繁體中文
嘉慶二十四年（1819）《新安縣志》卷之二 輿地畧一「風俗」門（人手核讀：標目「風俗」喺掃描本第 54 頁上葉末，正文續於同頁下葉同第 55 頁上葉，至跋語「可謹記之以備觀覽焉」止）。門首先引前志論風俗：「自永嘉之際，中州人士避地嶺表，茲邑由來矣」，謂其「模拙成風，巧飾不習」，可謂「非忠厚之遺也」，並記「士勵學術而謹任進」。本文所見：一、民「多重農桑而後商賈」；農人「種田一年兩收」，器用「取渾堅，不事淫巧」。二、房屋「多土牆，但蔽風雨」，至纂修時「尚黝堊，砌以磚石」。三、嫁娶「重門地，至貧不與賤者為婚」。四、邑中舊族「祠有祭田」，歲或一祭二祭，並有瞻學以給子孫之為諸生者、卷資以給重試者、路費以贈公車者，「歲歉則散錢穀以周貧乏」，惟「子孫犯規及為公役者不得入祠」，志評「猶為近古」。五、婚姻「必以檳榔蔞葉茶果之屬，曰過禮」。六、「叩廟見」一節記「嫁女不以粧奩相誇耀，猶尚糖梅」，親友造新婚家索飲曰「打糖梅」，其家速客曰「梅酌」。七、「俗尚巫信鬼」，凡有病或使嫗持衣燎火而招於門，或延道家逐鬼，「角聲嗚嗚然，至宵達旦」，諺云「禾黃鬼出，鬼猶求食，其氣餒以取之也」。八、「稱壽必自六十一始，重一不重十」，志引「魏叔子大易貞元之義」。九、「立春前期一日，有司以土牛芒神迎於南山下」，次日「有事於祖祠」。十、記元宵（掃描本作「元霄」）張燈作樂，正月望後四日另有以針線縫其上、禱於天「謂之補」之俗。十一、記正月十四日及冬至日祀祖「必以宰鴨為敬」，餘節「大畧與荆楚歲時無異」。十二、末段記瀕海之民「多以業漁為生」，其務農者亦能勤，惟「地連東歸二邑，流土雜居」，或田遠不得自耕而為佃所據，至有賤售其業者，志以「抑強扶弱」為念，故「謹記之以備觀覽焉」。呢條係由公共領域掃描本人手核讀出嚟嘅內容事實，同志錄並排對照：《香港志》志錄有一條（編號 EV-undated-697，日期註「清嘉慶」，地點「新安縣」）逐字引同一段——「清嘉慶《新安縣志》記載，民眾成婚之際，須備檳榔、蔞葉、茶果一類物品致送，這種習俗稱為『過禮』」——同掃描本「婚姻必以檳榔蔞葉茶果之屬，曰過禮」對得上，即志錄同縣志喺「過禮」一點互相印證（志錄該條屬「未繫年」層，本站唔會代佢填年份）。其餘各項（土牛芒神、祭田瞻學、打糖梅、稱壽、業漁等）志錄未收，屬未配對，唔會硬配。縣志所記係 1819 年新安縣全境（涵蓋今日香港同深圳）之俗，本站唔會逐項當成香港一地習俗。另「天〔穿?〕」一詞字形待高倍覆核，見 HANDOVER。
English
The “Customs” section of juan 2 (“Geography”) in the Jiaqing 24 (1819) Xin’an County Gazetteer (read by hand; the heading stands at the end of the upper leaf of page 54 of the scan, the text running through that leaf’s lower half and the upper leaf of page 55, and ending with the closing note “may be recorded so that it can be consulted”) opens with an earlier gazetteer’s verdict: settlers came south from the central plains after the Yongjia era, so the county’s manners are plain rather than polished — “truly not a legacy of disloyalty” — while scholars “diligently study and are careful in seeking office”. The body records twelve points. One: many value farming and mulberry above trade; farmers reap two harvests a year and their utensils are plain and solid rather than cleverly ornamented. Two: houses were mostly mud-walled for shelter from wind and rain, whitewashed and built with brick and stone by the time of compilation. Three: marriages value family standing, so that even the poorest will not marry into a base family. Four: old lineages keep sacrificial fields for their halls, with one or two sacrifices a year, funds for students, for examination candidates and for travel to the capital, and in lean years they distribute money and grain to relieve the poor; descendants who break the rules or serve as public runners may not enter the hall — a practice the gazetteer calls “still close to the ancients”. Five: betrothal requires areca nut, betel leaf, tea and fruit, called “passing the rites”. Six: a subsection on visiting the hall notes that brides are not vaunted for their dowries but sweet plums are still favoured, friends coming to the newly-weds’ house to drink being called “beating the sweet plum” and the household’s feast for them “plum drinking”. Seven: customs favour shamans and belief in ghosts, so the sick may have an old woman wave a burning garment at the door, or Daoists summoned to drive out ghosts with horns sounding until dawn, with the proverb “when the rice yellows, ghosts come out, and ghosts still seek food”. Eight: birthdays are reckoned from sixty-one, counting the one and not the ten, glossed with Wei Shuzi’s reading of the Changes. Nine: the day before the start of spring the authorities welcome the clay ox and the herd-boy spirit at the foot of the southern hills, with rites at the ancestral hall the next day. Ten: at the Lantern Festival lanterns are hung and music played, and on the fourth day after the full moon of the first month a custom of stitching offerings and praying to heaven is called “mending”. Eleven: sacrifices to ancestors on the fourteenth of the first month and at the winter solstice must honour the duck, other festivals being broadly the same as the Jing-Chu calendar. Twelve: coastal people mostly live by fishing while those who farm work hard, though the county borders two other districts with mixed native and immigrant populations, and some who cannot work distant fields end up dependent on tenants, even selling their holdings cheaply — the gazetteer ends by holding to “supporting the weak against the strong”, and so “records this for consultation”. This content fact was read by hand from the public-domain scan and set alongside the Chronicles archive, which carries one record (EV-undated-697, dated “Qing, Jiaqing”, place “Xin’an county”) quoting the very same passage — that the Jiaqing gazetteer records betrothal gifts of areca nut, betel leaf, tea and fruit called “passing the rites” — so archive and gazetteer confirm each other on this point (the archive record sits in its undated layer, and this site does not assign it a year). The remaining items (the clay ox and herd-boy spirit, lineage-hall fields and school funds, “beating the sweet plum”, the sixty-first birthday, fishing livelihoods) are not in the archive and are left unmatched rather than forced. The customs described are those of the whole 1819 county, today’s Hong Kong and Shenzhen alike, and are never attributed to Hong Kong alone. One word, the name of the first-month custom, awaits verification at higher magnification — see HANDOVER.
出處：掃描本：《廣州大典》第三十五輯·史部方志類·第六十三冊，嘉慶《新安縣志》卷之二 輿地畧一「風俗」門：標目「風俗」喺掃描本第 54 頁上葉末，正文續於同頁下葉同第 55 頁上葉（同頁下葉版心實測題「卷之二 風俗」；第 55 頁上葉版心題「卷之二 風俗」，頁次十），至門末跋語「可謹記之以備觀覽焉」止（緊接其後即「墟市」標目，屬另一門）；Commons sha1 ad357f97…。掃描本冇可用文字層（抽出嚟係字形編號、冇 ToUnicode），內容一律人手核讀：見 scripts/ocr-pd-gazetteer-scans.swift。Provenance: Scan: Guangzhou Dadian, series 35 (local gazetteers), volume 63 — the Jiaqing Xin’an County Gazetteer, juan 2 (“Geography”), the “Customs” section: its heading stands at the end of the upper leaf of page 54 of the scan and the text runs on through that leaf’s lower half and the upper leaf of page 55 (both leaves’ running heads read “juan 2, Customs”, folio 10), ending with the section’s closing note “may be recorded so that it can be consulted”, immediately before the heading “Markets”, which belongs to the next section; Commons sha1 ad357f97…. The scan has no usable text layer (extraction yields glyph codes with no ToUnicode mapping), so its content is read by hand — see scripts/ocr-pd-gazetteer-scans.swift.