繁體中文
嘉慶二十四年（1819）《新安縣志》以「卷之首 訓典」開卷，即全書第一卷唔係沿革、唔係疆域，而係國家頒落縣學嘅教化文獻——呢一點喺掃描本第 14 頁目錄同第 16 頁卷端同時核到（目錄以「卷首 訓典」列喺「卷之一 沿革志」之前；卷端題「新安縣志卷之首」「訓典」）。內容分兩段：第一段題「世祖章皇帝」，紀年「順治九年二月」，記「禮部題定」「刊立臥碑」「曉示生員」；臥碑本文由「朝廷建立學校，選取生員，免其丁糧，厚以廩膳」講起，續寫設學院、學道、學官以教之，各衙門以禮相待，要「養成賢才，以供朝廷之用」，並要諸生「上報國恩，下立人品」，然後逐條開列教條——掃描本該葉可見其中一條講生員父母賢愚：父母賢知者子當受教；父母愚魯或有非為，子既讀書明理，當再三懇告，使父母不陷於危亡。第二段題「聖祖仁皇帝」，紀年「康熙十八年」，列「上諭十六條」，本文由「敦孝弟以重人倫」起句，其後依次為「篤宗族以昭雍睦」「和鄉黨以息爭訟」「重農桑以足衣食」「尚節儉以惜財用」「隆學校以端士習」等——即今日通稱嘅聖諭十六條，逐條四字對句、以「以」字連上下兩意。兩處要如實講清楚：一、縣志此處把上諭十六條題作「康熙十八年」，同後世常見嘅頒行年份講法未必一致；本站只照掃描本抄錄年份，唔代改、唔代換算，該差異列作待核，唔會自行補一個「正確」年份。二、臥碑教條同聖諭十六條嘅全文，本輪只逐字核到上列各句；其餘條文未逐條高倍核讀，所以本站只列已核到嘅部分，唔會把後世輯本逐條補齊（列缺口）。同志錄並排對照：《香港志》志錄 1819 年條目集中記村莊數目、汛地、物產、氏族等（例如 EV-18190000-19 本籍客籍村莊數、EV-18190000-35 大嶼山汛同紅香爐汛），未見以「訓典」立條；縣志把教化文獻放喺卷首，係志書體例嘅一手證據，同志錄嘅記事件角度唔同，兩者唔可以互相當第二來源。
English
The Jiaqing 24 (1819) Xin’an County Gazetteer opens with a prefatory juan headed “Instructions and statutes”: the first thing in the book is not the annals of change and not the territory, but the edifying texts the state issued to the county school. This is confirmed twice on the scan — the table of contents on page 14 lists “Prefatory juan: Instructions and statutes” before “juan 1, Annals of change”, and the juan opening on page 16 reads “Xin’an County Gazetteer, prefatory juan”, “Instructions and statutes”. The juan has two parts. The first is headed “Emperor Shizu” and dated “second month of Shunzhi 9”: the Board of Rites is recorded as having fixed the text and had a stele cut and set up to instruct the county-school students. The stele text begins “the court establishes schools, selects students, exempts them from corvée and grain and supports them generously with stipends”, goes on to describe the schools, the education officials and the courtesy with which every office should treat students, says the aim is to “train men of worth for the court’s use”, requires students to “repay the state’s grace above and establish their character below”, and then lists its articles one by one — on the leaf in question, one article concerns the students’ parents: where the parents are worthy and sensible the son should accept their teaching; where they are dull or behave badly, the son, having read books and understood principle, should remonstrate again and again so that they do not fall into ruin. The second part is headed “Emperor Shengzu”, dated “Kangxi 18”, and gives the “Sacred Edict in sixteen articles”, opening with “diligence in filial piety and fraternal duty, to weight human relations” and continuing with “sincerity in the clan, to display harmony”, “peace among neighbours, to settle disputes”, “emphasis on farming and sericulture, to fill clothing and food”, “prizing thrift, to husband resources”, “exalting schools, to rectify the scholars’ habits” and so on — the sixteen maxims, each a four-character pair joined by the word “in order to”. Two points are stated plainly: first, the gazetteer dates the edict to Kangxi 18, which may not agree with the promulgation date commonly given in later literature; this site prints the gazetteer’s year exactly and neither emends it nor converts it, recording the discrepancy as pending verification rather than supplying a “correct” year of its own. Second, of the stele articles and the sixteen maxims this pass verified only the sentences quoted above; the remaining articles were not read character by character, so this site lists only what was verified and does not fill the rest in from later compiled editions (recorded as a gap). Set beside the Hong Kong Chronicles archive, whose 1819 entries concentrate on village counts, garrisons, products and lineages (for example EV-18190000-19 on indigenous and Hakka village totals, EV-18190000-35 on the Lantau and Hung Heung Lo watch posts) and carry no entry on the “Instructions and statutes”: the gazetteer’s decision to place edifying state texts at the head of the book is itself first-hand evidence of its structure, but the two sources record different kinds of thing and cannot serve as second sources for each other.
出處：掃描本：《廣州大典》第三十五輯·史部方志類·第六十三冊，嘉慶《新安縣志》卷之首「訓典」——掃描本第 16 頁上下兩葉（2000 px 全葉圖）；版心逐葉題「新安縣志 卷之首 訓典」，頁次一、二；卷端題「新安縣志卷之首」「訓典（恭見凡例第一條）」；同書目錄（掃描本第 14 頁）以「卷首 訓典」開列，列喺「卷之一 沿革志」之前。Commons sha1 ad357f97…。掃描本冇可用文字層，內容一律人手核讀：見 scripts/ocr-pd-gazetteer-scans.swift。Provenance: Scan: Guangzhou Dadian, series 35 (local gazetteers), volume 63 — the Jiaqing Xin’an County Gazetteer, the prefatory juan, section “Instructions and statutes”, on both leaves of page 16 of the scan (2,000 px full-leaf render); the running heads read “Xin’an County Gazetteer, prefatory juan, Instructions and statutes”, folios one and two, and the juan opening reads “Xin’an County Gazetteer, prefatory juan”, “Instructions and statutes (see the first head of the general rules)”. The table of contents of the same book (page 14 of the scan) opens with “Prefatory juan: Instructions and statutes”, placed before “juan 1, Annals of change”. Commons sha1 ad357f97…. The scan has no usable text layer, so its content is read by hand: see scripts/ocr-pd-gazetteer-scans.swift.