Chronicle Archive / 志錄
Hong Kong Chronicle Archive · undated entries
以下條目原文冇西曆年份（例如只記年號或朝代），故不列入時間軸，但同樣有官方來源同頁碼。 未繫年條目共 7718 條，每頁 200 條，呢度係第 33 / 39 頁。
These entries carry no Gregorian year in the source (e.g. only an era name), so they sit outside the timeline — but each still has an official source and page number. There are 7718 of them, 200 per page; this is page 33 of 39.
逐年條目見 志錄索引；志錄總數 36501 條。 Dated entries live in the archive index; the archive holds 36501 entries in total.
Undated entries, page 33
引用每條都可以引用：按條目下面嘅「引用呢條」，可以揀中文腳註／中文參考書目／APA／Chicago 四種格式並複製。 書名、出版者、年份同頁碼一律由已登記來源同生成檔派生，頁面一條都唔會手寫；年份取來源登記嘅出版年， 來源未登記出版年嘅，引文改用查閱日期並寫明。
Every entry is citable. Press “Cite this entry” for a Chinese footnote, Chinese bibliography, APA or Chicago note — all derived from the registered source and the generated archive, never hand-written. If a registered source has no publication year, the citation prints the access date and says so.
《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（查閱日期 2026-10-18），頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/33#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/33#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·自然》自然環境 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·自然》自然環境（查閱日期 2026-10-18），頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/33#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/33#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Environmental Protection and Conservation
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（查閱日期 2026-10-18），頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/33#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Environmental Protection and Conservation (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/undated/33#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事） Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events)
中文腳註香港地方志中心，《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事），2020，頁 〈頁碼〉，/chronicle/archive/undated/33#〈條目編號〉。
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute (2020). Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events) (p. 〈頁碼〉). /chronicle/archive/undated/33#〈條目編號〉
Substitute the entry’s page number and ID (shown as 〈頁碼〉／〈條目編號〉) into the pattern above. The same templates, plus rules and limits, are in the citation block of /api/v1/archive.json.
Over 200 species of birds can be observed each year at the fish ponds of northwest New Territories, a figure accounting for more than 30 per cent of all bird species in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.268
The igneous rocks in central and northwestern parts of the New Territories mainly formed during the first volcanic eruption phase 165 to 160 million years ago.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.191
In the early Cenozoic the climate was arid, and coastal lagoons formed in the Hong Kong to Guangdong area.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.86
The upper strata of the San Tin Group belong to the Lok Ma Chau Formation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.95
The Tin Shui Wai Group can be divided into three parts: the Lok Ma Chau Formation at the top, and the Yuen Long Formation and Ma On Shan Formation at the bottom.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.93
The habitat of the star limpet covers the lower tidal zone and the subtidal zone, and its occurrences are confined to the wave-exposed rocky shores on the east or southeast.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.281
Male stoneflies touch their abdomens against plant surfaces to produce vibrational waves of a unique frequency in order to find mates.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.379
Sau Ying Bamboo commonly grows 4 to 6 metres tall, with a diameter of 1 to 2 centimetres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.510
Bambusa shiu-yingii is a bamboo species endemic to Hong Kong, found on Sharp Peak and on the campus of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and also recorded in Sai Kung, Ng Tung Chai and Wu Kau Tang.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.510
Bambusa shuyingiana and Hedyotis shuyingiae are endemic species of Hong Kong whose scientific names are derived from Hu Shiu-ying in recognition of her contributions to botany.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.452
The academic community generally regards the Pat Sin Leng Formation as terrestrial sedimentary rock formed during the Early Cretaceous.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.107
The rocks of A Chau are mainly composed of quartzose sandstone and dark siltstone, and contain abundant plant fossils and animal trace fossils.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.96
A Chau has several layers of sandstone, with the strata reaching a thickness of up to 1.6 metres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.96
The rocks of the Kat O Formation on Ap Chau are mainly reddish-brown thick-bedded breccia with thin-bedded coarse sandstone intercalations.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.109
On Ap Lei Chau Island, the rare reddish-brown breccia can be seen, along with Hong Kong's only sea arch that can be safely walked through.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.121
The cement of the Kat O Formation on Ap Chau consists mainly of limonite and clay matrix.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.109
Rock ages show that back-arc volcanism after 164 Ma can be divided into four stages.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.167
The rocks crop out mainly on scattered small hills, and the total thickness of the rocks in the area is 300 metres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.95
After comparing the rock layers, the study revised the geological age of Paralycoptera from the Early Cretaceous to the Late Jurassic.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.127
Research found that each cubic metre of air contains more than ten thousand species of bacteria.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.559
The study found that, apart from arsenic, the actual concentrations of trace elements in Hong Kong soils are very close to the baseline means.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.198
Research found that strains of the genus Ceratobasidium can successfully form symbioses with Zeuxine strateumatica.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.534
The study found that strains of the genus Tulasnella strongly promote the germination and development of Arundina graminifolia, Spathoglottis pubescens and Spiranthes hongkongensis.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.534
The study found that the fungal diversity index of woody tissue material was higher than that of herbaceous tissue material.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.529
Research found that Po Toi Island is a new distribution site for Romer's tree frog.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.170
A study analysing Hong Kong's mosses found 116 species of tropical affinity, accounting for 33.4%; 87 species of East Asian type; and 57 species of temperate type.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.458
The study identified about 205 species of saprophytic fungi, including 61 ascomycetes, 1 basidiomycete, and 144 anamorphic fungi.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.529
The study identified 48 species of fungi, including 3 ascomycetes, 37 hyphomycetes and 1 oomycete.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.532
The study estimated that about 19% of vascular plants are locally extinct or very rare, far lower than the 53.8% for bryophytes.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.466
Research estimates that the organic carbon stock in the upper 100 cm of topsoil in Hong Kong amounts to 8.85 million tonnes.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.202
The study classified invasive plants into five hazard levels, with 19 species in the most severe category of malicious invasion.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.519
The study accumulated and analysed more than 15,000 data items.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.176
Researchers collected mangrove samples at Ha Xia, To Kwa Peng and Chek Keng in Sai Kung, as well as at Kei Ling Ha Lo Wai, Pak Tam Chung, Ting Kok in Tai Po and the Hong Kong Wetland Park in Tin Shui Wai.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.536
Researchers, together with the Agriculture and Fisheries Department, the Lands Department and the Planning Department, searched for protected and suitable release sites for the Romer's tree frog.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.170
Researchers used uranium-lead dating on zircons from the Yim Tin Tsai Formation, and the results show an age of about 164.5 million years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.102
Researchers excavated more than fifty soil profiles across Hong Kong for observation and recording, and also collected soil specimens for analysis in terms of physical, chemical, biological, and micromorphological aspects.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.184
Researchers used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to analyse the genotypic diversity of fungi on the needles of Pinaceae plants.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.532
Researchers obtained specimens of Pandanus tectorius and Pandanus furcatus in Hong Kong, recording 45 and 35 fungal species respectively.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.531
After repeated trials, the research team succeeded in getting Chinese horseshoe crabs to spawn and fertilise in the laboratory, with a larval survival rate of over 43% and growth of 30% within three months after release.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.173
The research team selected 47 quadrats in Hong Kong, each 16 square metres, distributed across six habitat types: urban areas, farmland, grassland, shrubland, fung shui woods and forest.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.461
Studies show that most Rhizoctonia-like strains are related to Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus, and are genetically distinct from each other.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.534
Studies show that populations of Romer's tree frog on different islands have diverged genetically, so the population on Chek Lap Kok cannot be relocated to the other original islands.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.170
The study showed that there were 101 species of invasive alien plants, belonging to 36 families and 77 genera; by family, Asteraceae had the highest number, with 17 species.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.519
Researchers interviewed fishermen and villagers and reviewed literature to conclude that before the 1980s horseshoe crabs were distributed across various mudflats, sandy beaches and waters in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.401
Research indicates that soil pores can be divided into three main categories: macropores, mesopores and micropores.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.190
Research indicates that the trace element sequence of Hong Kong's natural soils is close to that of igneous rocks, showing little anthropogenic influence.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.198
Sessile organisms on rocky shores include Saccostrea cucullata, Patelloida saccharina, Septifer virgatus, and red, brown and green algae.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.281
On rocky shores with strong wave action, limpets and chitons have evolved strong muscles to cling to rock surfaces.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.281
The sedimentary structures within the rock formation indicate that the strata become progressively younger from east to west.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.92
The volcanic rocks of the Yim Tin Tsai Formation are mainly coarse ash tuff with crystal fragments, containing volcanic lapilli, and the rock layers are thick and dense.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.101
Terns breed every summer on several small islands in the eastern waters of Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.350
Late Yanshanian extension formed basins, and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks are mostly exposed in the northeast.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.86
Actinolite is a major mineral of the Ma On Shan skarn and iron ore gossan.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.188
The basement rocks of the Yangtze Block are Late Archean rocks.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.81
Escape from mariculture rafts, religious release practices, and abandonment by aquarium hobbyists are all major pathways for the introduction of non-native fish into Hong Kong's natural environment.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.311
Quadrature surveys show that bryophyte diversity ranges from at least 1 species to at most 29 species.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.461
Wild boars dig up seedlings, porcupines bite through tree trunks near the ground, red muntjacs eat the apical buds of seedlings, and cattle and sheep eat plant leaves.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.89
Yip Kwok-wai's A History of Bryology in Hong Kong and Zhang Li and Lin Bangjuan's A Checklist of Hong Kong Bryophytes both review and summarise the evolution of bryological research in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.455
It is generally believed that this sandstone layer is a dune deposit formed by wind-blown sand activity.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.92
A flora work records 1,056 plant species collected on Hong Kong Island.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.488
引用名稱作品 《香港島植物誌》（Flora of Hong Kong Island）
A set of northeast–southwest trending igneous dykes formed during volcanic eruptions 148 to 146 million years ago, distributed in northwestern Lantau, Ma Wan and Tsing Yi.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.191
A study compared Hong Kong with eleven countries and regions, and the results showed that Hainan and Taiwan had the highest degree of similarity, ranked in that order.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.458
A study of eight palm species recorded a total of 306 species of fungi on their leaves.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.529
A study recorded a new species of ascomycete at Tai Mo Shan, named Rhizophydium anomalum.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.529
A study collected decaying needles of three plant species belonging to the family Pinaceae at two locations in Hong Kong, namely Cape D'Aguilar south of Shek O and Yung Shue O in Sai Kung.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.532
After World War I, Han Lei discovered ammonite and bivalve fossils in the sedimentary strata at Fung Wong Wat along the Tolo Channel on the northern shore of Tolo Harbour.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.226
A fish species possibly endemic to Hong Kong, whose scientific name is also Hong Kong velvet scorpionfish, though this conclusion remains to be verified.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.311
引用名稱學名 Paraploactis hongkongiensis
Based on palaeogeographic and Guangdong stratigraphic inferences, Early Palaeozoic and Proterozoic rocks may exist in Hong Kong's basement.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.86
According to water level data recorded from observation wells, the average water level of the alluvial sand and gravel layer at Hong Kong International Airport is about two metres above sea level, and this soil layer is a confined aquifer.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.482
According to the national standard, when the metasilicic acid content of spring water exceeds 25 milligrams per litre, it meets the definition of metasilicic acid mineral water.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.480
The Hong Kong Poisonous Plants Illustrated Handbook compiled by the Hospital Authority contains records of two poisonous fungi, namely Amanita parvipantherina and Chlorophyllum molybdites.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.549
Plants named after Ford include Aristolochia fordiana, Manglietia fordiana, Dioscorea fordii, and Lagerstroemia fordii.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.490
Using mushroom polysaccharides to produce nano-selenium has become an important trend in the development of new drugs and health products.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.556
By life form, there are 81 species of herbs, 8 species each of shrubs and climbers, 3 species of trees, and 1 species of fern.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.519
Compared with Hong Kong as a whole, the mineralisation and calcium content of the Po Hing Fong spring are relatively high, indicating that groundwater dissolves the cement in the foundation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.478
Argon-argon dating of intermediate-basic dykes intruding the High Island volcanic rocks yielded ages ranging from 108 million to 75 million years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.156
As a result, Sha Lo Tung gradually evolved into a distinctive wetland in a highland valley.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.539
Channel migration produced cross-bedding in various orientations, while the wider conglomerate layers represent flood-deposited sediments.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.93
As no fossils have been found, the age of the marble cannot be determined palaeontologically.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.93
Due to the large input of organic sediments and nutrients from the Pearl River, phosphorus and nitrogen levels are higher in the western waters than in the eastern waters.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.499
The hidden-sac fern is found only on a few offshore islands such as Tung Lung Island and Po Toi Island.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.476
引用名稱學名 Notholaena hirsuta
After the Indosinian orogeny ended, the crust was uplifted and magmatic activity began.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.85
Yan Chau Tong is located in the northeast New Territories, and the strata along its southeastern shore consist of red sandstone and conglomerate.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.119
The mangroves of Yan Chau Tong Marine Park are most representatively found at Lai Chi Wo and Sam A Tsuen, covering about 2.7 hectares and 3 hectares respectively.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.110
Yan Chau Tong Marine Park has five anchorage areas and three buoys for vessels to moor.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.109
The rocks of Yan Chau Tong are reddish in colour and rich in iron oxide, of the same type as China's Danxia landform.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.119
Dacite lava is found mainly in the Sai Lau Kong Formation in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.157
In the early period of British occupation, European and American naturalists came to Hong Kong to collect animal and plant specimens and record species.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.28
In the early British colonial period, many hillsides in Hong Kong urgently needed afforestation, but the extensive area and remote locations increased the cost and difficulty of tree planting.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.88
In the early British colonial period and the early post-Second World War period, hillside vegetation was sparse, and seedlings were particularly vulnerable to typhoon damage.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.89
Among firefly species, Zheng Kaizhen's strange-eyed firefly is the first example named after a Hong Kong citizen's name, a practice that was the first of its kind globally.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.391
Fluorite in Hong Kong occurs mainly in the Ma On Shan skarn, Needle Hill, Sha Lo Wan tungsten mine and granite miarolitic cavities.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.183
From the 1970s to the 1990s, the focus of soil research in Hong Kong shifted from rural and agricultural areas to urban green areas.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.176
From the beginning of the Permian to the end of the Jurassic, the Hong Kong area was mainly in a marine environment.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.85
Mudstone developed from ancient soil alternates with siltstone deposited in an alluvial plain environment, indicating that the area was under arid depositional conditions for a long time.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.93
The fossil-bearing micaceous sandstone and mudstone gradually give way to siltstone, with sedimentary structures such as cross-bedding, ripples and graded bedding, all indicating that the area was formerly a depositional environment transitional from a delta to a coastal plain.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.93
The number of Acacia confusa maintained by the Highways Department exceeds 75,000, most of which have been planted for over 40 years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.517
Among the wetland and sandflat environments formed by sandy-mud substrates together with nearby mangroves, Mai Po is a representative case and has been designated a protected area under the Ramsar Convention.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.318
From Hong Kong's coastal areas extending to Tai Mo Shan and Sunset Peak, the difference in elevation reaches over 900 metres.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.225
Because of its unique geological features, UNESCO established a global geopark in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·總述 大事記》（公元前 5000 年至 2017 年，共 6,500 多條大事）（香港地方志中心） · p.33
As there is no large river estuary in the eastern sea area, its marine environment is directly dominated by the Western Pacific.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.499
Due to insufficient data on bryophyte diversity in Guangdong, the study could not make a direct comparison between Hong Kong and Guangdong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.458
Because of their proximity to residential areas and villages, many feng shui woods have non-native species such as lychee and longan mixed into their vegetation composition.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.252
Due to past deforestation, this type of murid rodent has disappeared, and most Fagaceae trees now have a rather limited and uncommon distribution.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.251
Because they are difficult to detect outside the flowering season, these rare plants are often overlooked in the environmental assessment system.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.514
Keteleeria is only distributed in southern Hong Kong Island, where the mother trees are well preserved and protected by law.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.482
Beryl has been found in the pegmatite of Devil's Peak at Yau Tong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.190
Uranium-lead dating gives the age of the Lantau volcanic group as 147.5 to 146.3 million years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.104
Uranium-lead dating shows that the rocks of the Sai Lau Kong Formation have an absolute age of 164.1 million years.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.103
About fifteen fern species have their type specimens collected from Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.471
Organic carbon density is highest in marshes and mangroves in Hong Kong, and varies with land type.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.202
Organic matter is an important indicator of soil fertility and health, and also provides nutrients.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.202
It has been proposed that Lap Sap Wan be included within the Cape D'Aguilar Marine Reserve to protect its intertidal sea caves.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.138
Some abandoned gei wai are overgrown with seagrass, forming a habitat where mangroves and seagrass coexist.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.291
Some scholars collected four types of terrestrial orchids from various locations in Hong Kong and successfully isolated twenty-one strains of Rhizoctonia-like fungi from their roots.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.534
Some scholars have proposed including the submarine caves at Fan Tsang Chau and Green Island as sites of special scientific interest.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.138
Some scholars compared the composition of lowland secondary forest and fung shui woodland, and the results showed that Lauraceae accounted for over half of the basal area of lowland secondary forest.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.253
A research team has confirmed that shiitake mushrooms have an inhibitory effect on leukemia cells.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.556
Studies show that when the temperature of hill fires rises to 200 degrees Celsius, silt and clay decompose, weakening the cohesion of the soil.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.193
A study used the analytic hierarchy process with ten soil parameters to evaluate soil fertility in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.206
Studies indicate that the bryophytes of Hong Kong show a phytogeographical character of the northern tropics, while also being significantly influenced by East Asian and temperate elements.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.458
Juvenile Chinese horseshoe crabs are commonly found on the mudflats of Starling Inlet, especially near mangroves at higher tidal levels.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.401
Before the 1980s, both Sha Tin and Tung Chung had extensive mudflats.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.285
At a position 25 metres below the seabed of Pak Sha Tau Chau, this stratum comes into contact with dolomitic limestone.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
In the trap rock, almandine occurs as red polyhedral crystals up to 6 centimetres in diameter.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.185
In Tolo Channel, palaeontologists excavated Devonian bivalve and fish fossils.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.92
Within this area, the metamorphic sandstone of the Mai Po Member forms low hills.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
Within this rock formation, Permian marine fossils and a small amount of plant fragments can be found.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.96
The net-veined fern fossil unearthed at Tai O dates to the Middle Jurassic.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.142
Along the northern coast of Lantau Island, skarn mineralisation occurs where marble comes into contact with igneous rock.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
In the waters north of Lantau Island, Victoria Harbour, the Soko Islands and Deep Bay, the Pok Liu Formation contains abundant methane gas produced by biological decomposition.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.117
In the northern and eastern parts of Lantau, earlier-stage rhyolitic dacite dykes are more densely distributed; similar dykes have also been found in the central part of Lantau, Ma Wan, the Soko Islands and the islands to their south.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.156
In the early period after the end of the Second World War, Pinus massoniana remained the primary species used for afforestation in Hong Kong, and the relevant seeds mostly came from the mainland.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.65
In the early twentieth century, Johnson grass was recorded in both Hong Kong and northern Guangdong.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.501
During this period, sea level rose, causing the depositional environment to change from a continental margin to a marine setting.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.90
During the Palaeozoic, the Cathaysian fold belt was characterised by sedimentary sequences formed in shallow sea and continental environments.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.84
In the earliest stage of the Palaeozoic, the area of South China including Hong Kong was a shallow sea.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.84
Several thin layers of limestone were identified within the fine-grained mudstone at Kat O.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.173
Among land plants still surviving today, bryophytes are generally believed to be the earliest group to have moved from water to land, a transition that occurred about 400 to 500 million years ago.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.453
During the Devonian period, the Guangdong region was in a coastal environment at the continental margin.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.92
During the Devonian period, terrestrial sediments mainly accumulated in a northeast–southwest trending basin, then dominated by a lacustrine environment.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.92
At a depth of 20 metres in the Sham Wat Formation, the number of species rises markedly, showing higher diversity, which serves as evidence of a zone where fresh water and seawater meet.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.116
In the Early Jurassic Chek Mun Formation around Sham Chung and Pak Kok Shan, another type of crinoid stem fossil was found, with a stem cross-section in the shape of a five-pointed star.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.137
In the biological classification system, horseshoe crabs are placed under Merostomata, a class within the phylum Arthropoda; compared with crabs, they are more closely related to spiders and scorpions.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.400
In the late nineteenth century, a French missionary found the plant Bauhinia blakeana among abandoned houses in the Mount Davis area of Hong Kong Island.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.497
During the Carboniferous period, a considerable thickness of carbonate rock layers accumulated in that area.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.91
In the early stages after the completion of reclamation, the groundwater in the area had elevated salinity due to mixing with seawater.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.482
In the area of the West Lamma Channel, the gas columns are distributed continuously and cover most of that area.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.117
In Hong Kong, Apis cerana (the eastern honey bee) is the main pollinator, and its activity increases markedly once the temperature exceeds 12 degrees Celsius.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.234
In early Hong Kong, Masson's pine formed the main trees of secondary forest, and this species was also the core choice for the government's afforestation work before the outbreak of the Pacific War.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.252
In the early stages of tree planting in Hong Kong, seedlings were handled bare-rooted: after being raised in nurseries, they were taken out of the soil and sent directly to the hills for planting.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.88
During the Early to Middle Devonian, psilophytes first appeared in several coastal areas of South China.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.471
During the Yanshanian period of the Early Jurassic, the plate along the southeastern coast of China became convergent due to volcanic activity, causing the oceanic plate to subduct beneath the continental plate.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.190
In the skarn zone at San Shek Wan, minerals such as garnet, vesuvianite, diopside and magnetite can be found.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.98
Fish Tail Rock was formed by the weathering of granite along cracks and joints.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.60
The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department collects seeds and grows seedlings, planting Keteleeria seedlings at suitable sites to establish ex situ conservation populations.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.486
In the AFCD's survey, only two species of horseshoe crabs were recorded: the Chinese horseshoe crab and the mangrove horseshoe crab.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.400
The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department operates the Shing Mun Arboretum, which covers about four hectares and is Hong Kong's largest ex situ conservation facility.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.514
The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department previously intended to designate a broad sand flat at Shui Hau on Lantau Island as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.138
At several sites under the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, including Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden and Shing Mun Country Park, larval food plants and nectar plants for butterflies are cultivated.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.171
The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department currently uses two types of seedling bags, with mouth widths of 5 cm and 7.5 cm, both 15 cm in height.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.89
The Hong Kong Herbarium of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department has previously issued three fungal leaflets covering a total of 30 basidiomycete species.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.545
The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department has included 21 monocotyledon species in Hong Kong's list of rare and precious plants.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.510
The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department has approved Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden to collect orchid seed pods in the natural environment and cultivate them in the micropropagation laboratory.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.514
According to the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, three Asian horseshoe crab species have been recorded in Hong Kong: the Chinese horseshoe crab, the southern horseshoe crab and the mangrove horseshoe crab.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.400
According to the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, 3,080 species of angiosperms have been recorded in Hong Kong, of which 2,190 are dicotyledons and 890 are monocotyledons.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.491
Fishermen feed the fish daily and stock large numbers of fry in fish ponds that can exceed two metres in depth.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.140
After harvesting, farmers drain the ponds, and the exposed wet mud becomes a feeding and resting ground for plovers and sandpipers.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.140
The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department manages 24 country parks and oversees 1 marine reserve, 5 marine parks and 22 special areas.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.466
The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department protects endangered plants through enforcement, habitat maintenance, artificial propagation and ex situ conservation.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.514
Compared with the Kau Yi Chau monitoring station, the West Lamma Channel monitoring station has a narrower range of variation in mean Hmo.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.498
The Sok Kwu Wan granite and Cape D'Aguilar quartz monzonite associated with the Kau Sai Chau volcanic group have zircon saturation temperatures ranging from 820 to 860 degrees Celsius.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.167
Similar to the Yuen Long Formation, the Ma On Shan Formation likewise poses significant engineering challenges to urban development.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus chloronotus eject Cuvierian tubules to entangle predators when disturbed.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.429
In the late Proterozoic, thick argillaceous and arenaceous strata were deposited, and the stable environment continued into the early Palaeozoic.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.84
During the Proterozoic, the South China Block, together with Africa, South America, India, North China, and Australia, formed the supercontinent Rodinia.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.83
Proterozoic rock layers are essentially not exposed in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.91
The Yuen Long Formation is composed mainly of marble, light grey to white in colour, with fine to medium grain size.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
The Yuen Long Formation is distributed in the northwestern part of Hong Kong, consists mainly of marble, and is almost exclusively found deep underground.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.93
The contact surface between the Yuen Long Formation and the Lok Ma Chau Formation is irregular.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.93
The Yuen Long Formation is cut by a northwest-trending fault zone.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
The Yuen Long Formation is divided from bottom to top into the Long Ping Member and the Ma Tin Member.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.93
The Yuen Long Formation in northwestern Yuen Long and the Tin Shui Wai area is generally buried between 30 and 55 metres below ground.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
Above the Yuen Long Formation, metamorphic sandstone and siltstone of the Mai Po Member (belonging to the Lok Ma Chau Formation) are commonly seen overlying it.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.94
In-situ weathered soil can be divided into two types: saprolite, which still retains the parent rock structure, and residual soil, in which the rock texture and structure have completely disintegrated.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.187
The native Chinese bullfrog has become locally extinct in Hong Kong owing to the disappearance of wet agricultural land.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.272
The native species Nephrolepis cordifolia is one of the ferns widely planted in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.473
The mangrove horseshoe crab is commonly found in estuaries along the coasts of Southeast Asia and southern China.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.400
The tail spine of the mangrove horseshoe crab has a smooth surface and a circular cross-section, and is longer than the shell body.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.401
About 143 to 142 million years ago, the margin of the South China convergent plate continued to move southeastward and volcanic eruptions intensified.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.191
About 148 to 146 million years ago, the southeastern margin of the South China convergent plate moved southeastwards, and volcanic activity also shifted to the southeast.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.191
About 148 to 146 million years ago, the caldera moved from central New Territories to central Lantau Island.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.191
About 380 million years ago in the Late Devonian, lycopsids, horsetails and true ferns flourished, while psilophytes gradually became extinct.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.467
About 7,000 years ago, Hong Kong was sparsely populated and retained large areas of primary forest.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.23
About twenty plant species, including Rhododendron hongkongense, Camellia hongkongensis and Acer tutcheri, were first discovered and recorded in Hong Kong.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.29
About eighteen species of trees, including Aporosa dioica and Tetrapanax papyrifer, have not been found in the natural environment in recent years and can only be confirmed from specimens and literature records.
來源 《香港志·自然》環境保護與生態保育（香港地方志中心） · p.64
About 182 million years ago, the Hong Kong area was in a volcanic arc setting.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然環境（香港地方志中心） · p.190
Osmunda vachellii is a rare fern with a narrow global distribution, and its conservation in Hong Kong is urgent.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.476
Osmunda vachellii was originally regarded as endemic to Hong Kong, but was removed from that status after being found in Guangdong Province.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.476
Echinometra mathaei is commonly found on sandy-mud substrates in the lower intertidal zone of Tolo Harbour.
來源 《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態（香港地方志中心） · p.429
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