楊衢雲

繁體中文

楊衢雲（1861–1901），名飛鴻，字肇春，號衢雲，祖籍福建海澄，生於廣東東莞。他年幼隨父來港，入讀聖保羅書院；十四歲到船廠學機械，因工業意外失去右手三指，於是改習英文，畢業後任教聖若瑟書院，其後轉任招商局總書記同沙宣洋行副經理。1890年（一說1892年）他與謝纘泰等十餘人在上環百子里組織輔仁文社，由他任社長，以「開通民智」、「盡心愛國」為宗旨，被視為近代中國最早嘅反清革命團體之一；他同時加入洪門。1893年孫中山來港，經輔仁文社成員尢列撮合，檀香山興中會同輔仁文社合併為興中會，楊衢雲當選總會長（當時叫總辦，即 President），孫中山任秘書，並喺中環開設商號「乾亨行」作掩飾。1895年10月興中會在廣州起義，他喺香港任總指揮，可惜事機不密，陸皓東等七十多人被捕，他同孫中山雙雙被通緝，香港政府喺清廷壓力下迫令二人離境，五年內不准入境。他經新加坡流亡南非約翰尼斯堡，再轉往日本，繼續在各地發展興中會。1900年1月他辭去總會長一職，由孫中山接任；同年他從日本到香港發動惠州起義，失敗後年底返港，喺中環結志街52號設私塾教授英文養妻兒。1901年1月10日，清廷刺客陳林闖入結志街52號二樓寓所將他槍傷，他翌日逝世，終年三十九歲。謝纘泰為他安排下葬跑馬地香港墳場，並設計無字斷柱式墓碑，只刻上編號6348，以免清廷干擾。2011年9月香港特區政府在該墓碑豎立生平說明牌，肯定他對革命的貢獻；今日結志街52號同百子里分別係孫中山史蹟徑第7、8站。

English

Yeung Ku-wan (1861–1901), style names Siu-chun and Ku-wan, was born in Dongguan, Guangdong, to a family from Haicheng, Fujian. He came to Hong Kong as a child and studied at St Paul's College; at fourteen he entered a shipyard to learn engineering, lost three fingers of his right hand in an accident and turned to English studies, teaching at St Joseph's College before becoming secretary of the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company and deputy manager of Sassoon & Co. Around 1890 (some accounts say 1892) he and Tse Tsun-tai and a dozen others founded the Furen Literary Society in Pak Tsz Lane, Sheung Wan, with Yeung as its head and the mottoes 'enlighten the people' and 'serve the country with all one's heart' — regarded as one of the earliest anti-Qing revolutionary bodies in modern China; he also joined the Triads. After Sun Yat-sen came to Hong Kong in 1893 and was introduced by Yau Lit, the Honolulu Revive China Society merged with the Furen Literary Society, and Yeung was elected its president (then called chong-pan), with Sun as secretary and the 'Kon Hang Hong' shop in Central as a front. In October 1895 he commanded the Guangzhou uprising from Hong Kong; the plot leaked, more than seventy men including Luk Ho-tung were arrested, and both Yeung and Sun were proscribed, with the Hong Kong government ordering them out of the territory and banning their return for five years. He fled via Singapore to Johannesburg and then to Japan, building the society abroad. In January 1900 he resigned the presidency to Sun; that year he came from Japan to Hong Kong to launch the Huizhou uprising and, after its failure, returned at the end of the year and opened a tutorial school at 52 Gage Street in Central, teaching English to support his family. On 10 January 1901 the Qing assassin Chan Lam shot him in his flat above 52 Gage Street; he died the next day, aged 39. Tse Tsun-tai arranged his burial in the Hong Kong Cemetery at Happy Valley and designed a nameless broken-column marker bearing only the number 6348 to protect it from the Qing authorities. In September 2011 the HKSAR government installed an information plaque at the grave recognising his contribution to the revolution; today 52 Gage Street and Pak Tsz Lane are stops 7 and 8 of the Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail.