文化藝術人物 / Cultural figure

侯曜

Hou Yao

1903–1942

領域:藝術家 · 作家與觀點論述者

繁體中文

侯曜(1903–1942),字一星,號東明,廣東番禺人,畢業於南京東南大學教育系,是中國早期電影的導演、編劇與理論家,早年為文學研究會成員,作品題材從戀愛、社會到國族事務都有涉獵。1920年他由廣東到上海求學。1924年,他進入上海的長城製造畫片公司,任編劇主任兼導演,先後執導《棄婦》、《春閨夢裡人》及《偽君子》等片,《棄婦》改編自他學生時代所寫的話劇。1925年,他出版《影戲劇本作法》,是中國最早論述電影劇作的專著;同年他轉投黎民偉創辦的民新影片公司(民新是1920年代滬港兩地重要的製片機構之一),執導《和平之神》(1926)、《海角詩人》及《西廂記》(1927)等七部影片,後者取材自王實甫的雜劇,並由黎民偉監製,是最早在外國放映的中國電影之一。1928年,他執導《木蘭從軍》,由李旦旦主演。1929年他曾赴天津短期任教,1932年在聯華北平分廠自編自導《故宮新怨》;1933年南下香港,為影片公司執導《呆佬拜壽》。抗日戰爭爆發後,他投身抗戰題材創作,自編自導《血肉長城》、《最後關頭》及《太平洋上的風雲》等片,並組織文化影片公司。1940年,他受邵氏聘請到新加坡執導多部馬來語影片。1942年2月新加坡淪陷後,他在日軍的大檢證中被捕殺害,終年39歲。侯曜是早期中國電影理論的重要人物,除編導外亦寫作影評與劇論;他在長城、民新兩廠的作品多由他自編自導,題材從家庭倫理到社會批判皆有涉獵。其生卒年份有多種說法,香港電影資料館採用1903年生、1942年卒之說;他生前拍攝的影片多為默片,部分因戰亂散佚,只餘片名與零星評論,後人對其生平所知有限。

English

Hou Yao (1903–1942), courtesy name Yixing, was born in Panyu, Guangdong, and studied education at Southeastern University in Nanjing; he was a director, screenwriter and film theorist of early Chinese cinema and an early member of the Literary Research Society, drawing on subjects that ranged from romance to social issues to national affairs. He went from Guangdong to Shanghai to study in 1920. In 1924 he joined Shanghai's Great Wall Film Manufacturing Company as head of screenwriting and director, making The Discarded Wife, adapted from a play he had written as a student, along with Spring Boudoir Dream and The Hypocrite. In 1925 he published Methods of Writing Shadow-Play Scripts, the first book in China devoted to film screenwriting, and joined Lai Man-wai's Minxin Film Company, for which he directed The God of Peace (1926), The Poet of the Sea and Romance of the Western Chamber (1927), the last based on Wang Shifu's zaju play and produced by Lai Man-wai, and among the first Chinese films shown abroad. He directed Mulan Joins the Army in 1928, starring Li Dandan. He taught briefly in Tianjin in 1929, wrote and directed The New Grievance of the Palace at Lianhua's Beijing branch in 1932, and in 1933 went south to Hong Kong to direct Foolish Servant Worships Longevity. After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War he made anti-Japanese films such as Flesh and Blood Great Wall, The Final Moment and Storm over the Pacific, and founded the Culture Film Company. Hired by Shaw Brothers in 1940, he went to Singapore to direct several Malay-language films. After Singapore fell in February 1942 he was arrested and killed by Japanese troops during the Great Inspection, aged 39. His dates of birth and death are variously given; the Hong Kong Film Archive adopts 1903–1942.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

導演、編劇

年期Active period

1903–1942

代表作Notable works

《棄婦》《西廂記》《木蘭從軍》

獎項及榮譽Awards & honours

中國電影先驅者之一

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-12

權威檔 Authority record

一個人一個穩定代號(slug)同呢幾項別名,跨頁統一引用;外連指向同一人物的權威出處。

  • Hou Yao · romanization

    英文名/拼音

主要成就 Key Achievements

1924

任長城製造畫片公司編劇主任兼導演,執導《棄婦》

Joined the Great Wall Film company as head of screenwriting and directed The Discarded Wife

1925

出版《影戲劇本作法》,為中國最早論述電影劇作的專著

Published Methods of Writing Shadow-Play Scripts, China's first book on film screenwriting

1928

執導《木蘭從軍》,由李旦旦主演

Directed Mulan Joins the Army, starring Li Dandan

1942

新加坡淪陷後於日軍大檢證中被捕殺害

Captured and killed by Japanese troops in Singapore after the city fell

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

侯曜的《影戲劇本作法》(1925)是中國最早的電影劇作理論專著,長年為早期電影人參考;他執導的《西廂記》(1927)是最早在外國放映的中國電影之一,把上海默片的成果帶到西方觀眾眼前。

English

Hou's Methods of Writing Shadow-Play Scripts (1925) was the first Chinese book on film screenwriting and long served as a reference for early filmmakers, while his Romance of the Western Chamber (1927) was among the first Chinese films shown abroad, bringing Shanghai's silent cinema before Western audiences.

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