香港大事記 · 1860 年代

1860 · 中西區（般咸道） · 年級（拔萃女書院官方記1860年創辦「曰字樓女館」，為女校前身）。

拔萃女書院前身「曰字樓女館」成立，開本地女子教育先河，後遷九龍現址。

The precursor of Diocesan Girls' School, the "Yuet Zee Lau girls" institute, is founded in 1860, pioneering girls' education.

背景 拔萃女書院的前身「曰字樓女館」於1860年成立，由傳教士創辦，開本地女子教育先河。在十九世紀，女子入學並不普遍，教會辦學成為女性接受正規教育的少數途徑之一。書院其後遷往九龍佐敦，現為直資英文中學。其創辦年份以校方《學校概覽》所記為據。

The precursor of Diocesan Girls' School, the "Yuet Zee Lau" girls' institute, was founded by missionaries in 1860 and pioneered girls' education in Hong Kong. In the nineteenth century, schooling for girls was far from common, and church-run schools were among the few routes to a formal education for women. Its establishment reflects the wider role of missionaries in the colony's early education. The school later moved to Jordan in Kowloon and is now a direct-subsidy English-medium school, and its founding year follows the school's own published overview.

記憶錨點 前身「曰字樓女館」由傳教士創辦，後遷至九龍佐敦，現為直資英文中學。

Its forerunner, founded by missionaries, later moved to Jordan in Kowloon and is now a direct-subsidy English-medium school.

來源 拔萃女書院：學校概覽（拔萃女書院）

educationhistory

1860-10-24

《北京條約》簽訂，將九龍半島界限街以南土地割讓畀英國。

The Convention of Peking is signed, ceding the Kowloon Peninsula south of Boundary Street to Britain.

背景 《北京條約》在英法聯軍攻入北京之後簽訂，除咗割讓九龍半島界限街以南土地畀英國，亦增開天津為商埠。香港嘅轄區由此由香港島延伸至九龍，九龍半島南端成為英治香港嘅一部分。呢次割讓係香港領土擴展嘅一個中間階段，喺割讓香港島之後、取得新界之前。

The Convention of Peking was signed after Anglo-French forces occupied Beijing. Besides ceding the Kowloon Peninsula south of Boundary Street to Britain, it also opened Tianjin as an additional treaty port. Hong Kong's jurisdiction was thereby extended from Hong Kong Island to Kowloon, and the southern tip of the peninsula became part of British-ruled Hong Kong. The cession was an intermediate stage in the territory's expansion, coming after the cession of Hong Kong Island and before the later acquisition of the New Territories.

記憶錨點 條約在英法聯軍攻入北京後簽訂，除割讓九龍半島南端，亦增開天津為商埠，香港轄區自此延伸至九龍。

Signed after Anglo-French forces occupied Beijing, it ceded the southern Kowloon peninsula and added Tianjin as a treaty port, extending Hong Kong's territory to Kowloon.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 《北京條約》於1860年10月24日由清朝政府與英國簽訂，英方因此獲…（第 56 頁）、 1860年10月24日，中方與英方簽署《北京條約》，該約第六款訂明，…（第 53 頁）、 1860年10月24日，中英兩國在北京簽訂《北京條約》，其第六款規定…（第 147 頁）

來源 《香港年報2021》第二十二章：歷史（香港特別行政區政府）

historygeography

1861 · 年級（1861年英國正式接收九龍半島）。

英國正式接收九龍半島界限街以南土地，香港轄區擴展至九龍。

Britain formally takes possession of the Kowloon Peninsula south of Boundary Street, extending Hong Kong's territory to Kowloon.

背景 1861年，英國正式接收九龍半島界限街以南嘅土地，香港轄區擴展至九龍。呢次接收源於1860年《北京條約》，港府其後以界限街為界，並陸續開闢油麻地、旺角一帶。九龍嘅納入令香港嘅土地同人口增加，並為日後市區向九龍方向擴展奠定基礎。呢次係香港開埠以來首次大幅擴展土地範圍。

In 1861, Britain formally took possession of the Kowloon Peninsula south of Boundary Street, extending Hong Kong's territory to Kowloon. The handover followed the 1860 Convention of Peking; the boundary was drawn along Boundary Street, and the area around Yau Ma Tei and Mong Kok was progressively opened up. The addition of Kowloon increased Hong Kong's land and population, and it laid the basis for the later expansion of the urban area into Kowloon. This was the first major enlargement of the territory since Hong Kong was founded.

記憶錨點 接收源於1860年《北京條約》，港府其後以界限街為界，並陸續開闢油麻地、旺角一帶。

The handover followed the 1860 Convention of Peking; the boundary was drawn along Boundary Street and the new territory was progressively opened up around Yau Ma Tei and Mong Kok.

來源 《香港年報2021》第二十二章：歷史（香港特別行政區政府）

historygeography

1862 · 中西區（中環歌賦街／荷李活道） · 年級（古物古蹟辦事處記中央書院1862年創辦，為香港第一所官辦西式學校）。

中央書院創辦，為香港第一所由政府開辦、向華人提供西式教育的學校，後改名皇仁書院。

The Central School is founded in 1862 as the first government school offering Western education to Chinese, later becoming Queen's College.

背景 中央書院創辦於1862年，是香港第一所由政府開辦、向華人提供西式教育的學校。書院最初設於中環歌賦街，首任校長為史釗域博士，其後遷往荷李活道。孫中山1884年曾入讀該校，書院並於1894年易名皇仁書院。作為官辦學校，它為殖民地的官方教育樹立了模式，創辦年份以古物古蹟辦事處所記為據。

The Central School was founded in 1862 as the first government school in Hong Kong to offer Western education to Chinese pupils. It opened on Gough Street under its first headmaster, Dr Frederick Stewart, and later moved to Hollywood Road. Sun Yat-sen attended the school in 1884, and in 1894 it was renamed Queen's College. As a government institution, it set a model for official schooling in the colony, and its founding year is recorded by the Antiquities and Monuments Office.

記憶錨點 書院1862年在中環歌賦街開辦，首任校長為史釗域博士；孫中山1884年曾入讀，校址其後遷往荷李活道，1894年易名皇仁書院。

Opened on Gough Street in 1862 under its first headmaster Dr Frederick Stewart, it was attended by Sun Yat-sen in 1884 and, after moving to Hollywood Road, was renamed Queen’s College in 1894.

來源 古物古蹟辦事處：中央書院（前皇仁書院遺址）（古物古蹟辦事處）

educationhistory

1862-06 · 中環（中西區） · 月級（中華煤氣官方歷史記1862年6月成立）。

1862年6月香港中華煤氣公司成立，為香港歷史最悠久公用事業之一。

The Hong Kong & China Gas Co. is established in June 1862, one of Hong Kong's oldest utilities.

背景 1862年6月，香港中華煤氣公司成立，是香港歷史最悠久的公用事業之一。公司於1864年12月起向中環供氣點燈，是香港最早引入管道煤氣的公司。煤氣最初主要用於街道與建築照明，其後隨城市發展逐步擴展至工商及住宅用途，為本地能源供應奠定早期基礎。煤氣公司官方歷史只記到1862年6月，未記具體日子。

The Hong Kong and China Gas Company was established in June 1862, making it one of Hong Kong's oldest utilities. It began supplying gas to light Central in December 1864, becoming the first company in the city to introduce piped gas. Gas was initially used mainly for street and building lighting and later extended to industrial, commercial and domestic purposes as the city grew, laying early groundwork for Hong Kong's energy supply system and remaining a core utility to this day. The company's official history records only June 1862.

記憶錨點 1864年12月開始向中環供氣點燈；為香港最早引入管道煤氣的公司。

It began supplying gas to light Central from December 1864.

來源 香港中華煤氣有限公司：《公司歷史》（香港中華煤氣有限公司）

utilitieshistory

1863 · 官方只記到「1863年」級，具體月日未能核實。

港府宣布銀元為法定貨幣，確立銀本位制。

The Hong Kong Government declares the silver dollar legal tender, establishing a silver standard.

背景 1863年，港府宣布銀元為法定貨幣，確立銀本位制。在此之前，市面流通的主要是墨西哥鷹洋、西班牙銀圓等外幣，交易結算缺乏統一標準；港府改以銀元作為法定記帳單位，令本地貨幣制度有了共同基準。此舉為日後統一「港元」貨幣奠下基礎。官方只記到「1863年」級，具體月日未能核實。

In 1863 the Hong Kong Government declared the silver dollar legal tender, establishing a silver standard. Until then, Mexican, Spanish and other foreign silver dollars largely circulated in the market, leaving no common unit for settlement; adopting the silver dollar as the legal unit of account gave the local currency system a shared benchmark. This step laid the groundwork for a unified Hong Kong dollar. The official record specifies only the year 1863, without a verifiable month or day.

記憶錨點 此前市面流通墨西哥鷹洋、西班牙銀圓等外幣，港府以銀元作為法定記帳單位，為日後統一「港元」貨幣奠定基礎。

Before this, Mexican and Spanish silver dollars circulated locally; making the silver dollar the legal unit of account paved the way for a unified Hong Kong dollar.

來源 貨幣政策改革的里程（香港金融管理局）

financehistory

1863 · 年級（金管局記載香港首批本地硬幣（一應、一仙、十仙）於1863年在英國鑄造面世）。

香港首次發行印有君主肖像的本地硬幣，面額為一應、一仙及十仙，於英國皇家鑄幣廠鑄造。

Hong Kong issues its first regal coins (denominations of one mil, one cent and ten cents), struck at the Royal Mint in London.

背景 1863年，香港首次發行印有君主肖像的本地硬幣，面額為一仙、十仙及一應，全部在英國皇家鑄幣廠鑄造。硬幣正面為維多利亞女王肖像，屬香港最早的本地面值輔幣。惟當時本地日常交易仍以墨西哥銀圓等外幣為主，這批硬幣的角色相對有限。金管局按年級記載其面世年份，具體月日未能核實。

In 1863 Hong Kong issued its first local coins bearing a reigning monarch's portrait, in denominations of one cent, ten cents and one mil, all struck at the Royal Mint in London. The obverse carried Queen Victoria's portrait, making them the territory's earliest local small-denomination coins. Yet everyday trade still ran largely on foreign silver such as Mexican dollars, so the coins played a relatively limited role. The HKMA records only the year of issue, without a verifiable month or day.

記憶錨點 硬幣由英國皇家鑄幣廠代鑄，正面為維多利亞女王肖像，惟本地日常交易仍以墨西哥銀圓為主。

Struck at the Royal Mint with Queen Victoria's portrait on the obverse, though Mexican dollars still dominated everyday trade.

來源 香港硬幣的歷史和演變（香港金融管理局）

financehistory

1863 · 官方只記到「1863年」級（薄扶林水塘1860年動工、1863年建成投產）。

薄扶林水塘建成，成為香港首個公共水塘，為殖民初期城市供水。

Pok Fu Lam Reservoir is completed as Hong Kong’s first public reservoir, supplying the infant city.

背景 薄扶林水塘於1863年建成，成為香港首個公共水塘。官方資料只記到年份：水塘於1860年動工、1863年建成投產。首期蓄水量僅約200萬加侖，初期只夠供應若干日用水，其後屢次擴建。它是香港供應食水的開端，其後水務設施逐步擴展，支撐殖民初期城市的發展。

Pok Fu Lam Reservoir was completed in 1863 as Hong Kong's first public reservoir. Official records give only the year: construction began in 1860 and the reservoir was completed and put into service in 1863. Its first phase held only about 2 million gallons, initially enough for a few days' supply, and repeated expansions followed. It marked the beginning of Hong Kong's water supply, with later works gradually extended to support the young city's growth.

記憶錨點 首期蓄水僅約200萬加侖，初期只夠供應若干日用水，其後屢次擴建；是香港供應食水的開端。

The first phase held only about 2 million gallons, initially enough for a few days’ supply; repeated expansions followed.

來源 水務里程及水務古蹟（水務署）

historyutilitiesgeography

1863 · 紅磡（九龍城區）

香港黃埔船塢公司在紅磡鶴園開業，是香港早期大型船塢。

The Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Company opens at Hok Yuen, Hung Hom, an early major dockyard.

背景 香港黃埔船塢公司1863年在紅磡鶴園開業，是香港開埠初期最重要的修造船設施之一。船塢其後發展成亞洲規模最大的船塢之一，二戰期間曾遭盟軍轟炸。戰後船塢業務逐步遷往青衣，紅磡原址則分期改建成黃埔新邨、紅磡灣中心及黃埔花園，由工業區轉為住宅區。

The Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Company opened at Hok Yuen in Hung Hom in 1863, becoming one of the colony's earliest major ship-repair and shipbuilding works. It grew into one of the largest dockyards in Asia and was bombed by Allied forces during the Second World War. After the war the yard's operations gradually moved to Tsing Yi, while the Hung Hom site was redeveloped in stages into Whampoa Estate, Hunghom Bay Centre and Whampoa Garden, turning an industrial area into housing.

記憶錨點 黃埔船塢曾是亞洲最大的船塢之一，二戰時遭盟軍轟炸；船塢其後遷往青衣，紅磡原址陸續建成黃埔新邨、紅磡灣中心及黃埔花園。

One of the largest dockyards in Asia, it was bombed by Allied forces in the war; the yard later moved to Tsing Yi and the Hung Hom site was redeveloped into Whampoa Estate, Hunghom Bay Centre and Whampoa Garden.

來源 古物古蹟辦事處發跡香港

industryhistory

1863 · 大坑（灣仔區） · 年級（古物古蹟辦事處記大坑蓮花宮1863年重建今貌，原廟初建於1846年）。

1863年大坑蓮花宮重建今貌供奉觀音，2014年列法定古蹟。

The Lin Fa Temple in Tai Hang is rebuilt to its current form in 1863, declared a monument in 2014.

背景 大坑蓮花宮於1863年重建為今貌，供奉觀音，2014年列為法定古蹟。原廟初建於1846年，現存建築設八角形前殿，正殿坐於岩石之上。該廟與大坑舞火龍關係密切，而舞火龍已於2011年列入國家級非物質文化遺產。該廟位處大坑，與社區傳統關係緊密。年份以古物古蹟辦事處所記為據。

The Lin Fa Temple in Tai Hang was rebuilt to its present form in 1863 and is dedicated to Guanyin; it was declared a monument in 2014. The original temple was first built in 1846, and the surviving building has an octagonal front hall and a main hall set over a rock. The temple is closely tied to the Tai Hang fire dragon dance, which was added to the national list of intangible cultural heritage in 2011. Its date is recorded by the Antiquities and Monuments Office.

記憶錨點 建築獨特（重檐攢尖頂八角前殿、正殿坐於岩石之上），與大坑舞火龍關係密切，2011年列入國家級非遺。

Featuring an octagonal front hall and a rear hall built over a rock, closely tied to the Tai Hang fire dragon dance (national intangible heritage since 2011).

來源 古物古蹟辦事處：大坑蓮花宮（法定古蹟）（古物古蹟辦事處）

religionheritagehistory

1864 · 中環（中西區）

中區警署、裁判司署及域多利監獄三組建築正式同時座落於現址，合稱「中區警署建築群」。

The Central Police Station, Magistracy and Victoria Prison are formally established together on the present site, forming the Central Police Station compound.

背景 中區警署、裁判司署及域多利監獄於1864年正式同時座落於現址，合稱「中區警署建築群」。這組建築把執法、審判與監禁集中於同一地段，反映殖民政府在中環建立管治核心的安排。其中的域多利監獄於1995年列為法定古蹟，建築群經活化後於2018年以「大館」之名開放。

The Central Police Station, Magistracy and Victoria Prison were formally established together on the present site in 1864, forming the Central Police Station compound. Bringing policing, adjudication and imprisonment into one block, the group of buildings reflected the colonial government's arrangement of a governing core in Central. Victoria Prison was declared a monument in 1995, and after revitalisation the compound reopened in 2018 under the name Tai Kwun, opening the historic site to the public.

記憶錨點 建築群由中區警署、前中央裁判司署及域多利監獄組成，其中監獄1995年列為法定古蹟；活化後於2018年以「大館」之名開放。

Comprising the Central Police Station, the former Magistracy and Victoria Prison — the prison declared a monument in 1995 — the compound reopened as Tai Kwun in 2018 after revitalisation.

來源 發展局文物保育通訊

heritagearchitecture

1865-03-03 · 中環（香港上海滙豐銀行） · 日級（滙豐官方歷史記1865年3月3日於香港成立）。

香港上海滙豐銀行在香港成立，為日後香港最大的註冊銀行及發鈔銀行。

The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation is founded in Hong Kong, later the city's largest note-issuing bank.

背景 香港上海滙豐銀行1865年3月3日在香港成立，日後成為香港最大的註冊銀行及發鈔銀行。滙豐與渣打長期主導香港的發鈔業務。1865年成立時，其總行之一設於香港，反映香港在區域貿易金融中的地位，也是亞洲銀行業的重要據點，其成立與當時中英貿易的需求密切相關。

Banking expanded in Hong Kong as trade with China grew in the nineteenth century. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation was founded in Hong Kong on 3 March 1865 and later grew into the city's largest registered bank and a major note-issuing bank. HSBC and Standard Chartered have long dominated the issuing of banknotes in Hong Kong. One of its original head offices was established in Hong Kong in 1865, reflecting the city's position in regional trade and finance and its role as a base for banking in Asia.

記憶錨點 滙豐與渣打長期主導香港發鈔業務，1865年成立總行之一設於香港。

HSBC and Standard Chartered have long dominated note issue in Hong Kong; one of the original head offices in 1865 was in Hong Kong.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 英資於1865年3月3日成立香港上海滙豐銀行，總行設在皇后大道中1號…（第 152 頁）

來源 滙豐銀行香港歷史

financehistoryeconomy

1866 · 年級（金管局記載香港鑄錢局1866年啟用，生產五仙至一元的本地銀幣，約兩年後關閉）。

香港鑄錢局在銅鑼灣糖街啟用，首次在本地鑄造五仙至一元的香港銀幣，惟因生產與流通困難約兩年後關閉。

The Hong Kong Mint opens at Sugar Street in Causeway Bay, minting local silver coins from five cents to one dollar, but closes about two years later amid production and circulation difficulties.

背景 1866年，香港鑄錢局在銅鑼灣糖街啟用，首次在本地鑄造五仙至一元的香港銀幣。惟鑄錢局因白銀外流、營運成本高企而難以為繼，約兩年後即告關閉，本地鑄幣未能長期維持。此後香港的硬幣多改由外地代鑄，反映出當時殖民地貨幣體系仍受白銀流向與成本所制約。金管局按年級記載其啟用，具體月日未能核實。

In 1866 the Hong Kong Mint opened at Sugar Street in Causeway Bay, striking local silver coins from five cents to one dollar for the first time. Unable to sustain itself amid silver outflow and high running costs, it closed about two years later, and local minting could not be maintained for long. Afterwards Hong Kong's coins were mostly struck abroad, reflecting how the colonial currency system remained constrained by silver flows and cost. The HKMA records the opening only by year, without a verifiable month or day.

記憶錨點 鑄錢局設於銅鑼灣近糖街，因白銀外流、營運成本高企而難以為繼，不久即告停產。

Sited near Sugar Street in Causeway Bay, the mint could not sustain itself amid silver outflow and high running costs, and soon ceased production.

來源 香港硬幣的歷史和演變（香港金融管理局）

financehistory

1868 · 維多利亞城（全港） · 年級（消防處官方記1868年5月9日刊憲成立「香港消防隊」）。

1868年香港消防隊正式成立，由查理士·梅理兼任監督。

The Hong Kong Fire Brigade is established in 1868, with Charles May as its Superintendent.

背景 1868年5月9日，香港消防隊經刊憲正式成立，由查理士·梅理兼任監督。成立時僅有62名正規隊員，並輔以約100名華籍志願消防人員。消防隊由官方成立，負責統籌滅火及救援，是香港首支專責消防的官方隊伍。其後自1919年起兼營緊急救護服務，職能逐步擴展至今天的消防及救護工作。

On 9 May 1868 the Hong Kong Fire Brigade was formally established by notice in the Gazette, with Charles May serving as its Superintendent. It began with 62 regular firefighters, supported by about 100 Chinese volunteer firemen. Created to respond to fire risks in the growing colonial city, it marked the start of organised firefighting in Hong Kong. From 1919 the brigade also provided emergency ambulance services alongside its firefighting duties, and its role gradually expanded into the fire and ambulance services of today.

記憶錨點 成立時僅62名正規隊員並輔以約100名華籍志願消防；1919年起兼營緊急救護。

It began with 62 firemen plus some 100 Chinese volunteers; emergency ambulance service started in 1919.

來源 香港消防處：《歷史簡介》（香港消防處）

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1869 · 年級（1869年蘇伊士運河通航）。

蘇伊士運河通航，大大縮短歐亞航程，促進香港轉口貿易發展。

The Suez Canal opens, greatly shortening the Europe-Asia voyage and boosting Hong Kong's entrepôt trade.

背景 1869年，蘇伊士運河通航，大大縮短歐亞航程，促進香港轉口貿易發展。運河喺1869年11月通航，船隻毋須再繞道好望角，香港自此成為歐亞航線嘅重要中途港，帶動轉口同船舶補給業務。更短嘅航程令歐洲同東亞之間嘅貨運同行旅增加，香港作為中途港嘅角色亦隨之加強。

In 1869, the Suez Canal opened, greatly shortening the Europe-Asia voyage and boosting Hong Kong's entrepôt trade. The canal opened in November 1869, sparing ships the voyage around the Cape of Good Hope, making Hong Kong a key port of call on the Europe-Asia run and boosting entrepôt and ship-supply business. The shorter route increased cargo and passenger traffic between Europe and East Asia, and Hong Kong's role as a port of call was strengthened as a result. The canal made the long sea route between Europe and Asia far quicker than before.

記憶錨點 運河1869年11月通航，船隻毋須再繞道好望角，香港自此成為歐亞航線上的重要中途港，帶動轉口與船舶補給業務。

Opened in November 1869, the canal spared ships the voyage around the Cape of Good Hope, making Hong Kong a key port of call on the Europe–Asia run.

來源 《香港年報2021》第二十二章：歷史（香港特別行政區政府）

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