文化藝術人物 / Cultural figure

南海十三郎

Naam Hoi Sap Saam Long

1930年–1984年

領域:作家與觀點論述者

繁體中文

南海十三郎(1910年3月3日-1984年),本名江譽鏐,又名江譽球,別字江楓,廣東南海張槎塱邊村人(今佛山市禪城區),是民國時期著名粵劇及電影編劇家。他是晚清進士、人稱「江太史」的江孔殷的第十三子;江孔殷師從康有為,曾參與公車上書,江家以精緻粵菜聞名省港,其中「太史五蛇羹」尤為人稱道。南海十三郎因排行十三而得此名,生母為家中婢女杜氏,誕下他後不久便離世。他早年在廣州成長,後負笈香港,入讀香港大學習醫,因追隨女友赴上海而中斷學業,又逢「一二八」事變,無法返港,自此投身梨園。1930年,他為薛覺先的覺先聲劇團編寫《心聲淚影》,由薛覺先親自擔演,公演後一炮而紅,成為省港名劇,奠定其在粵劇編劇界的地位;同年《紅粉金戈》亦由覺先聲搬演。此後他與薛覺先長期合作,寫出《引情香》、《秦淮月》、《燕歸人未歸》、《女兒香》等劇本,文詞典雅、情節曲折;粵劇名家唐滌生亦曾受其啟蒙,二人亦師亦友。抗日戰爭期間,廣州淪陷後,他在香港大量編寫抗敵劇本;1940年應廣東省政府主席李漢魂之邀赴韶關,加入關德興的救亡粵劇團擔任編劇;1945年韶關失守,他率劇團退往和平縣,仍堅持演出,戰後才重返香港。他晚年在港生活潦倒,精神失常,一度入住青山醫院。1984年,南海十三郎在香港離世,其傳奇一生後來由杜國威寫成舞台劇,並由高志森拍成電影《南海十三郎》(1997),由謝君豪主演,一演再演,均告滿座。該舞台劇由香港話劇團製作,1993年首演,杜國威編劇、古天農執導,先後於1995年及2013年重演,並獲香港劇協舞台劇獎最佳整體演出、最佳編劇等獎項;1997年改編成電影後,謝君豪憑此片擊敗張國榮,奪得第三十四屆金馬獎最佳男主角,杜國威則獲最佳改編劇本。

English

Naam Hoi Sap Saam Long (1910 – 1984), born Jiang Yuliu and also known as Jiang Feng, came from Zhangcha in Nanhai, Guangdong, and was a leading Cantonese-opera and film librettist of Republican China. He was the thirteenth son of Jiang Kongyin, a late-Qing scholar-official known as the Jiang taishi whose family was famed in Guangdong and Hong Kong for its refined cuisine; his mother, a maid in the household, died soon after his birth. Raised in Guangzhou, he went to Hong Kong to study medicine at the University of Hong Kong but left his studies to follow a lover to Shanghai and, caught by the January 28 Incident, could not return, turning instead to the theatre. In 1930 he wrote Sam Sing Lui Ying for Sit Kok-sin's Kok Sin Sing troupe; performed by Sit himself, it became a celebrated provincial and Hong Kong hit and made his name as a leading librettist, while Hung Fan Kam Gwo was staged the same year. He went on to write Yin Ching Heung, Qin Huai Yue, Jyun Kwai Jan Mei Kwai and other plays with Sit, elegant in language and intricate in plot, and he helped shape the young Tong Tik-sang, the future master of Cantonese opera. During the war he wrote anti-Japanese plays in Hong Kong and in 1940 joined Kwan Tak-hing's resistance troupe in Shaoguan at the invitation of the Guangdong governor Li Hanhun; after Shaoguan fell in 1945 he led the troupe to Heping county and kept performing until Japan's surrender. In his later years he drifted and suffered mental illness, at times staying in Castle Peak Hospital. He died in Hong Kong in 1984, and his extraordinary life became a stage play and film, The Mad Phoenix (1997), written by Raymond To, directed by Clifton Ko and starring Tse Kwan-ho.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

粵劇編劇家

年期Active period

1930年–1984年

代表作Notable works

《心聲淚影》《寒江釣雪》《燕歸人未歸》《紅粉金戈》

獎項及榮譽Awards & honours

粵劇史上最傳奇嘅編劇家

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-12

主要成就 Key Achievements

1930

為覺先聲劇團編寫《心聲淚影》,公演後一炮而紅,成為省港名劇,奠定粵劇編劇地位。

Wrote Sam Sing Lui Ying for the Kok Sin Sing troupe, a hit that made his name as a Cantonese-opera librettist.

1940

應廣東省政府主席李漢魂之邀赴韶關,加入關德興的救亡粵劇團任編劇。

Joined Kwan Tak-hing's resistance Cantonese-opera troupe in Shaoguan as a librettist at the invitation of Guangdong governor Li Hanhun.

1997

其生平由杜國威改編成舞台劇、高志森拍成電影《南海十三郎》,謝君豪主演。

His life was adapted by Raymond To into a stage play and film, The Mad Phoenix, directed by Clifton Ko and starring Tse Kwan-ho.

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

南海十三郎是1930年代最耀眼的粵劇編劇之一,其作品文詞典雅,劇本被視為粵劇編劇的典範;他亦曾啟蒙唐滌生,而他的傳奇身世更啟發了舞台劇與電影《南海十三郎》,多年來一演再演、一映再映,成為香港文化的一個重要題材。

English

One of the brightest Cantonese-opera librettists of the 1930s, he wrote elegant, widely admired scripts and mentored Tong Tik-sang; his dramatic life later inspired the stage play and film The Mad Phoenix, restaged and screened many times over, making him a fixture of Hong Kong cultural memory.

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