政制與政府

繁體中文

1997 年 7 月 1 日香港成為中華人民共和國特別行政區，《基本法》生效。《基本法》以法律形式訂明「一國兩制」、「港人治港」和高度自治，並訂明原有制度和生活方式五十年不變。 行政長官是香港特別行政區及特區政府的首長，由選舉委員會選出、中央人民政府任命，並由行政會議協助決策。立法會是立法機關。第八屆立法會由 90 名議員組成：選舉委員會 40 席、功能界別 30 席、分區直接選舉 20 席，任期 2026 年 1 月 1 日至 2029 年 12 月 31 日。 司法方面，香港享有獨立司法權和終審權，最高上訴法院為終審法院。法院體系包括終審法院、高等法院（上訴法庭及原訟法庭）、區域法院、裁判法院及其他專門法庭。 地方行政方面，全港設十八個區議會分區。地區行政計劃於 1982 年實施，各區設立區議會，以協調地區層面的服務及設施。

English

Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China on 1 July 1997, when the Basic Law came into effect. The Basic Law sets out “one country, two systems”, “Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong”, and a high degree of autonomy, and provides that the previous capitalist system and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50 years. The Chief Executive is the head of the HKSAR and of its Government, chosen by the Election Committee and appointed by the Central People’s Government, and assisted by the Executive Council. The Legislative Council is the legislature. The Eighth Legislative Council has 90 members: 40 from the Election Committee, 30 from functional constituencies and 20 from geographical constituencies, serving from 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2029. Hong Kong has independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication. The Court of Final Appeal is the highest court. The court system also includes the High Court (Court of Appeal and Court of First Instance), the District Court, Magistrates’ Courts and other specialist courts. Locally, Hong Kong is divided into 18 districts. The District Administration Scheme began in 1982, with a District Council in each district to help coordinate services and facilities at district level.