繁體中文
嘉慶二十四年（1819）《新安縣志》卷之二 輿地畧一「氣候」門（人手核讀：掃描本第 52 頁上下兩葉）。首段總述：「粵為炎服，多燠而少寒，三冬無雪，四時似夏」，秋氣「其舒早其肅遲」；縣境「介歸莞之間，西南濱海，厥土塗泥，水氣上蒸」，春夏淫霖令「庭戶流泉，衣生白醭」，秋冬之間時多南風而「礎潤地濕，人腠理疏而多汗」，諺曰「急脫急着，強於服藥」，總評「此氣候之大較也」。門內另立「風異 附」記風災：六月同七八月有颶風，「其作也斷虹先兆，雲凝不行，雷隱不動，海氣沸騰，磯石響，水禽避，狂颶乍起乍息，常有過夜北風；其成也毀屋殺稼，拔木沉舟」；颶風「其息也必轉東蕩西而南然後停止，謂之回南」，若不回南則「間日復發」，諺曰「颶母不回南，再來不待三」；風之暴者「不久，或數時或一日夜」，柔者「愈久，或二三夜而後息」。另記節氣逢鬼宿而成風：「凡歲一鬼打節有一颶，三鬼打節有三颶——鬼，鬼宿也；打節者，或立春立夏等節逢鬼宿也」；又記「石尤風」作與颶風同，惟「颶風起止俗謂對時，石尤則畧異」；再記海氣腥為暴風之兆、雲脚疏直謂之「風路」（舟人即徙舟避之）、東南北驟作謂之「北暴」、「鹹頭」、「泥浪」（「此則較颶風少遜，又不必回南而後息」）；末記以時占風（諺云「朝發三，晚發七，晝發不過日」）同以潮占風（諺云「潮生則風起，潮退則風止」，即泥浪之風），並云「近海多風」。「氣候」門物候分兩層：先引《廣東通志》〈廣東月令〉記正月「桃李花盛，柔桑可採，二麥黃，老圃種薑剪韭，田功既興」、二月「雷發聲，虹蜺見，魚苗生，木棉橘柚華，是月也農功畢作」；再由三月續至十二月逐月記物候（掃描本第 53 頁上葉），所見如三月溫風至、梅子熟，四月榴火明、榕成蔭，五月朱荔熟、蟬大噪，六月白雨足、西潦至、颶母乘潮，七月秧針碧，八月木芙蓉、花梨栗熟，九月木樨瘴、薯登、白欖落，十月嶺梅開、八蠶功畢，十一月桃始華、冬笋出、楓漸丹，十二月水仙來賓、梅乃大放。（其中一兩個物候詞字形待高倍覆核，見 HANDOVER。）末為「占候 附」（標目喺第 53 頁上葉末，正文第 53 頁下葉至第 54 頁上葉），按十二月記農事占驗：正月「元旦暗有雨，諺云乾冬濕年禾穀滿田」，又記正月初六、十六、二十六日晴之兆同「立春晴一日，農夫耕田不用力」、「立春前一日有雨則一春皆雨」；二月「俗以春分社占豐歉」，諺云「春分在社前，斗米斗錢」（言穀貴）、「春分社後，斗米斗豆」（言穀賤），又曰「雨打驚蟄節」，並記「二月雨不歇，三月乾耙田，四月禾生節」（言無水插秧）；三月「俗謂清明晴則諸物豐蠶少」，諺云「清明須用晴，穀雨須用雨」；四月諺云「小滿池塘滿，不滿天大旱」；五月「夏至雨云洗倉」（禾米貴），又以二十為分龍日、二十五為回龍日，不雨則歉，曰「分龍不下回龍下」，並記「白撞雨」（月晴天片雲、雨頃刻至者）同諺云「早禾望白撞，翻藁望偷淋」（偷淋者夜雨也）；六月「喜初六晴，禾無虫，早稻有收」，十二日多風俗呼「彭祖忌」，無風則雨；七月「立秋小利，小雨吉，大風雨傷禾」，縱然結實也難收；八月初一日風雨則穀貴、人民災、虹見；九月諺云「霜降值金一晴一陰」、「重陽無雨一冬晴」、「寒露風」；十月朔晴則一冬暖，風雨主旱而菻子貴，霜則明年正月雨，霧則明年二月雨；十一月「冬至晴百物成」；十二月「小寒晴早禾熟，大寒晴晚禾」。呢條係由公共領域掃描本人手核讀出嚟嘅內容事實，唔屬志錄抽取層：志錄另有大量逐年颶風災害記錄（屬災害層，唔係縣志呢一門嘅氣候民俗占驗），兩者層次唔同，唔會當成互證。因此本條只附掃描本頁碼同 Commons sha1 作證，亦唔會把縣志氣候觀測寫成香港統計數字。
English
The “Climate” section of juan 2 (“Geography”) in the Jiaqing 24 (1819) Xin’an County Gazetteer (read by hand from both leaves of page 52 of the scan) opens by placing the county in the hot southern zone: much warmth and little cold, no snow in the three winter months, summers that last all year; autumn “unfolds early and tightens late”. Set between Dongguan and the sea to the south-west, with muddy soils, the county sees spring and summer rains so heavy that courtyards run like springs and clothes grow white mould; between autumn and winter southerly winds leave floors damp and people sweating, and a proverb advises stripping off and putting on again quickly rather than taking medicine — the section calls this “the general outline of the climate”. An appendix, “Anomalous winds”, records typhoons in the sixth, seventh and eighth months: a broken rainbow first, clouds frozen, thunder muffled, the sea boiling, reef rocks sounding, water birds fleeing; “when it forms it destroys houses, ruins crops, uproots trees and sinks boats”; and “when it dies it must turn east, sweep west and then south before it stops — this is called turning south”; if it does not turn south it returns every other day, hence the proverb “if the typhoon mother does not turn south, the next visit will not wait for a third”. Storms are either brief (hours or a day and a night) or long (two or three nights). The text also explains gales that come when a solar term falls on the Ghost lunar mansion (one such festival in a year brings one typhoon, three bring three), the “Shi You wind” that behaves like a typhoon but is reckoned differently, and lesser signs: a fishy smell in the sea air foretells a storm, straight-hanging cloud feet mark a “wind road” that boatmen avoid, and sudden north-east-south gusts are called “northern blast”, “salt head” or “mud wave” — weaker than a typhoon and needing no southward turn to die down. It ends with wind lore by hour (“three at dawn, seven at dusk, a daytime blow lasts but a day”) and by tide (“wind rises as the tide rises, and stops as it falls”), adding that “there is much wind near the sea”. Phenology comes in two layers: first the “Guangdong monthly ordinances” quoted from the Guangdong General Gazetteer (first month: peach and plum in flower, mulberry ready to pick, the two wheats yellow, the old gardener planting ginger and cutting leeks, farm work begun; second month: thunder, rainbow, fish fry, cotton-tree and citrus in flower, farm work complete), then month-by-month entries from the third to the twelfth month on page 53 of the scan (third: warm winds, plums ripe; fourth: pomegranate blossom bright, banyan shade; fifth: lychees ripe, cicadas loud; sixth: white rain, summer floods, typhoon mothers riding the tide; seventh: green rice shoots; eighth: hibiscus, pear and chestnut ripe; ninth: osmanthus haze, taros, white olives; tenth: mountain plums open, the eight-brood silkworms finish; eleventh: peaches begin to flower, winter bamboo shoots, maples reddening; twelfth: narcissus as guest, plums in full bloom; one or two of these terms await verification at higher magnification — see HANDOVER). The appended “Weather lore” (heading at the end of the upper leaf of page 53, text on its lower leaf and the upper leaf of page 54) gives month-by-month prognostications: rain on New Year’s Day means “dry winter, wet year, grain filling the fields”; the sixth, sixteenth and twenty-sixth of the first month each carry a sign; “fine at the start of spring, the farmer ploughs without effort”; the second month judges the harvest by whether the spring equinox falls before or after the village festival (“rice at a coin a peck” if before, “rice at a bean a peck” if after), with “rain beating the Waking of Insects term” and the sequence that no let-up in the second month means a dry third and no water to transplant in the fourth; “fine at Qingming, wet at Grain Rain”; “a full pond at Grain in Ear, or a great drought”; rain at the summer solstice “washes the granary” and means dear rice, while the twentieth and twenty-fifth are the “dividing dragon” and “returning dragon” days; “white-crash rain” (a sudden downpour under a clear sky) is what the early rice hopes for; fine weather on the sixth of the sixth month keeps the crop free of insects, and wind on the twelfth is the “Pengzu taboo” — no wind, then rain; the seventh month’s start of autumn brings small gains, light rain is lucky, and wind and rain damage the crop; rain on the first of the eighth month means dear grain and sickness; the ninth month’s proverbs turn on frost descent, the Double Ninth and cold dew; the tenth month’s first day tells the winter, the next spring’s rains and the price of rapeseed; “fine at the winter solstice, all things ripen”; and in the twelfth month, fine weather at Minor Cold ripens the early rice and at Major Cold the late rice. This content fact was read by hand from the public-domain scan and does not belong to the extracted archive layer: the Chronicles archive holds many year-by-year typhoon damage records, a different layer from this gazetteer section of climate lore, so the two are never treated as cross-evidence. The entry therefore cites only the scan pages and the Commons sha1, and never turns the gazetteer’s climate observations into Hong Kong statistics.
出處：掃描本：《廣州大典》第三十五輯·史部方志類·第六十三冊，嘉慶《新安縣志》卷之二 輿地畧一「氣候」門正文、「風異 附」、引《廣東通志》〈廣東月令〉逐月物候同「占候 附」：掃描本第 52 頁上下兩葉（「氣候」標目喺上葉；上葉版心實測題「卷之二 氣候」，頁次五）、第 53 頁上下兩葉（版心「卷之二 月令」，「占候 附」標目喺上葉末）同第 54 頁上葉；Commons sha1 ad357f97…。掃描本冇可用文字層（抽出嚟係字形編號、冇 ToUnicode），內容一律人手核讀：見 scripts/ocr-pd-gazetteer-scans.swift。Provenance: Scan: Guangzhou Dadian, series 35 (local gazetteers), volume 63 — the Jiaqing Xin’an County Gazetteer, juan 2 (“Geography”), the “Climate” section with its appendix on anomalous winds, the month-by-month phenology quoted from the Guangdong General Gazetteer’s “Guangdong monthly ordinances”, and the appended “Weather lore”: both leaves of page 52 of the scan (the heading “Climate” stands on the upper leaf; that leaf’s running head reads “juan 2, Climate”, folio 5), both leaves of page 53 (running head “juan 2, Monthly ordinances”; the heading “Weather lore, appended” stands at the end of its upper leaf) and the upper leaf of page 54; Commons sha1 ad357f97…. The scan has no usable text layer (extraction yields glyph codes with no ToUnicode mapping), so its content is read by hand — see scripts/ocr-pd-gazetteer-scans.swift.