文化藝術人物 / Cultural figure

關文清

Kwan Man-ching

1920年代–1969年

領域:藝術家

繁體中文

關文清1894年出世,祖籍廣東開平,號山月,自細讀私塾,後被送到香港學英文。1911年佢赴美國留學,期間修讀電影製作課程,曾經做過臨時演員,仲喺格里菲斯執導嘅《殘花淚》(1919) 擔任技術顧問。1920年返國後加入民新製造影片公司,喺香港有記載可考嘅首部故事長片《胭脂》(1925) 入面擔任化妝,呢部改編自《聊齋誌異》嘅默片由民新出品,係香港電影史嘅重要起點。1931年佢獲聘為聯華影業香港分廠編導,執導默片《鑽骨蘭心》(1931)、《夜半槍聲》(1932)、《暗室明珠》(1933),並喺演員養成所培訓出李鐵、黃岱等人,佢哋日後都成為香港影壇中堅。1933年佢帶片赴三藩市宣傳,為聯華籌集資金,期間認識華僑趙樹燊,推動對方成立大觀影片公司,並協助執導早期粵語聲片《歌侶情潮》(1933),又拍攝記錄粵劇演出嘅《三娘教子》(1935)。1935年執導嘅《生命線》宣揚建鐵路救國,一度遭港府禁映,佢據理力爭後獲原裝公映;1936年又編導號召團結抗敵嘅《抵抗》,同年為抗議國民政府禁止方言電影而聯同業界北上請願,並拍出《人言可畏》(1936) 同《西湖女》(1937);1937年執導《邊防血淚》、1938年執導《公敵》,三片以抗日為題,合稱「抗戰三部曲」,喺南中國同南洋華人社會引起迴響。佢亦曾同鄺山笑合組山月影片公司,並喺美國同伍錦霞合導《金門女》(1941),該片以三藩市華人生活為題,係早期華人海外製作嘅例子。戰後返港續拍《復員淚》(1947)、《十載繁華一夢銷》(1952)、《落花流水》(1954),又與趙樹燊合導伊士曼七彩影片《關公月下釋貂蟬》(1956),1969年推出最後公映嘅導作《差利捉貓記》,此後退居幕後,集中整理早期華語電影嘅史料。1964年佢曾喺香港大會堂主講「世界電影事業演進史」,著作包括1932年出版嘅英文詩劇集《華鏡詩集》(A Chinese Mirror)、中文詩集《自鳴集》,以及1976年嘅回憶錄《中國銀壇外史》。八十年代末佢移居美國,1995年喺當地辭世。

English

Kwan Man-ching was born in 1894, with ancestral roots in Kaiping, Guangdong, and the courtesy name Shanyue; he studied in a traditional school before being sent to Hong Kong to learn English. He left for the United States in 1911, took a filmmaking course there, worked as an extra, and served as a technical adviser on D. W. Griffith's 'Broken Blossoms' (1919). Returning to China in 1920, he joined the China Sun Motion Picture Company and did the makeup on 'Rouge' (1925), the earliest recorded feature-length story film made in Hong Kong and an adaptation of a 'Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio' story. In 1931 he was hired as a director-writer at the Hong Kong branch of Lianhua, directing silent films such as 'The Heart of the Diamond Bone' (1931), 'Midnight Gunshots' (1932) and 'The Pearl in the Dark Room' (1933), and trained figures like Lee Tit and Wong Toi at its acting school. In 1933 he took films to San Francisco to raise funds for Lianhua, met the overseas Chinese producer Chiu Shu-sun, helped him found the Grandview company and co-directed the early Cantonese sound film 'Song of Love' (1933). His 1935 film 'Lifeline', urging railway construction to save the nation, was initially banned by the colonial government but released uncut after his protest; 'Resistance' (1936) and two later films formed a 'resistance trilogy'. He co-founded the Shanyue company, co-directed 'Golden Gate Girl' in the United States, kept shooting in post-war Hong Kong, released his last film in 1969, published the memoir 'An Unofficial History of the Chinese Film World' in 1976, and died in the United States in 1995.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

導演、演員

年期Active period

1920年代–1969年

代表作Notable works

《生命線》《抵抗》《中國銀壇外史》(回憶錄)

獎項及榮譽Awards & honours

香港電影先驅者之一

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-12

權威檔 Authority record

一個人一個穩定代號(slug)同呢幾項別名,跨頁統一引用;外連指向同一人物的權威出處。

  • Moon Kwan · name

    英文名

  • 善月 / Shan-yuet · variant

    別字

主要成就 Key Achievements

1919

於《殘花淚》任技術顧問

Served as technical adviser on 'Broken Blossoms'

1925

於香港首部故事長片《胭脂》擔任化妝

Did the makeup for 'Rouge', Hong Kong's first feature-length story film

1931

任聯華影業香港分廠編導,執導《鑽骨蘭心》

Became a director-writer at Lianhua's Hong Kong branch, directing 'The Heart of the Diamond Bone'

1935

執導宣揚鐵路救國的《生命線》

Directed 'Lifeline', advocating railway construction to save the nation

1936

編導抗敵題材《抵抗》,與後作合稱「抗戰三部曲」

Wrote and directed the anti-invasion film 'Resistance', later grouped into a 'resistance trilogy'

1976

出版回憶錄《中國銀壇外史》

Published his memoir 'An Unofficial History of the Chinese Film World'

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

關文清係香港電影草創期嘅關鍵人物之一,佢由荷里活片場學藝到返港執導默片,親身參與咗本地電影工業由無到有嘅階段。佢喺聯華香港分廠培訓出李鐵、黃岱等日後影壇中堅,對技術同人才嘅傳承有直接作用。佢嘅回憶錄《中國銀壇外史》亦為早期華語電影研究留下珍貴紀錄。

English

Kwan Man-ching was a key figure in Hong Kong cinema's earliest years, moving from Hollywood studio training to directing silent films in the city and taking part in the industry's rise from nothing. At Lianhua's Hong Kong branch he trained people such as Lee Tit and Wong Toi, who became mainstays of the trade, giving him a direct role in passing on skills and talent. His memoir remains a valuable record for the study of early Chinese-language cinema.

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