遠古時間軸 / 地質年代 / 原文只有時代標籤

地質年代 · 原文只有時代標籤

Geological time · period-labelled entries

第 2 頁(共 4 頁):呢一批志錄條目原文只寫時代(例如「公元前214年」 「明天順年間」「石炭紀」),冇精確西曆年,所以入唔到逐年頁。全批 306 條,本頁顯示 100 條。

Page 2 of 4: 100 of 306 archive entries whose source gives a period label only, each with its page number and citation. No year is inferred.

地質年代條目逐條附第二來源(土力工程處《香港地質導賞書》)標記;判定規則同對唔上嘅原因見時代總覽嗰一節。

引用每條都可以引用:按條目下面嘅「引用呢條」,可以揀中文腳註/中文參考書目/APA/Chicago 四種格式並複製。 書名、出版者、年份同頁碼一律由已登記來源同生成檔派生,頁面一條都唔會手寫;年份取來源登記嘅出版年, 來源未登記出版年嘅,引文改用查閱日期並寫明。

Every entry is citable. Press “Cite this entry” for a Chinese footnote, Chinese bibliography, APA or Chicago note — all derived from the registered source and the generated archive, never hand-written. If a registered source has no publication year, the citation prints the access date and says so.

冇 JavaScript 都用得:來源書目模板 / Source patterns (no JavaScript needed)

《香港志·自然》自然環境 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment

中文腳註香港地方志中心,《香港志·自然》自然環境(查閱日期 2026-10-18),頁 〈頁碼〉,/chronicle/archive/undated/26#〈條目編號〉。

APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/26#〈條目編號〉

《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology

中文腳註香港地方志中心,《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(查閱日期 2026-10-18),頁 〈頁碼〉,/chronicle/archive/undated/26#〈條目編號〉。

APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/26#〈條目編號〉

《香港志·總述 大事記》(公元前 5000 年至 2017 年,共 6,500 多條大事) Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events)

中文腳註香港地方志中心,《香港志·總述 大事記》(公元前 5000 年至 2017 年,共 6,500 多條大事),2020,頁 〈頁碼〉,/chronicle/archive/undated/28#〈條目編號〉。

APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute (2020). Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events) (p. 〈頁碼〉). /chronicle/archive/undated/28#〈條目編號〉

Substitute the entry’s page number and ID (shown as 〈頁碼〉/〈條目編號〉) into the pattern above. The same templates, plus rules and limits, are in the citation block of /api/v1/archive.json.

工程鑽孔是唯一發現馬鞍山組的途徑,該巖組並未於地表露出。

Engineering boreholes are the only way the Ma On Shan Formation has been found, as this formation does not outcrop at the surface.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):馬鞍山組(與鐵礦體相關)——第 157–173 頁(PDF 第 160–176 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 24 章講馬鞍山鐵礦:馬鞍山組沉積岩被花崗岩侵入,粉砂岩接觸變質成角岩、石灰岩(大理石)變成矽卡岩,鐵礦體以磁鐵礦同赤鐵礦為主;志錄條目嘅馬鞍山組巖性、厚度、傾角同卡斯特(溶洞)記載屬同一組岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Ma On Shan Formation (with the iron-ore body) — printed pp. 157–173 (PDF pp. 160–176); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 24 describes the Ma On Shan iron ore: the Ma On Shan Formation was intruded by granite, its siltstone hornfelsed and its limestone (marble) converted to skarn, with a magnetite–haematite ore body — the same formation the archive describes.

構成岩石的膠結物質,主要包含石英、長石及雲母等礦物。

The cementing material making up the rock mainly includes minerals such as quartz, feldspar and mica.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

古環境和古地形迅速變化,形成米埔段巖層序列迅速變化的特徵。

Rapid changes in the palaeoenvironment and palaeotopography produced the characteristic of rapidly changing rock sequences in the Mai Po Member.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

古生代的時間範圍,是從距今542百萬年前起,一直延續到251百萬年前為止。

The Palaeozoic Era extends from 542 million years ago to 251 million years ago.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.83

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

古生代志留紀中期約4.1億年前已有蕨類化石紀錄。

Fossil records of ferns date back to the middle Silurian of the Palaeozoic, about 410 million years ago.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.467

后海灣發現的三疊紀花崗巖,可能是印支造山運動產物。

The Triassic granite found in Deep Bay may be a product of the Indosinian orogeny.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.85

華南板塊與印支地塊之間沿哀牢山斷裂帶發生的碰撞,或為印支造山運動的成因。

The collision between the South China Plate and the Indochina Block along the Ailao Shan fault zone may be the cause of the Indosinian orogeny.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.85

華夏褶曲帶位於穩定地台之中,其地質演化主要受海水進退所支配。

The Cathaysian fold belt lies within a stable platform, and its geological evolution was mainly governed by marine transgressions and regressions.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.84

黃竹角咀巖層向西北以高角度傾斜,傾角接近垂直。

The rock layers at Wong Chuk Kok Tsui dip steeply to the northwest at an angle close to vertical.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

黃竹角咀巖層以泥岩、粉砂岩及細粒至中粒砂岩組成,粒度由下而上逐漸變粗。

The strata at Wong Chuk Kok Tsui are composed of mudstone, siltstone and fine- to medium-grained sandstone, with grain size coarsening upwards.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

黃竹角咀組的巖層總厚度達八百米以上,而最具代表性的地層剖面則見於赤門海峽西北端出口處的黃竹角咀。

The total thickness of the Wong Chuk Kok Tsui Formation exceeds 800 metres, and its most representative stratigraphic section is seen at Wong Chuk Kok Tsui at the northwestern exit of Tolo Channel.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

黃竹角咀組屬泥盆紀,元朗組屬石炭紀,落馬洲組屬石炭紀,大埔海組屬二疊紀,赤門組及大澳組屬侏羅紀,這些地層皆在燕山期之前形成。

The Wong Chuk Kok Tsui Formation is Devonian, the Yuen Long Formation is Carboniferous, the Lok Ma Chau Formation is Carboniferous, the Tai Po Hoi Formation is Permian, and the Chek Mun and Tai O Formations are Jurassic; all these strata were formed before the Yanshanian period.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.190

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

黃竹角咀組位於黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏以北一帶,其厚度大約為670米。

The Wong Chuk Kok Tsui Formation is located in the area north of Wong Chuk Kok Tsui Peninsula and Fung Wong Wat, with a thickness of about 670 metres.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

黃竹角咀組主要由石英質砂岩、紅色粉砂岩,以及含巨礫的礫巖所構成。

The Wong Chuk Kok Tsui Formation is mainly composed of quartzose sandstone, red siltstone, and conglomerate containing boulders.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

基岩岩石年代為中生代至古近紀。

The bedrock dates from the Mesozoic to the Paleogene.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.114

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 3–20 章(侏羅紀至白堊紀:沉積岩、火山岩同侵入岩)——第 22–136 頁(PDF 第 25–139 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 3–16 章講侏羅紀至白堊紀嘅沉積岩同火山岩,第 17–20 章講同期嘅侵入岩(書前目錄亦按沉積岩、火山岩、侵入岩三類分章);志錄「中生代」條目講嘅岩石組合同呢批章節對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 3 to 20 (Jurassic to Cretaceous sedimentary, volcanic and intrusive rocks) — printed pp. 22–136 (PDF pp. 25–139); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 3–16 cover the Jurassic–Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks and Chapters 17–20 the contemporaneous intrusive rocks — the same Mesozoic rock assemblage the archive entries describe.

吉澳組巖層以不整合方式,覆蓋在早白堊紀娥眉洲組細灰凝灰岩之上,並朝北緩慢傾斜。

The Kat O Formation unconformably overlies the fine ash tuff of the Early Cretaceous Ngo Mei Chau Formation and dips gently northwards.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.108

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):赤洲組/吉澳組(白堊紀紅層)——第 35–39 頁(PDF 第 38–42 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 5 章以新界東北鴨洲/吉澳一帶講白堊紀紅層(赤洲組),並提到八仙嶺組等同期地層;志錄條目講嘅赤洲、吉澳、紅層巖性同傾角屬同一組岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Kat O Formation (Cretaceous “Red Beds”) — printed pp. 35–39 (PDF pp. 38–42); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 5 describes the Cretaceous “Red Beds” (Kat O Formation) around Ap Chau and Kat O and refers to the synchronous Pat Sin Leng Formation.

交錯層理若傾斜角度偏大,或可視為沙丘環境所留下的沉積。

If the dip angle of cross-bedding is relatively large, it may be regarded as sediment left by a dune environment.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

經地質學研究確認,黃竹角咀組屬於早泥盆紀至中泥盆紀時期形成的地層,並且是香港境內在地表露出年代最久遠的岩石組別。

Geological research has confirmed that the Wong Chuk Kok Tsui Formation is a stratum formed during the Early Devonian to Middle Devonian, and is the rock unit with the oldest surface exposure in Hong Kong.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

經專家辨識,這件魚類化石屬於中泥盆紀晚期之盾皮魚。

According to expert identification, this fish fossil belongs to a placoderm from the late Middle Devonian.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

就馬田段而言,其變質程度一般被視為同時包含熱變質與區域變質兩種要素。

As for the Ma Tin section, its degree of metamorphism is generally regarded as comprising both thermal and regional metamorphic elements.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

就岩石性質而言,落馬洲組可劃分為兩個部分:較下方的米埔段,以及較上方的大石磨段。

In terms of rock properties, the Lok Ma Chau Formation can be divided into two parts: the lower Mai Po Member and the upper Tai Shek Mo Member.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

據推測,該等岩石屬於花崗巖體之中的巨大塊狀構造,其直徑最大約為60多米。

These rocks are inferred to be large blocky structures within a granite body, with a maximum diameter of about 60 metres.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 2 章 二疊紀沉積岩——大埔海組——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章專講香港嘅二疊紀地層(大埔海組),並記述鑽芯中嘅二疊紀有孔蟲微體化石;志錄二疊紀條目嘅露頭、巖性同化石記載同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 2. Permian Sedimentary Rocks – Tolo Harbour Formation — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 2 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Permian strata (the Tolo Harbour Formation) and records Permian foraminifera in drill core — matching the Permian-labelled archive entries.

據推算,元朗組整體地層的總厚度在600米以上。

It is estimated that the total thickness of the Yuen Long Formation as a whole exceeds 600 metres.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

朗屏段的岩石成分以灰色到深灰色、質地細緻的中粒結晶大理岩為主,並含有少許燧石。

The rocks of the Long Ping section consist mainly of grey to dark grey, fine-textured, medium-grained crystalline marble with a little chert.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

朗屏段岩石具有十分顯著的縫合構造。

The rocks of the Long Ping Member display very prominent stylolitic structures.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

礫巖反映河道與河牀的堆積作用,而砂岩及泥岩則各自對應邊灘與沖積平原的堆積環境。

Conglomerate reflects the deposition of river channels and river beds, while sandstone and mudstone correspond respectively to the depositional environments of point bars and alluvial plains.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

蓮塘震旦紀地層屬王婆山組,以片岩為主,厚約1150公尺。

The Sinian strata at Lin Tong belong to the Wangpo Shan Formation, which consists mainly of schist and is about 1,150 meters thick.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.90

鄰近香港的深圳地區找到了元古代岩石。

Proterozoic rocks have been found in the Shenzhen area adjacent to Hong Kong.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91

露頭零星分佈在牛押山西部山脊和西澳村西南溪流中。

Outcrops are scattered along the western ridge of Ngau Ngak Shan and in streams southwest of Sai O Village.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

裸子植物之最初出現時間,或可追溯至距今大約三億九千萬年前,即泥盆紀中期。

The first appearance of gymnosperms may date back to about 390 million years ago, in the Middle Devonian.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.480

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

落馬洲組的大石磨段位於米埔段之上。

The Tai Shek Mo Member of the Lok Ma Chau Formation lies above the Mai Po Member.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

落馬洲組的米埔段,其岩石成分以粉砂質為主。

The Mai Po Member of the Lok Ma Chau Formation is mainly silty in rock composition.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

落馬洲組的岩石成分以粉砂岩及碳酸岩為主,兩者均呈輕度變質。

The rocks of the Lok Ma Chau Formation consist mainly of siltstone and carbonate rock, both of which are slightly metamorphosed.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

落馬洲組露出地表的巖層,其厚度約達700米。

The exposed rock strata of the Lok Ma Chau Formation reach a thickness of about 700 metres.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

落馬洲組石墨片岩於礦場90米深處仍有發現。

Graphite schist of the Lok Ma Chau Formation is still found at a depth of 90 metres in the mine.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

馬鞍山附近沉積巖以30度傾角向東南傾斜。

Sedimentary rocks near Ma On Shan dip towards the southeast at an angle of 30 degrees.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

馬鞍山以西的泥盆紀岩石出露於烏溪沙、牛押山及馬鞍山山麓。

Devonian rocks west of Ma On Shan are exposed at Wu Kai Sha, Ngau A Shan and the foothills of Ma On Shan.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

馬鞍山組的厚度下限經推算為200米。

The lower thickness limit of the Ma On Shan Formation is estimated at 200 metres.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):馬鞍山組(與鐵礦體相關)——第 157–173 頁(PDF 第 160–176 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 24 章講馬鞍山鐵礦:馬鞍山組沉積岩被花崗岩侵入,粉砂岩接觸變質成角岩、石灰岩(大理石)變成矽卡岩,鐵礦體以磁鐵礦同赤鐵礦為主;志錄條目嘅馬鞍山組巖性、厚度、傾角同卡斯特(溶洞)記載屬同一組岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Ma On Shan Formation (with the iron-ore body) — printed pp. 157–173 (PDF pp. 160–176); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 24 describes the Ma On Shan iron ore: the Ma On Shan Formation was intruded by granite, its siltstone hornfelsed and its limestone (marble) converted to skarn, with a magnetite–haematite ore body — the same formation the archive describes.

馬鞍山組的上部同樣具有岩溶發育帶,其與風化土相接的界面高低起伏相當顯著。

The upper part of the Ma On Shan Formation also has a karst development zone, and its interface with the weathered soil is markedly undulating.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):馬鞍山組(與鐵礦體相關)——第 157–173 頁(PDF 第 160–176 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 24 章講馬鞍山鐵礦:馬鞍山組沉積岩被花崗岩侵入,粉砂岩接觸變質成角岩、石灰岩(大理石)變成矽卡岩,鐵礦體以磁鐵礦同赤鐵礦為主;志錄條目嘅馬鞍山組巖性、厚度、傾角同卡斯特(溶洞)記載屬同一組岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Ma On Shan Formation (with the iron-ore body) — printed pp. 157–173 (PDF pp. 160–176); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 24 describes the Ma On Shan iron ore: the Ma On Shan Formation was intruded by granite, its siltstone hornfelsed and its limestone (marble) converted to skarn, with a magnetite–haematite ore body — the same formation the archive describes.

馬鞍山組的巖層整體而言,朝東南方向呈現七十度至八十度的傾角。

The rock strata of the Ma On Shan Formation as a whole dip at 70 to 80 degrees towards the southeast.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):馬鞍山組(與鐵礦體相關)——第 157–173 頁(PDF 第 160–176 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 24 章講馬鞍山鐵礦:馬鞍山組沉積岩被花崗岩侵入,粉砂岩接觸變質成角岩、石灰岩(大理石)變成矽卡岩,鐵礦體以磁鐵礦同赤鐵礦為主;志錄條目嘅馬鞍山組巖性、厚度、傾角同卡斯特(溶洞)記載屬同一組岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Ma On Shan Formation (with the iron-ore body) — printed pp. 157–173 (PDF pp. 160–176); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 24 describes the Ma On Shan iron ore: the Ma On Shan Formation was intruded by granite, its siltstone hornfelsed and its limestone (marble) converted to skarn, with a magnetite–haematite ore body — the same formation the archive describes.

馬鞍山組屬於新田群,並未於地表顯露。

The Ma On Shan Formation belongs to the San Tin Group and does not crop out at the surface.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):馬鞍山組(與鐵礦體相關)——第 157–173 頁(PDF 第 160–176 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 24 章講馬鞍山鐵礦:馬鞍山組沉積岩被花崗岩侵入,粉砂岩接觸變質成角岩、石灰岩(大理石)變成矽卡岩,鐵礦體以磁鐵礦同赤鐵礦為主;志錄條目嘅馬鞍山組巖性、厚度、傾角同卡斯特(溶洞)記載屬同一組岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Ma On Shan Formation (with the iron-ore body) — printed pp. 157–173 (PDF pp. 160–176); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 24 describes the Ma On Shan iron ore: the Ma On Shan Formation was intruded by granite, its siltstone hornfelsed and its limestone (marble) converted to skarn, with a magnetite–haematite ore body — the same formation the archive describes.

馬鞍山組由白雲石及大理岩構成,色調為淺藍灰色至乳白色,其中亦夾雜深綠色變質粉砂岩之薄層。

The Ma On Shan Formation consists of dolomite and marble, light blue-grey to milky white in colour, with thin layers of dark green metamorphosed siltstone intercalated.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):馬鞍山組(與鐵礦體相關)——第 157–173 頁(PDF 第 160–176 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 24 章講馬鞍山鐵礦:馬鞍山組沉積岩被花崗岩侵入,粉砂岩接觸變質成角岩、石灰岩(大理石)變成矽卡岩,鐵礦體以磁鐵礦同赤鐵礦為主;志錄條目嘅馬鞍山組巖性、厚度、傾角同卡斯特(溶洞)記載屬同一組岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Ma On Shan Formation (with the iron-ore body) — printed pp. 157–173 (PDF pp. 160–176); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 24 describes the Ma On Shan iron ore: the Ma On Shan Formation was intruded by granite, its siltstone hornfelsed and its limestone (marble) converted to skarn, with a magnetite–haematite ore body — the same formation the archive describes.

馬屎洲見有大埔海組岩石出露,其巖層走向呈東北,厚度估算逾500米,且上覆侏羅紀火山岩。

The Tai Po Sea Formation rocks are exposed at Ma Shi Chau, striking northeast, with an estimated thickness exceeding 500 metres, and are overlain by Jurassic volcanic rocks.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

馬屎洲上部岩石主要出露在東北海岸,以石英質砂岩和礫巖為主。

The upper rocks of Ma Shi Chau are mainly exposed along the northeastern coast and consist mainly of quartzitic sandstone and conglomerate.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

馬屎洲屬於二疊紀地質遺址,島上出露大量彩色泥岩與粉砂岩,並發育多樣斷層及褶皺構造。

Ma Shi Chau is a Permian geological site where large exposures of coloured mudstone and siltstone occur, together with diverse fault and fold structures.

來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》(公元前 5000 年至 2017 年,共 6,500 多條大事)(香港地方志中心) · p.35

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

馬屎洲下段地層主要由泥岩構成,呈薄層狀,並發育軟泥變形與滑動褶曲構造。

The lower section of the Ma Shi Chau strata is mainly composed of mudstone, thinly bedded, with soft-sediment deformation and slump-fold structures developed.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

馬屎洲一帶有出露的大埔海組巖層,其完整程度為最高。

The Tai Po Sea Formation is exposed around Ma Shi Chau, where its completeness is the highest.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

馬蹄蟹祖先在晚奧陶紀已經出現,距今超過四億年,較恐龍更古老。

The ancestors of horseshoe crabs appeared in the Late Ordovician, more than 400 million years ago, older than the dinosaurs.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.399

馬田段所含大理岩之碳酸鈣比例高於99%。

The marble of the Ma Tin Member contains more than 99% calcium carbonate.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

馬田段所含其他礦物為白雲石、透閃石、綠簾石及矽灰石。

Other minerals contained in the Ma Tin member are dolomite, tremolite, epidote, and wollastonite.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

馬田段岩石已完全晶體化,原始石灰岩的沉積結構與化石均未獲保存。

The rocks of the Ma Tin Member have been completely crystallised, and the sedimentary structures and fossils of the original limestone have not been preserved.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

馬田段主要由中粒至粗粒的結晶大理岩組成,其特徵為厚層、純淨,色澤呈白色至灰白色。

The Ma Tin member consists mainly of medium- to coarse-grained crystalline marble, characterised by thick, pure beds ranging in colour from white to greyish white.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

梅窩一帶主要岩石為大嶼山花崗巖,於中侏羅紀火山爆發時期形成。

The main rock in the Mui Wo area is Lantau Granite, formed during the Middle Jurassic volcanic eruption period.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.113

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 3、4 章 早至中侏羅紀河流沉積(大澳組)/火山碎屑岩(荔枝莊組)——第 22–34 頁(PDF 第 25–37 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 3、4 章專講香港嘅侏羅紀沉積岩(大澳組、荔枝莊組),並提及地層曾被誤判為石炭紀後由化石改判;志錄侏羅紀條目嘅年代、沉積環境同化石記載同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 3 and 4. Early–Middle Jurassic fluvial deposits (Tai O Formation) and volcaniclastic rocks (Lai Chi Chong Formation) — printed pp. 22–34 (PDF pp. 25–37); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 3 and 4 cover Hong Kong’s Jurassic sedimentary rocks (Tai O and Lai Chi Chong formations), including the fossil-based re-dating from an earlier Carboniferous assignment.

米埔段地層於元朗一帶並未見任何地表露頭。

No surface outcrop of the Mai Po strata is seen in the Yuen Long area.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

米埔段底部由碳酸質泥岩構成,並夾有石墨粉砂岩與片岩,後兩者均曾受輕度變質。

The base of the Mai Po section consists of calcareous mudstone intercalated with graphitic siltstone and schist, the latter two having both undergone mild metamorphism.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

米埔段可能屬三角洲沉積環境,其沉積巖沉積速度快而連續。

The Mai Po section may represent a deltaic sedimentary environment, where sediments were deposited rapidly and continuously.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

米埔段岩石可進一步分為三個亞段。

The Mai Po section rocks can be further divided into three sub-sections.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

米埔段岩石內褐鐵礦經風化後常呈紅色和黃色。

After weathering, the limonite in the rocks of the Mai Po section often appears red and yellow.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

米埔段巖層內含有電氣石、紅柱石與磁鐵礦等變質礦物,同時可清楚觀察到片理構造。

The rock layers of the Mai Po section contain metamorphic minerals such as tourmaline, andalusite and magnetite, and schistosity can be clearly observed.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

泥盆紀、石炭紀與二疊紀岩石多見於東北及西北,佔陸上出露不足10%。

Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian rocks are mostly found in the northeast and northwest, accounting for less than 10% of onshore outcrops.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

泥盆紀和石炭紀期間,蕨類在陸地植物中佔主導地位。

During the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, ferns were dominant among land plants.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.480

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

泥盆紀時,該區回復近岸大陸環境,堆積厚陸相沉積物。

During the Devonian, the area returned to a nearshore continental environment, accumulating thick continental sediments.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.84

平洲組岩石含白堊紀和新生代苞粉,被認為是白堊紀晚期至新生代早期沉積物。

The rocks of the Ping Chau Formation contain Cretaceous and Cenozoic sporopollen and are considered to be Late Cretaceous to early Cenozoic sediments.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.110

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):平洲組(香港最年輕沉積岩)——第 40–45 頁(PDF 第 43–48 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 6 章以東平洲(平洲)為點講香港最年輕嘅沉積岩平洲組;志錄條目講嘅平洲組同白堊紀晚期至新生代早期嘅年代判斷屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Ping Chau Formation (youngest sedimentary rocks in Hong Kong) — printed pp. 40–45 (PDF pp. 43–48); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 6 covers the Ping Chau Formation, the youngest sedimentary rocks in Hong Kong, at Ping Chau — the same formation the archive dates to the Late Cretaceous–early Cenozoic.

其後海水退卻,沉積以泥岩與砂岩等碎屑岩為主。

Seawater subsequently retreated, and deposition was dominated by clastic rocks such as mudstone and sandstone.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.90

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

氣候溫暖濕潤且氧氣充足,岩石氧化成厚紅色巖層。

The warm, humid climate and abundant oxygen oxidised the rocks into thick red rock strata.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

青山東部以青山花崗巖為主,山麓附近有中侏羅紀安山岩質變質凝灰岩。

Eastern Castle Peak is dominated by Castle Peak granite, with Middle Jurassic andesitic metamorphic tuff near the foothills.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.119

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):青山花崗岩——第 137–142 頁(PDF 第 140–145 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 21 章講青山一帶嘅花崗岩(屬最古老花崗岩套,受強烈變形同變質而片理化),並解釋壓縮同斷層令風化加速、形成特殊侵蝕地貌;志錄條目講嘅青山花崗巖屬同一岩體(年代以志錄原文為準)。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Castle Peak (Tsing Shan) Granite — printed pp. 137–142 (PDF pp. 140–145); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 21 describes the granite at Castle Peak (the oldest granite suite, strongly deformed and schistose) and the accelerated weathering it causes — the same rock mass the archive entries refer to.

沙螺灣以中侏羅紀火山爆發形成的大嶼山花崗巖為主,石英脈內以黑鎢礦最具經濟價值。

Sha Lo Wan is dominated by Lantau granite formed by Middle Jurassic volcanic eruptions, and within the quartz veins wolframite is the most economically valuable.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.119

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 3、4 章 早至中侏羅紀河流沉積(大澳組)/火山碎屑岩(荔枝莊組)——第 22–34 頁(PDF 第 25–37 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 3、4 章專講香港嘅侏羅紀沉積岩(大澳組、荔枝莊組),並提及地層曾被誤判為石炭紀後由化石改判;志錄侏羅紀條目嘅年代、沉積環境同化石記載同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 3 and 4. Early–Middle Jurassic fluvial deposits (Tai O Formation) and volcaniclastic rocks (Lai Chi Chong Formation) — printed pp. 22–34 (PDF pp. 25–37); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 3 and 4 cover Hong Kong’s Jurassic sedimentary rocks (Tai O and Lai Chi Chong formations), including the fossil-based re-dating from an earlier Carboniferous assignment.

上部巖層具有發育良好的交叉層理,厚度可超過1米,中間夾雜深色泥岩和粉砂岩。

The upper rock layers have well-developed cross-bedding with a thickness exceeding 1 metre, interbedded with dark mudstone and siltstone.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

上水河上鄉一帶,是大石磨段露頭最清楚的地點。

The area around Ho Sheung Heung in Sheung Shui is the locality with the clearest outcrop of the Tai Shek Mo Member.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

深圳蓮塘的王婆山組以片岩為主,厚度約1150公尺。

The Wangpo Shan Formation in Liantang, Shenzhen, is mainly composed of schist and is about 1,150 meters thick.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91

深圳蓮塘震旦紀岩石內含有藻類化石。

Sinian rocks in Liantang, Shenzhen, contain algal fossils.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.90

石炭紀地層出露範圍內,地貌以平原及小山丘為主。

Within the outcrop area of Carboniferous strata, the landforms are mainly plains and small hills.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

石炭紀華南發生大規模海侵,形成廣泛大陸架。

A large-scale marine transgression occurred in South China during the Carboniferous, forming an extensive continental shelf.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.84

石炭紀期間在香港一帶堆積厚碳酸岩。

Thick carbonate rocks accumulated in the Hong Kong area during the Carboniferous.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.90

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

石炭紀在香港形成粉砂岩、泥岩與大理岩層。

Siltstone, mudstone and marble layers were formed in Hong Kong during the Carboniferous.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.84

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

石炭系落馬洲組地層中,砂岩分佈相當普遍,部分砂岩層偶爾夾有小卵石。

In the strata of the Carboniferous Lok Ma Chau Formation, sandstone is fairly widespread, and some sandstone beds occasionally contain small pebbles.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.169

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

隨後海水退卻,變成以泥岩、砂岩為主的碎屑岩層。

The sea subsequently retreated, giving way to clastic rock layers dominated by mudstone and sandstone.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

太古代岩石在華南地塊僅零星出露,見於揚子地台北邊大別山一帶。

Archaean rocks crop out only sporadically in the South China Block, being found in the Dabie Mountains area on the northern margin of the Yangtze Platform.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.83

鐵坑一帶所見的大石磨段,由兩套變質巖組成,並含有變質砂岩夾層。

The Tai Shek Mo Member seen around Tit Hang consists of two sets of metamorphic rocks and contains metamorphosed sandstone interbeds.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

同期伴有大範圍褶曲與斷層活動。

This period was accompanied by extensive folding and faulting.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.85

同位素研究指出,太古宙與元古代結晶巖可能構成香港基底大部分地殼。

Isotope studies indicate that Archaean and Proterozoic crystalline rocks may constitute most of the crust of Hong Kong's basement.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

透過對花崗巖內礦物進行同位素研究,可推斷香港境內的地殼基底可能包含太古代岩石。

Isotopic studies of minerals in granite suggest that the crustal basement beneath Hong Kong may contain Archaean rocks.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.84

吐露港毗鄰白沙頭洲,而該洲處於黃竹角咀半島西南方向的最末端位置。

Tolo Harbour is adjacent to Pak Sha Tau Chau, which is at the southwesternmost end of the Wong Chuk Kok Tsui Peninsula.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

推測此巖層持續延伸,範圍可達香港羅湖一帶。

It is inferred that this rock formation continues to extend as far as the Lo Wu area of Hong Kong.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91

推斷該岩石原本由薄層石灰岩與粉砂岩交替組成,其後受區域變質作用影響而轉化為大理岩。

It is inferred that the rock was originally composed of alternating thin layers of limestone and siltstone, and was later transformed into marble by regional metamorphism.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

晚太古宙地殼成分,已於新界西北部、北部、東北部及大嶼山西北區域被識別出來。

Late Archean crustal components have been identified in the northwestern, northern, and northeastern New Territories and in the northwestern part of Lantau Island.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.89

晚侏羅世到早白堊世,香港斷層活動頻繁。

From the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, fault activity was frequent in Hong Kong.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.191

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 3、4 章 早至中侏羅紀河流沉積(大澳組)/火山碎屑岩(荔枝莊組)——第 22–34 頁(PDF 第 25–37 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 3、4 章專講香港嘅侏羅紀沉積岩(大澳組、荔枝莊組),並提及地層曾被誤判為石炭紀後由化石改判;志錄侏羅紀條目嘅年代、沉積環境同化石記載同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 3 and 4. Early–Middle Jurassic fluvial deposits (Tai O Formation) and volcaniclastic rocks (Lai Chi Chong Formation) — printed pp. 22–34 (PDF pp. 25–37); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 3 and 4 cover Hong Kong’s Jurassic sedimentary rocks (Tai O and Lai Chi Chong formations), including the fossil-based re-dating from an earlier Carboniferous assignment.

位於赤洲及黃竹角咀的景區,保存了香港年代最久遠的巖層,這些沉積巖形成於泥盆紀,距今大約四億年。

The scenic areas at Port Island and Wong Chuk Kok Tsui preserve the oldest rock formations in Hong Kong, sedimentary rocks formed in the Devonian period about 400 million years ago.

來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》(公元前 5000 年至 2017 年,共 6,500 多條大事)(香港地方志中心) · p.35

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

位於馬屎洲周邊的丫洲,其地層朝東北方向下傾,且地質年代由老變新,整體厚度大約為150米。

A Chau, located near Ma Shi Chau, has strata dipping to the northeast, with geological ages from old to young, and an overall thickness of about 150 meters.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

污水濾水廠選址城門河以西,施工時工程地點曾露出完整巖層序列。

The sewage treatment works was sited west of the Shing Mun River, and a complete rock sequence was exposed at the construction site during works.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

下部以灰至深灰色千枚巖及絹雲母片岩為主,並含厚1米至2米的砂岩與石墨片岩。

The lower part is dominated by grey to dark grey phyllite and sericite schist, and contains sandstone and graphite schist 1 metre to 2 metres thick.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

香港北部及西部是晚古生代岩石的主要露頭區域。

The northern and western parts of Hong Kong are the main outcrop areas of Late Palaeozoic rocks.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

香港超過85%岩石屬中侏羅世至早白堊世火成岩。

Over 85% of the rocks in Hong Kong are Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous igneous rocks.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.34

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 3、4 章 早至中侏羅紀河流沉積(大澳組)/火山碎屑岩(荔枝莊組)——第 22–34 頁(PDF 第 25–37 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 3、4 章專講香港嘅侏羅紀沉積岩(大澳組、荔枝莊組),並提及地層曾被誤判為石炭紀後由化石改判;志錄侏羅紀條目嘅年代、沉積環境同化石記載同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 3 and 4. Early–Middle Jurassic fluvial deposits (Tai O Formation) and volcaniclastic rocks (Lai Chi Chong Formation) — printed pp. 22–34 (PDF pp. 25–37); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 3 and 4 cover Hong Kong’s Jurassic sedimentary rocks (Tai O and Lai Chi Chong formations), including the fossil-based re-dating from an earlier Carboniferous assignment.

香港的北部及西部地區,是晚古生代岩石的主要露頭分佈位置。

The northern and western areas of Hong Kong are the main outcrop locations of Late Palaeozoic rocks.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.90

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

香港的晚古生代地層主要由泥盆紀、石炭紀及二疊紀的沉積巖構成。

Hong Kong's Late Palaeozoic strata consist mainly of Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian sedimentary rocks.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.90

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

香港第一片魚化石發現於白沙洲南端。

The first fish fossil in Hong Kong was discovered at the southern end of Pak Sha Chau.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

香港花崗巖與火山岩同位素特徵顯示,晚古生代至中生代之間地下存在主要地殼不連續面。

Isotopic characteristics of Hong Kong's granites and volcanic rocks indicate the existence of a major subsurface crustal discontinuity between the Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.89

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

香港火成岩主要在侏羅紀晚期與白堊紀早期之間生成。

Hong Kong's igneous rocks were mainly formed between the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.191

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 3、4 章 早至中侏羅紀河流沉積(大澳組)/火山碎屑岩(荔枝莊組)——第 22–34 頁(PDF 第 25–37 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 3、4 章專講香港嘅侏羅紀沉積岩(大澳組、荔枝莊組),並提及地層曾被誤判為石炭紀後由化石改判;志錄侏羅紀條目嘅年代、沉積環境同化石記載同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 3 and 4. Early–Middle Jurassic fluvial deposits (Tai O Formation) and volcaniclastic rocks (Lai Chi Chong Formation) — printed pp. 22–34 (PDF pp. 25–37); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 3 and 4 cover Hong Kong’s Jurassic sedimentary rocks (Tai O and Lai Chi Chong formations), including the fossil-based re-dating from an earlier Carboniferous assignment.

香港境內並無元古代巖層露出地表,然而在毗鄰的深圳一帶則有元古代岩石被發現。

No Proterozoic rock strata outcrop in Hong Kong, but Proterozoic rocks have been found in the neighbouring Shenzhen area.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.90

香港境內出露的岩石之中,至今尚未找到任何早古生代或前寒武紀地層。

Among the rocks exposed within Hong Kong, no Early Palaeozoic or Precambrian strata have so far been found.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

來源 Sources

本頁條目引用嘅已登記來源(每頁最多 100 條,所以只列本頁用到嘅)。

↑ 返到頁首
↑