孫中山

繁體中文

孫中山（1866–1925），名文，字德明，號逸仙，1866年11月12日生於廣東香山縣翠亨村。他十二歲隨母到檀香山接受西式教育，1883年返國後到香港入讀拔萃書室，1884年4月轉入中央書院（皇仁書院前身），同年5月4日由公理宗傳教士喜嘉理牧師施洗成為基督徒。1887年10月香港華人西醫書院成立，他係首屆學生，1892年7月以第一名畢業，與江英華同為香港培訓嘅第一批華人西醫；求學期間他常與陳少白、尢列、楊鶴齡議論時政，人稱「四大寇」。1894年11月他在檀香山創立興中會，1895年香港興中會總會成立，喺中環士丹頓街以商號「乾亨行」作掩飾，由楊衢雲任會長、他任秘書。同年10月26日乙未廣州起義失敗，陸皓東等被捕就義，他與楊衢雲被通緝，香港政府更喺清廷壓力下頒令二人五年內不准入境。1896年他在倫敦被清廷使館綁架，經康德黎營救獲釋，事件令他聲名大噪。1900年他策動惠州起義，1905年在東京創立中國同盟會並任總理，先後發動多次起義。1911年10月10日武昌起義成功，他於1912年1月1日在南京就任中華民國臨時大總統，同年4月讓位與袁世凱；此後他經歷二次革命同護法運動，1919年改組中華革命黨為中國國民黨。1923年2月他應邀在香港大學演講，坦言香港係他革命思想嘅發源地。1924年他創辦黃埔軍校，1925年3月12日在北京協和醫院病逝，享年五十八歲，1929年安葬於南京中山陵。

English

Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925), born Sun Wen in Cuiheng village, Xiangshan county, Guangdong, went to Hawaii at twelve for a Western education; returning in 1883 he entered the Diocesan Home (forerunner of Diocesan Boys' School) in Hong Kong, transferred to the Central School (later Queen's College) in April 1884 and was baptised by the American Congregational missionary Charles Hager on 4 May 1884. When the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese opened in October 1887 he was in its first intake, graduating top of the class in July 1892 with Kong Ying-wat — the college's first graduates and Hong Kong's first locally trained Chinese doctors; as a student he debated politics with Chan Siu-bak, Yau Lit and Yeung Hok-ling, a group known as the 'Four Bandits'. In November 1894 he founded the Revive China Society (Xingzhonghui) in Honolulu; in 1895 its Hong Kong headquarters opened, fronted by the 'Kon Hang Hong' shop on Staunton Street, with Yeung Ku-wan as president and Sun as secretary. The Guangzhou uprising of 26 October 1895 failed, Luk Ho-tung and others were executed, and under Qing pressure Hong Kong barred both leaders from entering for five years. Kidnapped by the Qing legation in London in 1896 and freed through James Cantlie's intervention, he became internationally known. He directed the Huizhou uprising in 1900 and founded the Chinese United League in Tokyo in 1905 as its premier, launching a series of uprisings before the Wuchang revolt of 10 October 1911 succeeded. Sworn in as Provisional President of the Republic of China in Nanjing on 1 January 1912, he stepped down for Yuan Shikai that April; after the second revolution and the constitutional protection movement he reorganised the party as the Kuomintang in 1919. In February 1923 he told an audience at the University of Hong Kong that the city was the birthplace of his revolutionary thinking. He founded the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924 and died of cancer in Beijing on 12 March 1925, aged 58; he was interred in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing in 1929.