繁體中文
葛量洪（Sir Alexander William George Herder Grantham，1899年3月15日－1978年10月4日），英國殖民地官員，1947年7月25日出任第22任香港總督，任期至1957年12月31日，前後10年5個月，係香港歷史上任期第二長嘅港督。佢喺英格蘭薩里郡蘇比頓出生，1922年加入英國殖民地行政服務，隨即被派到香港任官學生（政務官），前後喺香港工作約13年至1935年。此後佢歷任百慕達輔政司（1935至1938年）、牙買加輔政司（1938至1941年）、尼日利亞布政司（1941至1944年）；二次大戰期間長駐西非，並無留喺淪陷嘅香港（當年被日軍囚禁於赤柱嘅，係佢前任港督楊慕琦）。1945年佢獲擢升為斐濟總督兼西太平洋高級專員，直至1947年調任香港。他上任時，香港因內地戰事同政局動盪，大批難民南來，人口急增，由戰後初期約六十萬急升至1950年超過二百萬；1950年韓戰爆發後，聯合國對華實施禁運，轉口貿易大受打擊，香港被迫轉向製造業，紡織、製衣等工業迅速擴張。1953年12月25日，石硤尾寮屋區發生大火，一夜之間令約五萬人無家可歸；葛量洪作風務實，即日巡視災場，隨即拍板興建徙置大廈，1954年成立徙置事務處，同年喺石硤尾建成首批八座六層高嘅徙置大廈，展開香港公共房屋嘅第一步。他任內亦要處理大量內地難民嘅安置同就業，人口政策成為施政重心。1956年10月，右派同左派陣營衝突演成雙十暴動，政府要出動軍警才恢復秩序。1953年下水嘅滅火輪「葛量洪號」以他命名，該船由香港黃埔船塢建造，一直係消防處滅火輪隊嘅旗艦，2002年退役後由香港歷史博物館收藏，並喺鰂魚涌公園設展覽館。佢任內要喺冷戰格局下，應付國共兩黨喺香港嘅角力同宣傳戰；1950年代香港人口由戰後嘅六十萬急升至1950年代中接近三百萬，住屋、食水同就業都承受巨大壓力。石硤尾大火唔單止係災難，亦暴露咗寮屋區嘅安全同衞生問題，促使政府正視基層住屋需要。徙置大廈每戶面積細小、設施簡陋，但為數以十萬計嘅災民提供咗棲身之所。佢作風硬朗果斷，被視為戰後香港強勢管治嘅代表，任內同時兼任香港大學校監，並喺1952年獲港大頒授名譽法學博士。佢離任時，香港已由轉口港蛻變為以輕工業為主嘅城市。佢1957年底卸任，由柏立基接任，晚年出版回憶錄《Via Ports: From Hong Kong to Hong Kong》回顧其公務歲月。
English
Sir Alexander William George Herder Grantham (15 March 1899 – 4 October 1978) was a British colonial administrator who served as the 22nd Governor of Hong Kong from 25 July 1947 to 31 December 1957, a tenure of ten years and five months that was the second longest in the territory's history. Born in Surbiton, Surrey, he joined the British Colonial Administrative Service in 1922 and was posted to Hong Kong as a cadet, serving there for about thirteen years until 1935. He was then Colonial Secretary of Bermuda (1935–1938) and of Jamaica (1938–1941), and Chief Secretary of Nigeria (1941–1944); during the Second World War he worked in West Africa and was not in occupied Hong Kong, where the governor interned by the Japanese was his predecessor Mark Young. In 1945 he was promoted to Governor of Fiji and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific, holding that post until he was appointed to Hong Kong in 1947. He arrived as the population was soaring because of refugees fleeing conflict and upheaval on the mainland, rising from roughly 600,000 after the war to more than two million by 1950, and after the Korean War began in 1950 a UN embargo on trade with China damaged the entrepot business, pushing the colony toward manufacturing as textiles and garments expanded quickly. On Christmas night, 25 December 1953, a fire in the Shek Kip Mei squatter area left around 50,000 people homeless; Grantham, a practical and decisive man, inspected the site the same day and immediately ordered resettlement blocks to be built. The Resettlement Department was set up in 1954 and eight six-storey blocks at Shek Kip Mei were completed that year, the first step in Hong Kong's public housing programme. He also had to house and employ a flood of refugees, making population policy a central task, and in October 1956 clashes between rightist and leftist camps erupted into the Double Tenth riots, requiring troops and police to restore order. The fireboat Alexander Grantham, built in 1953 by the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company and named after him, was the flagship of the Fire Services Department's marine fleet until it was retired in 2002 and preserved by the Hong Kong Museum of History, with an exhibition gallery at Quarry Bay Park. He left office at the end of 1957, handing over to Robert Black, and later published the memoir Via Ports: From Hong Kong to Hong Kong.
