香港大事記 · 1890 年代

1890 · 年級（1890年香港電力公司成立，為居民提供電力服務）。

香港電力公司成立，開始為香港島提供電力供應。

The Hong Kong Electric Company is founded, beginning electricity supply on Hong Kong Island.

背景 1890年，香港電力公司成立，開始為香港島提供電力供應。呢間公司其後一直負責港島嘅電力供應，屬香港早期電力事業嘅一環。當時香港嘅工商業同照明需求逐步增加，電力供應成為城市現代化嘅一部分。事件屬年份級記錄，即發生於1890年，未有逐日資料。

In 1890 the Hong Kong Electric Company was founded and began supplying electricity on Hong Kong Island. Its task was to serve the Island, and it went on to be responsible for that supply as part of Hong Kong's early power industry. As demand from industry, commerce and lighting grew, electricity supply became part of the city's modernisation. The date is recorded at year level, meaning the event is placed within 1890 rather than on a precise day of that year.

記憶錨點 此公司其後負責港島的電力供應，屬香港早期電力事業的一環。

It went on to supply electricity on Hong Kong Island as part of the early local power industry.

來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事）（香港地方志中心）

historyeconomy-finance

1890-12-01 · 灣仔（港燈首座灣仔發電廠） · 日級（港燈官方記12月1日下午6時燃亮中環電街燈）。

港燈灣仔發電廠投產，燃亮香港首批電街燈，為香港首次公共電力供應。

HK Electric's Wanchai power station starts operating, lighting Hong Kong's first electric street lamps as the colony's first public electricity supply.

背景 1890年12月1日，港燈位於灣仔的首座發電廠投產，同日傍晚6時燃亮中環首批電街燈，成為香港首次公共電力供應。電街燈逐步取代原有的煤氣燈，改變了城市的夜間照明方式。灣仔發電廠的運作為港島電力網絡的建立提供了起點，電力照明亦隨網絡擴展逐步普及至市區各處。

On 1 December 1890 HK Electric's first power station at Wan Chai began operating, and that evening at 6 pm it lit Central's first electric street lamps, the colony's first public electricity supply. These lamps gradually superseded the existing gas lighting and changed the way the city was lit at night. The Wan Chai station's operation marked the starting point for building an electricity network on Hong Kong Island, and electric lighting spread gradually across the urban areas as that network expanded.

記憶錨點 1890年12月1日傍晚6時，中環首批電街燈由剛投產的灣仔發電廠供電亮起，逐步取代原有煤氣燈。

At 6 pm on 1 December 1890, Central's first electric street lamps, powered by the new Wan Chai station, were lit, gradually superseding gas lighting.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 1890年12月1日，香港電燈公司於下午六時開始供電，使中環區域點亮…（第 176 頁）

來源 港燈電力投資：我們的歷史（香港電燈有限公司）

energyhistory

1891-02-03 · 中環（香港會所） · 日級（香港交易所歷史記1891年成立本港首家證券交易所）。

香港首家證券交易所成立，早期以股票經紀聚集於香港會所進行交易。

Hong Kong's first stock exchange is established, early brokers trading at the Hong Kong Club.

背景 香港首家證券交易所於1891年成立，早期股票經紀聚集於中環的香港會所進行交易。交易所最初以經紀人會的形式運作，1921年再成立香港證券經紀協會，兩者於1947年合併為香港證券交易所。交易所的成立標誌香港證券買賣走向制度化，為日後香港證券市場的發展奠定基礎。

Hong Kong's first stock exchange was established in 1891, with early brokers gathering to trade at the Hong Kong Club in Central. Trading at first involved only a small number of shares. It operated on a brokers' club model, and a second body, the Hong Kong Stockbrokers' Association, was formed in 1921. The two merged in 1947 to become the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong, laying a foundation for the later growth of the city's securities market and its role as a financial centre in the region.

記憶錨點 早期交易所以經紀人會形式運作，1921年再設香港證券經紀協會，兩者於1947年合併為香港證券交易所。

Early trading followed the brokers' club model; a second association formed in 1921, the two merging into the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong in 1947.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 1891年2月3日，香港股票經紀協會成立了香港第一個正式證券交易所。（第 176 頁）

來源 香港證券市場歷史事件（香港交易所）

financehistoryeconomy

1892 · 大埔（太和市／富善街） · 年級（古物古蹟辦事處記大埔七約於1892年另設太和市，文武二帝廟同期落成）。

大埔七約在富善街另組太和市（後稱大埔墟），以抗衡鄧氏壟斷的大埔舊墟。

The Tai Po Seven Yeuk establish Tai Wo Shi (later Tai Po Market) at Fu Shin Street to counter the Teng-dominated old market.

背景 大埔七約於1892年在富善街另設太和市，即後來的大埔墟，用以抗衡錦田鄧氏所壟斷的大埔舊墟。新墟由七約合資開設，文武二帝廟亦於同期落成，成為墟市的聚會與祭祀中心。此事反映新界墟市既是鄉村交易場所，也牽涉不同宗族之間的勢力與商業競爭。

The seven yeuk of Tai Po set up Tai Wo Shi, later known as Tai Po Market, on Fu Shin Street in 1892 to break the Kam Tin Tangs' monopoly over the old market. The new market was opened with joint funding from the seven yeuk, and the Man Mo Temple was completed around the same period, serving as a gathering and worship place for the market community. The case shows that New Territories markets were not only places of rural trade but also arenas of rivalry between different clans and commercial interests.

記憶錨點 太和市（大埔墟）由大埔七約合資開設，用以抗衡錦田鄧氏壟斷的大埔舊墟。

Tai Wo Market (Tai Po Market) was set up by the seven yeuk of Tai Po to break the Kam Tin Tangs' grip on the old market.

來源 古物古蹟辦事處：香港法定古蹟（大埔文武二帝廟）（古物古蹟辦事處）

historyeconomy

1893 · 西營盤（那打素醫院） · 年級（醫管局官方記1893年興建那打素醫院，具體月日未核實）。

那打素醫院建成，為倫敦傳道會旗下專為貧苦華人提供西醫療治的醫院，同年創辦香港首間本地護士學校。

Nethersole Hospital is built as a London Missionary Society hospital providing western medical care to the poor, and Hong Kong's first nursing school is launched that year.

背景 那打素醫院於1893年在西營盤建成，由倫敦傳道會創辦，專為貧苦華人提供西醫療治。醫院以捐款人那打素命名，屬早期由教會為華人提供西醫服務的醫院。同年，醫院創辦香港首間本地護士學校，培訓本地護理人手。在十九世紀末西醫尚未普及之時，這類教會醫院同時承擔診治貧苦大眾與培訓護士的職能。

Nethersole Hospital was built in 1893 in Sai Ying Pun by the London Missionary Society, providing Western medical care specifically for poor Chinese residents. It was named after its donor, Nethersole, and was among the early mission hospitals offering Western medicine to the Chinese community. In the same year it launched Hong Kong's first local nursing school, training nurses locally. At a time when Western medicine was not yet widely available, such mission hospitals served both to treat the poor and to train medical staff.

記憶錨點 醫院由倫敦傳道會創辦，以捐款人那打素命名，屬早期由教會為貧苦華人提供西醫服務的醫院。

Founded by the London Missionary Society and named after a donor, it was an early mission hospital providing Western medicine to poor Chinese.

來源 醫管局雅麗氏何妙齡那打素醫院歷史（醫院管理局（那打素醫院））

historyhealthmedical

1893 · 橫瀾島（離島區） · 年級（古物古蹟辦事處《香港的燈塔》記橫瀾燈塔1893年落成啟用）。

橫瀾燈塔1893年啟用，為香港東面主要航道燈塔。

Waglan Lighthouse opens in 1893 as the beacon for Hong Kong's eastern approaches.

背景 橫瀾燈塔位於橫瀾島，1893年落成啟用，是香港東面主要航道的燈塔，由設於上海的中國海關管理。它為東面航道提供定位與警示，啟用後令鶴咀燈塔失去原有作用。這類燈塔是十九世紀末香港航道安全的重要設施。燈塔於1989年起轉為自動化運作，並在2000年獲列為法定古蹟。

Waglan Lighthouse stands on Waglan Island and opened in 1893 as the beacon for Hong Kong's eastern approaches. It was run by the Chinese Maritime Customs based in Shanghai. Lighthouses were essential to a port whose trade depended on safe passage through the surrounding waters. By guiding shipping on the eastern route, it rendered Cape D'Aguilar Lighthouse obsolete. The lighthouse was automated from 1989, was declared a monument in 2000, and continues to serve as a navigation aid on the eastern approach.

記憶錨點 由上海中國海關管理；其啟用令鶴咀燈塔失去原有作用；1989年起自動化；2000年列法定古蹟。

Run by the Chinese Maritime Customs; its opening rendered Cape D'Aguilar obsolete; automated 1989; declared monument 2000.

來源 香港法定古蹟（古物古蹟辦事處）

heritagetransportlighthouse

1894 · 年級（1894年香港爆發鼠疫，造成大量死亡）。

香港爆發嚴重鼠疫，疫症導致大量死亡，促使政府推行公共衛生改革。

A severe bubonic plague outbreak hits Hong Kong, causing many deaths and prompting public health reforms.

背景 1894年，香港爆發嚴重鼠疫，疫症造成大量死亡，促使政府推行公共衛生改革。疫症由內地傳入，在太平山街一帶嘅華人聚居區爆發。呢場疫症令政府更加重視潔淨、供水同樓宇監管等公共衛生事務，成為香港公共衛生制度發展嘅一個轉折點。事件屬年份級記錄。

In 1894 a severe outbreak of bubonic plague struck Hong Kong, causing a large number of deaths and prompting the government to carry out public-health reforms. The disease spread from the mainland into the Chinese quarters around Tai Ping Shan Street, an area of dense settlement on Hong Kong Island. The outbreak led the authorities to give greater weight to sanitation, water supply and building supervision, and it became a turning point in the development of the city's public-health system. The date is recorded at year level, so the event is placed within 1894 rather than on one particular day.

記憶錨點 鼠疫自內地傳入，在太平山街一帶的華人聚居區爆發，促使政府推行公共衛生改革。

Plague spread from the mainland into Chinese quarters around Tai Ping Shan Street, prompting public-health reforms.

來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事）（香港地方志中心）

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1898-05 · 尖沙咀 · 天星小輪前身九龍渡海小輪於1898年中營運，官方一手只至於「1898年5月」。

九龍渡海小輪開辦，即天星小輪前身，維港兩岸渡輪服務自此展開。

The Kowloon ferry service, the predecessor of the Star Ferry, begins cross-harbour ferry operations.

背景 1898年，九龍渡海小輪開辦，即天星小輪的前身，維港兩岸的渡輪服務自此展開。小輪最初由一名巴斯裔商人創辦，其後由九龍倉等公司接手並命名「天星」，往來中環與尖沙咀。在未有海底隧道及地鐵的年代，渡輪是市民橫渡維多利亞港的主要方式，天星小輪亦成為香港最具代表性的交通工具之一。

In 1898 the Kowloon ferry service, predecessor of the Star Ferry, began, opening up cross-harbour ferry travel in Victoria Harbour. Founded by a Parsi businessman and later taken over by firms including the Wharf and given the name Star Ferry, it plied between Central and Tsim Sha Tsui. Before the cross-harbour tunnel and the MTR existed, ferries were the main way for people to cross Victoria Harbour, and the Star Ferry became one of Hong Kong's most recognisable forms of transport.

記憶錨點 小輪最初由一名巴斯裔商人創辦，其後由九龍倉等接手並命名「天星」，往來中環與尖沙咀。

Founded by a Parsi businessman and later run by firms including the Wharf, the Star Ferry plies between Central and Tsim Sha Tsui.

來源 天星小輪：公司簡介（1898年5月正式成立）（天星小輪有限公司）

transportculture

1898-06-09

在北京簽訂條約，把九龍界限街以北至深圳河及235個島嶼租借英國99年。

A treaty signed in Beijing leases the area north of Boundary Street to the Shenzhen River plus 235 islands to Britain for 99 years.

背景 1898年6月9日，中英在北京簽訂條約，把九龍界限街以北至深圳河一帶及235個島嶼租借予英國，為期99年。與此前割讓的香港島、九龍不同，新界屬「租借」而非割讓，性質有別。正因如此，1997年回歸時交還的是涵蓋新界的租約地，港島與九龍則屬割讓地。這次租借亦令香港的版圖大為擴展，奠定其後新界的管治範圍。

On 9 June 1898 Britain and Qing China signed a treaty in Beijing leasing the area north of Boundary Street to the Shenzhen River, together with 235 islands, to Britain for ninety-nine years. Unlike Hong Kong Island and Kowloon, which had been ceded, the New Territories were leased rather than ceded, a materially different arrangement. That is why the 1997 handover returned the leased territory covering the New Territories, while Hong Kong Island and Kowloon were ceded land. The lease also greatly expanded Hong Kong's territory.

記憶錨點 新界並非割讓而係「租借」，故1997年回歸時只交還新界租約，港島與九龍屬割讓地。

The New Territories were leased, not ceded, so at the 1997 handover only the lease territory reverted, while Hong Kong Island and Kowloon were ceded territory.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 《展拓香港界址專條》由中英雙方在1898年6月9日於北京簽訂，該條約…（第 53 頁）、 1898年6月9日，《展拓香港界址專條》由中國及英國雙方簽訂，新界租…（第 28 頁）、 1898年6月9日，《展拓香港界址專條》由中國與英國在北京簽訂，並自…（第 182 頁）、 該片原本由中國管轄之土地及水域，自此納入香港政府新設之行政範圍，並以…（第 182 頁）、 依據《展拓香港界址專條》，英國租借了界限街以北、由沙頭角海至深圳灣最…（第 182 頁）

來源 《香港年報2021》第二十二章：歷史（香港特別行政區政府）

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