石英溶解形成矽酸,能溶蝕多種礦物,提高泥土酸度並衍生劣地地貌。
Quartz dissolution forms silicic acid, which can dissolve various minerals, increasing soil acidity and giving rise to badland landforms.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.215
Chronicle Archive / 志錄
Hong Kong Chronicle Archive · undated entries
以下條目原文冇西曆年份(例如只記年號或朝代),故不列入時間軸,但同樣有官方來源同頁碼。 未繫年條目共 7718 條,每頁 200 條,呢度係第 30 / 39 頁。
These entries carry no Gregorian year in the source (e.g. only an era name), so they sit outside the timeline — but each still has an official source and page number. There are 7718 of them, 200 per page; this is page 30 of 39.
逐年條目見 志錄索引;志錄總數 36501 條。 Dated entries live in the archive index; the archive holds 36501 entries in total.
Undated entries, page 30
引用每條都可以引用:按條目下面嘅「引用呢條」,可以揀中文腳註/中文參考書目/APA/Chicago 四種格式並複製。 書名、出版者、年份同頁碼一律由已登記來源同生成檔派生,頁面一條都唔會手寫;年份取來源登記嘅出版年, 來源未登記出版年嘅,引文改用查閱日期並寫明。
Every entry is citable. Press “Cite this entry” for a Chinese footnote, Chinese bibliography, APA or Chicago note — all derived from the registered source and the generated archive, never hand-written. If a registered source has no publication year, the citation prints the access date and says so.
《香港志·自然》自然環境 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment
中文腳註香港地方志中心,《香港志·自然》自然環境(查閱日期 2026-10-18),頁 〈頁碼〉,/chronicle/archive/undated/30#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/30#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology
中文腳註香港地方志中心,《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(查閱日期 2026-10-18),頁 〈頁碼〉,/chronicle/archive/undated/30#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/30#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Environmental Protection and Conservation
中文腳註香港地方志中心,《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(查閱日期 2026-10-18),頁 〈頁碼〉,/chronicle/archive/undated/30#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Environmental Protection and Conservation (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/30#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·總述 大事記》(公元前 5000 年至 2017 年,共 6,500 多條大事) Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events)
中文腳註香港地方志中心,《香港志·總述 大事記》(公元前 5000 年至 2017 年,共 6,500 多條大事),2020,頁 〈頁碼〉,/chronicle/archive/undated/30#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute (2020). Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events) (p. 〈頁碼〉). /chronicle/archive/undated/30#〈條目編號〉
Substitute the entry’s page number and ID (shown as 〈頁碼〉/〈條目編號〉) into the pattern above. The same templates, plus rules and limits, are in the citation block of /api/v1/archive.json.
Quartz dissolution forms silicic acid, which can dissolve various minerals, increasing soil acidity and giving rise to badland landforms.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.215
Invasive species such as the mosquitofish have established stable populations in major reservoirs across Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.312
Historical records note that wild elephants were common in Guangdong prefectures such as Chaozhou and Xunzhou during the Tang dynasty.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.227
Global fungal diversity is estimated at between 2.2 million and 3.8 million species, yet only 120,000 species have been recorded worldwide to date.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.523
The World Spider Catalog records a global total of 50,000 accepted and confirmed spider species.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.395
The World Wide Fund for Nature Hong Kong is responsible for the management of the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.123
WWF Hong Kong collaborates with multiple wetland reserves along the Chinese coast to study critically endangered species such as the Chinese crested tern and the spoon-billed sandpiper.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.343
The World Wide Fund for Nature divides the world's land and freshwater areas into eight biogeographic realms and 867 ecoregions.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.231
In urban areas, farmland, grassy slopes, shrubland and fung shui woods, fewer than 3.5 moss species were recorded per quadrat on average.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.462
Habitats such as urban areas, farmland, grassy slopes and shrubland recorded an average of fewer than 3.5 species per quadrat; forest averaged 18.4 species, the highest among all habitat types.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.461
Planting soils in urban parks and similar areas are severely deficient in organic carbon, and litter fails to return to the soil.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.203
The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of organic matter in urban soils is mostly higher than ten, indicating active biological nitrogen fixation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.203
Organic matter in urban soils decreases due to human activities such as trampling.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.203
The categories of protected species are no longer limited to vertebrates but now also include invertebrates, and extend to species involved in international trade.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.26
Owing to rising temperatures, invasive plants such as Mikania micrantha and Lantana camara can spread to higher elevations in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.226
Influenced by Pearl River discharge and ocean currents, Chinese white dolphins are concentrated in western Hong Kong waters, while corals are concentrated in eastern and northeastern waters.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.221
The two sides cooperated to carry out a systematic survey and classification of soils across Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.176
Paddy field wetlands, surrounding clear streams and dense woodland make Sha Lo Tung a habitat for rare dragonflies.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.539
Residents of Shui Hau Village stated that the maximum shell length of the sand white clams there is currently 98 mm, a reduction from 130 mm thirty years ago.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.427
Shui Hau Wan and Ha Pak Nai are the main breeding grounds of Chinese horseshoe crabs in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.401
Glyptostrobus pensilis is distributed in southern China, including the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.480
The two fungi species Trichopeziza lanosa and Hongkongia obtusispora are both distributed in the Tai Po Kau Nature Reserve.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.542
The pine wood nematode uses the Japanese pine sawyer as its vector and resides in the respiratory system of the adult beetle.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.483
The pine wood nematode was accidentally introduced into Hong Kong in the late 1970s and gradually infested native pine trees.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.499
The pine wood nematode is native to North America, is spread by longhorn beetles, and uses the respiratory system of adult longhorn beetles as its habitat.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.252
Pine trees usually die within half a year from pine wilt disease, with Masson's pine being highly susceptible and slash pine also affected.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.252
Once pine trees are infected with wilt disease, they usually die within half a year, and the Masson's pine in Hong Kong is extremely severely affected.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.483
Psilotum nudum has a distinctive appearance, forming clusters resembling pine needles.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.468
引用名稱學名 Psilotum nudum
Song Daxiang and Zhu Mingsheng, in recognition of Hu Jiayi's contribution to spider research, established a new genus and species based on the Gnaphosidae samples she collected, naming it Hong Kong Hu's spider.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.393
The Sung Kong granite (Lantau Island) has been dated by the K/Ar method at 130±3 million years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.162
Cycads and ginkgos are not native to Hong Kong but are introduced species, mostly planted for ornamental purposes.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.481
Although the three tidal stations at Chi Ma Wan, Lok On Pai and Tai O are now closed, their tidal data are still being provided.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.488
The sea subsequently retreated, giving way to clastic rock layers dominated by mudstone and sandstone.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91
Over time, rainfall infiltration gradually desalinates the groundwater in the airport reclamation area.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.482
As sea level continued to rise during the deposition of the Hang Hau Formation, numerous shallow-sea and mudflat environments appeared in the Hong Kong area.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.116
As the environment was destroyed and food sources diminished, large wild animals such as rhinoceroses and elephants left Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.229
As tropical and temperate ocean currents alternate seasonally, marine species originating from two different biogeographic regions are able to coexist in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.492
With the development of new towns such as Sha Tin and Tai Po, and the reclamation project for Chek Lap Kok Airport, the extent of mudflats in these areas has shrunk significantly.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.285
As altitude increases, temperature falls while rainfall and air humidity rise, and peaks are often shrouded in mist, creating cool and humid conditions favourable to the growth of mosses.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.461
Amentotaxus argotaenia, Gnetum luofuense, Gnetum parvifolium, Keteleeria fortunei, Pinus massoniana, Podocarpus macrophyllus and Podocarpus nerifolius are all gymnosperms native to Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.481
Amentotaxus argotaenia, Keteleeria fortunei, Podocarpus macrophyllus, and Podocarpus nerifolius are all uncommon in Hong Kong, with some of these species reaching extremely low numbers.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.481
Amentotaxus argotaenia is found in highland forests, with occurrences at Tai Kam Chung, Tai Mo Shan, Ma On Shan, Sunset Peak and Lantau Peak, all five of which fall under country park management.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.482
Both Amentotaxus argotaenia and Keteleeria fortunei are included in two plant lists.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.486
引用名稱作品 《中國植物紅皮書》(the China Red Data Book of Plants)、作品 《廣東珍稀瀕危植物圖譜》(the Illustrated Handbook of Rare and Endangered Plants of Guangdong)
Critically endangered trees are those with fewer than ten individuals in the wild; in Sai Kung, for example, only two Livistona saribus have been recorded.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.64
Acropora solitaryensis and Porites lobata are globally vulnerable species.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.442
The knobby periwinkle is commonly found in the highest and harshest zones of Hong Kong's rocky shores.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.420
The protease of the tower snail only undergoes slight deformation at a high temperature of 40 degrees Celsius.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.420
Individuals of the tower shell Batillaria can withstand a body temperature of 55 degrees Celsius.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.420
During aestivation, Littoraria articulata can remain out of seawater and inactive for at least 50 days.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.420
By the 1970s, most rice fields and gei wai had been replaced by fish ponds.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.139
In the early twentieth century, systematic research on insects gradually began in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.373
Taiwan acacia, red gum and slash pine are all able to adapt successfully to Hong Kong's formerly harsh natural conditions, and so together earned the title of Hong Kong's 'three treasures of afforestation'.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.452
The non-native tree Acacia confusa died in large numbers due to extensive icing on Tai Mo Shan and surrounding ridges.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.225
The Taiwan Current has a temperature between 19°C and 23°C and a salinity of about 32‰, both lower than those of the Kuroshio Current.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.492
The Taiwan Current and the Kuroshio are temperate ocean currents that mainly affect Hong Kong waters in winter.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.492
The Taiwan Current, also known as the China Coastal Current, originates from the East China Sea and reaches Hong Kong waters after passing through the Taiwan Strait.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.492
After mosses colonized land, they changed the surface environment, increased atmospheric oxygen, and influenced subsequent biological evolution.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.453
Bryophyte diversity is affected by slope aspect, being markedly higher on north-facing slopes than on south-facing slopes.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.461
Archaean rocks crop out only sporadically in the South China Block, being found in the Dabie Mountains area on the northern margin of the Yangtze Platform.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.83
Before the outbreak of the Pacific War, alien species recorded in Hong Kong literature included the African snail, Mozambique tilapia, long-legged ant, rhesus macaque and Mikania micrantha.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.491
After the end of the Pacific War, the Hong Kong Government restarted its afforestation programme.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.47
Gastropods such as Cerithidea, Pyramidellidae, Cerithiidae, Lunella coronata granulata and Nerita use seagrass beds as their habitat.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.291
An excessively high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio reduces available soil nitrogen and hinders plant growth.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.203
Townsend studied sea urchins and echinoderms within the coral reef areas of Tolo Harbour, and the findings were presented at a marine biology symposium held in Mordialloc.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.428
Several species of clams can often be found in the sandy-muddy environment of Temple Bay, Tong Fuk (near Shui Hau).
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.283
Specialised structures and sexual reproduction played a major role in fern evolution, enabling them to dominate in subsequent eras.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.468
The stems of Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides show distinct internodes and often grow epiphytically on tree trunks or rocks.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.468
引用名稱學名 Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides
The Tai Shek Mo Member seen around Tit Hang consists of two sets of metamorphic rocks and contains metamorphosed sandstone interbeds.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96
Almandine is mainly found in the calcareous skarn of the Sha Lo Wan contact zone, occurring in a compact form.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.185
Laterite is concentrated in areas with elevations between 50 and 200 meters, mostly on hillslopes and at the foot of hills.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.185
Laterite occurs in Hong Kong only sporadically at places such as Victoria Peak, Tuen Mun, Sai Kung and Ma On Shan, and is mostly within country park areas.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.185
The Ting Kok tree-climbing crab is often found on trees in mangroves.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.288
The carapace width of the Ting Kok tree-climbing crab is less than one centimeter, and it is the first arboreal species in its genus.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.417
This period was accompanied by extensive folding and faulting.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.85
Isotope studies indicate that Archaean and Proterozoic crystalline rocks may constitute most of the crust of Hong Kong's basement.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86
The mean and surface currents at Causeway Bay, Chek Lap Kok and Tsing Lung Tau differ markedly from those at Ma Wan in both speed and direction.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.495
Data obtained through wave monitoring can be used to build wave models to estimate the occurrence of large waves in harbours and to serve as a basis for the design of marine structures.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.495
Isotopic studies of minerals in granite suggest that the crustal basement beneath Hong Kong may contain Archaean rocks.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.84
Through absolute age dating, the Ap Lei Chau Formation yielded a value of 142.7 million years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.106
By uranium-lead dating, the age obtained for the Deep Bay granite is less than 236.3±0.8 million years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.162
Aquilaria sinensis has been listed as vulnerable by an international conservation organization, and the State Council has also included it in the national second-class key protected plant list.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.498
引用名稱法例/計劃 國際自然保護聯盟(IUCN)(International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN))
Aquilaria sinensis is both a globally vulnerable species and a national second-class protected wild plant, and is listed in Appendix II of an international convention.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.176
引用名稱法例/計劃 《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)
The Geotechnical Engineering Office conducted permeability tests on 5 soil samples taken from completely weathered rock, with saturated soil permeability ranging between 5×10-8 m/s and 10-4 m/s.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.191
According to records of the Civil Engineering Department, a lead-zinc mine exploration application was once registered at Tai Mo Shan.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.114
Soil surveys show that the organic nitrogen in Hong Kong's vegetated soils is low, with a mean of 1,100 mg per kg.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.204
When soil fertility is insufficient, organic fertilizers such as peat moss can be applied to increase the exchange capacity.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.202
During soil formation, the aluminium content increases significantly.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.198
During soil formation, ferrous oxide is converted into ferric oxide, and the iron content increases.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.198
The ion exchange capacity of soil mostly derives from the organic matter it contains, and this organic matter is mainly concentrated in the surface soil.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.200
Rocky shores with weak wave action are found at Tolo Harbour, the inner sea of Sai Kung at Yim Tin Tsai, Kau Sai Chau and Tai Tam Harbour.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.500
Sheltered bay beaches such as Starfish Bay in Tolo Harbour and Shui Hau on south Lantau have weaker wave action and finer sand.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.501
Small and intermittent seagrass communities are occasionally seen at Starfish Bay in Tolo Harbour.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.291
Because of the relatively enclosed topography of Tolo Harbour and the northeastern coast of Hong Kong, wave action there is weaker than on the eastern and southeastern coasts.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.499
On the northwestern shore of Ma Shi Chau and the southeastern shore of Yim Tin Tsai in Tolo Harbour, a basal breccia layer more than 30 m thick of the Yim Tin Tsai Formation can be seen.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.102
There are several mudflats at Lo Wai, Yung Shue O, Sai Keng and Nga Yiu Tau in Tolo Harbour.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.501
Tolo Harbour is adjacent to Pak Sha Tau Chau, which is at the southwesternmost end of the Wong Chuk Kok Tsui Peninsula.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.92
Seagrasses in Tolo Harbour are distributed at Starfish Bay and Ting Kok.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.292
Tree-climbing behaviour of Cerithidea species can be observed on the sandy mudflats and mangroves around Tolo Harbour.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.420
The area from Tolo Harbour to North Sai Kung was formerly rich in penguin wing oysters and concave pearl oysters.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.425
In the Tolo area, rocky shores extend 2.6 kilometres, sandy beaches 12.8 kilometres, mudflats 5 kilometres and mangroves 11.9 kilometres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.500
It is inferred that this rock formation continues to extend as far as the Lo Wu area of Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91
It is inferred that the chert layers of Ping Chau formed when changes in the sedimentary environment caused quartz precipitated from lake water to replace the rock layers.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.111
It is inferred that the rock was originally composed of alternating thin layers of limestone and siltstone, and was later transformed into marble by regional metamorphism.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93
The andesite in western Tuen Mun is dark grey or greenish grey, with abundant plagioclase phenocrysts set in a cryptocrystalline matrix.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.162
The andesite in western Tuen Mun occurs as lava intercalated in alternating layers of tuff and volcaniclastic sedimentary rock.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.162
The Tuen Mun Formation is mainly composed of andesite, belonging to lava produced during the volcanic arc stage.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.167
The slipper limpet is common on Hong Kong rocky shores and originates from North America; the ark clam originates from Australia.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.276
Exotic freshwater fish are classified by introduction pathway into four categories: aquaculture introduction, ornamental fish trade, biological control and East River water transfer.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.308
Exotic tree species help conserve soil and water, and some have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots that can improve secondary forest soil.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.216
The introduced fish species, the largemouth bass, has become established in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.311
Late Archean crustal components have been identified in the northwestern, northern, and northeastern New Territories and in the northwestern part of Lantau Island.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.89
From the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, fault activity was frequent in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.191
The East Dam of High Island Reservoir once received high-temperature volcanic ash, which then cooled and solidified to form hexagonal columnar rock bodies while also producing collapse structures.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.191
Hexagonal volcanic rock columns can still be seen in the area of the East Dam of High Island Reservoir and on the surrounding islands.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.168
The brachiopod Lingula was once widely distributed in Hong Kong but is now very rare.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.285
Wang Chun-lin published several academic papers on Holothuria leucospilota, covering its reproductive cycle and feeding habits.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.428
Amah Rock is near Sha Tin in the New Territories and is formed by several stacked boulders of varying sizes.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.60
Williams has presented academic papers on Hong Kong's stratigraphy and palaeontology at international conferences.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.228
Williams found in an old box in the repository the original notes left by Brock and Uglow during their field surveys in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.228
Mikania micrantha entwines the trees in the egretry on A Chau in Sha Tau Kok, causing the trees to die, and the egrets eventually abandon the site.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.518
The emergence of vascular tissue allowed ferns to transport water and support their bodies, thereby gaining the ability to grow upright, and the plants could thus reach a taller size.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.468
The eelgrass transplantation experiment at Tin Sam in North Lantau ultimately failed.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.134
The scenic areas at Port Island and Wong Chuk Kok Tsui preserve the oldest rock formations in Hong Kong, sedimentary rocks formed in the Devonian period about 400 million years ago.
來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》(公元前 5000 年至 2017 年,共 6,500 多條大事)(香港地方志中心) · p.35
The facility at the Tai Tong Nursery now preserves over a hundred species of relatively threatened rare plants native to Hong Kong and their seeds.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.514
The volcanic group on Lantau Island reaches a total thickness of up to 1,700 metres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.104
At a coastal archaeological site in northeastern Lantau, a considerable number of seeds of Castanopsis, Cyclobalanopsis and Quercus were unearthed, dating back to six thousand years ago.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.251
Pak Chau, located to the west of the marine park, provides a key nocturnal roosting site for cormorants that migrate south to Hong Kong for the winter.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.136
The sedimentary rocks around Wong Chuk Kok Tsui have an evolutionary history dating back to about 400 million years ago.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.56
The calcite contained in the limestone of the Lok Ma Chau Formation in the Kat O area is a mineral formed by chemical sedimentation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.174
Near Lai Chi Chong, uranium-lead dating of the tuffs and rhyolites of the Shing Mun Formation gives an absolute age of 164.7 million years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.102
The volcanic rocks in the Ma On Shan area were formed about 146 million years ago, during the Late Jurassic.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.123
A Chau, located near Ma Shi Chau, has strata dipping to the northeast, with geological ages from old to young, and an overall thickness of about 150 meters.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.96
The mangroves around Mai Po cover an area of about 170 hectares, where the mangroves can reach a height of around five metres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.286
The Po Lo member in the southern waters has a relatively thin sedimentary layer.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.117
In Hoi Sham Park in To Kwa Wan, there is a rock named Fish Tail Rock, which is about 6 metres high.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.60
Tai Tam on the south of Hong Kong Island has a mangrove area of about 0.2 hectares and is the only mangrove site on the island.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.501
Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden in Hong Kong has established a half-hectare fern walk, becoming the first outdoor fern garden in the territory.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.479
To avoid the high temperature of rock surfaces, periwinkles climb onto the shells of their own kind, forming tower-like structures that may consist of four to five stacked individuals.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.420
To compensate for the Chek Lap Kok airport project, extensive mangroves were planted in Tai O.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.286
To strengthen habitat conservation, the authorities have designated Lai Chi Wo and Sham Tau as Sites of Special Scientific Interest.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.514
For afforestation, the Hong Kong government previously introduced several fast-growing non-native tree species, including Taiwan acacia, paper-bark tree and eucalyptus.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.516
To compensate for the construction of Hong Kong International Airport, mangroves were planted in the Tai O area.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.501
To increase butterfly species numbers, especially those of conservation value, the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department has planted larval food plants and nectar plants at several sites it manages, including Shing Mun Country Park, as well as at Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, for public viewing.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.392
To suppress the growth of algae and aquatic plants, the Water Supplies Department introduced silver carp and bighead carp into reservoirs for stocking.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.308
Documents show that in the late 13th century, Lantau Island still retained its primeval forest appearance.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.227
Historical records note that the Dongguan area had abundant wildlife before the Ming dynasty, but by the early Republic of China period leopards, bears, and elk had disappeared, and tigers were nearly extinct.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.227
The text advocates recompiling the local flora, as it has not been revised since 1912.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.490
Within the Ung Kong Islands scenic area, the hexagonal column coast is notable for its sea caves and sea arches.
來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》(公元前 5000 年至 2017 年,共 6,500 多條大事)(香港地方志中心) · p.35
The sewage treatment works was sited west of the Shing Mun River, and a complete rock sequence was exposed at the construction site during works.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.93
The Wu Kau Tang area is lowland forest, where 164 tree species, over 30 dragonfly species, over 50 butterfly species and various large invertebrates have been recorded.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.90
The main habitats of Wu Kau Tang include streams, freshwater marshes, fung shui woods and farmland; the Hong Kong paradise fish is a species of concern, scoring 2.15 and ranking seventh.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.59
Blechnum orientale, Lygodium japonicum and Lygodium microphyllum are the fern species with the widest coverage in Hong Kong, being found on Hong Kong Island, in Kowloon, in the inland New Territories and on many outlying islands.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.471
Tungsten ore outcrops are distributed in many places in Hong Kong, including Needle Hill, Lin Fa Shan and Sha Lo Wan.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.98
Near the Ng Tung Chai waterfall, there are scattered small abandoned mine pits, indicating limited mineralization in the area.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.113
The Ng Tung Chai waterfall group comprises several waterfalls including the Bottom Fall, Middle Fall, Main Fall and Scattered Hair Fall.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.61
The main fall of the Ng Tung Chai waterfall group has a drop of 30 metres, and the group is the largest waterfall group in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.49
The Ng Tung Chai waterfalls comprise the Scattered Hair Falls, Main Falls, Middle Falls, Lower Falls, Jade Maiden Falls, White Snake Falls and Dragon Beard Falls.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.49
The Ng Tung Chai waterfalls are located on the western slope of Tai Mo Shan, at an elevation of about 300 to 500 metres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.61
The main waterfall at Ng Tung Chai has a drop of about 30 metres, the largest of any waterfall in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.61
Ng Fan Chau has several deep, neat parallel fissures, making the granite appear to be cut into five blocks.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.64
After accidentally eating the deadly Amanita virosa, a highly toxic mushroom, gastrointestinal inflammation symptoms appear in humans after six to twenty-four hours.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.549
The northwestern region has 2.9 km of rocky shore, 9 km of sandy beach, 1.5 km of mudflat and 17 km of mangrove.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.500
Boreholes in the West Lamma Channel show that the Po Lo Member has two units.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.117
The salinity of the western waters is about 20 PPT, roughly 40% lower than that of the eastern waters.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.499
The western waters have lower dissolved oxygen levels due to frequent microbial activity.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.499
The estuarine environment in the west attracts Chinese white dolphins to inhabit.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.499
The lower reaches of the Twin Deer Stream at Tai Long Sai Wan in Sai Kung feature waterfalls dominated by the Thousand-Thread Waterfall and the Four-Pool Cascade.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.49
Wave energy is strong in the offshore waters of eastern Sai Kung and the southeastern part of Hong Kong Island, including Cheung Tsui, Sai Wan, Shek O and Cape Collinson.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.500
The largest eruption occurred in southeastern Sai Kung, causing the volcanic vent to collapse and forming a caldera about 20 kilometres in diameter.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.168
The Sai Kung Volcanic Rock Region comprises four scenic areas: High Island, the Ninepin Group, the Ung Kong Group and Kiu Tsui Chau.
來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》(公元前 5000 年至 2017 年,共 6,500 多條大事)(香港地方志中心) · p.35
Beaches at Long Ke and Pak Lap in Sai Kung and Cheung Sha on South Lantau have stronger wave action and coarser sand.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.500
The last round of volcanic eruptions occurred in the sea off Leung Shuen Wan, Sai Kung, and the volcanic ash accumulated inside the caldera is not less than 400 metres thick.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.191
Mangroves occur along the Sai Kung coast at Ho Yeung Hang, Tai Wan Village, and around Ho Chung and Nam Wai in Pak Sha Wan.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.501
The lava at Sai Lau Kong is distributed in a northwest to southeast direction, is dacitic in composition, and contains large rhyolitic rock fragments.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.162
The Sai Lau Kong Formation is the topmost layer of the Tsuen Wan Volcanic Group, conformably overlying the Tai Mo Shan Formation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.103
The rocks of the Sai Lau Kong Formation are mainly dacite, with limited exposure at Sai Lau Kong in Yan Chau Tong in northeast Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.103
In the graphite-bearing schist of West Sharp Island, andalusite occurs in radiating form at about 1 cm.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.185
The southwestern region has 63.8 km of rocky shore, 27.8 km of sandy beach, 6.9 km of mudflat, and 4.4 km of mangrove.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.500
The taxonomic groups to which Halophila beccarii and Ruppia maritima belong produce pollen that aggregates into floating clumps and is dispersed by seawater currents.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.291
The dominant diatom species include Skeletonema costatum, Chaetoceros, and Thalassiosira, while the most common dinoflagellate is Gymnodinium.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.381
Evaporation in the lagoon was intense, the water was highly saline and alkaline, and algae and blue-green algae flourished.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.86
Hong Kong has only 1 family and 2 species of primary freshwater fish of the order Gobiiformes, namely Rhinogobius duospilus and Rhinogobius leavelli.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.306
The lower part is dominated by grey to dark grey phyllite and sericite schist, and contains sandstone and graphite schist 1 metre to 2 metres thick.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.95
Summer is the period when the starfish Asterina limboonkengi is commonly seen locally and is often its mating season.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.429
In summer, the substrate temperature of open intertidal habitats in Hong Kong such as rocky shores and sandy beaches can reach 40°C and 65°C respectively.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.276
During the summer rainy season, salinity in the western waters further decreases.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.499
New species discovered by Xia Lan and Hans include Balanophora xiaensis, Utricularia striatula and Lithocarpus xialanii.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.488
The number of fern species surviving in the world today is close to twelve thousand, classified into fifty families and covering two hundred and sixty to two hundred and eighty genera.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.468
Currently, sea level is not far from its highest position since the Quaternary, and the marine conditions after the end of the Holocene glacial period have persisted to the present.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.111
About 40,000 species of Basidiomycota are currently recorded worldwide, with a classification framework covering four subphyla, 18 classes, 68 orders and 241 families.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.544
More than 350,000 species of angiosperms have been recorded worldwide, mainly concentrated in the tropical regions of Southeast Asia, Africa and the Americas.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.487
About 520 species of poisonous mushrooms are currently recorded in China as a whole, equivalent to roughly half of the global total.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.548
At present, 223 banyan trees in Hong Kong are included in the Register of Old and Valuable Trees.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.498
Thicker soil profiles are now difficult to find in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.180
The relevant study found that Hong Kong's soils are mostly acidic and lack organic matter, total phosphorus and available phosphorus, all of which constrain soil fertility.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.206
Related studies indicate that when the proportion of soil organic matter does not exceed two percent (w/w), an increase in organic matter content raises soil aggregate stability.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.189
Relevant field surveys have been carried out for over a hundred years, and new species are still being discovered in the last decade.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態(香港地方志中心) · p.513
Croton hongkongensis is a species endemic to Hong Kong, discovered on the slope north of the summit of Sam Chi Heung in southern Tsing Yi.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育(香港地方志中心) · p.128
The northern and western parts of Hong Kong are the main outcrop areas of Late Palaeozoic rocks.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.91
Among Hong Kong's angiosperm fossils, the earliest to have been formally studied and identified date from the Eocene.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境(香港地方志中心) · p.144
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