歷任港督 / Governor

卜力

Henry Arthur Blake

1898–1903年在任

領域:政治人物

繁體中文

卜力(Henry Arthur Blake,1840—1918),生於愛爾蘭利默里克,別稱「卜公」。他出身於愛爾蘭一個警察家庭,父親曾任愛爾蘭警察督察;年輕時當過布行學徒,其後投身殖民地行政工作,並愛好園藝。來港前,他先後出任巴哈馬總督(1884—1887)、紐芬蘭總督(1887—1888)及牙買加總督(1889—1898)。1898年11月25日,他就任第十二任香港總督,主張盡量以和平方式處理新界問題。上任後,他派總警司梅含理接收新界並建立警署,落實《展拓香港界址專條》。《展拓香港界址專條》在他抵港前約五個月簽訂。1899年4月,英方在大埔舉行升旗儀式時遭鄉民武裝抵抗,史稱「新界六日戰爭」,英軍其後攻入錦田吉慶圍並拆走圍門鐵門;同年底,政府陸續在新界推行土地登記、田土與稅收制度。1900年庚子事變期間,大批內地居民南來,6月香港瘟疫嚴重,港府查出疫源與太平山街一帶老鼠有關,一度以每隻兩仙酬金鼓勵捕鼠,其後改用老鼠箱;同年,何啟等華人精英亦遊說他支持華南成立共和國的構想。1900年,李鴻章途經香港時,亦曾到港督府與他就時局舉行秘密會談。他任內鋪設電車軌道(1904年通車),天星小輪、先施百貨及《南華早報》亦先後創立。1903年11月,他任滿轉任錫蘭總督(1903—1907)。他接替羅便臣出任港督,離任後由彌敦接任。中環卜公碼頭、上環卜公花園及洋紫荊(Bauhinia × blakeana)均以他命名。

English

Sir Henry Arthur Blake (1840–1918), nicknamed 'Po Kung', was born in Limerick, Ireland. Before coming to Hong Kong he governed the Bahamas (1884–1887), Newfoundland (1887–1888) and Jamaica (1889–1898), and took office as the colony's twelfth Governor on 25 November 1898, favouring as peaceful an approach as possible to the New Territories question. He sent Chief Superintendent Francis May to take over the New Territories and build police stations under the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory; in April 1899 the British flag-raising at Tai Po met armed resistance in what became known as the Six-Day War, after which troops entered Kat Hing Wai at Kam Tin and removed its iron gates, and by the end of the year land registration and revenue systems were extended across the territory. During the Boxer crisis of 1900 refugees poured in and, in June, plague was traced to rats around Tai Ping Shan Street; the government briefly paid two cents a rat before switching to rat boxes, and Chinese leaders including Ho Kai lobbied him that year over a proposed South China republic. Tram tracks were laid during his term and opened in 1904, and the Star Ferry, the Sincere department store and the South China Morning Post were all founded. In November 1903 he left to govern Ceylon (1903–1907). Blake Pier in Central, Blake Garden in Sheung Wan and the Hong Kong orchid tree Bauhinia x blakeana are named after him.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

殖民地行政官員、第十二任香港總督

年期Active period

1898–1903年在任

代表作Notable works

接收新界、處理1899年新界鄉民抗英

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-13

權威檔 Authority record

一個人一個穩定代號(slug)同呢幾項別名,跨頁統一引用;外連指向同一人物的權威出處。

  • Sir Henry Arthur Blake · name

    全稱

  • 卜力爵士 · variant

    尊稱

同一權威識別:https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318184

主要成就 Key Achievements

1898

就任第十二任香港總督。

Became the twelfth Governor of Hong Kong.

1899

接收新界,鄉民在大埔武裝抵抗(新界六日戰爭),英軍其後攻入吉慶圍。

Took over the New Territories, where the Six-Day War broke out and troops entered Kat Hing Wai.

1903

任滿轉任錫蘭總督。

Left Hong Kong to become Governor of Ceylon.

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

卜力任內落實《展拓香港界址專條》並接收新界,其政府處理1899年鄉民武裝反抗、推行土地登記與稅收制度,為英國管治新界確立行政框架。任內鋪設電車軌道,多間日後影響深遠的商號與機構相繼創立,中環卜公碼頭與卜公花園至今仍以他命名。

English

Blake implemented the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory and took over the New Territories, and his administration's handling of the 1899 armed resistance and its introduction of land registration and revenue systems established the administrative framework of British rule there. Tram tracks were laid in his term, several firms and institutions that proved enduring were founded, and Blake Pier and Blake Garden still carry his name.

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