歷任港督 / Governor

羅便臣

Hercules Robinson

1824–1897

領域:政治人物

繁體中文

羅便臣(Hercules George Robert Robinson,1824年—1897年)係愛爾蘭裔殖民地官員,1824年12月19日喺愛爾蘭韋斯特米斯郡出世,早年喺皇家愛爾蘭警隊供職,其後轉任殖民地行政,1854年出任蒙特塞拉特主席,1855年任聖基茨副總督。1859年9月他出任第五任香港總督,當時未滿三十五歲。1860年《北京條約》將九龍半島(界限街以南)割讓英國,1861年1月19日他主持接收儀式,香港版圖首次由港島擴展至九龍。1862年他創辦中央書院(今皇仁書院前身),由史釗域博士出任首任掌院,為華人子弟提供西式教育,係香港首間官立學校。1860年5月他改組香港郵政部門,以郵政司主管,使之獨立於英國皇家郵政;1862年12月8日發行香港首套通用郵票。1863年香港鑄幣廠啟用,嘗試解決多國貨幣混用嘅問題,該廠因虧蝕於1868年關閉。他任內亦整頓公共工程、公務員培訓,並推動薄扶林水塘建設以穩定食水供應。1865年3月離任後,他先後出任錫蘭(1865—1872)、新南威爾士(1872—1879)、新西蘭(1879—1880)同開普殖民地總督,並兼任南部非洲高級專員,1896年獲封羅士敏勳爵(Baron Rosmead),1897年逝世。他一生效力英國殖民地部,足跡遍及亞、非、大洋洲,係十九世紀英國殖民地行政體系嘅代表人物之一。香港島半山嘅羅便臣道以他命名;九龍原有嘅羅便臣道則喺1909年易名為彌敦道。

English

Hercules George Robert Robinson (1824-1897) was an Irish-born colonial administrator, born in County Westmeath and educated at the Royal Military School. After service in the Royal Irish Constabulary and posts in the West Indies - president of Montserrat from 1854 and lieutenant-governor of St Kitts from 1855 - he became the fifth Governor of Hong Kong in September 1859, still short of thirty-five. Under the 1860 Convention of Peking the Kowloon peninsula south of Boundary Street was ceded to Britain, and on 19 January 1861 he presided over the ceremony of taking possession, the first extension of Hong Kong beyond Hong Kong Island. In 1860 he reorganised the colony's postal service under a postmaster-general independent of the British Royal Mail, and on 8 December 1862 issued Hong Kong's first set of general postage stamps. In 1862 he founded the Central School, forerunner of Queen's College, with Dr Frederick Stewart as its first headmaster, giving Chinese boys a Western education in the colony's first government school; in 1863 the Hong Kong Mint opened in an attempt to resolve the confusion of multiple currencies (it closed in 1868 after losses). He also reformed public works and civil-service training and pushed the Pok Fu Lam reservoir to secure the water supply. Leaving in March 1865, he went on to govern Ceylon (1865-1872), New South Wales (1872-1879), New Zealand (1879-1880) and the Cape Colony, where he was also High Commissioner for Southern Africa, and was created Baron Rosmead in 1896, dying the next year. Robinson Road on the Mid-Levels is named after him.

人物小檔 Profile

職業Occupation

殖民地行政官員、第五任香港總督

年期Active period

1824–1897

代表作Notable works

任內接收九龍半島;創辦中央書院(皇仁書院前身);設立香港鑄幣廠

資料整理日期 / Compiled: 2026-09-13

權威檔 Authority record

一個人一個穩定代號(slug)同呢幾項別名,跨頁統一引用;外連指向同一人物的權威出處。

  • Sir Hercules Robinson · name

    全稱

  • 夏鶴士·羅便臣 · variant

    異譯

  • 羅士敏 · variant

    舊譯

同一權威識別:https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318179

主要成就 Key Achievements

1859

出任第五任香港總督,接替寶寧。

Became the fifth Governor of Hong Kong, succeeding John Bowring.

1861

主持九龍半島接收儀式,香港版圖首次擴展至九龍。

Presided over the ceremony taking possession of the Kowloon peninsula, the first extension of Hong Kong beyond the island.

1862

創辦中央書院(今皇仁書院前身),並於同年12月8日發行香港首套通用郵票。

Founded the Central School, forerunner of Queen's College, and issued Hong Kong's first general postage stamps on 8 December the same year.

影響與傳承 Impact & Legacy

繁體中文

羅便臣任內接收九龍半島,令香港版圖首次跨過港島,奠定日後九龍發展嘅地理基礎;他創辦嘅中央書院係香港首間官立學校,成為華人接受西式教育嘅重要起點,香港首套通用郵票亦喺他任內發行。

English

By taking possession of the Kowloon peninsula, Robinson extended Hong Kong beyond the island for the first time and laid the geographic groundwork for Kowloon's later growth; the Central School he founded was the colony's first government school and an important starting point for Western education for Chinese residents, and Hong Kong's first general postage stamps were issued during his term.

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