Chronicle Archive / 志錄
Hong Kong Chronicle Archive · undated entries
以下條目原文冇西曆年份（例如只記年號或朝代），故不列入時間軸，但同樣有官方來源同頁碼。 未繫年條目共 7718 條，每頁 200 條，呢度係第 26 / 39 頁。
These entries carry no Gregorian year in the source (e.g. only an era name), so they sit outside the timeline — but each still has an official source and page number. There are 7718 of them, 200 per page; this is page 26 of 39.
逐年條目見 志錄索引；志錄總數 36501 條。 Dated entries live in the archive index; the archive holds 36501 entries in total.
Undated entries, page 26
引用每條都可以引用：按條目下面嘅「引用呢條」，可以揀中文腳註／中文參考書目／APA／Chicago 四種格式並複製。 書名、出版者、年份同頁碼一律由已登記來源同生成檔派生，頁面一條都唔會手寫；年份取來源登記嘅出版年， 來源未登記出版年嘅，引文改用查閱日期並寫明。
Every entry is citable. Press “Cite this entry” for a Chinese footnote, Chinese bibliography, APA or Chicago note — all derived from the registered source and the generated archive, never hand-written. If a registered source has no publication year, the citation prints the access date and says so.
《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（查閱日期 2026-10-18），頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/26#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/26#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·自然》自然環境 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·自然》自然環境（查閱日期 2026-10-18），頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/26#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/26#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Environmental Protection and Conservation
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（查閱日期 2026-10-18），頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/26#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Environmental Protection and Conservation (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/26#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事） Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events)
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事），2020，頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/26#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute (2020). Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events) (p. 〈頁碼〉). /chronicle/archive/undated/26#〈條目編號〉
Substitute the entry’s page number and ID (shown as 〈頁碼〉／〈條目編號〉) into the pattern above. The same templates, plus rules and limits, are in the citation block of /api/v1/archive.json.
The zoologist Michel considered Hong Kong to lie at the boundary between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, and speculated that ancient rainforests once contained large mammals such as elephants, rhinoceroses and wolves.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.227
Du Shiya published a booklet for the programme entitled "Clean Air and Lichens" as teaching material for schools.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.546
A fossil specimen was found at Lai Chi Chong many years ago, preserving only the rear half of the body, with an estimated complete length of 4 to 5 centimetres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.127
Most rare ferns grow within country parks or beside remote, inaccessible hill streams, so the likelihood of damage is relatively low.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.476
The Ngo Mei Chau Formation is estimated to be over 450 metres thick.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.106
Schefflera octophylla completed flowering and fruiting in that winter, greatly shortening the time required for maturation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.237
After the end of the Second World War, most secondary forest in Hong Kong originated from grassland through natural succession, a process taking about 30 to 40 years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.252
Part of the sedimentary rocks of the Permian Tai Po Hoi Formation formed in a shallow shoal environment.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.172
The main outcrops of the Permian Tai Po Hoi Formation are distributed around Ma Shi Chau and Yau Chau in Tolo Harbour.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.96
The Permian Tai Po Sea Formation is the youngest rock formation in Hong Kong's Palaeozoic stratigraphic sequence.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.96
From the Permian onwards, gymnosperms gradually replaced ferns in dominating the land.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.480
The Permian period marks the earliest record of gymnosperm fossils in Hong Kong, with Ginkgoites fujianensis unearthed on A Chau.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.143
In the early 1980s, an infestation of pine wood nematode caused many local Masson's pines in Hong Kong to die successively, resulting in widespread tree loss.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.499
In the early twentieth century, residents of New Territories villages still commonly kept bees, for purposes of pest control and making medicines.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.392
In the early twentieth century, geologists first discovered marine ammonite and bivalve fossils in the rocks of the Tolo Channel Formation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.97
In the mid-20th century, Hong Kong mainly mined galena, wolframite, magnetite, graphite, quartz, feldspar and kaolin.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.98
As the rainy season has been delayed in the twenty-first century, the tree-planting period has been changed to April to June, and planting after June is avoided.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.87
After the end of World War II, Hong Kong introduced several exotic broadleaf trees, among which eucalyptus, red gum, and paperbark were earlier planted species.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.65
After the end of the Second World War, only the southern side of Hong Kong Island had shrubs, while only a small amount of woodland remained near Victoria Peak and Mount Nicholson.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.65
After the Second World War, Hong Kong's afforestation used three exotic tree species as the mainstay, resulting in a low number of tree species and, consequently, rather limited habitats and food supplies for other species, making it difficult to promote biodiversity.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.68
Calcite is formed by recrystallisation of veins and is commonly found near carbonate rocks.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.187
Calcite occurs as aggregates of platy crystals in the Ma On Shan skarn.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.187
Embioptera, Zygentoma, Mecoptera and Archaeognatha each have one family in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.374
The African giant snail is a common invasive alien terrestrial mollusc in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.425
Protoreaster nodosus is commonly found around Tolo Harbour, and some individuals have only four arms.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.429
The thin layers of chert and siltstone seen at Fei Ngo Shan are also inferred to have formed by a similar mechanism.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.173
Zeolites are found only in the sedimentary rocks of Tung Ping Chau, forming radiating rosette-like aggregates.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.188
Cordyceps jiangxiensis, distributed at elevations of 400 to 500 metres on Tai Mo Shan, is a parasitic fungus of a species of large green click beetle.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.543
In Hong Kong, 95 species of Oligochaeta belonging to 4 families and 3 orders have been recorded.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.445
The dolomitic siltstone of Late Cretaceous age distributed in the northeastern New Territories gives rise to soils of low fertility.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.195
The volcanic rocks distributed around Yan Chau Tong, Wang Wan Chau and Kat O are likewise classified as the Tai Mo Shan Formation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.103
Molecular analysis reclassifies Osmunda? as a hybrid of Osmunda japonica and Osmunda?.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.476
The Fanling Formation is concentrated on land and lacks marine geophysical survey data.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.113
The Fanling Formation is composed of a mixture of alluvium and colluvium.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.113
Common animals on sheltered rocky shores include Monodonta, Lunella coronata granulata, Cellana toreuma and Reishia clavigera.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.282
Common sessile species on closed rocky shores include Saccostrea cucullata and Barbatia virescens.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.282
Deeper weathering layers are often associated with faults, which allow deeper groundwater penetration.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.217
The weathered granite has an average grain size of 0.57 mm, a porosity of 0.646, and a tangent of the shear resistance angle of 0.694.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.187
The weathered rhyolite has an average grain size of 0.03 mm, a porosity of 0.726, and a tangent of the shear resistance angle of 0.596.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.187
The contact surface between weathered soil and marble is uneven, with many steep cliffs.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
Feng shui woods are mostly located at low altitude, small and scattered in area, with fewer total bryophyte species than montane forests.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.461
Feng shui woods may preserve remnants of primary forest and are mostly located in steep ravines or behind traditional villages.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.130
In the fung shui wood, plant families such as Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Rosaceae and Theaceae occupy similar proportions of the woodland.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.253
The vegetation in fung shui woods is well maintained, and rare tropical species such as Pterobryopsis and various epiphyllous liverworts can still be found.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.461
At Fung Wong Wat there is a layer of white coarse-grained sandstone close to 20 metres thick, containing cross-bedding with a dip of about 30 degrees.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.92
The palaeosol profile seen in the Fung Wong Wat area consists predominantly of mudstone, with colour grading from reddish brown to dark reddish brown.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.93
Fissidens is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, and Hong Kong has nearly half of the country's 58 species, a proportion of 48.3%.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.458
Fung Yuen ranks fourth, with its main habitats being woodland and farmland, the species of concern being Aristolochia indica, and a score of 2.30.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.59
Vesuvianite is mainly found in the Sha Lo Wan skarn, often coexisting with garnet.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.186
The apple snail is now commonly found in many freshwater habitats in the New Territories, posing harm to local aquatic plants and the biodiversity of wetland ecosystems.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.495
Soils rich in kaolin have a lower ion exchange capacity than other soils because of their crystal structure.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.200
The plant specimens later received by the herbarium came from places including Korea, as well as Fujian, Shandong, Hunan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Ningbo, Taiwan and Hainan.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.490
The herbarium's initial collection consisted mostly of Ford's private specimens.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.490
The strike of this discontinuity is roughly consistent with the centreline of the Lianhuashan fault zone.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.89
The strata there consist of alternating quartzose sandstone, fine-grained sandstone and siltstone, with occasional intercalations of white quartz conglomerate.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.92
Woodland, seashore, lakes and ponds are distributed nearby, suitable for ecological investigation and geomorphological field studies.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.478
The coastal cliffs there expose a complete stratigraphic sequence, with steep strata in the southeast and strata folded into anticlines and synclines in the west.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.92
The mine there also formerly extracted alkali feldspar and plagioclase from a large vein formed by weathering.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.140
The missionary transplanted the Bauhinia to the Pok Fu Lam Sanatorium, which is today's Béthanie.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.497
The marble contains no fossils, and its contact boundaries with the overlying and underlying strata have not yet been clarified.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
The formation contains Late Devonian plant fossils and is therefore classified as the Wong Chuk Kok Tsui Formation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.93
The conglomerate and sandstone layers in this formation generally exhibit graded bedding and cross-bedding, with sediments mainly derived from a fluvial environment.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.93
The overall thickness of the rock strata at this site reaches more than 200 metres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.95
The landform contains a karst zone about 30 metres thick, within which karst development is extremely irregular.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
The area is mainly composed of light to dark grey phyllite, metamorphic sandstone and siltstone.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.95
The museum allows free public admission and educates visitors about firefly conservation.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.477
The foundation also established a management plan and monitoring programme for Mai Po.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.142
The foundation conducts research, public education, and habitat management at the Mai Po Reserve for resident and migratory birds.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.343
This fossil specimen from Lai Chi Chong has been kept by the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.127
The country park also supports a variety of birds, butterflies, dragonflies and insects.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.104
The upper part of the mine is mainly composed of weathered silty sandstone, while the lower part is dominated by graphitic siltstone.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.95
The content of these two geological maps is more detailed than previous versions, showing not only the distribution of volcanic, intrusive and sedimentary rocks but also further subdividing the Quaternary rock surface layer.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.229
The two formations may be separated by a thrust fault, or the entire rock sequence may have been overturned by tectonic activity.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.92
The geological record preserved in this batch of rocks spans about 150 million years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.90
The geological record preserved in this batch of rocks spans approximately 150 million years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.91
This erosion surface may have resulted from in-situ erosion and channel incision.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.115
During this period, marine sedimentary rock formations formed, mainly consisting of siltstone and mudstone, with abundant fossils.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.85
The surface currents at the four locations reach their highest speeds from April to August, a phenomenon related to the abundant summer rainfall in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Estuary.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.494
The survey selected 52 representative soil profiles within Hong Kong and collected over 300 soil samples.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.176
This joint study analysed the fertility, chemical composition, and trace elements of Hong Kong soils.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.176
The study identified twelve previously undescribed species of hyphomycetes, four of which belong to newly established genera.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.529
The study also recorded two previously undescribed new genera and twelve new species.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.529
The rock has indistinct bedding and is mainly composed of white quartz sandstone, purple siltstone, and quartzite.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.93
The study confirmed that the population of Liu's small tree frog at Ngong Ping on Lantau Island is the largest in Hong Kong, and therefore proposed conservation measures for the site.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.170
The study further divided the soils into 29 soil series based on drainage conditions.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.178
The study shows that among monocotyledons, the proportion rated as rare is 38.7%, higher than the 29.7% for dicotyledons.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.510
The study shows that over half of Hong Kong soil samples have a fertility index at the lower-middle level.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.206
The study delineated 9 soil associations based on parent rock, topography and physical properties.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.178
The study is based on a set of Chinese soil taxonomy keys, and the classification method adopted differs from the international classification used in the 1960s.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.176
引用名稱作品 《中國土壤系統分類檢索》（the Keys to Chinese Soil Taxonomy）
The rock formation exhibits significant soft-sediment deformation, with clear slump folds and displacement structures.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.96
The centre studies two species of cultured pearl oysters: Pteria penguin and Pinctada margaritifera.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.418
Andradite is commonly found in the skarn of Ma On Shan, with grain sizes of 2 to 5 millimetres, appearing dark reddish-brown.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.185
Newly hatched horseshoe crabs are only about 0.5 cm in body length, and their juveniles inhabit sandy-mud intertidal zones for about ten years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.401
After years of trials, the Hong Kong Government settled in the late 19th century on an arrangement of planting forests from January to May each year when rainfall is plentiful.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.87
The Hong Kong Government has also designated 22 special areas and 72 sites of special scientific interest to protect species and landscapes of higher terrestrial ecological value.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.90
In their article 'Vascular Plants of Hong Kong: Distribution and Status', Richard Corlett and others recorded a total of 558 species of monocotyledons in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.510
High-speed vessels and reclamation works reduce the activity space and time of Chinese white dolphins in the waters of Lantau Island.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.276
Grant adopted the classification proposed by Marbut in 1927 and divided Hong Kong soils into six great soil groups.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.177
Grant took Hong Kong soil research as the topic of his doctoral thesis.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.175
Grant pointed out that the silica-alumina ratio of Hong Kong soils is greater than 2.0, unlike the 1.0 of typical laterite, and disputed the classification.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.176
The number of clams collected monthly from individual sandy mudflats is estimated at up to 60,000.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.425
Under the Forestry Regulations, the public is prohibited from selling and possessing 21 protected species of rare or frequently collected plants, and the regulations also regulate the keeping of goats.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.174
According to Table 4-4, the Chai Wan sample has a permeability of 1×10-6 m/s in the saturated state, which drops to 3×10-9 m/s after applying 100 kPa of pressure.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.191
According to Table 4-4, the permeability of the Butterfly Valley sample under saturated conditions ranges from 10-4 to 10-6 m/s, while under a pressure of 100 kPa it is recorded as 10-10 m/s.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.191
According to Table 4-4, the permeability value of the Nam Long Shan sample in the saturated state is 5×10-8 m/s, falling to 2×10-10 m/s after a pressure of 100 kPa is applied.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.191
According to Table 4-4, the Shau Kei Wan sample has a permeability of 10-7 m/s in the saturated state, which drops to 10-9 m/s after applying 100 kPa of pressure.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.191
According to the stratigraphic data of the Po Lo section, horizontal reflections can be observed, and reflections at the margin overlap with those at the centre of the channel.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.117
Based on geophysical survey data from samples of the Tung Chung Formation collected at Yam O Wan and Tai Lam Kok on Lantau Island, its sedimentary layers show an ideal structure.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.114
According to controlled experiment results, five types of tadpoles in Hong Kong were placed in environments with and without mosquitofish, and four of them showed a significantly lower survival rate in the presence of mosquitofish.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.312
According to observations from the two monitoring stations, wave directions are mostly concentrated in the south and southeast.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.498
It is estimated that the Pat Sin Leng Formation covers an area of about 30 square kilometres, and the formation is about 500 metres thick.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.107
The Tai Mo Shan Formation is estimated to have an overall thickness of about 600 metres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.103
It is estimated that the Yim Tin Tsai Formation around Tolo Harbour is about 200 metres thick and lies conformably over the sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic Tolo Channel Formation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.102
It is estimated that the Yim Tin Tsai Formation reaches a thickness of about 300 metres in western Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.102
Under the regulations, within marine parks and marine reserves, all power-driven vessels must not travel at a speed exceeding 10 knots per hour.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.108
According to the fossil record, the strata on the eastern side of the Tolo Channel area are mainly Middle Devonian in age, while those on the western side near Plover Cove are Early Devonian.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.92
According to records, there are about 238 species of mosses in Hong Kong, of which 16 may already be extinct locally, accounting for 4.1% of all species.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.463
According to records, Hong Kong has over 120 native orchid species, of which 7 have disappeared locally and 6 more may also be extinct.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.178
According to records, no fewer than 400 species of basidiomycetes have been found in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.544
According to records, 19,387 species of lichen have been described worldwide, while over 3,000 species have been found in China.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.546
According to records, 572 species of wild birds have occurred in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.238
According to recent molecular taxonomic findings, the lycophytes comprising the Lycopodiaceae, Isoetaceae and Selaginellaceae have been excluded from the ferns.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.468
According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the sickle-waisted crab has been listed as an endangered species.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.270
According to a study in Taiwan, the spawning peak of stony corals at Green Island is concentrated from April to June each year, when the monthly mean seawater temperature rises rapidly from 26°C to 29°C.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.250
According to statistics, more than 200 butterfly species have been recorded at Fung Yuen, equivalent to about 90% of Hong Kong's total butterfly species.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.476
According to statistics, China has 2,147 species of lycophytes and ferns, plus 5 subspecies and 118 varieties, accounting for about 19% of the world's total for these plants.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.471
It is inferred that the Lianhuashan Fault Zone formed during the Mesozoic.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.81
According to current records, 58 species of saprophytic fungi have been identified on bamboo plants in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.529
Based on the relevant geological records, it can be inferred that the area where the Sham Wat Formation was deposited was a subtropical forest zone.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.116
Under Hong Kong's Forestry Regulations, Amentotaxus argotaenia and Keteleeria fortunei are both protected species and are recognized as locally rare and precious plants.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.486
According to Hong Kong records, the number of local freshwater shrimp species is about eight, dominated by two main groups.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.416
引用名稱學名 匙指蝦科（Atyidae）（Atyidae）、學名 長臂蝦科（Palaemonidae）（Palaemonidae）
According to Hong Kong records, there are 3 species of Strepsiptera belonging to 2 families.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.374
According to Hong Kong's coral records, there are over 84 species of stony corals, of which 64 can be found at Hoi Ha Wan, making it the richest coral community location in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.109
According to Hong Kong government records, black tungsten ore was once found at Sha Lo Wan.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.119
According to records of the Hong Kong Herbarium, at least 2,190 species of dicotyledons belonging to 166 families have been found locally.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.496
According to the research results, the mean bulk density of soil in several urban areas of Hong Kong reaches 1650 kg/m3, while the highest value can exceed 2200 kg/m3.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.192
Based on lithology, the Ma On Shan Formation and the Yuen Long Formation are estimated to be contemporaneous.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
According to survey records of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, a plantation area at Siu Lang Shui once gathered about 45,000 danaine butterflies at the winter peak, making it a key overwintering site for them.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.171
According to U/Pb dating, the age obtained for the Chek Lap Kok granite is 160.4±0.3 million years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.162
According to U/Pb dating, the age obtained for the Cape D'Aguilar rhyolite is 151.9±0.2 million years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.162
Cultivated soils have higher calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sulphur content than natural soils.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.198
Engineering boreholes commonly find rocks of the Mai Po Member overlying the marble of the Yuen Long Formation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.95
Engineering boreholes are the only way the Ma On Shan Formation has been found, as this formation does not outcrop at the surface.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
The Chinese medaka is commonly found in rice paddies, hence its name 'rice fish'.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.312
The Oryzias curvinotus is the only recorded native secondary freshwater fish in Hong Kong, commonly known as the rice fish.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.308
The source places supplying seeds and plants include mainland China, Japan, Belgium, as well as New Zealand, Australia, Singapore and the Philippines.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.515
Gong Zitong lists 14 soil orders in 'Chinese Soil Taxonomy'.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.178
The cementing material making up the rock mainly includes minerals such as quartz, feldspar and mica.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.96
Rapid changes in the palaeoenvironment and palaeotopography produced the characteristic of rapidly changing rock sequences in the Mai Po Member.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.95
The Palaeozoic Era extends from 542 million years ago to 251 million years ago.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.83
During the Palaeozoic, the Tai Po Sea Formation is a typical example of marine clastic sedimentary rock; by the Jurassic, the Chek Mun Formation became the representative of such rocks.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.170
Lycopodiaceae, Marattiaceae, and Psilotaceae, which appeared in the Palaeozoic, are ancient branches covered by Hong Kong's ferns.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.471
Fossil records of ferns date back to the middle Silurian of the Palaeozoic, about 410 million years ago.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.467
Regarding the erosion surface between the Sham Wat Formation and the Chek Lap Kok Formation, its age and origin remain uncertain in several respects.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.115
The Kwun Yam Shan hotspot is located in the Tate's Cairn area, with only a very small part of its extent lying outside protected areas.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.464
Near the summit of Kwun Yam Shan there are several caves that have long emitted warm air.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.62
Uca crabs prefer soft mud and occur relatively frequently in the western waters of Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.416
The museum houses a day-night reversal room, display panels, microscopes and terrariums.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.477
The fungus Daldinia concentrica can be found both on decaying trees in the wild and on timber inside dwellings.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.543
A magnitude 4.8 earthquake was recorded in Heyuan, Guangdong, and over 5,000 Hong Kong residents reported feeling the tremor.
來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事）（香港地方志中心） · p.681
When feeding, Caridina cantonensis uses its first two pairs of chelate pereiopods to scrape and collect organic matter and algae from rock or dead leaf surfaces.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.417
Caridina cantonensis is a common freshwater shrimp species in Hong Kong streams, with densities exceeding 100 individuals per square meter.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.416
Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, is located to the northwest of Hong Kong at a distance of over 190 kilometres, and the vegetation there is quite similar to Hong Kong's native forest communities.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.251
BirdLife International lists Tai Po Kau, Shing Mun and Tai Mo Shan as Important Bird Areas, and the Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve is also located within this region.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.350
The sediments of the Kwo Chau section are composed of sand containing mud and mixed with fragments of bivalves, gastropods and echinoids.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.117
The Kwo Chau Member is a Holocene formation distributed in the southeast, with lithology of interbedded sandy silt and clayey silt.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.117
The Kwo Chau section belongs to a set of marine transgression sand beds, concentrated in the southeastern and southern waters and gradually thinning towards the west and north.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.117
The Kwo Chau member is composed of mud and contains moderate to coarse shell and sand grains.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.116
Over the past 30 years, the Chinese bitterling and Lin's small carp have had no native wild records in Hong Kong and are almost certainly locally extinct.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.321
Past studies did not cover Barbula unguiculata, Hyophila involuta, Weissia controversa and Bryum argenteum, leading these four species to be judged once as extinct.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.463
Over the past few decades, the continued decline of agricultural activity and the gradual disappearance of rice fields have caused a sharp drop in the wild population of the Chinese medaka.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.321
Over the past few decades, due to continuous coastal development, mudflats have gradually shrunk, causing horseshoe crabs to lose much of their habitat, and their numbers have continued to decline.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.286
The marine areas of marine parks and marine reserves total 34 square kilometres, equivalent to 3,400 hectares.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.108
Fern diversity increases with elevation, and woodlands at higher elevations generally have a greater number of species.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.472
After a sea cucumber ejects its Cuvierian tubules, it can regenerate and return to its original state in about five weeks.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.429
Seagrass beds can be found at San Tau on Lantau Island, Pak Nai at Lau Fau Shan, and areas such as Lai Chi Wo and Tolo Harbour.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.277
The area of seagrass beds changes with environmental differences between winter and summer.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.291
Seagrass is distributed in several locations in southwestern Hong Kong, including Shui Tau, Tai Ho, Nim Shue Wan and Sunny Bay.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.292
Seagrasses spread outwards through horizontal branches to achieve asexual reproduction.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.291
Hyde obtained funding at the University of Hong Kong to establish a culture collection and gathered over 8,000 fungal strains.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.527
Hyde established an industrial strain preservation centre at the University of Hong Kong named the University of Hong Kong Culture Collection, and collected over 8,000 fungal strains.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.526
Wave impact on rocks creates a water-pump effect, forcing seawater out through cracks or blowholes.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.65
The Hainan stream snail is relatively widely distributed in Hong Kong's rivers and streams.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.424
The Hainan Current is classified as a tropical current, affecting Hong Kong waters throughout the year, with its impact most prominent in summer.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.492
The salinity of the Hainan Current reaches about 34.5‰, with surface water temperature rising to a maximum of 29°C, while at a depth of 300 metres the temperature falls to 12°C.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.492
Macrobrachium hainanense, Caridina cantonensis and Caridina trifasciata all adopt the same reproductive mode, the purpose of which is to reduce the likelihood of larvae being carried away by rapid currents.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.249
The breeding season of Macrobrachium hainanense is from May to June each year.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.416
Macrobrachium hainanense is the most common long-armed prawn in Hong Kong, mainly inhabiting pools in hill streams.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.416
A fall in sea level or an increase in river discharge is generally the cause of channel incision.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.115
Sea level rise may be one of the causes of in situ erosion.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.115
Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park recorded 60 species of stony corals, attracting visitors to participate in snorkeling activities to observe these corals.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.100
Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park has three anchoring areas, two no-motorized-vessel zones, and one no-inboard-engine-vessel zone.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.108
Hoi Ha Wan has recorded 64 species of coral and over 120 species of coral-associated fish.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.136
Hoi Ha Wan is both a marine park and a site of special scientific interest.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.136
Hoi Ha Wan is home to over 120 species of coral-associated fish and various marine invertebrates.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.109
Hoi Ha Wan supports a rich mangrove community, with six of the eight true mangrove species recorded in Hong Kong found there.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.109
The artificial reefs in Hoi Ha Wan and Yan Chau Tong Marine Parks were deployed by the Agriculture and Fisheries Department in the late 1990s to curb trawling activities.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.137
Starfish have the ability to regrow lost arms and to restore damaged parts, and a severed arm can gradually grow back.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.429
The fossil discovered by Han Lei was the first fossil in Hong Kong's history and the first marine sedimentary ammonite fossil found in southeastern China.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.226
Ho Chung, Hoi Ha, To Kwa Peng and Sheung Sze Wan are all within the distribution range of seagrass in eastern Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.292
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