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Long-form / 深度專題

逐科課程：中文、數學、科學與中史的綱要

Subject by subject: Chinese, mathematics, science and Chinese history syllabuses

同一科嘅課程綱要，幾時改過？改咗啲咩？

1950 年，中文科一度唔再係中學畢業會考必修；1973 年，小學數學整體轉十進制；1998 年，科學首次有中一至中三獨立綱要；2019 年，中史有修訂課程指引。逐科睇，每一科嘅改動都由唔同觸發點推動，唔可以當成同一條「課程改革」時間線。

約 5 分鐘 · 7 節 · 32 條時間線 · 14 份文獻

繁體中文

一、中文：考試地位先於課程內容

中文科嘅課程史，最先要講嘅唔係教咩文章，而係中文科喺考試制度裡嘅位置。1950 年 3 月 28 日，大學入學考試委員會宣布，由翌年起香港中學畢業會考取消中文科作為必修科目嘅安排；要到 1978 年 11 月 23 日，考試局才宣布由 1980 年度起，報考高等程度會考者須先在中學會考中文科及英文科取得 E 級或以上。中間二十幾年，中文科嘅課程地位同它嘅考試地位並不一致。

1968 年 10 月 22 日，教育司署向全港中小學發出《中文科教學研究委員會報告書》收集意見，報告建議中國語文科以培養閱讀興趣同理解能力為核心，並提出把中四、中五中文科分為中國語文同中國文化兩科；建議最後有冇落實，本站未逐頁核實。1996 年 3 月 7 日，教統會《第六號報告書》把普通話科納入中小學核心科目；2008 年 9 月 1 日，語常會公布四年支援安排，協助 132 所小學及 28 所中學以普通話教授中文。

二、中文科課程指引：2017 與 2023

2017 年，課程發展議會編訂《中國語文教育學習領域課程指引（小一至中六）》，由教育局建議學校採用，文件明確表示會取代 2002 年版本。呢個「取代」講法好重要：2002 年嘅八個學習領域指引，到 2017 年整批更新，唔係另加一份。

2023 年，課程發展議會再出版兩份分階段嘅科目課程指引：《中國語文課程指引（小一至小六）》同《中國語文課程指引（中一至中三）》。兩份指引嘅附錄都列出「建議篇章篇目（文言經典部分）」——即係話，文言唔止係「少量淺易」嘅點綴，而係有一份可查核嘅建議篇目。實際教邊幾篇、佔幾多課時，仍然由學校同教科書決定，本站未有逐校資料。

三、數學：由十進制到基本能力

1973 年 10 月 5 日，教育司署宣布小學數學課程整體轉用十進制，但為方便學童學習同生活實際需要，若干英制單位與中國傳統度量單位繼續沿用。呢個決定把數學課程同日常度量綁在一起：課程可以國際化，但街市仍然用斤両。

2000 年 9 月 28 日，教統會《香港教育制度改革建議》提出增設中文、英文、數學三科嘅基本能力評核；2004 年 7 月 2 日，全港性系統評估交由考評局執行，率先於小學三年級評核中文、英文同數學。2017 年，《數學教育學習領域課程指引（小一至中六）》由教育局建議學校採用。由十進制到基本能力，數學科嘅課程內容一直由「生活應用」同「公開評核」兩邊拉扯。

四、科學：綱要、學習領域、小學獨立成科

1998 年，課程發展議會就中一至中三發布《中學科學科課程綱要》；2002 年，科學教育學習領域課程指引出台，涵蓋小一至中三。2017 年，課程發展議會發表科學教育學習領域課程指引，涵蓋小一至中六——同一年嘅中文、數學指引一樣，都係八個學習領域整批更新嘅一部分。

小學階段嘅變化最大。2023 年 11 月 14 日，教育局通告第 18/2023 號公布開設小學科學科：全港小學由 2025/26 學年起，須在小一及小四級推行，並逐年推展；2025 年，通告第 13/2025 號公布《科學（小一至小六）課程指引》（2025）。科學由「學習領域裡面嘅一個科目」變成小學獨立科目，同時要配套教師培訓同實驗設備。

五、中國歷史：2019 年的一份課程指引

四科之中，中國歷史科嘅課程文件最少被公開討論。2019 年，課程發展議會編訂《中國歷史科課程指引（中一至中三）》，由教育局建議學校採用。指引分課程架構、課程規劃、學與教、評估、學與教資源幾章，封面只記年份。

呢一點要講清楚：本站只核實到「2019 年有呢份指引、由教育局建議學校採用」，至於學校由邊個學年開始教修訂後嘅課程、同舊課程點樣過渡，指引封面同目錄都冇交代，所以本篇唔寫。高中中國歷史科嘅課程及評估指引另有文件，本篇未逐頁核對，亦唔會同初中指引混為一談。

六、小學綜合科：常識、人文與科學的分合

1996 年，香港小學開設常識科，環境教育元素獲納入該科四個教學領域。2011 年，課程發展議會發布小學常識科課程指引，涵蓋小一至小六；2017 年再更新，六個學習範疇數目不變，並提升 STEM 教育。

2023 年 11 月，教育局以通告第 20/2023 號公布開設小學人文科：全港小學須於 2025/26 學年開始推行，建議由小一及小四開始；2025 年，通告第 12/2025 號公布《小學人文科課程指引》，由 2025/26 學年起適用。常識科原本承載嘅內容，部分由人文科承接，科學部分就獨立成科；但兩科嘅教師培訓同課時安排，仍然係學校層面嘅問題。

七、其他科目：學習領域與課程及評估指引

其他科目嘅課程文件，多數以「學習領域指引＋科目課程及評估指引」兩層並行。2017 年，《個人、社會及人文教育學習領域課程指引（小一至中六）》更新，同樣明言取代 2002 年版本；呢個領域包含歷史、地理、經濟、中國歷史等科目。2019 年，歷史科（中一至中三）另有課程指引。

高中階段嘅科目指引會隨課程檢討更新，但「更新日期」同「實施日期」要分開讀。《地理課程及評估指引（中四至中六）》原版 2007 年，2022 年 7 月更新；《經濟課程及評估指引（中四至中六）》同樣原版 2007 年，2025 年更新，並寫明由 2025/26 學年中四級開始適用；《中國語文課程及評估指引（中四至中六）》2021 年公布，由 2021/22 學年中四級起適用；《中國歷史課程及評估指引（中四至中六）》原版 2007 年、2015 年 11 月更新；《中國文學課程及評估指引（中四至中六）》2025 年修訂，由 2025/26 學年中四級起適用。同一份文件可以有兩個年份，引用時要講清楚邊個係首次公布、邊個係最後更新。

未解與缺口

  • 2019 年初中中國歷史科課程指引只記年份，冇寫實施學年；學校幾時開始教修訂後課程、點樣過渡，未逐頁核實，所以本篇唔寫。
  • 各科課程指引嘅逐頁內容（單元、課時、評估比重）未收錄；本篇講公布同修訂事件，唔講某一科嘅具體教法。
  • 1968 年《中文科教學研究委員會報告書》嘅建議有冇落實，未逐頁核實，所以只寫「曾經提出」。
  • 英文、企業會計與財務概論同其他選修科未在本篇展開；已收錄嘅科目亦只寫指引公布／更新，未逐頁核對單元、課時同評估比重。
  • 學校層面嘅實施差異（課時分配、教材選擇）同教科書選用準則，未有逐校或公開準則可查。
  • 2023 年兩份中文課程指引嘅封面只記年份，實施學年未在文件首頁標明，本篇唔推算。
  • 小學科學科同人文科「逐年推展至其他級別」嘅完整時間表，官方通告未逐年列明，本篇唔推算。
  • 1950 年之前個別科目嘅課程內容，只有零散條目，未成系統。

文獻點讀

  • 《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事）逐條頁碼見時間線（原書頁碼）1950 至 2017 年各科課程、考試同教材事件嘅日期、原文數字同頁碼。官方／出版者網址
  • 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育p.26、p.421、p.424、p.426、p.427環境教育、常識科同科學教育指引嘅記述。官方／出版者網址
  • 《中國語文教育學習領域課程指引（小一至中六）》（2017）PDF（無書頁）2017 年中文科學習領域指引，以及「取代 2002 年版本」嘅原文。官方／出版者網址
  • 《數學教育學習領域課程指引（小一至中六）》（2017）PDF（無書頁）2017 年數學教育學習領域指引嘅書名、年份同適用範圍。官方／出版者網址
  • 《中國語文課程指引（小一至小六）》（2023）PDF（無書頁）小學中文課程指引，以及附錄「建議篇章篇目（文言經典部分）」。官方／出版者網址
  • 《中國語文課程指引（中一至中三）》（2023）PDF（無書頁）初中中文課程指引，以及同一份建議篇章附錄。官方／出版者網址
  • 《中國歷史科課程指引（中一至中三）》（2019）PDF（無書頁）2019 年初中中國歷史科課程指引嘅書名、年份同章節結構。官方／出版者網址
  • 《個人、社會及人文教育學習領域課程指引（小一至中六）》（2017）PDF（無書頁）2017 年人文教育學習領域指引，以及「取代 2002 年版本」嘅原文。官方／出版者網址
  • 《歷史科課程指引（中一至中三）》（2019）PDF（無書頁）2019 年歷史科（中一至中三）課程指引嘅書名同年份。官方／出版者網址
  • 《地理課程及評估指引（中四至中六）》（二零零七年，二零二二年七月更新）PDF（無書頁）地理課程及評估指引：原版 2007 年、2022 年 7 月更新。官方／出版者網址
  • 《經濟課程及評估指引（中四至中六）》（二零零七年，二零二五年更新，由 2025/26 學年中四級開始適用）PDF（無書頁）經濟課程及評估指引：原版 2007 年、2025 年更新，2025/26 學年中四起適用。官方／出版者網址
  • 《中國語文課程及評估指引（中四至中六）》（2021，由 2021/22 學年中四級開始適用）PDF（無書頁）高中中文課程及評估指引：2021 年公布，2021/22 學年中四起適用。官方／出版者網址
  • 《中國歷史課程及評估指引（中四至中六）》（二零零七年，二零一五年十一月更新）PDF（無書頁）高中中史課程及評估指引：原版 2007 年、2015 年 11 月更新。官方／出版者網址
  • 《中國文學課程及評估指引（中四至中六）》（2025 年修訂，由 2025/26 學年中四級開始適用）PDF（無書頁）高中中國文學課程及評估指引：2025 年修訂，2025/26 學年中四起適用。官方／出版者網址

頁碼係電子書頁碼；同一本書不同版次可能移位。引用時請連書名、卷冊同頁碼一齊寫。

English

1. Chinese: examination status came before content

The history of Chinese as a school subject begins not with which texts were taught but with where the subject sat in the examination system. On 28 March 1950 the University Entrance Examination Committee announced that, from the following year, Chinese would no longer be a compulsory subject in the Hong Kong School Certificate Examination; only on 23 November 1978 did the Examinations Authority announce that, from 1980, candidates for the Higher Level Examination would first need Grade E or above in Chinese and English at the Certificate examination. For more than two decades the subject’s curricular status and its examination status did not match.

On 22 October 1968 the Education Department circulated the Report of the Committee on the Teaching of Chinese to all primary and secondary schools for comment; it recommended that Chinese take reading interest and comprehension as its core objective, and proposed splitting Secondary 4 and 5 Chinese into Chinese Language and Chinese Culture. Whether that proposal was implemented has not been checked page by page here. On 7 March 1996 the Education Commission’s Report No. 6 put Putonghua among the core subjects of primary and secondary schools; on 1 September 2008 the Standing Committee on Language Education and Research announced a four-year arrangement supporting 132 primary and 28 secondary schools teaching Chinese in Putonghua.

2. Chinese curriculum guides: 2017 and 2023

In 2017 the Curriculum Development Council prepared the Chinese Language Education Key Learning Area Curriculum Guide (Primary 1–Secondary 6), recommended for school adoption by the Education Bureau, and the document states that it replaces the 2002 version. That word matters: the eight key learning area guides of 2002 were updated as a batch in 2017, not supplemented one at a time.

In 2023 the Council published two stage-specific subject guides: the Chinese Language Curriculum Guide (Primary 1–6) and the Chinese Language Curriculum Guide (Secondary 1–3). Both appendices list recommended texts, including classical Chinese pieces — classical writing is no longer merely “a small amount of easy” material but has a checkable list of recommended works. Which texts are actually taught, and in how many lessons, remains a matter for schools and textbooks; no school-level data is available here.

3. Mathematics: from decimals to basic competencies

On 5 October 1973 the Education Department announced that the primary mathematics curriculum would switch entirely to the decimal system, while certain imperial units and traditional Chinese units of measurement would remain for pupils’ learning and practical daily needs. The decision tied the mathematics curriculum to everyday measurement: the syllabus could internationalise while the market still weighed in catties.

On 28 September 2000 the Education Commission’s reform proposals included basic competency assessments in Chinese, English and Mathematics; on 2 July 2004 the Territory-wide System Assessment was assigned to the HKEAA, starting with those three subjects at Primary 3. In 2017 the Mathematics Education Key Learning Area Curriculum Guide (Primary 1–Secondary 6) was recommended for school adoption. From decimals to basic competencies, mathematics content has been pulled between everyday application and public assessment.

4. Science: syllabus, key learning area, and a standalone primary subject

In 1998 the Curriculum Development Council issued the Science syllabus for Secondary 1 to 3; in 2002 the Science Education key learning area guide appeared, covering Primary 1 to Secondary 3. In 2017 the Council published a Science Education key learning area guide covering Primary 1 to Secondary 6 — part of the same batch update of eight key learning areas as the Chinese and mathematics guides that year.

Primary schooling changed most. On 14 November 2023 Education Bureau Circular No. 18/2023 announced Primary Science: from the 2025/26 school year all primary schools must implement it at Primary 1 and Primary 4 and extend it year by year; in 2025 Circular No. 13/2025 published the Science (Primary 1–6) Curriculum Guide (2025). Science moved from being a subject inside a key learning area to a standalone primary subject, with teacher training and laboratory equipment attached.

5. Chinese History: the 2019 curriculum guide

Among the four subjects, Chinese History has attracted the least public discussion of its curriculum documents. In 2019 the Curriculum Development Council prepared the Chinese History Curriculum Guide (Secondary 1–3), recommended for school adoption by the Education Bureau. It runs through curriculum structure, planning, learning and teaching, assessment and resources, and its cover records only the year.

That limit should be stated plainly: this dossier verifies only that the guide exists, is dated 2019 and was recommended for school adoption. Which school year schools began teaching the revised course, and how the transition from the old curriculum was handled, are not stated on the cover or in the contents, so they are not written here. The senior secondary Chinese History curriculum and assessment guide is a separate document, not checked page by page here, and is not conflated with the junior secondary guide.

6. Primary integrated subjects: General Studies, Humanities and Science

In 1996 Hong Kong primary schools introduced General Studies, with environmental education placed among its four learning areas. In 2011 the Curriculum Development Council published a General Studies guide for Primary 1 to 6; it was updated in 2017 with the six learning strands unchanged and STEM education strengthened.

In November 2023 the Education Bureau announced Primary Humanities through Circular No. 20/2023: all primary schools must implement it from the 2025/26 school year, recommended at Primary 1 and Primary 4; in 2025 Circular No. 12/2025 published the Primary Humanities Curriculum Guide, applying from 2025/26. Part of what General Studies carried is taken up by Humanities, while the science portion becomes a standalone subject — but teacher training and timetable arrangements remain a school-level question.

7. Other subjects: key learning areas and curriculum guides

Most other subjects run on two layers of documents: a key learning area guide and a subject-specific curriculum and assessment guide. In 2017 the Personal, Social and Humanities Education Key Learning Area Curriculum Guide (Primary 1–Secondary 6) was updated and likewise states that it replaces the 2002 version; the area covers History, Geography, Economics and Chinese History, among others. In 2019 History gained its own curriculum guide for Secondary 1–3.

At senior secondary level, subject guides are updated through curriculum reviews, but the date of update and the date of implementation must be read separately. The Geography Curriculum and Assessment Guide (Secondary 4–6) was first published in 2007 and updated in July 2022; the Economics guide was likewise first published in 2007, updated in 2025, and states that it applies from Secondary 4 in the 2025/26 school year; the Chinese Language guide was published in 2021 and applies from Secondary 4 in 2021/22; the Chinese History guide was first published in 2007 and updated in November 2015; the Chinese Literature guide was revised in 2025 and applies from Secondary 4 in 2025/26. A single document can carry two years, so a citation must say which is first publication and which is the latest update.

Gaps

  • The 2019 junior secondary Chinese History guide records only the year and no implementation year; when schools began teaching the revised course and how the transition worked have not been checked page by page, so they are not written here.
  • The page-level content of each guide (units, lesson time, assessment weighting) is not included; this dossier covers publication and revision events, not how a subject is taught.
  • Whether the recommendations of the 1968 Report of the Committee on the Teaching of Chinese were implemented has not been checked page by page, so the dossier only says they were proposed.
  • English, Business, Accounting and Financial Studies and other electives are not covered here; for the subjects included, only publication and update events are recorded, not units, lesson time or assessment weighting.
  • Differences in school-level implementation (timetable allocation, textbook choice) and textbook selection criteria are not available school by school or as public rules.
  • The two 2023 Chinese guides record only the year on their covers, and no implementation year on the front matter, so none is calculated here.
  • The full timetable for extending Primary Science and Humanities year by year is not set out level by level in the official circulars, so no year of full implementation is calculated.
  • Curriculum content by subject before 1950 survives only in scattered entries and is not systematic.

相關頁

引用本篇：請連標題、網址同「香港紀事館深度專題」一齊寫；時間線內每條條目仍以原書頁碼為準。

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