員 / Air cargo terminal operator Receives, weighs, palletises and despatches cargo at an air cargo terminal, handles temperature-controlled shipments and processes air waybills and customs data. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/air-cargo-officer ## 領港員（引水人） / Marine pilot Boards vessels entering Hong Kong waters and directs anchoring, navigation and berthing using knowledge of channels, tides and depths to keep the port safe. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/marine-pilot ## 本地船長 / Local vessel captain Commands a local vessel, taking charge of navigational safety, crew allocation, weather judgement and emergencies, and must hold a local certificate of competency issued by the Marine Department. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/local-vessel-captain ## 商業潛水員 / Commercial diver Performs underwater engineering tasks such as inspecting and repairing piers, hulls, pipelines and seabed structures, using scuba or surface-supplied equipment and following decompression tables. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/commercial-diver ## 農夫 / Farmer Grows vegetables, fruit or rice on a farm. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/farmer ## 有機農夫 / Organic farmer Farms to organic standards. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/organic-farmer ## 水耕技術員 / Hydroponic technician Grows crops in nutrient solution or inert media. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/hydroponic-technician ## 垂直農場技術員 / Vertical farm technician Runs automated racks in indoor multi-layer farms. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/vertical-farm-technician ## 養蜂人 / Beekeeper Manages hives: checking colony health, controlling mites, splitting colonies and harvesting honey, while working with the nectar season and weather. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/beekeeper ## 菇菌種植員 / Mushroom grower Prepares substrate, inoculates spawn, controls temperature, humidity and airflow, and harvests and grades mushrooms, keeping contamination strictly out. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/mushroom-grower ## 園藝師 / Horticulturist Plans and manages planting in gardens and estates. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/horticulturist ## 樹藝師 / Arborist Assesses tree health and structural risk, recommends pruning or removal, supervises tree works and writes reports, with risk surveys before the typhoon season. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/arborist ## 攀樹師 / Tree climber Climbs trees on ropes and harness to prune, remove dead limbs and install cables, working with cranes on high-risk tree operations. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/tree-climber ## 草坪管理員 / Turf manager Maintains sports turf or park lawns. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/turf-manager ## 養魚戶 / Fish farmer Cultivates fish in rafts or ponds. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/fish-farmer ## 蠔農 / Oyster farmer Cultivates oysters in shallow waters. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/oyster-farmer ## 漁民 / Fisher Fishes at sea or works on fishing grounds. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/fisher ## 食用昆蟲養殖員 / Edible insect farmer Farms edible insects such as crickets and mealworms. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/edible-insect-farmer ## 園藝治療師 / Horticultural therapist Uses planting and gardening activities as an intervention. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/horticultural-therapist ## 點心師傅 / Dim sum chef Makes har gow, siu mai, buns and rice rolls. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/dim-sum-chef ## 燒味師傅 / Siu mei chef Prepares roast meats. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/siu-mei-chef ## 壽司師傅 / Sushi chef Prepares sashimi and sushi. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/sushi-chef ## 糕餅師傅 / Pastry chef Makes cakes, tarts, mousses and festive pastries. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pastry-chef ## 麵包師傅 / Baker Takes dough through mixing, fermentation, dividing, shaping and baking, controlling temperature and proving times, often starting work at night or before dawn for a morning bake. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/baker ## 朱古力師傅 / Chocolatier Tempers chocolate, makes bonbons and moulded pieces, controls crystallisation and storage temperature, and designs seasonal gift boxes and flavour pairings. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/chocolatier ## 港式奶茶師傅 / Hong Kong milk tea master Blends tea leaves and brews through a cloth strainer to make Hong Kong style milk tea, controlling strength and the milk and sugar ratio, alongside other drinks from the drinks counter. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/milk-tea-master ## 麵食師傅 / Noodle maker Makes and cooks noodles. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/noodle-maker ## 豆腐師傅 / Tofu maker Soaks beans, grinds and boils the slurry, coagulates and presses to make tofu, tofu pudding and beancurd skin, controlling setting time and firmness. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/tofu-maker ## 肉類分割員 / Butcher Breaks down pork, beef, lamb and poultry into cuts, boning, trimming and mincing to specification under hygiene rules, and advising customers on cooking. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/butcher ## 廚房幫工 / Kitchen helper Handles kitchen support work. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/kitchen-helper ## 樓面部長 / Restaurant supervisor Rosters and allocates floor duties, seats guests and handles complaints, monitors food and service standards, and helps with closing the till and the shop. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/restaurant-supervisor ## 餐廳經理 / Restaurant manager Runs the restaurant as a whole. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/restaurant-manager ## 調酒師 / Bartender Mixes cocktails and other drinks, manages bar stock and cost, remembers guest preferences and keeps up speed and safety during busy service. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/bartender ## 侍酒師 / Sommelier Builds the wine list, buys and stores wine at the right temperature, advises guests on pairing, handles decanting and service, and trains the floor team. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/sommelier ## 品茶師 / Tea sommelier Identifies tea by origin, vintage and roast level, sets brewing parameters, explains flavours and pairings to guests, and manages tea storage. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/tea-sommelier ## 咖啡烘焙師 / Coffee roaster Designs roast profiles, operates the roaster, cups and scores results and adjusts recipes, while managing green bean stock and resting time. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/coffee-roaster ## 食物造型師 / Food stylist Prepares food for advertising, menus and video. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/food-stylist ## 食物安全主任 / Food safety officer Runs food safety systems in a catering group or food factory. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/food-safety-officer ## 精釀啤酒釀酒師 / Craft brewer Designs recipes and runs mashing, fermentation and conditioning, controlling yeast and water quality, cleaning lines and bottling, and logging batch data for consistency. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/craft-brewer ## 大牌檔廚師 / Dai pai dong cook Cooks stir-fried dishes and noodles over fierce flame at an open-air food stall, working several woks at once with an emphasis on heat, wok aroma and speed. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/dai-pai-dong-cook ## 禮賓司 / Concierge Arranges transport, restaurant bookings, tickets and local itineraries for hotel guests, handles special requests and complaints, and keeps up with what is happening in the city. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/concierge ## 客戶關係主任 / Guest relations officer Looks after VIP and repeat guests, follows up on their stay, handles complaints, arranges birthday or anniversary touches and feeds comments back to management. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/guest-relations-officer ## 私人管家 / Butler Provides personalised service to residents or guests. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/butler ## 前堂經理 / Front office manager Runs the front office. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/front-office-manager ## 酒店收益管理經理 / Hotel revenue manager Adjusts room rates and inventory using historical data and market demand, forecasts occupancy, watches competitors and shapes promotional strategy. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/revenue-manager ## 婚禮統籌師 / Wedding planner Runs a wedding from concept to the day itself. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/wedding-planner ## 領隊 / Tour escort Leads outbound tours. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/tour-escort ## 票務及訂位員 / Airline ticketing and reservation officer Handles flight bookings, changes and refunds, works out fares and baggage rules, and helps travellers with schedule changes and connections. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/airline-ticketing-officer ## 機動遊戲操作員 / Theme park ride operator Operates amusement rides. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/theme-park-operator ## 主題公園表演員 / Theme park performer Plays characters and joins parades. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/theme-park-performer ## 郵輪船員 / Cruise ship crew Works in reception, food and beverage, entertainment or housekeeping on board a cruise ship, on rosters set by sailing and port calls, living on board for the length of the contract. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/cruise-crew ## 宴會統籌員 / Banquet coordinator Coordinates hotel banquet events. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/banquet-coordinator ## 陳列設計師 / Visual merchandiser Designs store and window displays. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/visual-merchandiser ## 零售採購買手 / Retail buyer Decides what to buy. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/retail-buyer ## 製衣採購員 / Merchandiser Follows garment orders from sample to shipment. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/merchandiser ## 網店營運專員 / E-commerce operator Runs the day-to-day of an online shop. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/e-commerce-operator ## 直播帶貨主播 / Live commerce host Presents and demonstrates products on a livestream, answers viewers, drives orders and works with the promotion rhythm, after learning the products and preparing a script. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/live-commerce-host ## 客戶服務主任 / Customer service officer Handles enquiries and complaints by phone, email or at the counter. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/customer-service-officer ## 店長 / Store manager Runs overall store performance. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/store-manager ## 鐘錶銷售員 / Watch sales associate Sells watches and explains movements, materials and servicing, arranges repairs and warranty matters, and builds long-term client relationships. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/watch-sales ## 二手買賣從業員 / Second-hand trader Buys and resells second-hand goods. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/second-hand-trader ## 拍賣師 / Auctioneer Runs auction sales. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/auctioneer ## 古董商 / Antique dealer Sources and trades antiques. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/antique-dealer ## 典當業從業員 / Pawnbroker Values pledged items and issues loans, processes redemptions and renewals, stores pledges and handles overdue sales, under pawnbroking licence rules. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pawnbroker ## 珠寶鑑定師 / Jewellery gemmologist Identifies gem species, treatments and origins with instruments, grades quality and value, issues certificates and verifies goods for buyers and sellers. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/jewellery-gemmologist ## 物業管理主任 / Property management officer Runs the daily operation of an estate or commercial building. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/property-manager ## 大廈管理員 / Building attendant Stands duty in lobbies and at entrances. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/building-attendant ## 保安控制室操作員 / Security control room operator Monitors multiple CCTV and alarm feeds in the control room, deploys patrol staff, logs incidents and notifies police, fire services or management under procedure. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/security-control-room-operator ## 滅蟲技術員 / Pest control technician Inspects for pests and rodents, applies bait or spray, places traps and writes treatment reports, advising clients on prevention. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pest-control-technician ## 廢物收集員 / Waste collector Collects domestic and commercial waste. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/waste-collector ## 回收工人 / Recycling worker Sorts paper, metal, plastic and electronic waste at collection points or recycling plants, operates balers, records weights and helps explain recycling arrangements. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/recycling-worker ## 園藝工人 / Landscape gardener Maintains plants in estates, parks and roadside areas. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/landscape-gardener ## 繩索技術員（外牆工作） / Rope access technician Works on facades by rope for inspection, repairs, glazing and signage. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/rope-access-technician ## 維修雜工 / Handyman Handles small repairs in a building. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/handyman ## 設施管理經理 / Facility manager Coordinates the operation and upkeep of facilities. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/facility-manager ## 軟件開發工程師 / Software developer Writes and maintains code to requirements, designs data structures and interfaces, writes tests and fixes bugs, and works with product, design and test colleagues to ship releases. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/software-developer ## 前端開發工程師 / Frontend developer Builds web and app interfaces. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/frontend-developer ## 後端開發工程師 / Backend developer Builds server-side logic and APIs, designs databases and caching, handles authentication and permissions, and tunes queries and system throughput. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/backend-developer ## 流動應用程式開發員 / Mobile app developer Builds iOS or Android apps. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/mobile-app-developer ## 嵌入式系統開發員 / Embedded systems developer Writes firmware for instruments and devices. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/embedded-developer ## 維運（DevOps）工程師 / DevOps engineer Builds and maintains automated delivery pipelines. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/devops-engineer ## 雲端架構師 / Cloud architect Designs cloud system architecture. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/cloud-architect ## 資料庫管理員 / Database administrator Runs database operations. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/database-administrator ## 資料工程師 / Data engineer Builds data pipelines and warehouses. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/data-engineer ## 資料科學家 / Data scientist Answers business questions with statistics and models. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/data-scientist ## 機器學習工程師 / Machine learning engineer Takes models from research into production. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/machine-learning-engineer ## 提示工程師 / Prompt engineer Designs and tests prompts and workflows for large language models, sets up evaluation criteria, handles hallucination and safety issues, and defines use cases with business teams. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/prompt-engineer ## 資訊保安分析師 / Information security analyst Monitors security alerts and logs, analyses signs of intrusion, handles incidents and patches vulnerabilities, and enforces password and access policies and staff awareness training. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/security-analyst ## 滲透測試員 / Penetration tester Simulates attacks on systems and applications within an authorised scope, finds exploitable weaknesses, assesses impact and writes remediation reports. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/penetration-tester ## 數碼鑑證調查員 / Digital forensics investigator Preserves and analyses electronic evidence in incidents or cases. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/digital-forensics-investigator ## 網絡工程師 / Network engineer Designs and maintains networks. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/network-engineer ## 產品經理 / Product manager Decides what the product does and in what order. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/product-manager ## 技術文件撰寫員 / Technical writer Turns technical material into documents people can follow. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/technical-writer ## 區塊鏈開發員 / Blockchain developer Develops and maintains blockchain applications and smart contracts, designs token or credential logic, tests and security-reviews them, and handles wallets and node operations. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/blockchain-developer ## 地理資訊系統分析員 / GIS analyst Works with maps and spatial data. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/gis-analyst ## 幼稚園教師 / Kindergarten teacher Cares for and teaches children aged three to six. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/kindergarten-teacher ## 中學教師 / Secondary school teacher Teaches assigned subjects, prepares materials and assessments, marks work and papers, acts as class teacher and supports students with further study and emotional needs. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/secondary-school-teacher ## 特殊教育教師 / Special education teacher Designs individual learning plans for students with special educational needs, adapts materials and assessment, handles behaviour and emotions, and works with parents, social workers and therapists. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/special-education-teacher ## 校長 / School head Leads the whole school. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/school-head ## 學校實驗室技術員 / School laboratory technician Prepares experiments and demonstrations for science lessons, makes up reagents, manages chemical storage and waste disposal, and maintains equipment and laboratory safety. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/school-lab-technician ## 私人補習導師 / Private tutor Teaches a subject one-to-one or in small groups. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/private-tutor ## 線上補習導師 / Online tutor Teaches over video conferencing, using a digital whiteboard and shared materials, recording lessons and marking online homework, while handling network and device problems. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/online-tutor ## 大學講師 / University lecturer Teaches courses and designs curricula, runs tutorials and grading, supervises final year projects, and also carries a research, publication and administrative load. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/university-lecturer ## 博士後研究員 / Postdoctoral fellow Runs an assigned research topic in a professor laboratory or team. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/postdoctoral-fellow ## 研究助理 / Research assistant Supports research projects. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/research-assistant ## 教學設計師 / Instructional designer Turns subject matter into teaching plans. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/instructional-designer ## 幼兒工作員 / Early childhood worker Cares for young children in a day creche or child care service. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/early-childhood-worker ## 記者 / Journalist Covers news, verifies information and interviews people, then writes the story or files video news, working to deadlines and handling sensitive subjects. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/journalist ## 編輯 / Editor Sets the angle and length of stories, assigns reporting, edits copy, guards against factual and legal risk, and coordinates page or broadcast schedules. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/editor ## 新聞攝影記者 / Photojournalist Shoots images at news scenes, works with light and composition, transmits pictures straight back to the desk, and judges ethical and safety risks. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/photojournalist ## 新聞主播 / News anchor Presents news live, reads scripts and reacts to breaking developments, interviews guests, and keeps up with current affairs and clear delivery. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/news-anchor ## 電視節目製作人 / Television producer Runs a programme from idea to broadcast. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/tv-producer ## 電台主持 / Radio host Hosts live or recorded shows. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/radio-host ## 播客主持 / Podcast host Plans episodes and interviews, records and edits, writes show notes and manages publishing platforms, usually also handling promotion and sponsorship. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/podcast-host ## 配音員 / Voice actor Dubs animation, commercials, drama and games. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/voice-actor ## 字幕翻譯員 / Subtitle translator Translates subtitles and dialogue lists. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/subtitle-translator ## 傳譯員 / Interpreter Interprets simultaneously or consecutively at conferences, press events or site visits, preparing the subject and terminology beforehand and managing pace and accuracy. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/interpreter ## 手語傳譯員 / Sign language interpreter Interprets between sign language and spoken language for deaf and hearing people. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/sign-language-interpreter ## 社交媒體經理 / Social media manager Runs brand accounts. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/social-media-manager ## 內容創作者（KOL） / Content creator Produces video or written content continuously on online platforms, choosing the subject and doing the shooting and editing, with income built from advertising, sponsorship or subscriptions. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/content-creator ## 攝影師／錄像師 / Videographer Shoots video for events, advertising or documentaries. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/videographer ## 影片剪接師 / Video editor Cuts footage to a script or brief. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/video-editor ## 收音師 / Sound recordist Records dialogue and ambience on location. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/sound-recordist ## 動畫師 / Animator Creates 2D or 3D animation. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/animator ## 視覺特效師 / Visual effects artist Adds effects to film and video. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/vfx-artist ## 公關主任 / Public relations officer Handles an organisation external communication. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/pr-officer ## 插畫師 / Illustrator Draws illustrations to a brief or text for books, advertising, packaging and online content, keeping style consistent and meeting deadlines. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/illustrator ## 漫畫家 / Comic artist Creates and draws serial comics. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/comic-artist ## 字體設計師 / Type designer Designs Chinese and Latin typefaces and glyphs. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/type-designer ## 時裝設計師 / Fashion designer Designs clothing ranges. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/fashion-designer ## 珠寶設計師 / Jewellery designer Designs jewellery. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/jewellery-designer ## 產品設計師 / Product designer Designs physical products from user needs. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/product-designer ## 室內設計師 / Interior designer Plans interior layouts and finishes. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/interior-designer ## 展覽設計師 / Exhibition designer Designs exhibition and booth spaces. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/exhibition-designer ## 用戶體驗設計師 / UX designer Designs the flow and interface of digital products. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/ux-designer ## 用戶研究員 / UX researcher Plans and runs user research. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/ux-researcher ## 遊戲設計師 / Game designer Designs gameplay and levels. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/game-designer ## 遊戲美術師 / Game artist Produces game art assets. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/game-artist ## 策展人 / Curator Curates exhibitions. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/curator ## 文物修復師 / Conservator Examines and treats artefacts, archives and artworks. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/conservator ## 檔案管理員 / Archivist Manages archives and historical records. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/archivist ## 化妝師 / Make-up artist Applies make-up for weddings, shoots, advertising or stage. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/make-up-artist ## 特效化妝師 / Special effects make-up artist Creates wounds, ageing, creature and silicone prosthetic effects. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/special-effects-makeup-artist ## 美甲師 / Nail technician Shapes and files nails, applies colour, gel or acrylic. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/nail-artist ## 紋身師 / Tattoo artist Designs and executes tattoos or cover-ups. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/tattoo-artist ## 形象顧問 / Image consultant Analyses a client body shape, occasions and work needs, advises on clothing, hair and colour, and accompanies shopping or wardrobe editing. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/image-consultant ## 服裝設計師（演藝） / Costume designer Designs costumes for stage, film or television. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/costume-designer ## 舞台監督 / Stage manager Runs the show. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/stage-manager ## 燈光技術員 / Lighting technician Rigs and operates show lighting. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/lighting-technician ## 音樂製作人 / Music producer Oversees music production. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/music-producer ## 職業運動員 / Professional athlete Trains and competes full time. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/professional-athlete ## 運動教練 / Sports coach Plans training, demonstrates and corrects technique, arranges competition and reviews performance, with attention to athletes physical condition and state of mind. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/sports-coach ## 體能教練 / Strength and conditioning coach Designs strength, power and endurance programmes for athletes, assessing movement, monitoring load, planning return to training and coordinating with physiotherapists. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/strength-conditioning-coach ## 運動裁判 / Sports referee Enforces the rules during competition. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/sports-referee ## 救生員 / Lifeguard Stands duty at a pool or beach. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/lifeguard ## 游泳教練 / Swimming instructor Teaches swimming in groups or one-to-one. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/swimming-instructor ## 山藝教練／行山領隊 / Hiking guide Leads hiking groups. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/hiking-guide ## 攀岩教練 / Climbing instructor Teaches climbing technique and safety. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/climbing-instructor ## 獨木舟教練 / Canoe instructor Teaches paddling technique and capsize recovery, demonstrates rescue procedures, plans sea routes and watches wind, waves and current. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/canoe-instructor ## 瑜伽導師 / Yoga instructor Teaches yoga classes. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/yoga-instructor ## 電競選手 / Esports player Competes in esports events as part of a team or solo. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/esports-player ## 電競教練 / Esports coach Designs tactics and training plans for an esports team, analyses match footage, manages player form and rotations, and coordinates schedules with the manager. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/esports-coach ## 醫務社工 / Medical social worker Helps patients and families with the social consequences of illness in hospital. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/medical-social-worker ## 學校社工 / School social worker Supports students in school. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/school-social-worker ## 青少年工作員 / Youth worker Meets young people in youth centres or outreach work. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/youth-worker ## 復康工作員 / Rehabilitation worker Runs training activities in a rehabilitation service, supporting members with daily living and work skills, recording progress and handling emotions. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/rehabilitation-worker ## 輔導員 / Counsellor Provides individual or group counselling. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/counsellor ## 遊戲治療師 / Play therapist Uses play and toys as a medium to help children express feelings and work through trauma or adjustment problems, and discusses follow-up with parents and schools. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/play-therapist ## 音樂治療師 / Music therapist Uses musical activity as an intervention. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/music-therapist ## 藝術治療師 / Art therapist Uses drawing, clay and other creative activity to help clients express and work through feelings, reading the creative process, building safety and recording intervention goals. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/art-therapist ## 社區組織者 / Community organiser Identifies local issues and organises residents. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/community-organiser ## 陪月員 / Confinement nanny Cares for a new mother and newborn after birth. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/confinement-nanny ## 殯儀禮儀師 / Funeral director Arranges funerals for families. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/funeral-director ## 遺體化妝師 / Funeral cosmetician Cleans, makes up and prepares bodies. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/funeral-cosmetician ## 哀傷輔導員 / Bereavement counsellor Accompanies bereaved people through grief. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/careers/bereavement-counsellor --- # Children’s play rooms ## 石塘咀體育館 / Shek Tong Tsui Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 5/F, Shek Tong Tsui Municipal Services Building, 470 Queen's Road West, Hong Kong. Enquiry: 2858 0541. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/shek-tong-tsui-sports-centre ## 士美非路體育館 / Smithfield Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 4/F, Smithfield Municipal Services Building, 12K Smithfield, Kennedy Town, Hong Kong. Enquiry: 2855 7321. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/smithfield-sports-centre ## 中山紀念公園體育館 / Sun Yat Sen Memorial Park Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 18 Eastern Street North, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong. Enquiry: 2858 2493. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/sun-yat-sen-memorial-park-sports-centre ## 港島東體育館 / Island East Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 52 Lei King Road, Sai Wan Ho, Hong Kong. Enquiry: 2151 4070. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/island-east-sports-centre ## 渣華道體育館 / Java Road Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 4/F, Java Road Municipal Services Building, 99 Java Road, North Point, Hong Kong. Enquiry: 2516 9419. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/java-road-sports-centre ## 小西灣體育館 / Siu Sai Wan Sports Centre Tickets on site: 15 minutes before each session. 2/F, Siu Sai Wan Complex, 15 Siu Sai Wan Road, Hong Kong. Enquiry: 3427 3121. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/siu-sai-wan-sports-centre ## 長洲體育館 / Cheung Chau Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. No.3, Cheung Chau Hospital Road, Cheung Chau. Enquiry: 2981 6285. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/cheung-chau-sports-centre ## 東涌文東路體育館 / Tung Chung Man Tung Road Sports Centre Tickets on site: 10 minutes before each session. 2/F Tung Chung Municipal Services Building, 39 Man Tung Road, Tung Chung, N.T.. Enquiry: 2109 2421. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/tung-chung-man-tung-road-sports-centre ## 何文田體育館 / Ho Man Tin Sports Centre Tickets on site: 15 minutes before each session. No.1 Chung Yee Street, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2762 7837. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/ho-man-tin-sports-centre ## 紅磡市政大廈體育館 / Hung Hom Municipal Services Building Sports Centre Tickets on site: 15 minutes before each session. 5/F., Hung Hom Municipal Services Building, 11 Ma Tau Wai Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2765 0586. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/hung-hom-municipal-services-building-sports-centre ## 青衣西南體育館 / Tsing Yi Southwest Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 70 Chung Mei Road, Tsing Yi, New Territories. Enquiry: 2341 0102. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/tsing-yi-southwest-sports-centre ## 彩榮路體育館 / Choi Wing Road Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 58 Choi Wing Road, Kwun Tong, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2721 5918. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/choi-wing-road-sports-centre ## 藍田(南)體育館 / Lam Tin South Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 170 Pik Wan Road, Lam Tin, Kwun Tong, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2379 9254. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/lam-tin-south-sports-centre ## 鯉魚門體育館 / Lei Yue Mun Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 2/F Lei Yue Mun Municipal Services Building, 6 Lei Yue Mun Path, Yau Tong, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2349 3954. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/lei-yue-mun-sports-centre ## 順利邨體育館 / Shun Lee Tsuen Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. No.33, Shun Lee Tsuen Road, Kwun Tong, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2951 4136. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/shun-lee-tsuen-sports-centre ## 聯和墟體育館 / Luen Wo Hui Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 3/F, 9 Wo Mun Street, Luen Wo Hui, Fanling, New Territories. Enquiry: 2677 5149. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/luen-wo-hui-sports-centre ## 保榮路體育館 / Po Wing Road Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 19 Pak Wo Road, Sheung Shui, New Territories. Enquiry: 2639 2979. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/po-wing-road-sports-centre ## 坑口體育館 / Hang Hau Sports Centre Tickets on site: 15 minutes before each session. 1/F, Sai Kung Tseung Kwan O Government Complex, 38 Pui Shing Road, Tseung Kwan O. Enquiry: 2623 5928. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/hang-hau-sports-centre ## 香港單車館 / Hong Kong Velodrome Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 105-107 Po Hong Road, Tseung Kwan O. Enquiry: 2878 8622. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/hong-kong-velodrome ## 調景嶺體育館 / Tiu Keng Leng Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 2 Chui Ling Road, Tseung Kwan O. Enquiry: 2481 5033. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/tiu-keng-leng-sports-centre ## 北河街體育館 / Pei Ho Street Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 5/F, Pei Ho Street Municipal Services Building, 333 Ki Lung Street, Sham Shui Po, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2729 1010. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/pei-ho-street-sports-centre ## 深水埗體育館 / Sham Shui Po Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 2/F., Sham Shui Po Leisure and Cultural Building, 38 Sham Mong Road, Sham Shui Po, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2360 2276. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/sham-shui-po-sports-centre ## 石硤尾公園體育館 / Shek Kip Mei Park Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 290 Nam Cheong Street, Sham Shui Po, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2784 7424. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/shek-kip-mei-park-sports-centre ## 車公廟體育館 / Che Kung Temple Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 10 Sha Tin Tau Road, Sha Tin. Enquiry: 2790 0221. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/che-kung-temple-sports-centre ## 馬鞍山體育館 / Ma On Shan Sports Centre Tickets on site: 15 minutes before each session. 14 On Chun Street, Ma On Shan, Sha Tin, New Territories. Enquiry: 2631 1597. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/ma-on-shan-sports-centre ## 圓洲角體育館 / Yuen Chau Kok Sports Centre Tickets on site: 15 minutes before each session. 35 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, New Territories. Enquiry: 2509 9108. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/yuen-chau-kok-sports-centre ## 香港仔體育館 / Aberdeen Sports Centre Tickets on site: 15 minutes before each session. 5/F., Aberdeen Municipal Services Building, 203 Aberdeen Main Road, Aberdeen, Hong Kong. Enquiry: 2555 8909. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/aberdeen-sports-centre ## 鴨脷洲體育館 / Ap Lei Chau Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 1/F, Ap Lei Chau Municipal Services Building, 8 Hung Shing Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong.. Enquiry: 2554 0832. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/ap-lei-chau-sports-centre ## 赤柱體育館 / Stanley Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. UG/F, Stanley Municipal Services Building, 6 Stanley Market Road, Hong Kong. Enquiry: 2813 5106. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/stanley-sports-centre ## 大埔墟體育館 / Tai Po Hui Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 6/F, Tai Po Complex, No.8, Heung Sze Wui Street, Tai Po, New Territories. Enquiry: 3183 9011. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/tai-po-hui-sports-centre ## 東昌街體育館 / Tung Cheong Street Sports Centre Tickets on site: 15 minutes before each session. 3 Floor, Tai Po Tung Cheong Street Leisure Building , 25 Tung Cheong Street. Enquiry: 2691 2055. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/tung-cheong-street-sports-centre ## 荃灣體育館 / Tsuen Wan Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 53 Wing Shun Street, Tsuen Wan, New Territories. Enquiry: 2392 9570. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/tsuen-wan-sports-centre ## 兆麟體育館 / Siu Lun Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 4/F, Tuen Mun Siu Lun Government Complex, 19 Siu Lun Street, Tuen Mun, N.T. Enquiry: 2659 2311. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/siu-lun-sports-centre ## 黃泥涌體育館 / Wong Nai Chung Sports Centre Queue on site; the official page does not mention tickets. 4/F, Wong Nai Chung Municipal Services Building,No.2 Yuk Sau Street, Happy Valley, Hong Kong. Enquiry: 2891 8438. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/wong-nai-chung-sports-centre ## 彩虹道遊樂場 / Choi Hung Road Playground Tickets on site: 15 minutes before each session. 150 Choi Hung Road, San Po Kong, Wong Tai Sin, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2326 2517. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/choi-hung-road-playground ## 馬仔坑體育館 / Ma Chai Hang Sports Centre Tickets on site: 15 minutes before each session. 30 Ma Chai Hang Road, Wong Tai Sin, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2321 0126. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/ma-chai-hang-sports-centre ## 蒲崗村道體育館 / Po Kong Village Road Sports Centre Tickets on site: 15 minutes before each session. 120 Po Kong Village Road, Wong Tai Sin, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2325 3585. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/po-kong-village-road-sports-centre ## 大角咀體育館 / Tai Kok Tsui Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 6/F., Tai Kok Tsui Municipal Services Building, 63 Fuk Tsun Street, Tai Kok Tsui, Kowloon. Enquiry: 2393 1084. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/tai-kok-tsui-sports-centre ## 屏山天水圍體育館 / Ping Shan Tin Shui Wai Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 1 Tsui Sing Road, Tin Shui Wai. Enquiry: 2350 9455. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/ping-shan-tin-shui-wai-sports-centre ## 天暉路體育館 / Tin Fai Road Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 63 Tin Shui Road, Tin Shui Wai, NT. Enquiry: 2473 0229. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/tin-fai-road-sports-centre ## 天瑞體育館 / Tin Shui Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 7 Tin Shui Road, Tin Shui Wai, Yuen Long, New Territories. Enquiry: 2446 6609. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/tin-shui-sports-centre ## 元朗體育館 / Yuen Long Sports Centre Tickets on site: 30 minutes before each session. 3/F, Yuen Long Leisure and Cultural Building, 52 Ma Tin Road, Yuen Long. Enquiry: 2891 9207. Canonical: https://hongkongstory.org/play/rooms/yuen-long-sports-centre --- # History timeline ## From more than 6,000 years ago — Archaeology of ancient human activity Hong Kong Yearbook 2021 states that archaeological work since the 1920s has found ancient activity along the shoreline spanning more than 6,000 years. The earliest cultures emerged around 4000 BC. 《香港年報2021》指出，二十世紀二十年代起的考古研究，在沿岸多處發現古代人類活動遺蹟，證明本港歷史可追溯至六千多年前。最早期文化約在公元前四千年出現。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## Around 1500 BC — Emergence of bronze The yearbook places the emergence of bronze around the mid-second millennium BC as the final prehistoric phase, with stone moulds showing local casting. 年報寫青銅器約在公元前一千五百年出現，為香港史前最後階段；多處出土石範，顯示本港有鑄造青銅器。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## Qin and Han dynasties — Qin–Han southward expansion Northern military campaigns in the Qin (221–206 BC) and Han (206 BC–AD 220) periods brought Han settlers. A brick tomb of the early to middle Eastern Han was uncovered near Li Uk and Cheng Uk in Sham Shui Po in 1955. 秦（公元前221–206）漢（公元前206–公元220）揮軍南征，南遷漢人增加。1955年深水埗李屋村、鄭屋村附近發現東漢初期至中期磚室墓。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## Tang dynasty (618–907) — Lime kilns and the lime economy Dome-shaped beach lime kilns show Tang-period lime use; lime was a valuable commodity in the local economy. 年報指海灘常見圓拱形灰窰，顯示唐代本地住民使用石灰；石灰用途廣，佔重要經濟地位。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 13th century — Song-period remains linked to Mongol wars The yearbook lists Song remains including the Sung Wong Toi inscription, a Song inscription at Joss House Bay, coin caches and celadon finds. 年報列宋王臺石刻、大廟灣宋代石刻、多處宋代窖藏錢幣與青瓷等，顯示香港與宋末歷史有淵源。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## On the eve of British settlement (as stated) — Villages and fishing population The yearbook describes about 3,650 villagers in some 20 settlements and about 2,000 fisherfolk on boats; Victoria Harbour was the main natural asset. 年報寫當時村民約 3 650 人散居 20 多條村落，另有漁民約 2 000 人棲宿漁船；維多利亞港是主要天然資產。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1840–1842 — First Opium War An expeditionary force arrived in June 1840, beginning the First Opium War; hostilities ended with the Treaty of Nanking in 1842. 英國遠征軍於 1840 年 6 月開抵，第一次鴉片戰爭開始；雙方且談且戰，至 1842 年《南京條約》結束戰事。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 26 January 1841 — British flag raised at Possession Point On 20 January 1841 Elliot demanded cession of Hong Kong Island under Chuenpi talks; on 26 January a naval party raised the British flag at Possession Point. Neither government accepted the Chuenpi terms. 1841 年 1 月 20 日義律據《穿鼻草約》談判提出割讓港島；1 月 26 日海軍在水坑口（今上環荷李活道公園一帶）登陸升旗。兩國政府其後都不承認該草約。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## November 1841 — First post office completed Hongkong Post: the first post office was completed in November 1841; on New Year’s Day 1846 it moved to a new building at Queen’s Road and Pedder Street. 香港郵政：第一所郵政局於 1841 年 11 月落成；1846 年元旦遷至皇后大道與畢打街交界新樓。 Source: Hongkong Post: history ## 29 August 1842 — Treaty of Nanking The Treaty of Nanking ended the First Opium War and provided for the cession of Hong Kong Island and the opening of treaty ports. 中英雙方於南京訂立《南京條約》，結束第一次鴉片戰爭；條約要求割讓香港島並開放通商口岸。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1843 — Legislative Council established LegCo’s timeline: the 1843 Letters Patent and Royal Instructions established the Governor, Executive Council and Legislative Council. The earliest sitting was delayed by fever until January 1844. 立法會官方時間線：1843 年《英皇制誥》及《皇室訓令》確立總督、行政局、立法局架構；立法局最初以官守議員為主，總督任主席。最早會議因熱病延至 1844 年 1 月。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## January 1844 — Earliest LegCo sitting and first ordinance LegCo timeline: the earliest sitting was in January 1844; Ordinance No. 1 of 1844, relating to slavery, was passed on 28 February 1844. 立法會時間線：最早會議於 1844 年 1 月舉行；1844 年第 1 號條例於 2 月 28 日通過，內容與奴隸制度有關。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 1844 — First Director of Audit appointed Audit Commission: the first Director of Audit was appointed in 1844; the Commission (Audit Department before 1997) is among Hong Kong’s oldest departments. 審計署：首任審計署署長早在一八四四年已經委出；審計署（回歸前稱核數署）為香港歷史最悠久的政府部門之一。 Source: History of the Audit Commission ## 1 May 1844 — Colonial police force established by ordinance Police Force history: on 1 May 1844 the first Police Ordinance took effect and the Gazette announced establishment of the colonial police force. 警務處歷史章：一八四四年五月一日第一條警察條例立法生效，政府在憲報宣布成立殖民地警隊。 Source: Hong Kong Police history: the first hundred years ## 1845 — First Rating Ordinance / rates introduced RVD: rates were introduced in 1845; the first Rating Ordinance (No. 2 of 1845) funded police pay. 差餉物業估價署：《香港差餉稅制》記香港早於 1845 年開徵差餉；首條《估價則例》（1845 年第 2 號條例）用以支付警隊糧餉。 Source: Property Rates in Hong Kong (3rd ed.) ## 1850 — First two Unofficial LegCo members LegCo timeline: David Jardine and Joseph Edger were appointed as the first two Unofficial Members. 立法會時間線：大衞·渣甸與約瑟·艾德格獲委任為立法局首兩位非官守議員。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 1851 — Population 32,983 (yearbook) The yearbook records a population of 32,983 in 1851, of whom 31,463 (95%) were Chinese. 年報載 1851 年人口 32 983，其中華人 31 463（95%）。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1851 — Government wells for public water WSD milestones: in 1851 the government funded wells to supply free public water. 水務署里程：1851 年政府撥款興建水井，為公眾免費提供用水。 Source: Waterworks milestones and heritage ## 1860 — Convention of Peking and cession of Kowloon After the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Convention of Peking provided for the outright cession of the Kowloon Peninsula south of Boundary Street, including Stonecutters Island. 第二次中英戰爭後，《北京條約》把九龍半島南端（北至界限街）連同昂船洲正式割讓。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1863 — Silver standard established HKMA milestones: in 1863 the government declared the silver dollar legal tender, establishing a silver standard. 金管局貨幣里程：1863 年港府宣布銀元為法定貨幣，確立銀本位制。 Source: Milestones of monetary reform ## 1863 — Pok Fu Lam Reservoir completed WSD: Hong Kong’s first reservoir, Pok Fu Lam, began supply in 1863; the enlarged reservoir was completed in 1877. 水務署：1863 年香港第一個水塘薄扶林水塘落成供水；經擴建的薄扶林水塘於 1877 年落成。 Source: Waterworks milestones and heritage ## 9 May 1868 — Hong Kong Fire Brigade formed FSD: a Gazette notice of 9 May 1868 established the Hong Kong Fire Brigade. Later reorganisation created the Fire Services Department, renamed again in July 1983. 消防處：1868 年 5 月 9 日憲報文告成立香港消防隊。其後經戴麟趾報告改組為消防事務處，1983 年 7 月再改稱香港消防處。 Source: Fire Services Department: history ## 1879 — Government Laboratory history dated to 1879 Government Laboratory: history traces to 1879 as one of Hong Kong’s oldest departments; the first Apothecary and Analyst appointment was over 140 years ago. 政府化驗所：歷史可追溯至 1879 年，為香港歷史最悠久的政府部門之一；第一位藥劑及化驗師的聘任距今已超過 140 年。 Source: About the Government Laboratory ## 1880 — First Chinese Unofficial LegCo member Both the yearbook and LegCo timeline record the appointment of Ng Choy (Wu Tingfang) as the first Chinese Unofficial Member in 1880. 年報與立法會時間線均記 1880 年委任首位華人非官守議員伍才（伍廷芳）。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1883 — Tai Tam Valley scheme begins WSD: the Tai Tam reservoir group began in 1883 and ran to the opening of Tai Tam Tuk Reservoir in 1918—about 35 years. 水務署：大潭水塘群始建於 1883 年，至大潭篤水塘於 1918 年揭幕，歷時約 35 年。 Source: Waterworks milestones and heritage ## 1883 — Hong Kong Observatory established HKO: founded in 1883 for meteorological observations, time service, geomagnetic observations and tropical cyclone warnings; renamed Royal Observatory in 1912. 天文台：1883 年創立；早期工作包括氣象觀測、觀象授時、地磁觀測及熱帶氣旋警告。1912 年改稱皇家天文台。 Source: History of the Hong Kong Observatory ## 19 January 1888 — Letters Patent amended: consent required LegCo timeline: amended Letters Patent took effect on 19 January 1888; the Governor had to obtain the Legislative Council’s consent when making laws. 立法會時間線：經修訂《英皇制誥》於 1888 年 1 月 19 日生效；總督制定法律須徵求並獲得立法局同意。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 1 December 1890 — HK Electric begins supplying electricity HK Electric CAR: first supply at 6 p.m. on 1 December 1890, lighting the first 50 street lamps in Central. 港燈氣候相關評估報告：1890 年 12 月 1 日下午 6 時首次供電，並於中環點亮首 50 盞街燈。 Source: HK Electric Investments Climate-related Assessment Report 2025 ## 9 June 1898 — 99-year lease of the New Territories A Peking convention leased the area north of Boundary Street to the Shenzhen River and 235 islands for 99 years. Britain took over the New Territories in April 1899. 在北京簽訂的條約把九龍界限街以北至深圳河及 235 個島嶼租借予英國，為期 99 年。英國於 1899 年 4 月接管新界。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1901 — CLP Power Hong Kong founded CLP about page: CLP Power Hong Kong Limited was established in Hong Kong in 1901. 中華電力官方簡介：中華電力有限公司於 1901 年在香港成立。 Source: About CLP Power ## 1904 — Hong Kong Island tramway begins TLB Railway Network (July 2022): the Island tramway entered service in 1904. 運輸及物流局《鐵路網絡》（2022年7月）：港島電車於 1904 年投入服務。 Source: Railway Network (July 2022) ## 17 September 1909 — Preventive Service established Customs milestones: Preventive Service founded on 17 September 1909 with the Liquors Ordinance; renamed Customs and Excise in 1977; became an independent department on 1 August 1982. 香港海關百年里程：1909 年 9 月 17 日隨《酒精飲品條例》成立緝私隊；1977 年改稱香港海關；1982 年 8 月 1 日成為獨立部門。 Source: Customs: milestones in the past hundred years ## 1910 — East Rail Line begins service TLB: the East Rail Line began service in 1910 (later part of the MTR heavy-rail network). 運輸及物流局：東鐵線於 1910 年開始啟用（其後納入港鐵重鐵網絡）。 Source: Railway Network (July 2022) ## 1911 — University of Hong Kong founded The College of Medicine for the Chinese (1887), with Sun Yat-sen among its first two students, developed into the University of Hong Kong in 1911. 1887 年成立的香港華人西醫書院（孫中山為首兩名學生之一）於 1911 年擴展為香港大學。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 18 March 1911 — First powered flight in Hong Kong Airport Authority timeline: on 18 March 1911 Belgian pilot Charles Van den Born flew the “Spirit of Sha Tin” from a makeshift strip in Sha Tin—Hong Kong’s first powered flight. 機場管理局時間線：1911 年 3 月 18 日，比利時飛行員 Charles Van den Born 駕駛「沙田之靈」在沙田起飛，為本港首次動力飛行。 Source: About us (Hong Kong International Airport) ## 1928 — RTHK begins broadcasting RTHK: began broadcasting in 1928; a government department and Hong Kong’s only public service broadcaster with the longest broadcasting history. 香港電台：1928 年啓播，為政府部門及本港唯一公共廣播機構，擁有最悠久的廣播歷史。 Source: RTHK: About us ## 1930 — Kai Tak Airport officially opens Airport Authority timeline: Kai Tak officially opened in 1930; the first commercial flight arrived on 24 March 1936. 機場管理局時間線：啟德於 1930 年正式開放；1936 年 3 月 24 日迎來首班商業航班。 Source: About us (Hong Kong International Airport) ## 1931 — Population 878,947 (yearbook) The yearbook records 878,947 people in 1931, 97.8% Chinese. 年報載 1931 年人口 878 947，華人佔 97.8%。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## December 1935 — End of silver standard; sterling link HKMA: after a global silver crisis, in December 1935 Hong Kong abandoned the silver standard and linked the Hong Kong dollar to sterling at HK$16 per £1. 金管局：全球白銀危機後，1935 年 12 月港府棄用銀本位，按 16 港元兌 1 英鎊將港元與英鎊掛鈎。 Source: Milestones of monetary reform ## 1937 — Government Trade School founded PolyU history: the Government Trade School was founded in 1937 on Wood Road, Wan Chai—the institution’s earliest publicly funded post-secondary technical precursor. 理大校史：1937 年香港官立高級工業學院在灣仔活道成立，為政府資助專上工科教育的最早前身。 Source: PolyU: History ## 13 November 1941 — Last pre-occupation LegCo sitting LegCo timeline: after the sitting of 13 November 1941, the Governor adjourned the Legislative Council indefinitely before the Japanese occupation. 立法會時間線：1941 年 11 月 13 日舉行日本佔領前最後一次會議後，總督宣布立法局無限期休會。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 8 December 1941 — Japanese attack on Hong Kong Japanese forces attacked on 8 December 1941 (Hong Kong time). The defenders surrendered on Christmas Day. The occupation lasted three years and eight months. 香港時間 1941 年 12 月 8 日，日軍取道中國大陸進攻；守軍於聖誕日投降。日本佔領三年八個月。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## August 1945 — Japanese surrender and military government After Japan’s surrender on 15 August 1945, a provisional government was formed; Rear Admiral Harcourt arrived on 30 August. Civil government was restored on 1 May 1946. 1945 年 8 月 15 日日本宣布投降後，布政司詹森組織臨時政府；8 月 30 日夏慤率艦隊抵港成立臨時軍政府。1946 年 5 月 1 日恢復民政統治。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1946 — Labour Department becomes independent Labour Department LAB report: the Labour Office, formerly under the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs, became an independent department in 1946 (today’s Labour Department). 勞工處勞顧會報告：勞工辦事處原轄屬華民政務司署，於 1946 年成為獨立部門（即現在的勞工處）。 Source: Labour Advisory Board report (2005) ## 1 May 1946 — Legislative Council resumes LegCo timeline: the Legislative Council resumed on 1 May 1946 and held its first post-war sitting that day. 立法會時間線：立法局於 1946 年 5 月 1 日復會並舉行首次會議。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 1 May 1946 — Civil Aviation Department established CAD Kai Tak page: the Department was established on 1 May 1946 to administer civil aviation services. 民航處啟德專頁：民航處於一九四六年五月一日成立，專責管理本港航空服務。 Source: CAD: Kai Tak Airport 1925–1998 ## 1948 — Electrical and Mechanical Office formed EMSD 75th booklet: in 1948 the Electrical, Mechanical and Transport Offices under PWD amalgamated into the Electrical and Mechanical Office. 機電署75周年紀念冊：1948 年工務司署轄下電氣處、機械處和運輸處合併為機電工程處。 Source: EMSD 75th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet ## Mid-1950 — Population about 2.2 million (yearbook estimate) After post-war returnees and the 1949–50 influx, the yearbook estimates mid-1950 population at about 2.2 million. 戰後回流與 1949–50 年內地移民潮後，年報估計 1950 年年中人口達 220 萬。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1 July 1953 — Ambulance services merge into Fire Brigade FSD: on 1 July 1953 the then Medical Department transferred ambulance vehicles and staff to the Fire Brigade, laying the foundation of today’s Ambulance Command. 消防處：1953 年 7 月 1 日醫務署把救護車輛及人員調撥予消防隊，為現時救護總區奠立基礎。 Source: Fire Services Department: history ## Christmas Day 1953 — Shek Kip Mei fire and public housing A squatter fire left 53,000 homeless; emergency rehousing marked the start of the public housing programme. 木屋區大火令 53 000 人無家可歸；政府展開緊急安置，公營房屋計劃由此展開。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1957 — Seawater flushing introduced WSD: seawater flushing was proposed in 1957 for dense resettlement areas and later extended; WSD states coverage now reaches about 85% of the population. 水務署：1957 年建議在石硤尾、李鄭屋等徙置區安裝海水沖廁；其後擴展全港。署方寫現時覆蓋約全港八成半人口。 Source: Waterworks milestones and heritage ## 1957 — Hong Kong Tourist Association established HKTB corporate info: predecessor was the Hong Kong Tourist Association established in 1957. 旅發局企業資訊：前身為於 1957 年設立的香港旅遊協會。 Source: HKTB: corporate information ## 1958 — Social Welfare Department established CSD early chronicle: probation services moved on 1 April 1948 to the Social Welfare Office (est. 1947) and subsequently to the Social Welfare Department in 1958. 懲教署早期年誌：感化服務於 1948 年 4 月 1 日轉交 1947 年成立的社會福利辦事處，其後於 1958 年轉歸社會福利署。 Source: CSD history: early period ## November 1960 — First Guangdong water-supply agreement WSD: in November 1960 an agreement provided for 22.7 million m³ of raw water a year from Shenzhen Reservoir. 水務署：1960 年 11 月與廣東當局達成協議，每年從深圳水庫輸入 2 270 萬立方米原水。 Source: Waterworks milestones and heritage ## 4 August 1961 — Immigration Department established ImmD 60th anniversary report: formally established on 4 August 1961; from 1 August 1965, after taking over Lo Wu control from the Police, land, sea and air examinations became ImmD’s responsibility. 入境處六十周年特刊：1961 年 8 月 4 日部門正式成立；1965 年 8 月 1 日接管羅湖出入境管制後，海陸空檢查均由入境處負責。 Source: Immigration Department 60th Anniversary Report ## 1962 — City Hall Art Gallery and Museum established Museum of History: predecessor was the City Hall Art Gallery and Museum established in 1962; renamed Hong Kong Museum and Art Gallery in 1969. 香港歷史博物館：前身為 1962 年成立的「大會堂美術博物館」；1969 年易名為「香港博物美術館」。 Source: Hong Kong Museum of History: introduction ## 17 October 1963 — CUHK founded CUHK University Gallery: the university ordinance completed legislation in September 1963; the founding ceremony was held on 17 October 1963. CUHK was built on New Asia, Chung Chi and United Colleges. 中大校史館：1963 年 9 月大學條例完成立法；10 月 17 日港督柏立基在大會堂主持成立典禮。大學以新亞、崇基、聯合三院為基礎。 Source: Founding of CUHK (University Gallery) ## 1964 — First Scheme of Control Agreement signed CLP: Hong Kong’s first Scheme of Control Agreement was signed in 1964; later renewed in 1978, 1993 and 2008. 中華電力：香港首項「管制計劃協議」於 1964 年簽署；其後於 1978、1993 及 2008 年續訂。 Source: CLP: Scheme of Control ## 1965 — Dongshen scheme completed; Dongjiang water to Hong Kong WSD: after the Dongshen scheme was completed in 1965, Hong Kong began receiving Dongjiang raw water. WSD states Dongjiang water now accounts for about 70–80% of fresh-water use. 水務署：東深供水工程於 1965 年完成後，香港開始從東江輸入原水。署方寫現時東江水每年佔全港淡水用量約七至八成。 Source: Waterworks milestones and heritage ## October 1965 — University Grants Committee established UGC Notes: formally appointed in October 1965 as the University Grants Committee to advise on HKU and CUHK development and funding. 教資會筆記：委員會於 1965 年正式任命，起初稱大學教育資助委員會，就港大及中大發展與撥款向政府提供意見。 Source: UGC Notes: Chapter 1 Introduction ## 1 October 1966 — HKTDC established HKTDC 60th milestones: established on 1 October 1966 with headquarters at Ocean Terminal. 貿發局60周年里程碑：1966 年 10 月 1 日成立，總辦事處設於海運大廈。 Source: HKTDC 60th anniversary milestones ## 1967 — Lion Rock Tunnel opens GovHK Highways fact sheet: Lion Rock Tunnel opened in 1967 linking Sha Tin and Kowloon; a second tube opened in 1978. TD likewise dates the southbound tube 1967 and northbound 1978. 《香港便覽：道路設施》：1967 年建成獅子山隧道連接沙田與九龍；旁邊第二條管道於 1978 年通車。運輸署亦記南行管道 1967、北行 1978。 Source: Hong Kong: The Facts — Highways ## 1967 — Hong Kong Productivity Council established HKPC: a statutory organisation established in 1967 to help enterprises enhance productivity and competitiveness. 生產力局：1967 年成立的法定機構，協助企業提升生產力與競爭優勢。 Source: HKPC: background ## December 1967 — Census and Statistics Department established C&SD timeline: established in December 1967 with K. M. A. Barnett as first Commissioner; Economic and Social Statistics Divisions. 統計處官方年表：1967 年 12 月成立，彭德為首任處長；設經濟統計部及社會統計部。 Source: Major developments of C&SD (1967–2012) ## 1968 — Plover Cove Reservoir completed WSD: Plover Cove Reservoir was completed in 1968 as a reservoir built in the sea; construction began in 1961. 水務署：船灣淡水湖於 1968 年完工，為在海中興建的水塘；建造工程 1961 年展開。 Source: Waterworks milestones and heritage ## 1968 — Transport Office becomes independent department TD 50th booklet: in 1968 the Transport Office (TD’s predecessor) became an independent department; renamed 運輸署 in Chinese in 1975. 運輸署50周年特刊：1968 年交通事務處（運輸署前身）成為獨立部門；1975 年改名為運輸署。 Source: Transport Department 50th anniversary booklet ## 1 July 1970 — Legal Aid Department established Legal Aid Department 50th-anniversary milestones: established on 1 July 1970 and moved to the former Missions Étrangères building on Battery Path. 法援署五十周年大事年表：1970 年 7 月 1 日法律援助署正式成立，並遷往炮台里前法國外方傳道會大樓。 Source: Legal Aid Department 50th: milestones ## 1971 — Shue Yan College founded HKSYU profile: founded in 1971 in Happy Valley; registered as a post-secondary college and renamed Shue Yan College in 1976. 樹仁大學簡史：1971 年胡鴻烈博士及鍾期榮博士在跑馬地成和道自資創立樹仁書院；1976 年註冊為專上學院，定名樹仁學院。 Source: HKSYU: university profile ## December 1971 — Audit Ordinance enacted Audit Commission: Cap. 122 (then the Audit Ordinance) was enacted in December 1971, stipulating the Director’s duties and powers. 審計署：一九七一年十二月制定《核數條例》（第 122 章，現稱《審計條例》），訂明審計署署長的職責及權力。 Source: History of the Audit Commission ## 1972 — Decision to develop new towns As part of a 10-year housing programme the government decided to develop New Territories new towns; nine were built over two decades. The 2021 yearbook said about 47% of the population then lived in them. 為配合十年建屋計劃，政府決定在新界發展新市鎮；其後二十年發展九個新市鎮。年報（2021）寫當時約 47% 人口住在新市鎮。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1972 — Chinese permitted in LegCo debates LegCo timeline: from 1972, Chinese as well as English could be used in Legislative Council proceedings. 立法會時間線：1972 年起立法局會議除英語外亦可使用中文。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 1972 — Hong Kong Polytechnic established PolyU history: the Hong Kong Polytechnic was formally established in 1972 to provide professional education for community manpower needs. 理大校史：1972 年香港理工學院正式成立，使命是開辦專業課程以滿足社會對專業人才的需求。 Source: PolyU: History ## 1972 — UGC retitled University and Polytechnic Grants Committee UGC Notes: in 1972 retitled UPGC to reflect inclusion of the then Hong Kong Polytechnic. 教資會筆記：1972 年為配合香港理工學院納入資助範圍，委員會改稱大學及理工教育資助委員會。 Source: UGC Notes: Chapter 1 Introduction ## July 1972 — Fixed peg to the US dollar HKMA: in July 1972 the Hong Kong dollar was pegged to the US dollar at HK$5.65 per US$1; the official rate moved to 5.085 in February 1973. 金管局：1972 年 7 月港元與美元掛鈎，定為每美元兌 5.65 港元；1973 年 2 月改為 5.085。 Source: Milestones of monetary reform ## August 1972 — Cross-Harbour Tunnel opens GovHK Highways fact sheet: the Cross-Harbour Tunnel opened in August 1972. HYD calls it the first harbour road tunnel and the first BOT transport project; TD dates the start of operation to 1972. 《香港便覽：道路設施》：海底隧道於 1972 年 8 月啟用，連接九龍與港島。路政署記其為首條貫通維港的行車隧道，亦是首個「建造、營運及移交」運輸項目；運輸署記 1972 年開始營運。 Source: Hong Kong: The Facts — Highways ## April 1973 — Housing Authority established Housing Authority: established in April 1973 under the Housing Ordinance as the statutory body for public housing programmes. 房委會：根據《房屋條例》於 1973 年 4 月成立的法定機構，負責制定和推行公營房屋計劃。 Source: About the Housing Authority ## 15 February 1974 — ICAC established ICAC Annual Report: the ICAC Ordinance came into force on 15 February 1974 and the Commission was established the same day, independent of the police anti-corruption office. 廉政公署年報：1974 年 2 月 15 日《廉政公署條例》生效，廉署同日正式成立，獨立於警方調查貪污。 Source: ICAC Annual Report 2022 ## 15 February 1974 — Official Languages Ordinance takes effect Hong Kong e-Legislation: the Official Languages Ordinance (Cap. 5) has been in force since 15 February 1974, providing for Hong Kong’s official languages and their status and use. 電子版香港法例：《法定語文條例》（第5章）自 1974 年 2 月 15 日起生效，訂定香港的法定語文及其地位與應用。 Source: Official Languages Ordinance (Cap. 5) ## April 1974 — Consumer Council established Consumer Council: established in April 1974; the Consumer Council Ordinance took effect on 15 July 1977, incorporating the Council as a statutory body. 消委會：1974 年 4 月成立；《消費者委員會條例》其後於 1977 年 7 月 15 日開始執行，將消委會成立為法定法團。 Source: Consumer Council history ## November 1974 — Hong Kong dollar floats freely HKMA: the Hong Kong dollar began floating freely in November 1974 until the Linked Exchange Rate System began in October 1983. 金管局：1974 年 11 月港元開始自由浮動，直至 1983 年 10 月實施聯繫匯率制度。 Source: Milestones of monetary reform ## 1975 — Mass Transit Railway Corporation established Government press release: MTRC was established in 1975 as a wholly government-owned statutory corporation. LegCo papers likewise cite the Mass Transit Railway Corporation Ordinance. 政府新聞公報：地鐵公司於 1975 年成立時為政府全資擁有的法定公司。立法會文件亦記其根據《地下鐵路公司條例》成立。 Source: MTR privatisation bill gazetted ## 1975 — Transport Office renamed Transport Department TD 50th booklet: in 1975 the Transport Office was renamed Transport Department (運輸署). 運輸署50周年特刊：1975 年交通事務處改名為運輸署。 Source: Transport Department 50th anniversary booklet ## 1975 — Split into Museum of Art and Museum of History Museum of History: in 1975 split into the Hong Kong Museum of Art and the Hong Kong Museum (initially at Star House, Tsim Sha Tsui). 香港歷史博物館：1975 年分拆為「香港藝術館」和「香港博物館」；後者初時租用尖沙咀星光行為館址。 Source: Hong Kong Museum of History: introduction ## 1976 — Country Parks Ordinance The yearbook records enactment of the Country Parks Ordinance in 1976 as the legal framework for country parks and special areas. 年報指 1976 年制定《郊野公園條例》，為設立郊野公園及特別地區提供法律依據。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1976 — Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance in force AMO FAQ: the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance came into force in 1976; the AMO and the Antiquities Advisory Board were established the same year. 古物古蹟辦事處：1976 年《古物及古蹟條例》實施，同年成立古物古蹟辦事處及古物諮詢委員會。 Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office: FAQ ## 11 August 1976 — General Post Office building at Connaught Place completed Hongkong Post: the General Post Office building at Connaught Place was completed on 11 August 1976 as an integrated postal facility. 香港郵政：一九七六年八月十一日，位於中環康樂廣場的郵政總局大樓落成，為綜合型郵務設施。 Source: Hongkong Post: history ## 1977 — Ocean Park opens Ocean Park annual report: the Park opened in 1977; the Jockey Club funded construction and operations from 1977 to 1987. 海洋公園年報：公園自一九七七年創立／開幕；其後由馬會資助建造及營運至一九八七年。 Source: Ocean Park Annual Report 2014–15 ## 1978 — High Island Reservoir completed WSD timeline: High Island Reservoir, with a storage of 281 million m³, was completed in 1978. 水務署年表：1978 年存水量達 2.81 億立方米的萬宜水庫落成。 Source: Waterworks milestones and heritage ## 1978 — Census and Statistics Ordinance in force C&SD timeline: the Census and Statistics Ordinance came into force in 1978; the first Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics was also published that year. 統計處年表：1978 年《普查及統計條例》生效；同年出版第一期《香港統計年刊》。 Source: Major developments of C&SD (1967–2012) ## 1978 — Public Accounts Committee established Audit Commission: the Public Accounts Committee was established in 1978 as a LegCo standing committee to consider the Director of Audit’s reports. 審計署：政府帳目委員會於一九七八年成立，為立法會常設委員會，負責研究審計署署長報告書。 Source: History of the Audit Commission ## Late 1979 — First Kwun Tong Line passenger trains TLB: the first Kwun Tong Line passenger trains entered service in late 1979, followed by the Tsuen Wan Line (1982), Island Line (1985) and later extensions. 運輸及物流局：觀塘線首部載客列車於 1979 年年底投入服務，其後荃灣線（1982）、港島線（1985）等陸續啟用。 Source: Railway Network (July 2022) ## January 1980 — Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong established LRC homepage: established in January 1980 to consider law-reform references from the Secretary for Justice or the Chief Justice. 法改會官網：於 1980 年 1 月成立，負責研究由律政司司長或終審法院首席法官轉交的法律改革課題。 Source: Law Reform Commission: homepage introduction ## 7 October 1980 — Hong Kong Space Museum officially opens Space Museum: officially opened on 7 October 1980 and to the public on the 8th; first OMNIMAX in the eastern hemisphere and first fully automated planetarium control system worldwide per the museum. 香港太空館：1980 年 10 月 7 日正式開幕，8 日開放予市民；館方稱是東半球首座全天域電影放映設備，亦是全球首座全自動化天象節目控制系統的天文博物館。 Source: Hong Kong Space Museum: about us ## 1982 — Electrical and Mechanical Services Department established EMSD 75th booklet: in 1982 the PWD was split into executive departments and the EMO was upgraded to EMSD. 機電署75周年紀念冊：1982 年工務司署分拆為多個執行部門，「機電處」升格為「機電工程署」。 Source: EMSD 75th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet ## 1982 — Water Supplies Department becomes a full department WSD water supply milestones: in 1982 WSD formally became a full department (same year the Lok On Pai desalination plant was decommissioned). 水務署供水里程：1982 年水務署正式成為署級部門（同年亦記樂安排海水化淡廠停用）。 Source: WSD: water supply milestones ## 1 February 1982 — Prisons Department becomes CSD CSD chronicle: on 1 February 1982 the Prisons Department was renamed Correctional Services Department to emphasise rehabilitation. 懲教署年誌：1982 年 2 月 1 日「監獄署」易名為「懲教署」，以反映重視犯人康復。 Source: CSD history: 1950s to 1990s ## 1 April 1982 — Lands Department established Lands Department fact sheet: established on 1 April 1982, responsible for all land matters in Hong Kong. 地政總署便覽：1982 年 4 月 1 日成立，負責香港所有土地事宜。 Source: Lands Department fact sheet ## 1 August 1982 — Customs becomes an independent department Customs: became an independent department on 1 August 1982 after leaving the Trade Industry and Customs Department (renamed from Preventive Service in 1977). 香港海關：1982 年 8 月 1 日脫離工商署，成為獨立部門（1977 年緝私隊已改稱香港海關）。 Source: Customs: milestones in the past hundred years ## 24 December 1982 — Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation established LegCo paper: KCRC was established on 24 December 1982 under Cap. 372; on 1 February 1983 former railway assets, rights and liabilities vested in KCRC. 立法會文件：九鐵於 1982 年 12 月 24 日根據《九廣鐵路公司條例》成立；1983 年 2 月 1 日原有鐵路資產、權利及法律責任歸屬九鐵。 Source: LegCo FA panel paper on KCRC/AA etc. ## 17 October 1983 — Linked Exchange Rate System begins HKMA: a currency board arrangement began on 17 October 1983, linking the Hong Kong dollar to the US dollar at HK$7.8 per US$1. 金管局：1983 年 10 月 17 日起實施貨幣發行局安排，港元與美元掛鈎，匯率定於每美元兌 7.8 港元。 Source: Milestones of monetary reform ## 1984 — City Polytechnic of Hong Kong founded QAC audit report: CityU was established in 1984 (as the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong) and is a UGC-funded institution. 質保局核證報告：城大於 1984 年成立（前身為香港城市理工學院），為教資會資助院校之一。 Source: QAC Audit Report: City University of Hong Kong (2010) ## 27 January 1984 — Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware opens Museum of Art: the Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware, a branch museum, opened to the public on 27 January 1984; core holdings donated by Dr K.S. Lo. 香港藝術館：茶具文物館為分館，於 1984 年 1 月 27 日開放給市民參觀；以茶具專題收藏及展出，基本藏品由羅桂祥博士捐贈。 Source: Hong Kong Museum of Art: tea ware collection ## 1 July 1984 — Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts established HKAPA about page: established under the Academy Ordinance; the Academy-hosted ordinance text states commencement on 1 July 1984. 演藝學院簡介：依據《香港演藝學院條例》成立；學院網站條例文本標明生效日期為 1984 年 7 月 1 日。 Source: HKAPA Ordinance text (Academy site) ## 19 December 1984 — Sino-British Joint Declaration signed Talks began after the 1982 British prime ministerial visit. The Joint Declaration of 19 December 1984 set out the PRC’s basic policies on Hong Kong, including establishing an SAR. 1982 年英國首相訪華展開談判；1984 年 12 月 19 日簽署《中英聯合聲明》，闡述中華人民共和國對香港的基本方針政策，包括設立特別行政區。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1985 — First indirect LegCo elections LegCo timeline: 1985 saw the first Legislative Council elections (electoral college and functional constituencies); the Council also moved into the former Supreme Court building. 立法會時間線：1985 年立法局首次舉行選舉，透過選舉團及功能組別等途徑選出議員；同年遷入前最高法院大樓。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 1985 — Hong Kong Railway Museum opens Heritage Museum: the 1913 Tai Po Market station was declared a monument in 1984 and opened as the Railway Museum in 1985 after refurbishment. 文化博物館：舊大埔墟火車站 1913 年建成，1984 年列為法定古蹟；經修復後於 1985 年開放為鐵路博物館。 Source: Heritage Museum: Hong Kong Railway Museum ## 1 April 1986 — Environmental Protection Department established EPD Environment Report: established on 1 April 1986, bringing together staff and resources from several departments to coordinate pollution prevention and control. 環保署環境報告：1986 年 4 月 1 日成立，匯聚多個部門人手與資源，統籌主要預防污染及污染管制工作。 Source: EPD Environment Report 2002 ## 2 April 1986 — Stock Exchange of Hong Kong opens HKEX historical events: the four exchanges ceased after 27 March 1986; SEHK commenced trading on 2 April 1986. SEHK was incorporated in July 1980. 港交所歷史事件：四所於 1986 年 3 月 27 日收市後停止交易；聯交所於 4 月 2 日開業。1980 年 7 月聯交所註冊成立。 Source: Hong Kong stock market historical events ## 11 April 1986 — Architectural Services Department established ArchSD sustainability report key facts: established on 11 April 1986. 建築署可持續發展報告部門資料摘要：成立日期為 1986 年 4 月 11 日。 Source: ArchSD sustainability report: key facts ## 1 June 1986 — Highways Department established Highways Department: formally established on 1 June 1986 from the Highways Office of the Engineering Development Department. 路政署：一九八六年六月一日正式成立，前身為工程拓展署的路政處；負責公用道路系統策劃、設計、興建及維修，並規劃及協助鐵路網實施。 Source: Highways Department: organisation ## 1987 — Sam Tung Uk Museum opens ICH Office: Sam Tung Uk was declared a monument in 1981 and opened as a museum in 1987; the Hong Kong ICH Centre was set up there in June 2016. 非遺辦事處：三棟屋 1981 年列為法定古蹟，1987 年重修成博物館後正式開放；2016 年 6 月於館內設立香港非物質文化遺產中心。 Source: ICH Office: Sam Tung Uk Museum ## 1988 — Light Rail enters service TLB: Light Rail entered service in 1988 for north-west New Territories travel. 運輸及物流局：輕鐵於 1988 年投入服務，服務新界西北。 Source: Railway Network (July 2022) ## 1988 — Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre opens HKCEC about page: opened in 1988; jointly owned by the HKSAR Government and the Trade Development Council. 會展中心官方簡介：於 1988 年開幕；業權由特區政府與貿易發展局共同擁有。 Source: HKCEC: About us ## 1989 — Open Learning Institute of Hong Kong established HKMU timeline: established by the Government in 1989 as the Open Learning Institute of Hong Kong. 都會大學年表：1989 年由政府創辦「香港公開進修學院」，提供兼讀制學士學位課程。 Source: HKMU: history and milestones ## 1989 — Office of The Ombudsman established The Ombudsman: established in 1989 under Cap. 397 as an independent statutory body to oversee public administration and investigate maladministration. 申訴專員公署：根據《申訴專員條例》（第 397 章）於 1989 年成立，專責監察公共行政及調查行政失當申訴。 Source: The Ombudsman: who we are ## May 1989 — SFC established SFC: established in May 1989 as an independent statutory regulator; the Securities and Futures Ordinance took effect on 1 April 2003, consolidating earlier market laws. 證監會：1989 年 5 月正式成立為獨立的法定監管機構；自 2003 年 4 月 1 日起《證券及期貨條例》整合昔日規管條例生效。 Source: SFC: Our role ## September 1989 — Eastern Harbour Crossing opens GovHK Highways fact sheet: the Eastern Harbour Crossing was completed in September 1989 linking Cha Kwo Ling and Quarry Bay. TD dates the start of operation to 1989. 《香港便覽：道路設施》：東區海底隧道於 1989 年 9 月建成，連接茶果嶺與鰂魚涌。運輸署記 1989 年開始營運。 Source: Hong Kong: The Facts — Highways ## September 1989 — Drainage Services Department established DSD: established in September 1989 following the White Paper “Pollution in Hong Kong — A Time to Act”, to oversee territory-wide drainage systems. 渠務署：1989 年 9 月政府按《白皮書：對抗污染莫遲疑》建議成立渠務署，專責全港渠務系統。 Source: DSD sustainability report: drainage through the century ## 8 November 1989 — Hong Kong Cultural Centre opens LCSD HKCC 25th anniversary page: the Hong Kong Cultural Centre opened on 8 November 1989 as a premier performing arts venue. 康文署文化中心二十五周年簡介：香港文化中心於 1989 年 11 月 8 日開幕，此後為本港主要演藝場地之一。 Source: HK Cultural Centre 25th anniversary: about ## 1 January 1990 — Planning Department established PlanD: established on 1 January 1990, consolidating Town Planning Office, Strategic Planning Unit and former New Territories Development Department planning functions. 規劃署：1990 年 1 月 1 日成立，合併城市規劃處、發展策略組及前拓展署規劃職能。 Source: Planning Department 35th anniversary ## 1990 — Hong Kong Shipping Registry established Marine Department Maritime News: the Hong Kong Shipping Registry was established in 1990 under Cap. 415. 海事處《香港海事通訊》：香港船舶註冊處於 1990 年根據《商船（註冊）條例》（第 415 章）成立。 Source: Hong Kong Maritime News Issue 87 ## 4 April 1990 — Basic Law promulgated DOJ: the Basic Law was enacted by the NPC under Article 31 of the Chinese Constitution, promulgated on 4 April 1990, and took effect on 1 July 1997 when the HKSAR was established. 律政司：《基本法》由全國人大根據《憲法》第三十一條制定，於 1990 年 4 月 4 日公布，自 1997 年 7 月 1 日香港特區成立時實施。 Source: Hong Kong Legal System: The Basic Law ## 2 July 1990 — Intellectual Property Department established IPD: established on 2 July 1990, taking over patent and trade mark registration from the Registrar General and copyright functions from the Legal Department. 知識產權署：1990 年 7 月 2 日成立，接替註冊總署處理專利、商標註冊等；並從律政署接收版權事宜職能。 Source: IPD: introduction, role and functions ## 1 December 1990 — Hospital Authority becomes a statutory body HA HASLink: on 1 December 1990 HA became a statutory body under the Hospital Authority Ordinance; in 1991 it took over all government and subvented public hospitals. 醫管局《協力》：1990 年 12 月 1 日根據《醫院管理局條例》正式成為法定機構；1991 年接管所有由政府及補助機構管理的公立醫院。 Source: HA HASLink: 30 years on ## 1991 — First direct LegCo elections LegCo timeline: in 1991, 18 members were returned by direct election in geographical constituencies. 立法會時間線：1991 年有 18 名議員由地方選區直接選舉產生。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 1991 — TPB forms two Planning Committees TPB: after the 1991 Town Planning (Amendment) Ordinance extended statutory planning beyond urban areas, TPB formed the Metro and Rural & New Town Planning Committees. 城規會：自 1991 年《城市規劃（修訂）條例》實施後，法定規劃擴至市區以外；城規會因而成立都會規劃小組委員會與鄉郊及新市鎮規劃小組委員會。 Source: Town Planning Board: introduction ## 1991 — Research Grants Council established UGC Notes: the Research Grants Council was established in 1991 under the UGC. 教資會筆記：研究資助局於 1991 年成立，為教資會轄下機構。 Source: UGC Notes: Chapter 1 Introduction ## 1991 — Hong Kong Science Museum opens LCSD museum services: the Hong Kong Science Museum has operated since opening in 1991 with interactive exhibits on science and technology. 康文署博物館服務：香港科學館自 1991 年開幕以來，透過互動展品推廣科學原理及科技發展。 Source: LCSD: museum services ## May 1991 — Hong Kong Park officially opens LCSD Hong Kong Park: about 8.16 hectares, officially opened in May 1991 on the former Victoria Barracks site. 康文署香港公園：佔地約 8.16 公頃，於 1991 年 5 月正式啟用；現址原為域多利軍營。 Source: LCSD: Hong Kong Park homepage ## 10 October 1991 — HKUST opens HKUST Library exhibition: the opening ceremony was held on 10 October 1991; the first undergraduates and postgraduates arrived on 2 October 1991. 科大圖書館校史展：1991 年 10 月 10 日舉行開校典禮；10 月 2 日迎來首批本科生與研究生。 Source: The birth of HKUST ## 15 November 1991 — Museum of Art opens at Tsim Sha Tsui Museum of Art booklet: construction of the Tsim Sha Tsui site completed and the museum opened on 15 November 1991. 香港藝術館簡介冊：尖沙咀新館址工程完成，於 1991 年 11 月 15 日正式啟用。 Source: Hong Kong Museum of Art booklet (2023) ## 28 April 1992 — Hong Kong Visual Arts Centre opens LCSD museum services: Cassels Block converted and commissioned in 1992; Museum of Art Open Dialogue booklet records the official opening on 28 April 1992. 康文署博物館服務寫明卡素樓改建後於 1992 年啟用；藝術館《開放．對話》特刊載前總館長記述 1992 年 4 月 28 日正式開幕。 Source: Hong Kong Museum of Art: Open Dialogue booklet ## December 1992 — Government Laboratory moves to Homantin Government Offices Government Laboratory: moved into Homantin Government Offices in Kowloon in December 1992. 政府化驗所：1992 年 12 月遷入九龍何文田政府合署。 Source: About the Government Laboratory ## 1993 — Governor ceases to preside over LegCo LegCo timeline: from 1993 the Governor no longer presided; Unofficial Members elected Sir John Swaine as the first President chosen by members. 立法會時間線：1993 年起總督不再出任立法局主席，改由非官守議員互選；施偉賢為首位互選主席。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 1 April 1993 — Hong Kong Monetary Authority established HKMA: established on 1 April 1993 by merging the Office of the Exchange Fund and the Office of the Commissioner of Banking; Hong Kong’s central banking institution. 金管局：1993 年 4 月 1 日由外匯基金管理局與銀行業監理處合併成立，為香港的中央銀行機構。 Source: About the HKMA ## 1 May 1993 — Companies Registry becomes independent department Companies Registry annual report: established as an independent department on 1 May 1993 and became a trading fund on 1 August 1993. 公司註冊處年報：1993 年 5 月 1 日成立為獨立政府部門；同年 8 月 1 日成為營運基金。 Source: Companies Registry Annual Report 2020–21 ## 1 July 1993 — Office of the Telecommunications Authority established OFCA telecom milestones: OFTA was established on 1 July 1993. 通訊辦電訊里程碑：電訊管理局（電訊局）在 1993 年 7 月 1 日成立。 Source: OFCA: telecommunications milestones before 2012 ## 1 August 1993 — Buildings Department established BD 20th anniversary booklet: established on 1 August 1993, taking over BOO functions of the Buildings and Lands Department; HQ at Murray Building. 屋宇署二十周年特刊：1993 年 8 月 1 日成立，接掌屋宇地政署建築物條例執行處職能；總部設於美利大廈。 Source: Care For Our Buildings (BD 20th anniversary) ## Mid-1994 — City Polytechnic becomes City University of Hong Kong UGC annex: City Polytechnic, Baptist and Polytechnic gained self-accreditation in 1993 and were granted university titles in mid-1994. 教資會附件：城市理工、浸會、理工三院校於 1993 年獲自行評審資格，1994 年年中獲批准授予大學名銜。 Source: UGC: CityU and other institutions’ path to university title ## 25 April 1994 — HKIEd established EdUHK milestones: the HKIEd Ordinance was passed and the Institute was formally established on 25 April 1994, merging several teacher-training colleges. 教大大事紀要：《香港教育學院條例》通過，教院於 1994 年 4 月 25 日正式成立（合併多所師範院校）。 Source: EdUHK milestones ## November 1994 — Committee reverts to University Grants Committee title UGC Notes: after the polytechnics and Baptist College adopted university titles, the Committee reverted to UGC in November 1994. 教資會筆記：兩所理工及浸會獲大學名銜後，委員會於 1994 年 11 月恢復大學教育資助委員會名稱。 Source: UGC Notes: Chapter 1 Introduction ## 16 November 1994 — Baptist College renamed HKBU HKBU: on 16 November 1994 LegCo passed the Hong Kong Baptist College (Amendment) Bill 1994 on third reading, renaming the college Hong Kong Baptist University. 浸大：1994 年 11 月 16 日立法局三讀通過《1994年香港浸會學院（修訂）條例草案》，浸會學院正名為香港浸會大學。 Source: 30 years since HKBU renaming ## 25 November 1994 — Renamed The Hong Kong Polytechnic University PolyU history: on 25 November 1994 the institution gained self-accreditation, assumed full university status and was renamed The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. 理大校史：1994 年 11 月 25 日獲自我評審資格，正式取得大學地位並正名為香港理工大學。 Source: PolyU: History ## 1995 — First fully elected legislature LegCo timeline: 1995 produced the first fully elected legislature of 60 members—also the last LegCo under British administration. 立法會時間線：1995 年成立由 60 名議員組成、完全由選舉產生的立法機關，亦是回歸前最後一屆立法局。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 1 June 1995 — HKADC becomes a statutory body HKADC about page states establishment as a statutory body in 1995; its cultural-policy study records the change from non-statutory to statutory on 1 June 1995 with elected members. 藝發局本局簡介稱 1995 年成立為法定機構；其政策研究文件寫明 1995 年 6 月 1 日由非法定組織轉為法定機構，並引入民選成員。 Source: HKADC: cultural arts policies 1950–1997 ## 3 August 1995 — Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance enacted PCPD timeline: the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance was enacted on 3 August 1995. 私隱專員公署年表：條例於 1995 年 8 月 3 日制定。 Source: PCPD: key facts and history ## 1 December 1995 — Airport Authority established Government inquiry summary: the Airport Authority Ordinance took effect on 1 December 1995, establishing the Authority. AAHK’s vision page likewise states establishment in 1995 under Cap. 483. 政府新聞公報摘要：《機場管理局條例》於 1995 年 12 月 1 日生效，機管局據此成立。機管局願景頁亦寫 1995 年成立，受第 483 章規管。 Source: New Airport inquiry report summary ## 1996 — Electrical and Mechanical Services Trading Fund established EMSD 75th booklet: the Electrical and Mechanical Services Trading Fund was established in 1996. 機電署75周年紀念冊：1996 年機電工程營運基金成立。 Source: EMSD 75th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet ## May 1996 — Equal Opportunities Commission established EOC: established in May 1996 as a statutory body to enforce anti-discrimination ordinances on sex, disability, family status and race. 平機會：1996 年 5 月成立的法定機構，負責執行性別、殘疾、家庭崗位及種族歧視等條例。 Source: Introduction to the EOC ## 1 August 1996 — Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data established PCPD timeline: the Office was established on 1 August 1996; the PDPO came into force on 20 December 1996. 私隱專員公署年表：公署於 1996 年 8 月 1 日成立；條例於同年 12 月 20 日正式生效。 Source: PCPD: key facts and history ## 20 December 1996 — Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance comes into force PCPD timeline: the PDPO came into force on 20 December 1996. 私隱專員公署年表：條例於 1996 年 12 月 20 日正式生效。 Source: PCPD: key facts and history ## 1997 — Western Harbour Crossing opens TD: the Western Harbour Crossing, built under a BOT model, began operation in 1997 linking Sai Ying Pun and West Kowloon. 運輸署：西區海底隧道以「建造、營運、移轉」形式興建，於 1997 年開始營運，連接西營盤與西九龍。 Source: Tunnels and bridges: details and location map ## 1997 — Tsing Ma and Kap Shui Mun Bridges open TD: the Tsing Ma and Kap Shui Mun Bridges opened in 1997 as the main Lantau Link. The Highways fact sheet likewise records the 1997 Lantau Link as part of Route 8. 運輸署：青馬大橋及汲水門大橋於 1997 年通車，構成青嶼幹線主要通道。《香港便覽》亦記 1997 年建成的青嶼幹線為八號幹線一部分。 Source: Tunnels and bridges: details and location map ## 1997 — Retitled as The Open University of Hong Kong HKMU timeline: retitled as The Open University of Hong Kong in 1997. 都會大學年表：1997 年正名為「香港公開大學」。 Source: HKMU: history and milestones ## 1 July 1997 — HKSAR established The HKSAR was established and the Basic Law took effect, enshrining “one country, two systems”, “Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong” and a high degree of autonomy; the previous capitalist system and way of life remain unchanged for 50 years. 香港特區成立，《基本法》同日生效，訂明「一國兩制」、「港人治港」和高度自治；原有資本主義制度和生活方式五十年不變。 Source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History ## 1 July 1997 — Court of Final Appeal established Judiciary Fact Sheet: the Court of Final Appeal was established on 1 July 1997 when Cap. 484 took effect, replacing the Privy Council as Hong Kong’s highest appellate court. 司法機構便覽：終審法院於 1997 年 7 月 1 日《香港終審法院條例》生效之日成立，取代倫敦樞密院司法委員會，成為香港最高上訴法院。 Source: Judiciary Fact Sheet ## 1 July 1997 — Royal Observatory renamed Hong Kong Observatory HKO: from 1 July 1997 the department resumed the name Hong Kong Observatory. 天文台：1997 年 7 月 1 日起復稱香港天文台。 Source: History of the Hong Kong Observatory ## 1 July 1997 — Audit Department renamed Audit Commission Audit Commission: pursuant to Basic Law Article 58, the Audit Department was renamed Audit Commission from 1 July 1997, with the Director’s Chinese title likewise changed. 審計署：依據《基本法》第五十八條，核數署由 1997 年 7 月 1 日起易名為審計署，署長職銜同步更改。 Source: History of the Audit Commission ## 1998 — Quality Education Fund established EDB brief: the Quality Education Fund was established in 1998 with a $5 billion government endowment to fund quality school education initiatives. 教育局簡介：優質教育基金於 1998 年成立，獲政府撥款 50 億元，資助提升學校教育質素及推廣優質學校教育的計劃。 Source: EDB: Quality Education Fund brief ## 1 April 1998 — Hong Kong Museum renamed Museum of History Museum of History: renamed from Hong Kong Museum on 1 April 1998; moved to the present Chatham Road South site in July 1998. 香港歷史博物館：由 1998 年 4 月 1 日起易名為「香港歷史博物館」；同年 7 月遷至尖沙咀漆咸道南現址。 Source: Hong Kong Museum of History: introduction ## 2 July 1998 — First meeting of the First HKSAR LegCo LegCo timeline: the First LegCo of the HKSAR was established in 1998; its first meeting on 2 July elected Rita Fan as President. 立法會時間線：第一屆立法會於 1998 年成立，首次會議於 7 月 2 日舉行，范徐麗泰當選主席。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 6 July 1998 — HKIA at Chek Lap Kok opens Airport Authority: around 1:20 a.m. on 6 July 1998 Kai Tak closed; at 6:27 a.m. the same day the first commercial flight landed at Chek Lap Kok. The yearbook also records the 1998 opening. 機場管理局：1998 年 7 月 6 日約凌晨 1 時 20 分啟德關閉；同日上午 6 時 27 分赤鱲角迎來首班商業航班。年報亦記 1998 年啓用。 Source: About us (Hong Kong International Airport) ## September 1998 — Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Authority established MPFA: established in September 1998 to regulate and supervise the MPF system. 積金局：專責規管及監督強積金制度運作的積金局成立於 1998 年 9 月。 Source: MPFA 20th anniversary ## 1 April 1999 — Annual general revaluation of rates begins RVD: a new valuation list took effect on 1 April 1999, after which rates have been revalued annually. 差餉物業估價署：由政府公布新差餉估價冊由 1999 年 4 月 1 日起生效，此後須每年重估差餉。 Source: Property Rates in Hong Kong (3rd ed.) ## July 1999 — Lingnan College renamed Lingnan University Lingnan’s history page records the 1999 university title; the UGC annex states the name change took effect from July 1999 after the Lingnan University Ordinance. Re-establishment in Hong Kong began with Lingnan College in 1967. 嶺南大學校史寫 1999 年正名；教資會附件記《嶺南大學條例》通過後自 1999 年 7 月起改稱嶺南大學。香港復校可追溯至 1967 年嶺南書院。 Source: Lingnan University: History and development ## 1 January 2000 — Food and Environmental Hygiene Department established FEHD Facts sheet: established on 1 January 2000 for food safety control, live food animal import control, food incidents, and environmental hygiene services. 食環署《香港便覽》：2000 年 1 月 1 日成立，負責食物安全管制、活生食用動物進口管制、食物事故處理，以及環境衞生服務和設施管理。 Source: Hong Kong: The Facts — FEHD ## 2000 — Leisure and Cultural Services Department established LCSD annual report: the Department has completed about 90 projects since its establishment in 2000. 康文署年報：本署自二零零零年成立以來，已完成約 90 項工程計劃。 Source: LCSD Annual Report 2008–09: administration ## 2000 — Invest Hong Kong established InvestHK 25th newsletter: established in 2000. The concurrent LegCo Commerce Bureau reorganisation paper likewise scheduled related arrangements from 1 July 2000. 投資推廣署25周年通訊：投資推廣署自 2000 年成立。立法會同期工商局改組文件亦載投資推廣署組織安排，由 2000 年 7 月 1 日起實施。 Source: InvestHK 25th anniversary newsletter ## 2000 — Trade Department renamed Trade and Industry Department TID: the former Trade Department expanded and was renamed Trade and Industry Department in 2000, taking over general industry and SME support from the former Industry Department. 工貿署：前貿易署於 2000 年擴展並改名為工業貿易署，接替前工業署為工業界和中小企業提供一般支援服務。 Source: Trade and Industry Department: history ## 1 January 2000 — Agriculture and Fisheries Department renamed AFCD LegCo paper: L.N. 331 of 1999 renamed the Agriculture and Fisheries Department as AFCD with effect from 1 January 2000; the Environment and Food Bureau was established the same day. 立法會文件：第 331 號法律公告宣布漁農處改名為漁農自然護理署，由 2000 年 1 月 1 日起實施；同日環境食物局成立。 Source: LegCo Legal Service: AFCD rename notices ## 1 January 2000 — Environment and Food Bureau established LegCo paper: following the Provision of Municipal Services (Reorganization) Ordinance, the Environment and Food Bureau was established on 1 January 2000 for environment, hygiene, food safety and agriculture/fisheries policy. 立法會文件：因《提供市政服務（重組）條例》後，環境食物局由 2000 年 1 月 1 日起成立，負責環境保護、環境衞生、食物供應及安全、自然護理及漁農政策。 Source: LegCo Legal Service: AFCD rename notices ## 1 January 2000 — PELB renamed Planning and Lands Bureau LegCo paper: L.N. 330 of 1999 renamed the Planning, Environment and Lands Bureau as the Planning and Lands Bureau from 1 January 2000. 立法會文件：第 330 號法律公告宣布規劃環境地政局改名為規劃地政局，由 2000 年 1 月 1 日起實施。 Source: LegCo Legal Service: AFCD rename notices ## 2000 — Hong Kong Museum of Coastal Defence opens LCSD museum services: the military-themed museum converted from the former Lei Yue Mun Fort opened to the public in 2000 (later renamed Hong Kong Museum of the War of Resistance and Coastal Defence). 康文署博物館服務：由舊鯉魚門炮台改建的軍事主題博物館於 2000 年對外開放（其後易名為香港抗戰及海防博物館）。 Source: LCSD: museum services ## 6 March 2000 — HKEX formed HKEX historical events: on 6 March 2000 SEHK, the Futures Exchange and Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company became Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited. 港交所歷史事件：2000 年 3 月 6 日聯交所、期交所及香港中央結算合併為香港交易及結算所有限公司。 Source: Hong Kong stock market historical events ## 30 June 2000 — Mass Transit Railway Ordinance takes effect LegCo paper: MTR Corporation Limited was incorporated on 26 April 2000; Cap. 556 took effect on 30 June 2000, vesting MTRC’s property, rights and liabilities in the new company. 立法會文件：地鐵有限公司 2000 年 4 月 26 日成立為法團；《地下鐵路條例》於 6 月 30 日生效，同日地下鐵路公司財產、權利及負債轉歸地鐵有限公司。 Source: LegCo FA panel paper on KCRC/AA etc. ## 1 July 2000 — Innovation and Technology Commission established LegCo paper: the Commerce Bureau reorganisation, including establishing the Innovation and Technology Commission, was to take effect from 1 July 2000. 立法會文件：工商局改組建議如獲通過，由 2000 年 7 月 1 日起實施，包括在工商局內設立創新科技署。 Source: LegCo TI panel: Commerce Bureau reorganisation / ITC ## 1 December 2000 — MPF System begins MPFA: the Mandatory Provident Fund System commenced on 1 December 2000 as the second pillar of Hong Kong’s multi-pillar retirement framework. 積金局：強積金制度於 2000 年 12 月 1 日正式實施，屬多支柱退休保障框架下的第二支柱。 Source: 20 years of the MPF System ## 17 December 2000 — Hong Kong Heritage Museum opens Heritage Museum archive: opening-theme exhibition “Home: Through the Ages” began on 17 December 2000; the past-exhibitions list likewise starts on that date. 文化博物館館方檔案：開幕專題展覽館開幕主題為「家：春秋」，展期由 2000 年 12 月 17 日起；昔日展覽一覽亦以同日為最早展覽起始日。 Source: Hong Kong Heritage Museum: opening exhibition archive ## 3 January 2001 — Hong Kong Film Archive Sai Wan Ho building opens Film Archive origin page: the Sai Wan Ho permanent building opened on 3 January 2001; the Planning Office was set up in 1993. 電影資料館建館緣起：西灣河永久館址於 2001 年 1 月 3 日開幕；館方另記籌劃辦事處 1993 年成立。 Source: Hong Kong Film Archive: origin ## 1 April 2001 — Hong Kong Tourism Board established HKTB corporate info: established on 1 April 2001, reorganised from the Hong Kong Tourist Association (1957). 旅發局企業資訊：2001 年 4 月 1 日成立，由 1957 年設立的香港旅遊協會改組而成。 Source: HKTB: corporate information ## May 2001 — Urban Renewal Authority established URA: a statutory body established in May 2001 under the Urban Renewal Authority Ordinance to address urban decay through urban renewal. 市建局：根據《市區重建局條例》於 2001 年 5 月成立的法定機構，透過市區更新應對市區老化。 Source: URA: about us ## May 2001 — Hong Kong Central Library opens Hong Kong Public Libraries: the Central Library was commissioned in May 2001 with larger facilities and fuller reference services. 香港公共圖書館：中央圖書館於 2001 年 5 月啟用，提供較大規模設施及更全面的參考與資訊服務。 Source: Hong Kong Public Libraries: Central Library introduction ## 7 May 2001 — Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation established LegCo paper: HKSTPC established on 7 May 2001 under Cap. 565, merging the Industrial Estates Corporation, Industrial Technology Centre Corporation and Provisional Science Park company. 立法會文件：2001 年 5 月 7 日政府根據《香港科技園公司條例》成立香港科技園公司；由工業邨公司、工業科技中心公司及臨時科學園公司合併而成。 Source: LegCo CI panel: Science Park Phase 2 ## June 2002 — Science Park first three buildings open Government press release: SCIT noted progress from the opening of three buildings in June 2002 to ten buildings completing Phase One. 政府新聞公報：工商及科技局局長於第 1 期落成典禮指出，由 2002 年 6 月園內首三幢大樓啟用，至第 1 期共十幢大樓落成。 Source: SCIT speech at Science Park Phase One completion ## 1 January 2003 — Education Department merges into Education and Manpower Bureau Government press release: EMB and the Education Department reorganised on 1 January 2003, retaining the EMB name. EDB pages record the same date. 政府新聞公報：教統局與教育署於 2003 年 1 月 1 日重組合併，新組織仍稱教統局。教育局網頁亦載同一日期。 Source: Education reorganisation for better policy coordination ## 1 April 2003 — Securities and Futures Ordinance takes effect SFC: the Securities and Futures Ordinance took effect on 1 April 2003, consolidating earlier securities and futures market laws. 證監會：自 2003 年 4 月 1 日起生效的《證券及期貨條例》，整合昔日規管香港證券及期貨市場的條例。 Source: SFC: Our role ## 27 June 2003 — Cyberport opening ceremony Cyberport milestones: opening ceremony held on 27 June 2003; the project was kicked off after the 1999 government announcement. 數碼港官方里程碑：開幕典禮於 2003 年 6 月 27 日舉行；1999 年政府宣布啟動數碼港項目。 Source: Cyberport milestones ## 20 December 2003 — West Rail opens Government press release: TD announced West Rail would open at 2 p.m. on 20 December 2003. The TLB Railway Network sheet likewise records the West Rail Line opening in 2003. 政府新聞公報：運輸署宣布西鐵於 2003 年 12 月 20 日下午 2 時通車。運輸及物流局《鐵路網絡》亦記西鐵線 2003 年啟用。 Source: TD: traffic arrangements for West Rail opening ## 1 June 2004 — Centre for Health Protection begins operation DH press release: the Centre for Health Protection began operation on 1 June 2004 under DH to strengthen disease prevention and control. 衞生署新聞公報：衞生防護中心於 2004 年 6 月 1 日正式運作，隸屬衞生署，加強預防及控制傳染病能力。 Source: DH press release: Centre for Health Protection begins operation ## 1 July 2004 — Civil Engineering and Development Department established DEVB press release: CED and Territory Development Department merged into CEDD on 1 July 2004. CEDD likewise records the July 2004 merger. 發展局新聞公報：土木工程署與拓展署於 2004 年 7 月 1 日合併成為土木工程拓展署。署方核心工作頁亦記於 2004 年 7 月合併成立。 Source: DEVB press release: CED and TDD merger ## 1 July 2004 — Office of the Government Chief Information Officer established Government press release: OGCIO was established on 1 July 2004 by merging ITSD with IT units under CITB’s Communications and Technology Branch. 政府新聞公報：政府資訊科技總監辦公室於 2004 年 7 月 1 日成立，由資訊科技署與工商及科技局通訊及科技科轄下資訊科技組別合併而成。 Source: OGCIO to be established on 1 July ## 29 October 2004 — Science Park Phase One officially completed Government press release: official completion of Science Park Phase One and opening of the Bio-Informatics Centre on 29 October 2004. 政府新聞公報：2004 年 10 月 29 日舉行科學園第 1 期正式落成及生物資訊中心開幕典禮。 Source: SCIT speech at Science Park Phase One completion ## May 2005 — LERS convertibility zone HKMA: in May 2005 a strong-side convertibility undertaking at 7.75 was introduced and the weak-side undertaking moved to 7.85, symmetric around 7.8. 金管局：2005 年 5 月推出強方兌換保證（7.75）並將弱方兌換保證移至 7.85，使雙向保證以 7.8 為中心對稱運作。 Source: Milestones of monetary reform ## August 2005 — MTR Disneyland Resort Line opens HKDL milestones: the MTR Disneyland Resort Line opened in August 2005; Inspiration Lake opened at the same time. 香港迪士尼樂園度假區里程：2005 年 8 月港鐵迪士尼線正式通車；迪欣湖同時開幕。 Source: Hong Kong Disneyland Resort: milestones ## 12 September 2005 — Hong Kong Disneyland Resort opens Hong Kong Disneyland Resort official milestones: grand opening on 12 September 2005. 香港迪士尼樂園度假區官方里程：2005 年 9 月 12 日隆重開幕。 Source: Hong Kong Disneyland Resort: milestones ## 2006 — Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum opens Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum: opened to the public in 2006 at Kom Tong Hall, presenting Sun’s life and Hong Kong’s role in reform and revolutionary movements. 孫中山紀念館：於 2006 年對外開放，館址為中環半山甘棠第，闡述孫中山生平及香港在維新與革命運動中的角色。 Source: Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum: about us ## 20 May 2006 — Hong Kong Wetland Park officially opens Wetland Park: officially opened on 20 May 2006 as one of the HKSAR Government’s Millennium projects, combining conservation, education and tourism. 濕地公園：於 2006 年 5 月 20 日正式開幕，為特區政府千禧年發展項目之一，展示濕地生態並兼具護理、教育及旅遊功能。 Source: Hong Kong Wetland Park: about us ## 18 September 2006 — Ngong Ping 360 officially opens Ngong Ping 360 overview: officially opened on 18 September 2006, operating the Tung Chung–Ngong Ping cable car and Ngong Ping Village. 昂坪360企業概覽：於 2006 年 9 月 18 日正式開幕，營運東涌至昂坪纜車及昂坪市集。 Source: Ngong Ping 360: corporate overview ## 19 December 2006 — Shue Yan College retitled Hong Kong Shue Yan University HKSYU profile: on 19 December 2006 approved under Cap. 320 to be retitled Hong Kong Shue Yan University, the first private university in Hong Kong. 樹仁大學簡史：2006 年 12 月 19 日根據《專上學院條例》獲行政長官會同行政會議批准正名，成為本港首間私立大學。 Source: HKSYU: university profile ## 2007 — Fireboat Alexander Grantham Gallery opens Museum of History: after the 1953–2002 fireboat Alexander Grantham entered the collection, the Quarry Bay Park gallery opened to the public in 2007. 香港歷史博物館：1953 年投入服務、2002 年退役的「葛量洪號」列為藏品後，於鰂魚涌公園設置展覽館，2007 年開放予市民參觀。 Source: Museum of History: Fireboat Alexander Grantham Gallery ## 1 July 2007 — EMB renamed Education Bureau EDB: from 1 July 2007 the Education and Manpower Bureau was renamed the Education Bureau. 教育局：2007 年 7 月 1 日起，教育統籌局改名為教育局。 Source: EDB note on former ED/EMB names ## 2 December 2007 — Rail merger franchise takes effect TLB: LegCo passed the Rail Merger Ordinance in June 2007; the merged MTR franchise of 50 years took effect on 2 December 2007. 運輸及物流局：立法會 2007 年 6 月通過《兩鐵合併條例》；合併後港鐵公司 50 年專營權由 2007 年 12 月 2 日起生效。 Source: Railway Network (July 2022) ## 23 October 2008 — WKCDA established WKCDA background: the Ordinance was enacted on 11 July 2008; the Authority was established on 23 October 2008 when the Chief Executive announced Board appointments. 西九背景頁：條例於 2008 年 7 月 11 日由立法會制定；管理局於 10 月 23 日成立，行政長官公布委任董事局。 Source: Background of WKCD ## 2009 — Hong Kong Geopark becomes National Geopark AFCD CMPB paper: Hong Kong Geopark became a National Geopark of China in 2009. 漁護署郊野公園及海岸公園委員會文件：香港地質公園於 2009 年成為國家地質公園。 Source: CMPB paper: Geopark 10th anniversary ## 17 September 2011 — Hong Kong Geopark admitted to Global Geoparks Network Government press release: on 17 September 2011 (Langesund time) the GGN accepted Hong Kong National Geopark; it was renamed Hong Kong Global Geopark of China. 政府新聞公報：全球地質公園網絡於 2011 年 9 月 17 日（挪威當地時間）接納香港國家地質公園為成員，其後正式更名為中國香港世界地質公園。 Source: Hong Kong Geopark gains global status ## 2012 — LegCo membership expanded to 70 LegCo’s official timeline: membership expanded from 60 to 70 in 2012. 立法會官方時間線：議席由 60 增至 70（2012）。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 1 April 2012 — Communications Authority established CA: established on 1 April 2012 as the single regulator for telecommunications and broadcasting; OFCA merged the former OFTA with relevant TEELA sections. 通訊局：2012 年 4 月 1 日成立，為規管電訊業與廣播業的單一規管機構；通訊辦由前電訊管理局與影視處有關科別合併而成。 Source: Communications Authority: Secretariat ## December 2015 — Competition Tribunal established Judiciary Fact Sheet: the Competition Tribunal was established in December 2015 with primary jurisdiction over competition-related cases. 司法機構便覽：競爭事務審裁處於 2015 年 12 月成立，有主要司法管轄權聆訊及裁定與競爭有關的案件。 Source: Judiciary Fact Sheet (December 2022) ## 14 December 2015 — Competition Ordinance fully in force Competition Commission: LegCo passed the Competition Ordinance in June 2012; it came into full effect on 14 December 2015. 競委會：立法會 2012 年 6 月通過《競爭條例》，2015 年 12 月 14 日全面實施。 Source: Competition Commission: Competition Ordinance ## 27 May 2016 — Renamed The Education University of Hong Kong EdUHK: with gazettal of the Education University of Hong Kong Ordinance amendments on 27 May 2016, HKIEd was renamed The Education University of Hong Kong. 教大：隨《2016年香港教育學院（修訂）條例》於 2016 年 5 月 27 日刊憲，教院正名為香港教育大學。 Source: EdUHK milestones ## June 2016 — Hong Kong ICH Centre opens at Sam Tung Uk ICH Office: established the Hong Kong Intangible Cultural Heritage Centre at Sam Tung Uk Museum in June 2016 as its exhibition and education hub. 非遺辦事處：2016 年 6 月在三棟屋博物館設立「香港非物質文化遺產中心」，作為展示和教育中心。 Source: ICH Office: Sam Tung Uk Museum ## 26 June 2017 — IA takes over insurer regulation IA: the Authority was established when the 2015 amendment ordinance took effect on 7 December 2015; on 26 June 2017 it took over insurer regulation from the former OCI. 保監局：機構因 2015 年 12 月 7 日修訂條例生效而成立；2017 年 6 月 26 日接替保險業監理處規管保險公司。 Source: Insurance Authority: history ## September 2018 — Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong HSR Hong Kong Section opens TLB: the Hong Kong Section of the HSR entered service in September 2018 as an about 26 km underground corridor linking to the national HSR network. 運輸及物流局：高鐵香港段於 2018 年 9 月投入服務，為長約 26 公里的地下走廊，連接國家高鐵網絡。 Source: Railway Network (July 2022) ## 24 October 2018 — Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge opens GovHK Highways fact sheet: the 42 km Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge officially opened on 24 October 2018. 《香港便覽：道路設施》：港珠澳大橋全長 42 公里，於 2018 年 10 月 24 日正式啟用，連接香港、珠海與澳門。 Source: Hong Kong: The Facts — Highways ## 30 November 2019 — Museum of Art reopens after renovation Museum of Art booklet: reopened to the public on 30 November 2019 after major renovation and expansion. 香港藝術館簡介冊：2019 年 11 月 30 日重新對外開放（此前閉館翻新擴建）。 Source: Hong Kong Museum of Art booklet (2023) ## September 2021 — OUHK renamed Hong Kong Metropolitan University HKMU: LegCo passed the ordinance amendment on 14 July 2021; the University adopted the new name in September 2021. 都會大學：立法會 2021 年 7 月 14 日通過修改大學條例；2021 年 9 月正式採用新校名「香港都會大學」。 Source: HKMU: history and milestones ## 12 November 2021 — M+ opens to the public M+ press release: the contemporary visual culture museum in the West Kowloon Cultural District opened to the public on 12 November 2021. M+新聞稿：位於西九文化區的當代視覺文化博物館於 2021 年 11 月 12 日正式向公眾開放。 Source: M+: opens to public press release ## 2022 — LegCo membership expanded to 90 LegCo’s official timeline: membership expanded further to 90 in 2022. 立法會官方時間線：議席再增至 90（2022）。 Source: Historical development of the Legislature ## 2 July 2022 — Hong Kong Palace Museum opens to the public Hong Kong Palace Museum press release: announced opening to the public on 2 July 2022. 香港故宮文化博物館新聞稿：館方宣布於 2022 年 7 月 2 日正式向公眾開放。 Source: Hong Kong Palace Museum: opens to public press release ## November 2022 — Third runway commissioned Airport Authority timeline: the third runway was officially commissioned in November 2022; Sky Bridge opened the same month. 機場管理局時間線：第三跑道於 2022 年 11 月正式啓用；同月 Sky Bridge 開放。 Source: About us (Hong Kong International Airport) ## 24 November 2022 — Coastal Defence Museum reopens after renewal LCSD museum services: reopened on 24 November 2022 after major renewal, with permanent exhibitions focusing on the War of Resistance and coastal defence history. 康文署博物館服務：2022 年 11 月 24 日完成大型更新工程並重新開放，常設展加強抗日戰爭及海防軍事變遷敘述。 Source: LCSD: museum services ## March 2024 — Robin’s Nest Country Park designated AFCD: Robin’s Nest Country Park was designated in March 2024; Hong Kong then had 25 country parks and 22 special areas. 漁護署：紅花嶺郊野公園於 2024 年 3 月成立；其後香港共有 25 個郊野公園和 22 個特別地區。 Source: Country parks and special areas ## July 2024 — Digital Policy Office established DPO: set up in July 2024 by merging OGCIO and the Efficiency Office. 數字政策辦公室：2024 年 7 月成立，由當時的政府資訊科技總監辦公室及效率促進辦公室合併而成。 Source: Digital Policy Office: about us ## 3 September 2024 — Renamed Museum of the War of Resistance and Coastal Defence LCSD cultural statistics note: the Museum of Coastal Defence was redesignated as the Museum of the War of Resistance and Coastal Defence on 3 September 2024. 康文署文化事務統計註釋：香港海防博物館於 2024 年 9 月 3 日改設為香港抗戰及海防博物館。 Source: LCSD: cultural services statistics --- # Statistics - Mid-year population (provisional): 7,518,300 (as of 2026-06; source: Mid-year population for 2026) - Mid-year population 2025: 7,498,900 (as of 2025-06; source: Mid-year population for 2026) - Year-end population 2025 (revised): 7,508,700 (as of 2025-12; source: Mid-year population for 2026) - Usual residents (mid-2026): 7,252,800 (as of 2026-06; source: Mid-year population for 2026) - Mobile residents (mid-2026): 265,500 (as of 2026-06; source: Mid-year population for 2026) - Population density: 6,870 persons per km² (as of 2025-06; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Population density, Hong Kong Island: 14,540 persons per km² (as of 2025-06; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Population density, Kowloon: 47,780 persons per km² (as of 2025-06; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Population density, New Territories and Islands: 4,250 persons per km² (as of 2025-06; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Philippine nationals present in Hong Kong: 195,574 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Indonesian nationals present in Hong Kong: 182,215 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Indian nationals present in Hong Kong: 39,587 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Share of population who are Chinese: 91.6% (as of 2021; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Crude birth rate: 4.1 per 1,000 population (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Number of households: 2,778,100 (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Total land area: 1,114.6 km² (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Hong Kong Island land area: 80.7 km² (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Kowloon land area: 46.9 km² (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - New Territories and Islands land area: 986.9 km² (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Number of islands: 261 islands of 500 m² or more, excluding Hong Kong Island and Lantau Island (as of 2026-07; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Total sea area: About 1,640 km² (as of 2025-07-31; source: Marine parks and marine reserve) - Country parks and special areas: About 40% of land (as of 2026-07; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Mean annual rainfall: 2,431.2 mm (as of 1991-2020; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Annual mean air temperature (normal): 23.5°C (as of 1991-2020; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Official languages: Chinese and English (as of 2026-07; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Usual language: Cantonese (aged 5+): 88.2% (as of 2021; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Usual language: English (aged 5+): 4.6% (as of 2021; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Usual language: Putonghua (aged 5+): 2.3% (as of 2021; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Usual language: other Chinese dialects (aged 5+): 2.8% (as of 2021; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Usual language: other languages (aged 5+): 2.1% (as of 2021; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Constitutional status: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (as of 1997-07-01; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Legislative Council seats: 90 seats (40 Election Committee, 30 functional constituencies, 20 geographical constituencies) (as of 2026-01-01; source: Government Structure) - Legal tender: Hong Kong dollar (as of 2026-07; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Gross domestic product: HK$3,329.8 billion (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Per capita GDP: HK$444,044 (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Real GDP growth: 3.6% (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Labour force: 3.8113 million (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Unemployment rate: 3.7% (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Labour force participation rate: 57.0% (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Unemployed persons: 139,000 (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Underemployment rate: 1.5% (56,000 persons) (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Civil servants: 170,600 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Statutory minimum wage rate: HK$43.1 per hour (as of 2026-05-01; source: Statutory Minimum Wage) - Monthly wage ceiling for mandatory hours records: HK$17,600 per month (as of 2026-05-01; source: Statutory Minimum Wage) - Average PRH waiting time (official definition): See the Housing Bureau’s latest published figure (as of 2026-09; source: PRH applications and average waiting time) - A&E attendance fee (official schedule): See the Hospital Authority’s fees page (as of 2026-09; source: Fees and Charges) - Number of schools and students (official statistics): See the Education Bureau’s statistics index (published by school year) (as of 2026-09; source: Statistics) - Ranking among world trading economies: 5th (as of 2026-07; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet) - Merchandise imports (c.i.f.): HK$5,686.8 billion (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Merchandise total exports (f.o.b.): HK$5,240.3 billion (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Total merchandise trade: HK$10,927.1 billion (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Merchandise imports from Chinese Mainland: HK$2,491.8 billion (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Merchandise total exports to Chinese Mainland: HK$3,128.5 billion (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Composite Consumer Price Index: 108.9 (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Average daily public transport passenger journeys: 11.712 million (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Length of public roads: 2,269 km (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Licensed motor vehicles: 813,000 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Licensed private cars: 585,000 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Electric private cars: 142,000 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Passenger arrivals by all modes: 167.304 million (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Inward and outward aircraft movements: 395,000 (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Visitor arrivals: 49.895 million (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Visitor arrivals (Chinese Mainland nationality/region): 37.834 million (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Licensed hotels: 333 hotels, 93,472 rooms (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Hotel room occupancy rate: 87% (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Land-based non-institutional population: 7,400,500 (as of 2025; source: Population and Household Statistics Analysed by District Council District 2025) - Median age of land-based non-institutional population: 47 years (as of 2025; source: Population and Household Statistics Analysed by District Council District 2025) - Sex ratio: 828 males per 1,000 females (as of 2025; source: Population and Household Statistics Analysed by District Council District 2025) - Pre-primary enrolment: 115,300 (as of 2025/26; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Primary enrolment: 321,700 (as of 2025/26; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Secondary enrolment: 361,400 (provisional) (as of 2025/26; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Post-secondary enrolment: 354,700 (provisional) (as of 2025/26; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Population aged 15+ with degree education: 27.6% (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Expectation of life at birth (male): 83.3 years (provisional) (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Expectation of life at birth (female): 88.7 years (provisional) (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Registered deaths from malignant neoplasms: 15,075 (rate 200.4 per 100,000) (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Registered deaths from pneumonia: 11,395 (rate 151.4 per 100,000) (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Registered deaths from diseases of the heart: 6,594 (rate 87.6 per 100,000) (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Infant mortality rate: 1.7 per 1,000 registered live births (as of 2024; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Registered doctors: 16,905 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Registered nurses: 74,767 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Permanent living quarters: 3,106,000 (as of 2025-09; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Public rental housing units: 877,000 (28.2%) (as of 2025-09; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Subsidised sale flats: 467,000 (15.0%) (as of 2025-09; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Private permanent quarters: 1,762,000 (56.7%) (as of 2025-09; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Newly completed residential flats: 41,700 (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - General public rental housing applications: About 100,500 (as of 2026-06; source: Housing Bureau on public rental housing waiting time) - Non-elderly one-person applications under QPS: About 81,000 (as of 2026-06; source: Housing Bureau on public rental housing waiting time) - Gazetted general holidays in 2026: 17 named days, plus every Sunday (as of 2026; source: General holidays for 2026) - Statutory holidays in 2026: 15 days (as of 2026; source: Statutory holidays for 2026) - Services share of GDP at basic prices: 93.6% (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Financing and insurance share of GDP at basic prices: 26.2% (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - UGC-funded first-year-first-degree places: 15,000 a year (from 2018/19) (as of 2018/19–; source: Post-secondary education) - UGC-funded senior-year undergraduate places: 5,000 a year (from 2018/19) (as of 2018/19–; source: Post-secondary education) - Hospital beds (HA, private and correctional): 37,142 (4.9 per 1,000; rate provisional) (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Hospital beds (OECD definition): 32,725 (4.4 per 1,000; rate provisional) (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Registered Chinese medicine practitioners: 8,797 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Registered dentists: 2,926 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Registered pharmacists: 3,461 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Linked Exchange Rate convertibility undertakings: HK$7.75–7.85 per US$1 (as of 2005–; source: Linked Exchange Rate System) - Regional headquarters, regional offices and local offices: 11,070 (parent companies outside Hong Kong) (as of 2025-06; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Value of total retail sales: HK$380.4 billion (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Value of total restaurant receipts: HK$109.6 billion (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Port container throughput: 12.995 million TEUs (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Electricity consumption: 164,433 terajoules (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Greenhouse gas emissions: 34,500 kilotonnes CO₂-e (as of 2023; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Sulphur dioxide emissions: 3,910 tonnes (as of 2023; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Nitrogen oxides emissions: 52,980 tonnes (as of 2023; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Fine suspended particulates (PM2.5) emissions: 2,710 tonnes (as of 2023; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Municipal solid waste disposal: 3.847 million tonnes (as of 2024; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Recyclables recovered from municipal solid waste: 2.018 million tonnes (as of 2024; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Number of country parks: 25 (as of 2024-03-01; source: Country parks and special areas) - Area of country parks and special areas: 44,842 hectares (as of 2024-03-01; source: Country parks and special areas) - Country park visitors: About 11 million (as of 2025; source: Country parks and special areas) - Marine parks and marine reserve: 8 marine parks and 1 marine reserve (as of 2024-11; source: Marine parks and marine reserve) - Sea area of marine parks and marine reserve: 8,517 hectares (as of 2024-11; source: Marine parks and marine reserve) - Comprehensive Social Security Assistance cases: 194,000 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Old Age Living Allowance cases: 794,000 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Old Age Allowance cases: 375,000 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Disability Allowance cases: 185,000 (as of 2025-12; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - CSSA payments: HK$22.353 billion (as of 2024-25; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Reported crimes: 89,137 (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Overall crime rate: 1,189 per 100,000 population (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Violent crime rate: 118 per 100,000 population (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Persons arrested for crime: 31,082 (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong in Figures, 2026 Edition) - Basis of the legal system: Common law supplemented by statute; constitutional framework is the Basic Law (as of 1997-07-01; source: The legal system of Hong Kong) - Judicial independence: The Judiciary is wholly independent of the executive and the legislature (as of 1997-07-01; source: The legal system of Hong Kong) - Archaeological time depth: More than 6,000 years (as of 2021; source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History) - Treaty of Nanking: Signed 29 August 1842 (as of 1842-08-29; source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History) - New Territories lease: Signed 9 June 1898 for 99 years (as of 1898-06-09; source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History) - Japanese occupation: Three years and eight months (25 Dec 1941 to August 1945) (as of 1945-08; source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History) - Shek Kip Mei fire: Christmas Day 1953; about 53,000 left homeless (as of 1953-12-25; source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History) - Sino-British Joint Declaration: Signed 19 December 1984 (as of 1984-12-19; source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History) - Basic Law promulgated: 4 April 1990 (as of 1990-04-04; source: Hong Kong Legal System: The Basic Law) - Establishment of the HKSAR: 1 July 1997 (as of 1997-07-01; source: Hong Kong Yearbook 2021, Chapter 22: History) - Linked Exchange Rate System begins: 17 October 1983; peg rate then HK$7.8 per US$1 (as of 1983-10-17; source: Milestones of monetary reform) - Declared monuments: 138 (as of 2026-01-30; source: Antiquities and Monuments Office: FAQ) - Sites of archaeological interest: 208 (from two territory-wide surveys) (as of 2026-09-11; source: Antiquities and Monuments Office: FAQ) - AMO heritage trails: 3 (Central and Western, Ping Shan, Lung Yeuk Tau) (as of 2026-09-11; source: Antiquities and Monuments Office: FAQ) - Chek Lap Kok airport opens: 6 July 1998 (as of 1998-07-06; source: About us (Hong Kong International Airport)) - HKMA established: 1 April 1993 (as of 1993-04-01; source: About the HKMA) - Cross-Harbour Tunnel opens: August 1972 (as of 1972-08; source: Hong Kong: The Facts — Highways) - Kwun Tong Line passenger service: From late 1979 (as of 1979; source: Railway Network (July 2022)) - HZMB opens: 24 October 2018 (as of 2018-10-24; source: Hong Kong: The Facts — Highways) - First reservoir (Pok Fu Lam): Supply began 1863 (as of 1863; source: Waterworks milestones and heritage) - Dongjiang water to Hong Kong: Began after Dongshen scheme completed in 1965 (as of 1965; source: Waterworks milestones and heritage) - Housing Authority established: April 1973 (as of 1973-04; source: About the Housing Authority) - CUHK founded: 17 October 1963 (as of 1963-10-17; source: Founding of CUHK (University Gallery)) - HKUST opens: 10 October 1991 (as of 1991-10-10; source: The birth of HKUST) - PolyU university title: 25 November 1994 (as of 1994-11-25; source: PolyU: History) - HKBU university title: 16 November 1994 (as of 1994-11-16; source: 30 years since HKBU renaming) - ICAC established: 15 February 1974 (as of 1974-02-15; source: ICAC Annual Report 2022) - Hospital Authority established: 1 December 1990 (as of 1990-12-01; source: HA HASLink: 30 years on) - Court of Final Appeal established: 1 July 1997 (as of 1997-07-01; source: Judiciary Fact Sheet) - MPF System begins: 1 December 2000 (as of 2000-12-01; source: 20 years of the MPF System) - EdUHK university title: 27 May 2016 (as of 2016-05-27; source: EdUHK milestones) - SFC established: May 1989 (as of 1989-05; source: SFC: Our role) - Lingnan University title: From July 1999 (as of 1999-07; source: Lingnan University: History and development) - Official Languages Ordinance in force: 15 February 1974 (as of 1974-02-15; source: Official Languages Ordinance (Cap. 5)) - Consumer Council established: April 1974 (as of 1974-04; source: Consumer Council history) - EPD established: 1 April 1986 (as of 1986-04-01; source: EPD Environment Report 2002) - HKTDC established: 1 October 1966 (as of 1966-10-01; source: HKTDC 60th anniversary milestones) - CityU university title: Granted mid-1994 (as of 1994; source: UGC: CityU and other institutions’ path to university title) - Immigration Department established: 4 August 1961 (as of 1961-08-04; source: Immigration Department 60th Anniversary Report) - Airport Authority established: 1 December 1995 (as of 1995-12-01; source: New Airport inquiry report summary) - Hong Kong Disneyland opens: 12 September 2005 (as of 2005-09-12; source: Hong Kong Disneyland Resort: milestones) - West Rail opens: 20 December 2003, 2 p.m. (as of 2003-12-20; source: TD: traffic arrangements for West Rail opening) - Preventive Service / Customs origin: Preventive Service founded 17 September 1909 (as of 1909-09-17; source: Customs: milestones in the past hundred years) - Fire Brigade formed: 9 May 1868 (as of 1868-05-09; source: Fire Services Department: history) - CSD rename: 1 February 1982 (from Prisons Department) (as of 1982-02-01; source: CSD history: 1950s to 1990s) - First post office: Completed November 1841 (as of 1841-11; source: Hongkong Post: history) - SEHK opens: 2 April 1986 (as of 1986-04-02; source: Hong Kong stock market historical events) - HKEX formed: 6 March 2000 (as of 2000-03-06; source: Hong Kong stock market historical events) - RTHK begins broadcasting: 1928 (as of 1928; source: RTHK: About us) - Lands Department established: 1 April 1982 (as of 1982-04-01; source: Lands Department fact sheet) - Planning Department established: 1 January 1990 (as of 1990-01-01; source: Planning Department 35th anniversary) - C&SD established: December 1967 (as of 1967-12; source: Major developments of C&SD (1967–2012)) - Communications Authority established: 1 April 2012 (as of 2012-04-01; source: Communications Authority: Secretariat) - MTRC established: 1975 (as of 1975; source: MTR privatisation bill gazetted) - KCRC established: 24 December 1982 (as of 1982-12-24; source: LegCo FA panel paper on KCRC/AA etc.) - Social Welfare Department established: 1958 (as of 1958; source: CSD history: early period) - Labour Department independent: Became independent department in 1946 (as of 1946; source: Labour Advisory Board report (2005)) - Ocean Park opens: 1977 (as of 1977; source: Ocean Park Annual Report 2014–15) - ArchSD established: 11 April 1986 (as of 1986-04-11; source: ArchSD sustainability report: key facts) - HKCEC opens: 1988 (as of 1988; source: HKCEC: About us) - Buildings Department established: 1 August 1993 (as of 1993-08-01; source: Care For Our Buildings (BD 20th anniversary)) - HKSTPC established: 7 May 2001 (as of 2001-05-07; source: LegCo CI panel: Science Park Phase 2) - Cyberport opening ceremony: 27 June 2003 (as of 2003-06-27; source: Cyberport milestones) - HKMU name adopted: September 2021 (as of 2021-09; source: HKMU: history and milestones) - HK Electric first supply: 1 December 1890 (as of 1890-12-01; source: HK Electric Investments Climate-related Assessment Report 2025) - CLP founded: 1901 (as of 1901; source: About CLP Power) - CAD established: 1 May 1946 (as of 1946-05-01; source: CAD: Kai Tak Airport 1925–1998) - EMSD established: 1982 (EMO formed 1948) (as of 1982; source: EMSD 75th Anniversary Commemorative Booklet) - Highways Department established: 1 June 1986 (as of 1986-06-01; source: Highways Department: organisation) - HKTB established: 1 April 2001 (as of 2001-04-01; source: HKTB: corporate information) - CEDD established: 1 July 2004 (as of 2004-07-01; source: DEVB press release: CED and TDD merger) - IPD established: 2 July 1990 (as of 1990-07-02; source: IPD: introduction, role and functions) - Companies Registry independent: 1 May 1993 (as of 1993-05-01; source: Companies Registry Annual Report 2020–21) - OFTA established: 1 July 1993 (as of 1993-07-01; source: OFCA: telecommunications milestones before 2012) - HKSYU university title: 19 December 2006 (as of 2006-12-19; source: HKSYU: university profile) - FEHD established: 1 January 2000 (as of 2000-01-01; source: Hong Kong: The Facts — FEHD) - LCSD established: 2000 (as of 2000; source: LCSD Annual Report 2008–09: administration) - Police force by ordinance: 1 May 1844 (as of 1844-05-01; source: Hong Kong Police history: the first hundred years) - Hong Kong Observatory established: 1883 (as of 1883; source: History of the Hong Kong Observatory) - DSD established: September 1989 (as of 1989-09; source: DSD sustainability report: drainage through the century) - CHP begins operation: 1 June 2004 (as of 2004-06-01; source: DH press release: Centre for Health Protection begins operation) - TD predecessor independent: 1968 (renamed TD in 1975) (as of 1968; source: Transport Department 50th anniversary booklet) - WSD becomes full department: 1982 (as of 1982; source: WSD: water supply milestones) - ITC established: 1 July 2000 (as of 2000-07-01; source: LegCo TI panel: Commerce Bureau reorganisation / ITC) - Education Bureau name: 1 July 2007 (as of 2007-07-01; source: EDB note on former ED/EMB names) - HKPC established: 1967 (as of 1967; source: HKPC: background) - InvestHK established: 2000 (as of 2000; source: InvestHK 25th anniversary newsletter) - OGCIO established: 1 July 2004 (as of 2004-07-01; source: OGCIO to be established on 1 July) - Digital Policy Office established: July 2024 (as of 2024-07; source: Digital Policy Office: about us) - URA established: May 2001 (as of 2001-05; source: URA: about us) - Geopark joins GGN: 17 September 2011 (as of 2011-09-17; source: Hong Kong Geopark gains global status) - Ombudsman established: 1989 (as of 1989; source: The Ombudsman: who we are) - EOC established: May 1996 (as of 1996-05; source: Introduction to the EOC) - PCPD established: 1 August 1996 (as of 1996-08-01; source: PCPD: key facts and history) - First Director of Audit: 1844 (as of 1844; source: History of the Audit Commission) - Audit Commission rename: 1 July 1997 (as of 1997-07-01; source: History of the Audit Commission) - Rates introduced: 1845 (as of 1845; source: Property Rates in Hong Kong (3rd ed.)) - Government Laboratory dated to: 1879 (as of 1879; source: About the Government Laboratory) - MPFA established: September 1998 (as of 1998-09; source: MPFA 20th anniversary) - TID renamed: 2000 (as of 2000; source: Trade and Industry Department: history) - Competition Tribunal established: December 2015 (as of 2015-12; source: Judiciary Fact Sheet (December 2022)) - UGC established: October 1965 (as of 1965-10; source: UGC Notes: Chapter 1 Introduction) - RGC established: 1991 (as of 1991; source: UGC Notes: Chapter 1 Introduction) - QEF established: 1998 (as of 1998; source: EDB: Quality Education Fund brief) - AFCD name takes effect: 1 January 2000 (as of 2000-01-01; source: LegCo Legal Service: AFCD rename notices) - Science Museum opens: 1991 (as of 1991; source: LCSD: museum services) - Museum of History renamed: 1 April 1998 (as of 1998-04-01; source: Hong Kong Museum of History: introduction) - Space Museum opens: 7 October 1980 (as of 1980-10-07; source: Hong Kong Space Museum: about us) - Cultural Centre opens: 8 November 1989 (as of 1989-11-08; source: HK Cultural Centre 25th anniversary: about) - Museum of Art TST opens: 15 November 1991 (as of 1991-11-15; source: Hong Kong Museum of Art booklet (2023)) - Heritage Museum opens: 17 December 2000 (as of 2000-12-17; source: Hong Kong Heritage Museum: opening exhibition archive) - Film Archive Sai Wan Ho opens: 3 January 2001 (as of 2001-01-03; source: Hong Kong Film Archive: origin) - Central Library opens: May 2001 (as of 2001-05; source: Hong Kong Public Libraries: Central Library introduction) - M+ opens to public: 12 November 2021 (as of 2021-11-12; source: M+: opens to public press release) - Palace Museum opens: 2 July 2022 (as of 2022-07-02; source: Hong Kong Palace Museum: opens to public press release) - HKAPA established: 1 July 1984 (as of 1984-07-01; source: HKAPA Ordinance text (Academy site)) - HKADC becomes statutory: 1 June 1995 (as of 1995-06-01; source: HKADC: cultural arts policies 1950–1997) - Legal Aid Department established: 1 July 1970 (as of 1970-07-01; source: Legal Aid Department 50th: milestones) - Law Reform Commission established: January 1980 (as of 1980-01; source: Law Reform Commission: homepage introduction) - Ngong Ping 360 opens: 18 September 2006 (as of 2006-09-18; source: Ngong Ping 360: corporate overview) - Railway Museum opens: 1985 (as of 1985; source: Heritage Museum: Hong Kong Railway Museum) - Coastal Defence Museum opens: 2000 (as of 2000; source: LCSD: museum services) - Visual Arts Centre opens: 28 April 1992 (as of 1992-04-28; source: Hong Kong Museum of Art: Open Dialogue booklet) - Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum opens: 2006 (as of 2006; source: Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum: about us) - Sam Tung Uk Museum opens: 1987 (as of 1987; source: ICH Office: Sam Tung Uk Museum) - Hong Kong Park opens: May 1991 (as of 1991-05; source: LCSD: Hong Kong Park homepage) - Fireboat gallery opens: 2007 (as of 2007; source: Museum of History: Fireboat Alexander Grantham Gallery) - Wetland Park opens: 20 May 2006 (as of 2006-05-20; source: Hong Kong Wetland Park: about us) - Listed companies on HKEX (mid-2025): 2,586 (as of 2025-06; source: HKEX: List of share issuers) - HKEX total market capitalisation (year-end 2025): HK$4.3 trillion (as of 2025-12; source: HKEX: Market data) - Listed companies by sector (2025): Financials 28%, Industrials 18%, Tech 12%, Real estate 10%, Others 32% (as of 2025; source: Census and Statistics Department) - Entertainment and recreation employment (2024): About 110,000 (as of 2024; source: Census and Statistics Department) - Entertainment and recreation share of GDP (2024): 3.1% (as of 2024; source: Census and Statistics Department) - Ultimate 903 Chart 2025: 10 number-one songs (as of 2025-12; source: GovHK: About Hong Kong) - Hong Kong comic titles published (2024): About 800 titles (as of 2024; source: Hong Kong Public Libraries) - Comic readers share (2024): 28% of population read comics (as of 2024; source: Census and Statistics Department) - Market stall count (2025): About 12,000 stalls (as of 2025; source: Public markets and cooked food markets) - Wet market count (2025): About 80 wet markets (as of 2025; source: Public markets and cooked food markets) - Christian churches count (2025): Over 1,600 (as of 2025; source: Hong Kong Fact Sheet: Religion and Custom) - Taoist temples and Buddhist monasteries count (2025): Over 600 (as of 2025; source: Antiquities and Monuments Office)