香港大事記 · 1940 年代

1940 · 港島（銅鑼灣） · 年級（維他奶官方網站記1940年創立，未載單日）。

維他奶由羅桂祥博士於1940年創立香港荳品公司，推出首支即飲豆奶「維他奶」。

Vitasoy is established in 1940 by Dr. K. S. Lo through The Hong Kong Soya Bean Products Company, launching VITASOY, its first ready-to-drink soymilk.

背景 1940年，羅桂祥博士創立香港荳品公司，在銅鑼灣推出首支即飲豆奶「維他奶」。當時香港社會普遍貧困，牛奶價格高昂、一般市民難以負擔，豆奶因以大豆為原料、成本較低而被稱為「窮人嘅牛奶」，為大眾提供較廉宜的蛋白質來源。維他奶後來發展為本地經典的非酒精飲料品牌，其誕生亦反映戰前後香港食品工業的起步。

In 1940 Dr. K. S. Lo established The Hong Kong Soya Bean Products Company and launched VITASOY, its first ready-to-drink soymilk, in Causeway Bay. Hong Kong society was then largely poor and milk was expensive and beyond the reach of many ordinary people, so soymilk made from lower-cost soybeans earned the name "poor man's milk" and offered an affordable source of protein. Vitasoy went on to become an iconic local non-alcoholic beverage brand, and its beginnings reflect the early development of Hong Kong's food industry around the war years.

記憶錨點 於銅鑼灣開舖，推出被稱為「窮人嘅牛奶」的維他奶，為本地經典非酒精飲料品牌。

Launched in Causeway Bay as the "poor man's milk", Vitasoy became an iconic Hong Kong beverage brand.

來源 維他奶官方網站：Our Roots（維他奶國際集團）

culturefoodwan-chai

1941-12-08

日軍進攻香港，香港保衛戰爆發。18日後英軍投降，香港進入三年零八個月嘅日佔時期。

Japanese forces attack Hong Kong, beginning the Battle of Hong Kong. British forces surrender 18 days later, and Hong Kong enters three years and eight months of Japanese occupation.

背景 1941年12月8日，日軍進攻香港，香港保衛戰爆發。守軍包括英、印、加及本地義勇軍，戰事主要在新界、醉酒灣防線及港島展開。18日後英軍投降，香港進入三年零八個月嘅日佔時期。呢場戰事係香港由英治時期轉入日佔歲月嘅開端，戰事歷時十八日，守軍喺新界、醉酒灣防線同港島節節抵抗。

On 8 December 1941 Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong and the Battle of Hong Kong began. The defenders included British, Indian, Canadian and local volunteer troops, and the fighting took place mainly in the New Territories, at the Gin Drinkers Line and on the Island. Eighteen days later the British forces surrendered, and Hong Kong entered three years and eight months of Japanese occupation. The battle marked the start of Hong Kong's passage from British rule into the occupation years.

記憶錨點 守軍包括英、印、加及本地義勇軍，戰事主要在新界、醉酒灣防線及港島展開。

The defenders included British, Indian, Canadian and local volunteer troops, fighting in the New Territories, at the Gin Drinkers Line and on the Island.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 1941年12月8日，廣東人民抗日遊擊隊第三大隊與第五大隊各自調遣武…（第 242 頁）、 1941年12月8日，日軍採取同步攻勢，迅速在深圳河上架設浮橋越過邊…（第 242 頁）、 1941年12月8日，日軍進攻香港，天文台職員希活與史他白到凹頭站拆…（第 208 頁）、 1941年12月8日，日軍跨越邊界，隨後分為東、西兩路向南推進。（第 242 頁）、 1941年12月8日，上午8時，日軍對香港展開攻擊，出動36架戰鬥機…（第 243 頁） 另有 4 條，見 該年志錄

來源 政府檔案處：「山河不屈，忠魂不朽：紀念抗戰勝利80周年」網上展覽（香港特別行政區政府政府檔案處）

historygovernment-order

1941-12-25

香港總督楊慕琦向日軍投降，香港正式淪陷，被稱為「黑色聖誕」。

Governor Mark Young surrenders to Japanese forces, and Hong Kong falls — a date remembered as "Black Christmas".

背景 1941年12月25日，香港總督楊慕琦向日軍投降，香港正式淪陷，被稱為「黑色聖誕」。楊慕琦被俘後被押往戰俘營，日佔政府其後由磯谷廉介出任總督。呢一日標誌香港保衛戰嘅結束，亦係三年零八個月日佔時期嘅開始。香港淪陷之後，市民生活、經濟同管治都由日軍控制，直至1945年重光。

On 25 December 1941 Governor Mark Young surrendered to Japanese forces and Hong Kong formally fell, a date remembered as 'Black Christmas'. After the surrender Young was taken prisoner and held in a prisoner-of-war camp, and the occupation government was later headed by Governor Isogai Rensuke. With the surrender, British colonial government came to an end and Hong Kong passed under Japanese rule. The date marked the end of the Battle of Hong Kong and the beginning of three years and eight months of occupation.

記憶錨點 楊慕琦被俘後被押往戰俘營，日佔政府其後由磯谷廉介出任總督。

After surrender Yeung was taken prisoner; the occupation government was later headed by Governor Isogai Rensuke.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 1941年12月25日，香港總督楊慕琦宣佈向日本投降，此後香港由日方…（第 47 頁）、 1941年12月25日開始，日佔前備存的登記冊被認定無法尋回。（第 196 頁）、 1941年12月25日日軍佔領香港之前，邊界並無管制，因此無法準確計…（第 422 頁）、 1941年12月25日天剛亮，日軍奪取赤柱聖士提反書院這個臨時醫療場…（第 243 頁）、 1941年12月25日香港淪陷，日軍「氣象班」隨後進駐香港天文台。（第 251 頁） 另有 3 條，見 該年志錄

來源 政府檔案處：「山河不屈，忠魂不朽：紀念抗戰勝利80周年」網上展覽（香港特別行政區政府政府檔案處）

historygovernment-order

1942 · 寶雲道（灣仔區） · 年級（路政署《行人天橋及行人隧道》記寶雲道行人天橋於1942年建成，為政府記錄中最舊行人天橋）。

1942年沿山坡興建嘅寶雲道行人天橋建成，為本港歷史最悠久嘅行人天橋。

The Bowen Road footbridge, completed in 1942, is the oldest recorded footbridge in Hong Kong.

背景 寶雲道行人天橋沿山坡以磚石構築，於1942年建成，是政府記錄中本港歷史最悠久的行人天橋。天橋橫跨山谷，連接灣仔一帶與山區，方便居民往來。這類依山而建的行人設施，反映戰前香港在陡峭地形上開闢通道的工程方式。行人天橋與行人隧道是香港常見的過路設施，部分同時為行人遮陰擋雨。

The Bowen Road footbridge was completed in 1942, built in masonry along the hillside above Wan Chai. According to the Highways Department, it is the oldest recorded pedestrian footbridge in Hong Kong. The bridge spans a valley to connect the Wan Chai area with the mid-levels, allowing residents to cross steep terrain on foot. Such hillside pedestrian structures show how pre-war Hong Kong engineers opened routes across the city's rugged landscape, and a growing population depended on such crossings. Footbridges and pedestrian tunnels remain common ways of moving around the city.

記憶錨點 全港最舊行人天橋，以磚石構築，沿寶雲道山坡而建，連接灣仔與山區。

The city's oldest footbridge, built in masonry along the Bowen Road hillside.

來源 路政署：行人天橋及行人隧道（路政署）

heritagetransportfootbridge

1944 · 年級（1944年盟軍空襲香港）。

盟軍多次空襲香港，打擊日軍設施，造成損失。

Allied forces launch multiple air raids on Hong Kong, targeting Japanese facilities and causing damage.

背景 一九四一年日軍佔領香港，香港進入三年零八個月的淪陷時期。至一九四四年，盟軍多次空襲香港，打擊日軍的設施，包括港口及機場，並對香港造成破壞。空襲反映戰局逆轉、盟軍逐步取得制空權；香港亦因此承受戰爭的直接破壞，民生與市面進一步受挫。

In 1941 Japanese forces occupied Hong Kong, beginning three years and eight months of occupation. By 1944 Allied forces mounted repeated air raids on Hong Kong, targeting Japanese facilities such as the harbour and airfield and causing damage to the city. The raids reflected a turning of the tide as the Allies gained air superiority, and they meant Hong Kong suffered direct wartime destruction, deepening hardship for residents. They formed part of the wider Allied campaign across the region in the closing phase of the war.

記憶錨點 盟軍多次空襲香港的日軍設施，包括港口及機場，對香港造成破壞。

Allied air raids repeatedly struck Japanese installations in Hong Kong, including the harbour and airfield.

來源 《香港年報2021》第二十二章：歷史（香港特別行政區政府）

historygovernment

1945-08-30

英國皇家海軍夏慤少將率軍抵港，香港重光，結束三年零八個月嘅日佔時期。

Rear Admiral Cecil Harcourt of the Royal Navy arrives in Hong Kong, marking the liberation of Hong Kong and the end of three years and eight months of Japanese occupation.

背景 1945年8月30日，英國皇家海軍夏慤少將率軍抵港，香港重光，結束三年零八個月嘅日佔時期。夏慤少將率皇家海軍抵港，接受日軍投降並成立軍政府，直至1946年恢復文官政府。軍政府喺重光初期負責恢復秩序同基本管治，係香港戰後重建嘅第一步。重光之後，香港逐步恢復管治同重建社會，軍政府嘅安排為此提供咗過渡。

On 30 August 1945 Rear Admiral Cecil Harcourt of the Royal Navy arrived in Hong Kong, marking the liberation of Hong Kong and the end of three years and eight months of Japanese occupation. He arrived with the Royal Navy to accept the Japanese surrender and to set up a military administration, which ran until civil government resumed in 1946. In the early period after the liberation the military administration was responsible for restoring order and basic governance, the first step in Hong Kong's post-war reconstruction.

記憶錨點 夏慤少將率皇家海軍抵港，接受日軍投降並成立軍政府，直至1946年恢復文官政府。

Admiral Harcourt arrived with the Royal Navy to accept the Japanese surrender and set up a military administration until civil government resumed in 1946.

來源 《香港年報2021》第二十二章：歷史（香港特別行政區政府）

historygovernment-order

1945-09-16

日軍喺香港正式簽署投降書，香港軍政府成立，夏慤少將出任軍政府首長。

Japanese forces formally sign the surrender document in Hong Kong; a military administration is established with Rear Admiral Harcourt as its head.

背景 1945年9月16日，日軍喺香港正式簽署投降書，香港軍政府成立，夏慤少將出任軍政府首長。簽署儀式在港督府舉行，標誌香港日佔時期正式結束，軍政府隨即成立。呢個程序係香港由日佔過渡到戰後管治嘅正式一步，軍政府其後主理香港事務，直至恢復文官政府。

On 16 September 1945 Japanese forces formally signed the surrender document in Hong Kong, a military administration was established, and Rear Admiral Harcourt became its head. The instrument of surrender was signed at Government House, formally ending the occupation, and the military administration was set up immediately afterwards. This procedure was the formal step by which Hong Kong moved from occupation to post-war government, and the military administration then handled Hong Kong's affairs until civil government resumed. The surrender signing was the formal act that brought the occupation to a close and returned the territory to British administration.

記憶錨點 簽署儀式在港督府舉行，標誌香港日佔時期正式結束，軍政府隨即成立。

The instrument of surrender was signed at Government House, formally ending the occupation, and a military administration was set up.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 1945年9月16日，港督府舉行在港日軍投降儀式。簽署投降書者為日本…（第 257 頁）、 1945年9月16日，日方於香港進行投降簽署典禮，英國再度佔領該地，…（第 47 頁）

來源 政府檔案處：「山河不屈，忠魂不朽：紀念抗戰勝利80周年」網上展覽（香港特別行政區政府政府檔案處）

historygovernment-order

1946 · 年級（1946年勞工處成為獨立部門）。

勞工處成為獨立部門，負責勞工事務。

The Labour Department becomes an independent department, responsible for labour affairs.

背景 1946年，勞工處成為獨立部門，負責勞工事務。獨立之後，勞工處負責勞工事務，包括就業服務同勞工法例嘅執行。呢個安排令勞工事務由一個專責部門處理。勞工處嘅工作涵蓋就業服務、勞資關係、職業安全同勞工法例嘅執行，隨住戰後香港工業發展，勞工處亦逐步擴大其服務範圍。

In 1946, the Labour Department became an independent department responsible for labour affairs. Once separate, it handled labour matters including employment services and the enforcement of labour legislation. The arrangement placed labour affairs under a dedicated department. Its work covers employment services, labour relations, occupational safety and the enforcement of labour law. As postwar Hong Kong's industry grew, the department gradually expanded the range of services it provided. It gave workers and employers a single office to approach on labour matters.

記憶錨點 勞工處成為獨立部門後，負責勞工事務，包括就業服務及勞工法例執行。

Becoming a separate department, the Labour Department handles employment services and enforcement of labour law.

來源 勞工顧問委員會報告（2005）（勞工處）

historylabour

1946-05-01

民航處成立，專責管理香港的航空服務。

The Civil Aviation Department is established to oversee Hong Kong’s aviation services.

背景 民航處在1946年5月1日成立，專責管理香港的航空服務。第二次世界大戰結束後，機場一度由軍政府管理，民航處的成立標誌着航空事務由軍方移交文職機關，啟德機場的航空交通管制自此由文職部門負責。這一制度安排為戰後香港民航的發展提供了行政基礎。

The Civil Aviation Department was established on 1 May 1946 to oversee Hong Kong's aviation services. After the end of the Second World War the airport was briefly under military administration; the department's creation marked the handover of aviation matters from military to civil control, and Kai Tak's air traffic control passed to a civilian body. This arrangement provided the administrative basis for the growth of civil aviation in postwar Hong Kong.

記憶錨點 戰後民航處由軍政府移交文職部門，啟德機場的航空交通管制自此由文職機關負責。

After the war the department passed from military to civil control, and Kai Tak's air traffic was run by a civilian body.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 1946年5月1日，夏慤以軍政府首長身分宣告管治結束；楊慕琦於港督府…（第 259 頁）、 1946年5月1日起，天文台職員重返總部大樓執行公務，同時逐階段接收…（第 365 頁）

來源 民航處：啟德機場 1925–1998（民航處）

historygovernment

1946-05-01

立法局復會，戰後恢復正常運作。

The Legislative Council resumes meetings, returning to normal operation after the war.

背景 立法局在1946年5月復會，恢復正常的立法運作。香港在日佔時期由日本管治，淪陷結束後先由英國軍政府接管，其後逐步交回文官政府。立法局復會是這一過渡的制度標誌之一，意味着本地立法工作重新展開，殖民地政府恢復以立法程序處理施政。

The Legislative Council resumed meetings in May 1946, restoring normal law-making. During the Japanese occupation Hong Kong was governed by Japan; after the occupation ended, a British military administration took over before civil government was progressively restored. The council's resumption was one of the institutional markers of that transition, meaning that local legislative work began again and the colonial government returned to handling its business through legislative procedures. With the council sitting once more, much of the territory's pre-war machinery of government was back in place.

記憶錨點 戰後立法局復會，恢復正常立法運作，香港由軍政府過渡回文官政府。

The Legislative Council resumed after the war, restoring normal law-making as Hong Kong moved from military to civil government.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 1946年5月1日，夏慤以軍政府首長身分宣告管治結束；楊慕琦於港督府…（第 259 頁）、 1946年5月1日起，天文台職員重返總部大樓執行公務，同時逐階段接收…（第 365 頁）

來源 立法會歷史發展時間線（香港特別行政區立法會）

historygovernment

1948 · 年級（1948年前後國共內戰期間大量難民湧入香港）。

國共內戰期間大量中國難民湧入香港，人口由戰後約60萬急增至超過180萬。

During the Chinese Civil War, large numbers of refugees arrive in Hong Kong, pushing the population from about 600,000 after the war to over 1.8 million.

背景 1948年前後正值國共內戰期間，大量中國難民湧入香港，人口由戰後約60萬急增至超過180萬。大批難民聚居於山坡寮屋，催生日後嘅寮屋區及公共房屋政策。呢次人口急增令香港嘅住屋同社會設施承受巨大壓力，亦為日後公共房屋政策埋下伏線。事件屬年份級記錄。

Around 1948, during the Chinese Civil War, large numbers of refugees from China arrived in Hong Kong, and the population rose from about 600,000 after the war to over 1.8 million. Many refugees settled in squatter areas on hillsides, giving rise to squatter settlements and, later, public housing policy. This rapid increase placed heavy pressure on housing and social facilities in the territory, and it laid the ground for the public housing policies that followed. The date is recorded at year level.

記憶錨點 大批難民聚居於山坡寮屋，催生日後的寮屋區及公共房屋政策。

Many refugees settled in hillside squatter areas, giving rise to squatter settlements and later public housing policy.

來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事）（香港地方志中心）

historypopulation