歷任港督 / Governor

砵甸乍

Henry Pottinger

1843–1844年在任

領域:政治人物

繁體中文

砵甸乍(Henry Pottinger,1789年10月3日—1856年3月18日)是英國軍人及殖民地官員,出身於愛爾蘭唐郡一個軍人家庭,父親埃爾德雷德·柯溫·砵甸乍曾任軍官。1804年佢抵達印度,1806年加入東印度公司,1809年以中尉身分參與對馬拉塔人嘅戰事;其後佢打扮成商人,深入信德與波斯一帶測量探險,1816年寫成《Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde》一書,喺英屬印度聲名鵲起,1840年獲封從男爵。早在印度期間,佢曾參與1817年對平達里人嘅戰事,並先後出任駐信德同卡奇嘅代表,累積咗外交同談判經驗。1841年佢接替義律出任駐華全權代表,代表英方於1842年8月29日喺英艦皋華麗號上簽署《南京條約》。1843年4月5日英廷頒布《英皇制誥》,佢於6月26日宣誓就任香港首任總督,同年12月獲頒 GCB 勳銜。佢依據《英皇制誥》及《皇室訓令》建立行政局及立法局,並委任莊士敦、摩理臣、金尼等官守議員;1844年1月11日佢親自主持立法局首次會議,2月26日通過首條法例。任內政府財政緊絀,官員質素與治安問題叢生,佢亦須處理英商與華人之間嘅糾紛;佔領香港後,佢於1842年10月27日宣布香港為自由港,吸引各國商船前來。1844年5月7日佢卸任,任期僅約十一個月,係歷任港督中最短,之後由戴維斯繼任。離任後佢先後出任開普殖民地總督同馬德拉斯總督,1851年晉升中將,1856年3月18日喺馬爾他逝世,終年六十六歲。中環砵典乍街同砵甸乍山均以佢命名。

English

Henry Pottinger (1789–1856) was a British soldier and colonial administrator from an Irish military family in County Down; his father, Eldred Curwen Pottinger, was an army officer. Reaching India in 1804, he joined the East India Company in 1806, fought the Marathas as a lieutenant in 1809, and later travelled in disguise as a merchant through Sind and Persia, publishing 'Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde' in 1816; his surveying and diplomacy in India made his name, and he was created a baronet in 1840. Succeeding Charles Elliot as Britain's plenipotentiary in China in 1841, he signed the Treaty of Nanking for Britain aboard HMS Cornwallis on 29 August 1842. Under the Letters Patent issued on 5 April 1843 he was sworn in on 26 June 1843 as the first Governor of Hong Kong and received the GCB that December. He created the Executive Council and the Legislative Council and appointed official members including Alexander Johnston, John Robert Morrison and Charles Kinney; on 11 January 1844 he presided over the Legislative Council's first sitting, and on 26 February 1844 the first ordinance was passed. Fiscal strain, poor administration and disputes between British merchants and Chinese residents marked his tenure; he left office on 7 May 1844 after barely eleven months, the shortest of any Hong Kong governor. He later governed the Cape Colony and Madras, became a lieutenant-general in 1851 and died in Malta on 18 March 1856, aged 66. Pottinger Street and Mount Pottinger in Hong Kong are named after him.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

殖民地行政官員、首任香港總督

年期Active period

1843–1844年在任

代表作Notable works

《南京條約》英方全權代表;依《英皇制誥》成立行政局與立法局

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-13

權威檔 Authority record

一個人一個穩定代號(slug)同呢幾項別名,跨頁統一引用;外連指向同一人物的權威出處。

  • Sir Henry Pottinger · name

    全稱

  • 璞鼎查 · variant

    清代文獻譯名

  • 首位港督 · variant

    身份

  • 砵甸乍爵士 · variant

    尊稱

同一權威識別:https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318172

主要成就 Key Achievements

1842

代表英方簽署《南京條約》,取得香港

Signed the Treaty of Nanking for Britain, securing Hong Kong

1843

宣誓就任首任香港總督,設立行政局與立法局

Was sworn in as the first Governor of Hong Kong and created the Executive and Legislative Councils

1844

親自主持立法局首次會議

Presided over the first sitting of the Legislative Council

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

砵甸乍以《南京條約》英方代表身分取得香港,並喺短短十一個月任期內奠定行政、立法兩局嘅憲制框架。這套「總督會同兩局」嘅管治模式延續逾百五十年,直至1997年,係香港殖民體制嘅原點。

English

As Britain's plenipotentiary at the Treaty of Nanking, Pottinger secured Hong Kong, and in barely eleven months in office he laid down the constitutional framework of the Executive and Legislative Councils. This system of rule by the Governor with the two councils lasted for more than 150 years, until 1997, making him the starting point of Hong Kong's colonial governance.

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