繁體中文
盧押（Frederick Lugard，1858年1月22日－1945年4月11日），全名 Frederick John Dealtry Lugard，係軍人出身嘅英國殖民地官員同探險家，喺英屬印度馬德拉斯出世，父親係隨軍牧師。他早年喺印度、阿富汗、蘇丹同緬甸服役，之後轉往非洲，先後喺尼亞薩蘭、烏干達同北尼日利亞建立殖民地秩序，並以征服北尼日利亞嘅軍事行動成名。1907年7月，他出任第十四任香港總督，任期至1912年，當時全港人口約五十萬。上任後他大力游說倫敦同華人社會支持成立一所大學，理由係香港需要高等學府來訓練本地人才，並同列強喺中國開辦嘅院校競爭；建議得到兩廣總督、印度商人麼地同本地華人何啟等人支持。1911年立法局通過條例設立香港大學，他兼任首任校長，1912年3月11日主持開幕，大學嘅興建得麼地、遮打等商人同華商捐款支持。1910年10月1日，九廣鐵路英段全線通車，由尖沙咀直達羅湖，全長約二十二英里，令新界同九龍之間嘅人流物流大增。他任內亦處理走私、治安同九龍城寨等邊界問題，整頓新界嘅土地登記同行政管理，並推動高等法院同郵政總局等公共建設。1912年他離任返國，由梅含理接任總督。此後他重返尼日利亞，主持南北兩保護國嘅合併，1914年出任統一後嘅尼日利亞總督，任內以《熱帶非洲的雙重使命》一書闡述「間接統治」理論，影響日後英國嘅殖民政策。他1902年同記者 Flora Shaw 結婚，據說「Nigeria」呢個名字由她提出。他1928年受封阿賓格男爵，1945年4月11日逝世。
English
Frederick Lugard (22 January 1858 – 11 April 1945), full name Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, was a British soldier, explorer and colonial administrator, born in Madras, British India, the son of a military chaplain. He served in India, Afghanistan, Sudan and Burma before moving to Africa, where he helped establish colonial control in Nyasaland, Uganda and Northern Nigeria. In July 1907 he became the fourteenth Governor of Hong Kong, serving until 1912, when the colony had a population of about half a million. He campaigned hard for a university, arguing that Hong Kong needed higher education to train local talent and to compete with the institutions that rival powers were opening in China; his proposal won backing from the Viceroy of Liangguang, the Indian merchant Mody and the local Chinese reformer Ho Kai. In 1911 the Legislative Council passed the ordinance founding the University of Hong Kong, of which Lugard became the first Chancellor, presiding over its opening on 11 March 1912; it was built with donations from Mody, Chater and Chinese merchants. On 1 October 1910 the British section of the Kowloon-Canton Railway opened throughout, running about 22 miles from Tsim Sha Tsui to Lo Wu and greatly increasing the movement of people and goods between Kowloon and the New Territories. He also dealt with smuggling, public order and boundary questions such as the Kowloon Walled City, overhauled land registration and administration in the New Territories, and promoted public works including the law courts and the General Post Office. Leaving Hong Kong in 1912, he was succeeded as Governor by Francis May, and returned to Nigeria to merge its northern and southern protectorates, becoming Governor of a united Nigeria in 1914, where his book The Dual Mandate in Tropical Africa set out his theory of indirect rule, which shaped later British colonial policy. He married the journalist Flora Shaw in 1902, said to have coined the name 'Nigeria'. Created Baron Lugard of Abinger in 1928, he died on 11 April 1945.
