香港大事記 · 1840 年代

1841-01-26

英軍在水坑口登陸並升旗，香港島開埠。

British naval forces land at Possession Point and raise the flag, marking the founding of Hong Kong.

背景 1841年1月26日，英軍在水坑口登陸並升旗，標誌香港島正式開埠，登陸位置即今日上環荷李活道公園一帶。早在同月20日，義律已按《穿鼻草約》提出割讓港島，惟兩國政府均不承認該草約，令這次佔領起初缺乏穩固的法理依據。此次登陸是英國實際佔據香港島的起點，其後仍須簽訂正式條約才獲確認。

On 26 January 1841, British forces landed at Possession Point and raised the flag, marking the opening of Hong Kong Island as a port; the landing site corresponds to today's Hollywood Road Park in Sheung Wan. As early as 20 January, plenipotentiary Elliot had proposed ceding the island under the Chuenpi Convention, but neither government recognised that convention, so the occupation initially lacked a firm legal basis. This landing was the beginning of Britain's de facto occupation of Hong Kong Island, which was only confirmed later by a formal treaty.

記憶錨點 駐軍最初登陸位置即今上環荷李活道公園一帶；同月20日義律早已據《穿鼻草約》提議割讓港島，惟兩國政府都不承認該草約。

The landing site is near today’s Hollywood Road Park in Sheung Wan; on 20 January plenipotentiary Elliot had already proposed ceding Hong Kong Island under the Chuenpi Convention, which neither government recognised.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 1841年1月26日當日，伯麥以英國遠徵軍總司令身分，率兵登陸香港島…（第 125 頁）、 英國佔據香港島的時間，是在中英兩國簽署《南京條約》之前一年又七個月。（第 125 頁）

來源 《香港年報2021》第二十二章：歷史（香港特別行政區政府）

historyoverview

1841-08-09

香港設立第一所監獄。

Hong Kong’s first prison is established.

背景 1841年8月9日，香港設立第一所監獄。早期監獄沿用域多利監獄前身的設施，設於中環一帶，主要用以囚禁犯人。這所監獄日後逐步擴展，演變為懲教署轄下的懲教系統，可見香港的懲教制度自開埠初期已開始建立，並隨城市發展而不斷調整。

On 9 August 1841, Hong Kong established its first prison. The early facility used the premises that preceded Victoria Prison, located in Central, and mainly held prisoners. It later expanded and evolved into the correctional system under the Correctional Services Department, showing that Hong Kong's penal system began to take shape in the earliest years of the colonial city and was continually adjusted as the city grew.

記憶錨點 早期監獄沿用域多利監獄前身設施，設於中環；日後演變為懲教署轄下系統。

The early facility, a precursor of Victoria Prison in Central, later grew into today’s Correctional Services system.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 1841年8月9日，域多利監獄落成並開始運作，成為香港在近代時期的第…（第 126 頁）

來源 懲教署歷史：早期（懲教署）

historycrimecivil-service

1842-08-29

《南京條約》於南京簽訂，結束第一次鴉片戰爭，割讓香港島並開放通商口岸。

The Treaty of Nanking is signed at Nanking, ending the First Opium War and ceding Hong Kong Island while opening treaty ports.

背景 1842年8月29日，《南京條約》在南京簽訂，結束第一次鴉片戰爭，清政府除割讓香港島外，亦開放多個通商口岸。條約共十三款，英方由砵甸乍簽署，清方為耆英與伊里布，香港島自此正式割讓予英國。有別於此前不獲承認的《穿鼻草約》，這份條約為香港開埠提供法理起點，亦奠定其後殖民管治的基礎。

Signed at Nanking on 29 August 1842, the Treaty of Nanking ended the First Opium War; besides ceding Hong Kong Island, it opened several treaty ports to foreign trade. Running to thirteen articles, it was signed by Pottinger for Britain and by Qiying and Ilibu for Qing China, formally ceding Hong Kong Island to Britain. Unlike the earlier, unrecognised Chuenpi Convention, this treaty gave the colony its legal starting point and underpinned the colonial administration that followed.

記憶錨點 條約共十三款，英方由砵甸乍簽署、清方為耆英與伊里布，香港島自此正式割讓予英國，是香港開埠的法理起點。

Running to thirteen articles and signed by Pottinger for Britain and by Qiying and Ilibu for Qing China, it ceded Hong Kong Island in perpetuity — the legal starting point of the colony.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 《南京條約》訂明，清廷須將香港全島永遠交予英國君主與其繼承人擁有及治…（第 128 頁）、 《南京條約》於1842年8月29日由清朝政府與英國簽訂，香港島因而被…（第 28 頁）、 1842年8月29日，《南京條約》由清朝政府與英國簽訂，香港島因此被…（第 56 頁）、 1842年8月29日，中方談判人員耆英及伊里布，聯同英方代表砵甸乍，…（第 128 頁）、 中英兩國於1842年8月29日在英國軍艦「康華麗號」上簽署《南京條約…（第 53 頁）

來源 《香港年報2021》第二十二章：歷史（香港特別行政區政府）

historyoverview

1843-06-26 · 上環

璞鼎查就任香港首任總督，並於同日宣布香港島為英國殖民地。

Henry Pottinger becomes the first Governor of Hong Kong and proclaims Hong Kong Island a British colony.

背景 1843年6月26日，璞鼎查就任香港首任總督，並於同日宣布香港島為英國殖民地。他同時身兼全權公使與殖民總督，集外交與管治權於一身；在《南京條約》簽訂後不久，香港的殖民政府便由上環一帶起步，其後規模逐步擴大。這一任命標誌着英國對香港殖民管治的正式開始，也奠定了此後百餘年香港政制的雛形。

On 26 June 1843 Henry Pottinger became the first Governor of Hong Kong and proclaimed Hong Kong Island a British colony. He served concurrently as plenipotentiary and colonial governor, combining diplomatic and governing authority; soon after the Treaty of Nanking, the colonial government took shape starting around Sheung Wan and gradually expanded. The appointment marked the formal beginning of British colonial rule over Hong Kong and set the outline of the administration that would last for more than a century afterwards.

記憶錨點 璞鼎查同時身兼全權公使與殖民總督，其後殖民政府規模逐步擴大。

Pottinger served concurrently as plenipotentiary and governor; the colonial administration gradually expanded afterwards.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 1843年6月26日，耆英以清政府欽差大臣身分抵達香港，與同時擔任英…（第 129 頁）、 1843年6月26日，隨著《南京條約》換約手續完成，砵甸乍隨即宣誓就…（第 129 頁）

來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事）（香港地方志中心）

historygovernment

1844 · 中環（全港） · 年級（警務處官方記1844年《警察條例》生效成立）。

1844年《警察條例》生效，香港警隊正式成立為殖民地警察力量。

The first Police Ordinance comes into force in 1844, formally establishing the Hong Kong Police Force.

背景 1844年，《警察條例》生效，香港警隊正式成立為殖民地警察力量。成立初年警隊僅約32人；至1845年查理士·梅理接手後，警隊擴編至171人，並在中環、香港仔、赤柱興建警署。條例訂明了警隊的職責與權力，早期警隊的規模與部署亦反映殖民地政府以治安維持管治的取向。

In 1844 the first Police Ordinance came into force, formally establishing the Hong Kong Police Force as a colonial police body. It began with only about 32 men; from 1845, after Charles May took charge, it grew to 171 officers and built police stations at Central, Aberdeen and Stanley. The Police Ordinance provided the legal basis for the force's powers and duties, making policing a statutory function of the government. The early force's small size and its deployment reflected the colonial government's reliance on policing to maintain order.

記憶錨點 成立初年僅約32人；1845年查理士·梅理接手後擴至171人，並在中環、香港仔、赤柱興建警署。

It began with about 32 men; from 1845 Charles May modelled it on the Irish Constabulary, growing it to 171 and building stations at Central, Aberdeen and Stanley.

來源 香港警務處：《警隊首個百年》（香港警務處）

politicshistorysociety

1844-02-28

《香港憲章》頒布，確立香港以總督為首嘅殖民政府架構。

The Hong Kong Charter is promulgated, establishing the colonial government structure headed by the Governor.

背景 1844年2月28日，《香港憲章》頒布，確立香港以總督為首的殖民政府架構。憲章是香港早期管治的基礎文件，規定總督的權力及行政、立法等機關的組成，為殖民地的運作提供依據。在開埠之初管治制度尚待建立之際，這份文件把以總督為中心的政治架構固定下來，成為日後香港政制演變的起點。

On 28 February 1844 the Hong Kong Charter was promulgated, establishing the colonial government structure headed by the Governor. The charter was a foundational document of Hong Kong's early administration, setting out the Governor's powers and the composition of the executive and legislative bodies and providing the basis for running the colony. At a time when governing institutions were still being formed in the new colony, the document fixed a political structure centred on the Governor and became the starting point for later constitutional development.

記憶錨點 《香港憲章》確立以總督為首的殖民政府架構，是香港早期管治的基礎文件。

The Hong Kong Charter established the colonial structure headed by the Governor, an early foundational document of Hong Kong's administration.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 1844年2月28日，立法局審議並通過四項條例草案，成為該局首批獲通…（第 130 頁）

來源 《香港年報2021》第二十二章：歷史（香港特別行政區政府）

historygovernment

1844-05-01

殖民地警隊依法成立，為香港警察隊伍之始。

The colonial police force is formally established by law, marking the beginning of the Hong Kong Police Force.

背景 香港警隊在1844年依《警察條例》正式成立，是香港警察隊伍的開端。成立之初，警隊由英籍及本地人員組成，主要負責維持治安。在此之前，殖民地並無一支依法統一設立的警隊；警隊成立後，維持秩序與執法的職責逐步集中到一個依法設立的隊伍手上。

The Hong Kong police force was formally established in 1844 under the Police Ordinance, marking the start of the Hong Kong Police Force. At the outset it was made up of British and local officers and was responsible for law and order. Before its creation there was no single police body set up by law in the colony. Once the force was established, the duties of keeping order and enforcing the law were gradually concentrated in one legally constituted body, which became the foundation of the present-day force.

記憶錨點 警隊依《警察條例》成立，初期以英籍及本地人員組成，負責治安。

Established under the Police Ordinance with British and local officers, it handled law and order.

同日誌錄同一日嘅志錄（同一日發生，唔一定同一件事）： 1844年5月1日，立法局審議一條關於酒肆牌照的條例後通過該法，並規…（第 131 頁）、 1844年5月1日，香港立法機關就《1844年警察條例》結束審議程序…（第 131 頁）

來源 香港警隊歷史：第壹個壹百年（香港警務處）

historyjustice

1845

香港以《陪審員與陪審團規管條例》引進陪審團制度，沿用英國刑事司法傳統。

Hong Kong introduces the jury system under the Ordinance for the Regulation of Jurors and Juries, following English criminal-justice tradition.

背景 香港於1845年以《陪審員與陪審團規管條例》引進陪審團制度，沿用英國刑事司法傳統，由市民組成陪審團參與裁決。制度其後一直延續，《基本法》第86條保留陪審原則。時至今日，高等法院原訟法庭審理嚴重刑事案件時，仍由陪審團作出裁決。

Hong Kong introduced the jury system in 1845 through the Ordinance for the Regulation of Jurors and Juries, following the English criminal-justice tradition of having citizens decide verdicts. The system has continued since, and Article 86 of the Basic Law preserves the principle of trial by jury. Today, juries still determine verdicts in serious criminal cases tried in the Court of First Instance of the High Court, keeping lay participation in the courts and remaining a distinctive feature of Hong Kong's legal system.

記憶錨點 《基本法》第86條其後保留陪審制度原則；現時高等法院原訟法庭嚴重刑事案由陪審團審理。

Article 86 of the Basic Law preserves the principle of trial by jury; today juries hear serious criminal cases in the Court of First Instance of the High Court.

來源 法律改革委員會：《出任陪審員的準則》（香港法律改革委員會）

legalhistory

1846 · 金管局按年級記載東藩滙理銀行（Oriental Bank）1845年在港開業後翌年首次發鈔；香港歷史博物館同以1846年為香港首張紙幣之始。

東藩滙理銀行發行香港首批紙幣，成為香港最早的港元紙幣。

The Oriental Bank issues the first Hong Kong banknotes, the earliest paper money in Hong Kong.

背景 1846年，東藩滙理銀行（Oriental Bank）發行香港首批紙幣，成為本地最早的紙幣。該行是早年活躍於遠東的英資銀行，於1845年在港開業，翌年首次發鈔，鈔票以銀元為本位。此舉開創本地銀行自行發鈔的先河，亦令香港的貨幣供應逐步由硬幣擴展至紙幣。金管局按年級記載此事，香港歷史博物館同以1846年為香港首張紙幣之始。

In 1846 the Oriental Bank issued Hong Kong's first banknotes, the earliest paper money in the territory. An early British bank active across the Far East, it opened in Hong Kong in 1845 and issued notes the following year, backed by the silver dollar. This began the local practice of banks issuing their own currency, gradually extending Hong Kong's money supply from coins to paper notes. The HKMA records the date by year, and the Hong Kong Museum of History likewise treats 1846 as the start of local banknotes.

記憶錨點 東藩滙理銀行（Oriental Bank）是早年活躍於遠東的英資銀行，其鈔票以銀元為本位，開本地銀行自行發鈔的先河。

The Oriental Bank was an early British bank active across the Far East; its silver-backed notes began the local practice of banks issuing their own currency.

來源 香港發鈔銀行的歷史（香港金融管理局）

financehistory

1846-11-25 · 康文署記寨城興建期為1846年11月25日至1847年5月31日。

九龍寨城建成，為清朝駐軍的防守據點。

The Kowloon Walled City is completed as a Qing garrison stronghold.

背景 九龍寨城於1846年11月25日至1847年5月31日期間建成，是清朝駐軍的防守據點。寨城佔地約6.5英畝，位於今日九龍寨城公園一帶，起初在九龍邊境擔當軍事防守用途。其後香港割讓、新界租借，寨城的地位變得特殊。寨城後來在1990年代清拆，原址建成今日的九龍寨城公園。

The Kowloon Walled City was built between 25 November 1846 and 31 May 1847 as a Qing garrison stronghold. Covering about 6.5 acres on the site of today's Kowloon Walled City Park, it served a military purpose on the Kowloon frontier. After Hong Kong was ceded and the New Territories leased, its status became unusual. The enclave was finally demolished in the 1990s, and the site was turned into the Kowloon Walled City Park of today.

記憶錨點 寨城面積約6.5英畝，位於今九龍寨城公園；1990年代清拆後建成公園。

The walled enclave covered about 6.5 acres on the site of today’s Kowloon Walled City Park; it was demolished in the 1990s and replaced by a park.

來源 康文署九龍寨城公園歷史

historylost-places

1847 · 上環（中西區） · 官方確認文武廟估計於1847至1862年間落成；古物諮詢委員會指1847年建、1862年加建公所。

上環文武廟估計於1847至1862年間落成，為香港現存最重要的廟宇之一，供文昌與關帝。

The Man Mo Temple in Sheung Wan is estimated to have been completed between 1847 and 1862, one of the most important surviving temples in Hong Kong, honouring Man Cheong and Kwan Tai.

背景 上環文武廟估計於1847至1862年間落成，供奉文昌與關帝，是香港現存最重要的廟宇之一。廟宇由華人紳商集資興建，早年兼作華人在港仲裁議事之所，在華人社會尚未有正式代表時扮演調解與凝聚的角色。古物諮詢委員會指廟宇1847年建成、1862年加建公所；文武廟現由東華三院管理。

The Man Mo Temple in Sheung Wan is estimated to have been completed between 1847 and 1862. Dedicated to Man Cheong, the god of literature, and Kwan Tai, it is one of the most important surviving temples in Hong Kong. Raised with funds from Chinese merchants and gentry, it long served as a place for arbitration and discussion within the Chinese community, mediating at a time when that community had no formal representative body. The Antiquities Advisory Board notes construction in 1847 and an added office in 1862; the temple is now managed by the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals.

記憶錨點 由華人紳商集資興建，早年兼作華人仲裁議事之所，現由東華三院管理。

Raised by Chinese merchants and gentry, it long served as a venue for settling disputes within the Chinese community and is now managed by the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals.

來源 古物古蹟辦事處法定古蹟

heritageculture

1848 · 年級（地方志記載1848年香港首次爆發疫症，具體月日未能核實）。

香港首次爆發嚴重疫症，造成大量死亡，促使政府關注公共衛生。

Hong Kong experiences its first major epidemic, causing many deaths and prompting the government to address public health.

背景 1848年，香港首次爆發嚴重疫症，造成大量死亡，具體月日未能核實。開埠初期的香港衛生條件欠佳，人口擠迫、排水與供水設施不足，疫症因此迅速蔓延。事件促使政府關注公共衛生及供水問題，其後陸續推動相關的衛生與水利措施，也反映早期殖民政府在管治初期對疫病與城市環境的應對。

In 1848 Hong Kong suffered its first major epidemic, causing many deaths; the exact month and day cannot be verified. Sanitation in the early colonial years was poor, with overcrowding and inadequate drainage and water supply, allowing the disease to spread rapidly. The outbreak prompted the government to address public health and water-supply problems, leading to the gradual introduction of related sanitary and waterworks measures and reflecting how the early colonial administration responded to disease and the urban environment.

記憶錨點 香港開埠初期衛生條件欠佳，疫症促使政府關注公共衛生及供水問題。

With poor sanitation in the early colonial years, the epidemic pushed the government to address public health and water supply.

來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事）（香港地方志中心）

historyhealth

1849 · 中西區（中環花園道） · 年級（古物古蹟辦事處記聖約翰座堂1849年建成，1845年奠基興建）。

聖約翰座堂建成，為香港現存歷史最悠久的西式基督教教堂，1996年列為法定古蹟。

St John's Cathedral is completed in 1849, the oldest standing Christian church in Hong Kong, declared a monument in 1996.

背景 聖約翰座堂於1849年建成，為香港現存歷史最悠久的西式基督教教堂，並於1996年列為法定古蹟。座堂於1845年奠基，其地段為殖民地政府授予教會的永久業權土地，這在日後以批地為主的香港並不常見。它既是中環一帶早期宗教建築的代表，也見證開埠初期教會在本地社會的角色。

St John's Cathedral was completed in 1849 and is the oldest standing Christian church in Hong Kong; it was declared a monument in 1996. Begun in 1845, it stands on freehold land granted to the church by the colonial government, an arrangement that was uncommon in Hong Kong, where land is generally held on lease. The cathedral represents early religious architecture in Central and reflects the role of the church in local society during the early years of the colony.

記憶錨點 座堂1845年奠基、1849年落成，其地段為殖民地政府授予教會的永久業權土地。

Begun in 1845 and completed in 1849, it stands on freehold land granted to the church by the colonial government.

來源 古物古蹟辦事處：聖約翰座堂（法定古蹟）（古物古蹟辦事處）

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