歷任港督 / Governor

梅含理

Francis Henry May

1860年–1922年

領域:政治人物

繁體中文

梅含理(Francis Henry May,1860年—1922年),1860年3月14日生於愛爾蘭都柏林,父親是愛爾蘭首席法官,他先後就讀於哈羅公學與都柏林三一學院。1881年,他獲香港政府聘任為官學生,其後赴北京學習中文兩年,因此通曉廣東話,早年多處理與華人相關的警務與行政事務。1893年至1901年,他出任香港警察隊長(警察司),任內曾指揮新界「六日戰爭」中的香港警察及部分英軍。1902年,他獲委任為輔政司;1911年至1912年,他轉任斐濟總督兼西太平洋高級專員。1912年7月4日,他正式出任第十五任香港總督,此前他已在港府服務三十餘年,對本地事務相當熟悉。上任當日,他在卜公碼頭登岸時遭槍手李漢雄行刺,並未受傷,仍按原定行程到大會堂宣誓就職,是歷任港督中唯一曾遭意圖行刺的一位;此後港督出入改乘汽車,他亦成為第一位乘坐汽車的港督。任內他曾禁止中國錢幣在港流通,觸發1912至1913年的拒搭電車運動;他又於1913年訂立《教育條例》,要求私立學校註冊並接受監管,並在1914年頒布《叛亂刊物條例》,用以限制煽動性的言論與出版物。第一次世界大戰爆發後,在港英籍人士被徵召服役,他興建警察學校以補充警力。1918年2月26日,跑馬地馬場發生大火,造成逾六百人死亡,政府事後檢討木構建築與公共場所的安全。同年,他因心臟病赴加拿大休養,並於1919年獲准提早退休,1922年逝世。半山的梅道及香港大學的梅堂均以他命名;他在香港前後居住共三十八年,是歷任港督中居港時間最長的一位。他任內香港人口持續增長,治安與公共衛生隨之成為施政重點。

English

Sir Francis Henry May (1860–1922) was born in Dublin on 14 March 1860, the son of the Chief Justice of Ireland, and educated at Harrow and Trinity College Dublin. In 1881 he was appointed a cadet in the Hong Kong government and spent two years in Beijing learning Chinese, becoming fluent in Cantonese. Captain Superintendent of Police from 1893 to 1901 — commanding the Hong Kong police and some British troops during the six-day war in the New Territories — he was appointed Colonial Secretary in 1902 and governed Fiji as High Commissioner for the Western Pacific from 1911 to 1912 before taking office as Hong Kong's fifteenth Governor on 4 July 1912. Landing at Blake Pier that day he was shot at by the assassin Li Hon-hung but was unhurt, insisting on going on to the City Hall to be sworn in — the only Hong Kong governor to have been the target of an assassination attempt; afterwards governors travelled by car, and May was the first to do so. His ban on the circulation of Chinese coins triggered the tram boycott of 1912–1913. He enacted the Education Ordinance of 1913 requiring private schools to register and issued the Seditious Publications Ordinance of 1914, and, with British residents called up in the First World War, founded a police school to rebuild the force. The Happy Valley racecourse fire of 26 February 1918 killed more than six hundred people and prompted a review of timber buildings and public safety. Leaving for Canada in 1918 with a heart condition, he was allowed to retire early in 1919 and died in 1922. May Road on the Mid-Levels and May Hall at the University of Hong Kong are named after him, and he lived in Hong Kong for thirty-eight years, longer than any other governor.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

殖民地行政官員、前警察司、第十五任香港總督

年期Active period

1860年–1922年

代表作Notable works

應對1918年跑馬地馬場大火

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-13

權威檔 Authority record

一個人一個穩定代號(slug)同呢幾項別名,跨頁統一引用;外連指向同一人物的權威出處。

  • Sir Francis Henry May · name

    全稱

  • 梅舍理 · variant

    異譯

同一權威識別:https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318170

主要成就 Key Achievements

1893

出任香港警察隊長(警察司),至1901年。

Became Captain Superintendent of Police, serving until 1901.

1912

7月4日出任第十五任香港總督,登岸時遭槍手行刺未傷。

Took office as Hong Kong's fifteenth Governor on 4 July and was shot at, unharmed, while landing.

1918

跑馬地馬場大火造成逾六百人死亡,政府事後檢討公共場所安全。

The Happy Valley racecourse fire killed more than six hundred people and prompted a review of public safety.

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

梅含理是唯一曾遭行刺的港督,任內推動私立學校註冊與刊物管制,並禁止中國錢幣在港流通。1918年跑馬地馬場大火造成逾六百人死亡,促使政府正視木構建築與公共場所的安全問題;他在香港居住三十八年,是歷任港督中居港時間最長的一位。

English

The only Hong Kong governor to have been the target of an assassination attempt, May regulated private schools and seditious publications and banned the circulation of Chinese coins. The Happy Valley racecourse fire of 1918, which killed more than six hundred people, forced the government to confront the safety of timber buildings and public venues; he lived in Hong Kong for thirty-eight years, longer than any other governor.

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