文化藝術人物 / Cultural figure

黎北海

Lai Pak-hoi

1909年–1935年

領域:藝術家

繁體中文

黎北海(1889年—1955年12月26日),廣東新會人,係香港默片年代嘅開拓者,後世稱佢做「香港電影之父」。佢同胞弟黎民偉都係本地最早一批投身電影製作嘅人。1909年,黎北海喺上海亞細亞影戲公司攝製嘅短片《偷燒鴨》中飾演警察,係香港人最早嘅銀幕演出之一。1913年,佢同胞弟黎民偉,聯同俄裔美國人布拉斯基合組華美影片公司,執導兼演出《莊子試妻》,呢部戲被視為香港第一部故事短片;戲中妻子一角由黎民偉反串,婢女一角由黎民偉妻子嚴珊珊飾演,嚴珊珊亦因此被視為中國第一位電影女演員。1921年7月12日,佢同黎海山、黎民偉一齊創辦新世界戲院,係香港首間全部由港人集資興建嘅新型戲院,本地放映業自此開始成形。1923年,黎氏兄弟以招股方式籌組民新製造影畫片有限公司,但政府遲遲唔批片廠用地,開廠計劃一直懸空,黎民偉惟有先到各地拍攝紀錄片,再移師廣州籌拍劇情片。1924年黎北海移居廣州,1925年執導長片《胭脂》,一般認為係中國第一部長故事片。1928年,佢創立香港影片公司,之後六年獨力支撐本地製片,先後開辦三班演員養成所,唐醒圖、胡戎、石友宇等人都係佢嘅學生。1931年聯華影片公司在香港設廠,民新併入聯華,黎北海獲委任為聯華香港分廠廠長,同時兼任「聯華演員養成所」所長及導師。1933年,佢同唐醒圖合資創辦中華製造聲默影片有限公司,先後執導香港第一部局部有聲片《良心》同全有聲片《傻仔洞房》;後者喺9月20日公映,由粵劇名丑廖夢覺同曲藝名伶黃佩瑛主演,係香港首部全有聲粵語電影,粵劇同粵曲藝人首次喺銀幕上開口演唱。1934年,佢喺中華影片公司執導《陳宮罵曹》同《薄幸》。因為屢次創辦電影事業耗盡家財,黎北海終於1935年退出影壇,轉營其他生意。1955年12月26日,佢喺廣州逝世,終年六十六歲。

English

Lai Pak-hoi (1889 – 26 December 1955), a native of Xinhui in Guangdong, was a pioneer of Hong Kong cinema whom later generations remembered as the 'Father of Hong Kong Film'. He and his younger brother Lai Man-wai were among the first people in the territory to take up filmmaking. In 1909 he played a policeman in the short 'Stealing a Roast Duck', made by the Shanghai-based Asia Film Company, one of the earliest screen performances by a Hongkonger. In 1913 he and Lai Man-wai, working with the Russian-American Benjamin Brodsky, formed the China-America Film Company and directed and appeared in 'Chuang Tzu Tests His Wife', regarded as Hong Kong's first narrative short; the wife was played in drag by Lai Man-wai, while his real wife Yim Saam-saam played the maid and is considered China's first film actress. On 12 July 1921 he joined Lai Hoi-shan and Lai Man-wai to found the New World Cinema, the first modern picture house in Hong Kong built entirely with local capital, marking the emergence of a local exhibition trade. In 1923 the brothers tried to float the Minxin Film Manufacturing Company, but the government withheld a site for a studio, so Lai Man-wai shot documentaries elsewhere before moving to Guangzhou to make features. Lai Pak-hoi moved to Guangzhou in 1924 and directed the feature 'Rouge' in 1925, generally considered China's first full-length feature. In 1928 he founded the Hong Kong Film Company and for the next six years kept local production alive largely on his own, running three acting schools whose students included Tong Sing-to, Wu Yung and Shek Yau-yu. When Lianhua set up a Hong Kong studio in 1931 and Minxin was absorbed into it, Lai became head of Lianhua's Hong Kong branch and principal of its actors' training school. In 1933 he and Tong Sing-to founded the China Sound-and-Silent Film Company and directed both Hong Kong's first partly-sound film, 'Conscience', and its first fully-sound film, 'The Idiot's Wedding Night', released on 20 September and starring the Cantonese opera comedians Liu Mung-kok and Wong Pui-ying, the first all-talking Cantonese picture made in the territory and the first time Cantonese opera and ballad performers sang on screen. In 1934 he directed 'Chen Gong Scolds Cao' and 'Fickle Fortune' for the China Film Company. Having drained his fortune through repeated ventures, he left the film industry in 1935 for other business, and died in Guangzhou on 26 December 1955, aged sixty-six.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

電影先驅、導演

年期Active period

1909年–1935年

代表作Notable works

《莊子試妻》《胭脂》

獎項及榮譽Awards & honours

香港電影之父

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-12

權威檔 Authority record

一個人一個穩定代號(slug)同呢幾項別名,跨頁統一引用;外連指向同一人物的權威出處。

  • Lai Bak-hoi · romanization

    英文名/拼音

主要成就 Key Achievements

1909

在《偷燒鴨》中飾演警察,為香港最早銀幕演出之一

Played a policeman in 'Stealing a Roast Duck', one of Hong Kong's earliest screen roles

1913

執導兼演出《莊子試妻》,被視為香港第一部故事短片

Directed and appeared in 'Chuang Tzu Tests His Wife', regarded as Hong Kong's first narrative short

1925

執導長片《胭脂》,一般認為係中國第一部長故事片

Directed the feature 'Rouge', widely considered China's first full-length feature

1933

創辦中華製造聲默影片公司,執導香港首部全有聲粵語片《傻仔洞房》

Founded the China Sound-and-Silent Film Company and directed Hong Kong's first fully-sound Cantonese film, 'The Idiot's Wedding Night'

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

黎北海由演出、製片、辦演員養成所到開戲院、辦公司,幾乎包攬咗香港電影由無到有嘅每一個環節。《莊子試妻》同《胭脂》確立咗以民間故事、戲曲入影嘅早期路線,帶出香港第一批電影工作者;佢開辦嘅養成所更培訓出唐醒圖等人,延續本地製片脈絡。

English

Lai Pak-hoi took part in almost every link of Hong Kong cinema's birth, from acting and production to running cinemas, studios and acting schools. 'Chuang Tzu Tests His Wife' and 'Rouge' set an early path of drawing on folk tales and opera, and brought out Hong Kong's first cohort of film workers, while the acting schools he ran trained figures such as Tong Sing-to and kept local production going.

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