革命人物 / Revolutionary figure

楊衢雲

Yeung Ku-wan

1861年–1901年

領域:教育工作者

繁體中文

楊衢雲名飛鴻,字肇春,號衢雲,祖籍福建海澄,1861年生於廣東東莞。他年幼隨父來港,入讀聖保羅書院;十四歲到船廠學機械,因工業意外失去右手三指,於是改習英文,畢業後任教聖若瑟書院,其後轉任招商局總書記及沙宣洋行副經理。1892年(一說1890年)他與謝纘泰等十餘人在上環百子里組織輔仁文社,由他任社長,以「開通民智」為宗旨,社員多為洋行職員及知識分子,被視為近代中國最早的反清革命團體之一;他同時加入洪門。1895年初孫中山來港,經輔仁文社成員尢列撮合,檀香山興中會與輔仁文社合併為興中會總會,並於2月在香港正式成立;楊衢雲當選總會長(當時稱總辦),孫中山任秘書,並在中環開設商號「乾亨行」作掩飾,同年10月10日興中會在香港開會,推舉他為起義後臨時政府的「合眾政府首任總統」,其會長任期由1895年延至1900年。1895年10月興中會在廣州起義,他在香港任總指揮,事機不密,陸皓東等七十多人被捕,他與孫中山雙雙被通緝,香港政府在清廷壓力下迫令二人離境,五年內不准入境。他經新加坡流亡南非約翰尼斯堡,再轉往日本,在各地發展興中會。1900年1月他辭去總會長一職,由孫中山接任;同年他從日本到香港發動惠州起義,失敗後年底返港,在中環結志街52號設私塾教授英文養妻兒。1901年1月10日,清廷刺客陳林闖入結志街52號二樓寓所將他槍傷,他翌日逝世,終年三十九歲。謝纘泰為他安排下葬跑馬地香港墳場,並設計無字斷柱式墓碑,只刻上編號6348,以免清廷干擾。2011年9月香港特區政府在該墓碑豎立生平說明牌;今日結志街52號與百子里分別為孫中山史蹟徑第7、8站。

English

Yang Quyun, style names Siu-chun and Ku-wan, was born in Dongguan, Guangdong in 1861 to a family from Haicheng, Fujian. He came to Hong Kong as a child and studied at St Paul's College; at fourteen he entered a shipyard to learn engineering, lost three fingers of his right hand in an accident and turned to English studies, teaching at St Joseph's College before becoming secretary of the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company and deputy manager of Sassoon & Co. Around 1892 (some accounts say 1890) he and Tse Tsun-tai and a dozen others founded the Furen Literary Society in Pak Tsz Lane, Sheung Wan, with Yang as its head and the aim of 'enlightening the people' - regarded as one of the earliest anti-Qing revolutionary bodies in modern China; he also joined the Triads. After Sun Yat-sen came to Hong Kong in early 1895 and was introduced by Yau Lit, the Honolulu Revive China Society merged with the Furen Literary Society to form the Hong Kong head office of the Revive China Society, formally established in February, and Yang was elected its president (then called chong-pan), with Sun as secretary; the firm Hong Heng was opened in Central as a front, and on 10 October 1895 a meeting elected Yang provisional president of the projected 'republican government' should the rising succeed. In October 1895 he commanded the Guangzhou uprising from Hong Kong; the plot leaked, more than seventy men were arrested, and both Yang and Sun were proscribed, with the Hong Kong government ordering them out of the territory for five years. He fled via Singapore to Johannesburg and then to Japan, building the society abroad. In January 1900 he resigned the presidency to Sun; that year he came from Japan to Hong Kong to launch the Huizhou uprising and, after its failure, returned at the end of the year and opened a tutorial school at 52 Gage Street, teaching English to support his family. On 10 January 1901 the Qing assassin Chan Lam shot him in his flat above 52 Gage Street; he died the next day, aged 39. Tse Tsun-tai arranged his burial in the Hong Kong Cemetery and designed a nameless broken-column marker bearing only the number 6348 to protect it from the Qing authorities. In September 2011 the HKSAR government installed an information plaque at the grave recognising his role in the revolution.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

革命家、洋行職員、教師

年期Active period

1861年–1901年

代表作Notable works

創立輔仁文社;出任興中會首任總會長(總辦)

獎項及榮譽Awards & honours

無字墓碑(香港墳場編號6348),2011年獲特區政府豎立生平說明牌

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-13

權威檔 Authority record

一個人一個穩定代號(slug)同呢幾項別名,跨頁統一引用;外連指向同一人物的權威出處。

  • 楊飛鴻 · name

    本名

  • 楊肇春 · name

    字

同一權威識別:https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11119215

主要成就 Key Achievements

1892

與謝纘泰等在上環百子里組織輔仁文社,任社長。

With Tse Tsun-tai and others, founded the Furen Literary Society in Pak Tsz Lane, Sheung Wan, and served as its head.

1895

當選興中會總會長(總辦),並在香港指揮廣州起義。

Elected president of the Revive China Society and commanded the Guangzhou uprising from Hong Kong.

1900

辭去興中會總會長,同年從日本返港策動惠州起義。

Resigned the society's presidency and returned from Japan that year to launch the Huizhou uprising.

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

楊衢雲是輔仁文社的創辦人,也是興中會首任總會長,1895年廣州起義由他在香港指揮。他其後流亡南非、日本,繼續發展革命組織,1901年在結志街遭清廷刺客槍殺。謝纘泰為他設立的無字墓碑與2011年特區政府豎立的生平說明牌,使這段革命史得以保存。

English

Yang Quyun founded the Furen Literary Society and became the first president of the Revive China Society, commanding the 1895 Guangzhou uprising from Hong Kong. After being proscribed he organised the movement from South Africa and Japan, and was shot by a Qing assassin in Gage Street in 1901. The nameless gravestone arranged by Tse Tsun-tai, and the biographical plaque installed by the HKSAR government in 2011, keep his role in the revolution on record.

相關地區 Related Places

同類人物 Same category

睇晒 革命人物 全部名單 →

資料來源 Sources

← 返回人物目錄

↑