律政司說明：憲制框架來自全國人民代表大會根據《中國憲法》第三十一條制定的《基本法》。根據「一國兩制」，香港法律制度有別於中國內地，以普通法輔以成文法。現行法例可在電子版香港法例查閱。
司法機構負責刑事檢控與民事爭議的審判，司法機關完全獨立於行政和立法機關。終審權屬於香港終審法院，見《基本法》及本站政制專題。本頁不把個別案件或條例條文全文複製。
司法機構每年出版《香港司法機構年報》，公布各級法院（裁判法院、區域法院、高等法院原訟庭與上訴庭、終審法院）的年度案件結案數字、輪候時間、法官及司法人員編制；律政司亦公布刑事檢控專員按罪行類別分組的檢控率、定罪率與判刑統計，全部屬有明確年度的官方數據。此等法院產量及檢控統計目前未在本站逐項列舉。
政府牌費、定額罰款（例如違例泊車 $320、輕微交通違例 $450 現行金額）及歷年加價或調整日期，由運輸署、財經事務及庫務局在《香港政府憲報》逐年刊登，並有明確生效時點，屬可完全結構化的法定收費數據；本站目前只列舉制度原則，未把歷年法定收費表按類別匯入。
仍未收錄的官方硬數據（全部有明確年度）：① 司法機構各級法院年度結案數、輪候時間、法官編制按年 ② 律政司刑事檢控專員按罪行類別的檢控率、定罪率與判刑統計 ③ 運輸署／財庫局在憲報刊登的各類車牌費、駕駛執照費、定額罰款（$320/$450 等）歷年調整日期及金額 ④ 公司註冊處、土地註冊處等法定登記部門的年度註冊量與牌費收入。刻意留白：未經司法機構公布的個案結果、律師行私人收費、未經憲報刊登的收費調整一律唔引用。
English
The Department of Justice states that the constitutional framework is the Basic Law, enacted by the National People’s Congress under Article 31 of the Chinese Constitution. Under “one country, two systems” the legal system is distinct from the mainland: common law supplemented by statute. Current ordinances are on Hong Kong e-Legislation.
The Judiciary hears criminal prosecutions and civil disputes and is wholly independent of the executive and the legislature. The power of final adjudication is vested in the Court of Final Appeal, as covered in the government topic and the Basic Law. Individual cases and full ordinance text are not copied here.
The Judiciary issues an annual report listing yearly case dispositions, waiting times and judicial and judicial-officer establishment across all tiers — magistracies, the District Court, the High Court’s Court of First Instance and Court of Appeal, and the Court of Final Appeal. The Department of Justice also publishes prosecution rates, conviction rates and sentencing statistics, grouped by offence category, from the Director of Public Prosecutions. All carry a clear year stamp and are not yet individually itemised here.
Government licence fees, fixed penalties (for example the current $320 for illegal parking and $450 for minor traffic contraventions) and the historical dates of each rise or revision are gazetted year by year by the Transport Department and the Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau, with precise effective dates. They are fully structured statutory-fee data; this site currently states the institutional principle and has not imported the historical statutory fee schedules by category.
Official hard figures not yet recorded (all carry an explicit year): (1) Judiciary annual case dispositions, waiting times and judicial establishment by court level, year by year; (2) Department of Justice Director of Public Prosecutions prosecution rates, conviction rates and sentencing statistics by offence category; (3) Transport Department / FSTB gazetted vehicle-licence fees, driving-licence fees and fixed-penalty amounts ($320/$450, etc.) together with every historical revision date and amount; (4) annual registration volumes and fee revenues for the Companies Registry, Land Registry and comparable statutory registration departments. Deliberately left blank: unpublished individual case outcomes, private solicitors’ fees and fee adjustments not yet gazetted are deliberately not cited.
Hong Kong has no standalone statutory "right to one’s own image". Unauthorised use of a person’s image is addressed mainly under the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486) and its data-protection principles, plus passing-off, trade-mark infringement or defamation.
No. Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People’s Republic of China, not a country — but the Basic Law gives it its own currency, customs territory, legal system and immigration regime, so the “special” is substantive.
Same sovereignty, different systems. Hong Kong keeps the common law, its own currency, a separate customs territory and its own immigration regime — the operational meaning of “one country, two systems”.
The Hong Kong National Security Law has 66 articles in six chapters and covers four categories of offences: secession, subversion, terrorist activities, and collusion with foreign or external forces.
No. Capital punishment has been abolished in Hong Kong; the maximum penalty for murder and similar offences is life imprisonment, and the last execution took place in the 1960s.
SAR 即 Special Administrative Region（特別行政區）。香港是中華人民共和國香港特別行政區，是國家之下的地方行政區域，直轄於中央人民政府。
SAR stands for Special Administrative Region. Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China — a local administrative region directly under the Central People’s Government.
The Chief Executive is returned by the Election Committee under the procedure in Annex I of the Basic Law, and is then appointed by the Central People’s Government — the local election is only half of the process.
No. The nationality of Hong Kong residents is Chinese — Hong Kong is not a source of nationality. The HKSAR passport is a travel document, not a nationality.
Three: HSBC, Bank of China (Hong Kong) and Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong). Their notes are backed by the certificate of indebtedness arrangement administered by the HKMA.
Daily swings come from fund flows, overseas markets, rate expectations, the currency and sector policy news. Longer-term moves follow earnings and liquidity — a single day’s fall is not by itself evidence about the economy.
The fixed-penalty fine for illegal parking is set by statute and adjusted through statutory procedures, with past increases gazetted. The actual amounts, licence fees and the historical trajectory of fixed-penalty fines are official statutory data cited here per official announcements.
Live politics, party dynamics, legislative debates and policy controversies involve competing viewpoints and real-time change without unified official hard data. The site records only government-press-release headlines and gazetted/LegCo official texts, so this area is left blank.
Since 1 July 1997 Hong Kong has been the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. Sovereignty rests with China, but under the Basic Law it enjoys a high degree of autonomy, an independent judiciary and the common law.
Hong Kong has no standalone statutory "right to one’s own image". Protection of a person’s likeness falls mainly under the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance and privacy case law; collecting or using personal data without consent can amount to a privacy breach.
Hong Kong has no single minimum age for the front seat as such, but under the Road Traffic (Safety Equipment) Regulations (Cap. 374F): a child under three in a private car’s front seat must use an approved child seat; and from 1 November 2025 any child under eight and under 1.35 m tall must use a suitable child restraint device in front or rear seats.
Bitcoin contracts and other virtual-asset derivatives are regulated investment activities, and the list of available platforms changes constantly—it is market information. Hong Kong’s regulatory history and market size are official hard data; the eligibility of specific platforms and contracts follows the latest SFC and related announcements.
According to the Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong’s crude divorce rate in 2025 was about 2.59 per 1,000 persons aged 15 and over — roughly 2.6 divorces per thousand people of that age.
Hong Kong has abolished the death penalty. In 1993 the Legislative Council passed the Crimes (Amendment) Ordinance, replacing all capital sentences with life imprisonment; the last execution took place in November 1966. Post-1997 the Basic Law preserves the laws previously in force, so the abolition stands.
The statutory minimum marriage age in Hong Kong is 16 (in completed years). However, persons aged 16 to under 21 must obtain the written consent of a parent or legal guardian; if no qualified person can give consent, the court may grant it.
Hong Kong has no mainland-style pre-marital property registration and follows the common-law separate property regime. Assets acquired before marriage generally remain the separate property of the original owner and are not automatically split equally on divorce. However, when granting ancillary relief, the court considers all resources of both parties (including pre-marital assets) and makes a fair distribution based on the circumstances.
喺香港，立遺囑人過身後，遺囑執行人須向高等法院遺囑認證處申請「遺囑認證書」（Grant of Probate）先可執行遺囑。若無遺囑，則由近親申請「遺產管理書」。涉及內地資產嘅遺囑，香港嘅遺囑認證書喺內地唔直接生效，需要按內地《繼承法》另辦繼承手續。
In Hong Kong, after the testator passes away, the executor must apply to the Probate Registry of the High Court for a Grant of Probate before the will can be executed. If there is no will, a close relative applies for a Letter of Administration. For a will involving Mainland assets, a Hong Kong Grant of Probate does not directly take effect in the Mainland and separate inheritance procedures under Mainland law are required.
相關年鑑年份 Yearbook years
延伸閱讀 Further reading
適合學術引用嘅參考文獻：官方出版物、政府報告、學術著作。每項附引用格式同研究價值說明。
法定文件 Legislation
《中華人民共和國香港特別行政區基本法》（1990 年公布，1997 年實施）。
Basic Law of the HKSAR (promulgated 1990, effective 1997).
