文化藝術人物 / Cultural figure

胡金銓

King Hu

1932–1997

領域:藝術家 · 作家與觀點論述者

繁體中文

胡金銓,1932年4月29日生於北平(今北京),祖籍河北永年,1997年1月14日在台北離世。他出身書香門第,祖父是清末御史,父親曾留學日本,母親擅長工筆國畫;中學就讀於北平匯文中學。1949年他隻身來港,做過報館校對,又替電影公司繪畫海報與廣告牌,其後加入長城電影製片廠的美工科,再轉到永華影業。 1958年,胡金銓經李翰祥引介簽約邵氏,先做演員與編劇,曾參演《江山美人》(1959),並主演《畸人艷婦》(1960)等片。1963年他與李翰祥合作黃梅調電影《梁山伯與祝英台》;1965年他自編自導抗戰片《大地兒女》,正式獨當一面。1966年的《大醉俠》以女俠鄭佩佩為主角,把京劇的身段與節奏融入打鬥,奠定其武俠片路線。 1967年,他執導《龍門客棧》,以客店內的群戲調度見稱,創下當時香港開埠以來最高賣座紀錄,並獲第6屆金馬獎最佳編劇,被後世視為武俠片的教科書。1971年的《俠女》改編自《聊齋誌異》,以竹林決戰與禪意鏡頭見稱,1975年奪得康城影展技術大獎,令西方首次正視華語武俠片。他重視歷史考據與剪接節奏,主張武打要如戲曲般留有呼吸與留白。其後他拍有《迎春閣之風波》(1973)、《忠烈圖》(1975);1979年的《空山靈雨》為香港國際電影節開幕片,《山中傳奇》則為他贏得第16屆金馬獎最佳導演。 1970年代初,他成立金銓影業公司。1978年,英國電影雜誌《國際電影指南》把他選為世界五大導演之一,是華人導演少見的國際評價。胡金銓把武俠片由純動作類型提升為兼具構圖、節奏與禪意的作者電影,其以客棧、竹林、荒漠為舞台的空間調度,以及對服飾、道具與歷史細節的考據,成為後世武俠片的範式,直接影響李安、侯孝賢、徐克等導演。他一生作品不多,惟每部皆反覆推敲,並常親自參與服裝、道具與佈景設計,要求場景與歷史細節準確。1966年的《大醉俠》被視為「新派武俠片」的開端,1967年的《龍門客棧》更掀起港台武俠熱潮,日後多次被重拍,徐克便曾監製《新龍門客棧》(1992)。他強調意境與節奏,反對濫用特技,主張以剪接與場面調度營造張力,這種「胡金銓美學」深深影響華語武俠片的發展。晚年他長居台灣,仍不斷籌劃新作,並曾在電影機構與大專院校授課、擔任影展評審,提攜後輩。他亦曾以演員身分參與多部影片,並精於剪接與美術,是罕見集編、導、演、美工於一身的電影人。他最後執導的作品為《畫皮之陰陽法王》(1992)。

English

King Hu (born Hu Jinquan, 29 April 1932 in Beiping, now Beijing) was a film director, screenwriter and producer, and one of the most influential makers of the Chinese martial-arts film. His family came from Yongnian in Hebei and he grew up in a literary household: his grandfather had been a censor in the late Qing, his father had studied in Japan, and his mother painted in the gongbi style. He studied at Huiwen Middle School in Beiping and arrived alone in Hong Kong in 1949, where he worked as a newspaper proofreader and painted film posters and billboards. He then joined the art department of Great Wall Film Production, working under the Wan brothers, and later moved to the Yonghua studio. In 1958, introduced by Li Han-hsiang, he signed with Shaw Brothers as an actor and screenwriter, appearing in films such as The Kingdom and the Beauty (1959), and in 1963 worked with Li on the Huangmei opera film The Love Eterne. He made his own directorial debut with the anti-war drama Sons of the Good Earth in 1965. Come Drink with Me (1966), built around Cheng Pei-pei's swordswoman, folded Peking-opera movement and rhythm into combat and set the course of his wuxia style. His 1967 Dragon Inn, celebrated for its group staging inside a single inn, set a then-record for the highest box-office take in Hong Kong and won Best Screenplay at the 6th Golden Horse Awards; it is still treated as a textbook of the genre. A Touch of Zen (1971), adapted from Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio, is famous for its bamboo-forest duel and Zen-like imagery and won the Technical Grand Prize at the Cannes Film Festival in 1975, the first time the West took Chinese martial-arts cinema seriously. Hu prized historical research and cutting rhythm, holding that fight scenes should breathe like opera. Later films include The Fate of Lee Khan (1973) and The Valiant Ones (1975). In the early 1970s he founded King Hu Film Company, and in 1978 a British film magazine named him one of the world's five leading directors. Raining in the Mountain (1979) opened the Hong Kong International Film Festival, while Legend of the Mountain brought him Best Director at the 16th Golden Horse Awards. His last directed film was Painted Skin (1992). He died in Taipei on 14 January 1997.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

導演、編劇、監製

年期Active period

1932–1997

代表作Notable works

《大醉俠》《龍門客棧》《俠女》《空山靈雨》《山中傳奇》

獎項及榮譽Awards & honours

康城影展技術大獎(1975)、第16屆台灣金馬獎最佳導演(1979)

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-12

主要成就 Key Achievements

1967

執導《龍門客棧》,創下當時香港開埠以來最高賣座紀錄,並獲第6屆金馬獎最佳編劇。

Directed Dragon Inn, which set a then-record for the highest box-office gross in Hong Kong and won Best Screenplay at the 6th Golden Horse Awards.

1975

憑《俠女》獲康城影展技術大獎。

Won the Technical Grand Prize at the Cannes Film Festival for A Touch of Zen.

1979

憑《山中傳奇》獲第16屆台灣金馬獎最佳導演。

Won Best Director at the 16th Golden Horse Awards for Legend of the Mountain.

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

胡金銓把武俠片由純動作提升為兼具構圖、節奏與禪意的作者電影,其以客棧、竹林、荒漠為舞台的空間調度成為後世範式。《俠女》在康城獲獎,令西方首次正視華語武俠,衝擊了國際影壇對中國電影的想像。他的剪接與場面設計直接影響李安、侯孝賢、徐克等導演。他被視為華語武俠片的宗師之一。

English

King Hu raised the wuxia film from pure action to an auteur cinema of composition, rhythm and Zen, and his staging of inns, bamboo groves and deserts became a model for later filmmakers. A Touch of Zen's prize at Cannes made the West take Chinese martial-arts cinema seriously for the first time. His editing and staging directly influenced directors such as Ang Lee, Hou Hsiao-hsien and Tsui Hark. He is regarded as one of the masters of the Chinese wuxia film.

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