文化藝術人物 / Cultural figure

程步高

Cheng Bugao

1924年–1966年

領域:藝術家 · 作家與觀點論述者

繁體中文

程步高1896年生於浙江平湖城關,字齊東,早年就讀私立詒谷小學,後考入上海震旦大學,求學時已對電影產生興趣,以筆名為《時事新報》副刊《青光》寫影評,並參與編輯《電影雜誌》《影戲春秋》等刊物,未畢業就返鄉,在平湖登瀛小學任教。1922年他離鄉赴上海,1924年起投身影壇,先為大陸影片公司拍攝紀錄片《吳佩孚》《洛陽風景》,編寫電影劇本《鄉姑娘》,其後與孫瑜、楊小仲等發起創辦長城影片公司,執導《沙場淚》《空門賢媳》等片。1928年,他加入明星影片公司任編導,先後拍出《離婚》《富人的生活》《黃金之路》等。1933年是他創作高峰,先後執導夏衍(筆名丁一之)編劇的《狂流》,以及改編茅盾同名小說、同樣由夏衍編劇的《春蠶》,兩片都被視為中國左翼電影與寫實電影的代表作:《狂流》以水災與貪污為背景,結局以洪水吞沒反派作結;《春蠶》在浙江農村實地拍攝,由龔稼農、高倩蘋、艾霞、鄭小秋主演,以近乎紀錄片的手法呈現蠶農生活。1936年他再拍《新舊上海》。抗戰期間,他在軍委會政治部第三廳參與抗日宣傳,並任中國電影製片廠編導。1947年他移居香港,先後在永華影業與長城電影製片公司工作,戰後多拍非政治題材的商業片,例如《亂世兒女》(1947)與《美人計》(1961)等,一生編導超過六十部影片。晚年他寫成十五萬字的回憶錄《影壇憶舊》,記錄早期上海影壇的人與事,該書1983年出版。1966年6月20日,他在香港逝世,享年七十歲。

English

Cheng Bugao was born in 1896 in Pinghu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, and first attended the private Yigu Primary School before entering Aurora University in Shanghai, where his interest in film took root and he wrote film reviews for the Qingguang supplement of the Shishi Xinbao under a pen name and helped edit journals such as Film Magazine and Film and Drama Chronicle; he returned home without graduating to teach at Dengying Primary School. He went to Shanghai in 1922 and from 1924 entered filmmaking, shooting the documentaries Wu Peifu and Scenery of Luoyang for the Dalu company, writing the screenplay Village Girl, and then founding the Great Wall Film Company with Sun Yu and Yang Xiaozhong, directing films such as Shachang Lei and Kong Men Xian Xi. From 1928 he was a director-writer at Mingxing Film Company, making films such as Divorce, The Life of the Rich and The Golden Road. In 1933, his peak year, he directed Wild Torrent, written by Xia Yan under the pen name Ding Yizhi, and Spring Silkworms, adapted from Mao Dun's novella and also scripted by Xia Yan; both are regarded as landmarks of left-wing and realist Chinese cinema. Wild Torrent sets a flood and corruption against each other and ends with the villains engulfed by the floodwaters, while Spring Silkworms was shot on location in a Zhejiang village with Gong Jianong, Gao Qianping, Ai Xia and Zheng Xiaoqiu, portraying silkworm farmers in near-documentary style. In 1936 he made New and Old Shanghai. During the war he worked in the Third Office of the Political Department on anti-Japanese propaganda and for the China Film Studio. He moved to Hong Kong in 1947, working for the Yonghua and Great Wall studios and making largely apolitical commercial films such as Sorrows of the Forbidden City-era melodrama Bloodshed in the City (1947) and The Beauty Trap (1961). He wrote or directed more than sixty features in his career and left a 150,000-word memoir of the early Shanghai film world, published in 1983, and died in Hong Kong on 20 June 1966 at the age of seventy.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

導演、編劇

年期Active period

1924年–1966年

代表作Notable works

《狂流》《春蠶》《脂粉市場》

獎項及榮譽Awards & honours

中國早期電影重要導演

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-12

主要成就 Key Achievements

1924

投身影壇,為多間影片公司執導《沙場淚》《空門賢媳》等片

Entered filmmaking, directing films such as Shachang Lei for several studios

1933

執導《狂流》及《春蠶》,成為中國左翼寫實電影代表作

Directed Wild Torrent and Spring Silkworms, landmarks of left-wing realist cinema

1947

移居香港,在永華及長城等公司繼續執導電影

Moved to Hong Kong and continued directing for the Yonghua and Great Wall studios

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

程步高係1930年代明星影片公司嘅主要導演,佢執導嘅《狂流》同《春蠶》將社會寫實同階級議題帶入中國電影,係左翼電影運動嘅重要作品。戰後佢轉到香港拍商業片,一生作品逾六十部,晚年寫下《影壇憶舊》記錄早期影壇點滴。

English

Cheng Bugao was a principal director at Mingxing Film Company in the 1930s; his Wild Torrent and Spring Silkworms brought social realism and class themes into Chinese cinema and became key works of the left-wing film movement. After the war he made commercial films in Hong Kong, directing more than sixty features in all, and in later life recorded the early film world in his memoir.

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