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《香港志·自然》建置與地區概況(人口) Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Territory, Geography and Population
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Territory, Geography and Population (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/1901#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·總述 大事記》(公元前 5000 年至 2017 年,共 6,500 多條大事) Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events)
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute (2020). Hong Kong Chronicles: Overview and Chronology (c. 5000 BC–2017, over 6,500 events) (p. 〈頁碼〉). /chronicle/archive/1901#〈條目編號〉
《香港志·自然》自然環境 Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Environment
APAHong Kong Chronicles Institute. Hong Kong Chronicles, Nature: Natural Resources and Ecology (p. 〈頁碼〉). Accessed 2026-10-18. /chronicle/archive/1933#〈條目編號〉
Substitute the entry’s page number and ID (shown as 〈頁碼〉/〈條目編號〉) into the pattern above. The same templates, plus rules and limits, are in the citation block of /api/v1/archive.json.
Tao Mo, Governor-General of Liangguang, addressed the Zongli Yamen, holding that British authority could not extend to the river mouths flowing into the bays and the leased Shenzhen River.
Tao Mo advocated that the boundary at the junction of the bays of the new leased territory and the Chinese shore be set at the point where the coastal waters end and the shore becomes visible, while the Shenzhen River should still be bounded by its northern bank.
In 1901, Hong Kong Chinese whose native place was Guangzhou Prefecture came mainly from the five places of Dongguan, Panyu, Nanhai, Xin'an, and Xinhui.
In 1901, Yuen On Steamship Company and Shiu On Steamship Company were successively founded, jointly operating the night ferry route between Guangzhou and Hong Kong.
In 1901, among Hong Kong Chinese whose native place was Guangdong, 78.77% claimed to be from Guangzhou Prefecture, 8.83% from Zhaoqing Prefecture, and 8.41% from Huizhou Prefecture.
On 31 May 1901, Scott, then British Consul-General in Guangzhou, acting on the view of Hong Kong Governor Blake, sent a note to Tao Mo, Governor-General of Liangguang, concerning jurisdiction over the intertidal zones of the bays.
The Guangzhou Kwong Sang Hong cosmetics factory opened a branch in Central in 1905, and its registered trademark Two Girls became the earliest beauty and cosmetics brand in Hong Kong.
The American physicist Yan Wenshi, in his capacity as supervisor of Lingnan School in Guangzhou, directed geomagnetic surveys of China, Indochina and Siam.
On 1 October 1910, the 22-mile British section of the Kowloon-Canton Railway was completed and opened, thereafter serving as an important overland transport artery between Kowloon, the New Territories and Guangzhou.
According to the 1911 census, the total Cantonese population of Hong Kong Island and Kowloon was 271,739, of whom 216,094 came from Guangzhou Prefecture.
The 1911 census data show that among Cantonese residents on Hong Kong Island and in Kowloon, classified by place of origin, those from Guangzhou Prefecture accounted for 79.5%.
On 8 April 1911, revolutionaries held a meeting in Hong Kong to prepare for an uprising, discussing an anti-Qing revolt in Guangzhou, deciding to advance in ten routes, with Zhao Sheng as commander-in-chief and Huang Xing as deputy.
On the 29th day of the third lunar month (27 April 1911 in the Gregorian calendar), an armed uprising took place in Guangzhou, later known as the 'March 29' Huanghuagang Uprising.
On 4 October 1911, the Kowloon-Canton Railway was fully opened, with the Chinese and British sides departing from Guangzhou and Tsim Sha Tsui respectively, arriving at Luohu Station in Shenzhen on the first trains, and holding a track-linking ceremony at the Luohu Bridge.
On 9 November 1911, Guangdong declared itself free from Qing rule, and local gentry and merchants jointly elected Hu Hanmin as governor; Hu, then in Hong Kong, immediately left with Li Yutang, Lam Wu and others from the Southern Branch of the Tongmenghui for Guangzhou to assume office.
On 18 May 1912, Sun Yat-sen came to Hong Kong from Guangzhou and stayed for four days, during which he attended a banquet hosted by Hong Kong businessmen, gave an interview to reporters, and, at the invitation of the Acting Governor Claud Severn, visited Government House.
On 6 March 1914, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council heard a criminal appeal referred from the Hong Kong High Court, the first appeal of its kind, involving a British military serviceman accused of killing his superior in Guangzhou, which the Hong Kong High Court tried under British extraterritorial jurisdiction in China.
On 17 July 1915, the Legislative Council passed a funding resolution agreeing to allocate $50,000 from public funds to a relief fund set up by Tung Wah Hospital to assist victims of the West River floods in Guangdong and the Guangzhou fire.
On 4 May 1921, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs issued instructions prohibiting Chinese residents from holding any gatherings to celebrate the founding of the Guangzhou Nationalist Government.
On 23 May 1921, then Governor of Hong Kong Stubbs apologized for arrangements to suppress celebrations of the founding of the Guangzhou Nationalist Government, stating that the Hong Kong Government recognized only the Republican government in Beijing as legitimate.
On 4 December 1921, during the Washington Conference, Britain, France and Japan indicated their willingness to return leased territories including Weihaiwei, Kwangchowan and Kiaochow Bay.
On 12 January 1922, the Chinese Seamen's Union, having received no reply to its third demand for a pay increase, announced a strike; the seamen later returned to Guangzhou and separately issued a 'Strike Declaration' and 'Stoppage Rules'.
On 3 March 1922, the Hong Kong Government deployed troops and police to intercept striking workers marching to Guangzhou and opened fire on them at Sha Tin, killing five workers and wounding seven, an incident known as the 'Sha Tin Massacre'.
On 5 March 1922, with mediation by the Guangzhou Government, the Hong Kong Government and the Seamen's Union signed an agreement to raise wages by 15 to 30 per cent.
In December 1924, Ka Wah Savings Bank was formally incorporated, with its predecessor, the Canton Ka Wah Bank, moving its head office from Canton to Des Voeux Road Central in Hong Kong.
The Canton-Hong Kong Strike Committee organised a workers' picket of over 2,000 members, responsible for maintaining order, enforcing the blockade on traffic between Hong Kong and Shamian, and suppressing smuggling.
The All-China Federation of Trade Unions established the unified strike leadership body, the Canton-Hong Kong Strike Committee, in Canton and announced an economic blockade on Hong Kong.
Lasting from June 1925 until October 1926, the Canton-Hong Kong General Strike continued for sixteen months, with a number of participants unprecedented in the history of the Chinese workers' movement.
The Canton-Hong Kong General Strike that broke out in June 1925 involved about 250,000 Hong Kong workers, of whom about 130,000 moved to Guangzhou, and the strike lasted a total of one year and four months.
On 18 June 1925, various trade unions in Hong Kong held a joint conference of all Hong Kong labour organisations, during which the Hong Kong General Labour Union was formed and a decision was made to launch a general strike in response to the nationwide support movement arising from the Shanghai May Thirtieth Massacre; subsequently, the shipping, printing and tram industries were the first to stop work, with other industries following one after another, involving 250,000 participants, many of whom travelled to Canton in groups.
On 23 June, a massive demonstration march was held in Canton, with participants including people from all walks of life in Guangdong and Canton-Hong Kong strike workers, totalling 100,000.
On 10 July 1925, the Canton-Hong Kong Strike Committee in Canton announced that from that day it would impose an economic blockade on Hong Kong, prohibiting goods from being shipped into Hong Kong.
On 21 August 1925, Tung Wah Hospital, the Hong Kong Chinese Chamber of Commerce and the Twenty-Four Guilds Chamber of Commerce jointly sent telegrams in the name of the three organisations to various major cities in China and overseas Chinese organisations, requesting the suspension of remittance support to workers who had left Hong Kong for Canton to join the strike.
On 23 September 1925, as the economic blockade by the Canton–Hong Kong Strike Committee caused an annual loss of over $5 million, the Hong Kong Government requested a loan of £3 million from the British Government.
On 2 December 1925, Governor Clementi met Yang Xiyan, representative of the Nationalist Government in Canton, at Government House and stated that the Canton-Hong Kong General Strike could be resolved through negotiation.
Under the mediation of the Canton–Hong Kong Strike Committee, the Hong Kong Government and the Nationalist Government reopened negotiations to deal with the strike.
On 3 April 1926, the Hong Kong Government sent personnel to Canton to join the British Consul-General in Canton in negotiations with representatives of the Canton Nationalist Government over the strike; the two sides held five rounds of meetings before 23 July but reached no consensus.
On 16 April 1926, union representatives from various trades in Hong Kong gathered in Canton for a nine-day meeting, during which a resolution was passed to form the Hong Kong General Labour Union in support of the Canton–Hong Kong General Strike.
In July 1926, the National Revolutionary Army was formed by the Nationalist Government to launch the Northern Expedition; workers of the Canton-Hong Kong strike responded upon hearing the news and joined the Northern Expedition ranks one after another.
On 10 October 1926, the Canton–Hong Kong Strike Committee announced the lifting of the economic blockade of Hong Kong and the end of the sixteen-month strike.
On 10 October, the Canton–Hong Kong Strike Committee publicly announced the lifting of the blockade and stated that from 12 noon that day, pickets stationed at the various sea ports would be withdrawn.
In 1928, "Zi Zhi Lu" appeared, featuring literary works set in or drawing on Guangzhou and its surroundings and Hong Kong, along with visual works such as drawings, sketches, cartoons and photographs, and it ceased publication in 1932.
In 1928, CCP leader Zhou Enlai arrived in Hong Kong to preside over an enlarged meeting of the Guangdong Provincial Committee to handle the aftermath of the Guangzhou Uprising; he also issued instructions for the Guangdong Provincial Committee to plan an operation to rescue Provincial Committee Secretary Deng Zhongxia, who had been arrested by the Hong Kong authorities.
On 9 March 1928, then Governor Cecil Clementi visited Guangzhou and stayed for three days, during which he met with Li Jishen, Chairman of Guangdong Province; this meeting was the highest-level contact between the Hong Kong government and the Guangzhou Nationalist Government after the end of the Canton-Hong Kong General Strike.
The Hong Kong branch of the private Guangzhou Pui Ching Middle School was founded with only primary and junior secondary first-year classes, and it was not until 1935 that a secondary section was added.
After the American Presbyterian Mission founded True Light College in Guangzhou, it opened a affiliated primary school, True Light Primary School, in Hong Kong's Mid-Levels; in 1947 the school added a secondary section and the following year was renamed Hong Kong True Light Middle School.
Huang Musong, Chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Government, and Zeng Yangfu, Mayor of Guangzhou Special Municipality, visited Hong Kong together for a three-day trip, during which they were received by Governor Andrew Caldecott.
In 1937, the Seventh-day Adventist Church founded Sam Yuk Middle School, which moved from Guangzhou to Hong Kong and initially established its campus in Sha Tin.
The Presbyterian Church in the United States of America chose a site on Bonham Road in Sai Ying Pun and opened a primary school section on 1 January 1937 under the name Pui Ying Middle School (Hong Kong Branch) of Guangzhou, adding a junior secondary section in the autumn of the same year.
In 1938, the Guangzhou Bahe Dramatic Association moved its operations to Hong Kong, with Sit Kok-sin continuing as chairman; the organisation later became the predecessor of the Hong Kong Bahe Association.
After Guangzhou was occupied by Japanese forces in 1938, a large number of pregnant women fled south to Hong Kong, which increased the risk of difficult childbirth.
On 3 February 1938, Humen was blockaded by Japanese warships; from the following day, all passenger shipping services between Guangzhou and Hong Kong were suspended.
After the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, large quantities of military yen were shipped to Hong Kong from Guangzhou, and the exchange rate between the Hong Kong dollar and the military yen was adjusted to two to one.
On 14 April 1941, as Japanese forces in Guangzhou had begun blockading the Pearl River on 9 April, traffic between Guangdong and Hong Kong was completely cut off on that day.
The Hong Kong Trade Association was established on 8 October 1942, after which merchants wishing to trade in Kwangchowan, Macao, Amoy and areas beyond Guangdong Province had to obtain the Governor's permission or be members of the association.
If the destination was Guangzhouwan, Hainan Island or Shantou, the approved period was three months; for Guangzhou, Macau or Zhongshan it was one month; and for short journeys with minor matters, only ten days.
Personnel approved by the Governor and members of Hong Kong trade associations were thereafter permitted to trade with Kwangchowan, Macao, Amoy and places beyond Guangdong Province.
On 1 February 1945, Lieutenant General Hisaichi Tanaka arrived in Hong Kong from Guangzhou as commander of the Japanese Army's 23rd Army, succeeding Takashi Isogai as the second Governor during the Japanese occupation.
From 1946 to 1950, a considerable amount of capital, machinery, skills and managerial expertise moved into Hong Kong from Shanghai and Guangzhou, with at least US$500 million brought in during the period.
From the summer of 1946, a large number of left-wing writers came south to Hong Kong from Nanjing, Guangzhou, Beiping, Shanghai and other places to escape the civil war and persecution by the Kuomintang authorities.
Tsan Po Tong was the only establishment in Hong Kong that compiled almanacs using astronomical calculations, and its successor Choi Pak-lai moved from Guangzhou to Hong Kong in 1950.
On 3 October 1951, Bishop Ronald Hall of the Anglican Church in Hong Kong, Li Ying-lam, President of Lingnan University in Guangzhou, and Ou Weiguo, a trustee of St. John's University in Shanghai, jointly founded Chung Chi College, with the opening ceremony held on the same day.
On 15 March 1955, Wei Lihuang, who had retired from senior military posts in the Kuomintang, quietly arrived in Guangzhou from Hong Kong and subsequently made public the 'Letter to Comrades-in-Arms and Friends in Taiwan'.
United College was established in 1956, formed from the predecessor institutions of Wah Kiu, Kwong Kiu, Wen Hua, Kwong Ha, and Ping Ching, most of which relocated from Guangzhou to Hong Kong between 1947 and 1950.
On 23 June 1956, five private post-secondary colleges merged to form United College, which began teaching in September that year; the five colleges had originally been located in Guangzhou or Shanghai before moving to Hong Kong.
In 1957, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and the Guangdong Provincial People's Government received State Council approval to jointly hold the Chinese Export Commodities Fair in Guangzhou, under the external name of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade; Premier Zhou Enlai abbreviated it as the Canton Fair, which has since been held twice a year in spring and autumn and continues to this day.
Starting from 1957, the Ministry of Foreign Trade, together with Guangdong Province, jointly held the Chinese Export Commodities Fair in Guangzhou; thereafter, the fair was held once each in spring and autumn every year and has continued to the present.
Starting from 1957, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Guangdong Province jointly organised the Chinese Export Commodities Fair in Guangzhou, which was subsequently held twice a year in spring and autumn and continues to the present.
In 1961, among the Chinese population of Hong Kong, 1,491,297 persons reported their place of origin as Guangzhou, Macao and the neighbouring area, accounting for 50.7% of the whole.
In the 1966 land-based Chinese population, those from Guangzhou, Macao and their neighbouring areas accounted for 49.1%, while those from Sze Yap accounted for 19.9%.
Deng Xiaoping stated that improving production and living standards could solve the problem of fleeing to Hong Kong, and that the main reasons for fleeing were poor living conditions and too large a gap.
MacLehose, in his capacity as Governor, went to Guangzhou Railway Station to attend the opening ceremony of the Guangdong-Hong Kong through train and then took the first train back to Hong Kong.
On 21 January 1979, the first leg of the inaugural Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup football match kicked off at Yuexiu Shan Football Stadium in Guangzhou, with the Guangdong team eventually defeating its opponent 1-0.
In June 1979, the Chinese container ship "Linjiang" departed from Huangpu in Guangzhou and arrived in Hong Kong, berthing at Berth 6 of the Hong Kong International Terminals for unloading.
From 10 July 1979, the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department announced that Hong Kong and Macao residents would be issued Home Visit Permits valid for three years for multiple journeys, and the single-journey Home Visit Introduction Letter would no longer be used.
From 1983 onwards, the two sides reached an agreement that the annual quantity of Dongjiang water supplied to Hong Kong would be based on 220 million cubic metres, increasing by 30 million to 35 million cubic metres each year thereafter.
To handle arrangements for the supply of Dongjiang water to Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Government together with the Guangdong Provincial Government signed a supplementary agreement in Guangzhou on 14 May 1980.
In October 1980, then Governor MacLehose visited Guangzhou and held talks with Guangdong officials, at which both sides agreed to set a daily quota ceiling for legal immigrants.
In October 1980, then Governor MacLehose went to Guangzhou and held talks with Guangdong officials, at which both sides reached a consensus to set a daily entry quota for legal immigrants.
In 1981, among Hong Kong's ethnic Chinese population, 2,455,749 persons, or 50.3% of the total, had Guangzhou, Macao and their neighbouring areas as their place of origin.
A CAAC passenger aircraft flying from Guangzhou to Guilin crashed in Gongcheng County, killing all 112 people on board, of whom 50 passengers had originally travelled from Hong Kong via Guangzhou to take the flight.
This hotel was the first five-star hotel jointly operated by Chinese and foreign parties since the country implemented the reform and opening-up policy.
On 6 February 1983, the White Swan Hotel in Guangzhou was officially opened; the project was jointly funded by Henry Fok, Peng Guozhen and the Guangdong Provincial Tourism Bureau, with a total investment of 200 million yuan.
The hotel was jointly built by Guangzhou Yangcheng Service Company Limited and Hong Kong New Synthesis Development Limited with a total investment of US$100 million.
On 28 December 1984, Yuexiu Enterprises Limited, a comprehensive enterprise established in Hong Kong by the Guangzhou Municipal Government, formally completed its registration procedures.
On 11 August 1985, the Hong Kong Federation of Students organised a Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao secondary school student exchange activity and received 15 senior secondary students who came to Hong Kong from Guangzhou, staying for a total of two days.
A group of senior secondary students from Guangzhou came to Hong Kong for exchange for the first time after the state implemented the reform and opening-up policy.
On 28 August 1985, the Guangzhou Garden Hotel began operation, the project having been built as a joint venture between Hong Kong Garden Hotel Investment Company and Guangzhou Lingnan Property Company.
On 3 May 1986, China Airlines Flight 334, a cargo aircraft scheduled to depart from Bangkok and stop over in Hong Kong before proceeding to Taipei, was hijacked by Captain Wang Hsi-chueh before reaching Hong Kong and was diverted to land at Guangzhou Baiyun Airport.
Between 1987 and 1989, three archaeological excavations were carried out successively at the Tung Wan site on Lantau Island, with participating institutions including the Department of Anthropology of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, the Shenzhen Museum, and the Centre for Chinese Archaeology and Art of the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
The Luoxi Bridge, located in Panyu County, Guangdong Province, connecting Haizhu District of Guangzhou and Luoxi of Panyu, was officially opened on 28 August 1988, with a total length of 1,916 metres.
On 31 August 1988, a Civil Aviation Administration of China passenger plane flying from Guangzhou to Hong Kong overran the runway and crashed into the sea while landing at Kai Tak Airport, killing seven people and injuring 15.
On 31 August 1988, a CAAC passenger aircraft flying from Guangzhou to Hong Kong overran the runway while landing at Kai Tak Airport in heavy rain and plunged into the waters of Kowloon Bay.
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, together with Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, carried out a two-month archaeological excavation at the Tai Wan site on Lamma Island.
The results of both the 1991 and 2016 population censuses showed that Cantonese was the language most commonly used by Hong Kong residents for daily communication at home.
In October 1992, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, together with the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Archaeology and the Department of Anthropology of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, began a two-month archaeological excavation at the Pak Mong site on North Lantau.
On 2 December 1992, the Flying Tigers were ordered by police to arrest criminals at Guangzhou House in Tsuen Wan Centre, a shootout ensued, and ultimately seven police officers were injured and six criminals were arrested.
The train began operation the next day, with a maximum speed of 160 km/h, reducing the journey time between Hong Kong and Guangzhou by about 40 minutes.
On 30 March 1998, the Guangdong-Hong Kong Cooperation Joint Conference was established, with its first meeting held in Guangzhou to discuss cross-boundary passenger transport, cross-boundary freight transport and infrastructure development.