遠古時間軸 / 地質年代 / 原文只有時代標籤

地質年代 · 原文只有時代標籤

Geological time · period-labelled entries

第 3 頁(共 4 頁):呢一批志錄條目原文只寫時代(例如「公元前214年」 「明天順年間」「石炭紀」),冇精確西曆年,所以入唔到逐年頁。全批 306 條,本頁顯示 100 條。

Page 3 of 4: 100 of 306 archive entries whose source gives a period label only, each with its page number and citation. No year is inferred.

地質年代條目逐條附第二來源(土力工程處《香港地質導賞書》)標記;判定規則同對唔上嘅原因見時代總覽嗰一節。

引用每條都可以引用:按條目下面嘅「引用呢條」,可以揀中文腳註/中文參考書目/APA/Chicago 四種格式並複製。 書名、出版者、年份同頁碼一律由已登記來源同生成檔派生,頁面一條都唔會手寫;年份取來源登記嘅出版年, 來源未登記出版年嘅,引文改用查閱日期並寫明。

Every entry is citable. Press “Cite this entry” for a Chinese footnote, Chinese bibliography, APA or Chicago note — all derived from the registered source and the generated archive, never hand-written. If a registered source has no publication year, the citation prints the access date and says so.

冇 JavaScript 都用得:來源書目模板 / Source patterns (no JavaScript needed)

《香港志·自然》自然環境 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment

中文腳註香港地方志中心,《香港志·自然》自然環境(查閱日期 2026-10-18),頁 〈頁碼〉,/chronicle/archive/undated/31#〈條目編號〉。

APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/31#〈條目編號〉

《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology

中文腳註香港地方志中心,《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(查閱日期 2026-10-18),頁 〈頁碼〉,/chronicle/archive/undated/32#〈條目編號〉。

APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/32#〈條目編號〉

Substitute the entry’s page number and ID (shown as 〈頁碼〉/〈條目編號〉) into the pattern above. The same templates, plus rules and limits, are in the citation block of /api/v1/archive.json.

香港境內多數火成岩的生成年代,可追溯至晚侏羅世並延續至早白堊世。

The formation ages of most igneous rocks in Hong Kong can be traced from the Late Jurassic through to the Early Cretaceous.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 3、4 章 早至中侏羅紀河流沉積(大澳組)/火山碎屑岩(荔枝莊組)——第 22–34 頁(PDF 第 25–37 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 3、4 章專講香港嘅侏羅紀沉積岩(大澳組、荔枝莊組),並提及地層曾被誤判為石炭紀後由化石改判;志錄侏羅紀條目嘅年代、沉積環境同化石記載同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 3 and 4. Early–Middle Jurassic fluvial deposits (Tai O Formation) and volcaniclastic rocks (Lai Chi Chong Formation) — printed pp. 22–34 (PDF pp. 25–37); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 3 and 4 cover Hong Kong’s Jurassic sedimentary rocks (Tai O and Lai Chi Chong formations), including the fossil-based re-dating from an earlier Carboniferous assignment.

香港境內泥盆紀岩石,主要見於兩處:一為赤門海峽北岸,二為馬鞍山以西。

Devonian rocks in Hong Kong territory are found mainly in two places: the north shore of Tolo Channel and west of Ma On Shan.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

香港境內年代最久遠的巖層,為晚古生代時期形成的沉積巖。

The oldest rock strata in Hong Kong are sedimentary rocks formed during the Late Palaeozoic.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.190

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

香港境內年代最晚的岩石,乃早白堊紀至早第三紀之間、火山活動終止以後所積累而成的沉積巖。

The youngest rocks in Hong Kong are sedimentary rocks accumulated between the Early Cretaceous and Early Tertiary after volcanic activity ceased.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.34

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 5 章 白堊紀「紅層」——赤洲組;第 20 章 白堊紀蒲台花崗岩——第 35–39、131–136 頁(PDF 第 38–42、134–139 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 5 章講白堊紀紅層(赤洲組、八仙嶺組),第 20 章講白堊紀蒲台花崗岩;志錄白堊紀條目嘅紅層巖性、傾角同侵入岩年代同呢兩章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 5. Cretaceous “Red Beds” – Kat O Formation; Chapter 20. Cretaceous Po Toi Granite — printed pp. 35–39、131–136 (PDF pp. 38–42、134–139); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 5 covers the Cretaceous “Red Beds” (Kat O and Pat Sin Leng formations) and Chapter 20 the Cretaceous Po Toi Granite — matching the archive’s Cretaceous entries on red beds and intrusive rocks.

香港境內石炭紀巖層的露頭,集中分佈於一個呈東北走向、長度約25公里、寬度約4公里的地帶。

Outcrops of Carboniferous rock formations in Hong Kong are concentrated in a northeast-trending belt about 25 kilometers long and 4 kilometers wide.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

香港境內已知年代最久遠的植物化石,屬於泥盆紀,這些標本大多在船灣淡水湖的黃竹角咀組,以及馬鞍山的馬鞍山組發掘所得。

The oldest known plant fossils in Hong Kong date from the Devonian Period, and most of these specimens were excavated from the Wong Chuk Kok Tsui Formation at Plover Cove Reservoir and the Ma On Shan Formation at Ma On Shan.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.140

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

香港境內至今未發現前寒武紀岩石。

No Precambrian rocks have been found in Hong Kong to date.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.84

香港目前植物區系的起源,能夠追溯至晚古生代的華夏植物群。

The origin of Hong Kong's present flora can be traced back to the Cathaysian flora of the late Palaeozoic.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.457

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

香港若干晚古生代巖層受過熱力變質作用,亦受過動力變質作用。

Several Late Palaeozoic rock formations in Hong Kong have undergone thermal metamorphism and also dynamic metamorphism.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

香港晚古生代地層主要由泥盆紀、石炭紀及二疊紀的沉積巖構成。

The Late Palaeozoic strata of Hong Kong consist mainly of Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian sedimentary rocks.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

香港於中生代出現強烈花崗巖侵入活動,並伴隨火山噴發,時段為侏羅紀至早白堊紀。

Hong Kong experienced strong granitic intrusion during the Mesozoic, accompanied by volcanic eruptions, from the Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.115

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 3、4 章 早至中侏羅紀河流沉積(大澳組)/火山碎屑岩(荔枝莊組)——第 22–34 頁(PDF 第 25–37 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 3、4 章專講香港嘅侏羅紀沉積岩(大澳組、荔枝莊組),並提及地層曾被誤判為石炭紀後由化石改判;志錄侏羅紀條目嘅年代、沉積環境同化石記載同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 3 and 4. Early–Middle Jurassic fluvial deposits (Tai O Formation) and volcaniclastic rocks (Lai Chi Chong Formation) — printed pp. 22–34 (PDF pp. 25–37); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 3 and 4 cover Hong Kong’s Jurassic sedimentary rocks (Tai O and Lai Chi Chong formations), including the fossil-based re-dating from an earlier Carboniferous assignment.

香港最古老的岩石為沉積巖,其年代橫跨泥盆紀、石炭紀、二疊紀及早侏羅紀,並出露於新界東北與西北一帶。

The oldest rocks in Hong Kong are sedimentary rocks dating from the Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian and Early Jurassic periods, exposed in northeastern and northwestern parts of the New Territories.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.34

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

香港最古老岩石為古生代約四億年前沉積形成。

The oldest rocks in Hong Kong were formed by sedimentation about 400 million years ago in the Paleozoic.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.81

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

香港最古老岩石為晚古生代非海相與淺海相沉積巖。

The oldest rocks in Hong Kong are Late Palaeozoic non-marine and shallow marine sedimentary rocks.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

香港最關鍵的生物沉積巖,是屬於石炭紀元朗組的大理岩,其原本為厚層石灰岩。

Hong Kong's most important biogenic sedimentary rock is the marble of the Carboniferous Yuen Long Formation, which was originally thick-bedded limestone.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.172

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

新界北部是米埔段出露最廣的地區,由文錦渡往西南伸展,經羅湖、大石磨、馬草壟,抵落馬洲。

The northern New Territories is the area where the Mai Po Formation is most widely exposed, extending southwest from Man Kam To through Lo Wu, Tai Shek Mo, Ma Tso Lung to Lok Ma Chau.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

新田群的上部地層屬於落馬洲組。

The upper strata of the San Tin Group belong to the Lok Ma Chau Formation.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

新田群的組成可劃分為三部分:頂部屬於落馬洲組,底部則涵蓋元朗組與馬鞍山組。

The Tin Shui Wai Group can be divided into three parts: the Lok Ma Chau Formation at the top, and the Yuen Long Formation and Ma On Shan Formation at the bottom.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

丫洲的岩石構成以石英質砂岩及深色粉砂岩為核心,並蘊藏大量植物化石與動物蟲跡化石。

The rocks of A Chau are mainly composed of quartzose sandstone and dark siltstone, and contain abundant plant fossils and animal trace fossils.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

丫洲有幾層砂岩,巖層厚度可達1.6米。

A Chau has several layers of sandstone, with the strata reaching a thickness of up to 1.6 metres.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

岩石主要出露於零星小山丘,該地區岩石總體厚度為300米。

The rocks crop out mainly on scattered small hills, and the total thickness of the rocks in the area is 300 metres.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

巖層內部的沉積構造特徵,反映出地層年代由東往西逐漸變新。

The sedimentary structures within the rock formation indicate that the strata become progressively younger from east to west.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

揚子地塊基底岩石屬於晚太古代岩石。

The basement rocks of the Yangtze Block are Late Archean rocks.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.81

一般認為,這層砂岩屬於由風沙活動所形成的沙丘堆積。

It is generally believed that this sandstone layer is a dune deposit formed by wind-blown sand activity.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

依據古地理與廣東地層的推測,香港基底可能存有早古生代及元古代的岩石。

Based on palaeogeographic and Guangdong stratigraphic inferences, Early Palaeozoic and Proterozoic rocks may exist in Hong Kong's basement.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

因河道遷移而產生多種朝向的交錯層理,而寬度較廣的礫巖層則象徵洪水所帶來的堆積物。

Channel migration produced cross-bedding in various orientations, while the wider conglomerate layers represent flood-deposited sediments.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

因未找到化石,不能以古生物學方式確定大理岩年代。

As no fossils have been found, the age of the marble cannot be determined palaeontologically.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

印支造山運動結束之後,地殼出現抬升,同時伴隨巖漿活動的展開。

After the Indosinian orogeny ended, the crust was uplifted and magmatic activity began.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.85

由二疊紀開始直至侏羅紀結束,香港一帶主要處於海洋環境之中。

From the beginning of the Permian to the end of the Jurassic, the Hong Kong area was mainly in a marine environment.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.85

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 2 章 二疊紀沉積岩——大埔海組——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章專講香港嘅二疊紀地層(大埔海組),並記述鑽芯中嘅二疊紀有孔蟲微體化石;志錄二疊紀條目嘅露頭、巖性同化石記載同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 2. Permian Sedimentary Rocks – Tolo Harbour Formation — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 2 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Permian strata (the Tolo Harbour Formation) and records Permian foraminifera in drill core — matching the Permian-labelled archive entries.

由古土壤發育而成的泥岩,與沖積平原環境沉積的粉砂岩交替成層,顯示該處曾長時間處於乾涸的沉積條件。

Mudstone developed from ancient soil alternates with siltstone deposited in an alluvial plain environment, indicating that the area was under arid depositional conditions for a long time.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

由含化石的雲母砂岩及泥岩,逐步轉為粉砂岩,同時具備交錯層理、波紋和粒級層理等沉積構造,這些現象皆顯示當地昔日屬於由三角洲過渡至沿海平原的沉積環境。

The fossil-bearing micaceous sandstone and mudstone gradually give way to siltstone, with sedimentary structures such as cross-bedding, ripples and graded bedding, all indicating that the area was formerly a depositional environment transitional from a delta to a coastal plain.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

於白沙頭洲海牀下方二十五米的位置,該地層與白雲質石灰岩出現交接。

At a position 25 metres below the seabed of Pak Sha Tau Chau, this stratum comes into contact with dolomitic limestone.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

於赤門海峽,古生物學家發掘出泥盆紀雙殼類動物化石及魚類化石。

In Tolo Channel, palaeontologists excavated Devonian bivalve and fish fossils.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

於此區域內,米埔段之變質砂岩構成了低矮山丘。

Within this area, the metamorphic sandstone of the Mai Po Member forms low hills.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

於此巖層內,可找到二疊紀時期的海洋生物化石,並有少量植物殘片。

Within this rock formation, Permian marine fossils and a small amount of plant fragments can be found.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

於大澳出土的網葉蕨化石,其年代屬侏羅紀中期。

The net-veined fern fossil unearthed at Tai O dates to the Middle Jurassic.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.142

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 3、4 章 早至中侏羅紀河流沉積(大澳組)/火山碎屑岩(荔枝莊組)——第 22–34 頁(PDF 第 25–37 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 3、4 章專講香港嘅侏羅紀沉積岩(大澳組、荔枝莊組),並提及地層曾被誤判為石炭紀後由化石改判;志錄侏羅紀條目嘅年代、沉積環境同化石記載同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 3 and 4. Early–Middle Jurassic fluvial deposits (Tai O Formation) and volcaniclastic rocks (Lai Chi Chong Formation) — printed pp. 22–34 (PDF pp. 25–37); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 3 and 4 cover Hong Kong’s Jurassic sedimentary rocks (Tai O and Lai Chi Chong formations), including the fossil-based re-dating from an earlier Carboniferous assignment.

於大嶼山北岸一帶,當大理岩與火成岩互相接觸時,該處會出現矽卡巖礦化現象。

Along the northern coast of Lantau Island, skarn mineralisation occurs where marble comes into contact with igneous rock.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

於該時期,海平面呈現上漲趨勢,致使沉積作用所處之環境,從大陸邊緣一帶變為海洋。

During this period, sea level rose, causing the depositional environment to change from a continental margin to a marine setting.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.90

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

於古生代期間,華夏褶曲帶的特徵呈現為淺海與大陸環境所形成的沉積序列。

During the Palaeozoic, the Cathaysian fold belt was characterised by sedimentary sequences formed in shallow sea and continental environments.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.84

於古生代最早階段,涵蓋香港在內的華南一帶曾是一片水深較淺的海洋。

In the earliest stage of the Palaeozoic, the area of South China including Hong Kong was a shallow sea.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.84

於泥盆紀期間,廣東地區處於大陸邊緣的濱海環境之中。

During the Devonian period, the Guangdong region was in a coastal environment at the continental margin.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

於泥盆紀期間,陸相沉積物主要匯聚在呈東北—西南方向延伸的盆地內,當時以湖泊環境佔主導。

During the Devonian period, terrestrial sediments mainly accumulated in a northeast–southwest trending basin, then dominated by a lacustrine environment.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

於石炭紀時期,該地累積了相當厚度的碳酸鹽巖層。

During the Carboniferous period, a considerable thickness of carbonate rock layers accumulated in that area.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

於早、中泥盆世期間,裸蕨綱植物最初在華南若干沿海區域出現。

During the Early to Middle Devonian, psilophytes first appeared in several coastal areas of South China.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.471

於侏羅紀早期之燕山期,中國東南沿岸板塊因火山活動而變成聚合型,同時令海洋板塊朝大陸板塊下方俯衝。

During the Yanshanian period of the Early Jurassic, the plate along the southeastern coast of China became convergent due to volcanic activity, causing the oceanic plate to subduct beneath the continental plate.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.190

與元朗組情況相若,馬鞍山組同樣對城市發展構成顯著的工程挑戰。

Similar to the Yuen Long Formation, the Ma On Shan Formation likewise poses significant engineering challenges to urban development.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):馬鞍山組(與鐵礦體相關)——第 157–173 頁(PDF 第 160–176 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 24 章講馬鞍山鐵礦:馬鞍山組沉積岩被花崗岩侵入,粉砂岩接觸變質成角岩、石灰岩(大理石)變成矽卡岩,鐵礦體以磁鐵礦同赤鐵礦為主;志錄條目嘅馬鞍山組巖性、厚度、傾角同卡斯特(溶洞)記載屬同一組岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Ma On Shan Formation (with the iron-ore body) — printed pp. 157–173 (PDF pp. 160–176); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 24 describes the Ma On Shan iron ore: the Ma On Shan Formation was intruded by granite, its siltstone hornfelsed and its limestone (marble) converted to skarn, with a magnetite–haematite ore body — the same formation the archive describes.

元古代末期沉積厚泥質與砂質巖層,穩定環境延續至早古生代。

In the late Proterozoic, thick argillaceous and arenaceous strata were deposited, and the stable environment continued into the early Palaeozoic.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.84

元古代期間,華南地塊聯同非洲、南美、印度、華北以及澳大利亞等陸塊,一併組成了羅迪尼亞超大陸。

During the Proterozoic, the South China Block, together with Africa, South America, India, North China, and Australia, formed the supercontinent Rodinia.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.83

元古代巖層在香港境內基本上沒有出露。

Proterozoic rock layers are essentially not exposed in Hong Kong.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91

元朗組的岩石構成以大理岩為主,色調呈淺灰至白,顆粒屬細粒至中粒。

The Yuen Long Formation is composed mainly of marble, light grey to white in colour, with fine to medium grain size.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

元朗組分佈於香港西北部,其主體由大理岩構成,且幾乎僅見於地下深處。

The Yuen Long Formation is distributed in the northwestern part of Hong Kong, consists mainly of marble, and is almost exclusively found deep underground.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

元朗組和落馬洲組接觸面不規則。

The contact surface between the Yuen Long Formation and the Lok Ma Chau Formation is irregular.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

元朗組受一條走向西北的斷層帶所切穿。

The Yuen Long Formation is cut by a northwest-trending fault zone.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

元朗組由下而上分作朗屏段與馬田段兩個部分。

The Yuen Long Formation is divided from bottom to top into the Long Ping Member and the Ma Tin Member.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

元朗組於元朗西北及天水圍區域,一般埋藏於地面下30米至55米之間。

The Yuen Long Formation in northwestern Yuen Long and the Tin Shui Wai area is generally buried between 30 and 55 metres below ground.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

元朗組之上,普遍見米埔段(屬落馬洲組)之變質砂岩及粉砂岩覆蓋。

Above the Yuen Long Formation, metamorphic sandstone and siltstone of the Mai Po Member (belonging to the Lok Ma Chau Formation) are commonly seen overlying it.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

約3.8億年前晚泥盆世,石松類、木賊及真蕨類興起,裸蕨則日漸絕跡。

About 380 million years ago in the Late Devonian, lycopsids, horsetails and true ferns flourished, while psilophytes gradually became extinct.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.467

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1 章 香港最古老嘅出露岩石——黃竹角咀組——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1 章專講香港嘅泥盆紀地層(黃竹角咀組),並註明馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄泥盆紀條目嘅層序、化石同環境描述對應同一批沉積岩。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 1. Oldest Rocks Exposed in Hong Kong – The Bluff Head Formation — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 1 is devoted to Hong Kong’s Devonian strata (the Bluff Head Formation), noting outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same sedimentary rocks the Devonian-labelled archive entries describe.

在八仙嶺組(屬白堊紀)最下部的礫巖層位中,可發現大量火山岩成因的卵石。

In the lowermost conglomerate horizon of the Pat Sin Leng Formation (Cretaceous), abundant volcanic-origin pebbles can be found.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.169

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):八仙嶺組(白堊紀)——第 35、38 頁(PDF 第 38、41 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書白堊紀紅層一章把八仙嶺組列為同期地層,並比較其礫岩成分;志錄條目嘅八仙嶺組礫岩層位同傾斜方向記載同屬同一地層。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Pat Sin Leng Formation (Cretaceous) — printed pp. 35、38 (PDF pp. 38、41); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Cretaceous “Red Beds” chapter lists the Pat Sin Leng Formation among the contemporaneous strata and compares its conglomerate, matching the archive entries on that formation.

在部分區域,兩組之間的界線呈現由碳酸鹽巖逐步過渡為粉砂質巖的現象。

In some areas, the boundary between the two formations shows a gradual transition from carbonate rock to silty rock.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

在大嶼山北面及東涌區域進行的鑽探工程中,鑽孔內掘出二疊紀大埔海組的巖層。

In drilling works carried out in northern Lantau and the Tung Chung area, strata of the Permian Tai Po Hoi Formation were recovered from the boreholes.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

在東南地區,巖漿曾與成分更偏鎂鐵質、年代介乎中生代至古生代的地殼物質發生混染。

In the southeastern region, magma was contaminated by more mafic crustal material dating from the Mesozoic to Palaeozoic.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.89

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 1、2、7 章(香港嘅古生代地層:黃竹角咀組、大埔海組、新田群)——第 8–21、46–51 頁(PDF 第 11–24、49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 1、2、7 章分別講香港嘅泥盆紀、二疊紀同石炭紀地層,即香港古生代岩石嘅全部;志錄「古生代/晚古生代」條目講嘅地層序列同露頭分佈同呢三章對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 1, 2 and 7 (Hong Kong’s Palaeozoic strata: Bluff Head, Tolo Harbour and San Tin units) — printed pp. 8–21、46–51 (PDF pp. 11–24、49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 1, 2 and 7 cover Hong Kong’s Devonian, Permian and Carboniferous strata — the whole of the Palaeozoic in Hong Kong — matching the archive’s Palaeozoic (including Late Palaeozoic) entries.

在東涌工程鑽孔中發現大埔海組岩石,以變質砂岩和大理岩為主。

Rocks of the Tai Po Sea Formation, mainly metamorphic sandstone and marble, were found in boreholes of the Tung Chung project.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

在動力變質作用的影響下,礫石會轉變為扁平的外形。

Under dynamic metamorphism, pebbles are transformed into flattened shapes.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

在方解石基質內,呈間隙粒狀分佈著透輝石與石榴石。

Within the calcite matrix, diopside and garnet are distributed as interstitial grains.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

在華南一帶,印支造山運動出現於中生代早期。

In South China, the Indosinian Orogeny occurred in the Early Mesozoic.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.85

在落馬洲組地層中,大磨刀島發現有石墨片岩發育,該島位於大嶼山北面。

In the Lok Ma Chau Formation, graphitic schist is found developed on Tai Mo To Island, which lies north of Lantau Island.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

在馬鞍山一帶的岩石地層中,出土了屬於晚泥盆紀的植物化石,該地層因此被劃分為黃竹角咀組。

Plant fossils of Late Devonian age were unearthed from rock strata near Ma On Shan, and the strata were accordingly assigned to the Wong Chuk Kok Tsui Formation.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

在馬屎洲,部分巖層的最下層有時可發現礫石層。

On Ma Shi Chau, a gravel layer can sometimes be found at the lowest part of some rock strata.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

在泥盆紀地層中,能夠發現屬於淡水魚類及陸生植物的化石。

Fossils of freshwater fish and terrestrial plants can be found in Devonian strata.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

在泥盆紀期間,華南一帶的海洋沉積作用只出現於雲南延伸至粵西的範圍。

During the Devonian period, marine sedimentation in the South China region occurred only in the area extending from Yunnan to western Guangdong.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

在毗鄰香港的深圳蓮塘一帶,同樣有震旦紀巖層被發現。

Sinian strata have likewise been found in the Liantang area of Shenzhen adjacent to Hong Kong.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91

在毗鄰香港的深圳蓮塘一帶,有震旦紀岩石被發現。

Sinian rocks have been found in the Liantang area of Shenzhen adjacent to Hong Kong.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.90

在深圳蓮塘地區,王婆山組的岩石中發現了藻類化石。

Algal fossils were found in rocks of the Wangpo Shan Formation in the Liantang area of Shenzhen.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91

在鐵坑一帶,變質礫巖的厚度最厚可達約3米。

In the Tik Hang area, the metamorphic conglomerate reaches a maximum thickness of about 3 metres.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

在透鏡狀砂岩內部可見低角度交叉層理。

Low-angle cross-bedding is visible within the lenticular sandstone.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

在吐露港馬屎洲可看到大埔海組巖層兩種明顯不同的巖相。

Two distinctly different rock facies of the Tai Po Sea Formation can be seen at Ma Shi Chau in Tolo Harbour.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

在香港,陸上岩石出露之中約有85%屬於中生代火山岩與侵入岩,這些岩石的時代大多為晚侏羅世至早白堊世,並構成當地最主要的岩石種類。

In Hong Kong, about 85% of onshore rock outcrops are Mesozoic volcanic and intrusive rocks, mostly of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age, and these constitute the most predominant rock types in the territory.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 3、4 章 早至中侏羅紀河流沉積(大澳組)/火山碎屑岩(荔枝莊組)——第 22–34 頁(PDF 第 25–37 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 3、4 章專講香港嘅侏羅紀沉積岩(大澳組、荔枝莊組),並提及地層曾被誤判為石炭紀後由化石改判;志錄侏羅紀條目嘅年代、沉積環境同化石記載同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 3 and 4. Early–Middle Jurassic fluvial deposits (Tai O Formation) and volcaniclastic rocks (Lai Chi Chong Formation) — printed pp. 22–34 (PDF pp. 25–37); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 3 and 4 cover Hong Kong’s Jurassic sedimentary rocks (Tai O and Lai Chi Chong formations), including the fossil-based re-dating from an earlier Carboniferous assignment.

在香港,泥盆紀地層主要由黃竹角咀組構成。

In Hong Kong, the Devonian strata consist mainly of the Wong Chuk Kok Tsui Formation.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

在香港北面邊界一帶,能夠發現屬於元古代時期的砂質沉積巖,以及位於地層深處的混合巖。

Along the northern boundary of Hong Kong, Proterozoic sandy sedimentary rocks and deep-seated migmatites can be found.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.84

在香港的侏羅紀火山岩內,找到屬於石炭紀至二疊紀的大理岩碎塊,此現象反映地底深層有古生代岩石存在。

Within Hong Kong's Jurassic volcanic rocks, marble fragments of Carboniferous to Permian age were found, reflecting the presence of Palaeozoic rocks at depth.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

在壓力作用下,岩石內的石英礦物往往會產生變形,進而呈現扁平的外觀。

Under pressure, quartz minerals in rocks often deform and take on a flattened appearance.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

在元古時代晚期,香港周邊區域處於濱海及大陸架地帶,並有走向為東北至西南方向的沉積盆地。

In the late Proterozoic, the area around Hong Kong was in a coastal and continental shelf zone, with a sedimentary basin trending northeast to southwest.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.84

在元朗東南,深度18米至43米之間的大理岩層中,發現一處典型卡斯特地貌。

In southeastern Yuen Long, a typical karst landform was found in a marble layer between 18 and 43 metres in depth.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

在元朗組的上部,覆蓋著一層厚度介乎18米至40米的風化土。

The upper part of the Yuen Long Formation is covered by a layer of weathered soil between 18 and 40 metres thick.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.94

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

在早泥盆世至中泥盆世階段,約4.1億年前至3.8億年前,加里東造山運動終結以後,華南地區的陸地面積呈現擴張之勢。

From the Early Devonian to the Middle Devonian, about 410 million to 380 million years ago, after the end of the Caledonian orogeny, the land area of South China expanded.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.471

在早中侏羅世期間,砂岩、粉砂岩及頁巖於深海陸架環境中堆積形成。

During the Early to Middle Jurassic, sandstone, siltstone, and shale were deposited in deep-sea shelf environments.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 3、4 章 早至中侏羅紀河流沉積(大澳組)/火山碎屑岩(荔枝莊組)——第 22–34 頁(PDF 第 25–37 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 3、4 章專講香港嘅侏羅紀沉積岩(大澳組、荔枝莊組),並提及地層曾被誤判為石炭紀後由化石改判;志錄侏羅紀條目嘅年代、沉積環境同化石記載同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 3 and 4. Early–Middle Jurassic fluvial deposits (Tai O Formation) and volcaniclastic rocks (Lai Chi Chong Formation) — printed pp. 22–34 (PDF pp. 25–37); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 3 and 4 cover Hong Kong’s Jurassic sedimentary rocks (Tai O and Lai Chi Chong formations), including the fossil-based re-dating from an earlier Carboniferous assignment.

早期地層分類一般把大埔海組岩石歸入赤門組。

Early stratigraphic classification generally assigned the rocks of the Tai Po Sea Formation to the Tolo Channel Formation.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):大埔海組(二疊紀)——第 15–21 頁(PDF 第 18–24 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 2 章講二疊紀大埔海組(Tolo Harbour Formation),露頭集中喺吐露港一帶,包括馬屎洲、丫洲、香港中文大學同吐露港西岸;志錄條目講嘅主要露頭位置、上/下段巖性同化石屬同一岩組。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Tolo Harbour Formation (Permian) — printed pp. 15–21 (PDF pp. 18–24); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 2 covers the Permian Tolo Harbour Formation, exposed around Tolo Harbour including Ma Shi Chau, Centre Island and the Chinese University — the same unit and outcrops the archive describes.

褶疊構造沿黃竹角咀半島向西南伸延。

The fold structure extends southwestward along the Wong Chuk Kok Tsui peninsula.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

這次巖漿巖運動一直持續至早白堊世。

This magmatic movement continued until the Early Cretaceous.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

這個半島地勢險峻,丘陵分佈於其沿線,當中若干小丘的海拔在200米以上。

This peninsula has rugged terrain, with hills distributed along its length, several of which exceed 200 metres in elevation.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

這套馬鞍山火山岩不整合覆蓋在泥盆紀至石炭紀的馬鞍山組沉積巖之上。

This Ma On Shan volcanic rock unconformably overlies the Devonian to Carboniferous Ma On Shan Formation sedimentary rocks.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.123

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):馬鞍山組(與鐵礦體相關)——第 157–173 頁(PDF 第 160–176 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 24 章講馬鞍山鐵礦:馬鞍山組沉積岩被花崗岩侵入,粉砂岩接觸變質成角岩、石灰岩(大理石)變成矽卡岩,鐵礦體以磁鐵礦同赤鐵礦為主;志錄條目嘅馬鞍山組巖性、厚度、傾角同卡斯特(溶洞)記載屬同一組岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Ma On Shan Formation (with the iron-ore body) — printed pp. 157–173 (PDF pp. 160–176); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 24 describes the Ma On Shan iron ore: the Ma On Shan Formation was intruded by granite, its siltstone hornfelsed and its limestone (marble) converted to skarn, with a magnetite–haematite ore body — the same formation the archive describes.

這些沉積巖主要由流水作用造成。

These sedimentary rocks were mainly formed by the action of flowing water.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):黃竹角咀組(泥盆紀)——第 8–14 頁(PDF 第 11–17 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書寫明泥盆紀沉積岩係香港最古老嘅出露地層,命名黃竹角咀組,沿赤門海峽海岸出露(北岸由白沙頭洲至黃竹角咀),厚度逾 800 米、南北兩側以斷層為界,並記述馬鞍山一帶亦有露頭;志錄條目講嘅厚度、層序、沉積構造同露頭位置(黃竹角咀半島、鳳凰笏、白沙頭洲)都喺同一批岩石。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Bluff Head Formation (Devonian) — printed pp. 8–14 (PDF pp. 11–17); same rock unit. The Guide records: The Guide states that the Devonian sedimentary rocks are the oldest strata exposed in Hong Kong, named the Bluff Head Formation, cropping out along Tolo Channel from Pak Sha Tau Chau to Bluff Head, over 800 m thick and fault-bounded, with outcrops also in the Ma On Shan area — the same rocks the archive describes.

整體而言,大石磨段的岩石展現出顯著的片理特徵。

Overall, the rocks of the Tai Shek Mo section show prominent schistosity.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

至今在香港範圍內仍未找到相同種類的岩石,因此估計該巖層可能一直伸延到羅湖一帶。

No identical rock type has been found in Hong Kong to date, so it is estimated that the rock formation may extend to the Lo Wu area.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.90

至於其餘區域,該兩組之間以斷層方式相接,其分界面則顯得較為明確。

As for the remaining areas, the two formations are bounded by faults, and their interface appears relatively clear.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

至於最上層,則由變質粉砂岩與絹雲母片岩組成,並夾有多層厚度較大的變質砂岩。

As for the uppermost layer, it consists of metamorphic siltstone and sericite schist, intercalated with several thicker beds of metamorphic sandstone.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

中段地層的核心岩石為千枚巖與變質粉砂岩,其中夾有一層厚度達1.5米的灰白色石英變質砂岩。

The core rocks of the middle section are phyllite and metamorphic siltstone, with an intercalated layer of greyish-white quartzose metasandstone up to 1.5 metres thick.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 7 章 變質沉積岩——落馬洲組(連元朗組大理石)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭界定香港嘅石炭紀岩石=新田群(元朗組大理石+落馬洲組),並提及屯門組東面以斷層接石炭紀落馬洲組;志錄石炭紀條目(含早石炭紀)嘅巖性同分佈同此對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapter 7. Metasedimentary Rocks – Lok Ma Chau Formation (with Yuen Long Formation marble) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapter 7 defines Hong Kong’s Carboniferous rocks as the San Tin Group (Yuen Long Formation marble plus the Lok Ma Chau Formation) and notes the fault contact with the Tuen Mun Formation — matching the archive’s Carboniferous (including Early Carboniferous) entries.

中國東南部前寒武紀結晶巖出露少,基底結構瞭解有限。

Precambrian crystalline rocks are sparsely exposed in southeastern China, and understanding of the basement structure is limited.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

中國南方廣泛出露同類碳酸岩,據此推斷元朗組屬早石炭紀沉積。

Similar carbonate rocks are widely exposed in southern China, on which basis the Yuen Long Formation is inferred to be an Early Carboniferous deposit.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):新田群:元朗組(下部)+落馬洲組(上部,含米埔段、大石磨段)——第 46–51 頁(PDF 第 49–54 頁),屬同一地層單位;該章記載:導賞書第 7 章開頭寫明「香港嘅石炭紀岩石由新田群代表」:下部係元朗組碳酸鹽岩(大理石,Lower San Tin Group),上部係落馬洲組非碳酸鹽沉積岩(Upper San Tin Group);米埔段含變質粉砂岩、千枚岩同石墨,露頭喺上水大石磨、羅湖一帶,北以深圳河為界。志錄條目嘅米埔段/大石磨段巖性、石墨(大磨刀島礦場)、厚度同分佈同呢批露頭完全對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): San Tin Group: Yuen Long Formation (lower) and Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members) — printed pp. 46–51 (PDF pp. 49–54); same rock unit. The Guide records: Chapter 7 opens by stating that the Carboniferous rocks of Hong Kong are represented by the San Tin Group: marble of the Yuen Long Formation (lower) and the non-carbonate Lok Ma Chau Formation (upper, with the Mai Po and Tai Shek Mo members, including graphite) exposed at Tai Shek Mo and Lo Wu — matching the archive entries on those members, graphite and thicknesses.

中生代火山岩與侵入岩佔香港陸上岩石出露約85%。

Mesozoic volcanic and intrusive rocks account for about 85% of Hong Kong's onshore rock outcrops.

來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86

第二來源 《香港地質導賞書》(土木工程拓展署土力工程處,2007-06):第 3–20 章(侏羅紀至白堊紀:沉積岩、火山岩同侵入岩)——第 22–136 頁(PDF 第 25–139 頁),屬同一地質紀;該章記載:導賞書第 3–16 章講侏羅紀至白堊紀嘅沉積岩同火山岩,第 17–20 章講同期嘅侵入岩(書前目錄亦按沉積岩、火山岩、侵入岩三類分章);志錄「中生代」條目講嘅岩石組合同呢批章節對應。Hong Kong Geology Guide Book (2007-06): Chapters 3 to 20 (Jurassic to Cretaceous sedimentary, volcanic and intrusive rocks) — printed pp. 22–136 (PDF pp. 25–139); same geological period. The Guide records: Chapters 3–16 cover the Jurassic–Cretaceous sedimentary and volcanic rocks and Chapters 17–20 the contemporaneous intrusive rocks — the same Mesozoic rock assemblage the archive entries describe.

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