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《香港志·自然》建置與地區概況(人口) Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Territory, Geography and Population
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Territory, Geography and Population (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/1901#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·總述 大事記》(公元前 5000 年至 2017 年,共 6,500 多條大事) Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events)
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute (2020). Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events) (p. 〈頁碼〉). /chronicle/archive/1906#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·自然》自然環境 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Environmental Protection and Conservation (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/1953#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·自然》自然資源與生態 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/1954#〈條目編號〉
Substitute the entry’s page number and ID (shown as 〈頁碼〉/〈條目編號〉) into the pattern above. The same templates, plus rules and limits, are in the citation block of /api/v1/archive.json.
The number of boat dwellers around Victoria Harbour rose from 28,529 to 33,785, yet their proportion of the territory's total boat population fell from 71.1% to 52.1%.
The Victoria Swimming Club held the first Victoria Harbour cross-harbour swim in 1906, which later became an annual event, was suspended in 1942 and resumed in 1947.
On 31 March 1930, the commissioning ceremony of Victoria Harbour's first submarine water pipeline was held at Queen's Pier, and Hong Kong Island thereafter began receiving water from the Kowloon reservoirs.
On 16 and 17 August 1936, measured against the chart datum, Victoria Harbour recorded a highest tide level of 3.81 metres, and 20 people died; 179 were injured.
From 24 August 1939, the British Navy imposed a blockade in the eastern waters of Victoria Harbour around Lei Yue Mun and laid obstacles to prevent Japanese warships from entering.
After nightfall on the same day, the Royal Navy destroyer HMS Thracian launched a raid and succeeded in sinking two Japanese vessels anchored in Victoria Harbour.
On 31 August 1945, British Rear-Admiral Harcourt led Task Force 111.2 under the British Pacific Fleet into Victoria Harbour and took over the naval dockyard.
On 18 October 1947, Victoria Harbour hosted its first cross-harbour swimming race after the Second World War, starting from the railway pier at Tsim Sha Tsui Station and finishing at the Victoria Swimming Club in Central.
On 24 November 1952, post-war reclamation in Victoria Harbour covering the Central area began, with the whole project carried out in four phases; the first phase was completed in August 1955 and the final phase ended only in January 1968.
In 1953, the Hong Kong Government began planning a sewage treatment scheme for both sides of Victoria Harbour, with sewage to be directed to specific locations, first screened and then discharged through submarine outfall pipelines.
To monitor changes in the sea level of Victoria Harbour, the Hong Kong Observatory has installed instruments at North Point and Quarry Bay since 1954 to continuously monitor local tide levels.
From 1954 to 2020, among the top ten events of highest sea level in Victoria Harbour, five occurred in the last twenty years of these sixty-six years; as for the top five events, eighty per cent were concentrated in these twenty years.
Tidal monitoring conducted in Victoria Harbour since 1954 shows that the highest sea levels recorded when tropical cyclones struck Hong Kong have tended to rise gradually.
In 1955, a whale stranded in the waters around Victoria Harbour, and its skeleton is now placed outside the Swire Institute of Marine Science of the University of Hong Kong at Cape D'Aguilar for public viewing.
On 3 March 1958, the first cross-harbour gas pipeline linking Hung Hom and Causeway Bay across Victoria Harbour was completed; thereafter gas used on Hong Kong Island was supplied from the Kowloon plant, and the Sai Wan gas plant subsequently ceased operation.
Between 1960 and 1980, seabed sediments in Victoria Harbour and Tsuen Wan Bay accumulated relatively high levels of heavy metals and trace organic pollutants, with copper and silver being particularly prominent.
According to instrumental records kept since 1954, the highest water level in Victoria Harbour occurred in 1962, when Typhoon Wanda struck Hong Kong, recording 3.96 metres.
At 6:15 a.m. on 1 September 1962, the Observatory hoisted the No. 10 hurricane signal, and at 6:30 a.m. issued a separate storm surge advisory stating that the water level in Victoria Harbour would rise more than six feet above normal high tide.
The tunnel was built by the immersed tube method, formed by joining fifteen caissons, with a total length of 1.9 kilometres, crossing Victoria Harbour and connecting Hung Hom in Kowloon with Causeway Bay on Hong Kong Island.
From 18 January 1971, the Observatory cooperated with the Marine Department to broadcast relevant messages via the Harbour Radio's VHF channel whenever visibility in Victoria Harbour dropped below 2 nautical miles.
At 6:00 pm on 2 August 1972, the opening ceremony of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel was held in Hung Hom, officiated by then Governor MacLehose; the tunnel was Hong Kong's first cross-harbour vehicular road crossing Victoria Harbour and connecting both sides; at 11:30 pm the following day, the tunnel was officially opened to vehicular traffic.
On 12 February 1980, the section between Tsim Sha Tsui Station and Central Station of the Hong Kong MTR officially opened, marking the full completion of the Modified Initial System and being the first local railway line crossing Victoria Harbour.
On 2 July 1984, the Hong Kong Government published a town planning framework document entitled the "Territorial Development Strategy", focusing on reclamation on both sides of Victoria Harbour aimed at creating 1,000 hectares of land.
Since 1986, the overall water quality performance of the Eastern Buffer and Tseung Kwan O has been better than that of Victoria Harbour and the Western Buffer.
In 1989, the Environmental Protection Department prepared a sewage discharge strategy and formulated an overall sewage collection plan for sewage treatment on both sides of Victoria Harbour.
The Government added a sewage treatment facility at Stonecutters Island, mixing lime into preliminarily treated sewage for neutralisation before discharging it into the western waters of Victoria Harbour.
On 18 July 1989, during Typhoon Gordon, the maximum storm surge was 1.20 metres in Victoria Harbour, 1.36 metres at Tai Po Kau and 1.11 metres at Tsim Bei Tsui.
On 18 July 1989, during Typhoon Gordon, the maximum tide levels were 3.27 metres in Victoria Harbour, 3.31 metres at Tai Po Kau and 3.73 metres at Tsim Bei Tsui.
It was the Victoria Harbour Water Control Zone whose overall compliance rate of the water quality objective once fell to a minimum of 45 per cent in the 1990s and the early 2010s.
Entering the 1990s, public awareness of environmental protection grew, and issues such as the reduction of Victoria Harbour's water area, damage to the shoreline, and the safety of vessel traffic drew attention from all sectors of society.
Entering the early 1990s, Victoria Harbour received about 1.8 million cubic metres of sewage per day, causing pollution of the harbour's water quality.
In the early 1990s, about 1.8 million cubic metres of sewage were discharged into the harbour each day, polluting the water quality of Victoria Harbour.
In the early 1990s, the water quality of Victoria Harbour was polluted, mainly because about 1.8 million cubic metres of sewage were discharged into the harbour each day.
On 17 September 1993, during Typhoon Becky, the maximum storm surge was 0.88 metres in Victoria Harbour, 1.42 metres at Tai Po Kau and 1.32 metres at Tsim Bei Tsui.
On 17 September 1993, during Typhoon Becky, the maximum tide levels were 3.08 metres in Victoria Harbour, 3.25 metres at Tai Po Kau and 3.98 metres at Tsim Bei Tsui.
In July 1995, the Victoria Harbour (Phase Two) Water Control Zone came into effect, covering Sham Shui Po, Yau Ma Tei, Tsim Sha Tsui and other areas, with the water quality objectives taking effect on the same day.
On 21 October 1995, the Society for the Protection of the Harbour launched a public signature campaign to express opposition to the government's reclamation works in Victoria Harbour.
The Society for the Protection of the Harbour was founded in November 1995, becoming Hong Kong's first civil organisation aimed at conserving Victoria Harbour.
Winston Chu has served as Chairman of the Society for the Protection of the Harbour since November 1995, and the organisation has consistently opposed large-scale reclamation in Victoria Harbour.
In February 1996, the Central, Wan Chai and Causeway Bay areas were included in the water quality control zone, with the Victoria Harbour Phase III control zone and water quality objectives taking effect at the same time.
The ordinance stipulates that reclamation works may not be carried out in the central waters of Victoria Harbour, covering an area extending from Hung Hom and North Point in the east to the Western Harbour Crossing in the west.
After the sewage treatment facilities at Stonecutters Island came into operation, the previously severe water pollution in Victoria Harbour gradually improved.
The Post Office launched a new set of definitive stamps on 26 January 1997 featuring Victoria Harbour, and on the same day ceased selling the old stamps bearing the Queen's portrait, though those old stamps remained valid until 1 July.