歷任港督 / Governor

麥理浩

Murray MacLehose

1917–2000

領域:政治人物

繁體中文

麥理浩(Murray MacLehose,1917–2000)生於蘇格蘭格拉斯哥,先後喺牛津大學及倫敦大學亞非學院就讀,通曉中文;來港前佢曾任英國駐越南同丹麥大使。1971年11月他出任香港第二十五任總督,任期十年半,是香港歷史上在任最久嘅港督,也是塑造現代香港嘅關鍵人物。他上任後推行十年建屋計劃(1972),大幅增加公共房屋供應,並加快發展荃灣、沙田、屯門等新市鎮。1973年股市崩潰,加上總警司葛柏貪污潛逃,他遂於1974年成立總督特派廉政專員公署(廉政公署),徹底改變政府與社會嘅廉潔面貌。1976年政府制訂郊野公園條例,保育香港約四成土地,1979年開放以他命名嘅麥理浩徑;1978年推行九年免費教育,1975年地下鐵路動工,其後逐步落成,並推行居者有其屋計劃。他任內又擴大立法局議席,由1966年嘅約二十六席增至1980年嘅五十四席,並擴展醫療、福利同勞工保障。1979年3月他訪問北京會見鄧小平,成為首位正式向中方提出香港前途問題嘅港督,為日後中英談判揭開序幕。1982年他離任,由尤德接任,同年獲冊封為終身貴族,2000年逝世。他1917年生於蘇格蘭格拉斯哥,先後喺牛津大學貝利奧爾學院同倫敦大學亞非學院修讀,1930年代末曾以學生翻譯身分到中國。佢來港前曾任英國駐越南大使(1967至1969年)同駐丹麥大使(1969至1971年),1971年11月19日抵港履新。佢任內亦推行居者有其屋計劃同社會福利白皮書,並大幅擴建醫院同學校。西貢嘅麥理浩夫人度假村以佢妻子命名。1982年離任後他獲封終身貴族,晉身上議院,2000年5月31日逝世。麥理浩任內香港經濟快速增長,人口由1971年嘅約四百萬增至1980年代嘅五百多萬,逐步發展成國際金融中心;1979年地下鐵路首段通車,其後網絡不斷擴展。佢推行嘅十年建屋計劃、九年免費教育同廉政公署,奠定咗現代香港嘅制度基礎。佢亦重視環境保育,1976年制訂郊野公園條例,保育香港約四成土地,1979年開放以佢命名嘅麥理浩徑。1970年代末大量越南船民湧入香港,港府設立難民營應對,成為佢任內嘅重大挑戰;佢任內亦適逢香港社會運動蓬勃,包括爭取中文成為法定語文同反貪污運動。佢離任時立法局議席已由1966年嘅約二十六席增至1980年嘅五十四席;1982年離任後佢返英,獲封終身貴族,晉身上議院,2000年5月31日逝世。麥理浩任內亦推動香港國際化,令香港逐步發展成國際貿易同金融中心;佢離任時,香港已由轉口港蛻變為現代都會。

English

Murray MacLehose (1917–2000) was born in Glasgow, Scotland, educated at Oxford and at the School of Oriental and African Studies, and spoke Chinese; before coming to Hong Kong he was British Ambassador to Vietnam and then to Denmark. He became Hong Kong's 25th Governor in November 1971 and served ten and a half years, the longest tenure of any Governor and a decisive one in shaping modern Hong Kong. He launched the Ten-Year Housing Programme in 1972, greatly expanding public housing and speeding up new towns such as Tsuen Wan, Sha Tin and Tuen Mun. After the 1973 stock market crash and the flight of the corruption-tainted senior superintendent Peter Godber, he established the Independent Commission Against Corruption in 1974, transforming the integrity of government and society. The Country Parks Ordinance of 1976 protected about forty per cent of Hong Kong's land, the MacLehose Trail named after him opened in 1979, and nine-year free education followed in 1978; work on the Mass Transit Railway began in 1975 and the Home Ownership Scheme broadened access to flats. He also expanded the Legislative Council, raising its membership from about 26 in 1966 to 54 by 1980, and widened medical, welfare and labour protections. In March 1979 he visited Beijing and met Deng Xiaoping, the first Governor formally to raise Hong Kong's future with China, opening the way to the later Sino-British negotiations. He left office in 1982, succeeded by Edward Youde, and was created a life peer the same year; he died in 2000. Born in Glasgow in 1917, he studied at Balliol College, Oxford and at the School of Oriental and African Studies, and in the late 1930s went to China as a student interpreter. Before Hong Kong he was British Ambassador to South Vietnam (1967-1969) and to Denmark (1969-1971), arriving to take up the governorship on 19 November 1971. In office he also introduced the Home Ownership Scheme and social-welfare white papers and greatly expanded hospitals and schools. The Lady MacLehose Holiday Village in Sai Kung is named after his wife. After leaving office in 1982 he was made a life peer, sitting in the House of Lords, and died on 31 May 2000.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

外交官、殖民地行政官員、第二十五任香港總督

年期Active period

1917–2000

代表作Notable works

成立廉政公署、推行十年建屋計劃及九年免費教育

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-13

權威檔 Authority record

一個人一個穩定代號(slug)同呢幾項別名,跨頁統一引用;外連指向同一人物的權威出處。

  • Crawford Murray MacLehose · name

    全名

  • Lord MacLehose of Beoch · variant

    封爵後稱號

  • Jock the Sock · variant

    暱稱

同一權威識別:https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137031

主要成就 Key Achievements

1972

推行十年建屋計劃,並加快發展荃灣、沙田、屯門等新市鎮

Launched the Ten-Year Housing Programme and accelerated the development of new towns such as Tsuen Wan, Sha Tin and Tuen Mun

1974

成立總督特派廉政專員公署(廉政公署),打擊貪污

Established the Independent Commission Against Corruption to fight corruption

1979

訪問北京會見鄧小平,成為首位正式向中方提出香港前途問題的港督

Visited Beijing and met Deng Xiaoping, the first Governor formally to raise Hong Kong's future with China

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

麥理浩嘅十年建屋、九年免費教育同郊野公園政策,奠定咗現代香港嘅居住、教育同保育框架。廉政公署嘅成立重塑社會廉潔風氣,而佢把香港前途問題帶到北京,則揭開咗中英談判嘅序幕。佢在任最久,其改革長期影響香港嘅公共服務同城市面貌。

English

MacLehose's Ten-Year Housing Programme, nine-year free education and country-park policy set the framework for modern Hong Kong's housing, schooling and conservation. The founding of the ICAC reshaped the city's culture of integrity, and carrying the question of Hong Kong's future to Beijing opened the way to the Sino-British negotiations. As the longest-serving Governor, his reforms left a lasting mark on public services and the city's shape.

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