香港大事記 · 1930 年代

1930 · 年級（1930年啟德機場正式開放）。

啟德機場正式開放，為香港主要民用機場。

Kai Tak Airport officially opens as Hong Kong's main civilian airport.

背景 二十世紀初，航空運輸逐漸興起，香港需要固定的民用機場設施。一九三零年，啟德機場正式開放，成為香港主要民用機場。開放後，機場多次擴建跑道及設施，以應付日益增加的航班，並在往後數十年成為香港對外航空聯繫的重要樞紐。

In the early twentieth century, as civil aviation began to develop, Hong Kong needed fixed airport facilities. In 1930 Kai Tak Airport officially opened and became the territory's main civilian airport. Its runway and facilities were expanded several times to cope with increasingly busy traffic, and for decades it served as a key hub for Hong Kong's air links with the outside world. Its growth over time reflected the rising importance of air travel to the territory's transport and economy.

記憶錨點 啟德機場開放後成為香港主要民用機場，其後多次擴建跑道及設施。

On opening, Kai Tak became Hong Kong's main civil airport, its runway and facilities expanded over the years.

來源 關於我們（香港國際機場）（機場管理局）

historytransport

1931 · 年級（1931年人口約87.9萬）。

香港人口約878,947人，為當時遠東重要城市之一。

Hong Kong's population reaches about 878,947, making it one of the major cities in the Far East.

背景 踏入一九三零年代，香港已發展為遠東重要的商埠，轉口貿易、航運及本地工商業均有增長。一九三一年人口約八十七萬八千九百四十七人，市區逐步向九龍擴展，人口持續增加。這個人口規模反映香港在區域中的地位，同時對住屋、衞生及公共設施帶來新的需求。

By the 1930s Hong Kong had become a major Far Eastern entrepôt, with growth in trade, shipping and local commerce. In 1931 its population was about 878,947, and as numbers kept rising the urban area spread into Kowloon. This scale reflected the territory's standing in the region, while also creating fresh demand for housing, sanitation and public facilities. Officials faced the challenge of serving a growing population while the city's infrastructure and urban extent kept expanding. The city’s continued growth would pose lasting questions of planning, housing and public services.

記憶錨點 當時香港已是遠東重要商埠，人口持續增長，市區逐步向九龍擴展。

By then a major Far Eastern entrepôt, Hong Kong's population kept rising and the city spread into Kowloon.

來源 《香港年報2021》第二十二章：歷史（香港特別行政區政府）

historypopulation

1933 · 赤柱（南區）

政府把赤柱軍人墳場遷至黃麻角道現址。

The Government relocates Stanley Military Cemetery to its present site on Wong Ma Kok Road.

背景 1933年，政府把赤柱軍人墳場遷至黃麻角道現址，重新安葬原本葬於區內其他位置的軍人與相關人士。墳場內最早期墓碑可追溯至1843年，記錄了香港開埠初期駐軍與外籍社群的歷史。2010年，墳場獲評為三級歷史建築，成為赤柱一帶重要的歷史遺蹟，也是研究香港早期駐軍歷史的實物依據。

In 1933 the Government relocated Stanley Military Cemetery to its present site on Wong Ma Kok Road, reinterring soldiers and others previously buried elsewhere in the district. The earliest headstone in the cemetery dates to 1843, recording the garrison and expatriate community of Hong Kong's early colonial years. In 2010 it was graded a Grade III historic building, making it an important historical site in the Stanley area and a physical record for studying Hong Kong's early garrison.

記憶錨點 墳場內最早期墓碑追溯至1843年，2010年評為三級歷史建築。

Its earliest headstone dates to 1843; graded a Grade III historic building in 2010.

來源 古物諮詢委員會赤柱軍人墳場評級

historyheritage

1933 · 上環（恒生銀行） · 年級（恒生銀行官方年報記1933年由銀號起家成立）。

恒生銀行在上海及香港設立的銀號基礎上成立，發展為香港主要本地銀行。

Hang Seng Bank is established from a money-changing shop founded in 1933.

背景 1933年，恒生銀行在上環由銀號起家成立。早期業務多圍繞找換與黃金，服務本地商人與街坊，其後逐步由銀號發展為主要本地銀行。1965年，滙豐收購恒生銀行控股權；此後恒生雖屬滙豐集團成員，仍以本地品牌繼續營運，分行深入社區。恒生的成長，反映戰後香港華資金融與大眾存款業務的擴展。

Hang Seng Bank was established in 1933 from a money-changing business in Sheung Wan. Its early trade centred on exchange and gold, serving local merchants and residents, and it grew from such a shop into a major local bank. In 1965 HSBC acquired a controlling stake, and although Hang Seng became part of the HSBC group it kept operating under its local brand with branches reaching deep into communities. Its rise reflects the expansion of Chinese-capital finance and mass deposit banking in post-war Hong Kong.

記憶錨點 1965年滙豐收購恒生銀行控股權，恒生維持本地品牌營運。

HSBC acquired a controlling stake in Hang Seng in 1965, which continues to operate under its local brand.

來源 恒生銀行年報企業資料（1933年創立）（恒生銀行）

financehistory

1933-04-13 · 全港（九龍及新界） · 日級（九巴官方記1933年4月13日成立並取得九龍及新界專營權）。

九巴成立並取得九龍及新界巴士專營權，香港專營巴士制度由此開始。

KMB is founded and secures the franchise for Kowloon and the New Territories, starting Hong Kong's franchised bus system.

背景 1933年4月13日，九龍汽車（1933）有限公司正式成立，並取得九龍及新界地區的巴士專營權，標誌着香港專營巴士制度的開始。公司由鄧肇堅等人創辦，初期以110部巴士服務九龍及新界。專營權制度其後成為本地公共交通的重要框架，深刻影響日後巴士服務的組織方式。

On 13 April 1933, Kowloon Motor Bus (1933) Limited was incorporated and secured the bus franchise for Kowloon and the New Territories, marking the start of Hong Kong's franchised bus system. The company was founded by local businessmen and initially operated a fleet of 110 buses. Under a franchise, an operator holds an exclusive right to run defined routes, and the arrangement became a cornerstone of public transport in the territory. The franchise model later shaped how bus services were organised and regulated across Hong Kong.

記憶錨點 鄧肇堅等人創辦九龍汽車（1933）有限公司，初以110部巴士營運。

Founded by Shun Tak-shin and others, initially operating 110 buses.

來源 九龍巴士：發展里程（九龍巴士）

transporthistory

1933-06-11 · 中環（士丹利街） · 官方網站記1933年6月11日創辦。

陸羽茶室由馬超萬及李熾南於1933年6月11日創辦，初設於永吉街，1976年遷至士丹利街現址。

Luk Yu Tea House is founded on 11 June 1933 by Ma Chiu Man and Lee Chi Nam, first opening on Wing Kut Street before moving to Stanley Street in 1976.

背景 陸羽茶室由馬超萬及李熾南於1933年6月11日創辦，最初設於中環永吉街，至1976年遷往士丹利街現址。茶室樓上供奉中國茶聖陸羽像，以傳統點心與茶藝見稱，是中環商業區內延續港式飲茶文化的地標。在中環這個早期華洋雜處的核心商業區，茶室既服務本地茶客，也見證戰後香港茶樓業的興衰與轉變。

Luk Yu Tea House was founded on 11 June 1933 by Ma Chiu Man and Lee Chi Nam, first opening on Wing Kut Street in Central before moving to its present Stanley Street premises in 1976. A statue of Lu Yu, the Chinese Tea Sage, is kept on the upper floor, and the tea house is known for traditional dim sum and tea service, making it a landmark of Hong Kong's yum cha culture within the Central business district. In a core commercial area where Chinese and Western communities mixed early on, it served local tea drinkers and witnessed the rise and shifts of the city's tea-house trade.

記憶錨點 中環百年茶樓，樓上供奉中國茶聖陸羽像，為港式飲茶文化地標。

A century-old Central tea house housing a statue of the Tea Sage Lu Yu, a landmark of Hong Kong dim-sum culture.

來源 陸羽茶室官方網站：關於陸羽茶室（陸羽茶室）

culturefoodcentral-western

1934 · 黃大仙（鑽石山） · 年級（志蓮淨苑官方記1934年居士捐款闢建）。

志蓮淨苑於鑽石山創立，由居士捐贈別墅闢作弘法道場，後成仿唐木構寺院。

Chi Lin Nunnery is established in Diamond Hill in 1934, later renowned for its Tang-style timber architecture.

背景 志蓮淨苑於1934年在黃大仙鑽石山創立，最初由居士捐款闢建。據其官方簡史，苑址原為居士捐贈的別墅，被闢作弘法道場。其後志蓮淨苑重建為仿唐木構建築群，以傳統木構與庭院著稱，成為本地著名佛教寺院之一，其仿唐木構建築亦是本地建築史的重要一頁。

Chi Lin Nunnery was established in Diamond Hill, Wong Tai Sin, in 1934. According to its official history, lay Buddhists donated a villa which was converted into a retreat for Buddhist teaching and practice. The nunnery was later rebuilt as a complex in Tang dynasty timber style, known for its traditional wooden structures and courtyards. It has since become one of Hong Kong's better-known Buddhist monasteries, reflecting the role of lay supporters in the growth of local Buddhist institutions.

記憶錨點 志蓮淨苑由居士捐贈別墅闢作弘法道場，其後重建為仿唐木構建築群。

Founded from a donated villa as a Buddhist retreat, it was later rebuilt as a Tang-style timber complex.

來源 志蓮淨苑：志蓮簡史（志蓮淨苑）

religionhistory

1935-05-17 · 灣仔（跑馬地） · 日級（古物古蹟辦事處記東蓮覺苑1935年5月17日開幕，2017年列為法定古蹟）。

東蓮覺苑開幕，為香港島首間佛教寺院，由何東夫人張靜蓉創辦，2017年列為法定古蹟。

Tung Lin Kok Yuen opens on 17 May 1935, the first Buddhist temple on Hong Kong Island, founded by Madame Ho Tung and declared a monument in 2017.

背景 東蓮覺苑於1935年5月17日開幕，是香港島首間佛教寺院，由何東爵士夫人張靜蓉捐建。院址位於跑馬地山光道，早年兼辦女子義學，把弘法與教育並行。該苑至今仍是活躍的佛教弘法道場，並於2017年列為法定古蹟。寺院由私人捐建，反映戰前華人佛教團體在本地的發展。

Tung Lin Kok Yuen opened on 17 May 1935 as the first Buddhist temple on Hong Kong Island, built with funds donated by Lady Clara Ho Tung. On Shan Kwong Road in Happy Valley, it also ran a girls' school in its early years, combining Buddhist teaching with education. Its work in welfare and schooling was part of a wider pattern of religious bodies providing social services in the colony. It remains an active Buddhist institute today and was declared a monument in 2017.

記憶錨點 由何東爵士夫人張靜蓉捐建，座落跑馬地山光道，早年兼辦女子義學，至今仍是活躍的佛教弘法道場。

Built by Lady Clara Ho Tung on Shan Kwong Road, Happy Valley, it also ran a girls' school in its early years and remains an active Buddhist institute.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 座落於跑馬地的東蓮覺苑於當日正式開放使用，此建築乃由何東夫人何張蓮覺…（第 228 頁）

來源 古物古蹟辦事處：東蓮覺苑（古物古蹟辦事處）

religionhistory

1935-11-09 · 日級（金管局載港府於1935年11月9日宣布港元為本地貨幣單位，按1港元兌1先令3便士即16港元兌1英鎊與英鎊掛鉤，並依《貨幣條例》成立外匯基金）。

港府隨中國放棄銀本位，宣布港元與英鎊按16兌1匯率掛鉤，並依《貨幣條例》成立外匯基金支持紙幣發行。

Following China's abandonment of the silver standard, Hong Kong pegs the dollar to sterling at 16 to the pound and establishes the Exchange Fund under the Currency Ordinance to support note issue.

背景 1935年11月9日，港府宣布港元為本地貨幣單位，並隨中國放棄銀本位，將港元按1港元兌1先令3便士、即16港元兌1英鎊的匯率與英鎊掛鉤。港府同時依《貨幣條例》成立外匯基金，以支持紙幣發行。香港亦與英國同步放棄銀本位，市面銀幣逐步退出流通；外匯基金遂以白銀及英鎊資產作為發鈔後盾，是香港貨幣制度由銀本位轉向與英鎊聯繫的重要一步。

On 9 November 1935 the Hong Kong Government declared the Hong Kong dollar the local currency unit and, as China abandoned the silver standard, pegged it to sterling at one dollar to one shilling and threepence, or sixteen dollars to the pound. The government also set up the Exchange Fund under the Currency Ordinance to support note issue. Hong Kong joined Britain in leaving the silver standard, so silver coins were progressively withdrawn. Backed by silver and sterling assets, the fund marked a key shift from a silver standard to a sterling link.

記憶錨點 香港隨英國同步放棄銀本位，市面銀幣逐步退出流通，外匯基金以白銀及英鎊資產支持紙幣發行。

Hong Kong left the silver standard in step with Britain; silver coins were withdrawn and the Exchange Fund backed note issue with silver and sterling assets.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 11月9日中午12時起，行政局聯同港督修訂規例，規定除庫務司或其授權…（第 229 頁）、 1935年，港府頒布一條條例，訂明庫務司有權發行一元鈔票，該鈔票屬法…（第 229 頁）

來源 香港貨幣制度的興替（香港金融管理局）

financehistory

1936 · 荃灣（城門谷） · 年級（水務署記城門水塘1936年落成；古物評級檔記1935–37年間興建）。

城門水塘落成，為戰前香港規模最大的儲水工程之一。

Shing Mun (Jubilee) Reservoir completes, among the largest pre-war water storage works in Hong Kong.

背景 城門水塘於1936年落成，為戰前香港規模最大的儲水工程之一。水塘以下城門谷為址，於1935至1937年間分期建成，並以英皇喬治五世登基銀禧命名為「銀禧水塘」。其後為應付用水需求增長而擴建，成為九龍及新界一帶的重要水源，並見證香港戰前供水系統的擴展。

Shing Mun Reservoir was completed in 1936 and ranked among the largest water storage works in pre-war Hong Kong. Built in the Shing Mun valley between 1935 and 1937, it was named the Jubilee Reservoir to mark the silver jubilee of King George V. Later enlarged to meet rising demand, it became an important source of supply for Kowloon and the New Territories, reflecting the expansion of Hong Kong's water supply system before the war in a city whose population was growing steadily.

記憶錨點 水塘以下城門谷為址，1935至1937年間分期建成，並以英皇喬治五世登基銀禧命名為「銀禧水塘」。

Built in the Shing Mun valley between 1935 and 1937 and named the Jubilee Reservoir to mark George V's silver jubilee, it was later enlarged in the 1970s.

來源 水務里程及水務古蹟（水務署）

infrastructurewater

1936 · 大坑（灣仔區） · 年級（古物古蹟辦事處記虎豹別墅1936年落成，2009年列一級歷史建築）。

1936年胡文虎興建之大坑虎豹別墅落成，2009年列一級歷史建築。

The Haw Par Mansion in Tai Hang, built by Aw Boon-haw, is completed in 1936, graded a Grade I historic building in 2009.

背景 虎豹別墅位於大坑，由胡文虎於1936年建成，附設萬金油花園，原為一組私人住宅及園林建築。別墅於2009年獲列為一級歷史建築，該級別屬本地歷史建築評級中的最高級別；本地歷史建築評級用以識別具保存價值的建築。毗鄰的萬金油花園已於2004年拆卸，別墅則自2019年起獲活化，另作新用途。

The Haw Par Mansion in Tai Hang was built by Aw Boon-haw and completed in 1936, originally accompanied by the neighbouring Haw Par Gardens. In 2009 it was graded a Grade I historic building, the highest category in Hong Kong's grading system. The gardens were demolished in 2004, while the mansion itself has been activated for new uses from 2019. A Grade I grading reflects the building's architectural and historical importance, and the mansion remains a notable landmark in the district.

記憶錨點 附萬金油花園（2004年拆卸）；2019年起獲活化。

Noted for the neighbouring Haw Par Gardens (demolished 2004); activated for new uses from 2019.

來源 古物古蹟辦事處：虎豹別墅（一級歷史建築）（古物古蹟辦事處）

heritagehistory

1936-03-24 · 民航處記首班商業客運航班由檳城抵達，屬啟德公眾運輸服務之始。

首班商業客運航班飛抵啟德，香港機場進入公共運輸服務新紀元。

The first commercial passenger flight arrives at Kai Tak, opening a new era of scheduled air service.

背景 1936年3月24日，首班商業客運航班由檳城飛抵啟德，民航處視之為啟德公眾運輸服務之始。此後航空公司陸續開辦往來華南及東南亞的航線，啟德由飛行場地進一步成為定期航班進出的機場。定期客運服務的出現，配合了當時香港與區內各地的商貿及人員往來。

On 24 March 1936 the first commercial passenger flight arrived at Kai Tak from Penang, which the Civil Aviation Department regards as the beginning of public transport service there. Airlines subsequently opened routes across South China and Southeast Asia, and Kai Tak grew from a flying ground into an airport handling scheduled flights. The arrival of scheduled passenger service matched the era's commercial and personal travel between Hong Kong and the region.

記憶錨點 首班定期客運航班由檳城飛抵，其後航空公司陸續開辦往來華南及東南亞的航線。

The first scheduled passenger flight arrived from Penang, after which airlines opened routes across South China and Southeast Asia.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 英資帝國航空公司所屬、命名為「多拉多號」的一架客機，從檳城出發飛抵香…（第 231 頁）

來源 民航處：啟德機場 1925–1998（民航處）

historytransport

1937 · 薄扶林（瑪麗醫院） · 年級（醫管局官方記1937年成立，具體月日未核實）。

瑪麗醫院設立，為港島大型急症醫院，並成為香港大學之教學醫院。

Queen Mary Hospital is established as a major acute hospital on Hong Kong Island and the teaching hospital of the University of Hong Kong.

背景 瑪麗醫院於1937年設立，位於薄扶林，是港島的大型急症醫院。它同時成為香港大學的教學醫院，為醫科生提供臨床培訓。作為教學醫院，院方兼顧病人診治與醫學教育及研究。醫院在提供急症服務的同時，亦承擔醫學教學的職能。

Queen Mary Hospital was established in 1937 in Pok Fu Lam as a major acute hospital on Hong Kong Island. It also became the teaching hospital of the University of Hong Kong, providing clinical training for medical students. As a teaching hospital it combined patient care with medical education and research. Situated in Pok Fu Lam, it handles a wide range of emergency and specialist cases, and alongside its role in treating patients it serves as a centre where new generations of doctors are trained.

記憶錨點 瑪麗醫院位於薄扶林，是港島大型急症醫院，並為香港大學醫學院的教學醫院。

In Pok Fu Lam, Queen Mary Hospital is a major acute hospital on the Island and the teaching hospital of HKU's medical school.

來源 醫管局瑪麗醫院簡介（醫院管理局（瑪麗醫院））

historyhealthmedical

1937-01 · 官方（懲教署）只記到「1937年1月」級。

赤柱監獄（時稱香港監獄）開始運作，取代域多利監獄成為主力監獄。

Stanley Prison (then known as Hong Kong Prison) begins operation, replacing Victoria Prison as the main prison.

背景 赤柱監獄（時稱香港監獄）於1937年1月開始運作，取代域多利監獄成為主力監獄；官方資料只記到月份。監獄位於赤柱半島，除囚倉外亦有工場。二次大戰期間，監獄被日軍用作拘禁營，戰後恢復作為懲教設施，是香港懲教系統的重要一環。

Stanley Prison, then known as Hong Kong Prison, began operation in January 1937, replacing Victoria Prison as the main prison; official records give only the month and year. Located on the Stanley Peninsula, it contained workshops as well as cell blocks. During the Second World War it was used by the Japanese as an internment camp, and after the war it resumed service as a correctional facility, remaining a key part of Hong Kong's correctional system.

記憶錨點 監獄位於赤柱半島，除囚倉外亦有工場；二次大戰期間被日軍用作拘禁營。

Located on Stanley Peninsula, the prison included workshops and was used by the Japanese as an internment camp during the Second World War.

來源 懲教署歷史：早期（懲教署）

crimehistory

1937-07-07

七七事變爆發，中日戰爭全面展開，大量難民南下香港，人口急增。

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident marks the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War; large numbers of refugees flee south to Hong Kong, causing rapid population growth.

背景 1937年7月7日，七七事變爆發，中日戰爭全面展開。事變後中日全面開戰，大量內地難民南下香港，令香港人口急增。呢次人口流入為香港帶來勞動力，同時亦加重住屋同社會服務嘅壓力，係香港其後數年社會狀況變化嘅重要背景。難民遷入之後，香港嘅人口規模同社會組成都有明顯改變。

On 7 July 1937 the Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out, and the Second Sino-Japanese War began in full. After the incident, large numbers of refugees from the mainland moved south to Hong Kong, causing the population to rise sharply. This influx brought labour as well as pressure on housing and social services, and it forms an important background to changes in Hong Kong's social conditions over the following years. Population growth also added to demand for housing and public services.

記憶錨點 事變後中日全面開戰，大量內地難民南下香港，令香港人口急增。

After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident full-scale war began, and many mainland refugees moved south, swelling Hong Kong's population.

來源 政府檔案處：「山河不屈，忠魂不朽：紀念抗戰勝利80周年」網上展覽（香港特別行政區政府政府檔案處）

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