文化藝術人物 / Cultural figure

李小龍

Bruce Lee

1940–1973

領域:藝術家

繁體中文

李小龍(1940–1973),本名李振藩,1940年11月27日生於美國三藩市,父親是粵劇名伶李海泉,母親何愛瑜。他在香港長大,童年時隨葉問學習詠春拳,又學過太極、洪拳等,並以童星身分參演《細路祥》等二十多部粵語片。1958年,他獲香港校際拳擊比賽冠軍,又贏得全港恰恰舞公開賽冠軍;同年他因與人打鬥驚動警方,父母遂決定送他到美國讀書。1959年他十八歲赴美求學,先後就讀西雅圖的愛迪生技術學校及華盛頓大學,主修戲劇,副修哲學。1962年他在西雅圖開設「振藩國術館」,1964年應邀在長堤國際空手道大賽示範武藝而嶄露頭角,1964年8月,他與在華盛頓大學認識的同學蓮達·埃莫瑞結婚,婚後遷往奧克蘭另設武館。1967年他把自創的武術體系命名為截拳道,強調實用、融合多家所長。1966年他在美國電視劇《青蜂俠》中飾演加藤一角,開始為美國觀眾認識;其後他亦為《蝙蝠俠》等劇集客串,並在美國開館授徒,學生包括不少荷里活名人及職業運動員。1970年他返港與嘉禾洽談合作,1971年他與嘉禾簽約並自組協和電影公司,主演《唐山大兄》,在港收逾三百萬港元並打破票房紀錄;1972年主演《精武門》及自編自導自演的《猛龍過江》,連番刷新紀錄,其中《精武門》踢碎「東亞病夫」牌匾的一幕更成為經典。1972年他憑《精武門》獲金馬獎最佳國語電影及評委會特別獎。1973年與荷里活合作的《龍爭虎鬥》全球票房累計逾二億美元,成為全球賣座的功夫片。1973年5月,他在為《龍爭虎鬥》配音期間突然昏倒,其後證實腦部出現水腫。1973年7月20日,他在香港猝逝,年僅三十二歲,解剖顯示死因為腦水腫;他生前最後開拍的《死亡遊戲》其後由替身及剪接補拍,於1978年上映。李小龍去世時正值事業高峰,其猝逝震驚全球,大批影迷湧至其九龍塘住所及殯儀館弔唁。他去世後,未完成的《死亡遊戲》由替身及剪接補拍,於1978年上映。1994年第十三屆香港電影金像獎追頒終身成就獎,1999年《時代》周刊選他為二十世紀最具影響力一百人之一,2005年尖沙咀星光大道豎立其銅像。他婚後與妻子蓮達·李育有兒子李國豪及女兒李香凝,並把詠春的貼身短打改良為適合銀幕的實戰風格,在片中大量使用雙截棍,成為後世動作片的模仿對象。1970年,他因舉重導致背部嚴重受傷,臥床數月,期間寫下大量武術與哲學筆記。他生前常說「Be water, my friend」,主張如水般靈活應變,此語日後廣為流傳。

English

Bruce Lee (1940–1973), born Lee Jun-fan on 27 November 1940 in San Francisco, was the son of the Cantonese opera star Lee Hoi-chuen and grew up in Hong Kong. He learned Wing Chun under Ip Man as a boy and also studied Tai Chi and Hung Kuen, and appeared as a child actor in Cantonese films such as The Kid. In 1959 he moved to the United States at eighteen, studying at Edison Technical School and the University of Washington, majoring in drama with a minor in philosophy. In 1962 he opened his Jun Fan Gung Fu Institute in Seattle; his demonstration at the 1964 Long Beach International Karate Championships brought him wide notice, and in 1967 he named his own martial-arts system Jeet Kune Do, a pragmatic style drawing on many disciplines. In 1966 he played Kato in the American television series The Green Hornet, making his name known to US audiences. He returned to Hong Kong in 1970 to discuss film work with Golden Harvest and in 1971 starred in The Big Boss, which broke Hong Kong box-office records with over HK$3 million, followed by Fist of Fury and The Way of the Dragon, each setting new records. Fist of Fury had won him Golden Horse honours for Best Mandarin Film and a Special Jury Award in 1972. His 1973 Hollywood collaboration Enter the Dragon grossed more than US$200 million worldwide and became a global hit. He died suddenly in Hong Kong on 20 July 1973, aged 32, of cerebral oedema; Game of Death, the film he was making at the time, was completed with stand-ins and released in 1978. In 1994 the 13th Hong Kong Film Awards posthumously gave him its Lifetime Achievement Award, in 1999 Time named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century, and in 2005 a bronze statue of him was erected on the Tsim Sha Tsui Avenue of Stars. He was married to Linda Lee and had a son, Brandon, and a daughter, Shannon; he turned Wing Chun's close-range fighting into a screen-ready combat style and made such heavy use of the nunchaku that both became models for later action films. In 1958 he won Hong Kong's interschool boxing championship and its cha-cha championship, and after a street fight his parents sent him to the United States in 1959. He married his University of Washington classmate Linda Emery in August 1964 and later opened a second school in Oakland. Game of Death, unfinished at his death, was completed with stand-ins and released in 1978; he is buried in Seattle, and his blend of Wing Chun and mixed-martial-arts ideas influenced later martial-arts competition.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

武術家、演員、導演

年期Active period

1940–1973

代表作Notable works

《唐山大兄》《精武門》《猛龍過江》《龍爭虎鬥》

獎項及榮譽Awards & honours

香港電影金像獎終身成就獎(1994年追頒)、金馬獎評委會特別獎(1972)

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-12

權威檔 Authority record

一個人一個穩定代號(slug)同呢幾項別名,跨頁統一引用;外連指向同一人物的權威出處。

  • 李振藩 / Lee Jun-fan · name

    本名

  • Bruce Lee · name

    英文名

  • Lee Siu-Long · romanization

    藝名「李小龍」之拼音

  • 細鳳 · pseudonym

    乳名

同一權威識別:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Lee · https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41584

主要成就 Key Achievements

1971

返港主演《唐山大兄》,打破香港票房紀錄。

Returned to Hong Kong and starred in The Big Boss, which broke Hong Kong box-office records.

1972

主演《精武門》,獲金馬獎最佳國語電影及評委會特別獎。

Starred in Fist of Fury, honoured at the Golden Horse Awards for Best Mandarin Film and a Special Jury Award.

1994

獲第十三屆香港電影金像獎追頒終身成就獎。

Posthumously received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 13th Hong Kong Film Awards.

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

李小龍創立截拳道,將拳腳實戰與電影結合,令功夫片成為國際類型,並讓香港動作電影打開荷里活與全球市場。《唐山大兄》《精武門》與《龍爭虎鬥》連番刷新紀錄,其凌厲而寫實的打鬥設計扭轉了西方對華人演員的刻板印象。他的截拳道與雙截棍成為後世動作片的常用語彙,影響延續至今。

English

Bruce Lee founded Jeet Kune Do, fused real combat with cinema and turned the martial-arts film into a global genre, opening the way for Hong Kong action cinema into Hollywood and world markets. The Big Boss, Fist of Fury and Enter the Dragon each set new records, and his fierce, realistic fight design overturned Western stereotypes of Chinese actors. His Jeet Kune Do and the nunchaku became stock vocabulary for later action films, and his influence endures.

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